WO2021251506A1 - 破砕状態判定装置および破砕状態判定方法 - Google Patents
破砕状態判定装置および破砕状態判定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021251506A1 WO2021251506A1 PCT/JP2021/022578 JP2021022578W WO2021251506A1 WO 2021251506 A1 WO2021251506 A1 WO 2021251506A1 JP 2021022578 W JP2021022578 W JP 2021022578W WO 2021251506 A1 WO2021251506 A1 WO 2021251506A1
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- spindle
- crushing
- determination device
- state
- state determination
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2/00—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers
- B02C2/02—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2/00—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers
- B02C2/02—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved
- B02C2/04—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis
- B02C2/06—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers eccentrically moved with vertical axis and with top bearing
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a crushing state determination device and a crushing state determination method for a rotary crusher.
- a rotary crusher has been known in which a truncated cone-shaped mantle arranged inside a conical cylindrical cone cave is eccentrically swiveled to bite the object to be crushed between the cone cave and the mantle and crush it. ing. The gap between the crushed surface of the cone cave and the crushed surface of the facing mantle changes periodically.
- Various methods for stably controlling such a rotary crusher have been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1 and the like).
- the load current of the main motor for rotationally driving the spindle to which the mantle is attached is detected, and when the load current is out of the preset range of the preset current value, the spindle (mantle) Disclosed is a configuration in which the load factor is controlled to be constant by raising and lowering.
- the highly efficient crushing state is not a state in which the raw material particles put into the crushing chamber are crushed by single particles, but a state in which the entire layer formed by the aggregate of particles is continuously compressed and crushed. By controlling the crushing chamber to continue in such a state, it is expected that the product particle size and the processing amount will be improved.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a crushing state determination device and a crushing state determination method for a rotary crusher capable of determining a state in a crushing chamber without visual inspection. ..
- the crushing state determination device is a crushing state determination device for determining the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber of the rotary crusher, and the rotary crusher is a spindle.
- the main shaft comprises a mantle fixed to the main shaft, a frame, and a cone cave fixed to the frame so as to face the mantle and forming a crushing chamber between the mantle and the mantle.
- the crushing state determination device is configured to include a determination device for determining the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber, and the determination device acquires a predetermined value regarding the revolution orbit of the main shaft with respect to the central axis of the cone cave. , The state of the crushed material in the crushing chamber is determined by comparing a predetermined parameter obtained from the revolution orbit estimated from the predetermined value with a reference value.
- the crushing state determination method is a crushing state determination method for determining the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber of the rotary crusher, and the rotary crusher is a spindle.
- a mantle fixed to the main shaft, a frame, and a cone cave fixed to the frame so as to face the mantle and forming a crushing chamber between the mantle and the mantle. Crushes the crushed material introduced into the crushing chamber formed between the cone cave and the mantle by the eccentric turning motion in which the main axis rotates while the central axis of the main axis is inclined with respect to the central axis of the cone cave.
- a predetermined value regarding the revolution orbit of the spindle with respect to the central axis of the cone cave is acquired, and a predetermined parameter obtained from the revolution orbit estimated from the predetermined value is used as a reference.
- the state of the crushed material in the crushing chamber is determined by comparing with the value.
- the state of the crushing chamber can be determined without visual inspection.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an overall configuration of an example of a rotary crusher to which the crushing state determination device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the crushed state determination device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of the journal bearing mechanism shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the temporal changes of the first distance and the second distance in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a graph showing the revolution orbit obtained from the graph shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5B is a graph showing the revolution orbit obtained from the graph shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5C is a graph showing the revolution orbit obtained from the graph shown in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the crushed state determination device according to the first modification of the first embodiment is applied.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the crushed state determination device according to the second modification of the first embodiment is applied.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the crushed state determination device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IX-IX of the journal bearing mechanism shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the crushed state determination device according to the modified example of the second embodiment is applied.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the crushed state determination device according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
- FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of another example of a rotary crusher to which the crushing state determination device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an overall configuration of an example of a rotary crusher to which the crushing state determination device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
- the rotary crusher is a crusher for crushing rough stones (rocks), and includes a gyretri crusher, a corn crusher, and the like.
- a hydraulic cone crusher which is a hydraulic rotary crusher in which a spindle provided with a mantle is rotatably supported by an upper bearing and a lower bearing and the spindle is moved up and down by hydraulic pressure, will be illustrated.
- the present disclosure is applicable as long as it is a rotary crusher in which the spindle makes an eccentric swivel motion.
- the rotary crusher (hereinafter, simply abbreviated as crusher) 100 shown in FIG. 1 is an internal space formed by a tubular upper frame 101 having a frustum-shaped pyramid shape and a lower frame 102 connected to the tubular upper frame 101.
- a spindle 105 is provided at the center.
- the central axis O2 of the main shaft 105 is arranged so as to be inclined with respect to the central axis O3 of the upper frame 101.
- the upper frame 101 and the lower frame 102 are collectively referred to as a frame 131.
- the main shaft 105 has a cylindrical shape at the lower part, and is rotatably supported by the lower bearing 115.
- the lower bearing 115 includes an eccentric sleeve 104 that receives the spindle 105 and an outer cylinder 107 that receives the eccentric sleeve 104.
- the eccentric sleeve 104 has a spindle fitting hole 103 into which the lower end portion of the spindle 105 is rotatably fitted.
- the eccentric sleeve 104 includes an eccentric sleeve support 132 that rotatably supports the eccentric sleeve 104 below the eccentric sleeve 104.
- the eccentric sleeve support 132 is fixed to the lower frame 102.
- the eccentric sleeve 104 is rotatably fitted into the eccentric sleeve fitting hole 127 formed in the outer cylinder 107 whose outer peripheral surface is arranged in the lower frame 102.
- the upper end portion of the spindle 105 is rotatably supported by the upper bearing 117.
- the upper bearing structure 133 integrally configured with the upper bearing 117 is supported by a spider 118 connected to the upper frame 101. That is, the upper bearing structure 133 is a frame-side member supported by the upper frame 101 via a spider 118 so as to be located at a position facing the spindle 105.
- the spider 118 forms a beam body that passes through the central portion of the upper frame 101 and connects the upper end portions of the upper frame 101.
- a hydraulic cylinder 130 for hydraulically moving the spindle 105 up and down is provided below the lower bearing 115.
- a hydraulic chamber 128 is formed on the inner peripheral side of the cylindrical partition plate 124 provided above the lower bearing 115. Ensuring smooth sliding between the lower end of the spindle 105 and the inner peripheral surface of the spindle fitting hole 103, and between the outer peripheral surface of the eccentric sleeve 104 and the inner peripheral surface of the eccentric sleeve fitting hole 127. Lubricating oil is supplied to form an oil film for preventing wear of the sliding surface. As a result, the eccentric sleeve 104 and the outer cylinder 107 of the lower bearing 115 function as journal bearings.
- a dust seal 125 is attached to the bottom surface of the mantle 112 using the dust seal cover 126 in order to prevent dust from entering the hydraulic chamber 128.
- the mantle tortoise 112 forming the outer peripheral surface of the cone-shaped head is firmly attached by shrink fitting.
- a mantle 113 which is made of a wear-resistant material (for example, high manganese cast steel) and forms a conical outer peripheral surface, is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the mantle 112.
- the inner surface of the upper frame 101 is provided with a cone cave 114 made of a wear resistant material (for example, high manganese cast steel).
- the cone cave 114 is arranged so as to face the mantle 113.
- the crushing chamber 116 is formed by a substantially wedge-shaped space formed by the cone cave 114 and the mantle 113 and having a narrow lower portion in a vertical cross section.
- the main shaft 105 is inclined with respect to the upper frame 101 in a plane including the central axis O2 of the main shaft 105 and the central axis O3 of the upper frame 101.
- the eccentric sleeve 104 has a central axis substantially the same as the central axis O3 of the upper frame 101, and is arranged so as to be rotatable around the central axis.
- the spindle fitting hole 103 formed in the eccentric sleeve 104 has a central axis substantially the same as the central axis O2 of the spindle 105. Further, the eccentric sleeve fitting hole 127 into which the eccentric sleeve 104 is fitted has substantially the same central axis as the central axis O3 of the upper frame 101.
- a driven side bevel gear via a power transmission mechanism such as a pulley 122, a horizontal shaft, and a bevel gear 119 (driving side bevel gear 120 and driven side bevel gear 121) by an electric motor (not shown) provided outside the frame 131.
- the eccentric sleeve 104 connected to 121 rotates about the central axis O3 of the upper frame 101 as the center of rotation.
- the spindle 105 performs an eccentric turning motion, a so-called precession motion, in the crushing chamber 116 with the intersection P as a fixed point in space.
- the central axis O2 of the main axis 105 is in a state of being inclined with respect to the central axis O3 of the upper frame 101 (the central axis of the cone cave 114).
- the intersection P fluctuates minutely due to a bearing gap in the upper bearing 117, deformation of the casing, or the like during operation or the like.
- the behavior of the upper bearing 117 of the spindle 105 may also vary slightly from the geometric behavior.
- the distance between an arbitrary position on the inner surface of the cone cave 114 in the crushing chamber 116 and the outer peripheral surface of the mantle 113 facing the position changes in the same cycle as the rotation of the spindle 105. That is, when the eccentric sleeve 104 is rotated to rotate the spindle 105 in the crushing chamber 116, for example, the position of the shortest distance between the outer surface of the mantle 113 and the inner surface of the cone cave 114 at the vertical lower end of the crushing chamber 116 is the position of the spindle 105. It changes as it turns.
- crushed material 109 is thrown in from above the crusher 100 and falls into the crushing chamber 116.
- the distance between the cone cave 114 and the mantle 113 becomes narrower toward the lower side, and the width of the distance changes periodically as the main shaft 105 turns.
- the crushed object 109 is crushed while repeatedly dropping and compressing.
- the crushed material 109 crushed with the distance between the corn cave 114 and the mantle 113 being smaller than the narrowest portion is discharged from below as a crushed product and recovered.
- the behavior of the spindle 105 in the upper bearing 117 of the crusher 100 is such that the spindle 105 revolves along the inner peripheral surface of the upper bearing 117.
- the crushing state determination device 1 in the present embodiment detects a change in the revolution orbit of the spindle 105 with respect to the upper bearing structure 133 as a change of the revolution orbit with respect to the central axis O3 of the upper frame 101 of the spindle 105, thereby detecting the change of the revolution orbit in the crushing chamber. It detects the state of the crushed material in 116.
- journal bearing mechanism including the spindle 105 and the upper bearing structure 133 is extracted and the crushing state determination device 1 detects the revolution trajectory of the journal bearing mechanism
- the spindle 105 will be referred to as a shaft 2
- the upper bearing 117 will be referred to as a bearing 3
- the upper bearing structure 133 will be referred to as a bearing structure 4.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the crushed state determination device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of the journal bearing mechanism shown in FIG.
- the crushing state determining device 1 is configured to detect the state of the crushed object (crushed state) in the crushing chamber 116 from the revolution orbit of the shaft 2 in the journal bearing mechanism 5.
- the journal bearing mechanism 5 includes a shaft 2 and a bearing structure 4 including a slide bearing (hereinafter, simply referred to as a bearing) 3 that supports a radial load of the shaft 2.
- the bearing structure 4 is integrally formed with the bearing 3 (is configured to be non-rotatable about the axis with respect to the bearing 3). It is defined as a concept that includes and.
- the shaft 2 revolves along the inner peripheral surface S1 of the bearing 3. At this time, the shaft 2 and the bearing 3 are in a substantially contact state even during the revolution.
- the journal bearing mechanism 5 capable of detecting the crushed state in the crushed state determining device 1 is in a substantially contact state on the entire circumference of the outer edge of the revolved track when the shaft 2 revolves along the inner peripheral surface S1 of the bearing 3.
- the shaft 2 may be in contact with the inner peripheral surface S1 of the bearing 3 at two or more points in the circumferential direction at the outer edge of the revolution track.
- the almost contact state is (i) a weak fluid lubrication state in which the thickness of the fluid lubrication film is several ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m or less, and there may be a contact state which is usually fluid lubrication but does not go through the fluid lubrication film momentarily, (ii).
- a mixed lubrication state in which a fluid lubrication state and a boundary lubrication state (a state in which the shaft 2 and the bearing 3 partially contact without a fluid lubrication film) are mixed, (iii) a boundary lubrication state, and (iv) a solid lubricant. Includes a contact state via a lubrication, and (v) a solid contact state in which the shaft 2 and the bearing 3 are in direct contact with each other.
- the crushing state determination device 1 includes a detector 7, a determination device 8, a storage device 9, and an output device 10. Each of the configurations 7 to 10 of the crushing state determination device 1 mutually transmits data by the bus 11.
- the crushing state determination device 1 may be configured by a control device of a device or equipment (for example, a rotary crusher described later) provided with a journal bearing mechanism 5, or is provided in the device or equipment separately from the control device. It may be configured by a computer for determining the crushing state, or may be configured by a computer installed separately (remotely) from the device or equipment. Further, a control device of a device or equipment exerts some functions constituting the crushing state determination device 1, and a remote computer exerts other functions, and data is generated between these computers by communication means such as wireless communication. It may be configured for mutual communication.
- the detector 7 may be attached to a device or equipment provided with a journal bearing mechanism 5, and the determination device 8 and the storage device 9 may be provided in a server device such as a cloud server. In this case, the detector 7 and the server device are communicated and connected via a predetermined communication network. Further, the output device 10 may be provided in a computer device that is communicatively connected to the server device via a communication network. Thereby, the crushed state of the equipment or equipment can be confirmed at a place away from the equipment or equipment provided with the journal bearing mechanism 5.
- the functions of the determination device 8 disclosed in the present specification include a general-purpose processor configured or programmed to execute the disclosed functions, a dedicated processor, an integrated circuit, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), a conventional circuit, and a conventional circuit. / Or can be performed using a circuit or processing circuit that includes a combination thereof.
- a processor is considered a processing circuit or circuit because it contains transistors and other circuits.
- a circuit, unit, or means (part) is hardware that performs the listed functions or is programmed to perform the listed functions.
- the hardware may be the hardware disclosed herein, or it may be other known hardware that is programmed or configured to perform the listed functions. If the hardware is a processor considered to be a type of circuit, the circuit, unit, or means is a combination of hardware and software, and the software is used to configure the hardware and / or processor.
- the detector 7 is attached to the bearing structure 4 and detects a predetermined value regarding the revolution trajectory of the shaft 2 with respect to the bearing structure 4.
- the detector 7 is configured to detect the distance between the shaft 2 and the bearing structure 4 at two or more points different in the circumferential direction. More specifically, the detector 7 has a first sensor 71 arranged at the first position 41 of the bearing structure 4 so as to face the shaft 2 (side surface S2), and the first sensor 71 of the bearing structure 4.
- a second sensor 72 which is arranged so as to face the shaft 2 (side surface S2), is provided at a second position 42 different from the position 41.
- the first sensor 71 is composed of a displacement sensor that detects the first distance ⁇ 1 between the first position 41 and the side surface S2 of the shaft 2.
- the second sensor 72 is configured by a displacement sensor that detects a second distance ⁇ 2 between the second position 42 and the side surface S2 of the shaft 2.
- the displacement sensor is not particularly limited as long as it is a sensor such as a gap sensor, a laser displacement meter, a contact type displacement meter, etc., which can measure the distance of the facing shaft 2 from the side surface S2.
- the storage device 9 includes a non-volatile storage device such as a flash memory or a hard disk drive, and stores the detection value from the detector 7. Further, the storage device 9 stores an arithmetic program for the crushing state determination process and a predetermined value (reference value and / or threshold value) based on the reference revolution orbit used for the determination process described later. Further, the storage device 9 includes a volatile memory such as a RAM for temporarily storing the calculation contents of the determination device 8.
- the determination device 8 is composed of an calculation device (processor) that executes a crushing state determination process of the shaft 2 and the bearing 3 based on the calculation program stored in the storage device 9 and various information.
- the result of the crushing state determination process is stored in the storage device 9 and output from the output device 10.
- the aspect of the output device 10 is not particularly limited.
- the output device 10 may have a configuration such as a monitor, a warning lamp, an alarm speaker, etc. provided in the device or equipment, which can notify the result of the crushed state determination (for example, the crushed state is deteriorated).
- the detector 7 detects the first distance ⁇ 1 and the second distance ⁇ 2 as predetermined values regarding the orbit of the shaft 2 with respect to the bearing structure 4.
- the detector 7 continuously or intermittently detects the first distance ⁇ 1 and the second distance ⁇ 2 during the operation of the journal bearing mechanism 5 (during the operation of the rotary crusher).
- the direction of the first line segment L1 is the x direction
- the direction of the second line segment L2 is the y direction.
- the ratio of the gap between the side surface S2 of the shaft 2 and the inner peripheral surface S1 of the bearing 3 to the radius r of the shaft 2 is increased in order to make the drawing easy to understand.
- this gap is sufficiently small with respect to the radius r of the axis 2. Therefore, the first distance ⁇ 1 and the second distance ⁇ 2 detected by the two sensors 71 and 72 are also sufficiently small with respect to the radius r of the axis 2.
- the coordinates (x, y) of the center position O2 (hereinafter referred to as the axis O2) of the axis 2 in the Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the bearing structure 4 are (x, y) ⁇ (r + ⁇ 1, r + ⁇ 2). It is represented by.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the temporal changes of the first distance ⁇ 1 and the second distance ⁇ 2 in the present embodiment.
- the shaft 2 in the present embodiment revolves along the inner peripheral surface S1 of the bearing 3. Therefore, the first distance ⁇ 1 and the second distance ⁇ 2 change periodically regardless of the crushed state.
- the determination device 8 calculates the coordinates (x, y) of the axis O2 from the first distance ⁇ 1 and the second distance ⁇ 2 detected by the detector 7, and the coordinates (x, y) of the axis O2. ) Is accumulated for a predetermined period to obtain the orbit of the axis O2 as a revolution orbit.
- [Determination mode 1] 5A to 5C are graphs showing the orbits obtained from the graph shown in FIG.
- the graphs shown on the left side of each of FIGS. 5A to 5C are Lissajous diagrams obtained by synthesizing the trajectories of the first distance ⁇ 1 and the second distance ⁇ 2 that intersect each other.
- the figures shown on the right side of each of FIGS. 5A to 5C are diagrams schematically showing the state of the crushing chamber 116 determined from the graph on the left side.
- the revolution orbit T obtained in the present embodiment is usually a circular orbit.
- the determination device 8 determines the state of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 116 by comparing a predetermined parameter obtained from the revolution orbit T with the reference value. In the example of FIGS. 5A to 5C, the determination device 8 determines whether or not the change width of the orbital diameter of the revolution orbit T at a predetermined time is larger than the reference value. For example, the determination device 8 calculates the radial width at a predetermined position in the obtained revolution orbit T as the change width W of the orbit diameter in the revolution orbit T, and compares it with the reference value Wth. In FIGS.
- the change width W of the orbital diameter is the origin position of the y-axis (for example, the axis related to the change of the second distance ⁇ 2) and the position on the positive side of the x-axis (for example, the axis related to the change of the first distance ⁇ 1). It is given as the change width (difference between the minimum value and the maximum value in the x-axis direction).
- the determination device 8 determines that the filling rate of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 116 is high when the change width W of the track diameter is equal to or less than the reference value Wth.
- the determination device 8 determines that the filling rate of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 116 is low when the change width W of the track diameter is larger than the reference value Wth. For example, from the viewpoint of crushing efficiency, it is better that the filling rate is high, so the determination device 8 determines that the case where the change width W of the track diameter is equal to or less than the reference value Wth is appropriate, and the change width W is the reference value Wth. If it is larger than that, it may be determined to be inappropriate.
- a first reference value Wth1 and a second reference value Wth2 larger than the first reference value Wth are provided as the reference value Wth, and the determination device 8 has a change width W of the track diameter from the first reference value Wth1.
- the second reference value Wth2 it may be determined that the filling rate of the crushed material is appropriate.
- the change width W of the track diameter is equal to or less than the first reference value Wth1
- the determination device 8 determines that the filling rate of the crushed material is too high and is inappropriate
- the change width W of the track diameter is If it is larger than the second reference value Wth2, it may be determined that it is inappropriate because the filling rate of the crushed material is low.
- three or more reference values Wth may be set so that the degree of filling rate can be determined step by step.
- the determination device 8 calculates the change width W of the track diameter at a plurality of places, and determines the uneven distribution state of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 116 from the difference between the plurality of change widths W1 to W4. You may.
- the change width W1 of the track diameter is given as the change width at the origin position on the x-axis and the position on the positive side of the y-axis.
- the change width W2 of the track diameter is given as the change width at the origin position on the y-axis and the position on the positive side of the x-axis.
- the change width W3 of the track diameter is given as the change width at the origin position on the x-axis and the position on the negative side of the y-axis.
- the change width W4 of the track diameter is given as the change width at the origin position on the y-axis and the position on the negative side of the x-axis.
- the determination device 8 calculates the deviation between each change width W1 to W4 and the reference value Wth.
- the determination device 8 may calculate the deviation from the other change widths by using one of the plurality of change widths W1 to W4 as a reference value.
- the determination device 8 determines that the crushed material is unevenly distributed in the crushing chamber 116.
- the change width W of the revolution orbit T in a predetermined time is estimated from the value that specifies the revolution orbit T with respect to the bearing structure 4 (upper bearing structure 133) of the shaft 2 (spindle 105).
- the coordinates (x, y) of the axis O2 are calculated based on the distances ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 between the shaft 2 and the bearing structure 4 obtained from the two directions in the radial direction.
- the change width W of the revolution orbit T obtained based on the coordinates of the axis O2 at a predetermined time is compared with the reference value Wth, whereby the state of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 116 (filling of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 116). The rate or the presence or absence of uneven distribution, etc.) is determined. Therefore, with the crushing state determination device 1 having the above configuration, the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber 116 can be determined without visual inspection during the operation of the rotary crusher 100.
- the storage device 9 may store the change width W or the deviation between the change width W and the reference value Wth in a time series at predetermined time intervals.
- the determination device 8 can output the progress of the state change of the crushed object in the crushing chamber 116 from the plurality of change widths W or deviations stored in the time series.
- the determination device 8 may create a graph of the change width W or the temporal change of the deviation. As a result, it is possible to grasp the progress of the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber 116 together with the determination result.
- the change width of the orbital diameter in the predetermined time of the orbit T is used as a parameter obtained from the orbit T, and the determination is made by comparing this with the reference value.
- the diameter itself may be used as a parameter and this may be compared with the reference value.
- the determination device 8 may compare the distance (maximum diameter) L between the two farthest points in the obtained revolution orbit T with the reference value Lth of the orbit diameter. In this case, as shown in FIG. 5A, the determination device 8 determines that the filling rate of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 116 is high when the maximum diameter L is the reference value Lth or more. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5B, the determination device 8 determines that the filling rate of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 116 is low when the maximum diameter L is smaller than the reference value Lth.
- the shaft behavior of the main shaft 105 The larger the maximum diameter L of the revolution orbit T, the lower the filling rate, and the smaller the maximum diameter L, the higher the filling rate. Therefore, the determination device 8 may be preset with a determination mode according to the axial behavior of the rotary crusher 100.
- the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber 116 can be easily determined. can do.
- the diameter of the revolution track T also changes due to wear of the shaft 2 or the bearing 3. That is, as the wear progresses, the diameter of the revolution orbit T increases on average. Therefore, it is also possible to determine the degree of wear of the shaft 2 or the bearing 3 by measuring the revolution orbit T for a predetermined period or longer and comparing the diameter of the revolution orbit T with the reference value.
- the determination device 8 may change the reference value Lth for determining the state of the crushing chamber 116 according to the degree of wear at that time. For example, the average orbital diameter of the revolution orbit T in a predetermined period is used as a reference value, and the determination device 8 determines the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber 116 by comparing the instantaneous value of the revolution orbit T with the reference value. You may. Further, the wear correction of the reference value may be performed each time by using the revolution orbit T when there is no load (operation in a state where the crushed object is not contained in the crushing chamber).
- the determination mode by the determination device 8 is not limited to the above two examples.
- the determination device 8 draws a Lissajous diagram as shown in FIG. 5 and performs image processing such as matching with the Lissajous diagram showing a reference range to change the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber 116. You may judge.
- the output device 10 may be configured as a display device that displays the determination result by the determination device 8.
- the output device 10 which is a display device has a mode of notifying appropriateness or improperness as a determination result, a mode of displaying a numerical value or a level of how much it deviates from the reference value when it is inappropriate, and a Lissajous diagram. Can be displayed in various modes such as a mode for displaying.
- the output device 10 may transmit data to a predetermined computer device via a communication network.
- the amount of the crushed material charged into the rotary crusher 100 may be controlled according to the state of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 116 obtained as the determination result in the determination device 8.
- the output device 10 may transmit a control command to a predetermined device on the upstream side of the rotary crusher 100.
- a transport device for transporting the crushed material may be provided on the upstream side of the rotary crusher 100.
- the transport device may change the transport speed according to the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber 116. That is, the transport device slows down the transport speed when the filling rate of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 116 is high, and when the filling rate is low or when the crushed material is unevenly distributed in the crushing chamber 116. , The transport speed may be increased.
- the transport device when the transport device is configured so that the charging position of the crushed material into the rotary crusher 100 can be adjusted, the transport device adjusts the charging position of the crushed material according to the uneven distribution of the crushed material. You may.
- the operation of the rotary crusher 100 may be controlled according to the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber 116 obtained as the determination result in the determination device 8.
- the output device 10 may transmit a control command to the control device (not shown) of the rotary crusher 100.
- the control device may change the gap (crushing gap) between the cone cave 114 and the mantle 113 according to the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber 116.
- the crushing gap can be adjusted, for example, by changing the vertical position of the spindle 105 (changing the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 130). That is, the control device may lower the spindle 105 to widen the crushing gap when the filling rate of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 116 is higher than expected, and narrow the crushing gap when the filling rate is low. good.
- control device may change the rotation speed (rotational speed) of the spindle 105 according to the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber 116.
- the determination result of the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber 116 obtained as described above is not only the above-mentioned various controls during the operation of the rotating crusher 100, but also the performance of the rotating crusher 100. It may be used for analysis.
- This analysis result can be used for changing the specifications of the rotary crusher 100 and developing a successor to the crusher 100. For example, it can be used for optimizing the charging position of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 116, the shape of the crushing chamber 116 (mantle 113 or cone cave 114), the inclination of the spindle 105 (eccentric throw), etc. based on the data of the determination result.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the crushed state determination device according to the first modification of the first embodiment is applied.
- the configuration of the crushed state determination device 1 other than the detector 7 is not shown.
- Other similar configurations are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the difference in FIG. 6 from the example of FIG. 2 is that the positional relationship between the first sensor 71B and the second sensor 72B is significant except that the angle ⁇ formed by the first line segment L1 and the second line segment L2 is 90 °. It has an angle ( ⁇ ⁇ 0 °).
- the Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the bearing structure 4 passes through the first position 41 where the first sensor 71 is located, and the positions of the virtual line L3 and the second sensor 72 orthogonal to the first line segment L1.
- the origin Oxy is the intersection with the virtual line (x-axis) that passes through the second position 42 and is orthogonal to the second line segment L2.
- the coordinates (x, y) in the Cartesian coordinate system of the axis O2 are (x, y) ⁇ ((r + ⁇ 1) / sin ⁇ ( It is represented by r + ⁇ 2) / tan ⁇ , r + ⁇ 2).
- the coordinates of the axis O2 can be represented in the Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the bearing structure 4. Therefore, as in the above embodiment, the orbit of the axis O2 can be obtained as the revolution orbit T.
- the two sensors 71 and 72 may not always be arranged orthogonally as shown in FIG. Even if there are restrictions on the installation of the sensors 71 and 72, it is possible to convert to the Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the bearing structure 4 using trigonometric functions as described above. It can be suitably applied.
- the two sensors 71 and 72 can be arranged orthogonally, by arranging them orthogonally, the coordinates of the axis O2 from the first distance ⁇ 1 and the second distance ⁇ 2 detected by the two sensors 71 and 72, respectively ( While improving the accuracy of calculating x, y), the amount of calculation can be reduced, and the processing load of the determination device 8 can be reduced.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the crushed state determination device according to the second modification of the first embodiment is applied.
- the configuration of the crushed state determination device 1 other than the first sensor 71 is not shown.
- a columnar extension member (first extension member) 12 coaxial with the shaft 2 and having a radius r12 sufficiently larger than ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 is attached to the end of the shaft 2. ..
- the sensors 71 and 72 are attached to the bearing structure 4 by attaching the first extension member 12.
- these sensors 71 and 72 can be arranged so as to face the first extension member 12 that moves integrally with the shaft 2. Thereby, the revolution orbit T of the shaft 2 can be easily obtained regardless of the shape of the shaft 2.
- the existing shaft is replaced with an existing shaft having a shaft length such that the end of the shaft 2 protrudes from the bearing 3. You may replace it with.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the crushed state determination device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IX-IX of the journal bearing mechanism shown in FIG.
- the same configurations as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the difference between the crushed state determination device 1B in the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the first sensor 71B and the second sensor 72B constituting the detector 7B are provided on the shaft 2 side, and further constitute the detector 7B.
- a third sensor 74 for detecting the phase is provided as a sensor to detect the phase. More specifically, the detector 7B is arranged at the first position 21 radially deviated from the center position O2 on the shaft 2 toward the first direction D1 facing the bearing structure 4.
- the 1 sensor 71B and the second sensor 72B arranged at the second position 22 at the end of the shaft 2 toward the second direction D2 which intersects the first direction D1 and faces the bearing structure 4. It includes a third sensor 74 that detects the phase due to the rotation of the shaft 2.
- the third sensor 74 is configured as a sensor that detects, for example, the amount of rotational displacement of the shaft 2.
- the third sensor 74 is configured by a rotary encoder or the like that detects the amount of rotational displacement of the spindle 105 in the rotary crusher 100 shown in FIG.
- the rotary encoder main body is attached to the bearing 3 side, and the rotary encoder main body and the shaft 2 are connected via a coupling provided with a flexible shaft.
- the value detected by the third sensor 74 is input to the determination device 8 via the bus 11.
- the bearing structure 4 includes a cylindrical extension member (second extension member) 13 extending axially from the bearing 3.
- the second extension member 13 is arranged coaxially with the center position O3 of the bearing structure 4.
- the axial length of the second extension member 13 is determined so that the two sensors 71B and 72B can face each other on the inner peripheral surface S4 of the second extension member 13.
- the first sensor 71B detects the first distance ⁇ 1 between the first position 21 and the inner peripheral surface S4 of the second extension member 13, and the second sensor 72B detects the second position 22 and the second extension member 13.
- the second distance ⁇ 2 between the inner peripheral surface S4 and the inner peripheral surface S4 is detected.
- the third sensor 74 detects the phase due to the rotation of the axis 2.
- the third sensor 74 detects the rotation angle ⁇ of the axis 2 with respect to the time when the first sensor 71B faces the ⁇ x direction (0 °).
- the rotation angle ⁇ is positive in the direction in which the first sensor 71B is in phase with respect to the second sensor 72B (clockwise in FIG. 8).
- the radius r of the shaft 2 is configured to be sufficiently larger than the first distance ⁇ 1 and the second distance ⁇ 2 detected by the two sensors 71B and 72B.
- the coordinates of the axis O2 can be similarly determined even when the two sensors 71B and 72B are not arranged orthogonally (in the case of the above modification 1). Therefore, even when the first and second sensors 71B and 72B are attached to the shaft 2 side as the detector 7B and the third sensor for detecting the phase of the rotation of the shaft 2 is attached, the revolution orbit T of the shaft 2 can be easily obtained. Can be obtained.
- the rotary crusher 100 can also be attached.
- the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber 116 can be determined without visual inspection during the operation.
- the configuration in which the second extension member 13 extending in the axial direction from the bearing 3 is provided is exemplified, but when the bearing structure 4 (for example, the structure 6) is long in the axial direction, the configuration is illustrated.
- the second extension member 13 may be omitted.
- the first sensor 71B detects the first distance ⁇ 1 between the first position 21 and the inner peripheral surface of the bearing structure 4 (structure 6) facing the first position 21, and the second sensor 72B detects the second distance ⁇ 1.
- the second distance ⁇ 2 between the position 22 and the inner peripheral surface of the bearing structure 4 facing the position 22 is detected.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the crushed state determination device according to the modified example of the second embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
- the center position of the bearing structure 4 in the coordinate system of the axis 2 can be calculated by using the Cartesian coordinate system (x', y') fixed to the axis O2 of the axis 2.
- the history of the change in the center position of the bearing structure 4 in the coordinate system of the shaft 2 (relative revolution trajectory T'of the bearing structure 4 as seen from the shaft 2) can be obtained.
- the diameter of the revolution orbit T can be estimated from the history of the change in the center position of the bearing structure 4 in the coordinate system of the axis 2.
- the coordinates of the axis O2 can be determined in the same manner. Therefore, even if the third sensor 74 that detects the phase of the shaft 2 with respect to the bearing structure 4 is not provided, the shaft 2 can be measured by attaching the first sensor 71B and the second sensor 72B to the shaft 2.
- the diameter of the revolving track T can be easily obtained from the relative revolving track T'of the bearing structure 4 seen from the above.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the crushed state determination device according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
- the same components as those in the second embodiment (FIG. 8) are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the difference between the crushed state determination device 1C in the present embodiment and the second embodiment is that the fourth sensor 73 provided on the shaft 2 as the detector 7C extends in the radial direction of the shaft 2 and accelerates in two different directions. Is detected, and the fifth sensor 75 is configured to detect the phase (rotation angle) ⁇ due to the rotation of the shaft 2.
- the fourth sensor 73 includes acceleration sensors in the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 orthogonal to the axial direction of the axis 2, and the fifth sensor 75 includes a phase sensor that detects the phase due to the rotation of the axis 2. ..
- the fifth sensor 75 is configured as, for example, a sensor that detects the amount of rotational displacement of the shaft 2.
- the fifth sensor 75 is configured by a rotary encoder or the like that detects the amount of rotational displacement of the spindle 105 in the rotary crusher 100 shown in FIG.
- the value detected by the fifth sensor 75 is input to the determination device 8 via the bus 11.
- the fourth sensor 73 detects the acceleration a1 in the first direction D1 and the acceleration a2 in the second direction D2, and the fifth sensor 75 fixes the shaft 2 at a predetermined position (for example, fixed to the bearing structure 4).
- the rotation angle ⁇ from the x-axis) in the Cartesian coordinate system is detected. That is, the detector 7C detects the acceleration and the phase of the shaft 2 as predetermined values regarding the orbit of the shaft 2 with respect to the bearing structure 4.
- the determination device 8 calculates the x-axis component and the y-axis component in the Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the bearing structure 4 of the acceleration a1 from the acceleration a1 and the rotation angle ⁇ in the first direction D1. Similarly, the determination device 8 calculates the x-axis component and the y-axis component of the acceleration a2 from the acceleration a2 in the second direction D2 and the rotation angle ⁇ .
- the determination device 8 calculates the acceleration of the x-axis component of the axis 2 by adding the x-axis component of the acceleration a1 in the first direction D1 and the x-axis component of the acceleration a2 in the second direction D2. Similarly, the y-axis component of the acceleration a1 in the first direction D1 and the y-axis component of the acceleration a2 in the second direction D2 are added to calculate the acceleration of the y-axis component of the axis 2.
- the determination device 8 calculates the magnitude and direction of the acceleration in the Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the axis 2 from the acceleration a1 in the first direction D1 and the acceleration a2 in the second direction D2, and calculates the magnitude and direction thereof. It may be converted into a Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the bearing structure 4.
- the determination device 8 integrates the obtained x-axis component and y-axis component of the axis 2 to calculate the positional displacement of the axis 2.
- the determination device 8 obtains the trajectory of the axis O2 as the revolution trajectory T by accumulating the position displacement thus obtained for a predetermined period. Similar to the first embodiment, the determination device 8 determines the state of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 116 by comparing the change width of the revolution orbit T with the reference value or the maximum diameter of the revolution orbit T at a predetermined time. ..
- the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber 116 can be determined without visual inspection during the operation of the rotary crusher 100.
- first direction D1 and the second direction D2 which are the acceleration detection directions, are orthogonal to each other, but it does not have to be orthogonal to each other as in the modification 1. ..
- the value for specifying the revolution orbit T in order to compare the revolution orbit T obtained from the detector 7 with the reference revolution orbit is not limited to the diameter as described above.
- the area of the revolution orbit T, the radius of curvature, or the like may be used as a value for specifying the revolution orbit T.
- the revolution orbit T may be approximated to a predetermined shape or line segment.
- the revolution orbit T may be approximated by curve fitting using regression analysis such as the least squares method.
- the revolution orbit T may be approximated by setting an approximate expression with the value detected by the detector 7 as a variable in advance and substituting the value detected by the detector 7 into the approximate expression.
- the configuration in which two sensors 71 and 72 are provided as the detector 7 has been described, but three or more sensors having different circumferential positions may be provided.
- three or more sensors it is possible to provide redundancy to a predetermined value detected by the sensor.
- the revolution orbit T can be obtained with high accuracy by arranging three or more sensors when the two sensors cannot be arranged orthogonally as in the above-mentioned modification 1.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- sensors 71B, 72B, 73 may be attached to the step portion.
- a step portion may be formed on the shaft 2 in order to attach the sensors 71B, 72B, 73.
- the sensors 71B, 72B, 73 may be embedded in the shaft 2.
- a columnar extension member (first extension member) 12 is provided at the upper end of the spindle 105, as in the modified example 2 (see FIG. 7).
- the first extension member 12 is arranged coaxially with the central axis (axis center) O2 of the main shaft 105.
- the detector 7 is provided with two sensors 71 and 72 facing the side surface S3 of the first extension member 12.
- only the first sensor 71 is shown.
- the second sensor 72 is arranged in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the first sensor 71. The two sensors 71 and 72 detect the distances from the positions of the sensors 71 and 72 to the side surface S3 of the extension member 12 as the first distance ⁇ 1 and the second distance ⁇ 2.
- the radius r12 (see FIG. 7) of the extension member 12 is configured to be sufficiently larger than the first distance ⁇ 1 and the second distance ⁇ 2 detected by the two sensors 71 and 72. Therefore, the coordinates (x, y) of the axis O2 in the upper bearing structure 133 including the upper bearing 117 are represented by (x, y) ⁇ (r12 + ⁇ 1, r12 + ⁇ 2).
- the upper end portion of the spindle 105 and the upper bearing 117 in the rotary crusher 100 are journal bearing mechanisms in which the spindle 105 revolves relative to the upper bearing 117. Therefore, the change width W or the maximum diameter L of the revolution orbit T in a predetermined time from the value for specifying the revolution orbit T with respect to the bearing structure 4 (upper bearing structure 133) of the shaft 2 (spindle 105) is a reference value (Wth or Lth). ), The state of the crushed material in the crushing chamber 116 can be determined without visual inspection.
- the modification 2 (example using the first extension member 12) in the first embodiment is shown, but as shown in the first embodiment (see FIG. 3), the spindle 105
- the first extension member 12 may be omitted.
- the two sensors 71 and 72 are not arranged orthogonally (in the case of the modification 1 in the first embodiment), the coordinates of the axis O2 can be similarly determined.
- the sensors 71 and 72 are provided on the shaft side (the above-described second embodiment and its modification) or when an acceleration sensor is used (the above-mentioned embodiment 3), the rotary crusher 100 is similarly used. Applicable.
- the rotary crusher 100 in which the spindle 105 is supported by the upper bearing 3 is exemplified, but even in the armless type rotary crusher that does not have the upper bearing 3, the crushing state determination device can be used. Applicable.
- FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of another example of a rotary crusher to which the crushing state determination device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied.
- the same components as those in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the rotary crusher 200 shown in FIG. 12 is configured as an armless type rotary crusher in which the spindle 105 does not have the upper bearing 3.
- the above-mentioned crushing state determination device can also be applied to such a rotary crusher 200.
- the crushed state determination device 1C FIG. 11
- the crushed state determination device 1C FIG. 11
- a fourth sensor 73 that detects accelerations in two different directions extending in the radial direction of the spindle 105 is provided at the upper end of the spindle 105.
- a fifth sensor 75 for detecting the phase due to the rotation of the spindle 105 is provided (see FIG. 11).
- the fourth sensor 73 and the fifth sensor 75 function as the detector 7C.
- the first sensor 71 and the second sensor 71 and the second sensor 71 and the second sensor 71 are located at positions facing the main shaft 105 in the frame side member (not shown) fixed to the upper frame 101.
- a sensor 72 may be provided (see FIGS. 2 and 6). Further, the first sensor 71 and the second sensor 72 may be provided on the main shaft 105 side to detect the distance from the frame side member (see FIGS. 8 and 10).
- the frame side member is not limited to the upper bearing structure 133 shown in the example of FIG. 1, and for example, the measurement support member fixed to the upper frame 101 in order to detect the first distance ⁇ 1 and the second distance ⁇ 2. May be.
- the frame-side member may be directly supported by the frame including the upper frame 101, or may be indirectly supported by the frame including the upper frame 101 via a connecting member such as the spider 118 shown in FIG. good.
- the crushing state determination device (1) is a crushing state determination device (1) for determining the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber (116) of the rotary crusher (100,200).
- the rotary crusher (100,200) includes a main shaft (105), a mantle (113) fixed to the main shaft (105), a frame (101), and the mantle (113).
- the main shaft (105) is provided with a cone cave (114) fixed to the frame (101) so as to face the mantle and form a crushing chamber (116) with the mantle (113).
- the crushed state determination device (1) is configured to crush the crushed material introduced into (116), and the crushed state determination device (1) determines the state of the crushed material in the crushing chamber (116).
- the determination device (8) obtains a predetermined value regarding the revolution trajectory of the spindle (105) with respect to the central axis of the cone cave (114), and is obtained from the revolution trajectory estimated from the predetermined value.
- the state of the crushed material in the crushing chamber (116) is determined by comparing a predetermined parameter with a reference value.
- the revolution orbit is estimated from the value that specifies the revolution orbit of the main axis (105) with respect to the central axis of the cone cave (114).
- the state of the crushed material in the crushing chamber (116) by comparing the predetermined parameters obtained from the estimated revolution orbit with the reference value (the filling rate of the crushed material in the crushing chamber (116) or the presence or absence of uneven distribution, etc.) ) Is determined. Therefore, the crushing state determination device (1) having the above configuration can determine the state in the crushing chamber (116) without visual inspection.
- the crushing state determination device (1) includes a storage device (9) that stores a predetermined value related to the revolution orbit in a time series at predetermined time intervals, and the determination device (8) is stored in the time series.
- the progress of the crushing state change may be output from a plurality of the predetermined values. According to the above configuration, it is possible to grasp the progress of the state change of the crushed object in the crushing chamber (116) together with the determination result.
- the crushing state determination device (1) is at least one of a frame side member (4) supported by the frame (101) so as to be located at a position facing the main shaft (105) and the main shaft (105).
- a detector (7,7B, 7C) attached to one of them may be provided to detect a predetermined value regarding the orbit of revolution of the spindle (101) with respect to the central axis of the cone cave (114).
- the frame side member (4) may be an upper bearing structure including an upper bearing (3) that rotatably supports the upper end portion of the spindle (105).
- the detector (7,7B) may be configured to detect the distance between the spindle (105) and the frame-side member (4) at two or more locations different in the circumferential direction.
- the detector (7) is a first sensor (71) arranged at a first position of the frame side member (4) so as to face the main shaft (105), and the frame side member (4).
- a second sensor (72) arranged so as to face the main shaft (105) is provided at a second position different from the first position, and the first sensor (71) is provided with the first position.
- the first sensor (72) may detect the first distance between the spindle (105) and the second sensor (72) may detect the second distance between the second position and the spindle (105).
- the detector (7B) has a first sensor (71B) arranged at a first position on the main shaft (105) in a first direction facing the frame side member (4), and the main shaft.
- the second position in (105) includes a second sensor (72B) that intersects the first direction and is arranged toward the second direction so as to face the frame side member (4).
- the first sensor (71B) detects the first distance between the first position and the frame side member (4)
- the second sensor (72B) detects the second position and the frame side member (4).
- the second distance to and from 4) may be detected.
- the center position of the frame side member (4) seen from the center of the main shaft (105). can be calculated, and the diameter of the orbit can be estimated by accumulating the center position data.
- the detector (7B) may include a third sensor (74) for detecting the phase due to the rotation of the spindle.
- the phase due to the rotation of the main shaft (105) is also detected, so that the main shaft (105) obtained by detecting the first distance and the second distance is also detected.
- the influence of the rotation of the spindle (105) can be canceled in advance. Therefore, it is not necessary to take a long detection time for the first distance and the second distance in order to cancel the influence of the rotation of the spindle (105), and the time for obtaining the revolution orbit can be shortened.
- the determination device (8) calculates the coordinates of the center position of the main shaft (105) from the distance between the main shaft (105) and the frame side member (4) at the two or more places, and the main shaft (8). By accumulating the coordinates of the center position of (105) for a predetermined period, the orbit of the center position of the main axis (105) is obtained as the revolution orbit, and the distance between the two farthest points in the obtained revolution orbit is the orbit. By calculating as a diameter and comparing the calculated orbital diameter with a reference value, the state of the crushed material in the crushing chamber (116) can be determined.
- the coordinates of the center position of the spindle (105) are calculated based on the distance between the spindle (105) and the frame side member (4) obtained from the two directions in the radial direction.
- the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber (116) can be easily determined by comparing using the distance between the two farthest points in the orbit that is obtained based on the coordinates of the center position of the main axis (105). be able to.
- the determination device (8) may determine that the filling rate of the crushed material in the crushing chamber (116) is low when the change width of the orbital diameter in the predetermined time of the revolution orbit is larger than the reference value.
- the determination device (8) calculates the change width of the orbital diameter in a predetermined time of the revolution orbit at a plurality of places of the revolution orbit, and the crushed material in the crushing chamber (116) is calculated from the difference between the plurality of change widths. You may determine the uneven distribution situation of.
- the crushed material is unevenly distributed at the plurality of locations in the crushing chamber (116). The situation can be determined.
- the detector (7C) includes a fourth sensor (73) attached to the main shaft (105) and a fifth sensor (75) for detecting a phase due to rotation of the main shaft (105).
- the four sensors (73) may detect accelerations in two different directions extending in the radial direction of the spindle (105).
- the crushing state determination method is a crushing state determination method for determining the state of the crushed object in the crushing chamber (116) of the rotary crusher (100,200).
- the rotary crusher (100,200) faces the main shaft (105), the mantle (113) fixed to the main shaft (105), the frame (101), and the mantle (113).
- a cone cave (114) fixed to the frame (101) so as to be arranged and forming a crushing chamber (116) with the mantle (113), and the central axis of the main shaft (105) is the said.
- the crushing chamber (116) formed between the cone cave (114) and the mantle (113) by the eccentric turning motion in which the main axis (105) rotates in a state of being inclined with respect to the central axis of the cone cave (114). It is configured to crush the introduced crushed material, and the crushing state determination method obtains a predetermined value regarding the revolution orbit of the main shaft (105) with respect to the central axis of the cone cave (114), and the predetermined value.
- the state of the crushed material in the crushing chamber (116) is determined by comparing a predetermined parameter obtained from the revolution orbit estimated from the above with a reference value.
- 1 Crushing state judgment device 2 axes (spindle) 3 Bearing (upper bearing) 4 Bearing structure (upper bearing structure, frame side member) 7,7B, 7C Detector 8 Judgment device 71,71B 1st sensor (displacement sensor) 72,72B 2nd sensor (displacement sensor) 73 Fourth sensor (acceleration / phase sensor) 74 3rd sensor 75 5th sensor 100,200 Rotating crusher 101 Upper frame (frame) 105 Spindle 113 Mantle 114 Cone Cave 115 Lower Bearing 116 Crushing Chamber 117 Upper Bearing 133 Upper Bearing Structure
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Abstract
Description
以下、本開示の実施の形態における破砕状態判定装置が適用される旋動式破砕機について例示する。図1は、本開示の一実施の形態における破砕状態判定装置が適用された旋動式破砕機の一例の全体構成を示す縦断面図である。
図2は、本開示の実施の形態1に係る破砕状態判定装置が適用されたジャーナル軸受機構を示す概略構成図である。図3は、図2に示すジャーナル軸受機構のIII-III断面図である。本実施の形態において、破砕状態判定装置1はジャーナル軸受機構5における軸2の公転軌道から破砕室116内の被破砕物の状態(破砕状態)を検知するように構成されている。ジャーナル軸受機構5は、軸2と、当該軸2の径方向の荷重を支えるすべり軸受(以下、単に軸受と称する)3を含む軸受構造体4とを備えている。なお、本明細書および特許請求の範囲において、軸受構造体4は、軸受3と、軸受3と一体的に構成される(軸受3に対して軸線回り相対回転不能に構成される)構造体6とを含んだ概念として定義される。
図5Aから図5Cは、図4に示すグラフから得られた公転軌道を示すグラフである。図5Aから図5Cのそれぞれの左側に示すグラフは、互いに交差する第1距離δ1および第2距離δ2の軌跡を合成して得られるリサージュ線図である。図5Aから図5Cのそれぞれの右側に示す図は、左側のグラフから判定される破砕室116の状態を模式的に示す図である。図5おAよび図5Bに示すように、本実施の形態において得られる公転軌道Tは、通常、円形状の軌道となる。
上記例では、公転軌道Tの所定時間における軌道径の変化幅を公転軌道Tから得られるパラメータとして用い、これを基準値と比較することにより判定したが、これに代えて、公転軌道Tの軌道径自体をパラメータとして用い、これを基準値と比較してもよい。
上記実施の形態では、第1センサ71と第2センサ72とが直交する向きに配置される態様について説明したが、これに限られない。図6は、実施の形態1の変形例1に係る破砕状態判定装置が適用されたジャーナル軸受機構を示す概略構成図である。図6においては破砕状態判定装置1のうち、検出器7(第1センサ71および第2センサ72)以外の構成については図示を省略している。その他の同様の構成については同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。
図7は、実施の形態1の変形例2に係る破砕状態判定装置が適用されたジャーナル軸受機構を示す断面図である。図7においては破砕状態判定装置1のうち、第1センサ71以外の構成については図示を省略している。
次に、本開示の実施の形態2について説明する。図8は、本開示の実施の形態2に係る破砕状態判定装置が適用されたジャーナル軸受機構を示す概略構成図である。図9は、図8に示すジャーナル軸受機構のIX-IX断面図である。図8および図9において実施の形態1と同様の構成については同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。
上記実施の形態では、第1センサ71B、第2センサ72Bおよび第3センサ74を備えた構成について説明したが、第3センサ74を備えていなくてもよい。図10は、本開示の実施の形態2の変形例に係る破砕状態判定装置が適用されたジャーナル軸受機構を示す概略構成図である。
次に、本開示の実施の形態3について説明する。図11は、本開示の実施の形態3に係る破砕状態判定装置が適用されたジャーナル軸受機構を示す概略構成図である。図11において実施の形態2(図8)と同様の構成については同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する。
以上、本開示の実施の形態1から3およびその変形例について説明したが、本開示は上記実施の形態およびその変形例に限定されるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲内で種々の改良、変更、修正が可能である。例えば、上記実施の形態1から3および対応する各変形例のうちの少なくとも2つを適宜組み合わせてもよい。
以下、改めて図1に示す旋動式破砕機100における破砕状態判定装置1への適用について説明する。上記各実施の形態および各変形例における軸2および軸受3が破砕機100の主軸5および上部軸受117に相当する。このため、上記実施の形態および変形例における破砕状態判定装置1を破砕機100に好適に適用可能である。
本開示の一態様に係る破砕状態判定装置(1)は、旋動式破砕機(100,200)の破砕室(116)内における被破砕物の状態を判定するための破砕状態判定装置(1)であって、前記旋動式破砕機(100,200)は、主軸(105)と、前記主軸(105)に固定されたマントル(113)と、フレーム(101)と、前記マントル(113)と対峙するように配置されるように前記フレーム(101)に固定され、前記マントル(113)との間に破砕室(116)を形成するコーンケーブ(114)と、を備え、前記主軸(105)の中心軸線が前記コーンケーブ(114)の中心軸線に対して傾斜した状態で前記主軸(105)が回転する偏心旋回運動によって前記コーンケーブ(114)とマントル(113)との間に形成される破砕室(116)内に導入された被破砕物を破砕するように構成され、前記破砕状態判定装置(1)は、前記破砕室(116)内における被破砕物の状態を判定する判定器(8)を備え、前記判定器(8)は、前記主軸(105)の前記コーンケーブ(114)の中心軸線に対する公転軌道に関する所定の値を取得し、前記所定の値から推定される前記公転軌道から得られる所定のパラメータを基準値と比較することにより前記破砕室(116)内における被破砕物の状態を判定する。
2 軸(主軸)
3 軸受(上部軸受)
4 軸受構造体(上部軸受構造体、フレーム側部材)
7,7B,7C 検出器
8 判定器
71,71B 第1センサ (変位センサ)
72,72B 第2センサ (変位センサ)
73 第4センサ (加速度・位相センサ)
74 第3センサ
75 第5センサ
100,200 旋動式破砕機
101 上部フレーム(フレーム)
105 主軸
113 マントル
114 コーンケーブ
115 下部軸受
116 破砕室
117 上部軸受
133 上部軸受構造体
Claims (13)
- 旋動式破砕機の破砕室内における被破砕物の状態を判定するための破砕状態判定装置であって、
前記旋動式破砕機は、
主軸と、
前記主軸に固定されたマントルと、
フレームと、
前記マントルと対峙するように配置されるように前記フレームに固定され、前記マントルとの間に破砕室を形成するコーンケーブと、を備え、
前記主軸の中心軸線が前記コーンケーブの中心軸線に対して傾斜した状態で前記主軸が回転する偏心旋回運動によって前記コーンケーブとマントルとの間に形成される前記破砕室内に導入された被破砕物を破砕するように構成され、
前記破砕状態判定装置は、前記破砕室内における被破砕物の状態を判定する判定器を備え、
前記判定器は、
前記主軸の前記コーンケーブの中心軸線に対する公転軌道に関する所定の値を取得し、
前記所定の値から推定される前記公転軌道から得られる所定のパラメータを基準値と比較することにより前記破砕室内における被破砕物の状態を判定する、破砕状態判定装置。 - 前記公転軌道に関する所定の値を所定時間ごとに時系列に記憶する記憶器を備え、
前記判定器は、前記時系列に記憶された複数の前記所定の値から破砕状態変化の経過を出力する、請求項1に記載の破砕状態判定装置。 - 前記主軸および前記主軸に対向する位置に位置するように前記フレームに支持されたフレーム側部材のうちの少なくとも何れか一方に取り付けられ、前記主軸の前記コーンケーブの中心軸線に対する公転軌道に関する所定の値を検出する検出器を備えた、請求項1または2に記載の破砕状態判定装置。
- 前記フレーム側部材は、前記主軸の上端部を回転自在に支持する上部軸受を含む上部軸受構造体である、請求項3に記載の破砕状態判定装置。
- 前記検出器は、前記主軸と前記フレーム側部材との間の距離を周方向に異なる2箇所以上で検出するよう構成されている、請求項3または4に記載の破砕状態判定装置。
- 前記検出器は、前記フレーム側部材の第1位置に、前記主軸に対向するように配置される第1センサと、前記フレーム側部材の前記第1位置とは異なる第2位置に、前記主軸に対向するように配置される第2センサと、を備え、
前記第1センサは、前記第1位置と前記主軸との間の第1距離を検出し、
前記第2センサは、前記第2位置と前記主軸との間の第2距離を検出する、請求項5に記載の破砕状態判定装置。 - 前記検出器は、前記主軸における第1位置に、前記フレーム側部材に対向するような第1方向に向けて配置される第1センサと、前記主軸における第2位置に、前記第1方向に交差し、前記フレーム側部材に対向するような第2方向に向けて配置される第2センサと、を備え、
前記第1センサは、前記第1位置と前記フレーム側部材との間の第1距離を検出し、
前記第2センサは、前記第2位置と前記フレーム側部材との間の第2距離を検出する、請求項5に記載の破砕状態判定装置。 - 前記検出器は、前記主軸の自転による位相を検出する第3センサを備えている、請求項7に記載の破砕状態判定装置。
- 前記判定器は、前記2箇所以上の箇所における前記主軸と前記フレーム側部材との間の距離から前記主軸の中心位置の座標を算出し、前記主軸の中心位置の座標を所定の期間蓄積することにより前記主軸の中心位置の軌道を前記公転軌道として求め、得られた前記公転軌道において最も離れた2点間の距離を軌道径として算出し、算出された軌道径を基準値と比較することにより、前記破砕室における被破砕物の状態を判定する、請求項5から8の何れかに記載の破砕状態判定装置。
- 前記判定器は、前記公転軌道の所定時間における軌道径の変化幅が基準値より大きい場合に、前記破砕室における被破砕物の充填率が低いと判定する、請求項1から9の何れかに記載の破砕状態判定装置。
- 前記判定器は、前記公転軌道の所定時間における軌道径の変化幅を、前記公転軌道の複数個所において算出し、複数の変化幅同士の差から前記破砕室における被破砕物の偏在状況を判定する、請求項1から10の何れかに記載の破砕状態判定装置。
- 前記検出器は、
前記主軸に取り付けられた第4センサと、
前記主軸の自転による位相を検出する第5センサと、を備え、
前記第4センサは、前記主軸の径方向に伸びる、互いに異なる2つの方向の加速度を検出する、請求項4または5に記載の破砕状態判定装置。 - 旋動式破砕機の破砕室内における被破砕物の状態を判定するための破砕状態判定方法であって、
前記旋動式破砕機は、
主軸と、
前記主軸に固定されたマントルと、
フレームと、
前記マントルと対峙するように配置されるように前記フレームに固定され、前記マントルとの間に破砕室を形成するコーンケーブと、を備え、
前記主軸の中心軸線が前記コーンケーブの中心軸線に対して傾斜した状態で前記主軸が回転する偏心旋回運動によって前記コーンケーブとマントルとの間に形成される前記破砕室内に導入された被破砕物を破砕するように構成され、
前記破砕状態判定方法は、
前記主軸の前記コーンケーブの中心軸線に対する公転軌道に関する所定の値を取得し、
前記所定の値から推定される前記公転軌道から得られる所定のパラメータを基準値と比較することにより前記破砕室内における被破砕物の状態を判定する、破砕状態判定方法。
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JPH04322750A (ja) * | 1991-04-23 | 1992-11-12 | Ube Ind Ltd | クラッシャ |
US20090008486A1 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-08 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Measuring instrument for gyratory crusher and method of indicating the functioning of such a crusher |
US20140103150A1 (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2014-04-17 | Sandvik Intellectual Property Ab | Method for emptying an inertia cone crusher |
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JP2021104483A (ja) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-07-26 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 摩耗検知装置 |
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