WO2021248913A1 - 一种基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统 - Google Patents

一种基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统 Download PDF

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WO2021248913A1
WO2021248913A1 PCT/CN2021/072346 CN2021072346W WO2021248913A1 WO 2021248913 A1 WO2021248913 A1 WO 2021248913A1 CN 2021072346 W CN2021072346 W CN 2021072346W WO 2021248913 A1 WO2021248913 A1 WO 2021248913A1
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Prior art keywords
gasification
organic waste
plasma
chamber
subsystem
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PCT/CN2021/072346
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English (en)
French (fr)
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乔瑜
冯超
王泉斌
徐明厚
李腾
魏小林
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华中科技大学
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Publication of WO2021248913A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021248913A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/80—Shredding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F23G2204/201—Plasma

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of waste disposal, and more specifically, relates to a plasma-based gasification and incineration treatment system for ship organic waste.
  • Plasma is composed of a large number of positive and negative charged particles and neutral particles. It is a heat source with concentrated energy, high temperature and extremely high electrothermal conversion efficiency (above 85%), and can be used for the thermal treatment of organic waste.
  • Plasma treatment of organic waste has certain advantages, such as high disposal temperature, thorough harmlessness, fast disposal rate, high volume reduction rate, high energy density, and small device size, making it compared to other technologies in the treatment of domestic waste Has unique advantages. For example, it can be used to treat medical wastes with high chlorine content, reduce the production of dioxin, and quickly dispose of domestic garbage on naval vessels. At present, there is no system for rapid, efficient, and harmless disposal of organic waste through plasma.
  • the present invention provides a plasma-based gasification and incineration system for ship organic waste.
  • the optimization of the treatment equipment and gasification chamber improves the wide range of organic waste treatment and the level of gasification incineration treatment.
  • the present invention proposes a plasma-based gasification and incineration system for ship organic waste, including a pretreatment subsystem, a heat treatment subsystem, and an auxiliary subsystem, in which:
  • the pretreatment subsystem is used to classify and pretreat the organic waste to make it have the conditional characteristics of heat treatment
  • the heat treatment subsystem is used to heat treat the pretreated organic waste, which includes a plasma torch, a gasification chamber, a combustion chamber, and an ash accumulation chamber connected in sequence, wherein the plasma torch is used for the gasification
  • the chamber provides a heat source
  • the gasification chamber is used to thermally decompose the organic components in the organic waste into organic fragments
  • the combustion chamber is used to incinerate the organic fragments
  • the ash chamber is used to cool and drain organic waste. Smoke and ashes formed after the fragments are burned;
  • the auxiliary subsystem includes a power supply electronic control device and a gas supply device, wherein the power supply electronic control device is used to provide power for the pretreatment subsystem, the gas supply device and the plasma torch, and the gas supply device is used for
  • the pretreatment subsystem provides the gas flow required for the feed, the plasma carrier for the plasma torch, and the combustion-supporting gas for the combustion chamber.
  • the pretreatment subsystem includes a crushing and pulverizing device, a grinding and pulping device, wherein the crushing and pulverizing device is used for gradual crushing and pulverizing of solid organic waste, and the grinding and pulping device is used for crushing and pulverizing solid organic waste.
  • the water-containing organic waste is ground into a suspension slurry.
  • an air-assisted atomization nozzle is arranged between the grinding and pulping device and the gasification chamber, and the air-assisted atomization nozzle is used to atomize the suspension slurry into atomized droplets and spray them into the gasification chamber ,
  • the average particle size of the atomized droplets is not greater than 150 ⁇ m.
  • the plasma torch is a high-voltage direct current non-transferred arc plasma torch, which generates a torch flame with a center temperature above 5000° C. and horizontally sprays it in the gasification chamber.
  • the outer walls of the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber are provided with a heat-resistant layer, a heat-insulating layer, and a heat-insulating layer from the inside to the outside.
  • the temperature resistance of the heat-resistant layer material of the gasification chamber is 3000°C to 5000°C
  • the temperature resistance of the heat-resistant layer material of the combustion chamber is 1000°C to 2000°C.
  • the connecting end of the inner wall of the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber is a spiral necking.
  • the connecting end of the combustion chamber and the gasification chamber is a flaring and gradually becomes a straight barrel shape, four vents are evenly distributed at the flaring, and each vent is equipped with an auxiliary gas inlet pipe It is connected into the flaring at a certain cut angle, so that the four combustion-supporting gas inlet pipes are distributed in a spiral pattern, and the spiral direction is consistent with the spiral neck of the gasification chamber.
  • the inner wall of the ash accumulation chamber is made of stainless steel, and the top of the ash accumulation chamber is provided with a spray device to cool the incoming flue gas.
  • the auxiliary subsystem further includes a circulating water cooling device, which is used to cool the plasma torch.
  • the present invention makes full use of the advantages of plasma treatment of organic waste. By combining the optimization of the pretreatment device and the gasification chamber, the adaptability to the types of organic waste is wider and the heat treatment efficiency is higher.
  • the invention combines crushing, crushing, and grinding and pulping equipment to guide organic wastes with different characteristics to the plasma torch, improving the applicability of organic wastes, and it is applicable to more types of organic wastes and easier pretreatment ; High-water organic waste such as kitchen waste can be directly passed into the heat treatment device for disposal through pretreatment, without the need for a drying process.
  • the present invention strengthens the contact process between organic waste and plasma torch through the pretreatment and the spiral neck design of the gasification chamber, and the cyclone type of combustion-supporting gas is introduced through the combustion chamber to improve combustion efficiency and reduce pollution emissions .
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plasma-based gasification and incineration system for ship organic waste in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the spiral necking section (A-A') of the gasification chamber of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cross-section (B-B') of the combustion chamber flared gas inlet pipe of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a plasma-based gasification and incineration system for ship organic waste, as shown in Figure 1, including a pretreatment subsystem, a heat treatment subsystem, and an auxiliary subsystem, in which:
  • the pretreatment subsystem is used to classify and pretreat the organic waste to make it have the condition characteristics of the next heat treatment. It includes a crushing and pulverizing device and a grinding and pulping device.
  • the waste is crushed and crushed step by step, specifically, the solid organic waste is crushed into powder or floc with a particle size of 200 mesh or less, and carried by the powder feed pipe 2 into the heat treatment subsystem by air blowing; the grinding and pulping device It is used to grind high water-containing organic waste and make a suspension slurry.
  • the solid particles in the suspension slurry can pass through a 200-mesh standard sieve, and then the suspension slurry is misted by an air-assisted atomizing nozzle It is transformed into atomized droplets and sprayed into the heat treatment subsystem through the slurry feed pipe 3, and the average particle size of the atomized droplets is not greater than 150 ⁇ m.
  • the heat treatment subsystem is used to heat treat the pretreated organic waste, as shown in Figure 2, which includes a plasma torch 1, a gasification chamber 6, a combustion chamber 7, and an ash accumulation chamber 8, which are connected in sequence.
  • the plasma torch 1 is used to provide a heat source for the gasification chamber 6,
  • the gasification chamber 6 is used to thermally decompose the organic components in the organic waste into organic fragments, and the combustion chamber 7 is used to remove the organic fragments.
  • the ash accumulation chamber 8 is used to cool and divert the flue gas and ashes formed after the incineration of organic debris.
  • the plasma torch 1 is a high-voltage direct current non-transferred arc plasma torch, which generates a torch flame with a center temperature of 5000°C or more and sprays it horizontally in the gasification chamber 6, and the outer wall of the plasma torch 1 is cooled by circulating water cooling. And do insulation treatment.
  • the outer walls of the gasification chamber 6 and the combustion chamber 7 are provided with a heat-resistant layer, a thermal insulation layer, and a thermal insulation layer from the inside to the outside.
  • the heat-resistant layer material of the gasification chamber 6 is a special-grade refractory material with a temperature resistance of 3000°C to 5000°C
  • the heat-resistant layer material of the combustion chamber 7 is a high-grade refractory material with a temperature resistance of 1000°C to 2000°C.
  • the connecting end of the inner wall of the gasification chamber 6 and the combustion chamber 7 is a spiral necking, as shown in FIG. 3;
  • the connecting end of the combustion chamber 7 and the gasification chamber 6 is a flaring and gradually changes It is a straight barrel shape, and there are four vents evenly distributed at the flaring.
  • Each vent has an auxiliary gas inlet pipe 4 connected into the flaring at a certain cut angle, so that the opposite directions of the four auxiliary gas inlet pipes 4 form a spiral.
  • Type distribution, and its spiral direction is consistent with the spiral necking of the gasification chamber, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the inner wall of the ash accumulating chamber 8 is made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel, and the top of the ash accumulating chamber 8 is provided with a spray device to cool the incoming flue gas, and the flue gas and ashes are discharged through the channel under the ash accumulating chamber 8.
  • the auxiliary subsystem includes a power supply electronic control device, a gas supply device, and a circulating water cooling device, wherein the power supply electronic control device is used to provide the required power source for the pretreatment subsystem and the gas supply device, and for the plasma torch 1 Provide the required high-voltage direct current power supply; the gas supply device is used to provide the gas flow required for the feed to the pretreatment subsystem, to provide the plasma carrier for the plasma torch 1, and to provide the combustion chamber 7 with combustion-supporting gas; The circulating water cooling device is used to cool the plasma torch 1.
  • the ship’s domestic waste is classified into wet and dry types through the source.
  • the dry waste is mainly paper and plastic, and the wet waste is mainly food waste.
  • the dry waste collection channel leads to the crushing and crushing device, and the wet waste leads to the grinding and pulping device, and the odor overflows from the channel through the negative pressure treatment process in the device.
  • the dry and wet garbage processed by the crushing and pulverizing device and the grinding and pulping device respectively become flocculent powder and suspension slurry.
  • the flocculent powder is further transported by the introduced nitrogen gas stream to the powder feed pipe, and the suspension slurry is transported by the liquid pump.
  • the liquid slurry is conveyed in the feeding pipe, and is sprayed out from the atomizing nozzle by the nitrogen gas flow at the end. Dry and wet materials are sprayed into the gasification chamber connected to the plasma torch from two channels according to actual needs, and meet the nitrogen molecular plasma jet, gather at the spiral neck at the end of the gasification chamber, and quickly decompose after being heated and sprayed out of the gasification chamber .
  • the thermally decomposed organic molecular fragments After the thermally decomposed organic molecular fragments enter the combustion chamber from the gasification chamber, they meet the air in the flaring, burn rapidly at the high temperature carried, and further release heat, and complete the full combustion in the combustion chamber.
  • the flue gas and ashes produced by the combustion move further with the airflow, and are cooled by the atomized water at the ash accumulation chamber, and then fall into the lower outlet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于废弃物处置领域，并具体公开了一种基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统，其包括预处理子系统、热处理子系统、辅助子系统，其中：预处理子系统用于对有机废弃物进行预处理；热处理子系统包括依次连接的等离子炬、气化室、燃烧室、积灰室，等离子炬用于为气化室提供热源，气化室用于将预处理后的有机废弃物进行热分解成有机碎片，燃烧室用于将有机碎片进行焚烧，积灰室用于冷却和疏导有机碎片焚烧后的烟气和灰烬；辅助子系统包括电源电控装置、供气装置，用于为整个系统提供电力和供气。本发明充分利用等离子体处理有机废弃物的优势，通过结合预处理装置和气化室的优化，对于有机废弃物种类的适应性更广，热处理效率更高。

Description

一种基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统 【技术领域】
本发明属于废弃物处置领域，更具体地，涉及一种基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统。
【背景技术】
舰船上生活废弃物中有机废弃物占有极大比重，包括餐厨垃圾、纸张、纸箱、塑料、泡沫等，这些废弃物的快速、高效、无害化处置成为环境保护和健康生活的重要保障。
等离子体由大量正负带电粒子和中性粒子组成，是一种能量集中、具有高温、极高电热转换效率(85％以上)的热源，可以用于有机废弃物的热处置。等离子处理有机废弃物具有一定优势，如处置温度高、无害化彻底，处置速率快、减容率高，以及能量密度高、装置体积小，使其在处理生活废弃物时相较于其他技术具有独特优势。例如，可用于处理高氯含量的医疗废弃物，减少二噁英的产生，用于海军舰艇上生活垃圾的快速处置等。目前，还没有一种通过等离子体来快速、高效、无害化处置有机废弃物的系统。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求，本发明提供了一种基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统，其目的在于，充分利用等离子体处理有机废弃物的优势，通过结合预处理装置和气化室的优化，提升处理有机废弃物种类的广泛使用性以及气化焚烧处置水平。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出了一种基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统，包括预处理子系统、热处理子系统、辅助子系统，其中：
所述预处理子系统用于对有机废弃物进行分类预处理以使其具备热处理的条件特性；
所述热处理子系统用于对预处理后的有机废弃物进行热处理，其包括依次连接的等离子炬、气化室、燃烧室、积灰室，其中，所述等离子炬用于为所述气化室提供热源，所述气化室用于将有机废弃物中的有机组分进行热分解成为有机碎片，所述燃烧室用于将有机碎片进行焚烧，所述积灰室用于冷却和疏导有机碎片焚烧后形成的烟气和灰烬；
所述辅助子系统包括电源电控装置、供气装置，其中，所述电源电控装置用于为所述预处理子系统、供气装置以及等离子炬提供电源，所述供气装置用于为所述预处理子系统提供进料所需气流，为所述等离子炬提供等离子载体，以及为所述燃烧室提供助燃气体。
作为进一步优选的，所述预处理子系统包括破碎粉碎装置、研磨制浆装置，其中，所述破碎粉碎装置用于对固体有机废弃物进行逐级破碎粉碎，所述研磨制浆装置用于对含水有机废弃物进行研磨、制成悬浊液浆。
作为进一步优选的，所述研磨制浆装置和气化室间设置有气流辅助雾化喷嘴，该气流辅助雾化喷嘴用于将悬浊液浆雾化为雾化液滴并喷入气化室中，该雾化液滴平均粒径不大于150μm。
作为进一步优选的，所述等离子炬为高压直流非转移弧等离子炬，其产生中心温度5000℃以上的炬焰，并水平喷射在所述气化室中。
作为进一步优选的，所述气化室和燃烧室的外壁由内而外均设置有耐热层、保温层、隔热层。
作为进一步优选的，所述气化室耐热层材料的耐受温度为3000℃～5000℃，所述燃烧室耐热层材料的耐受温度为1000℃～2000℃。
作为进一步优选的，所述气化室内壁与所述燃烧室连接端为螺旋式缩口。
作为进一步优选的，所述燃烧室与所述气化室连接端为扩口并逐步变 为平直桶形，扩口处均匀分布有四个通气口，每个通气口处有一助燃气进气管呈一定切角连入扩口内，使四个助燃气进气管所对方向成螺旋式分布，且其螺旋方向与气化室螺旋式缩口一致。
作为进一步优选的，所述积灰室内壁为不锈钢材质，且积灰室顶部设有喷雾装置以对进入的烟气进行降温。
作为进一步优选的，所述辅助子系统还包括循环水冷装置，该循环水冷装置用于对等离子炬进行冷却降温。
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，主要具备以下的技术优点：
1.本发明充分利用等离子体处理有机废弃物的优势，通过结合预处理装置和气化室的优化，对于有机废弃物种类的适应性更广，热处理效率更高。
2.本发明结合破碎粉碎以及研磨制浆设备，将不同特点的有机废弃物引向等离子炬焰，改善有机废弃物适用性，其所适用的有机废弃物的种类更多，预处理更为简便；高含水有机废弃物如餐厨垃圾通过预处理可直接通入热处理装置实现处置，无需干化流程。
3.本发明通过预处理以及气化室的螺旋缩口设计，强化有机废弃物与等离子炬焰的接触过程，并通过燃烧室通入助燃气的旋风式通入，提高燃烧效率，降低污染排放。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明实施例基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例热处理装置结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例气化室螺旋缩口截面(A-A’)示意图；
图4为本发明实施例燃烧室扩口横截面(B-B’)助燃气进气管示意图。
在所有附图中，相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或结构，其中：1-等离子炬，2-粉末进料管，3-液浆进料管，4-助燃气进气管，6-气化室， 7-燃烧室，8-积灰室。
【具体实施方式】
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
本发明实施例提供的一种基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统，如图1所示，包括预处理子系统、热处理子系统、辅助子系统，其中：
所述预处理子系统用于对有机废弃物进行分类预处理以使其具备下一步热处理的条件特性，其包括破碎粉碎装置、研磨制浆装置，其中，所述破碎粉碎装置用于对固体有机废弃物进行逐级破碎粉碎，具体将固体有机废弃物粉碎成为200目以下颗粒粒径的粉末或絮状，并通过气流吹拂携带由粉末进料管2进入热处理子系统；所述研磨制浆装置用于对高含水有机废弃物进行研磨、制成悬浊液浆，具体使悬浮液浆中固体颗粒粒径可通过200目标准筛孔，然后通过气流辅助雾化喷嘴将将悬浊液浆雾化为雾化液滴，并经由液浆进料管3喷入热处理子系统中，该雾化液滴平均粒径不大于150μm。
所述热处理子系统用于对预处理后的有机废弃物进行热处理，如图2所示，其包括依次连接的等离子炬1、气化室6、燃烧室7、积灰室8，其中，所述等离子炬1用于为所述气化室6提供热源，所述气化室6用于将有机废弃物中的有机组分进行热分解成为有机碎片，所述燃烧室7用于将有机碎片进行焚烧，所述积灰室8用于冷却和疏导有机碎片焚烧后形成的烟气和灰烬。
优选的，所述等离子炬1为高压直流非转移弧等离子炬，其产生中心 温度5000℃以上的炬焰，并水平喷射在所述气化室6中，等离子炬1外壁通过循环水冷进行降温，并做绝缘处理。
优选的，所述气化室6和燃烧室7的外壁由内而外均设置有耐热层、保温层、隔热层。所述气化室6耐热层材料的耐受温度为3000℃～5000℃的特级耐火材料，所述燃烧室7耐热层材料的耐受温度为1000℃～2000℃的高级耐火材料。
优选的，所述气化室6内壁与所述燃烧室7连接端为螺旋式缩口，如图3所示；所述燃烧室7与所述气化室6连接端为扩口并逐步变为平直桶形，扩口处均匀分布有四个通气口，每个通气口处有一助燃气进气管4呈一定切角连入扩口内，使四个助燃气进气管4所对方向成螺旋式分布，且其螺旋方向与气化室螺旋式缩口一致，如图4所示。
优选的，所述积灰室8内壁为耐腐蚀不锈钢材质，且积灰室8顶部设有喷雾装置以对进入的烟气进行降温，烟气和灰烬通过积灰室8下方通道排出。
所述辅助子系统包括电源电控装置、供气装置、循环水冷装置，其中，所述电源电控装置用于为所述预处理子系统、供气装置提供所需动力电源，以及为等离子炬1提供所需高压直流电源；所述供气装置用于为所述预处理子系统提供进料所需气流，为所述等离子炬1提供等离子载体，以及为所述燃烧室7提供助燃气体；所述循环水冷装置用于对等离子炬1进行冷却降温。
上述舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统工作时，将舰船生活垃圾通过源头分类为干湿两类，干垃圾主要为纸张、塑料，湿垃圾主要为餐厨垃圾。通过源头控制，将以上垃圾中的金属、玻璃等不易破碎内容去除，进而分别倒入干湿两类垃圾的收集通道。干垃圾收集通道通入破碎粉碎装置，湿垃圾通入研磨制浆装置，装置内通过负压放置处理过程臭气从通道溢出。经过破碎粉碎装置和研磨制浆装置分别处理的干湿垃圾成为絮状粉末以及 悬浊液浆，絮状粉末进一步通过引入的氮气气流携带延粉末进料管输送，悬浊液浆通过液泵在液浆进料管中进行输送，并在末端通过氮气气流协助由雾化喷嘴喷出。干湿物料按实际需要从两个通道分别喷入连接等离子炬的气化室，并与氮气分子等离子体射流相遇，在气化室末端螺旋缩口处聚拢，快速受热分解后喷出气化室。受热分解的有机分子碎片从气化室进入燃烧室后，在扩口处与通入的空气相遇，在携带的高温下迅速燃烧，并进一步释放热量，并在燃烧室内完成充分燃烧。燃烧产生的烟气及灰烬随气流进一步移动，在积灰室处经过雾化水冷降温，并落入下方出口。
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统，其特征在于，包括预处理子系统、热处理子系统、辅助子系统，其中：
    所述预处理子系统用于对有机废弃物进行分类预处理以使其具备热处理的条件特性；
    所述热处理子系统用于对预处理后的有机废弃物进行热处理，其包括依次连接的等离子炬(1)、气化室(6)、燃烧室(7)、积灰室(8)，其中，所述等离子炬(1)用于为所述气化室(6)提供热源，所述气化室(6)用于将有机废弃物中的有机组分进行热分解成为有机碎片，所述燃烧室(7)用于将有机碎片进行焚烧，所述积灰室(8)用于冷却和疏导有机碎片焚烧后形成的烟气和灰烬；
    所述辅助子系统包括电源电控装置、供气装置，其中，所述电源电控装置用于为所述预处理子系统、供气装置以及等离子炬(1)提供电源，所述供气装置用于为所述预处理子系统提供进料所需气流，为所述等离子炬(1)提供等离子载体，以及为所述燃烧室(7)提供助燃气体。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统，其特征在于，所述预处理子系统包括破碎粉碎装置、研磨制浆装置，其中，所述破碎粉碎装置用于对固体有机废弃物进行逐级破碎粉碎，所述研磨制浆装置用于对含水有机废弃物进行研磨、制成悬浊液浆。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统，其特征在于，所述研磨制浆装置和气化室(6)间设置有气流辅助雾化喷嘴，该气流辅助雾化喷嘴用于将悬浊液浆雾化为雾化液滴并喷入气化室(6)中，该雾化液滴平均粒径不大于150μm。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统，其特征在于，所述等离子炬(1)为高压直流非转移弧等离子炬，其 产生中心温度5000℃以上的炬焰，并水平喷射在所述气化室(6)中。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统，其特征在于，所述气化室(6)和燃烧室(7)的外壁由内而外均设置有耐热层、保温层、隔热层。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统，其特征在于，所述气化室(6)耐热层材料的耐受温度为3000℃～5000℃，所述燃烧室(7)耐热层材料的耐受温度为1000℃～2000℃。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统，其特征在于，所述气化室(6)内壁与所述燃烧室(7)连接端为螺旋式缩口。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统，其特征在于，所述燃烧室(7)与所述气化室(6)连接端为扩口并逐步变为平直桶形，扩口处均匀分布有四个通气口，每个通气口处有一助燃气进气管(4)呈一定切角连入扩口内，使四个助燃气进气管(4)所对方向成螺旋式分布，且其螺旋方向与气化室螺旋式缩口一致。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统，其特征在于，所述积灰室(8)内壁为不锈钢材质，且积灰室(8)顶部设有喷雾装置以对进入的烟气进行降温。
  10. 如权利要求1-9任一项所述的基于等离子体的舰船有机废弃物气化焚烧处理系统，其特征在于，所述辅助子系统还包括循环水冷装置，该循环水冷装置用于对等离子炬(1)进行冷却降温。
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