WO2021241728A1 - 抗ウイルス剤 - Google Patents

抗ウイルス剤 Download PDF

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WO2021241728A1
WO2021241728A1 PCT/JP2021/020382 JP2021020382W WO2021241728A1 WO 2021241728 A1 WO2021241728 A1 WO 2021241728A1 JP 2021020382 W JP2021020382 W JP 2021020382W WO 2021241728 A1 WO2021241728 A1 WO 2021241728A1
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strain
lactobacillus
antiviral
receipt number
number nite
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PCT/JP2021/020382
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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春樹 北澤
久 麻生
和香子 大坪
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国立大学法人東北大学
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Priority to JP2022526664A priority Critical patent/JPWO2021241728A1/ja
Priority to EP21813425.2A priority patent/EP4159839A1/en
Priority to US17/925,333 priority patent/US20230263845A1/en
Publication of WO2021241728A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021241728A1/ja

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/135—Bacteria or derivatives thereof, e.g. probiotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
    • A61K35/74—Bacteria
    • A61K35/741—Probiotics
    • A61K35/744—Lactic acid bacteria, e.g. enterococci, pediococci, lactococci, streptococci or leuconostocs
    • A61K35/747—Lactobacilli, e.g. L. acidophilus or L. brevis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
    • A61K9/0056—Mouth soluble or dispersible forms; Suckable, eatable, chewable coherent forms; Forms rapidly disintegrating in the mouth; Lozenges; Lollipops; Bite capsules; Baked products; Baits or other oral forms for animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K2035/11—Medicinal preparations comprising living procariotic cells
    • A61K2035/115—Probiotics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/225—Lactobacillus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
    • C12R2001/225—Lactobacillus
    • C12R2001/25—Lactobacillus plantarum
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antiviral agent containing antiviral probiotics (preferably immunobiotics [that is, probiotics having a mucosal immunomodulatory function such as intestinal mucosa] as an active ingredient].
  • antiviral probiotics preferably immunobiotics [that is, probiotics having a mucosal immunomodulatory function such as intestinal mucosa] as an active ingredient].
  • Probiotics are living microorganisms that act on the normal bacterial flora in the body of the host mammal (especially in the intestinal tract) and improve the balance to benefit the body of the mammal.
  • Probiotics induce the production of bactericidal substances, competitive intake of nutritional components, competition of attachment sites, promotion / suppression of metabolic enzyme activity, etc. against infectious diseases of viruses and pathogenic bacteria, and have bactericidal effects. It is known to exert an immunostimulatory effect.
  • probiotics include lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Biffidobacterium, Enterococcus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus.
  • lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Biffidobacterium, Enterococcus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus.
  • an immunostimulatory composition containing a cytoplasmic fraction of a lactic acid bacterium cell or a cytoplasmic fraction has been reported (Patent Document 1).
  • Coagulans has an interferon (IFN) - ⁇ and IFN- ⁇ expression enhancing action and a natural killer (NK) cell activating action.
  • IFN interferon
  • NK natural killer
  • lactic acid bacteria such as Bacillus coagulans have an antiviral effect against infectious diseases of sensation virus and influenza virus
  • lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus ramnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Lactobacillus gasseri can be used to prevent or treat virus infection. It has been reported that it can be used (Patent Document 4). Further, it has been reported that the combined use of Labre bacterium and Enterococcus faecalis exerts an excellent preventive effect against influenza virus infectious diseases (Patent Document 5). However, no probiotics that effectively exert antiviral effects in complex infections of viruses and pathogenic bacteria have been known so far.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an antiviral agent containing probiotics that effectively exert an antiviral effect even in a complex infection of a virus and a pathogenic bacterium as an active ingredient.
  • the present inventors are continuing diligent research to solve the above problems.
  • two kinds of factors IFN- ⁇ and Mx1 were identified as an index for evaluating the antiviral property of probiotics.
  • the expression levels of the above two types of factors were used as indicators to show antiviral properties.
  • a genus bacterial strain was selected.
  • the selected antiviral Lactobacillus bacterial strain has an effect of enhancing the expression of antiviral factors and an effect of reducing the expression of down-regulatory factors of antiviral factors, and also in the combined infection of viruses and pathogenic bacteria.
  • a specific Lactobacillus bacterial strain exhibiting wakame assimilation has a 16S rRNA gene having the same nucleotide sequence as the selected antiviral Lactobacillus bacterial strain, and has an effect of enhancing the expression of antiviral factors. Confirmed to have. Furthermore, it is a species different from Lactobacillus salivarius and has at least 90% identity with the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of Lactobacillus salivalius (that is, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1) that exerted an antiviral effect. It was confirmed that the Lactobacillus plantarum (also referred to as "Lactiplantibacillus plantarum”) strain having the 16S rRNA gene also has an antiviral effect. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.
  • the present invention is as follows. [1] Expression of a 16S rRNA gene having at least 90% identity with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and an antiviral factor expression-enhancing effect and / or an antiviral factor down-regulatory factor An antiviral agent comprising one or two or more strains of the genus Lactobacillus having a reducing action. [2] Antiviral factors are interferon (IFN) - ⁇ , IFN- ⁇ , MX1 (MX dynamin like GTPase 1), OAS1 (2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1), RNaseL, PKR (Protein kinase R).
  • IFN interferon
  • MX1 MX dynamin like GTPase 1
  • OAS1 (2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1
  • RNaseL RNaseL
  • PKR Protein kinase R
  • antiviral factors selected from RIG-I Retinoic acid inducible gene-I
  • the down-regulatory factor of the antiviral factor is selected from A20 and Toll-interacting protein.
  • the antiviral agent according to the above [1] which is a downward control factor of the antiviral factor of 1 or 2.
  • the lactobacillus strain has an action of enhancing the expression of one or more receptors selected from TLR (Toll-like receptor) 2, TLR4, and NOD2 (Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 2).
  • TLR Toll-like receptor
  • NOD2 Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 2
  • Lactobacillus bacterium strain is deposited as Receipt No. NITE ABP-03218; Lactobacillus salivalius strain deposited as Receipt No. NITE ABP-03219; Deposited as Receipt No. NITE ABP-03221.
  • Lactobacillus salivalius strain Lactobacillus plantaram strain deposited under receipt number NITE ABP-03474; Lactobacillus plantalum strain deposited under receipt number NITE ABP-03467; deposited as receipt number NITE ABP-03468 Lactobacillus plantalum strains; Lactobacillus plantalum strains deposited as receipt number NITE ABP-03466; Lactobacillus plantalum strains deposited as receipt number NITE ABP-03471; deposits as receipt number NITE ABP-03469 Lactobacillus plantarum strains deposited; Lactobacillus plantaram strains deposited as receipt number NITE ABP-03470; Lactobacillus plantaram strains deposited as receipt number NITE ABP-03472; and receipt number NITE ABP-
  • the antiviral agent according to any one of the above [1] to [4], which is one or more selected from the Lactobacillus plantarum strain deposited as 03473; [6]
  • One or two or more of the lactobacillus bacterium strains having an expression-reducing effect (hereinafter, may be referred to as "the lactobacillus genus bacterial strain") are infected with a virus (preferably a virus infection in a combined infection of a virus and a pathogenic bacterium).
  • Methods of preventing and / or treating a viral infection including the step of administering to a subject (patient) in need of prevention and / or treatment of the disease; One or more Lactobacillus strains for use as antiviral agents; One or more Lactobacillus strains for use in anti-virus; or one or more Lactobacillus strains for use in the prevention and / or treatment of viral infections; , Use of one or more Lactobacillus strains to produce antiviral agents; Use of one or more Lactobacillus bacterial strains to produce prophylactic and / or therapeutic agents for viral infections; Can be mentioned.
  • the Lactobacillus bacterial strain has an effect of enhancing the expression of antiviral factors and an effect of reducing the expression of down-regulatory factors of antiviral factors, and effectively exerts an antiviral effect even in a complex infection of a virus and a pathogenic bacterium. Demonstrate.
  • the lactobacillus bacterium strain is a bacterial strain (that is, probiotics) that coexists in the living body (particularly, in the intestinal tract) of the host mammal, unlike vaccines and antibiotics, it has side effects. It is possible to effectively prevent / improve (treat) viral infections (preferably viral infections in complex infections of viruses and pathogenic bacteria) in humans and non-human mammals (particularly domestic animals) with little occurrence. ..
  • the Lactobacillus bacterium strain has wakame assimilation property
  • the Lactobacillus genus bacterial strain preferably antiviral immunobiotics
  • wakame (prebiotics) immunophores having wakame assimilation. Since synbiotics promote the growth of the bacterial strain, the antiviral effect of the Lactobacillus bacterial strain can be more effectively exerted.
  • FIG. 7A-C show the # 35 strain (“# 35” in the figure) or the # 58 strain (“# 35” in the figure) before stimulation with PolyI: C for 6 hours, 3 hours, and 12 hours, respectively. It is a figure which shows the result of having analyzed the A20 expression level (FIG. 7A) and the Tollip expression level (FIGS. 7B and C) in the PIE cell line stimulated by # 58 "). “**” and “***” in the figure are statistically significantly different from the results of stimulation with PolyI: C alone (“Poly (I: C) +” in the figure). (P ⁇ 0.01 and p ⁇ 0.001).
  • FIG. 7A shows the # 35 strain (“# 35” in the figure) or the # 58 strain (“# 35” in the figure) before stimulation with PolyI: C for 6 hours, 3 hours, and 12 hours, respectively.
  • FIG. 7A shows the result of having analyzed the A20 expression level (FIG. 7A) and the Tollip expression level (FIGS. 7B and C
  • FIG. 8A shows that the # 35 strain (“# 35” in the figure) or the # 58 strain (“# 58” in the figure) is stimulated or these prior to incubation with the activated rotavirus solution.
  • 6 is a fluorescent image analyzed by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody method using an anti-rotavirus antibody for a PIE cell line that was not stimulated by the strain (“control” in the figure).
  • FIG. 8B is a diagram showing the results of analysis of the proportion of rotavirus-infected cells based on the results of FIG. 8A. The proportion of rotavirus-infected cells is shown as a relative value when the control is 100.
  • FIG. 10A is stimulated with the # 35 strain (“# 35” in the figure) or the # 58 strain (“# 58” in the figure) before incubating with the activated rotavirus solution for 3 or 6 hours. It is a figure which shows the result of having analyzed the A20 expression level for the PIE cell line which did or did not stimulate with these strains (the "control" in the figure).
  • FIG. 10A is stimulated with the # 35 strain (“# 35” in the figure) or the # 58 strain (“# 58” in the figure) before incubating with the activated rotavirus solution for 3 or 6 hours. It is a figure which shows the result of having analyzed the A20 expression level for the PIE cell line which did or did not stimulate with these strains (the "control" in the figure).
  • FIG. 10A is stimulated with the # 35 strain (“# 35” in the figure) or the # 58 strain (“# 58” in the figure) before incubating with the activated rotavirus solution for 3 or 6 hours. It is
  • 10B shows the # 35 strain (“# 35” in the figure) or the # 58 strain (“# 58” in the figure) before incubating with the activated rotavirus solution for 3 hours, 6 hours, or 12 hours. It is a figure which shows the result of having analyzed the Tollip expression level of the PIE cell line which was stimulated with (") or was not stimulated by these strains ("control "in the figure). The A20 expression level and the Tollip expression level are shown as relative values when the control is 1. "*”, "**”, and "***” in the figure are statistically significantly different from the control (p ⁇ 0.05, p ⁇ 0.01, and p ⁇ , respectively. 0.001) is shown. FIG.
  • FIG. 11A shows the PIE cell line when incubated with activated rotavirus solution alone (“virus” in the figure) or with activated rotavirus solution and ETEC-containing solution (“virus + ETEC” in the figure). It is a figure which shows the result of having analyzed the ratio of the rotavirus-infected cell of "). The proportion of rotavirus-infected cells is shown as a relative value when "virus + ETEC” is set to 100.
  • FIG. 11B shows whether to stimulate with the # 35 strain (“# 35” in the figure) or the # 58 strain (“# 58” in the figure) before incubating with the activated rotavirus solution and the ETEC-containing solution.
  • control For PIE cell lines stimulated with or not stimulated with these strains (“control” in the figure), three antiviral factors (IFN- ⁇ [FIG. 12A], IFN- ⁇ [ It is a figure which shows the result of having analyzed the expression level of FIG. 12B] and Mx1 [FIG. 12C]).
  • the expression levels of these antiviral factors are shown as relative values when the control is 1. "*”, "**”, and "***” in the figure are statistically significantly different from the control (p ⁇ 0.05, p ⁇ 0.01, and p ⁇ , respectively. 0.001) is shown.
  • 3 types of antiviral factors RNaseL [FIG. 13A], PKR [FIG. 13B], for PIE cell lines stimulated with or not stimulated with these strains (“control” in the figure).
  • RIG-1 [FIG. 13C] it is a figure which shows the result of having analyzed the expression level. The expression levels of these antiviral factors are shown as relative values when the control is 1.
  • FIG. 14A shows the # 35 strain (“# 35” in the figure) or the # 58 strain (“# 58” in the figure) prior to incubation with the activated rotavirus solution and the ETEC-containing solution for 3 or 6 hours. It is a figure which shows the result of having analyzed the A20 expression level about the PIE cell line which was stimulated with (") or was not stimulated by these strains ("control "in the figure).
  • FIG. 14A shows the # 35 strain (“# 35” in the figure) or the # 58 strain (“# 58” in the figure) prior to incubation with the activated rotavirus solution and the ETEC-containing solution for 3 or 6 hours. It is a figure which shows the result of having analyzed the A20 expression level about the PIE cell line which was stimulated with (") or was not stimulated by these strains ("control "in the figure).
  • FIG. 14A shows the # 35 strain (“# 35” in the figure) or the # 58 strain (“# 58” in the figure) prior to incubation with
  • the antiviral agent of the present invention comprises a 16S rRNA gene having at least 90% identity with the lactobacillus strain (ie, the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1) identified for use as "for antivirus".
  • An agent containing one or more hereinafter, “anti-virus” It is sometimes called a “virus agent”).
  • the 16S rRNA gene is usually contained in the genomic DNA of the Lactobacillus bacterial strain.
  • the Lactobacillus bacterial strain which is an antiviral probiotic
  • a feed composition for livestock, a food or drink composition or a pharmaceutical composition examples include health foods (functional foods, nutritional supplements, health supplements, nutritionally fortified foods, nutritionally adjusted foods, supplements, etc.), health functional foods (specified health foods, nutritional functional foods, functional foods). Labeled foods, etc.) can be mentioned.
  • livestock feed and food and drink are preferable.
  • anti-virus means prevention and / or improvement of viral infections by suppressing the growth of the virus, inactivating the virus, reducing the susceptibility to the virus, and the like. It means to (treat).
  • the antiviral factor may be a factor that causes an antiviral effect in mammalian cells (eg, polypeptide, protein [specifically, cytokine, antibody], polynucleotide, saccharide, lipid), for example.
  • the above-mentioned "downregulatory factor of antiviral factor” may be a factor that causes a decrease in the expression of antiviral factor (for example, polypeptide, protein, polynucleotide, saccharide, lipid), and for example, A20 (TNFAIP3 [ Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Protein 3], Tolllip (Toll-interacting protein), RNF125 (Ring Finger Protein 125), DUBA (Deubiquitinase A), CYLD (CYLD Lysine 63 Deubiquitinase), etc. Since the effect has been demonstrated in this example, a downregulator of one or two antiviral factors selected from A20 and Tollip can be preferably exemplified.
  • the Lactobacillus bacterial strain has one or more receptors selected from TLR (Toll-like receptor) 2, TLR4, and NOD2 (Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 2) (hereinafter, "antiviral factor receptor”). It can be characterized by the expression-enhancing action of the body).
  • TLR Toll-like receptor
  • NOD2 Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 2
  • antiviral factors down-regulatory factors of antiviral factors, and antiviral factor receptors (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to as "antiviral factors, etc.")
  • antiviral factors etc.
  • the expression level of the antiviral factor and the like can be detected by using a method such as Western blotting method, indirect immunofluorescence method, flow cytometry, ELISA method, EIA method, RIA method and the like.
  • transcripts of genes such as antiviral factors can directly detect mRNA of genes such as antiviral factors, and cDNA synthesized using mRNA of genes such as antiviral factors as a template. Can also be detected indirectly.
  • the method for detecting mRNA of a gene such as an antiviral factor include (Reverse Transcription) -PCR method; Northern blotting method, microarray method, ISH method and the like.
  • a method for detecting cDNA synthesized using mRNA of a gene such as an antiviral factor as a template for example, LAMP method, PCR method (for example, real-time PCR method [intercalator method, 5'-nuclease method, cycling probe). Methods], ddPCR method); LCR method; sequencing method using next-generation sequencer; Southern hybridization method using the probe for cDNA detection, microarray method, ISH method; and the like.
  • antiviral factors in the present specification, “enhancement of expression of antiviral factors”, “reduction of expression of downregulatory factors of antiviral factors”, and “enhancement of expression of antiviral factor receptors” are used to refer to mammalian cell lines.
  • the expression level of the antiviral factor was higher, respectively. It means “increased”, “decreased expression level of downregulatory factor of antiviral factor”, and “increased expression level of antiviral factor receptor”.
  • the above-mentioned mammalian cell line is a target virus of the antiviral agent, a substance that induces virus pseudo-infection (for example, Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [PolyI]. : C]) and / or may be stimulated with pathogenic bacteria.
  • An arbitrary threshold (cutoff value) can be set as to whether the expression level of the antiviral factor or the like has increased or decreased, and the threshold can be set as, for example, the antivirus in the comparative control.
  • Mean value of expression level of sex factors and the like mean value + standard deviation (SD); mean value + 2SD; mean value + 3SD; median; interquartile range and the like can be mentioned.
  • the thresholds are sensitivity (ratio at which a mammalian cell line cultured in the presence of the Lactobacillus bacterium strain can be correctly determined to be positive) and specificity (mammalian cells cultured in the absence of the Lactobacillus genus bacterial strain).
  • mammalian cell line examples include a human intestinal epithelial cell line (Cac Cincinnati-2), a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (PIE [Porcine Intestinal Epitheliocyte] cell line), and a bovine intestinal epithelial cell line (BIE [Bovine Intestinal Epitheliocyte] cell line). ) Stocks can be mentioned.
  • the target virus of the antiviral agent is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a DNA virus (double-stranded DNA virus, single-stranded DNA virus, etc.), RNA virus (double-stranded RNA virus, single-stranded RNA (+)).
  • a double-stranded RNA virus is preferable because the effect on the double-stranded RNA model virus has been demonstrated in this example described later.
  • the target virus includes, for example, an influenza virus (single-strand RNA (-)-strand virus), a norovirus (single-strand RNA (+)-strand virus), a rotavirus (double-strand RNA virus), and the like.
  • Rave virus (single-strand RNA (+)-strand virus), measles virus (positive-strand RNA (+)-strand virus), RS virus (positive-strand RNA (-)-strand virus), herpes virus (double-strand DNA virus) ), Hepatitis A virus (positive-strand RNA (+)-strand virus), hepatitis B virus (double-strand DNA virus), hepatitis C virus (positive-strand RNA (+)-strand virus), hepatitis E virus (Single-strand RNA (+)-strand virus), adenovirus (double-strand DNA virus), hoof virus (positive-strand RNA (+)-strand virus), mad dog disease virus (positive-strand RNA (-)-strand virus), Human immunodeficiency virus (single-strand RNA (+)-strand virus), corona virus (single-strand RNA (+)-strand virus), etc.
  • rotavirus can be preferably exemplified.
  • Influenza virus includes type A, type B, type C, triinfluenza virus and various subtypes thereof, and coronavirus includes a general coronavirus that causes colds and a new type of corona.
  • Viruses eg, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus [SARS and SARS-CoV-2], Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus [MERS], COVID-19
  • SARS and SARS-CoV-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus [SARS and SARS-CoV-2], Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus [MERS], COVID-19
  • the target of application of the antiviral agent may be a mammal that requires prevention and / or improvement (treatment) of a viral infection, and in this example described later, it is also effective in a complex infection of a virus and a pathogenic bacterium.
  • Preferably exemplify mammals in need to prevent and / or ameliorate (treat) viral infections in a combined viral and pathogenic bacterial infection, as they have been demonstrated to exert antiviral effects. be able to.
  • pathogenic bacteria include, for example, mycoplasma, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (eg, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli [EPEC], enterohemorrhagic tissue invading Escherichia coli [EIEC], toxinogenic Escherichia coli [ETEC], intestinal aggregate adhesion.
  • enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli eg, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli [EPEC], enterohemorrhagic tissue invading Escherichia coli [EIEC], toxinogenic Escherichia coli [ETEC], intestinal aggregate adhesion.
  • EAggEC enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
  • EHEC enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
  • lytic bacteria and the like can be mentioned.
  • the mammals include humans and non-human mammals (eg, monkeys, mice, rats, dogs, cats, livestock [eg, rabbits, pigs, horses, cows, sheep, goats, deer]) and the like. It can be mentioned, and humans and livestock can be preferably exemplified.
  • non-human mammals eg, monkeys, mice, rats, dogs, cats, livestock [eg, rabbits, pigs, horses, cows, sheep, goats, deer]
  • livestock eg, rabbits, pigs, horses, cows, sheep, goats, deer
  • the lactobacillus bacterium strain has a 16S rRNA gene having at least 90% identity with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and has an antiviral factor expression enhancing action and / or an antiviral factor downward control.
  • it is a bacterial strain of the genus Lactobacillus having an action of reducing the expression of the factor, it may be a living bacterial strain or a dead bacterial strain.
  • the Lactobacillus genus bacterial strain is different from the Lactobacillus salivarius strain or the Lactobacillus plantaram strain, or the Lactobacillus salivalius strain or the Lactobacillus plantalum strain whose effect has been demonstrated in the present Examples described later (for example).
  • Lactobacillus hayakitensis [Lactobacillus hayakitensis], Lactobacillus agilis, Lactobacillus aviarius subsp. , Has a 16S rRNA gene having at least 90% identity with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, and has an effect of enhancing the expression of antiviral factors and / or an effect of reducing the expression of down-regulatory factors of antiviral factors. It also includes Lactobacillus strains.
  • the Lactobacillus genus bacterial strain is specifically deposited as the Lactobacillus salivarius strain (# 35 strain) deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03218; the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03219.
  • Lactobacillus salivalius strain (# 58 shares); deposited as international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03221; and Lactobacillus salivalius strain (# 131 shares); and deposited as international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03220. Lactobacillus salivalius shares (# 71 shares); and Lactobacillus plantaram shares (# 16 shares) deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03474; deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03467.
  • Lactobacillus plantaram stock (# 6VG132 stock); Lactobacillus plantaram stock (# 6ML6109 stock) deposited as international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03468; deposited as international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03466 Lactobacillus plantaram stock (# 6ML686 shares); Lactobacillus plantaram stock (# 3CS123 shares) deposited as international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03471; deposited as international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03469 Lactobacillus plantaram stock (# 6VG141 stock); Lactobacillus plantaram stock (# 2CS82 stock) deposited as international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03472; deposited as international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03472 Lactobacillus plantalum strain (# 1FeB18 strain); and Lactobacillus plantalum strain (# 4FeB195 strain) deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03473; Lactobacillus salivarius strain (
  • Lactobacillus salivalius stock (# 1) deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03221 31 shares); Lactobacillus plantarum shares deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03474 (# 16 shares); Lactobacillus plantaram shares deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03467 (the # 16 shares) 6VG132 shares); Lactobacillus plantarum shares deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03468 (# 6ML6109 shares); Lactobacillus plantaram shares deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03466 (the # #).
  • 6ML686 shares Lactobacillus plantarum shares deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03471 (# 3CS123 shares); Lactobacillus plantaram shares deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03469 (the # 3). 6VG141 shares); Lactobacillus plantarum shares deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03470 (# 2CS82 shares); Lactobacillus plantaram shares deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03472 (the # 2). 1FeB18 strain); and one or more selected from the Lactobacillus plantarum strain (the # 4FeB195 strain) deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03473; can be preferably exemplified.
  • nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 means that one or several nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 are substituted, deleted, inserted, added or inverted. , 90% or more of the entire nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is identical.
  • a nucleotide sequence in which one or several nucleotides are substituted, deleted, inserted, added or inverted is defined as, for example, in the range of 1 to 149, preferably in the range of 1 to 100.
  • the "at least 90% identity” is preferably 91% or more, more preferably 92% or more, still more preferably 93% or more, still more preferably 94% or more, and particularly preferably 95% or more.
  • the identity is particularly more preferably 96% or more, particularly still more preferably 97% or more, particularly even more preferably 98% or more, and most preferably 99% or more (about 100%).
  • Nucleotide sequence identity is called BLASTX or BLASTP based on the algorithm BLAST (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 2264-2268, 1990, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 5873, 1993) by Carlin and Altschul.
  • BLASTN Altschul SF, et al: J Mol Biol 215: 403, 1990
  • the Lactobacillus bacterial strain further includes those having wakame assimilation.
  • “wakame assimilation” means the ability to synthesize substances necessary for Lactobacillus bacteria such as proteins, nucleic acids, sugars, and lipids using wakame as a carbon source or nitrogen source.
  • the antiviral agent is roughly classified into a liquid type and a non-liquid type.
  • the liquid type antiviral agent the culture solution of the Lactobacillus genus bacterial strain is purified, and if necessary, appropriate physiological saline or fluid replacement or pharmaceutical additives are added and filled in ampoules or vials.
  • the non-liquid type antiviral agent is an ampoule, vial, etc. by adding an appropriate freeze-protecting agent (for example, glycerol, dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO], trehalose, dextran) to the liquid type antiviral agent. It can be produced by freezing or freeze-drying after filling in.
  • DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
  • the method of applying (administering) the antiviral agent can be either an oral application method (oral administration) or a parenteral application method (parenteral administration), and a parenteral application method (non-oral administration).
  • oral administration include intravenous administration and local administration.
  • the additives include conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, binders, stabilizers, excipients, diluents, pH buffers, disintegrants, isotonic agents, additives, and coating agents.
  • Solubilizers, lubricants, gliding agents, solubilizing agents, lubricants, flavoring agents, sweeteners, solvents, gelling agents, nutritional agents and the like can be exemplified.
  • Specific examples of such compounding components include water, wakame component, physiological saline, animal fat and oil, vegetable oil, lactose, starch, gelatin, crystalline cellulose, gum, talc, magnesium stearate, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and poly.
  • the antiviral agent contains a wakame component (prebiotic) which is a nutrient source of the Lactobacillus bacterial strain as an additive, and the Lactobacillus is contained.
  • Bacterial strains of the genus preferably antiviral immunobiotics
  • those comprising immunosin biotics by prebiotics can be preferably exemplified.
  • the seaweed component may be a seaweed powder obtained by crushing a dried seaweed product, or a seaweed component extract obtained by further extracting the seaweed powder with water or the like. ..
  • the applicable (administration) amount of the Lactobacillus bacterial strain contained in the antiviral agent varies depending on the sex, age, body weight, physical condition, etc. of the subject (mammal) to be ingested, and therefore cannot be unconditionally specified. It is 10 4 to 10 12 cfu (Colony Forming Unit) per 1 kg of body weight per day, preferably 10 6 to 10 10 cfu. It should be noted that such an amount may be ingested once or may be ingested in several divided doses.
  • the amount of the Lactobacillus genus bacterial strain contained in the livestock feed composition is, for example, 10 4 to 10 12 cfu / g per 1 g of the livestock feed composition. It is preferably 10 6 to 10 10 cfu.
  • Example 1 Search for antiviral factors We searched for factors that can be used as indicators for evaluating the antiviral properties of probiotics.
  • Test cells For the PIE cell line, cells cloned from the small intestine of a primary piglet of a ternary hybrid (LWD; landrace ⁇ large white ⁇ durock) were used.
  • the PIE cell line is a DMEM liquid medium (high glucose, L-glutamine) containing 10% FCS (fetal bovine serum) and 1% streptomycin / penicillin using a 250 mL flask (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite) coated with type I collagen. , Containing sodium pyruvate; manufactured by GIBCO) (hereinafter, simply referred to as "DMEM liquid medium").
  • FCS fetal bovine serum
  • the epithelial buffer was removed and incubated in PBS containing 0.25% trypsin and 0.02% EDTA for 5 minutes at 37 ° C.
  • DMEM liquid medium was added, and the detached cells were collected and then centrifuged (12000 rpm ⁇ 5 minutes) to remove the culture supernatant.
  • DMEM liquid medium was newly added, and the cells were collected. After counting the number of cells, cells were seeded such that 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells per flask. After culturing for 24 hours, the culture supernatant was removed by suction with an aspirator, and DMEM liquid medium was newly added for culturing.
  • the cells were stored at ⁇ 80 ° C. for each generation using a cell bunker (registered trademark) (manufactured by Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.). In addition, cell culture was performed under the conditions of 5% CO 2 /20% O 2 and 37 ° C.
  • the PIE cell line was stimulated with Poly I: C, which is a double-stranded RNA virus model that induces virus pseudo-infection, and the expression of cytokine-related factors was analyzed. Specifically, the analysis was performed according to the following procedures [1] to [5]. [1] The PIE cell line was inoculated on a 12-well plate (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite) coated with type I collagen so as to have 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well, and cultured in DMEM liquid medium for 5 days.
  • RNA concentration and purity were measured with a NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific).
  • cDNA was synthesized from the obtained total RNA using the Prime Script RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser (Perfect Real Time) (manufactured by Takara) according to the protocol attached to the product.
  • cytokine-related factors IFN- ⁇ , IFN- ⁇ , Mx1, OAS1, RNaseL, PKR, RIG-I, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, NOD1, NOD2, MCP-1 [Also called CCL2], IL-6, IL-8 [also called CXCL8], IL-12, IL-18, TNF ⁇ , A20, BCL-3, Tollip, IRAK-M, MKP-1, and SIGIRR) and ⁇ .
  • the primer set (sense primer and antisense primer) shown in Table 1 below, Platinum SYBR Green qPCR Super Mix-UDG with ROX (manufactured by Invitrogen), and ABI PRISM Quantitative PCR analysis using a 7300 real-time PCR system (manufactured by Applied Biosystem) was performed according to the protocol attached to the product.
  • the expression level of various cytokine-related factors by Poly I: C stimulation is the formula (Poly I: C stimulation [expression level of mRNA of various cytokine-related factor genes / expression level of mRNA of ⁇ -actin gene] / Poly I: C unstimulated. [Expression level of mRNA of various cytokine-related factor genes / Expression level of mRNA of ⁇ -actin gene]).
  • the Lactobacillus bacterial strain was selected using the IFN- ⁇ expression level 3 hours after PolyI: C stimulation and the Mx1 expression level 12 hours after PolyI: C stimulation as indicators. I decided to use it.
  • Example 2 Selection of the Lactobacillus bacterial strain using antiviral property as an index
  • the Lactobacillus bacterial strain was selected using the expression levels of two antiviral factors (IFN- ⁇ and Mx1) as indicators.
  • the PIE cell line was stimulated with the prepared 116 kinds of Lactobacillus salivalius strain-containing solution, and then stimulated with Poly I: C to express two kinds of antiviral factors (IFN- ⁇ and Mx1).
  • the Lactobacillus bacterial strain was selected using the level as an index. Specifically, the analysis was performed according to the following procedures [1] to [4]. [1] The PIE cell line was inoculated on a 12-well plate (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite) coated with type I collagen so as to have 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well, and cultured in DMEM liquid medium for 3 days.
  • the PIE cell line was similarly cultured in DMEM liquid medium free of the Lactobacillus salivalius strain.
  • the cells were replaced with DMEM liquid medium containing 50 ng / mL Poly I: C (catalog number P9582, manufactured by SIGMA), and cultured for 3 hours and 12 hours. By doing so, Poly I: C stimulation was performed.
  • the IFN- ⁇ expression level and Mx1 expression level stimulated by various lactobacillus salivarius strains are the formulas (before stimulating with Poly I: C, when stimulated with various lactobacillus salivarius strains [IFN- ⁇ gene or Mx1 gene mRNA]. Expression level / ⁇ -actin gene mRNA expression level]) / Based on [IFN- ⁇ gene or Mx1 gene mRNA expression level / ⁇ -actin gene mRNA expression level]) when stimulated with Poly I: C (See the vertical axis in FIG. 2).
  • the # 35 strain is a Lactobacillus salivarius strain having a 16S rRNA gene consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and has the following characteristics.
  • the # 35 strain is the NITE Patent Microorganisms Depositary (NPMD) (Address: Kazusa, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, 292-0818). Kazusakamatari Room 2-5-8 122 [# 122, 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan]) as international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03218 on May 19, 2020. It has been deposited internationally.
  • NPMD NITE Patent Microorganisms Depositary
  • A Cell morphology: bacillus, spore formation: (-), motility: (-)
  • B Colony morphology (Observation of colony morphology smeared on MRS agar medium and aerobically cultured at 37 ° C.
  • the # 58 strain is a Lactobacillus salivarius strain having a 16S rRNA gene consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and has the following characteristics.
  • # 58 strain was transferred to the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center (NPMD) (Address: Room 2-5-8 122, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, 292-0818). It has been internationally deposited under the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03219 on May 19, 2020.
  • NITE National Institute of Technology and Evaluation
  • Cell morphology bacillus, spore formation: (-), motility: (-)
  • B Colony morphology (Observation of colony morphology smeared on MRS agar medium and aerobically cultured at 37 ° C.
  • Example 3 Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Ability of Lactobacillus Bacterial Strain
  • the PIE cell line was stimulated with only the selected # 35 strain or the # 58 strain, and the immune response of the cells was analyzed.
  • the analysis of the immune response of the cells was performed according to the following procedures [1] to [3].
  • the PIE cell line was inoculated on a 12-well plate (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite) coated with type I collagen so as to have 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well, and cultured in DMEM liquid medium for 3 days.
  • the expression levels of various receptors (see FIG. 3) and the expression levels of various antiviral factors (see FIGS. 4 and 5) stimulated by the # 35 strain or the # 58 strain are based on the formula (stimulation of the # 35 strain or the # 58 strain). [Expression level of mRNA of various receptor genes or various antiviral factor genes / Expression level of mRNA of ⁇ -actin gene] / [Various receptor genes or various antiviral factor genes] by unstimulated strain (0 hours) Expression level of mRNA / expression level of ⁇ -actin gene mRNA]).
  • Example 4.2 Evaluation of immunomodulatory ability of the Lactobacillus bacterial strain against a double-stranded RNA model virus 1 For the # 35 and # 58 strains, the # 35 strain or the # 58 strain before stimulating the PIE cell line with Poly I: C to evaluate the immunomodulatory ability against the double-stranded RNA model virus. The expression of antiviral factors was analyzed.
  • A20 / TNFAIP3 is known to be a negative regulator that plays a particularly important role during virus infection, and it has been reported that rotavirus infection is significantly suppressed in cells in which A20 expression is knocked down.
  • Tolllip Toll-interacting protein
  • Tolllip is a negative regulator that interacts with IRAK-1 to inhibit phosphorylation and negatively control the signaling of TLR2 and TLR4, and is responsible for the expression of IFN- ⁇ and IFN- ⁇ .
  • the analysis of the immune response of the cells was performed according to the following procedures [1] to [4].
  • the PIE cell line was inoculated on a 12-well plate (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite) coated with type I collagen so as to have 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well, and cultured in DMEM liquid medium for 3 days.
  • PIE cell lines were similarly cultured in DMEM liquid medium free of these strains.
  • Example 4 shows that when the # 35 strain or the # 58 strain is administered to cells infected with double-stranded RNA virus, it is a downregulator of antiviral factors such as A20 and Tollip. It is shown that the expression level of (negative regulator) is reduced and the expression enhancing effect of antiviral factors is exerted.
  • Example 6 Confirmation of the virus infection reducing effect of the Lactobacillus strains Since the # 35 strain and the # 58 strain were shown to enhance the antiviral immune response, these strains have the effect of reducing the virus infection. To confirm that, a rotavirus infection test was performed.
  • Test virus strain The livestock infectious group A rotavirus OSU strain using pigs as a host was distributed by the National Institute of Animal Health, Animal Health Research Division.
  • the rotavirus infection test and the subsequent indirect fluorescent antibody method using the anti-rotavirus antibody were carried out according to the following procedures [1] to [7].
  • the PIE cell line was inoculated on a 96-well plate (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite) coated with type I collagen so as to have 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL, and cultured in DMEM liquid medium for 8 days.
  • the # 35 strain and the # 58 strain were added to the medium so as to have a multiplicity of infection (MOI) per well, respectively, and cultured (stimulated) for 48 hours.
  • MOI multiplicity of infection
  • PIE cell lines were similarly cultured in DMEM liquid medium free of these strains.
  • the cells were washed 3 times with FCS-free DMEM liquid medium, and 100 ⁇ L (1 MOI) of the activated rotavirus solution prepared according to the method described in the above item [Preparation of activated rotavirus solution] was added to each well. Equivalent) was added at a time and incubated for 16 hours under the conditions of 5% CO 2 /20% O 2 and 37 ° C.
  • the activated rotavirus solution was removed, 100 ⁇ L of an 80% acetone solution at 4 ° C. was added to each well, and the cells were incubated at 4 ° C.
  • rotavirus A antibody anti-human RVAWa strain guinea pig serum, distributed by the National Institute of Animal Health, Animal Health Research Division. The primary antibody reaction was carried out. Specifically, rotavirus A antibody was diluted 800-fold with PBS, 50 ⁇ L was dispensed into each well, and then incubated at 37 ° C. for 40 minutes.
  • a secondary antibody reaction was carried out using Alexa488-labeled anti-guinea pig IgG antibody (Cat. Ab150185, manufactured by abcam).
  • such antibody was diluted 400-fold with PBS at 1: 400, 50 ⁇ L was dispensed into each well, and then incubated at 37 ° C. for 40 minutes.
  • 50 ⁇ L of PBS containing 30% glycerin was dispensed into each well, and then a fluorescence signal derived from Alexa488 was emitted using a fluorescence microscope (IX70-FL manufactured by Olympus Corporation). Detected (see FIG. 8A) and calculated the percentage of cells positive for such fluorescence signal, i.e., rotavirus-positive (infected) cells (see FIG. 8B).
  • Example 7 Evaluation of immunomodulatory ability of the Lactobacillus bacterial strain at the time of virus infection 1
  • the PIE cell line was stimulated with the # 35 strain or the # 58 strain and then infected with rotavirus to infect the antivirus. Expression analysis of sex factors was performed.
  • the rotavirus infection test and the subsequent analysis of the expression of antiviral factors were performed according to the following procedures [1] to [4].
  • the PIE cell line was inoculated on a 96-well plate (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite) coated with type I collagen so as to have 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well, and cultured in DMEM liquid medium for 10 days.
  • the # 35 strain and the # 58 strain were added to the medium so as to have 100 MOI per well, and cultured (stimulated) for 48 hours. As a control for unstimulating these strains, PIE cell lines were similarly cultured in DMEM liquid medium free of these strains.
  • Example 8 Evaluation of immunomodulatory ability of the Lactobacillus bacterial strain at the time of virus infection 2
  • the PIE cell line was stimulated with the # 35 strain or the # 58 strain, and then infected with rotavirus to infect the antivirus.
  • the rotavirus infection test and the subsequent analysis of A20 and Tollip expression were performed according to the following procedures [1] to [4].
  • the PIE cell line was inoculated on a 96-well plate (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite) coated with type I collagen so as to have 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL, and cultured in DMEM liquid medium for 8 days.
  • the # 35 strain and the # 58 strain were added to the medium so as to have 100 MOI per well, and cultured (stimulated) for 48 hours. As a control for unstimulating these strains, PIE cell lines were similarly cultured in DMEM liquid medium free of these strains.
  • Example 9 Confirmation of the effect of reducing the combined infection of rotavirus and ETEC by the lactobacillus genus bacterial strain In actual life, not only the infection of the virus alone but also the combined infection with the pathogenic bacterium occurs. Therefore, a complex infection system of rotavirus and entero toxigenic E. coli (ETEC) was constructed. First, a rotavirus infection was established between the infection of rotavirus alone and the combined infection of rotavirus and ETEC. We examined whether there was a difference in efficiency, and then analyzed whether the # 35 strain and the # 58 strain were effective against the combined infection of rotavirus and ETEC.
  • ETEC entero toxigenic E. coli
  • ETEC-containing liquid The ETEC strain (distributed by the National Institute of Animal Health, National Institute of Animal Health) was drawn on an agar medium containing 5% sheep defibered blood and cultured at 37 ° C. for 20 hours. The formed colonies are cultivated, inoculated into 5 mL of tryptone soya broth liquid medium (manufactured by Nippon BD), and left to stand at 37 ° C for 5 to 8 days for ciliary restoration culture. went. Then, the fungus was caught from the mycelial membrane forming part, inoculated into 11 mL of TSB, and cultured with shaking at 37 ° C. for 20 hours.
  • the cells were collected by centrifugation, washed 3 times with PBS, and heat-sterilized at 100 ° C. for 15 minutes. Then, the cells were washed with PBS and suspended in DMEM liquid medium so that the cell concentration was 1.5 ⁇ 10 10 cells / mL to prepare an ETEC-containing solution.
  • the rotavirus / ETEC combined infection test and the subsequent indirect immunofluorescence method using an anti-rotavirus antibody were carried out according to the following procedures [1] to [4].
  • the PIE cell line was inoculated on a 96-well plate (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite) coated with type I collagen so as to have 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well, and cultured in DMEM liquid medium for 8 days.
  • the # 35 strain and the # 58 strain were added to the medium so as to have 100 MOI per well, and cultured (stimulated) for 48 hours.
  • PIE cell lines were similarly cultured in DMEM liquid medium free of these strains.
  • the cells were washed 3 times with FCS-free DMEM liquid medium, and the activated rotavirus solution prepared according to the method described in the item [Preparation of activated rotavirus solution] of Example 6 above was added to each well.
  • Example 10 Evaluation of immunomodulatory ability of the Lactobacillus bacterial strain at the time of virus and bacterial infection 1
  • the PIE cell line was stimulated with the # 35 strain or the # 58 strain and then converted into rotavirus. After infection, the expression of antiviral factors and down-regulatory factors of antiviral factors was analyzed.
  • the virus / pathogenic bacterial complex infection test and the subsequent expression analysis of antiviral factors and downregulatory factors of antiviral factors were carried out according to the following procedures [1] to [4].
  • the PIE cell line was inoculated on a 96-well plate (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite) coated with type I collagen so as to have 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well, and cultured in DMEM liquid medium for 10 days.
  • the # 35 strain and the # 58 strain were added to the medium so as to have 100 MOI per well, and cultured (stimulated) for 48 hours. As a control for unstimulating these strains, PIE cell lines were similarly cultured in DMEM liquid medium free of these strains.
  • Example 11 Selection of the Lactobacillus bacterial strain using wakame assimilation as an index Regarding the bacterial metabolites that assimilate seaweed, organic acids produced from algae hydrous carbon activate intestinal microorganisms in humans and marine invertebrates. (See “Front Immunol. 2014 Jan 14; 4: 512.” And “New Phytol. 2010 Oct; 188 (1): 82-97.”). Furthermore, as a prebiotic-related study, there is a report that metabolites obtained by microbial fermentation of red algae exert antioxidative, anticoagulant, and immunomodulatory effects (Reference "Phytomedicine. 2012 Jun 15; 19”. (8-9): 797-803. ").
  • Lactobacillus salivarius strains that grow in a liquid medium containing wakame components
  • Lactobacillus salivalius strain # 131 referred to as “the # 131 strain” in the present specification
  • Lactobacillus salivalius strain # 71 referred to as “the # 71 strain”
  • the # 131 strain is a Lactobacillus salivarius strain having a 16S rRNA gene consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, similar to the # 35 strain and the # 58 strain, and is the # 35 strain and the # 58 strain. Has the same characteristics as. That is, the # 131 strain has the following characteristics.
  • the # 131 strain will be placed in 2020 at the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center (NPMD) (Address: 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, 292-0818). It has been deposited internationally as the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03221 on May 19.
  • A Cell morphology: bacillus, spore formation: (-), motility: (-)
  • B Colony morphology (Observation of colony morphology smeared on MRS agar medium and aerobically cultured at 37 ° C.
  • the # 71 strain is a Lactobacillus salivalius strain having a 16S rRNA gene consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, similar to the # 35 strain and the # 58 strain, and is the # 35 strain and the # 58 strain. Has the same characteristics as. That is, the # 71 strain has the following characteristics.
  • the # 71 strain will be placed in 2020 at the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center (NPMD) (Address: 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, 292-0818). It was deposited internationally as the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03220 on May 19.
  • NITE National Institute of Technology and Evaluation
  • Cell morphology bacillus, spore formation: (-), motility: (-)
  • B Colony morphology (Observation of colony morphology smeared on MRS agar medium and aerobically cultured at 37 ° C.
  • Example 12 Evaluation of the immunomodulatory ability of the # 131 strain against the double-stranded RNA model virus
  • the # 131 strain has an antiviral immune response enhancing effect, similar to the # 35 strain and the # 58 strain.
  • the PIE cell line was stimulated with the # 131 strain, and the expression of antiviral factors was analyzed.
  • the analysis of the immune response of the cells was performed according to the following procedures [1] to [4].
  • the PIE cell line was inoculated on a 12-well plate (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite) coated with type I collagen so as to have 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well, and cultured in DMEM liquid medium for 3 days.
  • the [2] present # 131 strain, in addition to the medium so as to be 5.0 ⁇ 10 7 cells / mL per well, were cultured for 48 hours (stimulation).
  • the PIE cell line was similarly cultured in DMEM liquid medium free of the # 131 strain.
  • the IFN- ⁇ expression level stimulated by the # 131 strain is the formula (before stimulating with Poly I: C, the expression level of the mRNA of the IFN- ⁇ gene when stimulated with the # 131 strain. / ⁇ -actin gene mRNA expression level] / Calculated based on [IFN- ⁇ gene mRNA expression level / ⁇ -actin gene mRNA expression level] when stimulated with Poly I: C.
  • the expression levels of various antiviral factors when both the # 131 strain and Poly I: C were unstimulated were also calculated (see FIG. 16).
  • the # 131 strain had the same effect of enhancing the expression of antiviral factors as the # 35 strain and the # 58 strain.
  • the # 35 strain and the # 58 strain, and the # 131 strain and the # 71 strain are both Ligilactobacillus salivalius strains having a 16S rRNA gene consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. It was suggested that the Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain having the 16S rRNA gene consisting of one nucleotide sequence has both antiviral and wakame assimilation properties.
  • Example 13 Confirmation of virus infection reduction effect of this Lactobacillus bacterial strain (2) Even a strain of Lactobacillus spp. That is different from Lactobacillus salivarius has high sequence identity with the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of Lactobacillus salivalius that exerted an antiviral effect (that is, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1). It was analyzed whether or not what had had an antiviral effect. Specifically, nine types of Lactobacillus plantarum strains included in the Lactobacillus spp.
  • the # 16 strain is a lactobacillus plantarum strain having a 16S rRNA gene consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52, and is the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center (NPMD) (Address: ⁇ 292). -0818 It was deposited internationally as the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03474 on April 23, 2021 at Room 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture.
  • the # 16 strain has the following characteristics, similar to the above-mentioned four types of Lactobacillus salivalius strains (the # 35 strain, the # 58 strain, the # 131 strain, and the # 71 strain).
  • the # 6ML686 strain is a lactobacillus plantarum strain having a 16S rRNA gene consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53, and is a National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center (NPMD) (Address: It has been internationally deposited as the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03466 on April 23, 2021 at Room 2-5-8 122, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, 292-0818.
  • the # 6ML686 strain has the following characteristics, similar to the above-mentioned four types of Lactobacillus salivalius strains (the # 35 strain, the # 58 strain, the # 131 strain, and the # 71 strain).
  • A Cell morphology: bacillus, spore formation: (-), motility: (-)
  • B Colony morphology (Observation of colony morphology smeared on MRS agar medium and aerobically cultured at 37 ° C.
  • the # 6ML6109 strain is a lactobacillus plantarum strain having a 16S rRNA gene consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53, and is a National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center (NPMD) (Address: It has been internationally deposited as the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03468 on April 23, 2021 at Room 2-5-8 122, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, 292-0818.
  • NITE National Institute of Technology and Evaluation
  • the # 6ML6109 strain has the following characteristics, similar to the above-mentioned four types of Lactobacillus salivalius strains (the # 35 strain, the # 58 strain, the # 131 strain, and the # 71 strain).
  • the # 6VG132 strain is a lactobacillus plantarum strain having a 16S rRNA gene consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54, and is a National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center (NPMD) (Address: ⁇ 292). -0818 It has been internationally deposited as the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03467 on April 23, 2021 at Room 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture.
  • the # 6VG132 strain has the following characteristics, similar to the above-mentioned four types of Lactobacillus salivalius strains (the # 35 strain, the # 58 strain, the # 131 strain, and the # 71 strain).
  • the # 6VG141 strain is a lactobacillus plantarum strain having a 16S rRNA gene consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55, and is a National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center (NPMD) (Address: ⁇ 292). -0818 It has been internationally deposited as the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03469 on April 23, 2021 at Room 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture.
  • the # 6VG141 strain has the following characteristics, similar to the above-mentioned four types of Lactobacillus salivalius strains (the # 35 strain, the # 58 strain, the # 131 strain, and the # 71 strain).
  • the # 2 CS82 strain is a lactobacillus plantarum strain having a 16S rRNA gene consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, and is a National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center (NPMD) (Address: It has been internationally deposited as the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03470 on April 23, 2021 at Room 2-5-8 122, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, 292-0818.
  • the # 2 CS82 strain has the following characteristics, similar to the above-mentioned four types of Lactobacillus salivalius strains (the # 35 strain, the # 58 strain, the # 131 strain, and the # 71 strain).
  • A Cell morphology: bacillus, spore formation: (-), motility: (-)
  • B Colony morphology (Observation of colony morphology smeared on MRS agar medium and aerobically cultured at 37 ° C.
  • the # 1FeB18 strain is a lactobacillus plantarum strain having a 16S rRNA gene consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, and is a National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center (NPMD) (Address: It has been internationally deposited as the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03472 on April 23, 2021 at Room 2-5-8 122, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, 292-0818.
  • NITE National Institute of Technology and Evaluation
  • the # 1 FeB18 strain has the following characteristics, similar to the above-mentioned four types of Lactobacillus salivalius strains (the # 35 strain, the # 58 strain, the # 131 strain, and the # 71 strain).
  • the # 3 CS123 strain is a lactobacillus plantarum strain having a 16S rRNA gene consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, and is a National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center (NPMD) (Address: ⁇ 292). -0818 It was deposited internationally as the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03471 on April 23, 2021 at Room 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture.
  • the # 3 CS123 strain has the following characteristics, similar to the above-mentioned four types of Lactobacillus salivalius strains (the # 35 strain, the # 58 strain, the # 131 strain, and the # 71 strain).
  • the # 4FeB195 strain is a lactobacillus plantarum strain having a 16S rRNA gene consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58, and is a National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center (NPMD) (Address: It has been internationally deposited as the international deposit receipt number NITE ABP-03473 on April 23, 2021 at Room 2-5-8 122, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, 292-0818.
  • NITE National Institute of Technology and Evaluation
  • the # 4FeB195 strain has the following characteristics, similar to the above-mentioned four types of Lactobacillus salivalius strains (the # 35 strain, the # 58 strain, the # 131 strain, and the # 71 strain).
  • Lactobacillus plantarum strains are all Lactobacillus genus bacterial strains having a 16S rRNA gene having at least 90% identity with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the rotavirus infection test and subsequent analysis of rotavirus infection level and rotavirus-infected cells were performed according to the following procedures [1] to [7].
  • the PIE1-3 cell line was inoculated on a 96-well plate (manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite) coated with type I collagen so as to have 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL, and cultured in DMEM liquid medium for 8 days. bottom.
  • the above nine types of Lactobacillus plantarum strains were added to the medium so as to have 1 MOI per well, and cultured (stimulated) for 48 hours.
  • PIE1-3 cell lines were similarly cultured in DMEM liquid medium free of these strains.
  • the cells were washed 3 times with FCS-free DMEM liquid medium, and the activated rotavirus solution prepared according to the method described in the item [Preparation of activated rotavirus solution] of Example 6 above was added to each well. 100 ⁇ L per unit (equivalent to 1 MOI) was added and incubated for 12 hours under 5% CO 2 /20% O 2 and 37 ° C. conditions.
  • RNA concentration and purity were measured with a NanoDrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific).
  • cDNA was synthesized from the obtained total RNA using the Prime Script RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser (Perfect Real Time) (manufactured by Takara) according to the protocol attached to the product.
  • the primer set sense primer and antisense primer shown in Table 2 below was used.
  • the expression level of NSP5 by stimulation with the above 9 types of lactobacillus plantarum strains is the formula ([expression level of NSP5 gene mRNA / expression level of ⁇ -actin gene mRNA] by stimulation with the above 9 types of lactobacillus plantarum strains] / above. It was calculated based on [expression level of NSP5 gene mRNA / expression level of ⁇ -actin gene mRNA] by 9 kinds of lactobacillus plantarum strains unstimulated (see FIG. 17).
  • the present invention contributes to the prevention or treatment of viral infections in the livestock industry and human medicine.

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