WO2021251892A1 - Acier pour outil de travail à chaud - Google Patents

Acier pour outil de travail à chaud Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021251892A1
WO2021251892A1 PCT/SE2021/050562 SE2021050562W WO2021251892A1 WO 2021251892 A1 WO2021251892 A1 WO 2021251892A1 SE 2021050562 W SE2021050562 W SE 2021050562W WO 2021251892 A1 WO2021251892 A1 WO 2021251892A1
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Prior art keywords
steel
hot
work tool
hot work
fulfils
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PCT/SE2021/050562
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English (en)
Inventor
Sebastian Ejnermark
Anders KVARNED
Richard Oliver
Original Assignee
Uddeholms Ab
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Publication date
Application filed by Uddeholms Ab filed Critical Uddeholms Ab
Priority to BR112022025309A priority Critical patent/BR112022025309A2/pt
Priority to JP2022576069A priority patent/JP2023530420A/ja
Priority to CN202180042183.1A priority patent/CN115917031A/zh
Priority to EP21822435.0A priority patent/EP4165224A4/fr
Priority to MX2022015305A priority patent/MX2022015305A/es
Priority to CA3182089A priority patent/CA3182089A1/fr
Priority to KR1020237000426A priority patent/KR20230024334A/ko
Priority to US18/008,518 priority patent/US20240011135A1/en
Publication of WO2021251892A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021251892A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/20—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for blades for skates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/20—Arc remelting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a matrix type hot work tool steel.
  • Vanadium alloyed matrix tool steels have been on the market for decades and attained a considerable interest because of the fact, that they combine a high wear resistance with an excellent dimensional stability as well as a good toughness.
  • a matrix tool steel is a steel which does not contain any primary carbides or only an extremely low content of small primary carbides and which has a matrix consisting of tempered martensite.
  • US 3117863 is probably the first patent directed to a matrix steel.
  • the basic idea in the US 3117863 was to create a steel having the composition of the matrix of a known high speed steel (HSS).
  • HSS high speed steel
  • the structure of this type of steel was developed in order to improve the toughness and the fatigue strength of the steel by refining the microstructure.
  • WO 03/106727 A1 of the present applicant discloses a hot work matrix steel having an excellent toughness and ductility as well as a good hot strength and wear resistance.
  • the material is known in the market under the name UNIMAX ® .
  • EP1 300482 A1 discloses another matrix steel having a high hardness and wear resistance in combination with a very high toughness and is therefore particularly suited for tools that are stressed at elevated temperatures such as tools for hot and warm forming.
  • This steel is known in the market under the name W360 ISOBLOC ® and has a nominal composition of 0.50 %C, 0.20 %Si, 0.25 %Mn, 4.5 %Cr, 3.00 %Mo and 0.60 %V.
  • Matrix steels are normally produced by vacuum arc re-melting (VAR) or electro slag re melting (ESR) in order to improve the chemical homogeneity and the micro-cleanliness. Further examples of hot work tool matrix steels are given in JP2003226939A, EP3050986A1, US2004/0187972 A1 and US2005/0161125A1.
  • Hot work matrix steels have a wide range of applications such as die casting and forging.
  • the steels are generally produced by conventional metallurgy followed by Electro Slag Remelting (ESR).
  • ESR Electro Slag Remelting
  • a drawback of the known steels is the limited wear resistance.
  • the abrasive wear resistance may limit the life of the known steels in demanding hot work operations such as hot forging, extrusion and press hardening.
  • These tools are expensive and often need to be welded for repair. Accordingly, the weldability is of importance.
  • the weldability of tool steel with high carbon contents is usually considered to be poor and requiring special measures such as high preheating temperatures. It would therefore be useful if the steel could be welded with standard welding consumables, preferable without preheating.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a matrix type hot work tool steel, in use having an improved abrasive wear resistance in demanding applications.
  • the steel should be suited for applications in hot forging, die casting or hot extrusion. It should also be suitable for press hardening, in particular for press hardening of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS).
  • AHSS Advanced High Strength Steel
  • the hot wear resistance needs to be high.
  • the tempering resistance is an important property, because in use the steel may be subjected to high temperatures for long times. Accordingly, it is preferred that the steel not only has a high hardness after hardening but also that the hardness decrease is small. Further important properties include high ductility and toughness, which implies that the steel should have a high cleanliness with respect to micro-slag, a complete freedom from grain boundary carbides as well as a uniform hardness for thicknesses up to 300 mm.
  • Carbon (0.5 - 0.9 %) is to be present in a minimum content of 0.5 %, preferably at least 0.55, 0.60, 0.66, 0.67, or 0.68 %.
  • the upper limit for carbon is 0.9 % and may be set to 0.85, 0.80, 0.75, 0.74, 0.73 or 0.72 %.
  • Preferred ranges are 0.6 - 0.8 % and 0.65 - 0.75 %.
  • the amount of carbon should be controlled such that the amount of primary carbides of the type M23C6 , M7C3 and Mr,C in the steel is limited, preferably the steel is free from such primary carbides.
  • Silicon is used for deoxidation. Si is present in the steel in a dissolved form. Si is a strong ferrite former and increases the carbon activity and therefore the risk for the formation of undesired carbides, which negatively affects the impact strength. Silicon is also prone to interfacial segregation, which may result in decreased toughness and thermal fatigue resistance. Si is therefore limited to 0.8 %.
  • the upper limit may be 0.7, 0.6, 0.5, 0.40, 0.35, 0.30, 0.28, 0.27, 0.26, 0.25, 0.24, 0.23 and 0.22 %.
  • the lower limit may be 0.05, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14 or 0.15 %.
  • Manganese contributes to improving the hardenability of the steel and together with sulphur manganese contributes to improving the machinability by forming manganese sulphides.
  • Manganese shall therefore be present in a minimum content of 0.1 %, preferably at least 0.2, 0.3, 0.35 or 0.4 %. At higher sulphur contents manganese prevents red brittleness in the steel. Mn may also cause undesirable micro-segregation resulting in a banded structure.
  • the steel shall contain maximum 1.8 %, preferably maximum 0.8, 0.75, 0.7, 0.6, 0.55 or 0.5 %.
  • Chromium is to be present in a content of at least 4 % in order to provide a good hardenability in larger cross sections during heat treatment. If the chromium content is too high, this may lead to the formation of high-temperature ferrite, which reduces the hot-workability.
  • the lower limit may be 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8 or 4.9 %.
  • the upper limit may be 6.0, 5.9, 5.8, 5.7, 5.6, 5.5, 5.4, 5.3, 5.2 or 5.1 %.
  • Molybdenum (1.8 - 3.5 %) Mo is known to have a very favourable effect on the hardenability. Molybdenum is essential for attaining a good secondary hardening response. The minimum content is 1.8 %, and may be set to 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.15 or 2.2 %. Molybdenum is a strong carbide forming element and also a strong ferrite former. The maximum content of molybdenum is therefore 3.5 %. Mo may be limited to 2.9, 2.7, 2.6, 2.5, 2.4 or 2.3 %.
  • Tungsten is not an essential element in the present invention.
  • the upper limit is 0. 5 % may be set to 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 or 0.1 %.
  • Nickel is not an essential element in the present invention.
  • the upper limit may be set to 0.5, 0.4, 0.3 or 0.25 %.
  • Vanadium forms evenly distributed primary precipitated carbides and carbonitrides of the type VC and V(C,N) in the matrix of the steel. These carbides and carbonitrides may also be denoted MX, wherein M is mainly V but Cr and Mo may be present and X is one or more of C, N and B. However, in the following only VC will be used with the same meaning as MX. Vanadium is used in order to form a controlled amount of relatively large VC and shall therefore be present in an amount of 1.3 - 2.3 %. The lower limit may be set to 1.35, 1.4, 1.45, 1.5 or 1.55 %. The upper limit may be set to 2.2, 2.1, 2.0, 1.9, 1.8, 1.7 or 1.65 %. Aluminium ( ⁇ 0 1 %)
  • Aluminium may be used for deoxidation in combination with Si and Mn.
  • the lower limit is set to 0.001, 0.003, 0.005 or 0.007% in order to ensure a good deoxidation.
  • the upper limit is restricted to 0.1 % for avoiding precipitation of undesired phases such as AIN.
  • the upper limit may be 0.05, 0.04 or 0.3 %.
  • Nitrogen ( ⁇ 0.12 %) Nitrogen is an optional element. N is restricted 0.12 % in order to avoid too high an amount of hard phases, in particular V(C,N). However, the nitrogen content may be balanced against the vanadium content in order to form primarily precipitated vanadium rich carbonitrides. These will partly be dissolved during the austenitizing step and then precipitated during the tempering step as particles of nanometer size. The thermal stability of vanadium carbonitrides is considered to be better than that of vanadium carbides, hence the tempering resistance of the tool steel may be improved and the resistance against grain growth at high austenitizing temperatures may be enhanced.
  • the lower limit may be set to 0.006, 0.007, 0.08, 0.09, 0.01, 0.012, 0.013, 0.014 or 0.015%.
  • the upper limit may be 0.11, 0.10, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04 or 0.03 %.
  • Cu is an optional element, which may contribute to increase the hardness and the corrosion resistance of the steel. However, it is not possible to extract copper from the steel once it has been added. This drastically makes the scrap handling more difficult. For this reason, copper is normally not deliberately added.
  • the upper limit may be restricted to 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 or 0.15 %.
  • Co is an optional element. Co causes the solidus temperature to increase and therefore provides an opportunity to raise the hardening temperature. During austenitization it is therefore possible to dissolve larger fraction of carbides and thereby enhance the hardenability. However, Co is expensive and a large amount of Co may also result in a decreased toughness and wear resistance. The maximum amount is therefore 5 %. However, a deliberate addition of Co is generally not made. The maximum content may be set to 2, 1, 0.5 or 0.2%.
  • Niobium is similar to vanadium in that it forms carbonitrides of the type M(N,C). However, Nb results in a more angular shape of the M(N,C) and may reduce the hardenability at high contents.
  • the maximum amount is therefore 0.1 %, preferably 0.05 %.
  • Nb precipitates are more stable than V precipitates and may therefore be used for grain refinement, since the fine dispersion of NbC plays the role of pinning the grain boundaries leading to grain refinement and improved toughness as well as improved resistance to softening at high temperatures. For this reason, Nb is an optional element and may be present in an amount of ⁇ 0.1 %.
  • the upper limit may be set to 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03 0.01 or 0.005 %.
  • the lower limit may be set to 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009 or 0.01 %.
  • These elements are carbide formers and may be present in the alloy in the claimed ranges for altering the composition of the hard phases. However, normally none of these elements are added.
  • the amount of each element is preferable ⁇ 0.5 %, 0.1 % or ⁇ 0.05 %, more preferably 0.01 % or 0.005 %.
  • B may be used in order to further increase the hardness of the steel.
  • the amount is limited to 0.01 %, preferably ⁇ 0.006 % more preferably 0.005 %..
  • the amount of Ca and Mg is preferably ⁇ 0.01 %, more preferably ⁇ 0.005 %.
  • the amount of REM is preferably ⁇ 0.2 %, more preferably ⁇ 0.1 % or even 0.05 %.
  • Impurity elements cannot be avoided during the manufacturing of the steel. Impurity elements are therefore included in the balance and the level of said elements is not essential to the definition of the present invention.
  • P, S and O are the main impurities, which generally have a negative effect on the mechanical properties of the steel. These elements are unavoidable and may occur in in the steel at common impurity contents. However, since these elements may have a negative effect on the properties in steel, the impurity contents thereof may be further limited.
  • Preferred limitations are set out as follows. P may be limited to 0.1, 0.05 or 0.03 %. S may be limited to 0.5, 0.1 0.05 0.0015, 0.0010, 0.0008, 0.0005 or even 0.0001%. O may be limited to 0.01, 0.003, 0.0015, 0.0012, 0.0010, 0.0008, 0.0006 or 0.0005 %.
  • the tool steel having the claimed chemical composition can be produced by conventional metallurgy including melting in an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and further refining in a ladle, optionally followed by a vacuum treatment before casting.
  • EAF Electric Arc Furnace
  • the ingots may also be subjected to Electro Slag Remelting (ESR) in order to further improve the cleanliness and the microstructural homogeneity of the ingots.
  • ESR Electro Slag Remelting
  • VAM Vacuum Induction Melting
  • VAR Vacuum Arc Remelting
  • An alternate processing route for the claimed steel is gas atomizing followed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) to form a HIPed ingot, which also may be used in the condition as-HIPed.
  • HIP hot isostatic pressing
  • the ingots may be subjected to further hot working to final dimension as well as to soft annealing to a Brinell hardness of ⁇ 360 HBW, preferably ⁇ 300 HBW.
  • the Brinell hardness is measured with a 10 mm diameter tungsten carbide ball and a load of 3000 kgf (29400N) and may also be denoted HBW10 / 3000.
  • the steel may be subjected to hardening and tempering before being used.
  • the steel is normally delivered to the customer in the soft annealed condition having a ferritic matrix with an even distribution of carbides therein.
  • the soft annealed steel has uniform properties also for large dimensions and according to a preferred embodiment the uniformity in hardness should have a mean hardness of ⁇ 360 HBW and for a thickness of at least 100 mm and the maximum deviation from the mean Brinell hardness value in the thickness direction measured in accordance with ASTM El 0-01 is less than 10 %, preferably less than 5 %, and wherein the minimum distance of the centre of the indentation from the edge of the specimen or edge of another indentation shall be at least two and a half times the diameter of the indentation and the maximum distance shall be no more than 4 times the diameter of the indentation.
  • the atomized powder may also be used for additive manufacturing.
  • the hot work steel according to the present invention consists of in weight % (wt.%):
  • the hot work tool steel fulfils at least one of the following requirements:
  • composition of the steel fulfils one or more of the following requirements:
  • the steel fulfils at least one of the following requirements:
  • the composition can be adjusted such that the steel in the hardened and tempered condition contains a small and controlled amount of vanadium carbides having a size of larger than or equal to 1 pm.
  • the size is given as Equivalent Circular Diameter (ECD), which is calculated from the image area (A) obtained in an image analysis.
  • the ECD has the same projected area as the particle and it is equal to 2 ⁇ 1 (A/p).
  • the steel should preferably contain 0.2 - 4 volume % VC, preferably 0.5 - 3 volume % and more preferably 1.5 - 2.3 volume %.
  • the amount of MeC and M7C3 should be restricted to 2 volume %, preferably 0.5 volume %, and more preferably 0.1 volume %, each.
  • the hardness of the steel can be adjusted by selecting a proper combination of the austenitizing time and temperature, the cooling rate expressed as cooling time in the temperature interval from 800 °C to 500 °C ( t / x) as well as the tempering temperature. Generally, the steel is tempered twice for two hours (2x2h) in order to reduce the amount of retained austenite to less than 2 volume %.
  • the mechanical properties of the steel after hardening and tempering to a hardness of 55-57 HRC should preferably at least one of the following requirements:
  • Table 1 discloses the hardness in Rockwell C (HRC) as a function of the hardening parameters austenitizing time and temperature. It can be seen that the hardness easily can be adjusted in the range from 49 to 61 HRC.
  • the composition of the ESR ingot was as follows: C 0.71 %, Si 0.22 %, Mn 0.46 %, Cr 5.01 %, Mo, 2.24 %, V 1.62 %, A1 0.007 %.
  • the temper resistance was examined for the steel austenitized at 1130 °C and tempered at 580 °C and 600 °C, respectively.
  • the steel samples were subjected to heating at 600 °C for 10 hours.
  • the hardness decreased from 58.4 HRC to 53.6 HRC and for the second sample the hardness decreased from 55.9 HRC to 52.8 HRC.
  • the loss in hardness was 4.8 HRC and 3.1 HRC, respectively.
  • the initial hardness was 57.8 HRC and the hardness after 10 hours at 600 °C was 49.4 HRC. Accordingly, the loss in hardness was 8.4 HRC for the known steel. It can thus be concluded that the inventive steel has a superior temper resistance as compared to the known steel.
  • the ESR ingot of example 1 was hot rolled to a diameter of 196 mm from which three samples were taken in the LC2 direction and subjected examination for mechanical properties.
  • the following mean value of the examination are given below:
  • EXAMPLE 3 In this example an inventive steel was compared to a standard matrix steel used or forging tools.
  • the alloys had the following compositions (in wt. %) was Inventive steel Comparative steel
  • the alloys were subjected to standard heat treatment, forging and soft annealing to a hardness of about 300 HBW. Both steels were subjected to hardening and tempering by heating to 1100 °C for 30 minutes, quenching and tempering two times at 540 °C during two hours (2x2h). The hardness of the inventive steel was 57 HRC and the hardness of the comparative steel was 56 HRC. The wear resistance of the steel was examined by the Pin on Disk method using 800 mesh Al-oxide papers from the same batch. The wear loss of the inventive steel was found to be 178 mg/min and that of the comparative steel was 219 mg/min.
  • a further sample of the inventive steel was prepared in order to obtain the same hardness as the comparative steel. This was achieved by heating to 1100 °C for 30 minutes and tempering 2x2h at 540 °C. The hardness was 56 HRC. As expected, the wear loss of this sample was somewhat higher (189 mg/min) as compared to the steel having a hardness of 57 HRC but substantially lower than that of the comparative steel having the same hardness.
  • Samples of a steel of the same composition as in example 1 were prepared for welding tests. Solid blocks of the steel were milled to have a sharp 90 ° inside corner, the samples were to two different hardening treatments.
  • the second heat treatment differed therefrom in that the austenitizing was performed at 1130 °C for 10 minutes.
  • the inventive steel possesses a surprisingly good weldability.
  • the steel of the present invention is useful for hot work applications where the tool is subjected to abrasive wear.
  • the steel is suitable as a tool for hot forging, press hardening, die casting, high pressure die casting or hot extrusion.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un acier à outil de travail à chaud de type matrice, présentant, lors de l'utilisation, une résistance à l'usure par abrasion améliorée dans des applications exigeantes. L'invention est particulièrement appropriée pour des applications dans le forgeage à chaud, la coulée sous pression ou l'extrusion à chaud. Elle est également appropriée pour le durcissement à la presse, en particulier pour le durcissement à la presse d'un acier à haute résistance avancé (AHSS) et a une résistance élevée à l'usure à chaud. L'acier pour outil de travail à chaud selon l'invention présente une composition telle que définie par la revendication indépendante.
PCT/SE2021/050562 2020-06-12 2021-06-11 Acier pour outil de travail à chaud WO2021251892A1 (fr)

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BR112022025309A BR112022025309A2 (pt) 2020-06-12 2021-06-11 Aço de ferramenta para trabalho a quente
JP2022576069A JP2023530420A (ja) 2020-06-12 2021-06-11 熱間工具鋼
CN202180042183.1A CN115917031A (zh) 2020-06-12 2021-06-11 热加工工具钢
EP21822435.0A EP4165224A4 (fr) 2020-06-12 2021-06-11 Acier pour outil de travail à chaud
MX2022015305A MX2022015305A (es) 2020-06-12 2021-06-11 Acero para herramientas de trabajo en caliente.
CA3182089A CA3182089A1 (fr) 2020-06-12 2021-06-11 Acier pour outil de travail a chaud
KR1020237000426A KR20230024334A (ko) 2020-06-12 2021-06-11 열간 가공 공구강
US18/008,518 US20240011135A1 (en) 2020-06-12 2021-06-11 Hot work tool steel

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SE2050705A SE544123C2 (en) 2020-06-12 2020-06-12 Hot work tool steel
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CA (1) CA3182089A1 (fr)
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SE (1) SE544123C2 (fr)
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US20240011135A1 (en) 2024-01-11
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SE544123C2 (en) 2022-01-04
CA3182089A1 (fr) 2021-12-16
KR20230024334A (ko) 2023-02-20
SE2050705A1 (en) 2021-12-13
CN115917031A (zh) 2023-04-04
JP2023530420A (ja) 2023-07-18
BR112022025309A2 (pt) 2023-01-03
TW202206620A (zh) 2022-02-16

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