WO2021248920A1 - 一种单双层可变式房车 - Google Patents

一种单双层可变式房车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021248920A1
WO2021248920A1 PCT/CN2021/074147 CN2021074147W WO2021248920A1 WO 2021248920 A1 WO2021248920 A1 WO 2021248920A1 CN 2021074147 W CN2021074147 W CN 2021074147W WO 2021248920 A1 WO2021248920 A1 WO 2021248920A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
hydraulic
valve
double
cylinder
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PCT/CN2021/074147
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王志春
柳静
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王志春
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Publication of WO2021248920A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021248920A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P3/00—Vehicles adapted to transport, to carry or to comprise special loads or objects
    • B60P3/32—Vehicles adapted to transport, to carry or to comprise special loads or objects comprising living accommodation for people, e.g. caravans, camping, or like vehicles
    • B60P3/34—Vehicles adapted to transport, to carry or to comprise special loads or objects comprising living accommodation for people, e.g. caravans, camping, or like vehicles the living accommodation being expansible, collapsible or capable of rearrangement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of motor homes, in particular to a single-deck variable motor home.
  • the RV has the two functions of "house” and "car". It is a mobile vehicle with basic facilities necessary for home use. Its "car” function is reflected when driving; while the function of "house” is shown in the passenger's comprehensive experience of the RV, especially the feeling that the RV can be used for living, entertainment, and rest space.
  • the existing caravans whether they are towed caravans or integral self-propelled caravans, generally have a single-layer structure.
  • the space available for this type of luxury RV is still relatively small in sojourner life.
  • the problem of passenger sleeping and rest beds or insufficient sleeping and rest space is particularly obvious; most RVs have smaller bodies, so for so journeyner life
  • the available space in the medium is narrower, and the low height gives people a sense of depression, which cannot meet the needs of multi-person living.
  • RVs There are also individual double-deck RVs, folding RVs, and expandable RVs. These RVs increase a certain amount of use area or space, but there are safety hazards to a certain extent, the operation is relatively complicated, and the contraction and expansion of the body is time-consuming and labor-intensive. , Reliability and stability are poor, which brings a lot of inconvenience and bad experience to the living life.
  • the box body is fixed on the car chassis, the shell cover is arranged on the box body, and the shell cover and the box body are balanced by a power telescopic shaft system and a guide
  • the mechanism is connected, the shell cover, the top plate and the upper skirt of the box body together form the upper movable space; the power telescopic shaft system is used to support and close the shell cover; the guiding balance mechanism is installed between the shell cover and the box body to maintain The shell cover can run smoothly during the supporting and folding process; the sealing structure is arranged between the shell cover and the box body; the locking and snapping mechanism is installed on the box body and the side wall of the shell cover.
  • This kind of RV is added with a supportable and foldable shell cover on the body.
  • the shell cover is raised to become a double layer.
  • the shell cover is slightly larger than the body.
  • the lifting and retraction process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the structure of the shell cover is complicated.
  • Various matching problems between the shell cover and the car body need to be considered. More reliability problems may occur.
  • the invention discloses a single and double-layer variable RV, and aims to provide a RV with relatively low cost, reliable system and large space required for sojourner life.
  • a single and double-decker variable RV includes a conventional car, and is characterized in that it also includes an upper car provided above the conventional car, the upper car uses the top plate of the conventional car as a bottom plate, and the upper car includes The top cover, the top cover side skirts, the upper skirt of the bottom plate, the lower skirt of the top cover and the foldable side skirts, the top cover and the top cover side skirts are fixedly connected to form a shape matching the conventional car top panel and can cover the
  • the upper skirt of the bottom plate is fixedly connected to the side of the bottom plate
  • the lower skirt of the top cover is located on the inner side of the top cover side skirt and is fixedly connected to the side of the top cover
  • the upper skirt of the bottom plate and the lower skirt of the top cover are connected by the foldable side wall;
  • the RV is also provided with a single-deck conversion system, which includes a number of vertically arranged lifting support devices.
  • the lifting support devices are at least composed of a main body and a lifting column and are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the RV body.
  • the side frame of the conventional compartment is fixedly connected, the lower end of the main body is connected with the underframe of the conventional compartment, the upper end of the main body is connected with the top plate of the conventional compartment, and the lifting column is telescopically inserted into the inside of the main body ,
  • the upper end of the lifting column is connected with the top cover of the upper compartment, and the main body has an extension section protruding from the bottom plate of the upper compartment.
  • the stability of the lifting column is provided with a single-deck conversion system, which includes a number of vertically arranged lifting support devices.
  • the lifting support devices are at least composed of a main body and a lifting column and are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the RV body.
  • the side frame of the conventional compartment is fixedly connected
  • the top cover of the upper compartment is raised by the lifting column of the lifting support device, and the foldable side walls are unfolded, so that the upper compartment becomes a living space highly suitable for passengers to live in. , Transformed into a double-decker RV.
  • the lifting column of the lifting support device shrinks and lowers, so that the top cover of the upper car is lowered to the lowest point.
  • the distance between the top cover and the top plate of the conventional car is the height of the main body extension, which can be folded
  • the side skirt is folded into the side skirt of the top cover when the top cover is lowered, and the side skirt of the top cover covers the top plate of the conventional car and the upper part of the side wall of the conventional car from the outside.
  • the weight of the upper compartment of the present invention is smaller than the proportion of the whole vehicle, accounting for about 5% of the whole vehicle.
  • the upper compartment has less consumables, lower cost and good economy, and the upper compartment has a greater impact on the center of gravity of the whole vehicle. Small size and good stability. Because the upper carriage has a small quality, the control of the carriage expansion and contraction is also more convenient, which can save time and energy.
  • the upper carriage descends to become a single-story RV, which can drive and park like a conventional RV.
  • the top plate of the conventional carriage of the present invention is provided with a stair opening, and a hidden elevator staircase is arranged at the stair opening to facilitate the passage between the conventional carriage and the upper carriage after being raised.
  • the interior of the conventional compartment is hidden between the roof of the conventional compartment and the roof of the upper compartment.
  • the side skirt of the top cover of the present invention is a rain-proof and ventilated louver structure, which can improve the wind resistance when the RV is in a double-layer form.
  • the outer side of the foldable side panel of the present invention is stitched or glued with canvas or Oxford cloth or other foldable materials, and the inner side of the foldable side panel is stitched with an interior layer made of leather or cloth or other foldable materials. Or it is formed by bonding, and the foldable thermal insulation material can be filled between the outer side and the inner side of the foldable side wall.
  • the side wall not only achieves the folding purpose, but also has light weight and heat preservation ability.
  • the foldable side wall of the present invention is provided with a plurality of windows, and foldable flexible transparent windows, such as plastic cloth, are installed in the windows, which not only protects the light in the upper compartment, but also allows observation of the outside of the vehicle.
  • An anti-collision pad is provided on the inner side of the side skirt of the upper compartment roof of the present invention to prevent collision and friction between the roof side skirt of the upper compartment and the side wall of the conventional compartment when the upper compartment descends into a single-layer touring car, thereby damaging the car body , And has good airtightness.
  • the lower part of the upper compartment of the present invention is installed close to the inner side of the skirt on the bottom plate with vertical folding guardrails.
  • the folding guardrails are distributed around the edges of the upper compartment. After the upper compartment is raised, the folding guardrail is opened to form a height For the 600-800mm guardrail, before the RV becomes a single layer, the folding guardrail is folded into a linear shape, placed on the periphery of the upper carriage, and hidden between the top cover of the upper carriage and the top plate of the conventional carriage.
  • the roof of the present invention is provided with a skylight, and solar panels can be installed on the upper surface of the roof.
  • the lifting support device of the present invention is a hydraulic device, the main body is a cylinder tube of a hydraulic cylinder, and the lifting column is a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the single-deck conversion system of the present invention also includes a petrol station control system for controlling the lifting and lowering of the lifting column of the lifting support device.
  • the oil station control system of the present invention includes an oil station integrated module and a shunt collecting and fall prevention module.
  • the oil station integrated module includes an oil tank and an automatic control oil circuit.
  • the start end of the automatic control oil circuit is connected to the oil tank, including automatic
  • the first coarse filter, the oil pump with the motor, the first one-way valve, the first overflow valve, the fine filter with the differential pressure gauge in parallel, and the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversal valve are arranged in order from the beginning to the end of the control oil circuit , And connecting the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve with the oil cylinder up oil pipe and the oil cylinder down oil pipe.
  • the downward oil pipe is connected to the upper oil cavity of the hydraulic oil cylinder through the flow dividing and collecting anti-dropping module, and the hydraulic oil in the lower oil cavity of each hydraulic oil cylinder and the upper oil cavity of each hydraulic oil cylinder is equal to each other through the dividing and collecting anti-dropping module Inflow or outflow, the automatic control oil circuit is also connected with an accumulator, and the accumulator is used for system energy storage and overcomes oil circuit pulsation and water hammer.
  • the current dividing and collecting module of the present invention includes an upstream dividing and collecting anti-dropping module and a downstream dividing and collecting module.
  • the upstream dividing and collecting anti-dropping module communicates with the upper oil pipe of the oil cylinder and the lower oil cavity of the hydraulic oil cylinder.
  • the downward flow dividing and collecting module connects the downward oil pipe of the oil cylinder and the upper oil cavity of the hydraulic oil cylinder, and the pipeline of the upward flow dividing and collecting anti-dropping module and the lower oil cavity of each hydraulic oil cylinder is provided with a parallel connection
  • the second check valve for oil intake and the second overflow valve for oil return are also provided with an oil pressure sensor connected to a PLC controller that is connected to the motor of the oil pump, the second check valve and the second The combination of the relief valve can achieve the purpose of preventing falling.
  • the hydraulic oil enters the lower oil chamber of the hydraulic oil cylinder from the upper oil pipe of the oil cylinder through the second one-way valve, so that the piston rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder is stable
  • the hydraulic oil in the lower oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder needs to be returned to the oil tank.
  • the opening pressure of the overflow valve is preset according to the system pressure, and the system pressure keeps supporting the load during the oil return process. Because the oil return needs to pass through the second overflow valve, when the oil circuit of the integrated module of the oil station leaks, the oil pressure in the hydraulic cylinder can be ensured to prevent the upper carriage from falling or rising or falling abnormally.
  • the automatic control oil circuit between the fine filter and the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve of the present invention is sequentially provided with a first stop valve and a first hydraulic control one-way valve, and the upward oil pipe of the oil cylinder is provided with A second hydraulic control check valve, a third hydraulic control check valve is provided on the downward oil pipe of the oil cylinder, and a first branch is connected to the oil path between the first stop valve and the first hydraulic control check valve, The first branch is provided with a two-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve for controlling the opening and closing of the first hydraulic control check valve, the second hydraulic control check valve and the third hydraulic control check valve.
  • the two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve is energized.
  • the hydraulic oil enters the two-position three-way electromagnetic directional valve through the first branch to make the first, second and third
  • the hydraulic control check valve is opened, and the hydraulic oil flows into the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve through the first hydraulic control one-way valve.
  • the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve is energized as a parallel channel, and the hydraulic oil enters the upper oil pipe of the cylinder.
  • the hydraulic oil in the upper oil cavity of the hydraulic cylinder flows into the lower oil chamber of each hydraulic cylinder after being divided by the flow dividing and collecting module.
  • the automatic control oil circuit between the fine filter and the first stop valve of the present invention is connected to a second branch, and the accumulator is arranged on the second branch.
  • the end of the second branch of the present invention is connected with a first three-position four-way manual reversing valve as a manual control oil circuit, and the two oil ports of the first three-position four-way manual reversing valve are respectively connected to the The upward oil pipe of the oil cylinder and the downward oil pipe of the oil cylinder.
  • the manual control oil circuit is used when the two-position three-way electromagnetic reversal valve and/or the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversal valve fail, manually switch the channel of the first three-position four-way manual reversing valve, and turn on the motor of the oil pump to complete each hydraulic pressure Lifting of the piston rod of the oil cylinder.
  • the oil station integrated module of the present invention also includes a hand pump control oil circuit, the beginning of the hand pump control oil circuit is connected to the oil tank, and the hand pump control oil circuit is provided with a hand pump and the second and third positions.
  • Four-way manual reversing valve the two oil ports of the second three-position four-way reversing valve are respectively connected to the upward oil pipe of the oil cylinder and the downward oil pipe of the oil cylinder.
  • the hand pump control oil circuit can be backed up when both the automatic control oil circuit and the manual control oil circuit fail.
  • the system is pressurized by the hand pump, and the channel of the second, three-position, four-way manual reversing valve is manually switched to control each hydraulic oil cylinder Lifting of the piston rod.
  • the foldable side panels of the upper compartment of the motorhome of the present invention are expanded or folded through the conversion of the lifting support device to complete the switching between single and double layers.
  • the upper compartment When the upper compartment is unfolded, it is the premise of providing passengers with comfortable and relaxed living, entertainment and rest space Bottom, less consumables, low cost, strong economical and practicality, the upper carriage is of low quality, which makes the double-deck RV stable, and the operation of shrinking and unfolding when the single double-layer is changed is more time-saving and labor-saving.
  • After the upper carriage is contracted The RV is transformed into a single-story state, which does not affect the driving control and normal parking of the vehicle.
  • the extension of the main body of the lifting support device provides a more solid foundation for the lifting column, preventing the root of the lifting column from bending and deforming, and also guarantees the roof of the conventional car
  • the height between the upper compartment and the top cover of the upper compartment becomes the storage space for the items in the upper compartment and the folded items.
  • the lifting support device of the present invention is integrated with the side frame of the conventional compartment, which effectively guarantees the stability of the lifting support device .
  • the concealed elevator stair of the present invention facilitates the passage between the conventional carriage and the upper carriage.
  • the side skirt of the top cover of the present invention is a rain-proof and ventilated louver structure, which has a strong ability to engage in wind in the form of a double-deck RV.
  • the foldable side wall of the present invention is composed of an inner layer and an outer layer. It is made of cloth or leather and other foldable materials, which is light in weight and can be filled with heat preservation materials, which not only achieves the purpose of protection but also has the effect of heat preservation.
  • the foldable side wall of the present invention is provided with transparent windows, so that when the upper compartment is unfolded, it has good light and outside vision, and meets the needs of passengers for sightseeing in the car.
  • the anti-collision pad on the inner side of the side skirt edge of the top cover of the upper compartment of the present invention can avoid damage to the car body during the conversion between single and double layers, and at the same time enhance the sealing performance.
  • the upper compartment of the present invention is provided with a folding guardrail, which improves the protective effect of the upper compartment.
  • the present invention uses hydraulic cylinders as the lift control device for the upper compartment, which has good lift control stability, and the present invention has the function of preventing falling and falling.
  • the top cover of the upper compartment leaks in the oil station control system In the case of circumstance, prevent the top cover of the upper compartment from falling or rising, and ensure the safety during the expansion and contraction of the upper compartment.
  • the lifting support device of the present invention has three control modes: automatic, manual and hand pump control.
  • the triple guarantee realizes the purpose of single-deck switching during the journey of the RV, and can reduce the trouble caused by the lifting failure of the upper compartment of the RV during the journey. Ensure that the upper carriage can be used normally.
  • the present invention demonstrates the advantages of "small car body, large space” through the transformation of single and double-deck carriages.
  • the small single-layer car body can be shrunk when driving, and can be expanded into a double-deck large space RV when parking. It integrates better with the functions of the car.
  • the recreational vehicle of the present invention can be applied to various recreational vehicles, such as an integral bicycle or a trailer-mounted recreational vehicle.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-layer and double-layer variable RV in the first embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the single-deck and double-deck variable RV in the first embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the bottom plate of the upper carriage in the first embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of the inside of the top cover of the upper carriage in the first embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the oil station control system of the lifting support device of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view of the integrated module of the oil station in Figure 5;
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the flow dividing and collecting anti-falling module and the hydraulic oil cylinder group in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the single-deck and double-deck variable RV in the second embodiment when it is in a double-deck form;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the single-deck variable motorhome in the third embodiment when it is in a double-deck form.
  • the single and double-decker variable RV in this embodiment is an integral self-propelled RV, including a conventional car 1, and an upper car that is arranged above the conventional car 1, so
  • the upper compartment uses the top plate of the conventional compartment 1 as the bottom plate 7.
  • the upper compartment includes a top cover 2, a top cover side skirt 3, an upper bottom skirt 9, a top lower skirt 10, and a foldable side wall 6, and a top cover 2. It is fixedly connected with the side skirt 3 of the roof to form the shape matching the top plate of the conventional car 1 and can cover the roof of the conventional car 1 from the outside.
  • the upper skirt 9 of the bottom plate is fixedly connected to the side of the bottom plate 7, and the lower skirt 10 of the top cover is fixed It is connected to the side of the top cover 2, and the upper skirt 9 of the bottom plate and the lower skirt 10 of the top cover are connected by a foldable side wall 6;
  • the RV is also provided with a single-deck conversion system, which includes four vertically arranged lifting support devices.
  • the lifting support devices are at least composed of a main body 4 and a lifting column 5 and are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the RV body.
  • 4 is fixedly connected with the side frame of the conventional car 1
  • the lower end of the main body 4 is connected with the underframe of the conventional car 1
  • the upper end of the main body 4 is connected with the top plate of the conventional car 1
  • the lifting column 5 is telescopically inserted into the body 4
  • the upper end of the lifting column 5 Connected to the top cover 2 of the upper compartment, and the main body 4 has an extension section protruding from the bottom plate 7.
  • the length of the extension section is set to 500mm, which is equal to when the upper compartment becomes a single-layer form after the upper compartment is stowed, the top cover 2 and The space between the bottom plates 7, this space is used to store the items in the upper compartment and the folded foldable side panels 6, as shown in Figure 1. This space is also sufficient for placing mattresses, bedding, etc.
  • the touring car becomes a double-layered form, and the lifting column 5 lifts the upper roof so that the height of the upper compartment is not less than 1800mm, and the upper compartment has a loose space for entertainment and rest.
  • the metal edge of the bottom plate 7 of the upper compartment vertically protrudes upward by 30-50 mm to form the bottom skirt 9 of the upper compartment.
  • a 30-50mm metal edge extends straight down to form the lower skirt 10 of the top cover.
  • the foldable side skirts 6 are sealed and riveted with the upper skirt 9 of the bottom plate and the lower skirt 10 of the top cover or fixed with screws.
  • the main body 4 adopts the cylinder barrel of the hydraulic cylinder, and the lifting column 5 is the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the second joint 12 reserved for the roof of the carriage 1 is fixedly connected, the upper end of the cylinder tube protrudes from the upper carriage floor 7 for a length of 500 mm, the lifting column 5 is fixedly connected with the third joint 13 reserved for the roof 2, and the third connection There is a protective cover for the lifting column at the 13th place.
  • the top plate of the conventional carriage 1 is provided with a stairway 14 and a hidden elevator stairway is arranged at the stairway 14 to facilitate the passage between the conventional carriage 1 and the upper carriage after being raised.
  • the concealed elevator stairs are buckled into the interior of the conventional carriage after being retracted ,
  • the roof side skirt 3 is a rain-proof and ventilated louver structure, which can improve the wind resistance of the RV when it is in a double-layer form.
  • skylights on the top cover such as panoramic glass windows of various sizes or PC sun panels, and solar panels can be installed on the top surface of the top cover to enable passengers to enjoy the night sky, bathe in the sun, and provide energy.
  • the outer side of the foldable side panel 6 is stitched or glued with canvas or Oxford cloth or other foldable materials, and the inner side of the foldable side panel 6 is stitched or glued with leather or cloth interior layer or other foldable materials.
  • the foldable thermal insulation material can be filled between the outer side and the inner side of the foldable side wall 6.
  • the foldable side wall 6 is provided with a number of windows, and foldable flexible transparent windows are installed in the windows, which not only guarantees the light in the upper compartment, but also allows observation of the outside of the vehicle.
  • An anti-collision pad is provided on the inner side of the edge of the top cover side skirt 3 of the upper compartment to prevent the top cover side skirt 3 of the upper compartment from colliding and rubbing with the side wall of the conventional compartment 1 when the upper compartment descends into a single-layer car, and damaging the car body. It is airtight.
  • a vertical folding guardrail 8 is installed at the lower part of the upper compartment close to the inner side of the skirt 9 of the bottom plate.
  • the folding guardrails 8 are distributed around the edges of the upper compartment. After the upper compartment is raised, the folding guardrail 8 is opened to form a height of 600-800mm Before the RV becomes a single layer, the folding guardrail 8 is folded into a linear shape, placed on the periphery of the upper carriage, and hidden between the top cover of the upper carriage and the roof of the conventional carriage.
  • the single-deck conversion system of the present invention also includes a petrol station control system for controlling the lifting and lowering of the lifting column of the lifting support device.
  • the oil station control system of the present invention includes an oil station integrated module A and a shunt-collecting anti-drop module B.
  • the shunt-collecting anti-drop module B is connected to a hydraulic cylinder with four hydraulic cylinders.
  • Group C the oil station integrated module A includes a fuel tank T and an automatic control oil circuit.
  • the start of the automatic control oil circuit is connected to the fuel tank T, and includes the first coarse filter F1 arranged in sequence from the start to the end of the automatic control oil circuit.
  • the oil pump PI, the first one-way valve D1, the first overflow valve YR1, the fine filter F3 connected in parallel with the differential pressure gauge YC1, the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve DC1, and the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve The upper oil pipe of the oil cylinder and the lower oil pipe of the oil cylinder of the DC1.
  • the upper oil pipe of the oil cylinder is connected to the lower oil chamber of the hydraulic oil cylinder through the flow dividing and collecting anti-drop module B.
  • the hydraulic oil in the lower oil cavity of each hydraulic oil cylinder and the upper oil cavity of each hydraulic oil cylinder flows in or out in equal amounts through the flow dividing and collecting anti-dropping module B.
  • the automatic control oil circuit is also connected with an accumulator A1.1 and an accumulator A1.2, which are used for energy storage of the system and overcome oil circuit pulsation and water hammer.
  • the dividing and collecting module B includes an upstream dividing and collecting anti-dropping module and a downstream dividing and collecting module.
  • the upstream dividing and collecting anti-dropping module communicates with the upper oil pipe of the oil cylinder and the lower oil chamber of the hydraulic oil cylinder, and includes a first A split header A1 and a first split header A2.
  • the first split header A1 is connected to the lower oil chambers of the two hydraulic cylinders through the second split header A11 and the second split header A12.
  • a branch header A2 is connected to the lower oil chambers of the other two hydraulic cylinders through the second branch header A21 and the second branch header A22.
  • the downward flow dividing and collecting module connects the downward oil pipe of the oil cylinder and the upper oil cavity of the hydraulic oil cylinder, and includes a third dividing header B1 and a third dividing header B2.
  • the third dividing header B1 passes through the first
  • the four-split header B11 and the fourth-split header B12 are connected to the upper oil chambers of the two hydraulic cylinders
  • the third-split header B2 is connected to the other two through the fourth-split header B21 and the fourth-split header B22.
  • a pair of parallel-connected second check valves D2, D3, D4 for oil intake are provided on the pipelines between the upper oil chamber of a hydraulic oil cylinder and the upper flow divider and anti-dropping module of each hydraulic oil cylinder and the lower oil chamber of each hydraulic oil cylinder.
  • D5 and the second relief valve for oil return YR2, YR3, YR4, YR5 there are also oil pressure sensors KP2, KP3, KP4, KP5 and oil pressure gauges G2, G3, G4, G5 connected to the PLC controller, as described
  • the PLC controller is connected to the motor MI of the oil pump PI.
  • the combination of the second one-way valve and the second overflow valve can achieve the purpose of preventing falling: when the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder needs to be raised, the hydraulic oil passes through the second one-way
  • the valve enters the lower oil chamber of the hydraulic oil cylinder from the upper oil pipe of the oil cylinder, so that the piston rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder rises steadily.
  • the second one-way valve passes through, but returns oil through the second overflow valve.
  • the opening pressure of the second overflow valve is preset according to the system pressure, and the system pressure keeps supporting the load during the oil return process.
  • Oil pressure sensors KP2', KP3', KP4', KP5' and oil pressure gauges G2', G3', G4', G5' are correspondingly arranged on the pipelines communicating with the upper oil chambers of each hydraulic oil cylinder and the downward flow dividing and collecting module.
  • Pairs of shut-off valves YM9, YM9'; YM10, YM10'; YM11, YM11'; YM12, YM12' are correspondingly arranged on the pipeline connecting the upper oil cavity and the lower oil cavity of the four hydraulic oil cylinders.
  • the automatic control oil circuit between the fine filter F3 of the present invention and the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve DC1 is sequentially provided with a first stop valve YM7 and a first hydraulic control check valve YKD1, and the upper oil pipe of the cylinder is provided with The second hydraulic control check valve YKD2, the downward oil pipe of the cylinder is provided with a third hydraulic control check valve YKD3, the first stop valve YM7 and the first hydraulic control check valve YKD1 are connected to the oil path One branch, the first branch is provided with a two-position three-position for controlling the opening and closing of the first hydraulic control check valve YKD1, the second hydraulic control check valve YKD2 and the third hydraulic control check valve YKD3 Open solenoid directional valve DC2.
  • the two-position three-way solenoid directional valve DC2 is energized, and when the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder rises, the hydraulic oil enters the two-position three-way solenoid directional valve DC2 through the first branch to make the first, second,
  • the third hydraulic control check valve opens, and the hydraulic oil flows into the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve DC1 through the first hydraulic control check valve YKD1.
  • the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve DC1 is energized as a parallel channel, and the hydraulic oil Enter the upper oil pipe of the oil cylinder, after being divided by the upper flow divider and fall prevention module, it flows into the lower oil cavity of each hydraulic oil cylinder through the one-way valve D2, D3, D4, D5, and the hydraulic oil in the upper oil cavity of the hydraulic oil cylinder passes through the lower shunt and collecting module After the flow is collected, it returns to the oil tank through the downward oil pipe of the oil cylinder and the three-position four-way electromagnetic reversing valve DC1.
  • the cross channel of the three-position four-way electromagnetic directional valve DC1 is energized.
  • the hydraulic oil flow in the upper and lower oil chambers of the hydraulic cylinder is opposite to that when the piston rod is raised.
  • Flow valves YR2, YR3, YR4, YR5 flow back to the fuel tank after being collected by the upstream shunt collecting module.
  • the two-position three-way solenoid directional valve DC2 and the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve DC1 lose power, they are both in the neutral position. At this time, the oil circuit is in the locked position and the hydraulic oil cannot flow.
  • a second branch is connected to the automatic control oil circuit between the fine filter F3 and the first shut-off valve YM7, and the accumulator A1.1 and the accumulator A1.2 are both arranged on the second branch.
  • a first three-position four-way manual reversing valve SCF1 is connected to the end of the second branch as a manual control oil circuit.
  • the two oil ports of the first three-position four-way manual reversing valve SCF1 are respectively connected to the cylinder upstream The oil pipe and the downward oil pipe of the oil cylinder.
  • the pipeline between the first three-position four-way manual reversing valve SCF1 and the accumulator A1.1 and the accumulator A1.2 is equipped with an oil pressure sensor KPI, an oil pressure gauge G1 and a second shut-off valve YM5, which are manually controlled
  • the oil circuit is used when the two-position three-way solenoid directional valve DC2 and/or the three-position four-way solenoid directional valve DC1 fail, manually switch the channel of the first three-position four-way manual directional valve SCF1, and turn on the motor MI of the oil pump PI Complete the lifting of the piston rod of each hydraulic oil cylinder.
  • the oil pressure sensor KPI can sample the working pressure in the pipeline system, the sampled data is fed back to the PLC controller, and the PLC controller automatically controls the start and stop of the motor MI.
  • the oil station integrated module of the present invention also includes a hand pump control oil circuit.
  • the beginning of the hand pump control oil circuit is connected to the oil tank T.
  • the hand pump control oil circuit is provided with a hand pump SOB and a second The three-position four-way manual reversing valve SCF2, and the two oil ports of the second three-position four-way reversing valve SCF2 are respectively connected to the upward oil pipe of the oil cylinder and the downward oil pipe of the oil cylinder.
  • the hand pump control oil circuit can be backed up when both the automatic control oil circuit and the manual control oil circuit fail.
  • the system is pressurized by the hand pump, and the channel of the second, three-position, four-way manual reversing valve is manually switched to control each hydraulic oil cylinder Lifting of the piston rod.
  • the oil tank of the present invention is also provided with a temperature relay KY for detecting the oil temperature, and an alarm is provided when the oil temperature is higher than the set value, and a pressure relay TG is provided to detect the level of the oil tank, and an alarm is provided when the oil level is low, and a level gauge H is also provided.
  • a second coarse filter F2 is provided on the fuel filler pipe of the fuel tank.
  • shut-off valves are also provided on the pipeline.
  • this embodiment is another type of integral self-propelled motorhome.
  • the size, appearance, and wheel configuration of the body are different, but the structural composition and principle are different. All are the same as the first embodiment.
  • this embodiment is a body part of a trailer-mounted RV, and its structural composition and principle are the same as those of the first embodiment.

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Abstract

一种单双层可变式房车，包括常规车厢（1），设于常规车厢上方的上层车厢，上层车厢以常规车厢的顶板（7）作底板。上层车厢包括顶盖（2）、顶盖侧裙（3）、底板上裙边（9）、顶盖下裙边（10）和可折叠侧围（6）。房车还设有单双层转换系统，其包括竖向设置的若干升降支撑装置。该升降支撑装置至少由主体（4）和升降柱（5）构成并且对称分布在房车车体的两侧。主体与常规车厢的侧围骨架固定连接，主体下端与常规车厢的车体底架连接，主体上端与常规车厢的顶板连接，升降柱伸缩插入主体内部，升降柱的上端与上层车厢的顶盖连接，且主体具有突出上层车厢底板的延长段。通过单双层变换将房与车的功能融合，成本低，经济性好。

Description

一种单双层可变式房车 技术领域
本发明涉及房车技术领域，具体说是一种单双层可变式房车。
背景技术
房车兼具“房”与“车”两大功能，是一种可移动、具有居家必备的基本设施的车种。其“车”功能在行驶时得以体现；而“房”的功能展现于乘客旅居生活过程中，对房车的综合感受，尤其是对房车可用于生活、娱乐、休息空间的感受。
现有技术中的房车，无论是拖挂式房车还是整体的自行式房车，一般是单层结构，有极少数车身庞大价格高昂的豪华房车，这类房车行驶操控难度高，停车难，需要很大的停车位，尤其是拖挂式房车，这类豪华房车在旅居生活中可用空间仍较为狭小，乘客睡眠休息床位少或睡眠休息空间不足的问题特别明显；多数的房车车身较小，旅居生活中可用空间更加狭小，高度低给人压抑感，不能满足多人旅居。
还有个别的撑举式双层房车、折叠房车及拓展式房车，这些房车增加了一定的使用面积或空间，但在一定程度上存在安全隐患，操作相对复杂，车身收缩、展开耗时耗力，可靠性、稳定性差，给旅居生活带来了诸多不便和不良体验。
例如申请号201410064028.1的中国专利公开的《撑举式双层房车》，它是一种单、双层空间可转换的撑举式双层房车，是由汽车底盘、箱体、壳罩、动力伸缩轴杆系统、导向平衡机构、密封机构和多个锁定咬合机构构成，箱体固定在汽车底盘上面，壳罩设置在箱体上面，壳罩与箱体之间由动力伸缩轴杆系统和导向平衡机构连接，壳罩与箱体的顶板、上裙共同组成上层活动空间；动力伸缩轴杆系统用于支托和收合壳罩；导向平衡机构安装在壳罩和箱体之间，用于保持壳罩在支托和收合过程中能够平稳运行；密封结构设置在壳罩和箱体之间；锁定咬合机构安装在箱体和壳罩侧壁上。该种房车是在车身上增设了一个可撑举收合的壳罩，壳罩升起变为双层，虽达到了扩展空间的目的，但其壳罩比车身还要略大，壳罩的撑举收回过程耗时耗力，并且壳罩结构复杂，需考 虑壳罩与车身的各种匹配问题，可能出现更多的可靠性问题，另外因壳罩本身的质量大，撑举成双层后，车身的重心变化明显，还会出现稳定性问题，解决这些问题，无疑会增加更多的设计与生产成本，房车价格高昂。
综上，现有的房车很难兼顾“房”与“车”两种功能的平衡，作为“房”，我们希望车身空间越大越好，作为“车”，我们却希望车体越小越好。目前尚没有“房”、“车”两种功能平衡的经济型房车，既能够充分发挥“车”的功能，又能够展示良好的“房”的功能，同时还能在低成本下达到安全可靠、系统稳定、操作便捷的目的。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种单双层可变式房车，目的在于提供一种成本相对低、系统可靠并且具有旅居生活所需大空间的房车。
本发明采用的技术方案如下，
一种单双层可变式房车，包括常规车厢，其特征在于，还包括设于所述常规车厢上方的上层车厢，所述上层车厢以所述常规车厢的顶板作底板，所述上层车厢包括顶盖、顶盖侧裙、底板上裙边、顶盖下裙边和可折叠侧围，所述顶盖和顶盖侧裙固定连接构成与所述常规车厢顶板外形匹配能够从外侧罩住所述常规车厢顶板的车顶，所述底板上裙边固定连接在所述底板的侧边，所述顶盖下裙边位于所述顶盖侧裙的内侧并固定连接在所述顶盖的侧边，所述底板上裙边和所述顶盖下裙边之间通过所述的可折叠侧围连接；
所述房车还设有单双层转换系统，其包括竖向设置的若干升降支撑装置，所述升降支撑装置至少由主体和升降柱构成并且对称分布在房车车体的两侧，所述主体与所述常规车厢的侧围骨架固定连接，所述主体下端与所述常规车厢的车体底架连接，所述主体上端与所述常规车厢的顶板连接，所述升降柱伸缩插入所述主体内部，所述升降柱的上端与上层车厢的顶盖连接，且所述主体具有突出所述上层车厢底板的延长段，所述延长段作用在于升降柱在高位时，筑牢升降柱的根基，增强升降柱的稳固性。
本发明的单双层可变式房车到达驻地作房车使用时，通过升降支撑装置的升降柱将上层车厢的顶盖升起，可折叠侧围展开，使上层车厢成为高度适合乘客旅居的生活空间，变形为双层房车。在行驶前，若房车为双层形态，升降支 撑装置的升降柱收缩下降，使上层车厢的顶盖下降至最低点，此时顶盖与常规车厢的顶板距离为主体延长段的高度，可折叠侧围在顶盖下降时折叠至顶盖侧裙内，顶盖侧裙从外侧罩住常规车厢的顶板以及常规车厢的侧围上部。本发明的上层车厢的重量与整车的比重小，约占整车的5％左右，上层车厢耗材少，成本较低具有良好的经济性，并且上层车厢升起后对整车的重心影响较小，稳定性好，因为上层车厢的质量小，车厢展开与收缩时的控制也更加方便，可以节省时间和能源。行驶时上层车厢下降变为单层房车，可以如常规房车一般行驶和停车。
本发明的所述常规车厢的顶板设有楼梯口，所述楼梯口处设有隐藏式升降楼梯，便于常规车厢与升起后上层车厢之间的通行，隐藏式升降楼梯收起后扣合在常规车厢内部，隐藏于常规车厢的顶板与上层车厢的顶盖之间。
本发明的所述顶盖侧裙为防雨通风百叶结构，可以提高房车为双层形态时的抗风能力。
本发明所述可折叠侧围的外侧由帆布或牛津布或其他可折叠材料缝合或粘合而成，所述可折叠侧围的内侧由皮革或布质或其他可折叠材质的内饰层缝合或粘合而成，所述可折叠侧围的外侧与内侧之间可以填充可折叠的保温材料。侧围不仅达到了折叠目的，而且质量轻，具有保温能力。
本发明的所述可折叠侧围开设有若干窗口，窗口内安装可折叠的柔性透明窗，如塑料布，既保障上层车厢内的光线，又可观察车外。
本发明的所述上层车厢顶盖侧裙边缘内侧设有防碰撞垫，在上层车厢下降变为单层房车时，防止上层车厢的顶盖侧裙与常规车厢的侧围碰撞摩擦，损伤车体，并具有良好的密封性。
本发明的所述上层车厢下部贴近所述底板上裙边内侧处安装有竖向的折叠式护栏，折叠式护栏分布在上层车厢的四周边缘，上层车厢升起后，将折叠式护栏打开形成高度600-800mm的护栏，房车变为单层前，将折叠式护栏收起成线型，置于上层车厢的四周边缘，隐藏于上层车厢的顶盖与常规车厢的顶板之间。
本发明的所述顶盖上开设有天窗，顶盖上表面还可以安装太阳能板。
本发明的所述升降支撑装置为液压装置，所述主体为液压油缸的缸筒，所 述升降柱为液压油缸的活塞杆。
本发明的所述单双层转换系统还包括用于控制所述升降支撑装置的升降柱升降的油站控制系统。
本发明的所述油站控制系统包括油站集成模块和分流集流防掉坠模块，所述油站集成模块包括油箱和自动控制油路，所述自动控制油路始端接入油箱，包括自动控制油路始端至末端顺序设置的第一粗过滤器、具有电机的油泵、第一单向阀、第一溢流阀、并联有压差计的精过滤器、三位四通电磁换向阀，以及连接所述三位四通电磁换向阀的油缸上行油管和油缸下行油管，所述油缸上行油管通过所述分流集流防掉坠模块连接所述液压油缸的下油腔，所述油缸下行油管通过所述分流集流防掉坠模块连通所述液压油缸的上油腔，各个液压油缸下油腔和各个液压油缸上油腔的液压油通过所述分流集流防掉坠模块等量流入或流出，所述自动控制油路还连接有蓄能器，蓄能器用于系统蓄能，并克服油路脉动、水锤现象。
本发明的所述分流集流模块包括上行分流集流防掉坠模块和下行分流集流模块，所述上行分流集流防掉坠模块连通所述油缸上行油管和所述液压油缸的下油腔，所述下行分流集流模块连通所述油缸下行油管和所述液压油缸的上油腔，所述上行分流集流防掉坠模块与每个液压油缸的下油腔的管路上设置有并联的进油用第二单向阀和回油用第二溢流阀，还设有连接PLC控制器的油压传感器，所述PLC控制器连接所述油泵的电机，第二单向阀和第二溢流阀的组合可以达到防掉坠的目的，液压油缸的活塞杆需升起时，液压油通过第二单向阀从油缸上行油管进入液压油缸的下油腔，使液压油缸的活塞杆平稳的上升，当液压油缸的活塞杆需下降时，液压油缸下油腔的液压油需回油至油箱，回流无法从第二单向阀通过，而是经第二溢流阀回油，第二溢流阀的开启压力根据系统压力预设，回油过程系统压力保持托住负载。因回油需经过第二溢流阀，油站集成模块的油路有渗漏时也可保障液压油缸内油压稳定，防止上层车厢非正常下降或上升或坠落。
本发明的所述精过滤器与所述三位四通电磁换向阀之间的自动控制油路上依次设置有第一截止阀和第一液控单向阀，所述油缸上行油管上设有第二液控单向阀，所述油缸下行油管上设有第三液控单向阀，所述第一截止阀与第一液 控单向阀之间的油路上连接一第一支路，所述第一支路上设有一个用于控制所述第一液控单向阀、第二液控单向阀和第三液控单向阀启闭的二位三通电磁换向阀。
正常工作时，二位三通电磁换向阀得电，液压油缸的活塞杆升起时，液压油经第一支路进入二位三通电磁换向阀，使第一、第二、第三液控单向阀打开，液压油经第一液控单向阀流入三位四通电磁换向阀，此时三位四通电磁换向阀得电为平行通道，液压油进入油缸上行油管，经分流集流模块分流后流入各个液压油缸的下油腔，液压油缸上油腔的液压油经分流集流模块集流后通过油缸下行油管和三位四通电磁换向阀回流至油箱。液压油缸的活塞杆下降时，三位四通电磁换向阀的交叉通道得电，液压油缸上油腔和下油腔液压油流向与活塞杆升起时相反。二位三通电磁换向阀和三位四通电磁换向阀失电时，均处于中位，油路位于锁位状态液压油无法流动。
本发明的所述精过滤器与所述第一截止阀之间的自动控制油路上连接一个第二支路，所述蓄能器设置于所述第二支路上。
本发明所述第二支路上的末端连接有一个第一三位四通手动换向阀作为手动控制油路，所述第一三位四通手动换向阀的两个油口分别连接所述油缸上行油管和所述油缸下行油管。手动控制油路在二位三通电磁换向阀和/或三位四通电磁换向阀故障时使用，手动切换第一三位四通手动换向阀的通道，开启油泵的电机完成各液压油缸活塞杆的升降。
本发明所述油站集成模块还包括一个手摇泵控制油路，所述手摇泵控制油路始端接入所述油箱，所述手摇泵控制油路上设置手摇泵和第二三位四通手动换向阀，所述第二三位四通换向阀的两个油口分别连接所述的油缸上行油管和所述油缸下行油管。手摇泵控制油路可在自动控制油路和手动控制油路都失灵时备用，通过手摇泵给系统增压，手动切换第二三位四通手动换向阀的通道，控制各液压油缸活塞杆的升降。
本发明具有以下显著效果：
1.本发明房车上层车厢的可折叠侧围通过升降支撑装置的转换展开或折叠，完成单双层的切换，上层车厢展开时，在给乘客提供舒适、宽松的生活、娱乐、休息空间的前提下，耗材少，成本低，经济实用性强，上层车厢的质量小，使 得双层形态下房车的稳定性好，并且单双层变换时收缩和展开的操作更加省时省力，上层车厢收缩后，房车变换为单层状态，不影响车辆的行驶操控性和正常停车，升降支撑装置主体的延长段为升降柱提供了更加坚实的根基，防止升降柱根部弯折变形，也保障常规车厢的顶板与上层车厢的顶盖之间的高度，成为上层车厢内的物品及折叠后物品的储藏空间，另外本发明的升降支撑装置与常规车厢的侧围骨架成为一体，有效保障升降支撑装置的稳定性。
2.本发明的隐藏式升降楼梯便于常规车厢与上层车厢之间的通行。
3.本发明的顶盖侧裙为防雨通风百叶结构，在双层房车形态下，搞风能力强。
4.本发明的可折叠侧围由内层和外层双层构成，采用布质或皮革等其他可折叠材料，质量轻，其内可以填充保温材料，既达到了防护目的又具有保温效果。
5.本发明的可折叠侧围开设安装透明窗，使上层车厢展开时具有良好的光线与车外视野，满足乘客车内观光需求。
6.本发明上层车厢顶盖侧裙边缘内侧的防碰撞垫可避免单双层变换时损伤车体，同时增强了密封性。
7.本发明的上层车厢内设有折叠式护栏，提高了上层车厢的防护效果。
8.本发明采用液压油缸作上层车厢的升降控制装置，升降控制平稳性好，并且本发明具有防掉坠功能，在双层房车形态时，上层车厢的顶盖在油站控制系统有渗漏的情况下，防止上层车厢顶盖坠落或升高，保障上层车厢展开与收缩过程中的安全性。
9.本发明的升降支撑装置具有自动、手动和手摇泵控制三种控制方式，三重保障实现房车旅途中的单双层切换的目的，可以减少旅途中房车上层车厢升降故障带来的烦恼，保障上层车厢可以正常使用。
综上，本发明通过单双层车厢的变换，展示了“小车身，大空间”的优势，行驶时可以收缩后单层的小车身，驻扎时可以展开为双层的大空间房车，使房与车的功能更好的融为一体。本发明的房车可以应用于各类房车上，既可以是整体式的自行车，也可以是拖挂式的房车等。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明：
图1为实施例一单双层可变式房车为单层形态时的示意图；
图2为实施例一单双层可变式房车为双层形态时的示意图；
图3为实施例一中上层车厢的底板平面图；
图4为实施例一中上层车厢的顶盖内部的平面图；
图5为本发明升降支撑装置的油站控制系统原理图；
图6为图5中油站集成模块的放大图；
图7为图5中分流集流防掉坠模块与液压油缸组的放大图；
图8为实施例二中单双层可变式房车为双层形态时的示意图；
图9为实施例三中单双层可变式房车为双层形态时的示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例一
如图1至图4所示，本实施例的一种单双层可变式房车，是一种整体的自行式房车，包括常规车厢1，还包括设于常规车厢1上方的上层车厢，所述上层车厢以常规车厢1的顶板作底板7，所述上层车厢包括顶盖2、顶盖侧裙3、底板上裙边9、顶盖下裙边10和可折叠侧围6，顶盖2和顶盖侧裙3固定连接构成与常规车厢1顶板外形匹配能够从外侧罩住常规车厢1顶板的车顶，底板上裙边9固定连接在底板7的侧边，顶盖下裙边10固定连接在顶盖2的侧边，底板上裙边9和顶盖下裙边10之间通过可折叠侧围6连接；
所述房车还设有单双层转换系统，其包括竖向设置的四个升降支撑装置，所述升降支撑装置至少由主体4和升降柱5构成并且对称分布在房车车体的两侧，主体4与常规车厢1的侧围骨架固定连接，主体4下端与常规车厢1的车体底架连接，主体4上端与常规车厢1的顶板连接，升降柱5伸缩插入主体4内部，升降柱5上端与所述上层车厢的顶盖2连接，且主体4具有突出底板7的延长段，延长段的长度设定为500mm，其等于上层车厢收起后房车变为单层形态时，顶盖2与底板7之间的间距，此空间用于存储上层车厢内物品以及折叠后的可折叠侧围6，见图1,此空间还足以用于放置床垫、被褥等。上层车厢展开后房车变为双层形态，升降柱5将上层顶盖顶升后使上层车厢的高度不低于1800mm，上层车厢内具有宽松的娱乐、休息空间。
具体地，本实施例中，上层车厢的底板7四周边缘垂直向上突出30－50mm的金属边形成上层车厢的底板上裙边9，上层车厢顶盖2内部在顶盖侧裙3内侧四周边缘竖直向下延出30－50mm的金属边形成顶盖下裙边10，可折叠侧围6与底板上裙边9和顶盖下裙边10密封铆接或用螺丝固定。主体4采用液压油缸的缸筒，升降柱5为液压油缸的活塞杆，缸筒的底座与常规车厢1车体底架上的预留的第一连接处11固定连接，缸筒的上端与常规车厢1的顶板预留的第二连接处12固定连接，缸筒上端突出上层车厢底板7的长度为500mm,升降柱5与顶盖2的预留的第三连接处13固定连接，第三连接处13设有升降柱保护套。
作为优选实施例：
常规车厢1的顶板设有楼梯口14，楼梯口14处设有隐藏式升降楼梯，便于常规车厢1与升起后上层车厢之间的通行，隐藏式升降楼梯收起后扣合在常规车厢内部，隐藏于常规车厢1的顶板与上层车厢的顶盖2之间。顶盖侧裙3为防雨通风百叶结构，可以提高房车为双层形态时的抗风能力。顶盖上开设有天窗，例如各类尺寸的全景玻璃窗或PC阳光板，顶盖上表面还可安装太阳能板，既能使乘客享受夜空、沐浴阳光，又能提供能源。
可折叠侧围6的外侧由帆布或牛津布或其他可折叠材料缝合或粘合而成，可折叠侧围6的内侧由皮革或布质内饰层或其他可折叠材料缝合或粘合而成，可折叠侧围6的外侧与内侧之间可填充可折叠的保温材料。可折叠侧围6开设有若干窗口，窗口内安装可折叠的柔性透明窗，既保障上层车厢内的光线，又可观察车外。
上层车厢顶盖侧裙3边缘内侧设有防碰撞垫，在上层车厢下降变为单层房车时，防止上层车厢的顶盖侧裙3与常规车厢1的侧围碰撞摩擦，损伤车体，并具有密封性。
上层车厢下部贴近底板上裙边9内侧处安装有竖向的折叠式护栏8，折叠式护栏8分布在上层车厢的四周边缘，上层车厢升起后，将折叠式护栏8打开形成高度600-800mm的护栏，房车变为单层前，将折叠式护栏8收起成线型，置于上层车厢的四周边缘，隐藏于上层车厢的顶盖与常规车厢的顶板之间。
本发明的所述单双层转换系统还包括用于控制所述升降支撑装置的升降柱升降的油站控制系统。
如图5至7所示，本发明的所述油站控制系统包括油站集成模块A和分流集流防掉坠模块B，分流集流防掉坠模块B连接具有四个液压油缸的液压油缸组C，油站集成模块A包括油箱T和自动控制油路，所述自动控制油路始端接入油箱T，包括自动控制油路始端至末端顺序设置的第一粗过滤器F1、具有电机MI的油泵PI、第一单向阀D1、第一溢流阀YR1、并联有压差计YC1的精过滤器F3、三位四通电磁换向阀DC1，以及连接三位四通电磁换向阀DC1的油缸上行油管和油缸下行油管，所述油缸上行油管通过分流集流防掉坠模块B连接所述液压油缸的下油腔，所述油缸下行油管通过分流集流防掉坠模块B连通所述液压油缸的上油腔，各个液压油缸下油腔和各个液压油缸上油腔的液压油经过分流集流防掉坠模块B等量流入或流出。所述自动控制油路上还连接有蓄能器A1.1和蓄能器A1.2，用于系统的蓄能并克服油路脉动、水锤现象。分流集流模块B包括上行分流集流防掉坠模块和下行分流集流模块，所述上行分流集流防掉坠模块连通所述油缸上行油管和所述液压油缸的下油腔，其包括第一分流集流管A1和第一分流集流管A2，第一分流集流管A1再经第二分流集流管A11和第二分流集流管A12连通两个液压油缸的下油腔，第一分流集流管A2再经第二分流集流管A21和第二分流集流管A22连通另两个液压油缸的下油腔。所述下行分流集流模块连通所述油缸下行油管和所述液压油缸的上油腔，其包括第三分流集流管B1和第三分流集流管B2，第三分流集流管B1经第四分流集流管B11和第四分流集流管B12连通两个液压油缸的上油腔，第三分流集流管B2经第四分流集流管B21和第四分流集流管B22连接另两个液压油缸的上油腔，所述上行分流集流防掉坠模块与每个液压油缸的下油腔的管路上设置有成对并联的进油用第二单向阀D2，D3，D4，D5和回油用第二溢流阀YR2，YR3，YR4，YR5，还设有连接PLC控制器的油压传感器KP2，KP3，KP4,KP5以及油压表G2，G3，G4，G5，所述PLC控制器连接所述油泵PI的电机MI，第二单向阀和第二溢流阀的组合可以达到防掉坠的目的：液压油缸的活塞杆需升起时，液压油通过第二单向阀从油缸上行油管进入液压油缸的下油腔，使液压油缸的活塞杆平稳的上升，当液压油缸的活塞杆需下降时，液压油缸下油腔的液压油需回油至油箱，回流无法从第二单向阀通过，而是经第二溢流阀回油，第二溢流阀的开启压力根据系统压力预设，回油过程系统压力保持托住负载。因回油需经过第二溢流 阀，油站集成模块的油路有渗漏时也可保障液压油缸内油压稳定，防止上层车厢顶盖非正常下降或上升或坠落。下行分流集流模块与各个液压油缸上油腔连通的管路上对应设置有油压传感器KP2′，KP3′，KP4′，KP5′和油压表G2′,G3′，G4′，G5′。连通四个液压油缸的上油腔和下油腔的管路上对应设有成对的截止阀YM9,YM9′；YM10,YM10′；YM11,YM11′；YM12,YM12′。
本发明的精过滤器F3与三位四通电磁换向阀DC1之间的自动控制油路上依次设置有第一截止阀YM7和第一液控单向阀YKD1，所述油缸上行油管上设有第二液控单向阀YKD2，所述油缸下行油管上设有第三液控单向阀YKD3，所述第一截止阀YM7与第一液控单向阀YKD1之间的油路上连接一第一支路，所述第一支路上设有一个用于控制所述第一液控单向阀YKD1、第二液控单向阀YKD2和第三液控单向阀YKD3启闭的二位三通电磁换向阀DC2。
正常工作时，二位三通电磁换向阀DC2得电，液压油缸的活塞杆升起时，液压油经第一支路进入二位三通电磁换向阀DC2，使第一、第二、第三液控单向阀打开，液压油经第一液控单向阀YKD1流入三位四通电磁换向阀DC1，此时三位四通电磁换向阀DC1得电为平行通道，液压油进入油缸上行油管，经上行分流集流防掉坠模块分流后通过单向阀D2，D3，D4，D5流入各个液压油缸的下油腔，液压油缸上油腔的液压油经下行分流集流模块集流后通过油缸下行油管和三位四通电磁换向阀DC1回流至油箱。液压油缸的活塞杆下降时，三位四通电磁换向阀DC1的交叉通道得电，液压油缸上油腔和下油腔液压油流向与活塞杆升起时相反，回油路液压油通过溢流阀YR2，YR3，YR4，YR5经上行分流集流模块集流后回流至油箱。二位三通电磁换向阀DC2和三位四通电磁换向阀DC1失电时，均处于中位，此时油路位于锁位状态液压油无法流动。
精过滤器F3与第一截止阀YM7之间的自动控制油路上连接一个第二支路，蓄能器A1.1和蓄能器A1.2均设置在该第二支路上。
第二支路上的末端连接有一个第一三位四通手动换向阀SCF1作为手动控制油路，所述第一三位四通手动换向阀SCF1的两个油口分别连接所述油缸上行油管和所述油缸下行油管。第一三位四通手动换向阀SCF1与蓄能器A1.1和蓄能器A1.2之间的管路上设有油压传感器KPI、油压表G1以及第二截止阀YM5，手动控制油路在二位三通电磁换向阀DC2和/或三位四通电磁换向阀DC1故障时 使用，手动切换第一三位四通手动换向阀SCF1的通道，开启油泵PI的电机MI完成各液压油缸活塞杆的升降。油压传感器KPI可以对管路系统中的工作压力采样，采样数据反馈给PLC控制器，由PLC控制器自动控制电机MI的启停。
本发明所述油站集成模块还包括一个手摇泵控制油路，所述手摇泵控制油路始端接入所述油箱T，所述手摇泵控制油路上设置手摇泵SOB和第二三位四通手动换向阀SCF2，所述第二三位四通换向阀SCF2的两个油口分别连接所述的油缸上行油管和所述油缸下行油管。手摇泵控制油路可在自动控制油路和手动控制油路都失灵时备用，通过手摇泵给系统增压，手动切换第二三位四通手动换向阀的通道，控制各液压油缸活塞杆的升降。
本发明的油箱还设置有温度继电器KY用于检测油温，在油温高于设定值报警，设置有压力继电器TG检测油箱液位，油位低时报警，还设有液位计H，实时监测液位，所述油箱的加油口管路上设置有第二粗过滤器F2。
为方便本发明中蓄能器、换向阀的维护，管路上还设有对应的其他截止阀。
实施例二
如图8所示，本实施例与实施例一不同之处在于，本实施例为另一种类型的整体式自行房车，车身的尺寸，外型，车轮配置有所不同，但结构组成和原理均和实施例一相同。
实施例三
如图9所示，本实施例与实施例一不同之处在于，本实施例为一种拖挂式房车的车身部分，其结构组成和原理与实施例一相同。
本发明的上述实施例并不是对本发明保护范围的限定，本发明的实施方式不限于此，凡此种种根据本发明的上述内容，按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段，在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下，对本发明上述结构做出的其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更，均应落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种单双层可变式房车，包括常规车厢，其特征在于，还包括设于所述常规车厢上方的上层车厢，所述上层车厢以所述常规车厢的顶板作底板，所述上层车厢包括顶盖、顶盖侧裙、底板上裙边、顶盖下裙边和可折叠侧围，所述顶盖和顶盖侧裙固定连接构成与所述常规车厢顶板外形匹配能够从外侧罩住所述常规车厢顶板的车顶，所述底板上裙边固定连接在所述底板的侧边，所述顶盖下裙边位于所述顶盖侧裙的内侧并固定连接在所述顶盖的侧边，所述底板上裙边和所述顶盖下裙边之间通过所述的可折叠侧围连接；
    所述房车还设有单双层转换系统，其包括竖向设置的若干升降支撑装置，所述升降支撑装置至少由主体和升降柱构成并且对称分布在房车车体的两侧，所述主体与所述常规车厢的侧围骨架固定连接，所述主体下端与所述常规车厢的车体底架连接，所述主体上端与所述常规车厢的顶板连接，所述升降柱伸缩插入所述主体内部，所述升降柱的上端与上层车厢的顶盖连接，且所述主体具有突出所述上层车厢底板的延长段。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述单双层可变式房车，其特征在于，所述常规车厢的顶板设有楼梯口，所述楼梯口处设有隐藏式升降楼梯。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述单双层可变式房车，其特征在于，所述顶盖侧裙为防雨通风百叶结构。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述单双层可变式房车，其特征在于，所述可折叠侧围的外侧由帆布或牛津布缝合或粘合而成，所述可折叠侧围的内侧由皮革或布质内饰层缝合或粘合而成，所述可折叠侧围的外侧与内侧之间可填充可折叠的保温材料。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述单双层可变式房车，其特征在于，所述可折叠侧围开设有若干窗口，窗口内安装可折叠的柔性透明窗。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述单双层可变式房车，其特征在于，所述上层车厢的所述顶盖侧裙边缘内部设有防碰撞垫。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述单双层可变式房车，其特征在于，所述上层车厢下部贴近所述底板上裙边内侧处安装有竖向的折叠式护栏。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述单双层可变式房车，其特征在于，所述顶盖上开设 有天窗，顶盖上表面安装有太阳能板。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任意一项所述单双层可变式房车，其特征在于，所述升降支撑装置为液压装置，所述主体为液压油缸的缸筒，所述升降柱为液压油缸的活塞杆。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述单双层可变式房车，其特征在于，所述单双层转换系统还包括用于控制所述升降支撑装置的升降柱升降的油站控制系统，所述油站控制系统包括油站集成模块和分流集流防掉坠模块，所述油站集成模块包括油箱和自动控制油路，所述自动控制油路始端接入油箱，包括自动控制油路始端至末端顺序设置的第一粗过滤器、具有电机的油泵、第一单向阀、第一溢流阀、并联有压差计的精过滤器、三位四通电磁换向阀，以及连接所述三位四通电磁换向阀的油缸上行油管和油缸下行油管，所述油缸上行油管通过所述分流集流防掉坠模块连接所述液压油缸的下油腔，所述油缸下行油管通过所述分流集流防掉坠模块连通所述液压油缸的上油腔，各个液压油缸下油腔和各个液压油缸上油腔的液压油通过所述分流集流防掉坠模块等量流入或流出，所述自动控制油路还连接有蓄能器。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的单双层可变式房车，其特征在于，所述分流集流模块包括上行分流集流防掉坠模块和下行分流集流模块，所述上行分流集流防掉坠模块连通所述油缸上行油管和所述液压油缸的下油腔，所述下行分流集流模块连通所述油缸下行油管和所述液压油缸的上油腔，所述上行分流集流防掉坠模块与每个液压油缸的下油腔的管路上设置有并联的进油用第二单向阀和回油用第二溢流阀，还设有连接PLC控制器的油压传感器，所述PLC控制器连接所述油泵的电机。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的单双层可变式房车，其特征在于，所述精过滤器与所述三位四通电磁换向阀之间的自动控制油路上依次设置有第一截止阀和第一液控单向阀，所述油缸上行油管上设有第二液控单向阀，所述油缸下行油管上设有第三液控单向阀，所述第一截止阀与第一液控单向阀之间的油路上连接有第一支路，所述第一支路设有一个用于控制所述第一液控单向阀、第二液控单向阀和第三液控单向阀启闭的二位三通电磁换向阀。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的单双层可变式房车，其特征在于，所述精过滤 器与所述第一截止阀之间的自动控制油路上连接一个第二支路，所述蓄能器设置于所述第二支路上。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的单双层可变式房车，其特征在于，所述第二支路上的末端连接有一个第一三位四通手动换向阀使第二支路作为手动控制油路，所述第一三位四通手动换向阀的两个油口分别连接所述油缸上行油管和所述油缸下行油管。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的单双层可变式房车，其特征在于，所述油站集成模块还包括一个手摇泵控制油路，所述手摇泵控制油路始端接入所述油箱，所述手摇泵控制油路上设置手摇泵和第二三位四通手动换向阀，所述第二三位四通换向阀的两个油口分别连接所述的油缸上行油管和所述油缸下行油管。
PCT/CN2021/074147 2020-06-12 2021-01-28 一种单双层可变式房车 WO2021248920A1 (zh)

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