WO2021253828A1 - 阻火器 - Google Patents

阻火器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021253828A1
WO2021253828A1 PCT/CN2021/073197 CN2021073197W WO2021253828A1 WO 2021253828 A1 WO2021253828 A1 WO 2021253828A1 CN 2021073197 W CN2021073197 W CN 2021073197W WO 2021253828 A1 WO2021253828 A1 WO 2021253828A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flame
flame arrestor
arrestor
fire
arrester
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/073197
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
鲍磊
于安峰
王鹏
党文义
白永忠
邝辰
凌晓东
陈国鑫
李厚达
顾蒙
Original Assignee
中国石油化工股份有限公司
中国石油化工股份有限公司青岛安全工程研究院
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 中国石油化工股份有限公司, 中国石油化工股份有限公司青岛安全工程研究院 filed Critical 中国石油化工股份有限公司
Priority to JP2022578643A priority Critical patent/JP2023530022A/ja
Priority to EP21826901.7A priority patent/EP4169587A4/en
Priority to US18/002,136 priority patent/US20230226393A1/en
Publication of WO2021253828A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021253828A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C4/00—Flame traps allowing passage of gas but not of flame or explosion wave
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C4/00—Flame traps allowing passage of gas but not of flame or explosion wave
    • A62C4/02—Flame traps allowing passage of gas but not of flame or explosion wave in gas-pipes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of pipeline fire suppression and explosion suppression, in particular to a flame arrestor.
  • the existing flame arrestor usually includes a substantially cylindrical flame arrestor shell and a flame arrester core arranged in the flame arrestor shell.
  • the flame arrestor core contains a large number of small passages, so the flame passing through the flame arrester shell can be divided into a large number of small flame beams. In this way, based on the heat transfer function and the wall effect, the flame arrestor can reduce the temperature of the flame below the ignition point, or prevent the combustion reaction from continuing, resulting in the flame being unable to propagate through the flame arrestor.
  • deflagration or detonation often occurs in fires. Therefore, the flames propagating in the pipeline often include deflagration or detonation flames.
  • the existing flame arresters have insufficient effect on suppressing such deflagration or detonation flames. Even if the thickness of the firestop core is increased or the micropore size of the firestop core is reduced, the purpose of preventing detonation and deflagration cannot be fully and effectively achieved.
  • the present invention aims to provide an improved flame arrestor, which can effectively suppress deflagration or detonation flames.
  • a flame arrester which includes a flame arrester housing having an inlet and an outlet, and a flame arrester core arranged in the flame arrestor housing.
  • the flame arrestor shell is provided with a flame arresting mechanism located between the flame arresting core and the inlet for preventing flames from directly impacting the central area of the flame arresting core.
  • the passage is formed by a number of through holes opened on the circumferential wall of the flame arrestor.
  • the fire barrier includes a porous part or a mesh part, wherein the pores in the porous part or the mesh of the mesh part form the channel.
  • the flame arrestor includes a porous part and a mesh part arranged adjacently in the axial or radial direction, wherein the pores in the porous part or the mesh of the mesh part are formed by ⁇ channel.
  • the total area of the passage is greater than twice the cross-sectional area of the medium conveying pipeline connected to the flame arrestor.
  • the fire-stop cylinder is configured to have a gradually increasing volume along a direction toward the fire-stop core.
  • the fire-stop mechanism includes two fire-stop cylinders arranged symmetrically with respect to the fire-stop core.
  • the flame arrestor shell is formed as a cylinder, and is connected to the inlet and the outlet respectively through connecting sections on both sides.
  • the flame arrestor shell has a transition section in an area adjacent to the connecting section, and the flame arrestor tube is arranged in the transition section area.
  • the fire-stop mechanism further includes a fire-stop plate assembly arranged between the fire-stop cylinder and the fire-stop core.
  • both the first and second firestops are formed as partial circular plates defined by superior arc segments and straight segments.
  • the superior arc sections of the first flame arrestor and the second flame arrestor are both installed on the inner wall of the flame arrestor shell, and the straight sections of the first flame arrestor and the second flame arrestor are mutually connected. They are parallel and extend oppositely beyond the longitudinal centerline of the flame arrestor shell.
  • an included angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than or equal to 45 degrees is formed between the first and second flame arrestor plates and the cross section of the flame arrestor housing, preferably an angle greater than or equal to 45 degrees is formed.
  • the flame arrestor satisfies the following relationship: 1.5d ⁇ h1 ⁇ d; 1.5d ⁇ h2 ⁇ d; D ⁇ 2d; h1>0.5D; h2>0.5D, where D is the The diameter of the body, d is the diameter of the connecting section, and h1 and h2 are the projected lengths of the first and second flame arrestor plates in the cross-sectional direction of the flame arrestor shell, respectively.
  • the flame arrestor assembly includes a central flame arrestor plate arranged on the axial centerline of the flame arrestor housing, and three equal sides with respect to the axial centerline.
  • both the central fire-stop plate and the peripheral fire-stop plate bend in accordance with the flow direction of the medium, and the central fire-stop plate is in front of the peripheral fire-stop plate in the medium flow direction;
  • the central fire-stop plate and the peripheral fire-stop plate are both bent against the flow direction of the medium, and the central fire-stop plate is behind the peripheral fire-stop plate in the medium flow direction.
  • the area of the circumscribed circle of the projection of the central fire-stop plate and the peripheral fire-stop plate on the fire-stop core is larger than the cross-sectional area of the connecting section of the fire-stopper, and The projections of the central fire-stop plate and the peripheral fire-stop plate on the fire-stop core at least partially overlap.
  • two flame arrester assemblies are arranged symmetrically with respect to the flame arrester core in the flame arrestor housing.
  • a flame arrestor comprising: a flame arrestor housing, the flame arrestor housing having a substantially cylindrical body, a connecting section connected to both ends of the body, and the connecting section Two connected ports, wherein both ends of the body are connected to the connecting section through a transition section; a fire arrester core arranged in the flame arrestor shell; a fire arrester tube arranged in the transition section of the body, so The first end of the flame arrestor is communicated with one of the ports through one of the connecting sections, the second end of the flame arrestor facing the flame arrester is closed, and the circumferential wall of the flame arrestor is provided with a channel for medium to circulate; And a fire-stop plate assembly arranged between the fire-stop cylinder and the fire-stop core, the fire-stop assembly at least includes a first fire-stop plate and a second fire-stop plate spaced apart along the axial direction, the first A flame arrestor and a second flame arrestor are staggered and installed on the inner wall of the flame arrester
  • Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of a flame arrestor with a flat surface used in the flame arrestor shown in Figure 1, showing the distribution of through holes opened on the flame arrestor;
  • Figure 4 shows the overall structure of the first modification of the flame arrestor according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 shows the overall structure of a second variant of the flame arrestor according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 schematically shows the arrangement position relationship of the four fire arresters in the flame arrestor shown in Fig. 5;
  • Figure 7 shows the overall structure of a third modification of the flame arrestor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 shows the overall structure of the flame arrestor according to the second embodiment of the present invention, in which a flame arrestor is used;
  • Figure 9 shows the overall structure of the first modification of the flame arrestor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 shows the overall structure of a second modification of the flame arrestor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 shows the overall structure of a third modification of the flame arrestor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 shows the overall structure of a fourth modification of the flame arrestor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 shows the overall structure of a fifth modification of the flame arrestor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 shows the overall structure of a sixth modification of the flame arrestor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 15 shows the overall structure of the flame arrestor according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a flame arrestor 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the flame arrestor 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a flame arrestor housing 101 and a flame arrestor core 200 provided in the flame arrestor housing 101.
  • the flame arrestor housing 101 is substantially cylindrical, and includes a main body 102 and connecting sections 103 respectively provided on both sides of the main body 102.
  • the two connecting sections 103 respectively have an inlet 110 and an outlet 120, which are both connected to the medium conveying pipe 400 ( Figure 1 only shows that the inlet 110 is connected to the medium conveying pipe 400).
  • both the body 102 and the connecting section 103 are constructed in a substantially cylindrical shape, respectively having a diameter D and a diameter d, where D>d.
  • D is usually 2-4 times d, especially about 2 times.
  • the body 102 is usually connected to the connecting section 103 through a transition section 105, and the fire arrester core 200 is generally arranged at the axial center position of the flame arrester housing 101.
  • the firestop core 200 can adopt a variety of structures, such as corrugated plates, metal wire meshes, sintered metal fillers, metal foams, metal pellets, filling fillers, and the like. It should be noted that, depending on the gas medium, the unit feature size requirements of the firestop core 200 are different. At the same time, the fire-stop core 200 itself should include a structure with a certain supporting ability to prevent the fire-stop core 200 from being damaged when it is impacted by deflagration or detonation. The design of the firestop core 200 is well known to those skilled in the art, and will not be repeated here.
  • the inventor of the present application surprisingly found through a large number of experiments that when a deflagration or detonation phenomenon occurs in a pipeline, the flame retardant core area at the center of the pipeline is most impacted by the deflagration or detonation flame, and the explosion surface is The center is gradually expanding to the surroundings. Based on this creative discovery, the inventor of the present application has improved the traditional flame arrester, adding a flame arresting mechanism that can avoid deflagration or detonation flames from impacting the central area of the flame arrestor.
  • a flame arrester assembly 300 is provided between the inlet 110 and the flame arrester core 200.
  • the fire arrester assembly 300 is configured to prevent the deflagration or detonation flame from the medium conveying pipe 400 from directly impacting the central area of the fire arrester 200.
  • the firestop assembly 300 includes a first firestop 301 and a second firestop 306.
  • the first flame arrestor 301 and the second flame arrestor 306 are arranged in tandem along the longitudinal axis of the flame arrester housing 101, and are spaced apart from each other by a certain distance.
  • first flame arrestor 301 and the second flame arrestor 306 are arranged radially opposite to each other in the circumferential direction of the body 102 of the flame arrestor housing 101, and their radial outer sides are connected to the inner surface of the body 102, while the radial inner sides are connected to the inner surface of the body 102. At least partially overlapped at the center of the flame arrestor housing 101.
  • the flame arrestor assembly 300 between the flame arrestor core 200 and the inlet 110 in the flame arrestor housing 101, the diversion of the deflagration or detonation flame can be realized, and the deflagration or detonation can be reduced.
  • the impact of the flame on the central area of the flame arrestor core 200 reduces the propagation speed of the deflagration or detonation flame, thereby effectively achieving the purpose of preventing detonation or deflagration.
  • this structure is compact and light, convenient to manufacture, and low in cost.
  • the first flame arrestor 301 and the second flame arrestor 306 of the flame arrestor assembly 300 are spaced apart from each other and are arranged on the body 102 of the flame arrestor housing 101 Inside, the medium can still better flow through the flame arrestor housing 101. Therefore, compared to a flame arrestor with a traditional structure, the flame arrestor 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention can effectively prevent detonation or deflagration and also has a higher medium circulation efficiency.
  • the flame arrestor 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention reduces the impact of deflagration or detonation flames on the central area of the flame arrestor core 200, so that the deflagration or detonation flames more impact on the periphery of the flame arrestor core 200 area.
  • the heat absorption capacity is strong, so that the fire resistance effect can be effectively achieved.
  • the surrounding area receives stronger support, the impact resistance of the firestop core 200 is improved. Therefore, the service life and the fire resistance performance of the firestop core 200 in the firestop 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention are also significantly improved.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the first fire barrier 301.
  • the first flame arrestor 301 is configured as a flat circular plate with a diameter matching the inner diameter of the body 102 of the flame arrestor housing 101, but a part of the area is cut off. That is, the cross section of the first fire-stop plate 301 is enclosed by the superior arc section 304 and the straight line section 303. In this way, the area of the first fire-stop plate 301 is larger than half of the cross-sectional area of the body 102, but smaller than the cross-sectional area of the body 102.
  • the fire barrier needs to withstand the impact from the detonation pressure. Under normal circumstances, the flame arrestor should ensure that the deformation is less than 5% under the impact of 20 times the design pressure of the flame arrester, and there is no structural damage. Therefore, the wall thickness of the fire barrier should be set according to different fire barrier media and pressures. In this embodiment, the wall thickness of the first fire barrier 301 should be greater than or equal to 5 mm.
  • reinforcing ribs (not shown) can also be appropriately provided on the first fire barrier 301. Reinforcing ribs are usually made of stainless steel or carbon steel, and can be connected to the fire barrier by welding, riveting or integral molding, so as to form a convex or rib shape on the surface of the fire barrier.
  • the pressure resistance range of the stiffener should not be less than 20 times the design pressure of the flame arrester.
  • a plurality of spaced through holes 302 are opened in the area of the inner wall of the main body 102 of the housing 101, that is, the upper half area in FIG. 2.
  • the included angle ⁇ formed by the center line of each through hole 302 and the thickness direction of the first fire barrier 301 is less than or equal to 90°.
  • the through hole 302 may be formed as an oblique hole opened on the flat surface of the first fire-stop plate 301, so as to guide the flame toward the center part away from the fire-stop core.
  • the second fire-stop plate 306 has the same structure as the first fire-stop plate 301, except that the installation direction is opposite.
  • the size of the first flame arrestor assembly 300 needs to meet the following requirements:
  • d is the diameter of the connecting section 103
  • D is the diameter of the body 102
  • h1 and h2 are the projection lengths of the first flame arrester 301 and the second flame arrester 306 in the cross-sectional direction of the flame arrester housing 101, respectively .
  • h1 here is the length of the first fire-stop plate 301, that is, the straight section 303 to the first fire-stop plate 301 The farthest distance at any point on the periphery of the first fire-stop plate 301.
  • the definition of h2 is similar.
  • the distance between the first fire barrier 301 and the second fire barrier 306 can be selected according to the actual size of the body 102. Generally, the distance between the first fire barrier 301 and the second fire barrier 306 should be less than or equal to 0.5h1 or 0.5h2. At the same time, the fire stop plate closest to the fire stop core 200, that is, the distance between the second fire stop plate 306 and the fire stop core 200 should also be less than or equal to 0.5h1 or 0.5h2.
  • the detonation flame from the medium conveying pipeline 400 enters the flame arrestor housing 101 of the flame arrestor 100 through the connection section 103 from the inlet 110.
  • the central part of the detonation flame will follow the arrow in FIG. The direction enters the fire-stop core 200 without direct impact on the central area of the fire-stop core 200.
  • the outer part of the detonation flame will directly pass through the through holes 302 on the first flame arrestor plate 301 and the second flame arrestor plate 306 arranged close to the inner wall of the flame arrestor housing 101 and enter the flame arrestor core 200, thereby It will not cause a direct impact on the central area of the firestop core 200 either.
  • flame arresters can be divided into:
  • test pressure of ethylene air is usually 1.1 bar
  • the instantaneous pressure of detonation impact is above 70 bar
  • the average pressure is about 13-16 bar.
  • Different test pipe specifications have different pressures.
  • the instantaneous pressure of the detonation impact is above 72bar
  • the average pressure is 13.4bar.
  • a flame arrestor F1 for ethylene propagation in the air is provided.
  • the flame arrestor F1 is suitable for DN100 pipelines, and the length of the entire flame arrestor is 500mm.
  • the firestop core 200 is a firestop core for ethylene resistance, which uses a corrugated plate firestop plate and a support member, with a total thickness of 50mm.
  • the diameter of the connecting section 103 of the flame arrestor is 100 mm, the diameter of the main body 102 is 220 mm, and the wall thickness of the flame arrestor housing 101 is 6 mm.
  • the flame arrestor F1 can withstand the impact of ethylene air detonation higher than normal pressure and successfully arrest the fire.
  • the test pressure of ethylene air is as high as 1.5bar, the instantaneous pressure of detonation impact is more than 121bar, and the average pressure is 20.2bar.
  • the detonation impact pressure experienced has increased by more than 72%, the average pressure has increased by 51%, and the fire prevention has been successfully achieved.
  • a flame arrestor F2 for hydrogen gas propagation in the air is provided.
  • the difference between the flame arrestor F2 and the flame arrestor F1 is that the flame arrestor core 200 is replaced with a flame arrestor core for hydrogen gas.
  • the pressure of hydrogen air is usually 1.1 bar, the instantaneous pressure of detonation impact reaches 65.4 bar, and the average pressure reaches 8.2 bar.
  • the flame arrestor F2 can withstand the detonation impact of hydrogen air higher than normal pressure and successfully arrest the fire.
  • the pressure of hydrogen air is as high as 1.5bar, the instantaneous pressure of detonation impact is above 95.6bar, the average pressure is 12.4bar, and the pressure-bearing capacity is increased by 51%.
  • a flame arrestor F3 for propane propagation in the air is provided.
  • the difference between the flame arrestor F3 and the flame arrestor F1 is only that the flame arrestor core 200 is replaced with a flame arrestor core for propane arrest.
  • the pressure of propane air is usually 1.1 bar
  • the instantaneous pressure of the detonation impact is over 87.6 bar
  • the average pressure is 13.1 bar.
  • the flame arrestor F3 can withstand the impact of propane air detonation higher than normal pressure and successfully arrest the fire.
  • the test pressure of propane air is as high as 1.6bar
  • the instantaneous pressure of detonation impact is above 126.4bar
  • the average pressure is 21.3bar, which is 62% higher than the average pressure of existing flame arresters.
  • combustible gases In addition to ethylene and hydrogen, generally combustible gases also include combustible gases such as methane, propylene or mixed gases.
  • combustible gases such as methane, propylene or mixed gases.
  • the average pressure of the detonation impact is between 11-13bar; while the flame arrestor provided in this embodiment is used, the average pressure of the detonation impact is generally between 16-20bar, which is relatively high.
  • the pressure of the existing flame arrester is increased by about 40-60%.
  • the impact force of the flame entering the flame arrestor on the flame arrestor is generally about 25% of the average pressure of the detonation impact.
  • the impact force of the flame on the fire-stop core is about 17%-20% of the average pressure of the detonation impact, and the impact force is further reduced by about 20-35% compared with the prior art.
  • the detonation or deflagration flame that enters the flame arrestor from the external medium conveying pipeline is on the flame arrestor.
  • the components cannot cause a frontal impact on the firestop core. Therefore, the structural strength of the firestop core 200 used in the firestopper 100 of the present invention can be more flexible than the existing firestop core, and its overall porosity can also be larger, thereby improving flow performance and easier cleaning.
  • the fire barrier assembly may include three or more fire barriers that are spaced apart from each other.
  • the fire-stop plate is an inclined plate.
  • the angle ⁇ 'formed between the setting direction of the flame arrestor and the cross-sectional direction of the flame arrestor shell should satisfy the following relationship: 0° ⁇ ' ⁇ 45°, preferably 0° ⁇ ' ⁇ 25°.
  • Fig. 4 shows a flame arrestor 100A according to a first modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same structures or components as those in FIGS. 1 to 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • the technical effects described for the flame arrestor 100 are all applicable to the flame arrestor 100A, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • the detonation or deflagration flame can effectively prevent the detonation or deflagration flame from impacting the center of the flame arrestor 200.
  • the remaining flame leaving the flame arrestor 200 will be The flame arrester assembly 300 provided between the outlet 120 of the flame arrestor housing 101 and the flame arrester core 200 is further reduced, and it is likely to be extinguished.
  • Fig. 5 shows a flame arrestor 100B according to a second modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same structures or components as those in FIGS. 1 to 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • the technical effects described for the flame arrestor 100 are all applicable to the flame arrestor 100B, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • the flame arrester assembly 310 is configured to be composed of several arc-shaped plates.
  • the flame arrester assembly 310 includes four flame arresters 310A-310D, which are installed on a bracket 315 (schematically shown) fixedly connected to the flame arrester 200.
  • One of the flame arrestor plates 310A is arranged on the axial center line of the flame arrestor housing 101 and is located closer to the inlet 110. Therefore, the fire-stop plate 310A is also referred to as a center fire-stop plate.
  • the other three fire-stop plates 310B-310D are arranged in an equilateral triangle with respect to the axial centerline, and are located closer to the fire-stop core 200. Therefore, the firestops 310B-310D are also called peripheral firestops.
  • the four flame arresters 310A-310D form a structure similar to a triangular vertebra in the flame arrestor 100. As shown in Fig. 5, the arcs of all four fire-stop plates 310A-310D are curved in accordance with the flow direction of the ground medium (i.e., the direction of the arrow in the figure).
  • a fire-stop plate assembly 310 is respectively provided on both sides of the fire-stop core 200, and they are arranged symmetrically with respect to the fire-stop core 200.
  • a flame arrestor assembly 310 between the inlet 110 of the flame arrestor housing 101 and the flame arrester core 200.
  • the area of the circumscribed circle S of the projection of the three outer flame arresters 310B-310D on the flame arrester core 200 should be greater than the cross-sectional area of the connecting section 103 of the flame arrestor 100B.
  • the projections of the central fire-stop plate 310A and the peripheral fire-stop plates 310B-310D on the fire-stop core 200 should at least partially overlap.
  • the projected area of the central firestop plate 310A on the firestop core 200 should be greater than 0.5 times the cross-sectional area of the connecting section 103.
  • the surface of the four arc-shaped fire-stop plates can effectively block the central area of the fire-stop core 200 and prevent the detonation flame from directly impacting the central area of the fire-stop core 200.
  • the flames flowing to the flame arrestor core 200 will flow along the direction of the arc surface of the flame arrester 301.
  • the gas from the medium conveying pipeline enters the flame arrestor 100B from the inlet 110, and reaches the flame arrestor core 200 through the connecting section through the flame arrester assembly 310 on the left along the arrow direction in FIG.
  • the firestop core 200 enters the medium delivery pipeline on the outlet side through the firestop assembly 310 and the outlet 120 on the right side in FIG. 5.
  • the detonation flame from the medium conveying pipeline enters the flame arrestor 100B from the inlet 110.
  • the central part of the detonation flame will contact the central flame arrester 310A of the flame arrester assembly 310, and change the propagation direction and reduce the speed along the arc surface of the central flame arrester 310A, thereby contacting To the three outer flame arresters 310B-310D of the flame arrester assembly 310.
  • the central part of the detonation flame will flow along the arc-shaped surfaces of the three outer flame arresting plates 310B-310D, and finally reach the flame arresting core 200 in a dispersed form.
  • the direct impact of the detonation flame on the central area of the firestop core 200 is significantly reduced.
  • the outer peripheral part of the detonation flame will also enter the peripheral area of the fire-stop core 200 under the guidance of the peripheral parts of the three peripheral fire-stop plates 310B-310D. After that, the detonation flame passing through the firestop core 200 flows out through the firestop assembly 310 and the outlet 120 on the right side.
  • a flame arrestor F4 for ethylene propagation in the air is provided.
  • the flame arrestor F4 is suitable for DN200 pipelines, and the length of the entire flame arrestor is 700mm.
  • a fire-stop plate assembly 310 is provided on both sides of the fire-stop core 200.
  • the projection diameter of the central fire-stop plate 310A in each fire-stop plate assembly 310 is 120 mm, the arc of the plate surface is 60°, and the arc top distance from the fire-stop core 200 is 150 mm.
  • the projected diameter of the three outer firestop plates 310B-310D is 90mm, the arc of the surface is 90°, and the arc top distance from the firestop core 200 is 120mm.
  • the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the projection of the four firestops is 220mm.
  • the bracket 315 adopts a high-strength screw with a cross-sectional diameter of 15 mm, one end is welded and connected to the fire-stop plate, and the other end is threadedly connected to the fire-stop core.
  • the firestop core 200 adopts a corrugated firestop plate and a supporting member, with a total thickness of 100mm. More specifically, the diameter of the connecting section of the flame arrestor housing is 200 mm, and the diameter of the body is 430 mm.
  • the test pressure of ethylene air is usually 1.1 bar, the instantaneous pressure of detonation impact reaches 98.3 bar, and the average pressure reaches 16.2 bar.
  • the flame arrestor F4 the 1.65bar ethylene air detonation flame arrest test was successfully achieved.
  • the instantaneous pressure of the detonation impact reached 142.7bar, and the average pressure reached 24.9bar, which was 53% higher than the average pressure of the prior art.
  • Fig. 7 shows a flame arrestor 100C according to a third modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same structures or components as in FIG. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • the technical effects described for the flame arrestor 100B are all applicable to the flame arrestor 100C, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • the difference between the flame arrestor 100C and the flame arrestor 100B is that the curved direction of the arc-shaped flame arrestor of the flame arrester assembly 320 is opposite, that is, the arcs of all four flame arresters are opposite to the direction of medium flow. (That is, in the direction of the arrow in the figure) and bend.
  • the central fire-stop plate 320A is located closer to the fire-stop core 200 in the axial direction
  • the three peripheral fire-stop plates 320B and 320C (the other is not shown in FIG. 7) are located farther away in the axial direction.
  • the location of the firestop core 200 It should be noted that for the modification of the flame arrestor 100C shown in FIG. 7, the medium enters from the outlet 120 and flows out from the inlet 110.
  • a flame arrestor F5 for propane propagation in the air is provided.
  • the parameters of the flame arrestor F5 are the same as those of the flame arrestor F4, except that the flame arrestor core 200 is replaced with a flame arrestor core for propane arrestor.
  • the test pressure of propane air is usually 1.1 bar
  • the instantaneous pressure of detonation impact reaches 92.1 bar
  • the average pressure reaches 15.3 bar.
  • the flame arrestor F5 the 1.6bar propane air detonation flame arrest test was successfully realized.
  • the instantaneous pressure of the detonation impact reached 131.5bar
  • the average pressure reached 23.3bar, which was 52% higher than the average pressure of the prior art.
  • Fig. 8 shows a flame arrestor 500 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the same structures or components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • a flame arrestor 510 is used in the flame arrestor 500 as a device that can avoid deflagration or detonation flames from impacting the central area of the flame arrester.
  • a transition section 105 is provided between the body 102 of the flame arrestor housing 101 and the connecting section 103, and a flame arrestor 510 is provided in the transition section 105.
  • the fire-stop cylinder 510 is a hollow cylinder with one end open and one end closed, the closed end faces the fire-stop core 200, and the open end is connected to the connecting section 103.
  • the diameter of the flame arrestor 510 is selected to be equal to the diameter of the connecting section 103 to facilitate the connection.
  • a number of longitudinal grid channels 520 are opened on the circumferential wall of the flame arrester 510. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the grid channel 520 is configured as a longitudinal slit.
  • two fire-stop cylinders 510 and 530 are arranged in the fire-stopper 500, and they are symmetrically arranged with respect to the fire-stop core 200.
  • a structure in which only one flame arrester 510 is provided is also included in the scope of the present invention.
  • the gas from the medium conveying pipeline 400 enters the flame arrestor 500 through the inlet 110 and the connecting section 103 along the arrow direction as shown in FIG. 8, and first enters the flame arrestor 510. Since the end of the flame arrestor 510 facing the flame arrester core 200 is a closed end, the gas will flow out of the grid channel 520 provided on the flame arrestor 510 and enter the interior of the flame arrester housing 101 in the direction indicated by the arrow. Then, the gas passes through the flame arrestor core 200, the flame arrester 530 and the outlet 120, and enters the medium conveying pipe (not shown) on the other side.
  • the detonation or deflagration flame enters the flame arrestor 500 from the medium conveying pipe 400 through the inlet 110 and the connecting section 103. Since the end of the flame arrestor tube 510 facing the flame arrestor core 200 is a closed end, it can be used to withstand the pressure impact from detonation or deflagration flames. In this way, the airflow and flame will pass through the multiple grid channels 520 and enter the cavity of the flame arrester housing 101. After being subjected to the above-mentioned action of the flame arrestor 510, the transverse wave structure of detonation or deflagration is destroyed, and the flame propagation speed drops sharply.
  • the flame propagation speed is further reduced due to the instantaneous expansion of the volume.
  • the end of the flame arrestor 510 facing the flame arrestor core 200 is a closed end, the air flow and flame have to pass through the grid channel 520 in the radial direction and enter the peripheral area of the cavity of the flame arrestor housing 101. Therefore, the impact of the flame on the central area of the flame arrester core 200 is significantly reduced. After the medium passes through the firestop core 200, and then further attenuates by the firestop tube 530, the flame can basically be completely extinguished.
  • the inventor of the present invention surprisingly found through experiments that the flame arrestor 500 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is particularly suitable for detonation flames. Tests have proved that after the high-speed detonation flame passes through the flame arrester 510 of the flame arrestor 500, the velocity can be rapidly decayed from the original 1800m/s to 400-500m/s, that is, the detonation flame decays into a deflagration flame. At the same time, it was observed that the pressure decayed from the original 12-16bar to 2-3bar, and its impact on the firestop core etc. was greatly reduced.
  • the flame arrestor 500 according to the second embodiment of the present invention can effectively prevent detonation or deflagration and also has a higher medium circulation efficiency.
  • a flame arrestor G1 for ethylene propagation in the air is provided.
  • Two flame arresters are provided in the flame arrestor G1, the grid width in each flame arrester is 5mm, and the length is 100mm; the wall thickness of the flame arrester housing 101 is 3mm.
  • the firestop core adopts a firestop with a corrugated plate structure dedicated to deflagration.
  • the flame arrestor can destroy the transverse wave structure of the detonation and transform the detonation flame into a deflagration flame. After that, the deflagration flame is further reduced after passing through the flame arrester, or even extinguished.
  • a fire-stop tube and a fire-stop core for preventing detonation and deflagration are respectively provided, so as to perform a targeted fire-stopping treatment.
  • the flame arrester as a detonation prevention unit can quickly transform detonation into deflagration according to the characteristics of detonation, and the overall circulation of the flame arrester as a detonation prevention unit is better than that of the traditional detonation flame arrester.
  • the pressure drop is smaller.
  • the thickness of the firestop core can be selected to be thinner, and the overall porosity is larger, so that it is easier to clean.
  • FIG. 9 shows a flame arrestor 500A according to the first modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the difference between the flame arrestor 500A and the flame arrestor 500 is only the flame arrestor. Therefore, for the sake of simplicity and clarity, FIG. 9 only clearly shows the structure of the flame arrestor, while other parts of the flame arrestor 500A are not clearly shown. It is easy to understand that the technical effects described for the flame arrestor 500 are all applicable to the flame arrestor 500A, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • the flame arrester 510A of the flame arrestor 500A has a plurality of grid channels 520A with different widths.
  • the inventors of the present invention found through experiments that the width of the grid channel 520A should not exceed 0.5 times of the detonation transverse wave structure S, preferably not more than 0.25 times of the detonation transverse wave structure S.
  • the flame arrestor 510A can effectively destroy the detonation transverse wave structure and significantly attenuate the detonation flame.
  • the widths of the plurality of grid channels 520A may be set to be the same as each other, or may be set to be different from each other.
  • the grid channel 310 can be formed into channels of other shapes, such as zigzag channels, arc channels, etc., in addition to being straight channels.
  • the grid channels can also be arranged in a multi-stage non-continuous form. For example, in a preferred variant that is not shown, several grid channels are intermittently provided at different positions along the axial direction on the circumferential wall of the flame arrestor.
  • FIG. 10 shows a flame arrestor 500B according to a second modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the difference between the flame arrestor 500B and the flame arrestor 500 is only the flame arrester. Therefore, for the sake of simplicity and clarity, FIG. 10 only clearly shows the structure of the flame arrestor, while other parts of the flame arrestor 500B are not clearly shown. It is easy to understand that the technical effects described for the flame arrestor 500 are all applicable to the flame arrestor 500B, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • multiple grid channels are no longer provided in the flame arrestor 510B of the flame arrestor 500B, but a plurality of through holes are opened on the wall of the flame arrestor 510B. 520B. That is, the flame arrestor 510B is configured as a porous member. Thus, the detonation or deflagration flame can enter the inner cavity of the flame arrestor through the through hole 520B.
  • the inventors of the present invention found through experiments that when the total area of the through holes 520B in the flame arrester 510B of the flame arrestor 500B is selected to be greater than twice the cross-sectional area of the medium conveying pipe connected to the flame arrestor, very effective Detonation resistance effect.
  • FIG. 11 shows a flame arrestor 500C according to a third modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the difference between the flame arrestor 500C and the flame arrestor 500B is only in the flame arrestor. Therefore, for the sake of simplicity and clarity, FIG. 11 only clearly shows the structure of the flame arrestor, while other parts of the flame arrestor are not clearly shown. It is easy to understand that the technical effects described for the flame arrestor 500 are all applicable to the flame arrestor 500B, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • the circumferential wall of the flame arrester 510C of the flame arrestor 500C is configured to have a plurality of meshes 520C. That is, the flame arrester 510C is configured as a mesh member. Thereby, the detonation or deflagration flame can enter the inner cavity of the flame arrestor through the mesh 520C.
  • the inventor of the present invention found through experiments that when the total area of the mesh 520C in the flame arrestor 510C of the flame arrestor 500C is selected to be greater than twice the cross-sectional area of the medium conveying pipeline connected to the flame arrestor, very effective The detonation resistance effect.
  • Fig. 12 shows a flame arrestor 500D according to a fourth modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the difference between the flame arrestor 500D and the flame arrestor 500B is only the flame arrestor. Therefore, for the sake of simplicity and clarity, FIG. 12 only clearly shows the structure of the flame arrester, while other parts of the flame arrestor are not clearly shown. It is easy to understand that the technical effects described for the flame arrestor 500 are all applicable to the flame arrestor 500D, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • the circumferential wall of the flame arrester 510D of the flame arrestor 500D is configured to include a mesh portion 521D and a through-hole portion 522D arranged adjacently in the axial direction, wherein the mesh portion 521D includes several
  • the through hole portion 522D includes a plurality of through holes.
  • the inventors of the present invention found through experiments that when the total area of the mesh and the through holes in the flame arrestor 510D of the flame arrestor 500D is selected to be greater than twice the cross-sectional area of the medium conveying pipeline connected to the flame arrestor, it is possible to obtain Very effective anti-detonation effect.
  • the mesh portion 521D is arranged upstream of the through hole portion 522D (with respect to the medium flow direction), it is understood that the mesh portion 521D may also be arranged downstream of the through hole portion 522D.
  • FIG. 13 shows a flame arrestor 500E according to a fifth modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the difference between the flame arrester 500E and the flame arrestor 500D is only the flame arrestor. Therefore, for the sake of simplicity and clarity, FIG. 12 only clearly shows the structure of the flame arrester, while other parts of the flame arrestor are not clearly shown. It is easy to understand that the technical effects described for the flame arrestor 500 are all applicable to the flame arrestor 500E, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • the circumferential wall of the flame arrester 510E of the flame arrestor 500E is configured to include a mesh portion 521E and a through-hole portion 522E that are overlapped in the radial direction, wherein the mesh portion 521E includes several Mesh, and the through hole portion 522E includes a number of through holes.
  • the detonation or deflagration flame can enter the inner cavity of the flame arrestor through the mesh and through holes.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found through experiments that when the total area of the mesh and the through holes in the flame arrester 510E of the flame arrestor 500E is selected to be greater than twice the cross-sectional area of the medium conveying pipe connected to the flame arrestor, it is possible to obtain Very effective anti-detonation effect.
  • FIG. 13 shows that the mesh portion 521E is arranged on the radially inner side of the through hole portion 522E (that is, the through hole portion 522E covers the mesh portion 521E), it is understood that the mesh portion 521E may also be arranged on the through hole portion 522E.
  • the radially inner and outer sides that is, the mesh portion 521E covers the through hole portion 522E).
  • FIG. 14 shows a flame arrestor 500F according to a sixth modification of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the difference between the flame arrester 500F and the flame arrestor 500 is only the flame arrester. Therefore, for the sake of simplicity and clarity, FIG. 12 only clearly shows the structure of the flame arrestor, and other parts of the flame arrestor are not clearly shown. It is easy to understand that the technical effects described for the flame arrestor 500 are all applicable to the flame arrestor 500F, and the description will not be repeated here.
  • the flame arrester 510F of the flame arrestor 500F is configured as a cone instead of a cylinder. Specifically, the volume of the fire-stop cylinder 510F gradually increases in the direction toward the fire-stop core (not shown) in the axial direction.
  • this application Based on the creative concept provided by the second embodiment of the present invention, that is, the flame can be processed in stages to gradually weaken its power, this application also proposes a new type of flame arrestor structure.
  • Fig. 15 shows a flame arrestor 800 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen from FIG. 15 that the flame arrestor housing of the flame arrestor 800 according to the third embodiment of the present invention is provided with the flame arrester 510 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and the first embodiment according to the present invention. ⁇ Firestop assembly 300.
  • the flame arrester 510 is used to slow down the speed and pressure of the detonation flame from the medium conveying pipeline, and prevent it from impacting the central part of the flame arrester 200, and It enters into the peripheral area of the flame arrester housing 101 along the radial direction of the flame arrester 510. In this way, the detonation flame can be effectively transformed into a deflagration flame. After that, the deflagration flame passes through the flame arrester assembly 300, further reducing the speed of the flame, and causing the flame to more impact the peripheral part of the flame arrestor core 200 instead of the central part. Then, the flame passes through the flame arrester 200 and is further lowered. Tests have proved that the flame arrestor 800 according to the third embodiment of the present invention can extinguish detonation flames well.
  • the detonation flame is first introduced into the peripheral area of the flame arrestor housing through the flame arrestor, and the detonation flame is transformed into a deflagration flame, and then the flame arrester assembly is used to further reduce the detonation flame The power of the deflagration flame is finally extinguished through the fire-stop core.
  • This embodiment is a combined application of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and creatively proposes a stepwise method to reduce the power of the detonation flame, thereby achieving a particularly satisfactory fire resistance effect.
  • the flame arrestor according to the third embodiment of the present invention also has good medium circulation efficiency.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种阻火器，包括具有入口和出口的阻火器壳体，以及设置在阻火器壳体内的阻火芯。其中，在阻火器壳体中设有位于阻火芯与入口之间的用于阻止火焰直接冲击阻火芯的中心区域的阻火机构。该阻火机构可包括布置在阻火器壳体内的阻火筒和阻火板组件。

Description

阻火器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有2020年6月18日提交的名称为“带有阻爆轰单元的阻火器”的中国专利申请CN 202010561387.3以及2020年6月18日提交的名称为“带有阻火板组件的阻火器”的中国专利申请CN 202010562084.3的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及管道阻火抑爆的领域，具体地涉及一种阻火器。
背景技术
阻火器是一种用来阻止易燃气体和易燃液体蒸汽的火焰蔓延的安全装置。阻火器一般安装在输送可燃气体的管道中，用于阻止传播火焰通过。
现有的阻火器通常包括大致圆柱形的阻火器壳体，以及设置在阻火器壳体内的阻火芯。阻火芯包含有大量的细小通道，因而可将从阻火器壳体内通过的火焰分成大量的细小火焰束。这样，基于传热作用和器壁效应，阻火器能够将火焰的温度降到着火点以下，或者使得燃烧反应不能继续进行，从而导致火焰无法传播通过阻火器。
然而，在火灾中常常会发生爆燃或爆轰现象。因此，在管道中传播的火焰经常会包括爆燃或爆轰火焰。现有的阻火器对这种爆燃或爆轰火焰的抑制效果不够。即使增加阻火芯的厚度或者减小阻火芯的微孔尺寸，仍无法全面有效地达到阻止爆轰和爆燃的目的。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题，本发明旨在提供一种改进的阻火器，其能够有效地抑制爆燃或爆轰火焰。
根据本发明，提供了一种阻火器，包括具有入口和出口的阻火器壳体，以及设置在所述阻火器壳体内的阻火芯。其中，在所述阻火器壳体中设有位于所述阻 火芯与所述入口之间的用于阻止火焰直接冲击所述阻火芯的中心区域的阻火机构。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述阻火机构包括一端与所述入口连通而另一端封闭的阻火筒，在所述阻火筒的周向壁上设有供介质流通的通道。
在一个具体的实施例中，所述通道由沿所述阻火筒的轴向延伸的若干条栅格形成，所述栅格的宽度优选地彼此不同。
在一个具体的实施例中，所述通道由开设在所述阻火筒的周向壁上的若干通孔形成。
在一个具体的实施例中，所述阻火筒包括多孔部分或网格部分，其中，所述多孔部分中的孔隙或所述网格部分的网眼形成所述通道。
在一个具体的实施例中，所述阻火筒包括沿轴向或径向相邻地布置的多孔部分和网格部分，其中，所述多孔部分中的孔隙或所述网格部分的网眼形成所述通道。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述通道的总面积大于与所述阻火器相连的介质输送管道的截面积的两倍。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述阻火筒构造成沿着朝向所述阻火芯的方向具有逐渐增大的体积。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述阻火机构包括两个相对于所述阻火芯对称设置的所述阻火筒。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述阻火器壳体形成为圆柱体，并通过两侧的连接段分别与所述入口和出口相连。所述阻火器壳体在与所述连接段相邻的区域具有过渡段，所述阻火筒设置在所述过渡段的区域。
在另一个优选的实施例中，所述阻火机构还包括设置在所述阻火筒和所述阻火芯之间的阻火板组件。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述阻火板组件至少包括沿轴向间隔开的第一阻火板和第二阻火板。所述第一阻火板和第二阻火板沿周向错开地安装在所述阻火器壳体的内壁上，但在所述阻火器壳体的中心截面区域形成交叠。
在一个具体的实施例中，所述第一阻火板和第二阻火板均形成为由优弧段和直线段所限定的部分圆板。其中，所述第一阻火板和第二阻火板的优弧段均安装在所述阻火器壳体的内壁上，而所述第一阻火板和第二阻火板的直线段彼此平 行，且相向地延伸超过所述阻火器壳体的纵向中心线。
在一个具体的实施例中，所述第一和第二阻火板与所述阻火器壳体的横截面之间形成一个大于等于0度且小于等于45度的夹角，优选形成一个大于等于0度且小于等于25度的夹角。
在一个具体的实施例中，所述第一阻火板和第二阻火板的靠近所述阻火器壳体的内壁的区域内设置有通孔，所述通孔与所述阻火器壳体的纵向中心线优选地形成一个小于90度的夹角。
在一个具体的实施例中，所述阻火器满足下述关系：1.5d≥h1≥d；1.5d≥h2≥d；D≥2d；h1＞0.5D；h2＞0.5D，其中D为所述本体的直径，d为所述连接段的直径，h1和h2分别为第一阻火板和第二阻火板在所述阻火器壳体的横截面方向上的投影长度。
在一个优选的实施例中，所述阻火板组件包括一个设置在所述阻火器壳体的轴向中心线上的中心阻火板，以及三个相对于所述轴向中心线呈等边三角形布置的外围阻火板，其中，所述中心阻火板和所述外围阻火板均构造为弧形板。
在一个具体的实施例中，所述中心阻火板和所述外围阻火板均顺应着介质流动方向弯曲，且所述中心阻火板在介质流动方向上处于所述外围阻火板之前；或者，所述中心阻火板和所述外围阻火板均逆着介质流动方向弯曲，且所述中心阻火板在介质流动方向上处于所述外围阻火板之后。
在一个具体的实施例中，所述中心阻火板和所述外围阻火板在所述阻火芯上的投影的外接圆的面积大于所述阻火器的连接段的横截面积，并且所述中心阻火板和所述外围阻火板在所述阻火芯上的投影至少部分重合。
在一个具体的实施例中，在所述阻火器壳体内相对于所述阻火芯对称地布置了两个阻火板组件。
根据本发明，还提供了一种阻火器，包括：阻火器壳体，所述阻火器壳体具有大致圆柱形的本体、与所述本体的两端相连的连接段，以及与所述连接段相连的两个端口，其中所述本体的两端均通过过渡段与所述连接段相连；设置在所述阻火器壳体内的阻火芯；设置所述本体的过渡段内的阻火筒，所述阻火筒的第一端通过其中一个连接段与其中一个端口连通，所述阻火筒的朝向所述阻火芯的第二端封闭，在所述阻火筒的周向壁设有供介质流通的通道；以及设置在所述阻火筒和所述阻火芯之间的阻火板组件，所述阻火板组件至少包括沿轴向间隔开的第一阻火板和第二阻火板，所述第一阻火板和第二阻火板沿周向错开地安装在所述 阻火器壳体的内壁上，但在所述阻火器壳体的中心截面区域形成交叠。
附图说明
下面将参照附图并通过示意性的示例性实施例来对本发明进行更加详细的说明。在图中：
图1显示了根据本发明的第一实施例的阻火器的整体结构，其中使用了阻火板组件；
图2是用于图1所示阻火器的具有平直板面的阻火板的平面示意图，显示了阻火板上所开设的通孔的分布；
图3是图2的A-A剖视图；
图4显示了根据本发明的第一实施例的阻火器的第一种变型的整体结构；
图5显示了根据本发明的第一实施例的阻火器的第二种变型的整体结构；
图6示意性显示了图5所示的阻火器中的四个阻火板的排列位置关系；
图7显示了根据本发明的第一实施例的阻火器的第三种变型的整体结构；
图8显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的阻火器的整体结构，其中使用了阻火筒；
图9显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的阻火器的第一种变型的整体结构；
图10显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的阻火器的第二种变型的整体结构；
图11显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的阻火器的第三种变型的整体结构；
图12显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的阻火器的第四种变型的整体结构；
图13显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的阻火器的第五种变型的整体结构；
图14显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的阻火器的第六种变型的整体结构；
图15显示了根据本发明的第三实施例的阻火器的整体结构。
在所有附图中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件。附图并未按实际比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面将结合说明书附图来对本发明作进一步的描述。在下文中，方向性用语如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”和“外”等通常是指参考附图所示的上、下、左、右以及相关部件本身的内、外，用语“轴向”或“纵向”指相关部件的长度方向，用语“径向”指的是与“轴向”或“纵向”垂直的方向。另外， 除非另有明确说明，否则用语“爆燃”和“爆轰”通常可以互换使用。
图1显示了根据本发明的第一实施例的阻火器100。如图1所示，根据本发明的第一实施例的阻火器100包括阻火器壳体101，以及设置在阻火器壳体101内的阻火芯200。阻火器壳体101为大致圆柱形，包括本体102，以及分别设置在本体102的两侧的连接段103。这两个连接段103分别具有入口110和出口120，它们均与介质输送管道400相连接(图1仅显示出了入口110与介质输送管道400相连接)。通常来说，本体102和连接段103均构造为大致圆柱形，分别具有直径D和直径d，其中D>d。在实践中，D通常为d的2-4倍，尤其是2倍左右。另外，本体102通常通过过渡段105与连接段103相连接，并且阻火芯200一般设置在阻火器壳体101的轴向中心位置。
阻火芯200可以采用多种结构，例如采用波纹板、金属丝网、烧结金属填料、金属泡沫、金属丸、填充填料等形式。需要注意的是，根据气体介质的不同，对于阻火芯200的单元特征尺寸要求有所不同。同时，阻火芯200本身应包括具有一定支撑能力的结构，以防止阻火芯200在受到爆燃或爆轰的冲击时遭到破坏。阻火芯200的设计是本领域的技术人员所熟知的，在此不再赘述。
本申请的发明人通过大量的试验惊奇地发现，在管道中发生爆燃或爆轰现象时，处于管道中心部位的阻火芯区域受到爆燃或爆轰火焰的冲击最大，在迎爆面上呈现由中心向四周逐步扩大的迹象。基于此创造性的发现，本申请的发明人对传统的阻火器进行了改进，在阻火器内增设了能够避免爆燃或爆轰火焰的冲击阻火芯的中心区域的阻火机构。
根据本发明的第一实施例，在阻火器壳体101的本体102内，在入口110和阻火芯200之间设置了阻火板组件300。阻火板组件300设置成能够避免来自介质输送管道400的爆燃或爆轰火焰直接冲击在阻火芯200的中心区域。具体地说，在图1所示的实施例中，阻火板组件300包括第一阻火板301和第二阻火板306。第一阻火板301和第二阻火板306沿阻火器壳体101的纵向轴线一前一后的布置，彼此间隔开一定的距离。同时，第一阻火板301和第二阻火板306在阻火器壳体101的本体102的周向上径向相对地布置，它们的径向外侧与本体102的内表面相连，而径向内侧在阻火器壳体101的中心部位至少部分地重叠。
通过这种结构，在阻火器壳体101形成了供火焰通过的蜿蜒曲折的流动通道，如图1中的箭头所示。这样，当来自介质输送管道400的爆燃或爆轰火焰从入口 110进入阻火器100时，在阻火板组件300中的第一阻火板301和第二阻火板306的阻挡和导向的作用下会改变传播方向(如图1中的箭头所示)，并由此降低传播速度。随后，火焰再经过阻火芯200，使得火焰熄灭，而介质从出口120流出。
由上述可知，根据本发明，通过在阻火器壳体101内在阻火芯200与入口110之间设置阻火板组件300，能够实现对爆燃或爆轰火焰的导流，减少了爆燃或爆轰火焰对阻火芯200的中心区域的冲击，同时降低了爆燃或爆轰火焰的传播速度，从而有效地达到了阻止爆轰或爆燃的目的。同时，这一结构紧凑轻巧，制造方便，并且成本较低。
另一方面，根据本发明的第一实施例的阻火器100，阻火板组件300的第一阻火板301和第二阻火板306彼此间隔开地布置在阻火器壳体101的本体102内，使得介质依旧能较佳地流过阻火器壳体101。因此，相比于传统结构的阻火器，根据本发明的第一实施例的阻火器100在能够有效地阻止爆轰或爆燃的同时还具备较高的介质流通效率。
此外，根据本发明的第一实施例的阻火器100，减少了爆燃或爆轰火焰对阻火芯200的中心区域的冲击，使得爆燃或爆轰火焰更多地冲击在阻火芯200的周边区域。这样，一方面，由于周边区域的面积较大，吸热能力强，从而能有效地实现阻火效果。另一方面，由于周边区域所受到的支撑更强，导致阻火芯200的抗冲击能力得以提高。因此，根据本发明的第一实施例的阻火器100中的阻火芯200的使用寿命和阻火性能也得到显著的提高。
下面以第一阻火板301为例来介绍用于根据本发明的第一实施例的阻火器100中的阻火板的具体结构。图2是第一阻火板301的示意性平面图。如图2所示，第一阻火板301构造为直径与阻火器壳体101的本体102的内径相匹配的平直圆板，但被切除了一部分区域。即，第一阻火板301的横截面由优弧段304和直线段303围成。这样，第一阻火板301的面积大于本体102的横截面面积的一半，但小于本体102的横截面面积。
另外，阻火板需要承受来自爆轰压力的冲击。通常情况下，阻火板应当确保在20倍的阻火器设计压力冲击下形变量小于5％，且无结构破坏。因此，阻火板的壁厚应根据不同阻火介质和压力进行设定。在本实施例中，第一阻火板301的壁厚应大于或等于5mm。在必要时，还可以在第一阻火板301上适当设置加强筋(未示出)。加强筋通常为不锈钢或碳钢材质，可采用焊接、铆接或一体成型等 连接形式设置在阻火板上，从而在阻火板的表面上形成凸条或凸肋的形状。加强筋的耐压范围也应当不小于阻火器设计压力的20倍。
为了在进一步便于介质流通的同时又能够有效阻爆轰和阻爆燃，提高阻火器的流通效率，如图2所示，在第一阻火板301的远离直线段303的区域(即靠近阻火器壳体101的本体102的内壁的区域，也即图2中的上半部区域)内开设有多个间隔开的通孔302。在一个优选的实施例中，如图3所示，各个通孔302的中心线与第一阻火板301的厚度方向所形成的夹角α小于或等于90°。也就是说，通孔302可以形成为开设在第一阻火板301的平直板面上的斜孔，从而将火焰朝向远离阻火芯的中心部位引导。
尽管没有进行详细的说明，然而可以理解，第二阻火板306具有与第一阻火板301相同的结构，仅安装方位相反。
结合图1所示，为了在保证阻爆轰有效的前提下满足流降尽量小的条件，第一阻火板组件300的尺寸需满足以下要求：
1.5d≥h1≥d；1.5d≥h2≥d；D≥2d；h1＞0.5D；h2＞0.5D；
其中：d为连接段103的直径，D为本体102的直径，而h1和h2分别为第一阻火板301和第二阻火板306在阻火器壳体101的横截面方向上的投影长度。由于在本实施例中第一阻火板301和第二阻火板306均为平直面板，因此这里h1为第一阻火板301的长度，即第一阻火板301的直线段303到第一阻火板301的周边上任一点的最远距离。h2的定义类似。
第一阻火板301和第二阻火板306之间的间距可以根据本体102的实际尺寸大小进行选择。通常情况下，第一阻火板301和第二阻火板306之间的间距应小于或等于0.5h1或0.5h2。同时，最靠近阻火芯200的那个阻火板、即第二阻火板306与阻火芯200的间距同样应小于或等于0.5h1或0.5h2。
下面结合图1至图3来介绍根据本实施例的阻火器100的工作过程。在正常工况下，来自介质输送管道400内的气体从入口110进入阻火器100，沿着图1中的箭头方向经连接段103和阻火板组件300而穿过阻火芯200，之后经出口120进入到出口侧的介质输送管道(未示出)中。
在阻火工况下，来自介质输送管道400内的爆轰火焰从入口110经连接段103进入到阻火器100的阻火器壳体101中。在阻火器壳体101中，爆轰火焰的中心部分会在阻火板组件300的沿周向交替布置的第一阻火板301和第二阻火板306 作用下沿着图1中的箭头方向进入阻火芯200，而不会对阻火芯200的中心区域造成直接的冲击。与此同时，爆轰火焰的外围部分会直接穿过第一阻火板301和第二阻火板306上的靠近阻火器壳体101的内壁布置的通孔302而进入阻火芯200，从而也不会对阻火芯200的中心区域造成直接的冲击。此外，由于爆轰火焰的中心部分沿着蜿蜒的路径前进，在第一阻火板301和第二阻火板306的平直板面的阻挡下，爆轰火焰的中心部分的传播速度显著地降低。同时，经过通孔302的爆轰火焰的外围部分的火焰速度同样在一定程度上得到了削减。在此基础上，再通过阻火芯200的作用，爆轰火焰的威力得到进一步的削减，直至熄灭。
一般来说，根据易燃气体和蒸汽爆炸级别，阻火器可以分为：
a)适用于ⅡA1级气体(代表气体为甲烷)的阻火器；
b)适用于ⅡA级气体(代表气体为丙烷)的阻火器；
c)适用于ⅡB1级气体(代表气体为乙烯)的阻火器；
d)适用于ⅡB2级气体(代表气体为乙烯)的阻火器；
e)适用于ⅡB3级气体(代表气体为乙烯)的阻火器；
f)适用于ⅡB级气体(代表气体为氢)的阻火器；
g)适用于ⅡC级气体(代表气体为氢)的阻火器。
以下将通过具体的示例并按照阻爆等级来对本发明的技术方案进行详细地说明。
在现有技术中，乙烯空气的测试压力通常为1.1bar，爆轰冲击瞬间压力达70bar以上，平均压力达13-16bar左右。测试管道规格不同，压力也会有所不同，对于DN100管道，其爆轰冲击瞬间压力达72bar以上，平均压力达13.4bar。
根据本发明的第一实施例所提出的结构，提供了一种用于乙烯在空气中传播的阻火器F1。具体来说，该阻火器F1适用于DN100管道，整个阻火器的长度为500mm。阻火芯200为用于阻乙烯的阻火芯，采用波纹板阻火盘加支撑件，总厚度为50mm。阻火器的连接段103的直径为100mm，本体102的直径为220mm，阻火器壳体101的壁厚为6mm。阻火板301和306的长度h1＝h2＝120mm，两个阻火板的间距为50mm，阻火芯200200与最接近的第二阻火板301的间距为50mm。根据大量试验证实，该阻火器F1可承受高于常压的乙烯空气爆轰冲击，并成功阻火。乙烯空气的测试压力高达1.5bar，爆轰冲击瞬间压力达121bar以上，平均压力达20.2bar，承受的爆轰冲击压力提高了72％以上，平均压力提高了51％， 且成功实现了阻火。
同样，根据本发明的第一实施例所提出的结构，提供了一种用于氢气在空气中传播的阻火器F2。阻火器F2与阻火器F1的区别仅在于，阻火芯200替换为用于阻氢气的阻火芯。在现有技术中，氢气空气的压力通常为1.1bar，爆轰冲击瞬间压力达65.4bar，平均压力达8.2bar。根据大量试验证实，该阻火器F2可承受高于常压的氢气空气爆轰冲击，并成功阻火。氢气空气的压力高达1.5bar，爆轰冲击瞬间压力达95.6bar以上，平均压力达12.4bar，承压能力提高51％。
另外，根据本发明的第一实施例所提出的结构，提供了一种用于丙烷在空气中传播的阻火器F3。阻火器F3与阻火器F1的区别仅在于，阻火芯200替换为用于阻丙烷的阻火芯。在现有技术中，丙烷空气的压力通常为1.1bar，爆轰冲击瞬间压力达87.6bar以上，平均压力达13.1bar。根据大量试验证实，该阻火器F3可承受高于常压的丙烷空气爆轰冲击，并成功阻火。丙烷空气的测试压力高达1.6bar，爆轰冲击瞬间压力达126.4bar以上，平均压力达21.3bar，较现有阻火器承受平均压力提高62％。
除了乙烯、氢气之外，通常可燃气体还包括有：甲烷、丙烯或者混合气体等可燃气体。使用现有阻火器时，承受的爆轰冲击平均压力为11-13bar之间；而采用了根据本实施例中提供的阻火器，承受的爆轰冲击平均压力一般在16-20bar之间，较现有阻火器承压提高40-60％左右。
另外，在现有技术中，进入阻火器中的火焰对阻火芯的冲击力一般为爆轰冲击平均压力的25％左右。而根据本实施例，火焰对阻火芯的冲击力大约为爆轰冲击平均压力的17％-20％，冲击力较现有技术进一步降低了20-35％左右。
由上述具体实施例的阻爆轰过程和试验数据可知，根据本发明的第一实施例所提供的阻火器100，从外部介质输送管道中进入阻火器中的爆轰或爆燃火焰在阻火板组件的作用下无法对阻火芯造成正面冲击。因此，用于本发明的阻火器100中的阻火芯200的结构强度等均可以较现有阻火芯更为灵活，其整体孔隙率也可以更大，从而提高流通性能，更便于清洗。
需要说明的是，基于本发明的第一实施例所提出的基本思想，还可以对上述阻火器100的具体结构进行进一步的修改。例如，阻火板组件可以包括三个或更多个彼此间隔开的阻火板。
此外，除了选择平直板之外，在不影响结构稳定性的前提下，阻火板亦可采 用其他形式，如弧面板、曲面波纹板、斜板等。在一个优选的实施例中，阻火板为斜板。在这种情况下，阻火板的设置方向与阻火器壳体的横截面方向之间形成的夹角α’应满足下述关系：0°≤α’≤45°，优选0°≤α’≤25°。
图4显示了根据本发明的第一实施例的第一种变型的阻火器100A。为简单、清楚起见，在图4中，与图1到3中相同的结构或部件均采用相同的附图标记来表示，且在此不再重复描述。此外，针对阻火器100所描述的技术效果，均适用于阻火器100A，在此也不再重复描述。
如图4所示，阻火器100A与阻火器100的区别在于，除了设置在阻火器壳体101的入口110与阻火芯200的一个阻火板组件300以外，在阻火器壳体101的出口120与阻火芯200之间同样设置了一个阻火板组件300。两个阻火板组件300的结构相同，并相对于阻火芯200对称地设置。
通过在阻火器壳体101内在阻火芯200两侧对称地设置两个阻火板组件300，可以实现以下技术效果。一方面，无论爆轰或爆燃火焰从阻火器100的哪一个方向(即从入口110或从出口120)袭来，都能够有效地阻止爆轰或爆燃火焰冲击阻火芯200的中心部位。另一方面，以爆轰或爆燃火焰从阻火器100的入口100袭来为例，在如结合图1所述地削减了爆轰或爆燃火焰的威力之后，离开阻火芯200的剩余火焰会通过设置在阻火器壳体101的出口120与阻火芯200之间的那个阻火板组件300而进一步得到削减，并且很可能被熄灭。
图5显示了根据本发明的第一实施例的第二种变型的阻火器100B。为简单、清楚起见，在图中，与图1到3中相同的结构或部件均采用相同的附图标记来表示，且在此不再重复描述。此外，针对阻火器100所描述的技术效果，均适用于阻火器100B，在此也不再重复描述。
如图5和6所示，阻火器100B与阻火器100的区别在于，阻火板组件310构造成由若干个弧形板组成。具体地说，在阻火器100B中，阻火板组件310包括四个阻火板310A-310D，它们安装在与阻火芯200固定连接的支架315(示意性示出)上。其中一个阻火板310A设置在阻火器壳体101的轴向中心线上，并处于更靠近入口110的位置。因此，阻火板310A也称为中心阻火板。另外三个阻火板310B-310D相对于所述轴向中心线成等边三角形设置，并处于更靠近阻火芯200的位置。因此，阻火板310B-310D也称为外围阻火板。这样，四个阻火板310A-310D在所述阻火器100内形成一个类似三角椎体的结构。如图5所示，所 有四个阻火板310A-310D的弧形均顺应地介质流动方向(即图中的箭头方向)而弯曲。
另外，如图5所示，在阻火芯200的两侧分别设置一个阻火板组件310，它们相对于阻火芯200对称地布置。然而可以理解，仅在阻火器壳体101的入口110和阻火芯200之间设置一个阻火板组件310也是可行的。
根据本发明，三个外围阻火板310B-310D在阻火芯200上的投影的外接圆S的面积应当大于阻火器100B的连接段103的横截面积。另外，中心阻火板310A和外围阻火板310B-310D在阻火芯200上的投影应至少部分重合。另外，中心阻火板310A在阻火芯200上的投影面积应大于连接段103的横截面积的0.5倍。
通过这种布置，四个弧形的阻火板的板面能够有效地将阻火芯200的中心区域遮挡住，防止爆轰火焰直接对阻火芯200的中心区域进行冲击。同时，除了被反射的爆轰火焰外，流向阻火芯200的火焰会沿着阻火板301的弧形板面方向流动。
下面来介绍根据本发明的第一实施例的第二种变型的阻火器100B的工作过程。在正常工况下，来自介质输送管道内的气体从入口110进入阻火器100B，沿着图5中的箭头方向经连接段经左侧的阻火板组件310而到达阻火芯200，之后穿过阻火芯200经图5中右侧的阻火板组件310和出口120进入到出口侧的介质输送管道中。
在阻火工况下，来自介质输送管道内的爆轰火焰从入口110进入到阻火器100B。在阻火器壳体101中，爆轰火焰的中心部分会接触到阻火板组件310的中心阻火板310A，沿着中心阻火板310A的弧形板面改变传播方向且降低速度，从而接触到阻火板组件310的三个外围阻火板310B-310D。之后，爆轰火焰的中心部分会沿着三个外围阻火板310B-310D的弧形板面流动，最后以分散的形式到达阻火芯200。通过这种方式，阻火芯200的中心区域受到爆轰火焰的直接冲击显著降低。爆轰火焰的外周部分也会在三个外围阻火板310B-310D的周边部分的引导下，进入到阻火芯200的周边区域。之后，经过阻火芯200的爆轰火焰再经过右侧的阻火板组件310及出口120流出。
根据本发明的第一实施例的第二种变型所提出的结构，提供了一种用于乙烯在空气中传播的阻火器F4。具体来说，该阻火器F4适用于DN200管道，整个阻火器的长度为700mm。在阻火芯200的两侧均设置一个阻火板组件310。每个阻 火板组件310中的中心阻火板310A的投影直径为120mm，板面弧度为60°，弧顶距离阻火芯200为150mm。三个外围阻火板310B-310D的投影直径为90mm，板面弧度为90°，弧顶距离阻火芯200为120mm。四个阻火板的投影外接圆直径为220mm。支架315采用截面直径为15mm的高强度螺杆，一端与阻火板焊接连接，另一端与阻火芯螺纹连接。阻火芯200采用波纹板阻火盘加支撑件，总厚度为100mm。更具体地，阻火器壳体的连接段的直径为200mm，本体的直径为430mm。
在现有技术中，乙烯空气的测试压力通常为1.1bar，爆轰冲击瞬间压力达98.3bar，平均压力达16.2bar。而根据该阻火器F4，成功实现了1.65bar的乙烯空气爆轰阻火测试，爆轰冲击瞬间压力达142.7bar，平均压力达24.9bar，较现有技术平均承压提高了53％。
图7显示了根据本发明的第一实施例的第三种变型的阻火器100C。为简单、清楚起见，在图中，与图5中相同的结构或部件均采用相同的附图标记来表示，且在此不再重复描述。此外，针对阻火器100B所描述的技术效果，均适用于阻火器100C，在此也不再重复描述。
如图7所示，阻火器100C与阻火器100B的区别在于，阻火板组件320的弧形阻火板的弯曲方向相反，即，所有四个阻火板的弧形均逆着介质流动方向(即图中的箭头方向)而弯曲。由此，中心阻火板320A设置在沿轴向更靠近阻火芯200的位置，而三个外围阻火板320B和320C(另一个在图7中未示出)设置在沿轴向更远离阻火芯200的位置。需要说明的是，对于图7所示的阻火器100C这一变型来说，介质从出口120进入而从入口110流出。
容易理解，通过这种设置的阻火板组件320，阻火器100C能够实现与阻火器100B基本上相同的技术效果。
根据本发明的第一实施例的第三种变型所提出的结构，提供了一种用于丙烷在空气中传播的阻火器F5。具体来说，该阻火器F5的各项参数与阻火器F4相同，仅阻火芯200替换为用于阻丙烷的阻火芯。
在现有技术中，丙烷空气的测试压力通常为1.1bar，爆轰冲击瞬间压力达92.1bar，平均压力达15.3bar。而根据该阻火器F5，成功实现了1.6bar的丙烷空气爆轰阻火测试，爆轰冲击瞬间压力达131.5bar，平均压力达23.3bar，较现有技术平均承压提高了52％。
图8显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的阻火器500。为简单、清楚起见，在该实施例中，与第一实施例相同的结构或部件均采用相同的附图标记来表示，且在此不再重复描述。
在根据本发明的第二实施例中，阻火器500内采用了阻火筒510来作为能够避免爆燃或爆轰火焰的冲击阻火芯的中心区域的装置。具体地说，在阻火器壳体101的本体102与连接段103之间设置有过渡段105，在该过渡段105内设置了阻火筒510。阻火筒510为一端敞开而一端封闭的空心圆柱体，其封闭端朝向阻火芯200，敞开端与连接段103相连。优选地，阻火筒510的直径选择成与连接段103的直径相等，以利于连接。阻火筒510的周向壁上开设有若干纵向的栅格通道520。在图8所示的实施例中，该栅格通道520构造为纵向狭缝。
在图8所示实施例中，在阻火器500内布置了两个阻火筒510和530，它们相对于阻火芯200对称地设置。然而可以理解，仅设置一个阻火筒510的结构也包含在本发明的范围内。
这样，在正常工况下，来自介质输送管道400的气体沿着如图8所示的箭头方向经入口110和连接段103进入阻火器500，首先进入到阻火筒510中。由于阻火筒510的朝向阻火芯200的一端为封闭端，因此气体会从设置在阻火筒510上的栅格通道520中流出，沿着箭头所示的方向进入阻火器壳体101的内部。然后，气体通过阻火芯200、阻火筒530和出口120，进入另一侧的介质输送管道(未示出)中。
在阻火工况下，爆轰或爆燃火焰从介质输送管道400经入口110和连接段103进入阻火器500。由于阻火筒510的朝向阻火芯200的一端为封闭端，其能够用于承受来自爆轰或爆燃火焰的压力冲击。这样，气流和火焰就将从多条栅格通道520中穿过并进入阻火器壳体101的空腔中。在受到阻火筒510的上述作用后，爆轰或爆燃的横波结构受到破坏，火焰传播速度急剧下降。同时，在火焰进入阻火器壳体101的空腔中时，由于体积瞬间膨胀，火焰的传播速度进一步降低。另外，由于阻火筒510的朝向阻火芯200的一端为封闭端，导致气流和火焰不得不沿径向从栅格通道520中穿过并进入阻火器壳体101的空腔的周边区域中，因此火焰对阻火芯200的中心区域的冲击显著降低。在介质经过阻火芯200后，再经过阻火筒530的进一步衰减，火焰基本上能彻底被熄灭。
特别是，本发明的发明人通过试验惊奇地发现，根据本发明的第二实施例的 阻火器500尤其适用于爆轰火焰的情况。试验证明，高速爆轰火焰在经过阻火器500的阻火筒510后，速度可由原来的1800m/s以上迅速衰减到400-500m/s，也就是说，爆轰火焰衰减为爆燃火焰。同时还观测到，压力由原来的12-16bar衰减到2-3bar，其对阻火芯等的冲击大幅降低。此外，容易理解，在根据本发明的第二实施例的阻火器500中，阻火筒510的侧壁上设有若干栅格通道520，使得介质依旧能较佳地流过阻火器500。因此，相比于传统结构的阻火器，根据本发明的第二实施例的阻火器500在能够有效地阻止爆轰或爆燃的同时还具备较高的介质流通效率。
根据本发明的第二实施例所提出的结构，提供了一种用于乙烯在空气中传播的阻火器G1。在阻火器G1中设置了两个阻火筒，各阻火筒中的栅格宽度为5mm，长度为100mm；阻火器壳体101的壁厚为3mm。另外，阻火芯采用的是专用于阻爆燃的波纹板结构的阻火盘。在使用阻火器G1时，阻火筒能够破坏爆轰的横波结构，使爆轰火焰转变为爆燃火焰。之后，该爆燃火焰在经过阻火芯后被进一步降低，甚至熄灭。
根据本发明的第二实施例，分别设置了用于阻爆轰和阻爆燃的阻火筒和阻火芯，从而针对性地进行阻火处理。其中，作为阻爆轰单元的阻火筒能够针对爆轰特性，使爆轰迅速转变为爆燃，而作为阻爆燃单元的阻火芯的整体流通性好于传统的阻爆轰阻火器的阻火单元，压降更小。同时，阻火芯的厚度可以选择成更薄，整体孔隙率更大，从而更易清洗。
图9显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的第一种变型的阻火器500A。该阻火器500A与阻火器500的不同之处仅在于阻火筒。因此，为简单、清楚起见，图9仅清楚显示了阻火筒的结构，而阻火器500A的其它部件未清楚示出。容易理解，针对阻火器500所描述的技术效果，均适用于阻火器500A，在此也不再重复描述。
如图9所示，根据本发明的第二实施例的第一种变型的阻火器500A的阻火筒510A具有多条宽度不同的栅格通道520A。本发明的发明人通过试验发现，栅格通道520A的宽度不应超过爆轰横波结构S的0.5倍，优选为不超过爆轰横波结构S的0.25倍。当栅格通道520A的宽度满足上述要求时，阻火筒510A能够有效地破坏爆轰横波结构，显著衰减爆轰火焰。
根据本发明的该实施例的变型，多条栅格通道520A的宽度可以设置成彼此 相同，也可以设置成彼此不同。同时，为了强化对爆轰横波结构的破坏，栅格通道310除了可以是直通道外，也可以形成为其他形状的通道，例如锯齿状通道、弧形通道等。此外，为了强化阻火筒的结构强度，栅格通道除了如图8和9所示的为连续的以外，也可以设置成多段的非连续形式。例如，在一个未示出的优选变型中，在阻火筒的周向壁上沿轴向的不同位置处间断地设置若干个栅格通道。
图10显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的第二种变型的阻火器500B。该阻火器500B与阻火器500的不同之处仅在于阻火筒。因此，为简单、清楚起见，图10仅清楚显示了阻火筒的结构，而阻火器500B的其它部件未清楚示出。容易理解，针对阻火器500所描述的技术效果，均适用于阻火器500B，在此也不再重复描述。
如图10所示，在本实施例的这一变型中，在阻火器500B的阻火筒510B中不再设置多条栅格通道，而是在阻火筒510B中的壁上开设有多个通孔520B。即，阻火筒510B构造成多孔件。由此，爆轰或爆燃火焰能够经通孔520B进入到阻火器的内腔中。
本发明的发明人通过试验发现，当阻火器500B的阻火筒510B中的通孔520B的总面积选择成大于与阻火器相连的介质输送管道的横截面积的2倍时，能够获得非常有效的阻爆轰的效果。
图11显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的第三种变型的阻火器500C。该阻火器500C与阻火器500B的不同之处仅在于阻火筒。因此，为简单、清楚起见，图11仅清楚显示了阻火筒的结构，而阻火器的其它部件未清楚示出。容易理解，针对阻火器500所描述的技术效果，均适用于阻火器500B，在此也不再重复描述。
如图11所示，在本实施例的这一变型中，阻火器500C的阻火筒510C的周向壁构造成具有若干个网眼520C。即，阻火筒510C构造成网格件。由此，爆轰或爆燃火焰能够经网眼520C进入到阻火器的内腔中。
同样，本发明的发明人通过试验发现，当阻火器500C的阻火筒510C中的网眼520C的总面积选择成大于与阻火器相连的介质输送管道的横截面积的2倍时，能够获得非常有效的阻爆轰的效果。
图12显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的第四种变型的阻火器500D。该阻火器500D与阻火器500B的不同之处仅在于阻火筒。因此，为简单、清楚起见，图12仅清楚显示了阻火筒的结构，而阻火器的其它部件未清楚示出。容易理解，针 对阻火器500所描述的技术效果，均适用于阻火器500D，在此也不再重复描述。
如图12所示，在本实施例的这一变型中，阻火器500D的阻火筒510D的周向壁构造成包括沿轴向相邻布置的网眼部分521D和通孔部分522D，其中网眼部分521D包括若干个网眼，而通孔部分522D包括若干个通孔。由此，爆轰或爆燃火焰能够经网眼和通孔进入到阻火器的内腔中。
同样，本发明的发明人通过试验发现，当阻火器500D的阻火筒510D中的网眼和通孔的总面积选择成大于与阻火器相连的介质输送管道的横截面积的2倍时，能够获得非常有效的阻爆轰的效果。
尽管图12中显示的是网眼部分521D布置在通孔部分522D的上游(相对于介质流动方向)，然而可以理解，网眼部分521D也可以布置在通孔部分522D的下游。
图13显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的第五种变型的阻火器500E。该阻火器500E与阻火器500D的不同之处仅在于阻火筒。因此，为简单、清楚起见，图12仅清楚显示了阻火筒的结构，而阻火器的其它部件未清楚示出。容易理解，针对阻火器500所描述的技术效果，均适用于阻火器500E，在此也不再重复描述。
如图13所示，在本实施例的这一变型中，阻火器500E的阻火筒510E的周向壁构造成包括沿径向重叠布置的网眼部分521E和通孔部分522E，其中网眼部分521E包括若干个网眼，而通孔部分522E包括若干个通孔。由此，爆轰或爆燃火焰能够经网眼和通孔进入到阻火器的内腔中。
同样，本发明的发明人通过试验发现，当阻火器500E的阻火筒510E中的网眼和通孔的总面积选择成大于与阻火器相连的介质输送管道的横截面积的2倍时，能够获得非常有效的阻爆轰的效果。
尽管图13中显示的是网眼部分521E布置在通孔部分522E的径向内侧(即，通孔部分522E包覆着网眼部分521E)，然而可以理解，网眼部分521E也可布置在通孔部分522E的径向内外侧(即，网眼部分521E包覆着通孔部分522E)。
图14显示了根据本发明的第二实施例的第六种变型的阻火器500F。该阻火器500F与阻火器500的不同之处仅在于阻火筒。因此，为简单、清楚起见，图12仅清楚显示了阻火筒的结构，而阻火器的其它部件未清楚示出。容易理解，针对阻火器500所描述的技术效果，均适用于阻火器500F，在此也不再重复描述。
如图14所示，在本实施例的这一变型中，阻火器500F的阻火筒510F构造 成圆锥体而非圆柱体。具体地说，阻火筒510F的体积在轴向上沿朝向阻火芯(未示出)的方向逐渐增大。
在这种阻火器500F中，由于阻火器壳体在沿着介质的流向上体积逐渐变大，因此气流和火焰会在体积加大的同时从多条栅格通道520F中穿过并进入阻火器的内腔。在受到阻火筒510F的上述作用后，爆轰横波结构受到破坏，由于体积瞬间膨胀，导致火焰传播速度进一步降低。
容易理解，根据本发明的第二实施例的这一种变型，可以构思出多种不同于圆锥体的阻火筒的结构，只要阻火筒的体积沿介质流动方向逐渐增大即可。
基于本发明的第二实施例所提供的创造性概念，即可以对火焰进行分级处理，逐步减弱其威力，本申请还提出了一种新型的阻火器的结构。
图15显示了根据本发明的第三实施例的阻火器800。从图15中可以看到，在根据本发明的第三实施例的阻火器800的阻火器壳体内设有根据本发明的第二实施例的阻火筒510，以及根据本发明的第一实施例的阻火板组件300。
在根据本发明的第三实施例的阻火器800中，阻火筒510用于减缓将来自介质输送管道的爆轰火焰的速度和压力，并使之无法冲击到阻火芯200的中心部位，而是沿着阻火筒510的径向进入到阻火器壳体101的周边区域中。这样，可以有效地使爆轰火焰转变为爆燃火焰。之后，爆燃火焰经过阻火板组件300，进一步降低了火焰的速度，并使火焰更多地冲击阻火芯200的周边部位而非中心部位。然后，火焰经过阻火芯200，被进一步地降低。试验证明，根据本发明的第三实施例的阻火器800能够良好地熄灭爆轰火焰。
因此，根据本发明的第三实施例，首先通过阻火筒来使爆轰火焰进入阻火器壳体的周边区域，并使爆轰火焰转变成爆燃火焰，之后通过阻火板组件来进一步降低爆燃火焰的威力，最后通过阻火芯使爆燃火焰熄灭。这一实施例是第一实施例和第二实施例的组合运用，并创造性地提出了阶梯式地来削减爆轰火焰的威力，从而实现了特别令人满意的阻火效果。同时，容易理解，根据本发明的第三实施例的阻火器也具备良好的介质流通效率。
需要说明的是，尽管没有详细说明，然而本领域的技术人员可以理解，在一些未示出的本发明的第三实施例的变型中，可以使用根据本发明的第一实施例的各种变型的阻火板组件和根据本发明的第一实施例的各种变型的阻火筒的任意组合。这同样能够达到类似于阻火器800的技术效果。
在本实施例中虽然已经参考优选地对本发明进行了描述，但在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，在不存在结构冲突的情况下，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本发明并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种阻火器，包括具有入口和出口的阻火器壳体，以及设置在所述阻火器壳体内的阻火芯，其特征在于，在所述阻火器壳体中设有位于所述阻火芯与所述入口之间的用于阻止火焰直接冲击所述阻火芯的中心区域的阻火机构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述阻火机构包括一端与所述入口连通而另一端封闭的阻火筒，在所述阻火筒的周向壁上设有供介质流通的通道。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述通道由沿所述阻火筒的轴向延伸的若干条栅格形成，所述栅格的宽度优选地彼此不同。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述通道由开设在所述阻火筒的周向壁上的若干通孔形成。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述阻火筒包括多孔部分或网格部分，其中，所述多孔部分中的孔隙或所述网格部分的网眼形成所述通道。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述阻火筒包括沿轴向或径向相邻地布置的多孔部分和网格部分，其中，所述多孔部分中的孔隙或所述网格部分的网眼形成所述通道。
  7. 根据权利要求2到6中任一项所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述通道的总面积大于与所述阻火器相连的介质输送管道的截面积的两倍。
  8. 根据权利要求2到7中任一项所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述阻火筒构造成沿着朝向所述阻火芯的方向具有逐渐增大的体积。
  9. 根据权利要求2到8中任一项所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述阻火机构包括两个相对于所述阻火芯对称设置的所述阻火筒。
  10. 根据权利要求1到9中任一项所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述阻火器壳体形成为圆柱体，并通过两侧的连接段分别与所述入口和出口相连，
    所述阻火器壳体在与所述连接段相邻的区域具有过渡段，所述阻火筒设置在所述过渡段的区域。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述阻火机构还包括设置在所述阻火筒和所述阻火芯之间的阻火板组件。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述阻火板组件至少包括沿轴向间隔开的第一阻火板和第二阻火板，所述第一阻火板和第二阻火板沿周 向错开地安装在所述阻火器壳体的内壁上，但在所述阻火器壳体的中心截面区域形成交叠。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述第一阻火板和第二阻火板均形成为由优弧段和直线段所限定的部分圆板，
    其中，所述第一阻火板和第二阻火板的优弧段均安装在所述阻火器壳体的内壁上，而所述第一阻火板和第二阻火板的直线段彼此平行，且相向地延伸超过所述阻火器壳体的纵向中心线。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述第一和第二阻火板与所述阻火器壳体的横截面之间形成一个大于等于0度且小于等于45度的夹角，优选形成一个大于等于0度且小于等于25度的夹角。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述第一阻火板和第二阻火板的靠近所述阻火器壳体的内壁的区域内设置有通孔，所述通孔与所述阻火器壳体的纵向中心线优选地形成一个小于90度的夹角。
  16. 根据权利要求12到15中任一项所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述阻火器满足下述关系：1.5d≥h1≥d；1.5d≥h2≥d；D≥2d；h1＞0.5D；h2＞0.5D，其中D为所述本体的直径，d为所述连接段的直径，h1和h2分别为第一阻火板和第二阻火板在所述阻火器壳体的横截面方向上的投影长度。
  17. 根据权利要求11所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述阻火板组件包括一个设置在所述阻火器壳体的轴向中心线上的中心阻火板，以及三个相对于所述轴向中心线呈等边三角形布置的外围阻火板，其中，所述中心阻火板和所述外围阻火板均构造为弧形板。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述中心阻火板和所述外围阻火板均顺应着介质流动方向弯曲，且所述中心阻火板在介质流动方向上处于所述外围阻火板之前；或者
    所述中心阻火板和所述外围阻火板均逆着介质流动方向弯曲，且所述中心阻火板在介质流动方向上处于所述外围阻火板之后。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的阻火器，其特征在于，所述中心阻火板和所述外围阻火板在所述阻火芯上的投影的外接圆的面积大于所述阻火器的连接段的横截面积，并且所述中心阻火板和所述外围阻火板在所述阻火芯上的投影至少部分重合。
  20. 根据权利要求11到19中任一项所述的阻火器，其特征在于，在所述阻火器壳体内相对于所述阻火芯对称地布置了两个阻火板组件。
  21. 一种阻火器，包括：
    阻火器壳体，所述阻火器壳体具有大致圆柱形的本体、与所述本体的两端相连的连接段，以及与所述连接段相连的两个端口，其中所述本体的两端均通过过渡段与所述连接段相连；
    设置在所述阻火器壳体内的阻火芯；
    设置所述本体的过渡段内的阻火筒，所述阻火筒的第一端通过其中一个连接段与其中一个端口连通，所述阻火筒的朝向所述阻火芯的第二端封闭，在所述阻火筒的周向壁设有供介质流通的通道；以及
    设置在所述阻火筒和所述阻火芯之间的阻火板组件，所述阻火板组件至少包括沿轴向间隔开的第一阻火板和第二阻火板，所述第一阻火板和第二阻火板沿周向错开地安装在所述阻火器壳体的内壁上，但在所述阻火器壳体的中心截面区域形成交叠。
PCT/CN2021/073197 2020-06-18 2021-01-22 阻火器 WO2021253828A1 (zh)

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