WO2021259060A1 - 一种酮咯酸衍生物、药物组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种酮咯酸衍生物、药物组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2021259060A1
WO2021259060A1 PCT/CN2021/099033 CN2021099033W WO2021259060A1 WO 2021259060 A1 WO2021259060 A1 WO 2021259060A1 CN 2021099033 W CN2021099033 W CN 2021099033W WO 2021259060 A1 WO2021259060 A1 WO 2021259060A1
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compound
reaction flask
substituted
ether
reaction
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PCT/CN2021/099033
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French (fr)
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叶海
闵涛
吕田
周文亮
陈星燃
冯云庆
莫美玲
王佳琳
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南京海融医药科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021259060A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021259060A1/zh
Priority to US18/145,901 priority Critical patent/US20230134672A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/407—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with other heterocyclic ring systems, e.g. ketorolac, physostigmine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/02—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for peripheral neuropathies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ketorolac derivative, a pharmaceutical composition, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of medicinal chemistry.
  • Ketorolac is a derivative of pyrrolidine carboxylic acid, and its chemical structure and pharmacological effects are similar to tolmentin, zomatoic acid and indomethacin. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Mainly by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX), thereby reducing the synthesis and release of prostaglandins to produce anti-inflammatory effects. The reduction of prostaglandins can reduce the sensitivity of nerve fibers to noxious stimuli, thereby having analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. Ketorolac has a strong analgesic activity, 0.4 times that of morphine, 800 times that of aspirin, and 60 times that of indomethacin.
  • ketorolac Compared with opioid analgesics, ketorolac has the advantages of fast onset, no addiction, no central nervous system damage, no respiratory depression or constipation and other adverse reactions, and long acting time. Combined with morphine, it can reduce the amount of morphine and reduce the adverse reactions and addiction caused by morphine.
  • Ketorolac is absorbed rapidly by oral and intramuscular injection, the effective therapeutic plasma concentration is 0.3 ⁇ 5 ⁇ g/L, the peak plasma concentration time is 20 ⁇ 60min, the bioavailability is 80% ⁇ 100%; the binding rate with plasma protein>99% , The volume of distribution is 0.1 ⁇ 0.3L/kg, the total clearance rate is 0.03L ⁇ kg -1 ⁇ h -1 ; it is not easy to penetrate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier; it is mainly combined with hepatic glucuronic acid and hydroxylated metabolism.
  • the elimination half-life is 4 to 6 hours, including 6 to 7 hours in elderly patients and 9 to 10 hours in patients with renal insufficiency; about 90% of the original drug and metabolites are excreted in urine. It shows that ketorolac has the advantages of low onset concentration and high analgesic activity.
  • traditional injection and oral administration methods have shortcomings such as too fast elimination rate and short analgesia time.
  • Ketorolac is poor in water solubility. In order to improve the water solubility of ketorolac, meet the requirements of injection and oral administration, and make ketorolac effective in body fluids and gastrointestinal tract, it is usually prepared as ketorolac tromethamine salt. Ketorolac tromethamine was developed and marketed by Syntex in the United States. There are mainly oral (10mg/time) administration and injection (30mg/time) administration preparations, such as capsules and injections. Traditional ketorolac tromethamine oral and injection preparations have the disadvantages of frequent administration, gastrointestinal side effects shared by non-steroidal drugs, and poor compliance.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a ketorolac derivative, a pharmaceutical composition, and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a class of ketorolac derivatives, namely the compounds represented by formula (I), their racemates, stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates,
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-40 alkyl, C 2-40 alkenyl, C 2-40 alkynyl, C 1-40 alkoxy, C 3-40 cycloalkyl, C 3-40 cycloalkyloxy, 3-20 membered heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted C 6-20 aryl, unsubstituted or substituted by Ra 5-20 Membered heteroaryl group or 3-20 membered heterocyclic group substituted by one, two or more Ra; each Ra is the same or different, and is independently selected from halogen, C 1-40 alkyl, C 1-40 Alkoxy, C 6-20 aryl acyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-40 alkyl, C 2-40 alkenyl, C 2-40 alkynyl, C 1-40 alkoxy, C 3-40 cycloalkyl, C 3-40 cycloalkyloxy, 3-20 membered heterocyclic group, C 6-20 aryl group, 5-20 membered heteroaryl group or by one, two or more Ra substituted 3-20 membered heterocyclic group; each Ra is the same or different and is independently selected from halogen, C 1-40 alkyl, C 1-40 alkoxy, C 6-20 aryl acyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-20 alkyl, C 2-20 alkenyl, C 2-20 alkynyl, C 1- 20 alkoxy, C 3-20 cycloalkyl, C 3-20 cycloalkyloxy, 5-10 membered heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted C 6-14 aryl, unsubstituted or substituted by Ra A substituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl group, or a 5-14 membered heterocyclic group substituted by one, two or more Ra; each Ra is the same or different, and is independently selected from halogen, C 1-20 alkane Group, C 1-20 alkoxy, C 6-20 aryl acyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-20 alkyl, C 2-20 alkenyl, C 2-20 alkynyl, C 1- 20 alkoxy, C 3-20 cycloalkyl, C 3-20 cycloalkyloxy, 5-10 membered heterocyclic group, C 6-14 aryl, 5-14 membered heteroaryl, or by one, Two or more 5-14 membered heterocyclic groups substituted by Ra; each Ra is the same or different and is independently selected from halogen, C 1-20 alkyl, C 1-20 alkoxy, C 6-20 Aryl acyl.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-8 alkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, C 1- 8 alkoxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl group, a 5-10 membered heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or Ra-substituted C 6-10 aryl group, unsubstituted or substituted by Ra Substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl group, or 5-10 membered heterocyclic group substituted by one, two or more Ra; each Ra is the same or different, and is independently selected from C 6-10 aryl acyl ;
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-8 alkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 2-8 alkynyl, C 1- 8 alkoxy, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy, 5-10 membered heterocyclic group, C 6-10 aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or by one, Two or more 5-10 membered heterocyclic groups substituted by Ra; each Ra is the same or different and is independently selected from C 6-10 aryl acyl groups;
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1- 6 alkoxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyloxy, 5-8 membered heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or substituted C 6-8 aryl, unsubstituted or substituted by Ra Substituted 5-8 membered heteroaryl group, or 5-8 membered heterocyclic group substituted by one, two or more Ra; each Ra is the same or different, and is independently selected from C 6-10 aryl acyl , Such as benzoyl;
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl, C 1- 6 alkoxy, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyloxy, 5-8 membered heterocyclic group, C 6-8 aryl, 5-8 membered heteroaryl, or by one, Two or more 5-8 membered heterocyclic groups substituted by Ra; each Ra is the same or different, and is independently selected from C 6-10 aryl acyl groups, such as benzoyl;
  • R 1 is selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl
  • R 2 is selected from Hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl
  • R 3 is selected from methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert Butyl, isobutyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, tert-butoxy, isobutoxy, cyclopropoxy, Cyclobutoxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, Cyclobutoxy,
  • the compound represented by formula (I) is preferably from the following structure:
  • the compound represented by formula (I) is more preferably selected from compounds N2, N3, N4, N8, N10, N12, N15, N16, N20, N21, N22, and levorotatory enantiomers selected from the following structures
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 all independently have the above-mentioned definitions;
  • R 3 is selected from C 1-40 alkoxy, C 3-40 cycloalkyloxy, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, tert-butoxy, isobutoxy, cyclopropyl
  • R 3 H can be further metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase into ( The C atom in R 3 is connected to O through a double bond), namely:
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a class of compounds represented by formula (I), their racemates, stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates, the method comprising: The following compound 1 and compound 2 react to obtain the compound represented by formula (I):
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 all independently have the above-mentioned definitions;
  • L is selected from leaving groups, such as halogen and hydroxyl
  • Compound 1 is selected from racemic, R configuration or S configuration ketorolac, that is, selected from ( ⁇ )-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolazine-1-carboxylic acid, (R)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolazine-1-carboxylic acid or (S)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolazine-1 -carboxylic acid;
  • the compound 2 is selected from the following compound 3 or compound 4:
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 all independently have the above-mentioned definitions;
  • X is selected from chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • the preparation method may be carried out in the presence of an organic solvent;
  • the organic solvent may be selected from at least one of the following: acetone, dimethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethyl Formamide, ethers, such as ethyl propyl ether, n-butyl ether, anisole, phenethyl ether, cyclohexyl methyl ether, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dimethyl glycol, biphenyl Ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, diisobutyl ether, diisoamyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, isopropyl ethyl ether, methyl tert-butyl Base ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dichlorodiethyl ether, and polyethers of
  • the preparation method may be carried out in the presence of an acid binding agent, such as a base.
  • the base can be an organic base or an inorganic base.
  • the inorganic base may be selected from at least one of the following: hydrides, hydroxides, alkoxides, acetates, fluorides, phosphates, carbonates, and bicarbonates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals.
  • Preferred bases are sodium amide, sodium hydride, lithium diisopropylamide, sodium methoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium acetate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, potassium fluoride, cesium fluoride, Sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate and cesium carbonate;
  • the organic base can be selected from at least one of the following: tertiary amines, substituted or unsubstituted pyridines, and substituted or unsubstituted Triethylamine, trimethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, tri-n-butylamine, tri-n-hexylamine, tricyclohexylamine, N-methylcyclohexylamine, N-methylpyrrole Alkane, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, N,N-di
  • the preparation method may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as a phase transfer catalyst;
  • a catalyst such as a phase transfer catalyst;
  • the catalyst may be selected from tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC), Tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI), potassium iodide, sodium iodide or 18-crown-6 ether.
  • TBAB tetrabutylammonium bromide
  • TBAC tetrabutylammonium chloride
  • TBAI Tetrabutylammonium iodide
  • potassium iodide sodium iodide or 18-crown-6 ether.
  • the reaction temperature of the preparation method is -5 to 80°C, for example, 0 to 50°C, exemplarily 10°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 40°C;
  • the reaction time of the preparation method is 0.5-24 h, for example, 1-12 h, exemplarily 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h.
  • the present invention provides a preparation method of compound 3, which comprises reacting compound 3-1 with compound 3-2 to obtain compound 3;
  • X is selected from chlorine, bromine or iodine; R 1 , R 2 and R 3 have the definitions described above.
  • the preparation method may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst;
  • the catalyst may be zinc chloride;
  • the preparation method may be carried out in the presence of a solvent;
  • the solvent may be selected from at least one of acetone, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and ether;
  • the reaction temperature of the preparation method is -5 to 80°C, for example, 20 to 60°C;
  • the reaction time of the preparation method is 1 to 8 hours, for example, 2 to 6 hours.
  • the preparation method further includes a post-treatment step.
  • the reaction solution is concentrated to remove the solvent, washed, concentrated or distilled to obtain compound 3.
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method of compound 4, which includes the following reaction steps:
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 have the definitions described above.
  • the reaction in step a) and step b) can be carried out in the presence of a solvent;
  • the solvent is selected from at least one of acetone, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and ether. kind;
  • the reaction in step a) and step b) can be carried out in the presence of an acid binding agent, such as a base;
  • the acid binding agent can be selected from pyridine, triethylamine, DIEA, DBU, NaOH, At least one of KOH, K 2 CO 3 , KHCO 3 , NaCO 3 and NaHCO 3.
  • the reaction time of the preparation method is 0.5 to 3 h, for example, 1 to 2 h.
  • step a) in the step a), compound 4-1 is reacted in a low temperature environment and under the protection of N 2. Further, it also includes the step of vacuum pumping (the extracted gas is absorbed by the lye) and the residual liquid is concentrated under reduced pressure at room temperature to remove the solvent, and then the compound 4-2 is obtained by distillation.
  • step b) compound 4-2 is reacted with alcohol under anhydrous and oxygen-free solvent conditions.
  • it is placed in an ice bath, and an acid binding agent is added thereto to obtain compound 4.
  • the method further includes a post-processing step.
  • the reaction solution is washed, dried, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain compound 4.
  • the third objective of the present invention is to provide the use of the compound represented by formula (I), its racemate, stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate in the preparation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
  • the drug can be used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, low back pain, migraine, neuralgia, periarthritis of the shoulder, osteoarthritis, anti-inflammatory and/or analgesic of neck-shoulder-wrist syndrome, after surgery , Analgesia and/or anti-inflammatory after trauma or tooth extraction, antipyretic and/or analgesia for acute upper respiratory tract inflammation.
  • the fourth object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound represented by formula (I), its racemate, stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate.
  • the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound represented by formula (I), its racemate, stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate.
  • the pharmaceutical composition further includes one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a preparation.
  • the preparations are oral preparations, such as tablets, capsules, injections, eye drops, nasal drops, sprays, gels, creams, ointments or cataplasms and the like.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may further contain one or more additional therapeutic agents.
  • the present invention also provides anti-inflammatory and/or analgesic treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, low back pain, migraine, neuralgia, periarthritis, osteoarthritis, neck-shoulder-wrist syndrome, after surgery, trauma or tooth extraction
  • the method for analgesia and/or anti-inflammatory, acute upper respiratory tract inflammation, antipyretic and/or analgesia includes administering to the patient a preventive or therapeutically effective amount of a compound represented by formula (I), its racemate, stereoisomer, At least one of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate.
  • the patient is a human.
  • the present invention also provides anti-inflammatory and/or analgesic for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, low back pain, migraine, neuralgia, periarthritis of the shoulder, osteoarthritis, neck-shoulder-wrist syndrome, after surgery, trauma or Analgesia and/or anti-inflammatory after tooth extraction, acute upper respiratory tract inflammation, antipyretic and/or analgesia, the compound represented by formula (I), its racemate, stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate ⁇ , or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
  • the compound of the present invention can be administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition.
  • a pharmaceutical composition can be prepared in a manner well known in the pharmaceutical arts, and they can be administered by a variety of routes, depending on whether local or systemic treatment is required and the area being treated. It can be delivered locally (for example, transdermal, skin, eye, and mucous membranes including intranasal, vaginal and rectal delivery), lung (for example, by inhalation or insufflation of powder or aerosol, including through a nebulizer; intratracheal, intranasal), Oral or parenteral administration.
  • Parenteral administration includes intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection or infusion; or intracranial, such as intrathecal or intracerebroventricular administration. It can be administered parenterally in a single bolus dose, or it can be administered by, for example, a continuous infusion pump.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions and preparations for topical administration may include transdermal patches, ointments, lotions, creams, gels, drops, suppositories, sprays, liquids, fat emulsion injections, and powders. Conventional pharmaceutical carriers, water, powder or oily bases, thickeners, etc. may be necessary or required.
  • the active ingredient is usually mixed with excipients, diluted with excipients or filled into such carriers in the form of capsules, sachets, paper or other containers, for example.
  • excipient When the excipient is used as a diluent, it can be a solid, semi-solid, or liquid substance that serves as a vehicle, carrier, or medium for the active ingredient.
  • the composition may be in the following forms: tablets, pills, powders, capsules, injections, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, eye drops, syrups , Gels, ointments, aerosols (solid or dissolved in liquid vehicles) or cataplasms; ointments, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions and non-volatile Bacteria packaging powder.
  • excipients include lactose, glucose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starch, acacia, calcium phosphate, alginate, tragacanth, gelatin, calcium silicate, microcrystalline cellulose, poly Vinylpyrrolidone, cellulose, water, syrup and methylcellulose.
  • the preparation may also contain: lubricants such as talc, magnesium stearate and mineral oil; wetting agents; emulsifiers and suspending agents; preservatives such as methyl benzoate and hydroxypropyl benzoate; sweeteners and flavoring agents.
  • the composition of the present invention can be formulated by using methods known in the art to provide immediate release, sustained release, or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the patient.
  • composition can be formulated in a unit dosage form, each dosage containing about 5-1000 mg, more usually about 100-500 mg, of the active ingredient.
  • unit dosage form refers to a physically separated single dosage unit suitable for use in human patients and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined amount of activity that is mixed with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient and calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect. substance.
  • the effective dose of the active compound can be in a wide range, and is usually administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount. However, it is understood that the amount of the compound actually administered is usually determined by the physician according to the relevant circumstances, and they include the condition being treated, the route of administration selected, the actual compound administered; the age, weight, and response of the individual patient; the patient’s symptoms Severity etc.
  • the main active ingredient is mixed with pharmaceutical excipients to form a solid pre-formulation composition containing a homogeneous mixture of the compound of the present invention.
  • these pre-formulation compositions are referred to as homogeneous, it means that the active ingredients are usually evenly distributed throughout the composition, so that the composition can be easily divided into equally effective unit dosage forms such as tablets, pills, and capsules.
  • the solid pre-formulation is then divided into the aforementioned types of unit dosage forms containing, for example, about 0.1-1000 mg of the active ingredient of the present invention.
  • the tablet or pill of the present invention can be coated or compounded to obtain a dosage form that provides the advantage of long-acting action.
  • a tablet or pill contains an inner dose and an outer dose component, the latter being the film form of the former.
  • the two components can be separated by an enteric layer.
  • the enteric layer is used to prevent disintegration in the stomach, so that the inner component can pass through the duodenum intact or delay its release.
  • materials include a variety of polymer acids and mixtures of polymer acids with such materials such as shellac, cetyl alcohol and cellulose acetate.
  • liquid forms for oral or injection administration include aqueous solutions, appropriately flavored syrups, water or oil suspensions; and the use of edible oils such as cottonseed oil, sesame oil, medium Emulsion prepared from chain oil, coconut oil or peanut oil; and elixirs and similar medicinal vehicles.
  • the composition for inhalation or insufflation includes solutions, suspensions, and powders dissolved in pharmaceutically acceptable water or organic solvents or mixtures thereof.
  • the liquid or solid composition may contain suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients as described above.
  • the composition is administered via oral or nasal respiratory routes to achieve local or systemic effects.
  • the composition can be atomized by using an inert gas.
  • the atomized solution can be directly inhaled by the atomizing device, or the atomizing device can be connected with the mask drape or intermittent positive pressure breathing machine.
  • the solution, suspension, or powder composition can be administered orally or nasally from a device that delivers the formulation in an appropriate manner.
  • the amount of the compound or composition administered to the patient is not fixed, and depends on the drug administered, the purpose of administration, such as prevention or treatment; the state of the patient, the manner of administration, and the like.
  • the composition can be administered to patients who have already suffered from the disease in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially inhibit the symptoms of the disease and its complications.
  • the effective dose should depend on the condition of the disease to be treated and the judgment of the attending clinician, which depends on factors such as the severity of the disease, the age, weight and general condition of the patient.
  • composition administered to the patient may be in the form of the above-mentioned pharmaceutical composition.
  • These compositions can be sterilized by conventional sterilization techniques or filter sterilization.
  • the aqueous solution can be used as it is packaged, or lyophilized, and the lyophilized preparation is mixed with a sterile aqueous carrier before administration.
  • the pH of the compound preparation is usually 3-11, more preferably 5-9, most preferably 7-8. It is understood that the use of certain of the aforementioned excipients, carriers or stabilizers will result in the formation of pharmaceutical salts.
  • the therapeutic dose of the compound of the present invention may be determined based on, for example, the following: the specific use of the treatment, the manner of administration of the compound, the health and condition of the patient, and the judgment of the prescribing physician.
  • the ratio or concentration of the compound of the present invention in the pharmaceutical composition may not be fixed, depending on a variety of factors, including dosage, chemical properties (for example, hydrophobicity), and route of administration.
  • the compound of the present invention can be provided by a physiological buffer aqueous solution containing about 0.1-10% w/v of the compound for parenteral administration. Some typical dosage ranges are from about 1 ⁇ g/kg to about 1 g/kg body weight/day.
  • the dosage range is from about 0.01 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg body weight/day.
  • the dosage is likely to depend on such variables, such as the type and degree of development of the disease or disorder, the general health status of the specific patient, the relative biological efficacy of the selected compound, the excipient formulation and its route of administration.
  • the effective dose can be obtained by extrapolating the dose-response curve derived from the in vitro or animal model test system.
  • the present invention designs and prepares a series of ketorolac derivatives by derivatizing the carboxyl group of racemic ketorolac, which overcomes the ubiquitous short half-life, poor stability, irritation and compatibility of ketorolac. Aspects of the problem.
  • the in vitro plasma test shows that the compound of the present invention has good pharmacokinetic properties.
  • the physical and chemical stability of the compound itself is relatively high. For example, the purity of the compound remains basically unchanged in the high temperature test (60°C for 5-10 days) in which the influencing factors are investigated.
  • ketorolac The main pharmacological activity of ketorolac is derived from L-ketorolac.
  • the present invention uses L-ketorolac as a raw material to synthesize a (1S) configuration of L-ketorolac ester derivatives. Further experiments have found that ketorolac is derived When the left-handed corresponding isomer of the substance is placed in the oil phase for 30 days at different temperatures, the related substances and isomers can maintain high stability.
  • the side chain of a series of ketorolac derivatives prepared by the present invention contains a carbonate structure to improve the fat solubility. This structure helps to improve the absorption efficiency of the compound in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, thereby increasing the drug Bioavailability.
  • Figure 1 is the hydrogen spectrum of the compound N2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a hydrogen spectrum of compound N8 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a hydrogen spectrum of the compound N12 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a hydrogen spectrum of the compound N15 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a hydrogen spectrum of compound N16 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a broken line graph of the degradation rate of compound N2 of the present invention in human plasma.
  • Figure 7 is a broken line graph of the degradation rate of compound N8 of the present invention in human plasma.
  • Figure 8 is a broken line graph of the degradation rate of compound N12 of the present invention in human plasma.
  • Figure 9 is a broken line graph of the degradation rate of compound N15 of the present invention in human plasma.
  • Figure 10 is a liquid chromatogram of the degradation of compound N15 of the present invention in human plasma.
  • Figure 11 is a broken line graph of the degradation rate of compound N16 of the present invention in human plasma.
  • Figure 12 is a broken line graph of the degradation rate of compound N11 of the present invention in human plasma.
  • Figure 13 is a liquid chromatogram of the degradation of compound N11 of the present invention in human plasma.
  • Figure 14 is a broken line graph of the degradation rate of the compound PFA of the present invention in human plasma.
  • Figure 15 The experimental flow chart of the enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics of the compound of the present invention.
  • the numerical ranges described in this specification and claims are equivalent to recording at least each specific integer value therein.
  • the numerical range “1-40” is equivalent to recording each integer value in the numerical range “1-10", namely 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and the numerical range
  • Each integer value in “11-40” is 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, ..., 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40. It should be understood that among one, two or more of the substituents used herein, "more” shall refer to an integer ⁇ 3, such as 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10. .
  • a certain numerical range is defined as a "number”, it should be understood to record the two end points of the range, each integer in the range, and each decimal in the range.
  • a number from 0 to 10 should be understood as not only recording each integer of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, but also recording at least each of the integers. Sum with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9.
  • halogen means fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
  • C 1-40 alkyl should be understood to mean a linear or branched saturated monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms.
  • C 1-10 alkyl means straight and branched chain alkyl having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms
  • C 1-6 alkyl represents straight and branched chain alkyl groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
  • the alkyl group is, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1-methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, neopentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 4-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl Group, 2-methylpentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, etc. or their isomers.
  • C 2-40 alkenyl should be understood to preferably mean a straight or branched monovalent hydrocarbon group, which contains one or more double bonds and has 2 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably “C 2-10 alkenyl” .
  • C 2-10 alkenyl should be understood to preferably mean a straight or branched monovalent hydrocarbon group, which contains one or more double bonds and has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10
  • One carbon atom for example, has 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms (ie, C 2-6 alkenyl), and has 2 or 3 carbon atoms (ie, C 2-3 alkenyl). It should be understood that where the alkenyl group contains more than one double bond, the double bonds may be separated from each other or conjugated.
  • the alkenyl group is, for example, vinyl, allyl, (E)-2-methylvinyl, (Z)-2-methylvinyl, (E)-but-2-enyl, (Z)- But-2-enyl, (E)-but-1-enyl, (Z)-but-1-enyl, pent-4-enyl, (E)-pent-3-enyl, (Z) -Pent-3-enyl, (E)-pent-2-enyl, (Z)-pent-2-enyl, (E)-pent-1-enyl, (Z)-pent-1-ene Group, hex-5-enyl, (E)-hex-4-enyl, (Z)-hex-4-enyl, (E)-hex-3-enyl, (Z)-hex-3- Alkenyl, (E)-hex-2-enyl, (Z)-hex-2-enyl, (E)-hex-1-eny
  • C 2-40 alkynyl should be understood to mean a straight or branched monovalent hydrocarbon group, which contains one or more triple bonds and has 2-40 carbon atoms, preferably "C 2-10 alkynyl".
  • C 2-10 alkynyl should be understood to preferably mean a straight-chain or branched monovalent hydrocarbon group, which contains one or more triple bonds and has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms, for example, having 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms (ie, "C 2-6 alkynyl"), having 2 or 3 carbon atoms ("C 2-3 alkynyl” ).
  • the alkynyl group is, for example, ethynyl, prop-1-ynyl, prop-2-ynyl, but-1-ynyl, but-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl, pent-1-ynyl , Pent-2-ynyl, pent-3-ynyl, pent-4-ynyl, hex-1-ynyl, hex-2-ynyl, hex-3-ynyl, hex-4-ynyl, Hex-5-ynyl, 1-methylprop-2-ynyl, 2-methylbut-3-ynyl, 1-methylbut-3-ynyl, 1-methylbut-2-ynyl , 3-methylbut-1-ynyl, 1-ethylprop-2-ynyl, 3-methylpent-4-ynyl, 2-methylpent-4-ynyl, 1-methylpentyl -4-ynyl, 2-methylpent-3-yn
  • C 3-40 cycloalkyl should be understood to mean a saturated monovalent monocyclic, bicyclic hydrocarbon ring or bridged cycloalkane, which has 3 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably "C 3-10 cycloalkyl".
  • C 3-10 cycloalkyl should be understood to mean a saturated monovalent monocyclic, bicyclic hydrocarbon ring or bridged cycloalkane having 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms.
  • the C 3-10 cycloalkyl group may be a monocyclic hydrocarbon group, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl or cyclodecyl, or a bicyclic Hydrocarbyl such as decalin ring.
  • 3-20 membered heterocyclic group means a saturated monovalent monocyclic, bicyclic hydrocarbon ring or bridged cycloalkane, which contains a total number of ring atoms of 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S It is a non-aromatic cyclic group of 3-20 (such as 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.), preferably "3-10 membered heterocyclic group”.
  • 3-10 membered heterocyclic group means a saturated monovalent monocyclic, bicyclic hydrocarbon ring or bridged cycloalkane, which contains 1-5, preferably 1-3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S.
  • the heterocyclic group may be connected to the rest of the molecule through any of the carbon atoms or the nitrogen atom (if present).
  • the heterocyclic group may include but is not limited to: 4-membered ring, such as azetidinyl, oxetanyl; 5-membered ring, such as tetrahydrofuranyl, dioxolyl, pyrrole Alkyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrrolinyl; or 6-membered ring, such as tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, dithiaalkyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl Or trithiaalkyl; or a 7-membered ring, such as diazeppanyl.
  • the heterocyclic group may be benzo-fused.
  • the heterocyclic group may be bicyclic, such as but not limited to 5,5 membered ring, such as pyrrolazine, hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-2(1H)-yl ring, or 5,6 membered bicyclic ring, such as Hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2(1H)-yl ring.
  • the ring containing nitrogen atoms may be partially unsaturated, that is, it may contain one or more double bonds, such as but not limited to 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolyl, 4H-[1,3,4]thiadi Azinyl, 4,5-dihydrooxazolyl or 4H-[1,4]thiazinyl, or it may be benzo-fused, such as but not limited to dihydroisoquinolinyl.
  • the heterocyclic group is non-aromatic.
  • the carbon atom of the 3-20 membered heterocyclic group may be connected to the other group, or it may be a 3-20 membered heterocyclic group.
  • the heterocyclic atom on the ring is connected to other groups.
  • the nitrogen atom on the piperazinyl group may be connected to other groups.
  • the 3-20 membered heterocyclic group is selected from piperidinyl, it may be that the nitrogen atom on the piperidinyl ring and the carbon atom in the para position are connected to other groups.
  • C 6-20 aryl should be understood to preferably mean a monovalent aromatic or partially aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon ring with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably “C 6-14 aryl” .
  • the term “C 6-14 aryl” should be understood as preferably meaning a monocyclic, bicyclic or partially aromatic monocyclic or partially aromatic monocyclic or partially aromatic having 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 carbon atoms Tricyclic hydrocarbon ring (“C 6-14 aryl”), especially a ring having 6 carbon atoms (“C 6 aryl”), such as phenyl; or biphenyl, or one with 9 carbon atoms Ring (“C 9 aryl”), such as indanyl or indenyl, or a ring with 10 carbon atoms (“C 10 aryl”), such as tetrahydronaphthyl, dihydronaphthyl or naphthyl, Either a ring having 13 carbon atom
  • 5-20 membered heteroaryl should be understood to include such a monovalent monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic ring system which has 5-20 ring atoms and contains 1-5 independently selected from N, O And S heteroatoms, such as "5-14 membered heteroaryl".
  • the term “5-14 membered heteroaryl” should be understood to include monovalent monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic ring systems having 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 ring atoms, especially 5 or 6 or 9 or 10 carbon atoms, and it contains 1-5, preferably 1-3 heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S and, in addition, in each case The bottom can be benzo-fused.
  • the heteroaryl group is selected from the group consisting of thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thio Diazolyl, thio-4H-pyrazolyl, etc.
  • the carbon atom on the 5-20 membered heteroaryl ring may be connected to the other group, or it may be a 5-20 membered heterocyclic group.
  • the heteroatoms on the aryl ring are connected to other groups.
  • the 5-20 membered heteroaryl group When the 5-20 membered heteroaryl group is substituted, it may be mono-substituted or multi-substituted. In addition, there is no restriction on the substitution position.
  • the hydrogen connected to the carbon atom on the heteroaryl ring may be substituted, or the hydrogen connected to the heteroatom on the heteroaryl ring may be substituted.
  • heterocyclic group, heteroaryl group or heteroarylene group includes all possible isomeric forms thereof, such as positional isomers thereof. Therefore, for some illustrative non-limiting examples, it can be included in its 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, 12 -Position etc.
  • pyridin-2-yl pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, Pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl and pyridin-4-yl
  • thienyl or thiophene include thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-3-yl and thiophene-3 -Base
  • pyrazol-1-yl pyrazol-3-yl, pyrazol-4-yl, pyrazol-5-yl.
  • C 1-40 cycloalkyl is also applicable to C 1-40 cycloalkyloxy.
  • the compound represented by formula (I) may exist in the form of various pharmaceutically acceptable salts. If these compounds have basic centers, they can form acid addition salts; if these compounds have acid centers, they can form base addition salts; if these compounds contain both acidic centers (such as carboxyl groups) and basic centers ( For example, amino), it can also form internal salts.
  • Acid addition salts include, but are not limited to: hydrochloride, hydrofluoride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, pyrosulfate, phosphate, nitrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate , 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, toluenesulfonate, sulfamate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, formate, acetoacetic acid, pyruvic acid, lauric acid, cinnamate, Benzoate, Acetate, Glycolate, Trifluoroacetate, Trimethylacetate, Propionate, Butyrate, Caproate, Heptanoate, Undecanoate, Hard Fatty acid salt, ascorbate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, fumarate, malate, maleate, hydroxymaleate, oxalate,
  • the compound of the present invention may exist in the form of a solvate (such as a hydrate), wherein the compound of the present invention contains a polar solvent as a structural element of the compound's crystal lattice, especially, for example, water, methanol or ethanol.
  • a polar solvent as a structural element of the compound's crystal lattice, especially, for example, water, methanol or ethanol.
  • the amount of polar solvent, especially water can be present in a stoichiometric ratio or a non-stoichiometric ratio.
  • the compound of the present invention may be chiral, and therefore may exist in various enantiomeric forms. Therefore, these compounds may exist in racemate form or optically active form.
  • the compounds of the present invention or intermediates thereof can be separated into enantiomeric compounds by chemical or physical methods known to those skilled in the art, or used in synthesis in this form. In the case of racemic amines, diastereomers are prepared from the mixture by reaction with optically active resolving reagents.
  • Suitable resolution reagents are optically active acids, such as R and S forms of tartaric acid, diacetyltartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, appropriate N-protected amino acids (e.g., N- Benzoyl proline or N-benzenesulfonyl proline) or various optically active camphor sulfonic acids.
  • optically active resolving reagents such as dinitrobenzoylphenylglycine, cellulose triacetate or other carbohydrate derivatives or chiral derivatized methacrylate polymers
  • Suitable eluents for this purpose are aqueous or alcohol-containing solvent mixtures, for example, hexane/isopropanol/acetonitrile.
  • the corresponding stable isomers can be separated according to known methods, such as extraction, filtration or column chromatography.
  • the term "leaving group” refers to an atom or group of atoms that is substituted into a stable substance in a chemical reaction and carries a bound electron to leave.
  • the leaving group is selected from: halogen (such as chlorine, bromine or iodine), hydroxy, halogenated C 1-40 alkyl, methanesulfonyloxy, p-toluenesulfonyloxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy Group, nonafluorobutanesulfonyloxy, (4-bromobenzene)sulfonyloxy, (4-nitrobenzene)sulfonyloxy, (2-nitrobenzene)sulfonyloxy, (4-isopropyl Benzene)sulfonyloxy, (2,4,6-triisopropylbenzene)sulfonyloxy, (2,4,6-trimethylbenzene)sulfonyloxy, (4-ter
  • patient refers to any animal including mammals, preferably mice, rats, other rodents, rabbits, dogs, cats, pigs, cows, sheep, horses or primates, and most preferably humans.
  • terapéuticaally effective amount refers to the amount of an active compound or drug that causes a biological or medical response that researchers, veterinarians, physicians or other clinicians are looking for in tissues, systems, animals, individuals or humans, and it includes the following: One or more: (1) Prevention of disease: for example, prevention of disease, disorder or disease in individuals who are susceptible to infection with disease, disorder, or disease but who have not experienced or exhibited disease pathology or symptoms. (2) Inhibiting disease: for example, inhibiting the disease, disorder or condition (ie, preventing the further development of the pathology and/or symptoms) in an individual who is experiencing or experiencing the pathology or symptoms of the disease, disorder or condition. (3) Alleviation of disease: for example, alleviation of the disease, disorder, or condition (ie, reversal of the pathology and/or symptoms) in an individual who is experiencing or experiencing the pathology or symptoms of the disease, disorder, or condition.
  • the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available products, or can be prepared by known methods.
  • the reaction solution was lowered to room temperature, 10ml water and 10ml DCM were added to the reaction flask, and the layers were separated.
  • the DCM layer was washed twice with 5% NaHCO 3 aqueous solution to pH ⁇ 9, washed with water, washed with saturated brine, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. , Concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 2.4 g of light yellow oily substance, which is the crude product of 1-chloroethyl isobutyrate, proceed directly to the next reaction without further purification;
  • the DCM layer was washed twice with 5% NaHCO 3 aqueous solution to pH ⁇ 9, washed with water, washed with saturated brine, and dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. , Concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 2.19 g of light yellow oil, which is the crude product of 1-chloroethyl pivalate, and proceed directly to the next reaction without further purification;
  • ketorolac 2.0g, 7.83mmol
  • DBU 2.38g, 15.63mmol
  • 1-chloroethylethyl Carbonate (1.79g, 11.73mmol) was added to the above reaction flask, and the reaction was heated to 40°C for 2h.
  • KI 1.3 g, 7.83 mmol
  • TBAB TBAB (0.51 g, 1.58 mmol
  • Resynthesize 1-chloropropyl ethyl carbonate Weigh 1-chloropropyl chloroformate (1.0g, 6.38mmol) into a dry two-necked reaction flask, add 10ml anhydrous DCM and stir continuously, weigh out ethanol (0.44g, 9.55mmol) was added to the above-mentioned reaction flask, the reaction flask was moved to an ice-water bath and kept stirring, pyridine (0.63g, 7.96mmol) was weighed and slowly added to the above-mentioned reaction flask, white appeared during the dropping process After dropping the solid, move the reaction flask to room temperature and react for 1 hour.
  • Resynthesize 1-chloroisobutyl methyl carbonate Weigh 1-chloroisobutyl chloroformate (2.00g, 11.7mmol) into a dry two-necked reaction flask, add 10ml anhydrous DCM and stir continuously, weigh out methanol (0.57g, 17.84mmol) was added to the above-mentioned reaction flask, the reaction flask was moved to an ice-water bath and kept stirring, pyridine (1.12g, 14.16mmol) was weighed out and slowly added to the above-mentioned reaction flask, a white color appeared during the dropping process After dropping the solid, move the reaction flask to room temperature and react for 1 hour.
  • compound N17 was synthesized: refer to the foregoing; weigh ketorolac (0.792g, 3.10mmol) in a dry single-necked reaction flask, add 10 ml of acetone and stir to dissolve, add DBU (0.96g, 6.3mmol) and just prepared 1 -Chloropropyl methyl carbonate (0.775g, 4.67mmol), move the reaction to 40°C for 1h, add KI (0.516g, 3.13mmol) and TBAB (0.204g, 0.624mmol), continue to keep the temperature for 2 ⁇ 6h. DCM and water were added to the reaction to separate the layers.
  • Resynthesize 1-chloroisobutyl ethyl carbonate Weigh 1-chloroisobutyl chloroformate (1.00g, 5.85mmol) into a dry two-necked reaction flask, add 10ml anhydrous DCM and stir continuously, weigh Take ethanol (0.29g, 8.92mmol) into the above reaction flask, move the reaction flask to an ice water bath and stir constantly, weigh pyridine (0.56g, 7.08mmol) and slowly add it to the above reaction flask, dripping process A white solid appeared, after dripping, the reaction flask was moved to room temperature and reacted for 1 hour. Add 10 ml of water to the reaction flask and separate the layers.
  • compound N18 was synthesized: refer to the foregoing; weigh ketorolac (0.66g, 2.59mmol) in a dry single-necked reaction flask, add 10ml of acetone and stir to dissolve, add DBU (0.8g, 5.25mmol) and just prepared 1- 0.67 g of chloroisobutyl ethyl carbonate, the reaction was moved to 40°C for 1 h, KI (0.43 g, 2.61 mmol) and TBAB (0.17 g, 0.52 mmol) were added, and the reaction was kept for 2-6 h. DCM and water were added to the reaction, and the layers were separated.
  • the temperature of the cold trap is set to -2°C, and the reaction is continued for 20h.
  • compound N19 was synthesized: Weigh ketorolac (0.66g, 2.59mmol) in a dry single-necked reaction flask, add 10ml of acetone and stir to dissolve, add DBU (0.80g, 5.25mmol) and the newly prepared 1-chloroisobutyl isopropyl Propyl carbonate 0.65g, the reaction was moved to 40°C for 1h, KI (0.43g, 2.61mmol) and TBAB (0.17g, 0.52mmol) were added, and the reaction was kept for 2-6h. DCM and water were added to the reaction, and the layers were separated.
  • reaction flask containing the KOH aqueous solution Connect the reaction flask containing the KOH aqueous solution with a water pump for 5 minutes of gas extraction, then remove the reaction flask from the cold trap, concentrate under reduced pressure to remove DCM, and then distill to obtain 2.01 g of a colorless to pale yellow oil with a yield of 75.3%.
  • the temperature of the cold trap is set to -2°C, and the reaction is continued for 20 hours. Connect the reaction flask containing the KOH aqueous solution with a water pump for 5 minutes, then remove the reaction flask from the cold trap, concentrate under reduced pressure to remove DCM, and then distill to obtain 3.82g of a colorless to light yellow oil with a yield of 71.5% .
  • Ketorolac chloride A Weigh ketorolac (1.0g, 3.92mmol) in 50ml of two pre-dried reaction flask, addition of anhydrous DCM10ml, with constant stirring the reaction vessel was replaced twice with N 2, the shift reaction flask Stir continuously under ice bath conditions, add 5 drops of DMF, and then slowly add oxalyl chloride (0.746 g, 5.88 mmol) to the reaction flask, and keep the ice bath to react for 2 hours. The reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to obtain 0.92 g of a yellow oil, which was directly carried out to the next step without further purification;
  • ketorolac derivative represented by compound N21 whose side chain is selected from aliphatic chains, is used as a reference compound for the compound of the present invention.
  • the marketed drug flurbiprofen axetil was purchased as a reference compound for the compound of the present invention.
  • Test protocol Place the compound prepared by the present invention in a colorless transparent vial, and place it under high temperature (60°C) shading. Samples were taken at 0, 5, and 10 days to determine the purity of the compound and related substances (ketorole). The results are shown in Table 1:
  • Test protocol Dissolve the compounds (N2(S), N12(S), N15(S), N16(S)) in medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), respectively, and place the resulting samples at 5°C, 25°C Keep samples at 60°C and take samples at 0 days, 5 days, 15 days, and 30 days to determine the purity of the compound, the changes of related substances (ketorolac) and isomers (dextrorotation).
  • MCT medium-chain triglycerides
  • Test method Prepare samples according to Table 2. Each sample is divided into 10 bottles according to the stakeout volume, and the samples are staked according to Table 3.
  • Chromatographic column is Agilent ZORBAX SB-C8, 4.6mm ⁇ 250mm, 5 ⁇ m, with 0.1% phosphoric acid solution-acetonitrile (50:50) as mobile phase; detection wavelength is 310nm; flow rate is 1.0ml per minute; column temperature At 40°C, perform linear gradient elution according to the following table;
  • (2)Measurement method take an appropriate amount of this product, accurately weigh it, add diluent [absolute ethanol] to dissolve and dilute quantitatively to make a solution containing about 0.4mg per 1ml, vortex for 30s, use PTFE filter membrane (0.22 ⁇ m, Jin Teng) filter, and take the subsequent filtrate as the test solution. Precisely measure 10 ⁇ l into the liquid chromatograph and record the chromatogram; if there is an impurity peak in the chromatogram of the test solution, calculate it according to the peak area normalization method.
  • the isomers are determined in accordance with high performance liquid chromatography (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 Edition General Rules 0512).
  • Chromatographic conditions use cellulose-tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) silica gel as filler (Chiralcel OD-H, 250 ⁇ 4.6mm, 5 ⁇ m); use n-hexane-isopropanol ( 90:10) is the mobile phase, isocratic elution is about 25min, flow rate is 1.0ml per minute; column temperature is 35°C; detection wavelength is 310nm.
  • Test Example 3 Enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics experiment of the compound in plasma
  • ketorolac stock solution 25 ⁇ L of ketorolac stock solution with 1 mL of human plasma, vortex for 30 seconds, sample 200 ⁇ L, add 800 ⁇ L of acetonitrile to precipitate the protein, and vortex for 1 min to terminate the reaction as a ketorolac control;
  • the half-life of the compounds required by the present invention is less than FPA, indicating that they can be rapidly degraded in human plasma and produce the active metabolite ketorolac, thereby exerting corresponding physiological effects.
  • N17 Isobutyraldehyde, methanol Isobutyraldehyde and methanol are more toxic N18 Isobutyraldehyde, ethanol Isobutyraldehyde is more toxic N19 Isobutyraldehyde, isopropanol Isobutyraldehyde is more toxic N20 Propionaldehyde, cyclohexanol Smaller N21 Isobutyraldehyde, cyclohexanol Isobutyraldehyde is more toxic N22 Acetaldehyde Smaller
  • the toxicity of the by-products of this series of compounds after metabolism in the human body is relatively small, especially the compounds N2, N3, N4, N8, N10, N12, N15, N16, N20, N21, N22, which have better drugs Clinical application prospects.
  • Compounds N2, N8, N12, N15, N16 and their levorotatory enantiomers that is, the isomers with the S configuration at the 1st carbon, not only the by-products after metabolism in the human body are less toxic, but also have faster metabolism
  • the rate is more suitable for the development of injection preparations, and the mode of administration can be selected from: subcutaneous injection, intramuscular injection, intravenous bolus injection, intravenous drip and so on.
  • compounds N10, N20, N21, N22 and their levorotatory enantiomers that is, the isomers with the S configuration at the 1st carbon, the by-products after metabolism in the human body are less toxic, and at the same time have a slow metabolic rate , More suitable for the development of long-acting sustained-release preparations.

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Abstract

提供了式(I)所示的酮咯酸衍生物、药物组合物及其制备方法和应用。该酮咯酸衍生物作为药物，具有更好的半衰期、稳定性，同时具有良好的药代动力学性质，体外稳定性较高，作为制剂能够起到增效减毒的作用。较好的改善了传统酮咯酸制剂存在给药频繁、胃肠道副作用、顺应性差等缺陷。

Description

一种酮咯酸衍生物、药物组合物及其制备方法和应用
本申请要求享有申请人于2020年6月24日向中国国家知识产权局提交的，专利申请号为202010591411.8，发明名称为“一种酮咯酸衍生物、药物组合物及其制备方法和应用”的在先申请的优先权。该在先申请的全文通过引用的方式结合于本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种酮咯酸衍生物、药物组合物及其制备方法和应用，属于药物化学领域。
背景技术
酮咯酸为吡咯烷羧酸衍生物，化学结构和药理作用与托美汀、佐美酸和吲哚美辛相似，属于非甾体类抗炎药。主要通过抑制环氧化酶(COX)，从而减少前列腺素的合成和释放而产生抗炎作用。前列腺素的减少可以减低神经纤维对伤害性刺激的敏感性，从而起到镇痛、抗炎和退热的效果。酮咯酸的镇痛活性较强，是吗啡的0.4倍，阿司匹林的800倍，吲哚美辛的60倍。与阿片类镇痛剂相比，酮咯酸具有起效快、无成瘾性、无中枢神经系统损害、无呼吸抑制作用或便秘等不良反应、作用时间长的优点。与吗啡合用，可降低吗啡用量，减少吗啡带来的不良反应和成瘾性。
酮咯酸口服和肌肉注射吸收迅速，血浆有效治疗浓度为0.3～5μg/L，血药浓度峰浓度时间为20～60min，生物利用度为80％～100％；与血浆蛋白结合率＞99％，分布容积为0.1～0.3L/kg、总清除率为0.03L·kg -1·h -1；不易透过血-脑脊液屏障；主要与肝葡糖醛酸结合和羟基化代谢，消除半衰期为4～6h，其中老年患者为6～7h，肾功能不全者为9～10h；约90％原药和代谢物随尿排出。说明酮咯酸具有起效浓度低，镇痛活性高的优点。但传统的注射与口服给药方式存在消除速率过快，镇痛时间短等缺点。
酮咯酸水溶性差，为了改善酮咯酸的水溶性，满足注射与口服的要求，使酮咯酸在体液及胃肠道内快速起效，通常将其制备成酮咯酸氨丁三醇盐。酮咯酸氨丁三醇由美国syntex公司开发上市，主要有口服(10mg/次)给药和注射(30mg/次)给药制剂，如胶囊、注射液等。传统的酮咯酸氨丁三醇口服与注射制剂存在给药频繁、非甾体类药物所共有的胃肠道副作用、顺应性差等缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种酮咯酸衍生物、药物组合物及其制备方法和应用。
本发明主要是通过如下技术方案实现的：
本发明的目的之一是提供了一类酮咯酸衍生物，即式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物，
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000001
其中，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氢、C 1-40烷基、C 2-40烯基、C 2-40炔基、C 1-40烷氧基、C 3-40环烷基、C 3-40环烷基氧基、3-20元杂环基、未取代或被Ra取代的C 6-20芳基、未取代或被Ra取代的5-20元杂芳基或被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的3-20元杂环基；每个Ra相同或不同，彼此独立地选自卤素、C 1-40烷基、C 1-40烷氧基、C 6-20芳基酰基。
其中，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氢、C 1-40烷基、C 2-40烯基、C 2-40炔基、C 1-40烷氧基、C 3-40环烷基、C 3-40环烷基氧基、3-20元杂环基、C 6-20芳基、5-20元杂芳基或被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的3-20元杂环基；每个Ra相同或不同，彼此独立地选自卤素、C 1-40烷基、C 1-40烷氧基、C 6-20芳基酰基。
根据本发明的实施方案，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氢、C 1-20烷基、C 2-20烯基、C 2-20炔基、C 1-20烷氧基、C 3-20环烷基、C 3-20环烷基氧基、5-10元杂环基、未取代或被Ra取代的C 6-14芳基、未取代或被Ra取代的5-14元杂芳基、或被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的5-14元杂环基；每个Ra相同或不同，彼此独立地选自卤素、C 1-20烷基、C 1-20烷氧基、C 6-20芳基酰基。根据本发明的实施方案，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氢、C 1-20烷基、C 2-20烯基、C 2-20炔基、C 1-20烷氧基、C 3-20环烷基、C 3-20环烷基氧基、5-10元杂环基、C 6-14芳基、5-14元杂芳基、或被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的5-14元杂环基；每个Ra相同或不同，彼此独立地选自卤素、C 1-20烷基、C 1-20烷氧基、C 6-20芳基酰基。
根据本发明的实施方案，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氢、C 1-8烷基、C 2-8烯基、C 2-8炔基、C 1-8烷氧基、C 3-8环烷基、C 3-8环烷基氧基、5-10元杂环基、未取代或被Ra取代的C 6-10芳基、未取代或被Ra取代的5-10元杂芳基、或被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的5-10元杂环基；每个Ra相同或不同，彼此独立地选自C 6-10芳基酰基；
根据本发明的实施方案，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氢、C 1-8烷基、C 2-8烯基、C 2-8炔基、C 1-8烷氧基、C 3-8环烷基、C 3-8环烷基氧基、5-10元杂环基、C 6-10芳基、5-10元杂芳基、或被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的5-10元杂环基；每个Ra相同或不同，彼此独立地选自C 6-10芳基酰基；
根据本发明的实施方案，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氢、C 1-6烷基、C 2-6烯基、C 2-6炔基、C 1-6烷氧基、C 3-6环烷基、C 3-6环烷基氧基、5-8元杂环基、未取代或被Ra取代的C 6-8芳基、未取代或被Ra取代的5-8元杂芳基、或被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的5-8元杂环基；每个Ra相同或不同，彼此独立地选自C 6-10芳基酰基，例如苯酰基；
根据本发明的实施方案，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氢、C 1-6烷基、C 2-6烯基、C 2-6炔基、C 1-6烷氧基、C 3-6环烷基、C 3-6环烷基氧基、5-8元杂环基、C 6-8芳基、5-8元杂芳基、或被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的5-8元杂环基；每个Ra相同或不同，彼此独立地选自C 6-10芳基酰基，例如苯酰基；
根据本发明的实施方案，R 1选自氢、甲基、乙基、异丙基、异丁基、叔丁基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基；R 2选自氢、甲基、乙基、异丙基、异丁基、叔丁基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基；R 3选自甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、异丁基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙 氧基、叔丁氧基、异丁氧基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己基氧基或
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000002
表示连接位点。
根据本发明的实施方案，式(I)所示化合物优选自以下结构：
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000003
根据本发明的实施方案，式(I)所示化合物更优选自化合物N2、N3、N4、N8、N10、N12、N15、N16、N20、N21、N22、和选自以下结构的左旋对映异构体，即1位碳是S构型的异构体：
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000004
本发明人发现，式(I)所示的具体化合物，在人体内代谢的途径为：
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000005
其中，R 1、R 2和R 3均独立地具有上文所述的定义；
当R 3选自C 1-40烷氧基、C 3-40环烷基氧基时，例如甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基、叔丁氧基、异丁氧基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己基氧基时，可代谢产生R 3H，R 3H又可进一步经醇脱氢酶和醛脱氢酶最终代谢为
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000006
(R 3中的C原子通过双键与O连接)，即：
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000007
本发明的目的之二是提供了一类式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的制备方法，所述方法包括，将下述化合物1和化合物2反应得到式(I)所示化合物：
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000008
其中，R 1、R 2和R 3均独立地具有上文所述的定义；
L选自离去基团，如卤素、羟基；
化合物1选自消旋的、R构型或S构型的酮咯酸，即选自(±)-5-苯甲酰基-2,3-二氢-1H-吡咯嗪-1-羧酸、(R)-5-苯甲酰基-2,3-二氢-1H-吡咯嗪-1-羧酸或(S)-5-苯甲酰基-2,3-二氢-1H-吡咯嗪-1-羧酸；
根据本发明的实施方案，所述化合物2选自如下化合物3或化合物4：
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000009
其中，R 1、R 2和R 3均独立地具有上文所述的定义；
X选自氯、溴或碘。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述制备方法可以在有机溶剂的存在下进行；例如，所述有机溶剂可以选自下列的至少一种：丙酮、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺，醚类，如乙基丙基醚、正丁基醚、苯甲醚、苯乙醚、环己基甲基醚、二甲基醚、二乙基醚、二甲基乙二醇、联苯醚、二丙基醚、二异丙基醚、二正丁基醚、二异丁基醚、二异戊基醚、乙二醇二甲基醚、异丙基乙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、二氯二乙基醚、以及环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的聚醚；脂肪族、环脂肪族或芳香族烃类，如戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、壬烷，以及可能被氟和氯原子取代的类，如亚甲基氯化物、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、氟苯、氯苯或二氯苯；环己烷、甲基环己烷、石油醚、辛烷、苯、甲苯、氯苯、溴苯、二甲苯；酯类如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯及碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二丁酯或碳酸乙烯酯。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述制备方法可以在缚酸剂，如碱的存在下进行。所述的碱可以为有机碱或无机碱。例如，所述无机碱可以选自下列的至少一种：碱金属或碱土金属的氢化物、氢氧化物、醇盐、醋酸盐、氟化物、磷酸盐、碳酸盐及碳酸氢盐。优选的碱是氨基钠、氢化钠、二异丙基氨基锂、甲醇钠、叔丁醇钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、醋酸钠、磷酸钠、磷酸钾、氟化钾、氟化铯、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钠及碳酸铯；所述有机碱可以选自下列的至少一种：叔胺、被取代或未被取代的吡啶类及被取代或未被取代的三乙胺、三甲胺、N,N-二异丙基乙基胺、三正丙胺、三正丁胺、三正己胺、三环己胺、N-甲基环己胺、N-甲基吡咯烷、N-甲基哌啶、N-乙基哌啶、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N-甲基吗啉、吡啶、2,3-或4-甲基吡啶、2-甲基-5-乙基吡啶、2,6-二甲基吡啶、2,4,6-三甲基吡啶、4-二甲基氨基吡啶、喹啉、甲基喹啉、N,N,N,N- 四甲基乙二胺、N,N-二甲基-1,4-二氮杂环己烷，、N,N-二乙基-1,4-二氮杂环己烷、1,8-双(二甲氨基)萘、二氮杂二环辛烷(DABCO)、二氮杂二环壬烷(DBN)、二氮杂二环十一烷(DBU)、丁基咪唑及甲基咪唑。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述制备方法可以在催化剂，例如相转移催化剂的存在下进行；所述催化剂可以选自四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)、四丁基氯化铵(TBAC)、四丁基碘化铵(TBAI)、碘化钾、碘化钠或18-冠-6醚。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述制备方法的反应温度为-5～80℃，例如为0～50℃，示例性为10℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、40℃；
根据本发明的实施方案，所述制备方法的反应时间为0.5～24h，例如为1～12h，示例性为1h、2h、3h、4h、5h、6h。
本发明提供了化合物3的制备方法，包括将化合物3-1与化合物3-2反应得到化合物3；
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000010
其中，X选自氯、溴或碘；R 1、R 2和R 3具有上文所述的定义。
根据本发明实施方案，所述制备方法可以在催化剂存在下进行；所述催化剂可以为氯化锌；
根据本发明的实施方案，所述制备方法可以在溶剂存在下进行；所述溶剂可以选自丙酮、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳和乙醚中的至少一种；
根据本发明的实施方案，所述制备方法的反应温度为-5～80℃，例如为20～60℃；
根据本发明的实施方案，所述制备方法的反应时间为1～8h，例如为2～6h。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述制备方法还包括后处理步骤。如将反应液浓缩除去溶剂、洗涤、浓缩或蒸馏得到化合物3。
本发明还提供了化合物4的制备方法，包括以下反应步骤：
当化合物4结构中的X为氯或碘时，其合成方法为：
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000011
a)化合物4-1与三光气反应，得到氯甲酸酯形式的化合物4-2；
b)化合物4-2与醇R 3-OH反应得到氯代有机碳酸酯，即化合物4(X＝Cl)；
c)将化合物4(X＝Cl)与NaI反应，得到碘代有机碳酸酯，即化合物4(X＝I)；
当化合物4结构中的X为溴时，其合成方法为：
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000012
化合物4-3(有机碳酸二酯)与二溴海因反应得到溴代有机碳酸酯，即化合物4(X＝Br)；
其中，R 1、R 2和R 3具有上文所述的定义。
根据本发明的实施方案，步骤a)和步骤b)中所述反应可以在溶剂存在下进行；所述溶剂选自丙酮、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳和乙醚中的至少一种；
根据本发明的实施方案，步骤a)和步骤b)中所述反应可以在缚酸剂，如碱存在下进行；所述缚酸剂可以选自吡啶、三乙胺、DIEA、DBU、NaOH、KOH、K 2CO 3、KHCO 3、NaCO 3和NaHCO 3中的至少一种。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述制备方法的反应时间为0.5～3h，例如为1～2h。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述步骤a)中，将化合物4-1在低温环境中且在N 2保护下进行反应。进一步地，还包括减压抽气(抽除的气体经碱液吸收)残留液于室温下减压浓缩除去溶剂，然后通过蒸馏方法得到化合物4-2的步骤。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述步骤b)中，将化合物4-2在无水无氧的溶剂条件下与醇反应。优选地，置于冰浴条件下，向其中加入缚酸剂进而获得化合物4。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述方法还包括后处理步骤。如将反应液洗涤、干燥、减压浓缩后得到化合物4。
本发明的目的之三是提供了式(I)所示化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物在制备非甾体抗炎药物中的应用。
根据本发明，所述药物可以用于治疗类风湿关节炎、腰痛症、偏头痛、神经痛、肩关节周围炎、骨性关节炎，颈肩腕综合征的消炎和/或镇痛，手术后、外伤后或拔牙后的镇痛和/或消炎，急性上呼吸道炎解热和/或镇痛。
本发明目的之四是提供含有式(I)所示化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物的药物组合物。
本发明还提供一种药物组合物，其包含治疗有效量的式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述药物组合物还包括一种或多种药学上可接受的辅料。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述药物组合物为制剂形式。进一步地，所述制剂为口服制剂，如片剂、胶囊剂、注射剂、滴眼液、滴鼻剂、喷雾剂、凝胶剂、乳膏剂、软膏剂或巴布剂等。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述药物组合物还可以进一步含有一种或多种额外的治疗剂。
本发明还提供治疗类风湿关节炎、腰痛症、偏头痛、神经痛、肩关节周围炎、骨性关节炎、颈肩腕综 合征的消炎和/或镇痛，手术后、外伤后或拔牙后的镇痛和/或消炎，急性上呼吸道炎解热和/或镇痛的方法，包括给予患者预防或治疗有效量的式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物中的至少一种。
在一些实施方案中，所述患者是人。
本发明还提供用于治疗类风湿关节炎、腰痛症、偏头痛、神经痛、肩关节周围炎、骨性关节炎、颈肩腕综合征的消炎和/或镇痛，手术后、外伤后或拔牙后的镇痛和/或消炎，急性上呼吸道炎解热和/或镇痛的式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物，或其药物组合物。
作为药物时，可按药物组合物的形式给予本发明化合物。可按药剂领域中熟知的方式制备这些组合物，可通过多种途径给予它们，这取决于是否需要局部或全身治疗和所治疗的区域。可局部(例如，透皮、皮肤、眼和粘膜包括鼻内、阴道和直肠递药)、肺(例如，通过吸入或吹入粉末或气雾剂，包括通过喷雾器；气管内、鼻内)、口服或肠胃外给药。肠胃外给药包括静脉内、动脉内、皮下、腹膜内或肌内注射或输注；或颅内例如鞘内或脑室内给药。可按单次大剂量形式肠胃外给药，或可通过例如连续灌注泵给药。局部给予的药用组合物和制剂可包括透皮贴剂、软膏、洗剂、霜剂、凝胶剂、滴剂、栓剂、喷雾剂、液体剂、脂肪乳注射剂和散剂。常规药物载体、水、粉末或油性基质、增稠剂等可能是必须的或需要的。
在制备本发明的药物组合物时，通常将活性成分与赋形剂混合，通过赋形剂稀释或装入例如胶囊、小药囊、纸或其它容器形式的这种载体内。当赋形剂用作稀释剂时，它可以是固体、半固体或液体物质，用作溶媒、载体或活性成分的介质。因此，组合物可以是以下形式：片剂、丸剂、散剂、胶囊剂、注射剂、锭剂、小药囊、扁囊剂、酏剂、混悬剂、乳剂、溶液剂、滴眼液、糖浆剂、凝胶剂、软膏剂、气雾剂(固体或溶于液体溶媒)或巴布剂；含例如高达10％重量活性化合物的软膏剂、软和硬明胶胶囊、栓剂、无菌注射溶液和无菌包装粉末。
适宜的赋形剂的某些实例包括乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、磷酸钙、藻酸盐、黄蓍胶、明胶、硅酸钙、微晶纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素、水、糖浆和甲基纤维素。制剂还可含有：润滑剂例如滑石粉、硬脂酸镁和矿物油；湿润剂；乳化剂和悬浮剂；防腐剂例如苯甲酸甲酯和苯甲酸羟基丙酯；甜味剂和矫味剂。可通过使用本领域中已知的方法配制本发明组合物，以便在给予患者后提供速释、缓释或延迟释放活性成分的作用。
可按单位剂型配制组合物，每一剂量含约5～1000mg，更通常约100～500mg活性成分。术语“单位剂型”是指物理上分离的适宜作为用于人患者和其它哺乳动物的单一剂量单位，各单位含有与适宜的药物赋形剂混合的经计算可产生所需疗效的预定量的活性物质。
活性化合物的有效剂量的范围可很大，通常按药用有效量给药。但是，可以理解实际给予的化合物的量通常由医师根据相关情况决定，它们包括所治疗的病症、所选择的给药途径、所给予的实际化合物；患者个体的年龄、重量和反应；患者症状的严重程度等。
对于制备固体组合物例如片剂，将主要的活性成分与药物赋形剂混合，形成含本发明化合物的均匀混合物的固体预制剂组合物。当称这些预制剂组合物为均匀时，是指活性成分通常均匀地分布在整个组合物中，致使该组合物可容易地划分为同等有效的单位剂型例如片剂、丸剂和胶囊剂。然后将该固体预制剂划分为上述类型的含例如约0.1～1000mg本发明活性成分的单位剂型。
可将本发明片剂或丸剂包衣或复合，得到提供长效作用优点的剂型。例如，片剂或丸剂含内剂量和外剂量组分，后者是前者的被膜形式。可通过肠溶层将两种组分隔离，肠溶层用于在胃中阻止崩解，以使内组分完整通过十二指肠或延迟释放。多种物质可用于此类肠溶层或包衣剂，此类物质包括多种高分子酸和高分子酸与此类物质如虫胶、鲸蜡醇和醋酸纤维素的混合物。
其中可掺入本发明化合物和组合物，用于口服或注射给药的液体形式包括水溶液、适当矫味的糖浆剂、水或油混悬液；和利用食用油例如棉子油、芝麻油、中链油、椰子油或花生油制备的乳剂；以及酏剂和类似的药用溶媒。
用于吸入或吹入的组合物包括溶于药学上可接受的水或有机溶剂或其混合物的溶液剂和混悬液、散剂。液体或固体组合物可含有如上所述适宜的药学上可接受的赋形剂。在某些实施方案中，通过口服或鼻呼吸途径给予组合物，实现局部或全身作用。可通过使用惰性气体，使组合物成雾化。可直接由雾化装置吸入雾化溶液，或雾化装置可与面罩帷或间歇正压呼吸机连接。可通过口服或由按适当方式递送制剂的装置通过鼻给予溶液、混悬液或粉末组合物。
给予患者的化合物或组合物的量不固定，取决于给予的药物、给药的目的例如预防或治疗；患者的状态、给药的方式等。在治疗应用时，可给予已患疾病的患者足够治愈或至少部分抑制疾病及其并发症症状的量的组合物。有效剂量应取决于所治疗的疾病状态和主治临床医师的判断，该判断取决于例如疾病的严重程度、患者的年龄、体重和一般状况等因素。
给予患者的组合物可以是上述药用组合物形式。可通过常规灭菌技术或可过滤灭菌，将这些组合物灭菌。可将水溶液包装原样使用，或冻干，给药前，将冻干制剂与无菌水性载体混合。化合物制剂的pH通常为3～11，更优选5～9，最优选7～8。可以理解，使用某些前述赋形剂、载体或稳定剂会导致形成药物盐。
本发明化合物的治疗剂量可根据例如以下而定：治疗的具体用途、给予化合物的方式、患者的健康和状态，以及签处方医师的判断。本发明化合物在药用组合物中的比例或浓度可不固定，取决于多种因素，它们包括剂量、化学特性(例如疏水性)和给药途径。例如可通过含约0.1～10％w/v该化合物的生理缓冲水溶液提供本发明化合物，用于肠胃外给药。某些典型剂量范围为约1μg/kg～约1g/kg体重/日。在某些实施方案中，剂量范围为约0.01mg/kg～约100mg/kg体重/日。剂量很可能取决于此类变量，如疾病或病症的种类和发展程度、具体患者的一般健康状态、所选择的化合物的相对生物学效力、赋形剂制剂及其给药途径。可通过由体外或动物模型试验系统导出的剂量-反应曲线外推，得到有效剂量。
有益效果
(1)本发明通过对消旋酮咯酸的羧基进行衍生化，设计并制备了一系列酮咯酸衍生物，克服了酮咯酸目前普遍存在的半衰期短、稳定性差、刺激性和配伍等方面的问题。本发明化合物经体外血浆试验表明具有良好的药代动力学性质。且化合物本身的理化稳定性较高，例如在影响因素考察的高温试验(60℃放置5～10天)中化合物纯度基本保持不变。
(2)酮咯酸的主要药理活性来源于左旋酮咯酸，本发明以左旋酮咯酸为原料定向合成了(1S)构型的左旋酮咯酸酯衍生物，进一步试验发现酮咯酸衍生物的左旋对应异构体在油相中，不同温度下放置30天，有关物质及异构体均可保持较高的稳定性。
(3)本发明制备的一系列酮咯酸衍生物的侧链含有碳酸酯结构，改善了脂溶性，该结构有助于提高化合物经口服给药后在胃肠道的吸收效率，从而增加药物的生物利用度。
附图说明
图1是本发明化合物N2的氢谱图谱。
图2是本发明化合物N8的氢谱图谱。
图3是本发明化合物N12的氢谱图谱。
图4是本发明化合物N15的氢谱图谱。
图5是本发明化合物N16的氢谱图谱。
图6是本发明化合物N2在人血浆中降解速率折线图。
图7是本发明化合物N8在人血浆中降解速率折线图。
图8是本发明化合物N12在人血浆中降解速率折线图。
图9是本发明化合物N15在人血浆中降解速率折线图。
图10是本发明化合物N15在人血浆中降解的液相色谱图。
图11是本发明化合物N16在人血浆中降解速率折线图。
图12是本发明化合物N11在人血浆中降解速率折线图。
图13是本发明化合物N11在人血浆中降解的液相色谱图。
图14是本发明化合物PFA在人血浆中降解速率折线图。
图15本发明化合物的酶解动力学实验流程图。
术语定义与说明
除非另有说明，本申请说明书和权利要求书中记载的基团和术语定义，包括其作为实例的定义、示例性的定义、优选的定义、表格中记载的定义、实施例中具体化合物的定义等，可以彼此之间任意组合和结合。这样的组合和结合后的基团定义及化合物结构，应当属于本申请说明书记载的范围内。
除非另有说明，本说明书和权利要求书记载的数值范围相当于至少记载了其中每一个具体的整数数值。例如，数值范围“1-40”相当于记载了数值范围“1-10”中的每一个整数数值即1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10，以及数值范围“11-40”中的每一个整数数值即11、12、13、14、15、......、35、36、37、38、39、40。应当理解，本文在描述取代基时使用的一个、两个或更多个中，“更多个”应当是指≥3的整数，例如3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10。此外，当某些数值范围被定义为“数”时，应当理解为记载了该范围的两个端点、该范围内的每一个整数以及该范围内的每一个小数。例如，“0～10的数”应当理解为不仅记载了0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9和10的每一个整数，还至少记载了其中每一个整数分别与0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9的和。
术语“卤素”表示氟、氯、溴和碘。
术语“C 1-40烷基”应理解为表示具有1～40个碳原子的直链或支链饱和一价烃基。例如，“C 1-10烷基”表示具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子的直链和支链烷基，“C 1-6烷基”表示具有1、2、3、4、5或6 个碳原子的直链和支链烷基。所述烷基是例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、异丙基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异戊基、2-甲基丁基、1-甲基丁基、1-乙基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、新戊基、1,1-二甲基丙基、4-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、1-甲基戊基、2-乙基丁基、1-乙基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,1-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基或1,2-二甲基丁基等或它们的异构体。
术语“C 2-40烯基”应理解为优选表示直连或支链的一价烃基，其包含一个或多个双键并且具有2～40个碳原子，优选“C 2-10烯基”。“C 2-10烯基”应理解为优选表示直连或支链的一价烃基，其包含一个或多个双键并且具有2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子，例如，具有2、3、4、5或6个碳原子(即，C 2-6烯基)，具有2或3个碳原子(即，C 2-3烯基)。应理解，在所述烯基包含多于一个双键的情况下，所述双键可相互分离或者共轭。所述烯基是例如乙烯基、烯丙基、(E)-2-甲基乙烯基、(Z)-2-甲基乙烯基、(E)-丁-2-烯基、(Z)-丁-2-烯基、(E)-丁-1-烯基、(Z)-丁-1-烯基、戊-4-烯基、(E)-戊-3-烯基、(Z)-戊-3-烯基、(E)-戊-2-烯基、(Z)-戊-2-烯基、(E)-戊-1-烯基、(Z)-戊-1-烯基、己-5-烯基、(E)-己-4-烯基、(Z)-己-4-烯基、(E)-己-3-烯基、(Z)-己-3-烯基、(E)-己-2-烯基、(Z)-己-2-烯基、(E)-己-1-烯基、(Z)-己-1-烯基、异丙烯基、2-甲基丙-2-烯基、1-甲基丙-2-烯基、2-甲基丙-1-烯基、(E)-1-甲基丙-1-烯基、(Z)-1-甲基丙-1-烯基、3-甲基丁-3-烯基、2-甲基丁-3-烯基、1-甲基丁-3-烯基、3-甲基丁-2-烯基、(E)-2-甲基丁-2-烯基、(Z)-2-甲基丁-2-烯基、(E)-1-甲基丁-2-烯基、(Z)-1-甲基丁-2-烯基、(E)-3-甲基丁-1-烯基、(Z)-3-甲基丁-1-烯基、(E)-2-甲基丁-1-烯基、(Z)-2-甲基丁-1-烯基、(E)-1-甲基丁-1-烯基、(Z)-1-甲基丁-1-烯基、1,1-二甲基丙-2-烯基、1-乙基丙-1-烯基、1-丙基乙烯基、1-异丙基乙烯基。
术语“C 2-40炔基”应理解为表示直连或支链的一价烃基，其包含一个或多个三键并且具有2～40个碳原子，优选“C 2-10炔基”。术语“C 2-10炔基”应理解为优选表示直连或支链的一价烃基，其包含一个或多个三键并且具有2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子，，例如，具有2、3、4、5或6个碳原子(即，“C 2-6炔基”)，具有2或3个碳原子(“C 2-3炔基”)。所述炔基是例如乙炔基、丙-1-炔基、丙-2-炔基、丁-1-炔基、丁-2-炔基、丁-3-炔基、戊-1-炔基、戊-2-炔基、戊-3-炔基、戊-4-炔基、己-1-炔基、己-2-炔基、己-3-炔基、己-4-炔基、己-5-炔基、1-甲基丙-2-炔基、2-甲基丁-3-炔基、1-甲基丁-3-炔基、1-甲基丁-2-炔基、3-甲基丁-1-炔基、1-乙基丙-2-炔基、3-甲基戊-4-炔基、2-甲基戊-4-炔基、1-甲基戊-4-炔基、2-甲基戊-3-炔基、1-甲基戊-3-炔基、4-甲基戊-2-炔基、1-甲基戊-2-炔基、4-甲基戊-1-炔基、3-甲基戊-1-炔基、2-乙基丁-3-炔基、1-乙基丁-3-炔基、1-乙基丁-2-炔基、1-丙基丙-2-炔基、1-异丙基丙-2-炔基、2,2-二甲基丁-3-炔基、1,1-二甲基丁-3-炔基、1,1-二甲基丁-2-炔基或3,3-二甲基丁-1-炔基。特别地，所述炔基是乙炔基、丙-1-炔基或丙-2-炔基。
术语“C 3-40环烷基”应理解为表示饱和的一价单环、双环烃环或桥环烷烃，其具有3～40个碳原子，优选“C 3-10环烷基”。术语“C 3-10环烷基”应理解为表示饱和的一价单环、双环烃环或桥环烷烃，其具有3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子。所述C 3-10环烷基可以是单环烃基，如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基或环癸基，或者是双环烃基如十氢化萘环。
术语“3-20元杂环基”意指饱和的一价单环、双环烃环或桥环烷烃，其包含1-5个独立选自N、O和S的杂原子的总成环原子数为3-20(如原子数为3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10等)的非芳族环状基团，优选“3-10元杂环基”。术语“3-10元杂环基”意指饱和的一价单环、双环烃环或桥环烷烃，其包含1-5个，优选1-3个选自 N、O和S的杂原子。所述杂环基可以通过所述碳原子中的任一个或氮原子(如果存在的话)与分子的其余部分连接。特别地，所述杂环基可以包括但不限于：4元环，如氮杂环丁烷基、氧杂环丁烷基；5元环，如四氢呋喃基、二氧杂环戊烯基、吡咯烷基、咪唑烷基、吡唑烷基、吡咯啉基；或6元环，如四氢吡喃基、哌啶基、吗啉基、二噻烷基、硫代吗啉基、哌嗪基或三噻烷基；或7元环，如二氮杂环庚烷基。任选地，所述杂环基可以是苯并稠合的。所述杂环基可以是双环的，例如但不限于5,5元环，如吡咯嗪、六氢环戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基环，或者5,6元双环，如六氢吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-2(1H)-基环。含氮原子的环可以是部分不饱和的，即它可以包含一个或多个双键，例如但不限于2,5-二氢-1H-吡咯基、4H-[1,3,4]噻二嗪基、4,5-二氢恶唑基或4H-[1,4]噻嗪基，或者，它可以是苯并稠合的，例如但不限于二氢异喹啉基。根据本发明，所述杂环基是无芳香性的。所述3-20元杂环基与其它基团相连构成本发明的化合物时，可以为3-20元杂环基上的碳原子与其它基团相连，也可以为3-20元杂环基环上杂环原子与其它基团相连。例如当3-20元杂环基选自哌嗪基时，可以为哌嗪基上的氮原子与其它基团相连。或当3-20元杂环基选自哌啶基时，可以为哌啶基环上的氮原子和其对位上的碳原子与其它基团相连。
术语“C 6-20芳基”应理解为优选表示具有6～20个碳原子的一价芳香性或部分芳香性的单环、双环或三环烃环，优选“C 6-14芳基”。术语“C 6-14芳基”应理解为优选表示具有6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13或14个碳原子的一价芳香性或部分芳香性的单环、双环或三环烃环(“C 6-14芳基”)，特别是具有6个碳原子的环(“C 6芳基”)，例如苯基；或联苯基，或者是具有9个碳原子的环(“C 9芳基”)，例如茚满基或茚基，或者是具有10个碳原子的环(“C 10芳基”)，例如四氢化萘基、二氢萘基或萘基，或者是具有13个碳原子的环(“C 13芳基”)，例如芴基，或者是具有14个碳原子的环(“C 14芳基”)，例如蒽基。当所述C 6-20芳基被取代时，其可以为单取代或者多取代。并且，对其取代位点没有限制，例如可以为邻位、对位或间位取代。
术语“5-20元杂芳基”应理解为包括这样的一价单环、双环或三环芳族环系：其具有5～20个环原子且包含1-5个独立选自N、O和S的杂原子，例如“5-14元杂芳基”。术语“5-14元杂芳基”应理解为包括这样的一价单环、双环或三环芳族环系：其具有5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13或14个环原子，特别是5或6或9或10个碳原子，且其包含1-5个，优选1-3各独立选自N、O和S的杂原子并且，另外在每一种情况下可为苯并稠合的。特别地，杂芳基选自噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、恶唑基、噻唑基、咪唑基、吡唑基、异恶唑基、异噻唑基、恶二唑基、三唑基、噻二唑基、噻-4H-吡唑基等以及它们的苯并衍生物，例如苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并恶唑基、苯并异恶唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并三唑基、吲唑基、吲哚基、异吲哚基等；或吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基等，以及它们的苯并衍生物，例如喹啉基、喹唑啉基、异喹啉基等；或吖辛因基、吲嗪基、嘌呤基等以及它们的苯并衍生物；或噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、萘啶基、蝶啶基、咔唑基、吖啶基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、吩恶嗪基等。当所述5-20元杂芳基与其它基团相连构成本发明的化合物时，可以为5-20元杂芳基环上的碳原子与其它基团相连，也可以为5-20元杂芳基环上的杂原子与其它基团相连。当所述5-20元杂芳基被取代时，其可以为单取代或者多取代。并且，对其取代位点没有限制，例如可以为杂芳基环上与碳原子相连的氢被取代，或者杂芳基环上与杂原子相连的氢被取代。
除非另有说明，杂环基、杂芳基或亚杂芳基包括其所有可能的异构形式，例如其位置异构体。因此，对于一些说明性的非限制性实例，可以包括在其1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-、8-、9-、10-、11-、12-位等(如果存在)中的一个、两个或更多个位置上取代或与其他基团键合的形式，包括吡啶-2-基、亚吡啶-2- 基、吡啶-3-基、亚吡啶-3-基、吡啶-4-基和亚吡啶-4-基；噻吩基或亚噻吩基包括噻吩-2-基、亚噻吩-2-基、噻吩-3-基和亚噻吩-3-基；吡唑-1-基、吡唑-3-基、吡唑-4-基、吡唑-5-基。
除非另有说明，本文中术语的定义同样适用于包含该术语的基团，例如C 1-40环烷基的定义也适用于C 1-40环烷基氧基。
本领域技术人员可以理解，式(I)所示化合物可以以各种药学上可接受的盐的形式存在。如果这些化合物具有碱性中心，则其可以形成酸加成盐；如果这些化合物具有酸性中心，则其可以形成碱加成盐；如果这些化合物既包含酸性中心(例如羧基)又包含碱性中心(例如氨基)，则其还可以形成内盐。酸加成盐包括但不限于：盐酸盐、氢氟酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、焦硫酸盐、磷酸盐、硝酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、氨基磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、甲酸盐、乙酰乙酸、丙酮酸、月硅酸酯、肉桂酸酯、苯甲酸盐、醋酸盐、二羟乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、三甲基乙酸盐、丙酸盐、丁酸盐、己酸盐、庚酸盐、十一酸盐、硬脂酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、羟基马来酸盐、草酸盐、水杨酸盐、琥珀酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、奎尼酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、甘醇酸盐、酒石酸盐、乳酸盐、2-(4-羟基苯甲酰基)苯甲酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、3-羟基-2-萘甲酸盐、烟酸盐、扑酸盐、果胶酯酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、特戊酸盐、衣康酸盐、三氟甲磺酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、萘二磺酸盐、丙二酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、扁桃酸盐、葡庚酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、磺基水杨酸盐、半硫酸或硫氰酸盐、天冬氨酸盐等；碱加成盐例如碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐等，具体包括但不限于：钠盐、锂盐、钾盐、铵盐、铝盐、镁盐、钙盐、钡盐、铁盐、亚铁盐、锰盐、亚锰盐、锌盐、铵盐(包括与NH 3和有机胺形成的盐(NH 4盐)、甲铵盐、三甲铵盐、二乙铵盐、三乙铵盐、丙铵盐、三丙铵盐、异丙铵盐、叔丁铵盐、N,N'-二苄基乙二铵盐、二环己铵盐、1,6-己二铵盐、苄铵盐、乙醇铵盐、N,N-二甲基乙醇铵盐、N,N-二乙基乙醇铵盐、三乙醇铵盐、氨丁三醇盐、赖氨酸盐、精氨酸盐、组氨酸盐、葡糖铵盐、N-甲基葡糖铵盐、二甲基葡糖铵盐、乙基葡糖铵盐、葡甲铵盐、甜菜碱盐、咖啡因盐、氯普鲁卡因盐、普鲁卡因盐、利多卡因盐、吡啶盐、甲基吡啶盐、哌啶盐、吗啉盐、哌嗪盐、嘌呤盐、可可碱盐、胆碱盐)等。
本发明的化合物可以溶剂合物(如水合物)的形式存在，其中本发明的化合物包含作为所述化合物晶格的结构要素的极性溶剂，特别是例如水、甲醇或乙醇。极性溶剂特别是水的量可以化学计量比或非化学计量比存在。
根据其分子结构，本发明的化合物可以是手性的，因此可能存在各种对映异构体形式。因而这些化合物可以以消旋体形式或光学活性形式存在。本发明的化合物或其中间体可以通过本领域技术人员公知的化学或物理方法分离为对映异构体化合物，或者以此形式用于合成。在外消旋的胺的情况中，通过与光学活性的拆分试剂反应，从混合物制得非对映异构体。适当的拆分试剂的示例是光学活性的酸，例如R和S形式的酒石酸、二乙酰酒石酸、二苯甲酰酒石酸、扁桃酸、苹果酸、乳酸、适当的N-保护的氨基酸(例如N-苯甲酰脯氨酸或N-苯磺酰基脯氨酸)或各种光学活性的樟脑磺酸。借助光学活性的拆分试剂(例如固定在硅胶上的二硝基苯甲酰基苯基甘氨酸、三乙酸纤维素或其它碳水化合物的衍生物或手性衍生化的异丁烯酸酯聚合物)，也可有利地进行色谱对映体拆分。用于此目的的适当的洗脱剂是含水或含醇的溶剂混合物，例如，己烷/异丙醇/乙腈。
可以根据已知的方法，例如通过萃取、过滤或柱层析来分离相应的稳定异构体。
术语“离去基团”是指在化学反应中被代替成为稳定物质，携带结合电子离去的原子或原子团。优选地，离去基团选自：卤素(如氯、溴或碘)、羟基、卤代C 1-40烷基、甲磺酰氧基、对甲苯磺酰氧基、三氟甲磺酰氧基、九氟丁磺酰氧基、(4-溴苯)磺酰氧基、(4-硝基苯)磺酰氧基、(2-硝基苯)磺酰氧基、(4-异丙基苯)磺酰氧基、(2,4,6-三异丙基苯)磺酰氧基、(2,4,6-三甲基苯)磺酰氧基、(4-叔丁基苯)磺酰氧基、苯磺酰氧基和(4-甲氧基苯)磺酰氧基。
术语“患者”是指包括哺乳动物在内的任何动物，优选小鼠、大鼠、其它啮齿类动物、兔、狗、猫、猪、牛、羊、马或灵长类动物，最优选人。
术语“治疗有效量”是指研究人员、兽医、医师或其它临床医师正在组织、系统、动物、个体或人中寻找的引起生物学或医学反应的活性化合物或药物的量，它包括以下一项或多项：(1)预防疾病：例如在易感染疾病、紊乱或病症但尚未经历或出现疾病病理或症状的个体中预防疾病、紊乱或病症。(2)抑制疾病：例如在正经历或出现疾病、紊乱或病症的病理或症状的个体中抑制疾病、紊乱或病症(即阻止病理和/或症状的进一步发展)。(3)缓解疾病：例如在正经历或出现疾病、紊乱或病症的病理或症状的个体中缓解疾病、紊乱或病症(即逆转病理和/或症状)。
具体实施方式
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做更进一步的详细说明。应当理解，下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明，而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
除非另有说明，以下实施例中使用的原料和试剂均为市售商品，或者可以通过已知方法制备。
实施例1
化合物N2的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000013
室温下，称取酮咯酸(4.401g，17.24mmol)于干燥的两颈反应瓶中，加入8.0ml的DMSO搅拌溶解。称取氟化钾KF(2.205g，38.00mmol)加入到上述反应瓶中，反应瓶用Ar置换2次，称取1-氯乙基异丙基碳酸酯(6.9g，18.88mmol)滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕。将反应瓶移至35℃反应1h。再向反应瓶中加入TBAB(1.385g，4.30mmol)和碘化钾KI(1.430g，8.61mmol)后，搅拌反应过夜。向反应瓶中加入水20ml，乙酸乙酯30ml，分液，EA层再用5％的NaHCO 3洗，水洗，饱和NaCl水溶液洗，无水Na 2SO 4干燥，浓缩后湿法上样，柱层析(PE/EA＝6:1)得到无色油状物4.507g，收率为82.27％；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.8188-7.7980(m,2H),7.5470-7.5104(m,1H),7.4672-7.4302(t,2H,J＝7.1Hz),6.8288-6.7883(m,2H),6.8257-6.8158(d,2H,J＝4.0Hz),6.1141-6.1042(d,1H,J＝4.0Hz),4.9543-4.8513(m,1H),4.6028-4.5372(m,1H),4.4778-4.4116(m,1H),4.1087-4.0720(m,1H),2.9997-2.9157(m,1H),2.8462-2.7553(m,1H),1.5566-1.4431(m,3H),1.3291-1.3094(m,6H)；
ESI-MS m/z＝386.1,[M+H] +.
实施例2
化合物N2(S)的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000014
化合物N1(S)的合成方法与化合物a的合成方法相同,区别仅在于将酮咯酸替换为S-酮咯酸；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.8188-7.7980(m,2H),7.5470-7.5104(m,1H),7.4672-7.4302(t,2H,J＝7.1Hz),6.8288-6.7883(m,2H),6.8257-6.8158(d,2H,J＝4.0Hz),6.1141-6.1042(d,1H,J＝4.0Hz),4.9543-4.8513(m,1H),4.6028-4.5372(m,1H),4.4778-4.4116(m,1H),4.1087-4.0720(m,1H),2.9997-2.9157(m,1H),2.8462-2.7553(m,1H),1.5566-1.4431(m,3H),1.3291-1.3094(m,6H)；
ESI-MS m/z＝386.1,[M+H] +.
实施例3
化合物N3的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000015
首先合成1-溴丙基乙酸酯：称取ZnCl 2(0.020g，0.15mmol)加入到干燥的两颈反应瓶中，反应瓶用N 2置换2次，然后向反应瓶中加入40ml无水二氯甲烷和乙酰溴(4.0g，32.53mmol)，将反应置于0℃的冰水浴中不断搅拌。将正丙醛(2.064g，35.54mmol)缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，将反应瓶移至室温反应1h。向反应瓶中加入10ml水，分液，DCM层再用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗2次至pH～9，再水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩得淡黄色油状物4.4g，即为1-溴丙基乙酸酯粗品，不经进一步纯化直接进行下一步反应；
化合物N3的合成：称取酮咯酸(1.0g，3.92mmol)，KHCO 3(0.628g，6.27mmol)加入到干燥的单口反应瓶中，室温下，加入8ml丙酮不断搅拌，取新合成得到的1-溴丙基乙酸酯粗品1.4g缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，保持反应在室温下不断搅拌反应1～5h；待反应完全后，向反应瓶中加入水10ml，乙酸乙酯40ml，分液，有机层再分别用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥， 减压浓缩后。得到淡黄色油状物，湿法上样，快速柱层析(PE/EA＝7:1)，得到1.14g，收率为82％；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.8210-7.7970(m,2H),7.5465-7.5033(m,1H),7.4644-7.4274(m,2H),6.8211-6.8084(dd,1H,J＝1.2,3.9Hz),6.7967-6.7695(t,J＝5.4Hz,1H),6.1057-6.0858(m,1H),4.6092-4.5359(m,1H),4.4870-4.4032(m,1H),4.1267-4.0606(m,1H),2.9964-2.7485(m,2H),2.0928-2.0688(d,3H,J＝9.6Hz),1.8697-1.7952(m,2H),0.9855-0.9329(m,3H)；
ESI-MS m/z＝356.1,[M+H] +.
实施例4
化合物N4的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000016
首先合成1-溴乙基丙酸酯：称取ZnCl 2 5.0mg(0.005g，0.04mmol)加入到干燥的两颈反应瓶中，反应瓶用N 2置换2次，然后向反应瓶中加入40ml无水二氯甲烷和丙酰溴(2.0g，14.60mmol)，将反应置于0℃的冰水浴中不断搅拌。将三聚乙醛0.67ml(0.66g，4.99mmol)缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，将反应瓶移至室温反应1h。向反应瓶中加入10ml水，分液，DCM层再用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗2次至pH～9，再水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩得淡黄色油状物1.5g，即为1-溴乙基丙酸酯粗品，不经进一步纯化直接进行下一步反应；
化合物N4的合成：称取酮咯酸(0.5g，1.96mmol)，KHCO 3(0.314g，3.14mmol)加入到干燥的单口反应瓶中，室温下，加入8ml丙酮不断搅拌，取新合成得到的1-溴乙基丙酸酯粗品0.7g缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，保持反应在室温下不断搅拌反应1～5h；待反应完全后，向反应瓶中加入水10ml，乙酸乙酯40ml，分液，有机层再分别用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩后。得到淡黄色油状物，湿法上样，快速柱层析(PE/EA＝7:1)，得到0.52g，收率为75％；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.8211-7.8028(d,2H,J＝7.3Hz),7.5452-7.5090(t,1H,J＝7.3Hz),7.4665-7.4293(t,2H,J＝7.6Hz),6.9381-6.8975(q,1H,J＝5.4Hz),6.8195-6.8098(d,1H,J＝4.0Hz),6.1031-6.0842(t,1H,J＝3.8Hz),4.6117-4.5388(m,1H),4.4745-4.3959(m,1H),4.0846-4.0500(t,1H,J＝7.7Hz),2.9828-2.8764(m,1H),2.8428-2.7521(m,1H),2.3893-2.3105(m,2H),1.5241-1.5037(m,3H),1.1681-1.1076(q,3H,J＝7.6Hz)；
ESI-MS m/z＝356.1,[M+H] +.
实施例5
化合物N5的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000017
首先合成1-溴异丁基乙酸酯：称取ZnCl 2 20.0mg(0.02g，0.15mmol)加入到干燥的两颈反应瓶中，反应瓶用N 2置换2次，然后向反应瓶中加入40ml无水二氯甲烷和乙酰溴(4.0g，29.20mmol)，将反应置于0℃的冰水浴中不断搅拌。将异丁醛(2.59g，35.92mmol)缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，将反应瓶移至室温反应1h。向反应瓶中加入10ml水，分液，DCM层再用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗2次至pH～9，再水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩得淡黄色油状物4.4g，即为1-溴异丁基乙酸酯粗品，不经进一步纯化直接进行下一步反应；
化合物N5的合成：称取酮咯酸(2.0g，7.83mmol)，三乙胺2.5ml(1.82g，17.99mmol)加入到干燥的单口反应瓶中，室温下，加入8ml丙酮不断搅拌，取新合成得到的1-溴异丁基乙酸酯粗品3.48g缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，保持反应在室温下不断搅拌反应1～5h；待反应完全后，向反应瓶中加入水10ml，乙酸乙酯40ml，分液，有机层再分别用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩后。得到淡黄色油状物，湿法上样，快速柱层析(PE/EA＝8:1)，得到2.29g，收率为79.5％；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.8238-7.8058(d,2H,J＝7.2Hz),7.5490-7.5126(m,1H),7.4686-7.4315(t,2H,J＝7.0Hz),6.8247-6.8153(d,1H,J＝3.8Hz),6.6818-6.6696(d,1H,J＝4.9Hz),6.1166-6.0877(m,1H),4.6042-4.5389(m,1H),4.4873-4.4215(m,1H),4.1469-4.0717(m,1H),3.0078-2.7502(m,2H),2.1007-2.0262(m,4H),0.9918-0.9470(m,6H)；
ESI-MS m/z＝370.1,[M+H] +.
实施例6
化合物N6的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000018
首先合成1-氯乙基异丁酸酯：称取ZnCl 2(0.01g，0.07mmol)加入到干燥的两颈反应瓶中，反应瓶用N 2置换2次，然后向反应瓶中加入(4.0g，37.54mmol)异丁酰氯，将反应置于0℃的冰水浴中不断搅拌，将异丁醛(2.59g，35.92mmol)缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，将反应瓶移至80℃下反应1h。将反应液降至室温，向反应瓶中加入10ml水和10ml DCM，分液，DCM层再用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗2次至pH～9，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩得淡黄色油状物2.4g，即为1-氯乙基异丁酸酯粗品，不经进一步纯化直接进行下一步反应；
化合物N6的合成：称取酮咯酸(1.9g，7.44mmol)，三乙胺(1.46g，14.43mmol)加入到干燥的单口反应瓶中，室温下，加入8ml丙酮不断搅拌，取新合成得到的1-溴异丁基乙酸酯粗品2.4g缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，保持反应在室温下不断搅拌反应1～5h；待反应完全后，向反应瓶中加入水10ml，乙酸乙酯40ml，分液，有机层再分别用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩后。得到淡黄色油状物，湿法上样，快速柱层析(PE/EA＝8:1)，得到1.4g，收率为51％；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.7493-7.7306(d,2H,J＝7.5Hz),7.4749-7.4383(t,1H,J＝7.4Hz),7.3958-7.3585(t,2H,J＝7.6Hz),6.8573-6.8071(m,1H),6.7468-6.7371(d,1H,J＝3.9Hz),6.0294-6.0092(t,1H,J＝4.0Hz),4.5355-4.4694(m,1H),4.4069-4.3270(m,1H),4.0109-3.9742(t,1H,J＝7.5Hz),2.8969-2.8076(m,1H),2.7704-2.6811(m,1H),2.5181-2.4301(m,1H),1.4535-1.4342(m,3H),1.1105-1.0656(m,6H)；
ESI-MS m/z＝370.1,[M+H] +.
实施例7
化合物N7的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000019
先合成1-氯乙基特戊酸酯：称取ZnCl 2(4.0g，0.03mmol)加入到干燥的两颈反应瓶中，反应瓶用N 2置换2次，然后向反应瓶中加入特戊酰氯(2.0g，16.59mmol)，将反应置于0℃的冰水浴中不断搅拌。将三聚乙醛(0.75g，5.67mmol)缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，将反应瓶移至80℃下反应1h。将反应液降至室温，向反应瓶中加入10ml水和10ml DCM，分液，DCM层再用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗2次至pH～9，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩得淡黄色油状物2.19g，即为1-氯乙基特戊酸酯粗品，不经进一步纯化直接进行下一步反应；
化合物N7的合成：称取酮咯酸(1.0g，3.92mmol)，三乙胺(0.63g，6.26mmol)加入到干燥的单口反应瓶中，室温下，加入8ml丙酮不断搅拌，取新合成得到的1-氯乙基特戊酸酯粗品1.7g缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，将反应移至40℃下反应1～5h；待反应完全后，向反应瓶中加入水10ml，乙酸乙酯40ml，分液，有机层再分别用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩后。得到淡黄色油状物，湿法上样，快速柱层析(PE/EA＝8:1)，得到0.482g，收率为32％；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.8221-7.8024(d,2H,J＝7.9Hz),7.5482-7.5128(t,1H,J＝7.6Hz),7.4684-7.4312(m,2H),6.9173-6.8578(m,1H),6.8194-6.8104(m,1H),6.0970-6.0804(m,1H),4.5839-4.4044(m,2H),4.0830-4.0468(m,1H),2.9648-2.7499(m,2H),1.5237-1.5030(m,3H),1.2032-1.1734(m,9H)；
ESI-MS m/z＝384.1,[M+H] +.
实施例8
化合物N8的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000020
首先合成1-溴丙基丙酸酯：称取ZnCl 2(0.01g，0.07mmol)加入到干燥的两颈反应瓶中，反应瓶用N 2置换2次，然后向反应瓶中加入15ml无水二氯甲烷和(3.0g，21.90mmol)丙酰溴，将反应置于0℃的冰水浴中不断搅拌。将丙醛(1.39g，23.93mmol)缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，将反应瓶移至室温反应1h。向反应瓶中加入10ml水，分液，DCM层再用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗2次至pH～9，再水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩得黑褐色油状物2.1g，即为1-溴丙基丙酸酯粗品，不经进一步纯化直接进行下一步反应；
化合物N8的合成：称取酮咯酸(1.0g，3.92mmol)，三乙胺(0.99g，9.78mmol)加入到干燥的单口反应瓶中，室温下，加入8ml丙酮不断搅拌，取新合成得到的1-溴丙基丙酸酯粗品1.7g缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，保持反应在室温下不断搅拌反应1～5h；待反应完全后，向反应瓶中加入水10ml，乙酸乙酯40ml，分液，有机层再分别用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩后。得到淡黄色油状物，湿法上样，快速柱层析(PE/EA＝8:1)，得到1.1g，收率为76％；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.8188-7.8001(d,2H,J＝7.5Hz),7.5478-7.5047(m,1H),7.4654-7.4284(m,2H),6.8169-6.7859(m,2H),6.1063-6.0798(m,1H),4.6069-4.5336(m,1H),4.4789-4.4010(m,1H),4.1082-4.0599(m,1H),2.9930-2.7472(m,2H),2.3965-2.3141(m,2H),1.8693-1.7968(m,2H),1.1687-1.1040(m,3H),0.9832-0.9367(m,3H)；
ESI-MS m/z＝370.2,[M+H] +.
实施例9
化合物N8(S)的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000021
操作与实施例8相同，区别仅在于将酮咯酸替换为S-酮咯酸；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.8215-7.8035(d,2H,J＝7.2Hz),7.5503-7.5070(m,1H),7.4678-7.4308(m,2H),6.8185-6.7875(m,1H),6.1055-6.0815(m,1H),4.5958-4.4552(m,1H),4.4506-4.4043(m,1H),4.1476-4.0670(m,1H),2.9951-2.7501(m,2H),2.3978-2.3156(m,2H),1.8719-1.7990(m,2H),1.1718-1.1073(m,3H),0.9859-0.9350(m,3H)；
ESI-MS m/z＝370.2,[M+H] +.
实施例10
化合物N9的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000022
首先合成1-溴异丁基丙酸酯：称取ZnCl 2(0.006g，0.004mmol)加入到干燥的两颈反应瓶中，反应瓶用N 2置换2次，然后向反应瓶中加入20ml无水二氯甲烷和丙酰溴(3.0g，21.90mmol)，将反应置于0℃的冰水浴中不断搅拌。将异丁醛(1.74g，24.13mmol)缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，将反应瓶移至室温反应1h。向反应瓶中加入10ml水，分液，DCM层再用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗2次至pH～9，再水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩得淡黄色油状物3.0g，即为1-溴异丁基丙酸酯粗品，不经进一步纯化直接进行下一步反应；
化合物N9的合成：称取酮咯酸(1.5g，5.88mmol)，三乙胺(1.49g，14.72mmol)加入到干燥的单口反应瓶中，室温下，加入8ml丙酮不断搅拌，取新合成得到的1-溴异丁基丙酸酯粗品2.68g缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，将反应加热至40℃反应1～5h；待反应完全后，向反应瓶中加入水10ml，乙酸乙酯40ml，分液，有机层再分别用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩后。得到淡黄色油状物，湿法上样，快速柱层析(PE/EA＝6:1)，得到1.64g，收率为73％；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.8173-7.7966(m,2H),7.5441-7.5075(t,1H,J＝7.4Hz),7.4648-7.4275(t,2H,J＝7.6Hz),6.8175-6.8076(d,1H,J＝4.0Hz),6.6932-6.6808(d,1H,J＝5.0Hz),6.1109-6.0776(dd,1H,J＝4.0,9.4Hz),4.5953-4.5291(m,1H),4.4845-4.4116(m,1H),4.1257-4.0639(m,1H),3.0003-2.7456(m,2H),2.3990-2.3134(m,2H),2.0989-2.0082(m,1H),1.1695-1.1016(m,3H),0.9854-0.9436(m,6H)；
ESI-MS m/z＝384.1,[M+H] +.
实施例11
化合物N10的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000023
室温下，称取酮咯酸(1.0g，3.92mmol)于干燥的两颈反应瓶中，加入3.0ml的DMSO搅拌溶解。称取KF(0.5g，8.61mmol)加入到上述反应瓶中，反应瓶用Ar置换2次，称取1-氯乙基环己基碳酸酯(0.83g，4.02mmol)滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕。将反应瓶移至35℃反应过夜。向反应瓶中加入水20ml，乙酸乙酯30ml，分液，EA层再用5％的NaHCO 3洗，水洗，饱和NaCl水溶液洗，无水Na 2SO 4干燥，浓缩后湿法上样，柱层析(PE/EA＝6:1)得到淡黄色油状物0.99g，收率为67％；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.8183-7.7989(d,2H,J＝7.8Hz),7.5461-7.5096(t,1H,J＝7.3Hz),7.4662-7.4288(t,2H,J＝7.6Hz),6.8315-6.7939(m,1H),6.6932-6.6808(d,1H,J＝5.0Hz),6.1129-6.0969(m, 1H),4.6776-4.5399(m,2H),4.4781-4.4017(m,1H),4.1064-4.0606(m,1H),2.9980-2.8994(m,1H),2.8512-2.7524(m,1H),1.9165(s,2H),1.7489-1.7393(m,1H),1.5653-1.3194(m,9H)；
ESI-MS m/z＝426.1,[M+H] +.
实施例12
化合物N12的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000024
室温下，将酮咯酸(2.0g，7.83mmol)，DBU(2.38g，15.63mmol)加入到干燥的50ml单颈反应瓶中，加入10ml丙酮搅拌溶解，然后称取1-氯乙基乙基碳酸酯(1.79g,11.73mmol)加入到上述反应瓶中，将反应加热到40℃反应2h。称取KI(1.3g，7.83mmol)和TBAB(0.51g，1.58mmol)加入到反应瓶中，反应继续在40℃下搅拌反应过夜。向反应瓶中加入水(10ml)和乙酸乙酯(30ml)，分液，有机层再经5％NaHCO 3洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩，快速柱层析(PE/EA＝8:1)，得到目标产物1.90g，收率为65.3％；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.83-7.79(m,2H),7.55-7.51(m,1H),7.47-7.43(m,2H),6.87-6.79(m,2H),6.11(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H),4.62-4.53(m,1H),4.48-4.40(m,1H),4.29-4.17(m,2H),4.14-4.06(m,1H),3.01-2.89(m,1H),2.86-2.75(m,1H),1.56(dd,J＝2.8,5.6Hz,3H),1.35-1.28(m,3H).
ESI-MS m/z＝372.1,[M+H] +.
实施例13
化合物N12(S)的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000025
操作与实施例12相同，区别仅在于将酮咯酸替换为S-酮咯酸；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.83-7.79(m,2H),7.55-7.51(m,1H),7.47-7.43(m,2H),6.87-6.79(m,2H),6.11(d,J＝4.0Hz,1H),4.62-4.53(m,1H),4.48-4.40(m,1H),4.29-4.17(m,2H),4.14-4.06(m,1H),3.01-2.89(m,1H),2.86-2.75(m,1H),1.56(dd,J＝2.8,5.6Hz,3H),1.35-1.28(m,3H).
ESI-MS m/z＝372.1,[M+H] +.
实施例14
化合物N13的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000026
首先合成1-氯乙基甲基碳酸酯：N 2保护下，称取1-氯乙基氯甲酸酯(2.0g)于干燥的50mL两颈反应瓶中，加入无水DCM，置于冰浴条件下搅拌称取甲醇(0.67g，1.5eq)加入反应瓶中，然后称取吡啶Py(1.33g,1.2eq)缓缓滴加入反应瓶中，滴毕，将反应瓶移至室温反应1h。向反应瓶中补加少量DCM和水，分液，DCM层用5％的KHSO 4洗至pH为3左右，再用水洗至中性，DCM用无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩得0.665g。
进一步合成化合物N13：称取酮咯酸(0.73g,1.0eq)于干燥的单口反应瓶中，加入10mL丙酮搅拌溶解，加入DBU(0.88g,2.0eq)和刚制备得到的1-氯乙基甲基碳酸酯(0.66g,1.5eq)，将反应移至40℃反应1h，补加KI(1.0eq)和TBAB(0.2eq)，继续保温反应2～6h。向反应中加入DCM和水，分液，DCM层再用5％NaHCO 3洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，干燥，浓缩。快速柱层析(PE/EA＝8:1)得到无色油状物0.61g，收率为61％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.84-7.80(m,2H),7.59-7.53(m,1H),7.50-7.46(m,2H),6.91-6.82(m,2H),6.13(d,J＝4.2Hz,1H),4.62-4.53(m,1H),4.48-4.40(m,1H),4.29-4.17(d,J＝7.1Hz,3H),4.14-4.06(m,1H),3.01-2.89(m,1H),2.86-2.75(m,1H),1.57(dd,J＝2.8,5.6Hz,3H).
ESI-MS m/z＝358.2,[M+H] +.
实施例15
化合物N14的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000027
先合成1-氯丙基氯甲酸酯：称取(10.00g,33.70mmol)三光气与100ml三颈反应瓶中，加入15ml无水二氯甲烷，反应瓶用Ar气置换3次，将反应瓶移至-20℃冷阱中不断搅拌。量取Py(0.54g，6.83mmol)用5ml的二氯甲烷稀释后，加入到反应瓶中。然后称取正丙醛(4.6g，79.20mmol)缓缓滴加入反应瓶中，滴毕，将冷阱温度设置为-2℃，继续反应20h。用水泵接上含有KOH水溶液的反应瓶进行抽气处理5min，然后将反应瓶从冷阱中移出，减压浓缩除去DCM，然后蒸馏得到无色至浅黄色油状物3.91g，收率为73.2％。
合成1-氯丙基甲基碳酸酯：称取1-氯丙基氯甲酸酯(1.00g,6.38mmol)于干燥的两颈反应瓶中，加 入无水DCM 10ml不断搅拌，称取甲醇(0.30g,9.50mmol)加入到上述反应瓶中，将反应瓶移至冰水浴中不断搅拌，称取Py(0.63g,7.96mmol)缓缓加入到上述反应瓶中，滴加过程中出现白色固体，滴毕，将反应瓶移至室温进行反应1h。向反应瓶中加入10ml水，分液，DCM层用5％KHSO4洗至pH＝3～4，然后再用水洗至接近中性，再用饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥。减压浓缩得到无色油状物0.705g，不经纯化直接进行下一步反应。
化合物N14合成：称取酮咯酸(0.73g,2.86mmol)于干燥的单口反应瓶中，加入10ml丙酮搅拌溶解，加入DBU(0.88g,5.78mmol)和刚制备得到的1-氯丙基甲基碳酸酯0.66g，将反应移至40℃反应1h，补加KI(0.48g,2.90mmol)和TBAB(0.19g,0.58mmol)，继续保温反应2～6h。向反应中加入DCM和水，分液，DCM层再用5％NaHCO 3洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，干燥，浓缩。快速柱层析(PE/EA＝8:1)得到无色油状物0.64g，收率为58.1％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.83-7.80(m,2H),7.59-7.52(m,1H),7.49-7.44(m,2H),6.87-6.79(m,2H),6.82(d,J＝3.9Hz,1H),6.74-6.68(m,1H),6.12-6.10(m,1H),4.67-4.42(m,2H),4.23(d,J＝6.5Hz,3H),4.14-4.02(m,1H),3.04-2.76(m,2H),1.96-1.82(m,2H),1.04-0.96(m,3H).
ESI-MS m/z＝372.1,[M+H] +.
实施例16
化合物N15的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000028
首先合成1-氯丙基氯甲酸酯:称取三光气(10.00g,33.70mmol)与100ml三颈反应瓶中，加入15ml无水二氯甲烷，反应瓶用Ar气置换3次，将反应瓶移至-20℃冷阱中不断搅拌。量取Py(0.54g，6.83mmol)用5ml的二氯甲烷稀释后，加入到反应瓶中。然后称取正丙醛(4.6g，79.20mmol)缓缓滴加入反应瓶中，滴毕，将冷阱温度设置为-2℃，继续反应20h。用水泵接上含有KOH水溶液的反应瓶进行抽气处理5min，然后将反应瓶从冷阱中移出，减压浓缩除去DCM，然后蒸馏得到无色至浅黄色油状物3.91g，收率为73.2％。
再合成1-氯丙基乙基碳酸酯:称取1-氯丙基氯甲酸酯(1.0g，6.38mmol)于干燥的两颈反应瓶中，加入无水DCM 10ml不断搅拌，称取乙醇(0.44g，9.55mmol)加入到上述反应瓶中，将反应瓶移至冰水浴中不断搅拌，称取吡啶(0.63g，7.96mmol)缓缓加入到上述反应瓶中，滴加过程中出现白色固体，滴毕，将反应瓶移至室温进行反应1h。向反应瓶中加入10ml水，分液，DCM层用5％KHSO 4洗至pH＝3～4，然后再用水洗至接近中性，再用饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥。减压浓缩得到无色油状物0.766g，不经纯 化直接进行下一步反应；
最后合成化合物N15：称取酮咯酸(0.73g，2.86mmol)于干燥的单口反应瓶中，加入10ml丙酮搅拌溶解，加入DBU(0.88g，5.78mmol)和刚制备得到的1-氯丙基乙基碳酸酯0.78g，将反应移至40℃反应1h，补加KI(0.48g,2.90mmol)和TBAB(0.19g,0.58mmol)，继续保温反应2～6h。向反应中加入DCM和水，分液，DCM层再用5％NaHCO3洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，干燥，浓缩。快速柱层析(PE/EA＝8:1)得到无色油状物0.66g，收率为59.88％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.8174-7.7961(m,2H),7.5454-7.5086(m,1H),7.4658-7.4288(m,2H),6.87-6.79(m,2H),6.81(d,J＝3.9Hz,1H),6.7020-6.6727(m,1H),6.1138-6.0967(m,1H),4.6115-4.4063(m,2H),4.2648-4.1697(m,2H),4.1276-4.0759(m,1H),3.0117-2.7529(m,2H),1.9097-1.8045(m,2H),1.3463-1.2380(m,3H),1.0103-0.9594(m,3H).
ESI-MS m/z＝385.2,[M+H] +.
实施例17
化合物N15(S)的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000029
操作与实施例16相同，区别仅在于将酮咯酸替换为S-酮咯酸；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.8174-7.7961(m,2H),7.5454-7.5086(m,1H),7.4658-7.4288(m,2H),6.87-6.79(m,2H),6.81(d,J＝3.9Hz,1H),6.7020-6.6727(m,1H),6.1138-6.0967(m,1H),4.6115-4.4063(m,2H),4.2648-4.1697(m,2H),4.1276-4.0759(m,1H),3.0117-2.7529(m,2H),1.9097-1.8045(m,2H),1.3463-1.2380(m,3H),1.0103-0.9594(m,3H).
ESI-MS m/z＝385.2,[M+H] +.
实施例18
化合物N16的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000030
首先合成1-氯丙基氯甲酸酯:称取(10.00g,33.70mmol)三光气与100ml三颈反应瓶中，加入15ml无水二氯甲烷，反应瓶用Ar气置换3次，将反应瓶移至-20℃冷阱中不断搅拌。量取Py(0.54g，6.83mmol)用5ml的二氯甲烷稀释后，加入到反应瓶中。然后称取正丙醛(4.6g，79.20mmol)缓缓滴加入反应瓶中，滴毕，将冷阱温度设置为-2℃，继续反应20h。用水泵接上含有KOH水溶液的反应瓶进行抽气处理5min，然后将反应瓶从冷阱中移出，减压浓缩除去DCM，然后蒸馏得到无色至浅黄色油状物3.91g，收率为73.2％。
合成1-氯丙基异丙基碳酸酯:称取1-氯丙基氯甲酸酯(1.0g，6.38mmol)于干燥的两颈反应瓶中，加入无水DCM 10ml不断搅拌，称取异丙醇(0.58g，9.60mmol)加入到上述反应瓶中，将反应瓶移至冰水浴中不断搅拌，称取吡啶(0.63g，7.94mmol)缓缓加入到上述反应瓶中，滴加过程中出现白色固体，滴毕，将反应瓶移至室温进行反应1h。向反应瓶中加入10ml水，分液，DCM层用5％KHSO 4洗至pH＝3～4，然后再用水洗至接近中性，再用饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥。减压浓缩得到无色油状物0.781g，不经纯化直接进行下一步反应；
最后合成N16:称取酮咯酸(0.73g,2.86mmol)于干燥的单口反应瓶中，加入10ml丙酮搅拌溶解，加入DBU(0.88g,5.78mmol)和刚制备得到的1-氯丙基异丙基碳酸酯0.72g，将反应移至40℃反应1h，补加KI(0.48g,2.90mmol)和TBAB(0.19g,0.58mmol)，继续保温反应2～6h。向反应中加入DCM和水，分液，DCM层再用5％NaHCO 3洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，干燥，浓缩。快速柱层析(PE/EA＝8:1)得到无色油状物0.61g，收率为53.40％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.82-7.79(m,2H),7.55-7.50(m,1H),7.47-7.42(m,2H),6.81(t,J＝3.8Hz,1H),6.68(t,J＝5.4Hz,1H),6.12-6.09(m,1H),4.94-4.82(m,1H),4.62-4.53(m,1H),4.49-4.40(m,1H),4.12-4.07(m,1H),3.01-2.89(m,1H),2.87-2.75(m,1H),1.91-1.83(m,2H)；1.33-1.27(m,6H),1.01-0.95(m,3H).
ESI-MS m/z＝400.2,[M+H] +.
实施例19
化合物N16(S)的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000031
操作与实施例18相同，区别仅在于将酮咯酸替换为S-酮咯酸；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.82-7.79(m,2H),7.55-7.50(m,1H),7.47-7.42(m,2H),6.81(t,J＝3.8Hz,1H),6.68(t,J＝5.4Hz,1H),6.12-6.09(m,1H),4.94-4.82(m,1H),4.62-4.53(m,1H),4.49-4.40(m,1H),4.12-4.07(m,1H),3.01-2.89(m,1H),2.87-2.75(m,1H),1.91-1.83(m,2H)；1.33-1.27(m,6H),1.01-0.95(m,3H).
ESI-MS m/z＝400.2,[M+H] +.
实施例20
化合物N17的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000032
首先合成1-氯异丁基基氯甲酸酯:称取三光气(16.00g,53.92mmol)于100ml三颈反应瓶中，加入30ml无水二氯甲烷，反应瓶用Ar气置换3次，将反应瓶移至-20℃冷阱中不断搅拌。量取Py(0.872g,11.02mmol)用4ml的二氯甲烷稀释后，加入到反应瓶中。然后称取正丙醛(7.44g,128.1mmol)缓缓滴加入反应瓶中，滴毕，将冷阱温度设置为-2℃，继续反应20h。用水泵接上含有KOH水溶液的反应瓶进行抽气处理5min，然后将反应瓶从冷阱中移出，减压浓缩除去DCM，然后蒸馏得到无色至浅黄色油状物7.96g，收率为36.5％。
再合成1-氯异丁基甲基碳酸酯:称取1-氯异丁基氯甲酸酯(2.00g,11.7mmol)于干燥的两颈反应瓶中，加入无水DCM 10ml不断搅拌，称取甲醇(0.57g,17.84mmol)加入到上述反应瓶中，将反应瓶移至冰水浴中不断搅拌，称取吡啶(1.12g,14.16mmol)缓缓加入到上述反应瓶中，滴加过程中出现白色固体，滴毕，将反应瓶移至室温进行反应1h。向反应瓶中加入10ml水，分液，DCM层用5％KHSO 4洗至pH＝3～4，然后再用水洗至接近中性，再用饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥。减压浓缩得到无色油状物1.205g，不经纯化直接进行下一步反应；
最后合成化合物N17:参考前述；称取酮咯酸(0.792g,3.10mmol)于干燥的单口反应瓶中，加入10 ml丙酮搅拌溶解，加入DBU(0.96g,6.3mmol)和刚制备得到的1-氯丙基甲基碳酸酯(0.775g，4.67mmol)，将反应移至40℃反应1h，补加KI(0.516g,3.13mmol)和TBAB(0.204g,0.624mmol)，继续保温反应2～6h。向反应中加入DCM和水，分液，DCM层再用5％NaHCO 3洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，干燥，浓缩。快速柱层析(PE/EA＝8:1)得到无色油状物0.703g，收率为58.75％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.82-7.78(m,2H),7.55-7.51(m,1H),7.47-7.43(m,2H),6.82-6.80(m,1H),6.57(dd,J＝3.6,4.9Hz,1H),6.12-6.09(m,1H),4.61-4.53(m,1H),4.49-4.41(m,1H),4.21(d,J＝6.4Hz,3H),4.13-4.08(m,1H),3.03-2.75(m,2H),2.13-2.04(m,1H),1.02-0.96(m,6H).
ESI-MS m/z＝386.2,[M+H] +.
实施例21
化合物N18的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000033
首先合成1-氯异丁基氯甲酸酯:称取(20.00g,67.40mmol)三光气与100ml三颈反应瓶中，加入35ml无水二氯甲烷，反应瓶用Ar气置换3次，将反应瓶移至-20℃冷阱中不断搅拌。量取Py(1.09g,13.78mmol)用5ml的二氯甲烷稀释后，加入到反应瓶中。然后称取正丙醛(9.30g,160.12mmol)缓缓滴加入反应瓶中，滴毕，将冷阱温度设置为-2℃，继续反应20h。用水泵接上含有KOH水溶液的反应瓶进行抽气处理5min，然后将反应瓶从冷阱中移出，减压浓缩除去DCM，然后蒸馏得到无色至浅黄色油状物7.64g，收率为71.5％。
再合成1-氯异丁基乙基碳酸酯:称取1-氯异丁基氯甲酸酯(1.00g,5.85mmol)于干燥的两颈反应瓶中，加入无水DCM 10ml不断搅拌，称取乙醇(0.29g,8.92mmol)加入到上述反应瓶中，将反应瓶移至冰水浴中不断搅拌，称取吡啶(0.56g,7.08mmol)缓缓加入到上述反应瓶中，滴加过程中出现白色固体，滴毕，将反应瓶移至室温进行反应1h。向反应瓶中加入10ml水，分液，DCM层用5％KHSO 4洗至pH＝3～4，然后再用水洗至接近中性，再用饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥。减压浓缩得到无色油状物0.695g，不经纯化直接进行下一步反应；
最后合成化合物N18:参考前述；称取酮咯酸(0.66g,2.59mmol)于干燥的单口反应瓶中，加入10ml丙酮搅拌溶解，加入DBU(0.8g,5.25mmol)和刚制备得到的1-氯异丁基乙基碳酸酯0.67g，将反应移至40℃反应1h，补加KI(0.43g,2.61mmol)和TBAB(0.17g,0.52mmol)，继续保温反应2～6h。向反 应中加入DCM和水，分液，DCM层再用5％NaHCO 3洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，干燥，浓缩。快速柱层析(PE/EA＝8:1)得到无色油状物0.63g，收率为55.15％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.82-7.78(m,2H),7.55-7.51(m,1H),7.47-7.43(m,2H),6.82-6.80(m,1H),6.57(dd,J＝3.6,4.9Hz,1H),6.12-6.09(m,1H),4.61-4.53(m,1H),4.49-4.41(m,1H),4.27-4.14(m,2H),4.13-4.08(m,1H),3.03-2.75(m,2H),2.13-2.04(m,1H),1.35-1.25(m,3H),1.02-0.96(m,6H).
ESI-MS m/z＝400.2,[M+H] +.
实施例22
化合物N19的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000034
首先合成1-氯异丁基氯甲酸酯:称取(20.00g,67.40mmol)三光气与100ml三颈反应瓶中，加入35ml无水二氯甲烷，反应瓶用Ar气置换3次，将反应瓶移至-20℃冷阱中不断搅拌。量取Py(1.09g,13.78mmol)用5ml的二氯甲烷稀释后，加入到反应瓶中。然后称取正丙醛(9.30g,160.12mmol)缓缓滴加入反应瓶中，滴毕，将冷阱温度设置为-2℃，继续反应20h。用水泵接上含有KOH水溶液的反应瓶进行抽气处理5min，然后将反应瓶从冷阱中移出，减压浓缩除去DCM，然后蒸馏得到无色至浅黄色油状物7.64g，收率为71.5％。
合成1-氯异丁基异丙基碳酸酯:称取1-氯异丁基氯甲酸酯(1.00g,5.85mmol)于干燥的两颈反应瓶中，加入无水DCM 10ml不断搅拌，称取异丙醇(0.53g,8.78mmol)加入到上述反应瓶中，将反应瓶移至冰水浴中不断搅拌，称取吡啶(0.57g,7.21mmol)缓缓加入到上述反应瓶中，滴加过程中出现白色固体，滴毕，将反应瓶移至室温进行反应1h。向反应瓶中加入10ml水，分液，DCM层用5％KHSO 4洗至pH＝3～4，然后再用水洗至接近中性，再用饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥。减压浓缩得到无色油状物0.755g，不经纯化直接进行下一步反应；
最后合成化合物N19:称取酮咯酸(0.66g,2.59mmol)于干燥的单口反应瓶中，加入10ml丙酮搅拌溶解，加入DBU(0.80g,5.25mmol)和刚制备得到的1-氯异丁基异丙基碳酸酯0.65g，将反应移至40℃反应1h，补加KI(0.43g,2.61mmol)和TBAB(0.17g,0.52mmol)，继续保温反应2～6h。向反应中加入DCM和水，分液，DCM层再用5％NaHCO 3洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，干燥，浓缩。快速柱层析(PE/EA＝8:1)得到无色油状物0.56g，收率为47.36％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.82-7.79(m,2H),7.55-7.50(m,1H),7.47-7.42(m,2H),6.81(t,J＝4.0Hz,1H),6.56(dd,J＝5.0,2.6Hz,1H),6.13-6.09(m,1H),4.94-4.82(m,1H),4.61-4.53(m,1H),4.49-4.41(m,1H),4.13-4.08(m,1H),3.03-2.75(m,2H),2.14-2.05(m,1H),1.33-1.27(m,6H),1.02-0.96(m,6H)；
ESI-MS m/z＝414.3,[M+H] +.
实施例23
化合物N20的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000035
首先合成1-氯丙基氯甲酸酯：称取(5.00g,16.85mmol)三光气于100ml三颈反应瓶中，加入10ml无水二氯甲烷，反应瓶用Ar气置换3次，将反应瓶移至-20℃冷阱中不断搅拌。量取Py(0.27mg，3.41mg)用5ml的二氯甲烷稀释后，加入到反应瓶中。然后称取正丙醛(2.3g,39.60mmol)缓缓滴加入反应瓶中，滴毕，将冷阱温度设置为-2℃，继续反应20h。用水泵接上含有KOH水溶液的反应瓶进行抽气处理5min，然后将反应瓶从冷阱中移出，减压浓缩除去DCM，然后蒸馏得到无色至浅黄色油状2.01g，收率为75.3％。
合成1-氯丙基环己基碳酸酯:称取1-氯丙基氯甲酸酯(1.882g，12.0mmol)于干燥的两颈反应瓶中，加入无水DCM 10ml不断搅拌，称取环己醇(1.820g,18.0mmol)加入到上述反应瓶中，将反应瓶移至冰水浴中不断搅拌，称取吡啶(1.259g,14.76mmol)缓缓加入到上述反应瓶中，滴加过程中出现白色固体，滴毕，将反应瓶移至室温进行反应1h。向反应瓶中加入10ml水，分液，DCM层用5％KHSO 4洗至pH＝3～4，然后再用水洗至接近中性，再用饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥。减压浓缩得到无色油状物2.702g，不经纯化直接进行下一步反应；
化合物N20的合成：称取酮咯酸(0.872g,3.41mmol)于干燥的单口反应瓶中，加入5ml丙酮搅拌溶解，加入DBU(1.037g,6.82mmol)和刚制备得到的1-氯丙基环己基碳酸酯(1.354g,6.06mmol)，将反应移至40℃反应1h，补加KI(0.592g,3.41mmol)和TBAB(0.235g,0.68mmol)，继续保温反应2～6h。向反应中加入DCM和水，分液，DCM层再用5％NaHCO 3洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，干燥，浓缩。快速柱层析(PE/EA＝8:1)得到无色油状物0.98g，收率为65.3％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.82-7.79(m,2H),7.55-7.50(m,1H),7.47-7.42(m,2H),6.80(t,J＝4.6Hz,1H),6.08(t,J＝5.4Hz,1H),6.12-6.09(m,1H),4.67-4.53(m,2H),4.48-4.41(m,1H),4.15-4.07(m,1H),3.01-2.89(m,1H),2.86-2.74(m,1H),1.93-1.84(m,4H),1.77-1.72(m,2H),1.57-1.43(m,3H),1.41-1.30(m,3H),1.01-0.95(m,3H).
ESI-MS m/z＝440.2,[M+H] +.
实施例24
化合物N21的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000036
1-氯异丁基氯甲酸酯的合成：称取三光气(10.00g,38.70mmol)与50ml三颈反应瓶中，加入25ml无水二氯甲烷，反应瓶用Ar气置换3次，将反应瓶移至-20℃冷阱中不断搅拌。量取Py(0.55mg，6.95mmol)用5ml的二氯甲烷稀释后，加入到反应瓶中。然后称取正丙醛(4.7g，80.92mmol)缓缓滴加入反应瓶中，滴毕，将冷阱温度设置为-2℃，继续反应20h。用水泵接上含有KOH水溶液的反应瓶进行抽气处理5min，然后将反应瓶从冷阱中移出，减压浓缩除去DCM，然后蒸馏得到无色至浅黄色油状物3.82g，收率为71.5％。
1-氯异丁基环己基碳酸酯的合成:称取1-氯异丁基氯甲酸酯(1.0g，5.88mmol)于干燥的两颈反应瓶中，加入无水DCM 10ml不断搅拌，称取环己醇(0.883g,8.82mmol)加入到上述反应瓶中，将反应瓶移至冰水浴中不断搅拌，称取吡啶(0.558g,7.05mmo)缓缓加入到上述反应瓶中，滴加过程中出现白色固体，滴毕，将反应瓶移至室温进行反应1h。向反应瓶中加入10ml水，分液，DCM层用5％KHSO 4洗至pH＝3～4，然后再用水洗至接近中性，再用饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥。减压浓缩得到无色油状物0.86g，不经纯化直接进行下一步反应；
化合物N21的合成：称取酮咯酸(0.5g,1.96mmol)于干燥的单口反应瓶中，加入5ml丙酮搅拌溶解，加入DBU(0.45g,3.41mmol)和刚制备得到的1-氯异丁基环己基碳酸酯(0.798g,3.41mmol)，将反应移至40℃反应1h，补加KI(0.325g,1.96mmol)和TBAB(0.126g,0.39mmol)，继续保温反应2～6h。向反应中加入DCM和水，分液，DCM层再用5％NaHCO 3洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，干燥，浓缩。快速柱层析(PE/EA＝8:1)得到无色油状物0.51g，收率为58.5％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.83-7.79(m,2H),7.54-7.9(m,1H),7.47-7.41(m,2H),6.84-6.78(m,1H),6.10(t,J＝5.4Hz,1H),6.12-6.10(m,1H),4.68-4.52(m,2H),4.48-4.42(m,1H),4.16-4.05(m,1H),3.03-2.91(m,1H),2.88-2.75(m,1H),2.06-1.88(m,3H),1.79-1.71(m,2H),1.58-1.42(m,3H),1.44-1.32(m,3H),1.03-0.93(m,6H).
ESI-MS m/z＝454.4,[M+H] +.
实施例25
化合物N22的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000037
酮咯酸酰氯的合成：称取酮咯酸(1.0g，3.92mmol)于50ml预干燥的两口反应瓶中，加入无水DCM10ml，不断搅拌下反应瓶用N 2置换2次，将反应瓶移至冰浴条件下不断搅拌，加入5滴DMF，然后让反应瓶中缓缓滴加草酰氯(0.746g，5.88mmol)，滴毕，保持冰浴反应2h。将反应减压浓缩出去溶剂得到黄色油状物0.92g，不经进一步纯化，直接进行下一步反应；
1-氯乙基酮咯酸酯的合成：N 2保护下，将刚制备得到酮咯酸酰氯(0.92g，3.37mmol)置于50ml两口反应瓶中，向反应瓶中加入无水ZnCl 2(46mg，0.337mmol)。然后量取无水甲苯(20ml)加入反应瓶中，将反应瓶移至冰浴中，不断搅拌。称取三聚乙醛(147mg，1.11mmol)用5ml甲苯稀释后，缓缓滴加入上述反应瓶中，滴毕，将反应移至80℃加热反应6h。向反应瓶中加入10ml水，分液，DCM层再用5％的NaHCO 3水溶液洗2次至pH～9，再水洗，饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，减压浓缩得黄褐色油状物0.91g，即为1-氯乙基酮咯酸酯粗品，不经继续纯化直接进行下一步反应；
化合物N22的合成：称取酮咯酸(0.5g，1.96mmol)，KHCO 3(0.3g，3.0mmol)于50ml单口反应瓶中，加入10ml丙酮不断搅拌，然后称取1-氯乙基酮咯酸酯(0.93g，2.93mmol)加入反应瓶中，将反应加热到60℃反应6h。向反应中加入DCM和水，分液，DCM层再用5％NaHCO 3洗，水洗，饱和食盐水洗，干燥，浓缩。快速柱层析(PE/EA＝3:1)得到黄色油状物332.09mg，收率为31.6％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.8301-7.8106(m,4H),7.5671-7.5201(m,2H),7.4856-7.45276(m,4H),6.9409-6.8896(m,2H),6.8448-6.8250(m,1H),6.1611-6.1.1026(m,2H),4.6335-4.5599(m,2H),4.4835-4.4213(m,2H),4.0994-4.0534(m,2H),2.9910-2.8786(m,2H),2.8511-2.7639(m,2H),2.0821(d,6H,J＝8.3Hz),1.5349(q,3H,J＝2.7Hz)；
ESI-MS m/z＝537.2,[M+H] +.
对比例1
化合物N11的合成
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000038
室温下，称取酮咯酸1.0g于干燥的50mL反应瓶中，加入5mL异丙醇搅拌溶解，然后缓缓向反应瓶中加入0.5mL浓硫酸，滴毕。反应继续在室温下反应2h，向反应瓶中加入水(10mL)和乙酸乙酯(30mL)，分液。有机层再用5％NaHCO 3洗，无水硫酸钠干燥，浓缩后经快速柱层析(PE/EA＝6:1)得目标产物1.05g，收率为91％；
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.8254-7.8014(m,2H),7.5459-7.5024(m,1H),7.4650-7.4255(m,2H),6.8197-6.8098(m,1H),6.0940-6.0823(m,1H),5.1195-5.0256(m,1H),4.6155-4.5501(m,1H),4.4640-4.3973(m,1H),4.0436-4.0064(m,1H),2.9737-2.8888(m,1H),2.8199-2.7300(m,1H),1.2950-1.2641(t,36,J＝6.2Hz)；
化合物N21所示酮咯酸衍生物，其侧链选自脂肪链，作为本发明化合物的对照化合物。
对比例2
购买已上市药物氟比洛芬酯(FPA)作为本发明化合物的对照化合物。
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000039
试验例1 化合物高温稳定性研究
试验方案：将本发明制备的化合物置于无色透明西林瓶中，在高温(60℃)条件下遮光放置，分别在0天、5天、10天取样，测定化合物纯度及有关物质(酮咯酸)的变化情况，结果如表1所示：
表1
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000040
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000041
由试验结果可知，本发明化合物在60℃下放置，均可保持相对较高的稳定性。
试验例2 化合物左旋对映异构体在溶剂中的稳定性研究
1、试验方案：将化合物(N2(S)、N12(S)、N15(S)、N16(S))分别溶于中链甘油三酸酯(MCT)中，所得样品置5℃、25℃、60℃条件下留样，分别在0天、5天、15天、30天取样，测定化合物纯度、有关物质(酮咯酸)及异构体(右旋)的变化情况。
2、试验方法：按表2制备样品，每份样品分别按照放样体积分装10瓶，样品按表3放样。
表2 溶液稳定性考察样品处方
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000042
表3 放样地点、考察条件以及时间
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000043
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000044
“√”代表测定有关物质和异构体；“/”代表不测定
3、实验过程：
⑴样品制备：
①含药MCT溶液的制备：分别称取化合物N2(S)、N12(S)、N15(S)、N16(S)原料药6g，加入MCT 9g，磁力搅拌20分钟。
⑵分装留样：
①将各批含药MCT溶液各批分装于10支西林瓶中，做好名称、批号标记。
②从每批样品各取三支存于不透光盒子中，按照实验方法中各条件进行留样考察。
⑶0天样品送样：
①从每批样品中各取出一支，作为0天样品。
②送样分析进行有关物质和异构体检测。
4、有关物质测定按照高效液相色谱法(中国药典2015年版通则0512)测定。
⑴色谱条件：色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB-C8，4.6mm×250mm，5μm，以0.1％磷酸溶液-乙腈(50：50)为流动相；检测波长为310nm；流速为每分钟1.0ml；柱温为40℃，照下表进行线性梯度洗脱；
⑵测定法：取本品适量，精密称定，加稀释剂[无水乙醇]振摇使溶解并定量稀释制成每1ml中约含0.4mg的溶液，涡旋30s，采用PTFE滤膜(0.22μm，津腾)过滤，取续滤液，作为供试品溶液。精密量取10μl注入液相色谱仪，记录色谱图；供试品溶液色谱图中，如有杂质峰，按峰面积归一化法计算，即得。
5、异构体测定按照高效液相色谱法(中国药典2015年版通则0512)测定。
⑴色谱条件：用纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)硅胶为填充剂(Chiralcel OD-H，250×4.6mm，5μm)；以正己烷-异丙醇(90：10)为流动相，等度洗脱约25min，流速为每分钟1.0ml；柱温为35℃；检测波长为310nm。
⑵测定法：取本品适量，精密称定，加稀释剂(正己烷-异丙醇(90：10))振摇使溶解并定量稀释制成每1ml中约含1.0mg的溶液，涡旋30s，采用PTFE滤膜(0.22μm，津腾)过滤，取续滤液，作为供试品溶液。精密量取20μl注入液相色谱仪，记录色谱图；供试品溶液色谱图中，如有异构体峰，按峰面积归一化法计算，即得。
测试结果如表4所示：
表4
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000045
Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-000046
由试验结果可知，本发明化合物的左旋对应异构体在油相中，不同温度下放置30天，有关物质及异构体均可保持相对较高的稳定性。
试验例3 化合物在血浆中的酶解动力学实验
1、实验过程：
将实施例中制备的化合物N2、N8、N12、N15、N16；对比例1制备的化合物N11；对比例2氟比洛芬酯分批次进行人血浆中的酶解动力学实验，实验方法如下：
(1)配制4mM的化合物NX(X代表不同的化合物编号)，4mM的氟比洛芬酯的甲醇贮备液，配制4mM的酮咯酸的甲醇贮备液；
(2)取25μL酮咯酸贮备液与1mL的人血浆中混合，涡旋30s，取样200μL加入800μL乙腈沉降蛋白，涡旋1min终止反应，作为酮咯酸对照；
(3)4mM的化合物NX，4mM的氟比洛芬酯贮备液稀释200倍作为对照；
(4)取100μL化合物NX，氟比洛芬酯的甲醇贮备液加入4mL的人血浆中混合，涡旋30s，置于37℃恒温振荡水浴加热器中100rpm振荡；
(5)在不同时间点(0、15、30、60、120min)取样200μL，每个时间点取样3次，加入800μL乙腈沉降蛋白，涡旋1min终止反应；并用相同的方法做空白血浆对照；
(6)12000rpm，4℃离心10min，取上清液，(过滤膜)进样30μL，记录峰面积变化(如图2)；
(7)观察并分析化合物NX，氟比洛芬酯的代谢速率，并根据数据筛选出合适的化合物NX。
2、实验结果：
1)化合物N2及代谢生成的酮咯酸含量变化如表5所示；化合物N2不同时间下血浆代谢速率，如附图6所示。
表5
  0min 15min 30min 60min 120min
化合物含量％ 98.950±3.765 88.103±2.289 72.813±2.707 47.510±1.739 12.573±0.260
酮咯酸含量％ 1.050±0.079 8.860±0.426 20.993±0.561 34.590±1.381 59.790±2.019
2)化合物N8及代谢生成的酮咯酸含量变化如表6所示；化合物N8不同时间下血浆代谢速率，如附图7所示。
表6
  0min 15min 30min 60min 120min
化合物含量％ 100±1.782 69.713±6.985 42.467±2.983 8.777±0.560 0
酮咯酸含量％ 0 19.140±1.467 36.277±3.301 53.130±2.171 65.997±3.446
3)化合物N12及代谢生成的酮咯酸含量变化如表7所示；化合物N12不同时间下血浆代谢速率，如附图8所示。
表7
  0min 15min 30min 60min 120min
化合物含量％ 97.967±6.878 56.277±3.890 25.590±1.131 5.997±0.976 0
酮咯酸含量％ 2.033±0.342 34.203±3.165 53.297±1.296 76.623±10.483 87.973±4.045
4)化合物N15及代谢生成的酮咯酸含量变化如表8所示；化合物N15不同时间下血浆代谢速率，如附图9所示；化合物N13在人血浆中降解的液相色谱图，如附图10所示。
表8
  0min 15min 30min 60min 120min
化合物含量％ 99.560±2.324 76.800±2.423 46.680±2.229 12.760±1.133 0.893±0.051
酮咯酸含量％ 1.727±1.502 23.933±1.119 50.917±1.868 83.957±3.139 96.910±3.848
5)化合物N16及代谢生成的酮咯酸含量变化如表9所示；化合物N16不同时间下血浆代谢速率，如附图11所示。
表9
  0min 15min 30min 60min 120min
化合物含量％ 100±4.001 82.710±1.909 65.987±0.506 35.437±1.960 7.047±0.374
酮咯酸含量％ 0 9.847±2.479 28.653±0.277 56.793±2.096 70.443±4.274
6)对比例1化合物N11及代谢生成的酮咯酸含量变化如表10所示；化合物N11不同时间下血浆代谢速率，如附图12所示；化合物N11在人血浆中降解的液相色谱图，如附图13所示。
表10
  0min 15min 30min 60min 120min
化合物含量％ 99.700±2.928 99.813±4.881 89.807±2.538 83.490±9.087 65.997±3.446
酮咯酸含量％ 0 0 0 2.270±0.328 9.840±1.977
7)对比例2氟比洛芬酯及代谢生成的氟比洛芬含量变化如表11所示；氟比洛芬酯不同时间下血浆代谢速率，如图14所示。
表11
  0min 15min 30min 60min 120min
化合物含量％ 99.285±3.049 76.265±3.146 61.665±1.372 37.618±4.180 15.152±2.400
氟比洛芬含量％ 0 15.657±0.432 27.593±1.075 36.193±4.749 53.317±3.102
由试验结果可知，上述化合物在人血浆中均可发生降解，并代谢产生相应的代谢产物(酮咯酸或氟比洛芬)。其中，氟比洛芬酯可较快的发生代谢并伴随着代谢产物氟比洛芬含量的增加，但生成的氟比洛芬仅有50％。而化合物N11的代谢速率缓慢，120分钟后化合物含量仍保留将近70％，生成的酮咯酸的量也较少，不足10％；其余化合物N2、N8、N12、N15、N16均可加快的发生降解并产生较多的酮咯酸。
试验例4
由浓度与时间的关系可得，化合物的水解过程符合一级反应动力学，以剩余化合物浓度的自然对数对 时间作图，可得一条直线，由其斜率得到反应速率常数k，并由t 1/2＝0.693/k计算得半衰期，其测试结果如表12所示：
表12
化合物名称 T1/2(min)
N2 38.56
N8 16.93
N12 14.77
N15 16.93
N16 31.55
N11 347
FPA 40.82
由试验结果可知，化合物N11的降解速率较慢，半衰期较长(T 1/2＝347min)；FPA的半衰期为40.82min，与化合物N2(T 1/2＝38.56min)相近；化合物N8(T 1/2＝16.93min)，N12(T 1/2＝14.77min)和N15(T 1/2＝16.93min)的代谢速率均较快，半衰期相近。总体来看，本发明要求的化合物的半衰期均小于FPA，说明它们可在人血浆中快速降解，并产生活性代谢产物酮咯酸，从而发挥相应的生理作用。
试验例5
副产物毒性测试：根据化合物在人体内的代谢途径对代谢副产物的毒性进行测试，化合物N2～N22在人体内代谢副产物及毒性如下表所示：
编号 人体内代谢副产物 毒性
N2 乙醛、异丙醇 较小
N3 丙醛、乙酸 较小
N4 乙醛、丙酸 较小
N5 异丁醛、乙酸 异丁醛毒性较大
N6 乙醛、异丁酸 异丁酸毒性较大
N7 乙醛、特戊酸 特戊酸毒性较大
N8 丙醛、丙酸 较小
N9 异丁醛、丙酸 异丁醛毒性较大
N10 乙醛、环己醇 较小
N12 乙醛、乙酸 较小
N13 乙醛、甲醇 甲醇毒性较大
N14 丙醛、甲醇 甲醇毒性较大
N15 丙醛、乙醇 较小
N16 乙醛、异丙醇 较小
N17 异丁醛、甲醇 异丁醛、甲醇毒性较大
N18 异丁醛、乙醇 异丁醛毒性较大
N19 异丁醛、异丙醇 异丁醛毒性较大
N20 丙醛、环己醇 较小
N21 异丁醛、环己醇 异丁醛毒性较大
N22 乙醛 较小
由以上测试数据，该系列化合物在人体内代谢后的副产物毒性较小，特别是化合物N2、N3、N4、N8、N10、N12、N15、N16、N20、N21、N22，具有较好的药物临床应用前景。
化合物N2、N8、N12、N15、N16及其左旋对映异构体，即1位碳是S构型的异构体，不仅人体内代谢后的副产物毒性小，且同时具有较快的代谢速率，更加适应开发为注射制剂，给药方式可以选自：皮下注射剂、肌肉注射、静脉推注，静脉滴注等。
此外，化合物N10、N20、N21、N22及其左旋对映异构体，即1位碳是S构型的异构体，人体内代谢后的副产物毒性较小，且同时具有缓慢的代谢速率，更加适应开发为长效缓释制剂。
以上，对本发明的实施方式进行了说明。但是，本发明不限定于上述实施方式。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物，
    Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-100001
    其中，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氢、C 1-40烷基、C 2-40烯基、C 2-40炔基、C 1-40烷氧基、C 3-40环烷基、C 3-40环烷基氧基、3-20元杂环基、未取代或被Ra取代的C 6-20芳基、未取代或被Ra取代的5-20元杂芳基或被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的3-20元杂环基；每个Ra相同或不同，彼此独立地选自卤素、C 1-40烷基、C 1-40烷氧基、C 6-20芳基酰基。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氢、C 1-20烷基、C 2-20烯基、C 2-20炔基、C 1-20烷氧基、C 3-20环烷基、C 3-20环烷基氧基、5-10元杂环基、未取代或被Ra取代的C 6-14芳基、未取代或被Ra取代的5-14元杂芳基、或被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的5-14元杂环基；每个Ra相同或不同，彼此独立地选自卤素、C 1-20烷基、C 1-20烷氧基、C 6-20芳基酰基。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氢、C 1-8烷基、C 2-8烯基、C 2-8炔基、C 1-8烷氧基、C 3-8环烷基、C 3-8环烷基氧基、5-10元杂环基、未取代或被Ra取代的C 6-10芳基、未取代或被Ra取代的5-10元杂芳基、或被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的5-10元杂环基；每个Ra相同或不同，彼此独立地选自C 6-10芳基酰基。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同，彼此独立地选自氢、C 1-6烷基、C 2-6烯基、C 2-6炔基、C 1-6烷氧基、C 3-6环烷基、C 3-6环烷基氧基、5-8元杂环基、未取代或被Ra取代的C 6-8芳基、未取代或被Ra取代的5-8元杂芳基、或被一个、两个或更多个Ra取代的5-8元杂环基；每个Ra相同或不同，彼此独立地选自C 6-10芳基酰基，例如苯酰基。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，R 1选自氢、甲基、乙基、异丙基、异丁基、叔丁基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基；R 2选自氢、甲基、乙基、异丙基、异丁基、叔丁基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基；R 3选自甲基、乙基、异丙基、叔丁基、异丁基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基、叔丁氧基、异丁氧基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己基氧基或
    Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-100002
    表示连接位点。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的化合物，其特征在于，式(I)所示化合物选自以下结构：
    Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-100003
    优选地，式(I)所示化合物优选其左旋对映异构体，例如选自以下结构：
    Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-100004
  7. 权利要求1所述式(I)所示的化合物的制备方法，所述方法包括，将下述化合物1和化合物2反应得到式(I)所示化合物：
    Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-100005
    其中，R 1、R 2和R 3均独立地具有权利要求1所述的定义；
    L选自离去基团，如卤素、羟基；
    化合物1选自消旋的、R构型、S构型或酮咯酸，即选自(±)-5-苯甲酰基-2,3-二氢-1H-吡咯嗪-1-羧酸、(R)-5-苯甲酰基-2,3-二氢-1H-吡咯嗪-1-羧酸或(S)-5-苯甲酰基-2,3-二氢-1H-吡咯嗪-1-羧酸；
    优选地，所述化合物2选自如下化合物3或化合物4：
    Figure PCTCN2021099033-appb-100006
    其中，R 1、R 2和R 3均独立地具有权利要求1所述的定义；
    X选自氯、溴或碘。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法可以在有机溶剂的存在下进行；所述有机溶剂可以选自下列的至少一种：丙酮、二甲基亚砜、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺，醚类，如乙基丙基醚、正丁基醚、苯甲醚、苯乙醚、环己基甲基醚、二甲基醚、二乙基醚、二甲基乙二醇、联苯醚、二丙基醚、二异丙基醚、二正丁基醚、二异丁基醚、二异戊基醚、乙二醇二甲基醚、异丙基乙基醚、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、二氯二乙基醚、以及环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的聚醚；脂肪族、环脂肪族或芳香族烃类，如戊烷、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、壬烷，以及可能被氟和氯原子取代的类，如亚甲基氯化物、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、氟苯、氯苯或二氯苯；环己烷、甲基环己烷、石油醚、辛烷、苯、甲苯、氯苯、溴苯、二甲苯；酯类如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯及碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二丁酯或碳酸乙烯酯；
    优选地，所述制备方法可以在缚酸剂，如碱的存在下进行；所述的碱可以为有机碱或无机碱。例如，所述无机碱可以选自下列的至少一种：碱金属或碱土金属的氢化物、氢氧化物、醇盐、醋酸盐、氟化物、磷酸盐、碳酸盐及碳酸氢盐。优选的碱是氨基钠、氢化钠、二异丙基氨基锂、甲醇钠、叔丁醇钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、醋酸钠、磷酸钠、磷酸钾、氟化钾、氟化铯、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸氢钠及碳酸铯；所述有机碱可以选自下列的至少一种：叔胺、被取代或未被取代的吡啶类及被取代或未被取代的三乙胺、三甲胺、N,N-二异丙基乙基胺、三正丙胺、三正丁胺、三正己胺、三环己胺、N-甲基环己胺、N-甲基吡咯烷、N-甲基哌啶、N-乙基哌啶、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N-甲基吗啉、吡啶、2,3-或4-甲基吡啶、2-甲基-5-乙基吡啶、2,6-二甲基吡啶、2,4,6-三甲基吡啶、4-二甲基氨基吡啶、喹啉、甲基喹啉、N,N,N,N-四甲基乙二胺、N,N-二甲基-1,4-二氮杂环己烷，、N,N-二乙基-1,4-二氮杂环己烷、1,8-双(二甲氨基)萘、二氮杂二环辛烷(DABCO)、二氮杂二环壬烷(DBN)、二氮杂二环十一烷(DBU)、丁基咪唑及甲基咪唑；
    优选地，所述制备方法可以在催化剂，例如相转移催化剂的存在下进行；所述催化剂可以选自四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)、四丁基氯化铵(TBAC)、四丁基碘化铵(TBAI)、碘化钾、碘化钠或18-冠-6；
    优选地，所述制备方法的反应温度为-5～80℃，例如为0-50℃；
    优选地，所述制备方法的反应时间为0.5～24h，例如为1-12h。
  9. 权利要求1-6任一项所述式(I)所示化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物在制备非甾体抗炎药物中的应用；
    所述药物优选用于治疗类风湿关节炎、腰痛症、偏头痛、神经痛、肩关节周围炎、骨性关节炎，颈肩腕综合征的消炎和/或镇痛，手术后、外伤后或拔牙后的镇痛和/或消炎，急性上呼吸道炎解热和/或镇痛。
  10. 一种药物组合物，其包含治疗有效量的权利要求1-6任一项所述式(I)所示的化合物、其消旋体、立体异构体、药学上可接受的盐或溶剂合物。
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