WO2021248834A1 - 聚碳酸酯组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

聚碳酸酯组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2021248834A1
WO2021248834A1 PCT/CN2020/130128 CN2020130128W WO2021248834A1 WO 2021248834 A1 WO2021248834 A1 WO 2021248834A1 CN 2020130128 W CN2020130128 W CN 2020130128W WO 2021248834 A1 WO2021248834 A1 WO 2021248834A1
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polycarbonate composition
polycarbonate
ion antibacterial
antibacterial agent
parts
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PCT/CN2020/130128
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French (fr)
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岑茵
陈勇文
黄险波
叶南飚
艾军伟
李明昆
丁超
王培涛
吴俊�
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金发科技股份有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C08K13/06—Pretreated ingredients and ingredients covered by the main groups C08K3/00 - C08K7/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
    • C08K3/015—Biocides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0091—Complexes with metal-heteroatom-bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • C08K5/18—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds with aromatically bound amino groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
    • C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
    • C08K5/524—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3
    • C08K5/526—Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3 with hydroxyaryl compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C08K9/12—Adsorbed ingredients, e.g. ingredients on carriers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of polymer materials, in particular to a polycarbonate composition and a preparation method thereof.
  • the polycarbonate composition relates to the technical field of engineering plastics, in particular to the field of shell materials in contact with the human body.
  • Polycarbonate compositions can be applied in the automotive, electronic and electrical, communication industries, construction industries, etc., especially for the electronic and electrical industries.
  • the material In the scene of direct or indirect contact with the human body, the material has the opportunity to meet the health requirements and safety requirements.
  • a certain degree of antibacterial and mildew resistance while ensuring its own excellent mechanical properties, appearance quality and processing performance, to ensure the best performance during the service cycle.
  • metal ion antibacterial agents and organic antifungal agents such as phenols containing bromine or chlorine
  • Metal ions are easily discolored at high temperatures (such as zinc ion antibacterial agents), and organic small molecules
  • the anti-mold agent is prone to self-degradation and failure in the high temperature process. Therefore, how to maintain sufficient stability when the injection temperature is higher than 250 °C is the current technical difficulty in anti-mold and antibacterial. Modification of polycarbonate with high processing temperature It is especially important in that it will basically cause discoloration, causing degradation of the resin matrix and degradation of mechanical properties.
  • Chinese patent application CN109749391A discloses an antibacterial polycarbonate composite material, which uses nano-oxide to improve the dispersion effect of silver ions, while adding hydroxyl and alkyl branched siloxane polymers and/or The hydroxyl and phenyl branched siloxane polymer is used as a color stabilizer, so that the polycarbonate composite material has good color stability and antibacterial properties.
  • the continuous anti-fungal effect of the antifungal agent applied to this system remains to be verified.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a polycarbonate composition, which has the advantages of good bacteriostasis, mildew resistance and stability, and at the same time good mechanical properties, and multiple melt processing will not cause the metal particles in the matrix to oxidize and cause the color to darken.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above polycarbonate composition.
  • a polycarbonate composition in parts by weight, comprising the following components:
  • the content of silver ions and/or zinc ions is 100-1200 ppm, wherein the silver ions are derived from the silver ion antibacterial agent, and the zinc ions are derived from the zinc ion antibacterial agent.
  • the polycarbonate resin of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be a branched thermoplastic polymer obtained by the reaction of a dihydroxy compound or a small amount of polyhydroxy compound with phosgene or carbonic acid diester Or copolymer.
  • the production method of the polycarbonate resin is not particularly limited, and the polycarbonate resin produced by the hitherto known phosgene method (interfacial polymerization method) or melting method (transesterification method) can be used.
  • bisphenol A 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane
  • tetramethylbisphenol A bis(4-hydroxybenzene) Yl)-p-diisopropylbenzene
  • hydroquinone resorcinol
  • 4,4-dihydroxydiphenyl etc.
  • Compounds in which at least one tetraalkylphosphonium sulfonate is bonded to the aforementioned aromatic dihydroxy compound can also be used.
  • the polycarbonate resin may also be a copolymer in which the main composition is an aromatic polycarbonate resin, for example, a copolymer with a siloxane structure-containing polymer or oligomer.
  • a copolymer with a siloxane structure-containing polymer or oligomer may be used.
  • Monovalent aromatic hydroxy compounds can be used to adjust the molecular weight of polycarbonate resins, for example, m-cresol, p-cresol, m-propyl phenol, p-propyl phenol, p-tert-butyl phenol and p-(long-chain alkyl )-Substituted phenol.
  • the present invention has no particular limitation on the production method of the polycarbonate resin, and the polycarbonate resin produced by the phosgene method (interfacial polymerization method) or the melting method (transesterification method) can be used.
  • the polycarbonate resin is also provided by subjecting a polycarbonate resin produced by a melting method to a post-treatment for adjusting the amount of terminal hydroxyl groups.
  • the polycarbonate resin is selected from bisphenol A type linear aromatic polycarbonates, with a melt index of 0.5-40 g/10 min, conditions of 1.2 kg, and 300°C.
  • the zinc ion antibacterial agent is selected from glass carrier zinc ion antibacterial agents;
  • the silver ion antibacterial agent is selected from glass carrier silver ion antibacterial agents.
  • the prior art mainly adopts zeolite-type carriers, which can easily cause discoloration of zeolite in melt processing engineering in this field.
  • the glass carrier is used to ensure color stability.
  • the glass-supported zinc ion antibacterial agent is further preferred.
  • the antibacterial effect of silver ion antibacterial agent is better than zinc ion antibacterial agent in theory, zinc ion antibacterial agent is more difficult to be oxidized and discolored, and is more suitable for high light transmittance and antibacterial properties under repeated processing.
  • the imidazole metal salt antifungal agent is selected from at least one of copper imidazole quinoline, copper benzimidazole quinoline, and copper imidazole acrylate.
  • the carbonyl condensate of the amine is selected from N,N'-di-salicylidene-1,2-propanediamine, N,N'-di-salicylidene-1,3-propanediamine, tris(4- At least one of carboxyphenyl)amine condensate and 5-carboxy-2-adamantamine.
  • the presence of the carbonyl condensate of amine can inhibit the oxidation of metal particles in the resin matrix at high temperatures, thereby inhibiting the color of the resin from becoming darker during repeated melt processing.
  • the tris(4-carboxyphenyl)amine condensate may be tris(4-carboxyphenyl)amine phenyl ester.
  • the carbonyl condensate of the amine is selected from the group consisting of N,N'-di-salicylidene-1,2-propanediamine and N,N'-di-salicylidene-1,3-propanediamine At least one.
  • phosphate antioxidants In parts by weight, 0-2 parts of at least one of the phosphate antioxidants are also included. Compared with other types of antioxidants, phosphate ester antioxidants themselves do not bring the risk of staining. At the same time, phosphate esters are stable to the decomposition of peroxides generated during processing in the antioxidant mechanism, which is useful for inhibiting resins. The oxidation effect of the metal ions in the matrix is better, and the color protection of the composition is good.
  • the preparation method of the above polycarbonate composition includes the following steps: after mixing the polycarbonate resin, silver ion antibacterial agent and/or zinc ion antibacterial agent, imidazole metal salt antifungal agent, and amine carbonyl condensate uniformly, pass The twin-screw extruder is extruded and pelletized (screw temperature range is 260-280° C., rotation speed range is 300-600 rpm) to obtain a polycarbonate composition.
  • the resin matrix has antibacterial and antifungal effects.
  • the addition of amine carbonyl condensate can not only inhibit the oxidation and discoloration of metal ions in the resin matrix during repeated high temperature processing, maintain high light transmittance and mechanical properties (high temperature processing toughness retention), but also improve antibacterial/ Anti-mildew effect.
  • phosphate ester antioxidants are used as processing aids, which can inhibit the oxidation and discoloration of metal ions during the melting process compared to other types of antioxidants. Under the synergy of the above-mentioned effects, the obtained polycarbonate composition has excellent antibacterial and antifungal effects, good mechanical properties, stable color, and can be repeatedly melt-processed.
  • Polycarbonate S-2000F, Japan Mitsubishi, bisphenol A type linear aromatic polycarbonate, melt index 10g/10min, condition 1.2kg, 300°C;
  • Silver ion antibacterial agent A glass carrier, silver ion content is 20wt%.
  • Silver ion antibacterial agent B Zeolite carrier, silver ion content is 10wt%.
  • Zinc ion antibacterial agent glass carrier, zinc ion content is 12wt%.
  • Imidazole copper acrylate commercially available.
  • N,N'-di-salicylidene-1,2-propanediamine commercially available.
  • N,N'-di-salicylidene-1,3-propanediamine commercially available.
  • Tris(4-carboxyphenyl)amine condensate commercially available, tris(4-carboxyphenyl)amine phenyl ester.
  • Antioxidant phosphate ester antioxidant, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite.
  • the preparation method of the polycarbonate composition of the Examples and Comparative Examples After mixing the polycarbonate resin, the silver ion antibacterial agent and/or the zinc ion antibacterial agent, the imidazole metal salt antifungal agent, and the carbonyl condensate of amine, the mixture is uniformly mixed and passed through the double The screw extruder is extruded and pelletized (the screw temperature range is 260-280° C., and the rotation speed range is 400-500 rpm) to obtain a polycarbonate composition.
  • High temperature processing toughness Test the impact strength of 3.0mm IZOD notch according to ASTM D256 standard; the type of notch is injection notch, where the injection temperature is 280°C and 320°C; the impact strength of injection molding according to 320°C is compared with the injection strength of 280°C
  • the retention rate indicates that the toughness of the part is guaranteed during the melt processing. The higher the retention rate, the better the processing toughness;
  • Light transmittance is an important technical indicator of many optical products.
  • the sensor detects the incident light intensity of the light source and the light intensity after passing through the measured substance, and the ratio of the transmitted light intensity to the incident light intensity. It is the transmittance.
  • 3.0mm samples at 280°C and 300°C, respectively, the optical performance of the parts during the melt processing is explained based on the retention rate of the light transmittance of the template injected at 320°C compared with the injection molding at 280°C. Keep the better
  • Mildew resistance Refer to 24128-2018/ISO 16869:2008, the evaluation is divided into 0-2 grades: 0 means no growth, 1 means initial growth (compared with the rest of the agar surface), and 2 means obvious Growth and production of spores.
  • ICP standard curve extrapolation method the determination of Ag/Zn content in polycarbonate composite material is carried out by optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES), in order to determine the total Ag/Zn content, weigh 2g of the polycarbonate composite material to be tested, treat it with 5ml nitric acid and stir for trial production to dissolve, and add the solution to 100ml, perform ICP standard curve extrapolation method to calculate the total Ag/Zn content.
  • ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma
  • X in the following table represents the source of silver ions or zinc ions in the examples and comparative examples.
  • the polycarbonate can be controlled by controlling the amount of silver ion antibacterial agents and/or zinc ion antibacterial agents in the polycarbonate composite materials of the examples and comparative examples.
  • the content of silver ions and/or zinc ions in the ester composite material, and the accurate content of silver ions and/or zinc ions is detected by the above method.
  • Table 1 The distribution ratios (parts by weight) of the polycarbonate compositions of Examples 1-5 and the performance test results
  • the metal ion antibacterial agent using a glass carrier not only has high light transmittance, but also has better processing performance. More preferred is a glass-supported zinc ion antibacterial agent.
  • Table 2 The distribution ratios (parts by weight) of the polycarbonate compositions of Examples 6-8 and the performance test results
  • Table 3 Distribution ratio (parts by weight) and performance test results of each group of the polycarbonate composition of the comparative example
  • Comparative Examples 1-4 that the carbonyl condensate of amine needs to cooperate with the imidazole metal salt antifungal agent to significantly inhibit the oxidation of metal particles in the resin matrix at high temperatures, thereby inhibiting the repeated melt processing of the resin
  • the middle color becomes darker and maintains high light transmittance.
  • the polycarbonate composition of Comparative Example 4 had already begun to degrade during the test of high-temperature processing toughness, and therefore had poor performance.
  • Comparative Example 5/6 It can be seen from Comparative Example 5/6 that the amount of zinc ion antibacterial agent and copper imidazoquinoline added is low. Although the processing performance and light transmittance are excellent, the antibacterial and antifungal effects are not up to standard. Too much zinc ion antibacterial agent and imidazole metal salt antifungal agent are added, and the material is degraded during the test of high temperature processing toughness, resulting in high temperature processing toughness and poor thermal retention color stability. Oxidized and discolored metal ions also lead to light transmittance. Decrease, especially the antibacterial and anti-mildew effects are not up to standard.

Abstract

一种聚碳酸酯组合物，按重量份计，包括以下组分：聚碳酸酯树脂70-90份；咪唑金属盐类防霉剂0.1-2份；胺的羰基缩合物0.05-2份；基于聚碳酸酯组合物的总质量，银离子和/或锌离子的含量为100-1200ppm，其中，银离子来源于银离子抗菌剂，锌离子来源于锌离子抗菌剂。通过加入一定量的胺的羰基缩合物能够抑制树脂基体中的金属粒子在高温下的氧化，从而抑制树脂在反复的熔融加工过程中颜色变深，而且保证多次加工后的力学性能的稳定与透光率。

Description

[根据细则37.2由ISA制定的发明名称]　聚碳酸酯组合物及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域，特别是涉及一种聚碳酸酯组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚碳酸酯组合物涉及工程塑料技术领域，尤其涉及和人体接触的外壳材料领域。聚碳酸酯组合物可以应用的领域是汽车，电子电气，通讯行业，建筑行业等，尤其针对电子电气行业，在直接或者间接和人体接触的场景，针对卫生要求和安全要求的契机下，材料具有一定的抑制抗菌防霉性，同时保证自身优异的机械性能，外观质量以及加工性能，保证服役周期内的性能最佳。
技术领域所知，目前常用的是金属离子抗菌剂，以及有机类型的防霉剂(如含有溴或者氯的苯酚类)，金属离子在高温下容易变色(如锌离子抗菌剂)，有机小分子防霉剂在高温过程中容易自身降解发生失效，因此如何在注塑温度高于250℃的情况下保持足够的稳定性，是目前防霉抗菌的技术难点，在加工温度高的聚碳酸酯改性中尤其重要，基本上会出现变色，引起树脂基体降解，机械性能下降。
中国专利申请CN109749391A公开了一种抗菌聚碳酸酯复合材料，其中采用了通过加入纳米氧化物提高银离子的分散效果，同时加入含羟基和烷基支链的硅氧烷类聚合物和/或含羟基和苯基支链的硅氧烷高分子聚合物作为颜色稳定剂，使该聚碳酸酯复合材料具有良好的颜色稳定性和抗菌性。但是，防霉剂应用于该体系后的持续防霉效果有待考证。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种聚碳酸酯组合物，具有抑菌、防霉好并且稳定的优点，同时力学性能好，多次熔融加工不会造成基体内金属粒子氧化而导致颜色变深。
本发明的另一目的在于，提供上述聚碳酸酯组合物的制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种聚碳酸酯组合物，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
聚碳酸酯树脂             70-90份；
咪唑金属盐类防霉剂       0.1-2份；
胺的羰基缩合物           0.05-2份；
基于聚碳酸酯组合物的总质量，银离子和/或锌离子的含量为100-1200ppm，其中，银离子来源于银离子抗菌剂，锌离子来源于锌离子抗菌剂。
聚碳酸酯树脂：本发明的聚碳酸酯树脂没有特别的限制，可为由二羟基化合物或其和少量的多羟基化合物与光气(phosgene)或碳酸二酯的反应获得的支化热塑性聚合物或共聚物。不特别限制聚碳酸酯树脂的生产方法，并且可使用由迄今为止已知的光气法(界面聚合法)或熔融法(酯交换法)生产的聚碳酸酯树脂。优选的芳族二羟基化合物为原料二羟基化合物，且可示例为2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷(＝双酚A)、四甲基双酚A、双(4-羟苯基)-对-二异丙基苯、对苯二酚、间苯二酚、4,4-二羟基二苯等，其中优选双酚A。还可使用其中至少一个四烷基磺酸膦(tetraalkylphosphonium sulfonate)结合至前述芳族二羟基化合物的化合物。聚碳酸酯树脂还可为其中主要组成为芳族聚碳酸酯树脂的共聚物，例如，与含硅氧烷结构的聚合物或低聚物的共聚物。此外，可使用两种或更多种的上述聚碳酸酯树脂的混合物。一元芳族羟基化合物可用于调整聚碳酸酯树脂的分子量，例如，间甲基苯酚、对甲基苯酚、间丙基苯酚、对丙基苯酚、对叔丁基苯酚和对-(长链烷基)-取代酚。
本发明对聚碳酸酯树脂的生产方法没有特别限制，且可使用由光气法(界面聚合法)或熔融法(酯交换法)生产的聚碳酸酯树脂。聚碳酸酯树脂还通过由熔融法生产的聚碳酸酯树脂进行调节末端羟基的量的后处理来提供。
优选的，所述的聚碳酸酯树脂选自双酚A型线性芳香族聚碳酸酯，熔融指数为0.5-40g/10min，条件1.2kg，300℃。
优选的，所述的锌离子抗菌剂选自玻璃载体锌离子抗菌剂；
优选的，所述的银离子抗菌剂选自玻璃载体银离子抗菌剂。
现有技术主要采用沸石类的载体，在本领域的熔融加工工程中也容易导致沸石的变色。采用玻璃载体，更能够保证颜色稳定。
更优选的，玻璃载体锌离子抗菌剂与玻璃载体银离子抗菌剂中进一步优选玻璃载体锌离子抗菌剂。银离子抗菌剂虽然理论上抑菌效果优于锌离子抗菌剂，但是锌离子抗菌剂较难被氧化变色，更适于重复的加工下保存高透光率与抗菌性。
所述的咪唑金属盐类防霉剂选自咪唑喹啉铜、苯并咪唑喹啉铜、咪唑丙烯酸铜中的至少一种。
由于所添加的抗菌剂与防霉剂都含有一定量的金属离子，这些金属粒子在加工过程中的高温条件下易于被氧化而颜色变深，经多次加工后容易造成力学等性能的下降。所述的胺的羰基缩合物选自N,N’-二水杨叉-1,2-丙二胺、N,N’-二水杨叉-1,3-丙二胺、三(4-羧基苯基)胺缩合物、5-羧基-2-金刚烷胺中的至少一种。胺的羰基缩合物的存在能够抑制树脂基体中金属粒子在高温下的氧化，从而抑制树脂在反复的熔融加工过程中颜色变深。
具体的，三(4-羧基苯基)胺缩合物可以是三(4-羧基苯基)胺苯基酯。
优选的，所述的胺的羰基缩合物选自N,N’-二水杨叉-1,2-丙二胺、N,N’-二水杨叉-1,3-丙二胺中的至少一种。
通过实验发现，一般胺的羰基缩合物的加入量达到0.2份即可具有明显的抑制金属离子氧化变色的作用。随着金属离子添加量的提升，胺的羰基缩合物的加入量也需要随之提升，可以是0.5份、0.8份、1.0份、1.5份，当树脂基体中的金属离子来源不限于抗菌剂与防霉剂时，需要进一步增加胺的羰基缩合物的用量。
按重量份计，还包括0-2份的磷酸酯类抗氧剂中的至少一种。相比于其他类型的抗氧剂，磷酸酯类抗氧剂自身不会带来色污的风险，同时磷酸酯在抗氧机理中在加工过程中对生成的过氧化物分解稳定，对于抑制树脂基体内的金属离子氧化的效果更好，对组合物的颜色保护性好。
上述的聚碳酸酯组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：聚碳酸酯树脂、银离子抗菌剂和/或锌离子抗菌剂、咪唑金属盐类防霉剂、胺的羰基缩合物混合均匀后，通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒(螺杆温度范围是260-280℃，转速范围是300-600rpm)，得到聚碳酸酯组合物。
本发明具有如下有益效果
本发明通过添加抗菌剂与咪唑金属盐类防霉剂，使树脂基体具有抑菌和防霉效果。再通过加入胺的羰基缩合物，不仅能够抑制反复的高温加工过程中树脂基体中金属离子的氧化变色，保持高透光率与力学性能(高温加工韧性保持率高)，而且还能够提升抗菌/防霉效果。进一步的，选用磷酸酯类抗氧剂作为加工助剂，相比于其他种类的抗氧剂能够抑制在加工熔融过程中金属离子的氧化变色。在上述效应的协同之下，得到的聚碳酸酯组合物具有优秀的抑菌和防霉效果，并且力学性能好，颜色稳定，能够反复多次的熔融加工。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
聚碳酸酯：S-2000F，日本三菱，双酚A型线性芳香族聚碳酸酯，熔融指数为10g/10min，条件1.2kg，300℃；
银离子抗菌剂A：玻璃载体，银离子含量为20wt％。
银离子抗菌剂B：沸石载体，银离子含量为10wt％。
锌离子抗菌剂：玻璃载体，锌离子含量为12wt％。
咪唑喹啉铜：市售。
咪唑丙烯酸铜：市售。
其他防霉剂：五氯苯酚
N,N’-二水杨叉-1,2-丙二胺：市售。
N,N’-二水杨叉-1,3-丙二胺：市售。
三(4-羧基苯基)胺缩合物：市售，三(4-羧基苯基)胺苯基酯。
5-羧基-2-金刚烷胺：市售。
抗氧剂：磷酸酯类抗氧剂，亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁苯基)酯。
实施例和对比例聚碳酸酯组合物的制备方法：聚碳酸酯树脂、银离子抗菌剂和/或锌离子抗菌剂、咪唑金属盐类防霉剂、胺的羰基缩合物混合均匀后，通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒(螺杆温度范围是260-280℃，转速范围是400-500rpm)，得到聚碳酸酯组合物。
各项性能测试方法：
(1)高温加工韧性：根据ASTM D256标准下测试3.0mmIZOD缺口冲击强度；缺口类型为注塑缺口，其中注塑温度为280℃和320℃；根据320℃注塑的冲击强度与280℃的注塑强度相比的保持率，说明在熔融加工过程中制件韧性的保证，保持率越高，加工韧性越好；
(2)透光率：透光率是许多光学产品的一个重要的技术指标感应器分别探测光源的入射光强和透过被测物质后的光强，透过光强与入射光强的比值即为透过率，通过分别在280℃和300℃注塑3.0mm的样板，根据320℃注塑的样板透光率与280℃的注塑相比的保持率，说明在熔融加工过程中制件光学性能保持越好；
(3)热滞留颜色稳定性：在设定的注塑工艺下，注塑温度固定为300℃，将注塑机的熔程设置到MAX后进行熔融储料后开始射出5块样板作为色差对照，在此条件下注塑机螺杆不后退保持10min后再射出5块样板，厚度均为3.0mm，通过色板色差颜色变化来判断热滞留颜色稳定性，色差大于6则为很严重，色差大于2小于6则为较一般，色差小于2则为优秀。
(4)抗菌性：参照2911-1992GB/T
(5)防霉性：参照24128-2018/ISO 16869:2008，评价分为0-2级：0级表示没有生长，1级表示初期生长(与其余的琼脂表面相比)，2级表示明显生长和产生孢子。
(6)银/锌离子含量：ICP标准曲线外推法，将聚碳酸酯复合材料中Ag/Zn含量的测定通过具有感应耦合等离子体(ICP-OES)的光学发射光谱进行，为了测定总的Ag/Zn含量，称量2g待测聚碳酸酯复合材料，用5ml硝酸处理并搅拌试制溶解，并将该溶液补充至100ml，进 行ICP标准曲线外推法计算出总Ag/Zn含量。
以下表格中“X”表示实施例与对比例中银离子或锌离子的来源，通过控制实施例和对比例聚碳酸酯复合材料中银离子抗菌剂和/或锌离子抗菌剂的加入量来控制聚碳酸酯复合材料中银离子和/或锌离子的含量，并通过上述方法检测得到银离子和/或锌离子的准确含量。
表1：实施例1-5聚碳酸酯组合物各组分配比(重量份)及各性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2020130128-appb-000001
从实施例1-3可知，采用玻璃载体的金属离子抗菌剂，不仅透光率高，而且加工性能更好。更优选玻璃载体锌离子抗菌剂。
表2：实施例6-8聚碳酸酯组合物各组分配比(重量份)及各性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2020130128-appb-000002
由实施例3/6/7/8可知，优选N,N’-二水杨叉-1,2-丙二胺和N,N’-二水杨叉-1,3-丙二胺。
表3：对比例聚碳酸酯组合物各组分配比(重量份)及各性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2020130128-appb-000003
由对比例1-4可知，胺的羰基缩合物需要与咪唑金属盐类防霉剂协同之下才明显具有抑制树脂基体中的金属粒子在高温下的氧化，从而抑制树脂在反复的熔融加工过程中颜色变深，进而保持高的透光率。对比例4的聚碳酸酯组合物在测试高温加工韧性的过程中已经开始降解，因此性能很差。
由对比例5/6可知，锌离子抗菌剂与咪唑喹啉铜加入量低，虽然加工性能、透光率优秀，但是抗菌与防霉效果不达标。锌离子抗菌剂与咪唑金属盐类防霉剂加入过多，材料在测试高温加工韧性的过程中发生降解，导致高温加工韧性、热滞留颜色稳定性差，氧化变色的金属离子也导致透光率的下降，特别是抗菌与防霉效果也不达标。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种聚碳酸酯组合物，其特征在于，按重量份计，包括以下组分：
    聚碳酸酯树脂             70-90份；
    咪唑金属盐类防霉剂       0.1-2份；
    胺的羰基缩合物           0.05-2份；
    基于聚碳酸酯组合物的总质量，银离子和/或锌离子的含量为100-1200ppm，其中，银离子来源于银离子抗菌剂，锌离子来源于锌离子抗菌剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的聚碳酸酯组合物，其特征在于，所述的锌离子抗菌剂选自玻璃载体锌离子抗菌剂；所述的银离子抗菌剂选自玻璃载体银离子抗菌剂。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的聚碳酸酯组合物，其特征在于，优选玻璃载体锌离子抗菌剂。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的聚碳酸酯组合物，其特征在于，所述的咪唑金属盐类防霉剂选自咪唑喹啉铜、苯并咪唑喹啉铜、咪唑丙烯酸铜中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的聚碳酸酯组合物，其特征在于，所述的胺的羰基缩合物选自N,N’-二水杨叉-1,2-丙二胺、N,N’-二水杨叉-1,3-丙二胺、三(4-羧基苯基)胺缩合物、5-羧基-2-金刚烷胺中的至少一种。
  6. 根据权利要求6所述的聚碳酸酯组合物，其特征在于，所述的三(4-羧基苯基)胺缩合物选自三(4-羧基苯基)胺苯基酯。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的聚碳酸酯组合物，其特征在于，所述的胺的羰基缩合物选自N,N’-二水杨叉-1,2-丙二胺、N,N’-二水杨叉-1,3-丙二胺中的至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的聚碳酸酯组合物，其特征在于，所述的聚碳酸酯树脂选自双酚A型线性芳香族聚碳酸酯，熔融指数为0.5-40g/10min，条件1.2kg，300℃。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的聚碳酸酯组合物，其特征在于，按重量份计，还包括0-2份的磷酸酯类抗氧剂中的至少一种。
  10. 权利要求1-9任一项所述的聚碳酸酯组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：聚碳酸酯树脂、银离子抗菌剂和/或锌离子抗菌剂、咪唑金属盐类防霉剂、胺的羰基缩合物混合均匀后，通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒(螺杆温度范围是260-280℃，转速范围是300-600rpm)，得到聚碳酸酯组合物。
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