WO2021239155A1

WO2021239155A1 - Optical zoom focusing lens, mechanical structure and optical structure thereof, and usage method therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2021239155A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/097539
Authority: WO
Inventors: 方强; 方笑尘
Original assignee: 方强
Priority date: 2020-05-29
Filing date: 2021-05-31
Publication date: 2021-12-02
Also published as: CN113798659A

Abstract

An optical zoom focusing lens, a mechanical structure and optical structure thereof, and a usage method therefor. According to the optical structure of the zoom focusing laser lens, a collimator lens composed of two lenses and a focusing lens composed of two lenses are used to respectively carry out zooming and focusing independently, thereby greatly improving the design flexibility and simplifying the design process. According to the mechanical structure of the zoom focusing laser lens, a sleeve type mechanical structure composed of a lens frame (21,22), a sleeve (5) and a cam (6) and provided with a self-lubricating material is used for replacing a traditional mechanical structure, and the mechanical structure is simple in structure and small in size. The lens frame (21,22) and the sleeve (5) are in surface contact, the thermal conductivity of the self-lubricating material such as graphite is extremely good. The thermal conduction property of the structure is greatly improved, and water may be conveniently cooled inside the sleeve, so that the cooling problem of a system is thoroughly solved, and the limitation of a heat problem on the maximum use power of the system is relieved.

Description

Optical zoom focusing lens and its mechanical structure, optical structure and use method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of laser processing, and in particular relates to an optical zoom focusing lens and its mechanical structure, optical structure and use method thereof.

Background technique

In the laser processing process, in order to meet the processing requirements of different materials and materials with different thicknesses, it is often necessary to adjust the size of the laser spot and the height of the laser spot relative to the processing surface according to the process requirements. The former is called zoom, which is achieved by changing the focal length of the optical system in the device, only changing the size of the spot without changing the position of the spot; the latter is called focusing, which does not change the size of the spot, but only changes the position of the spot. In the laser processing system, the laser optical lens system usually adopts a combination structure of a collimating lens and a focusing lens, that is, the collimating lens changes the light emitted by the light source into parallel light, and the focusing lens focuses the parallel light on the working surface. This kind of structure design is flexible, and it is convenient to introduce auxiliary systems such as monitoring system and beam scanning vibration in the parallel optical path of the two, and expand the function of the equipment. In the existing combination structure of collimating lens and focusing lens, the method to achieve focusing is to move the position of the focusing lens, and the other is to add a small power lens in front of the focusing lens or the collimating lens, and focus by adjusting the lens position . The zoom function can be realized on the collimating lens or the focusing lens. Zoom and focus are two independent systems, implemented separately.

Figures 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams of a typical structure of an existing zoom optical system, including: a collimator lens group LC, a fixed lens group LG, a zoom lens group LT, and a compensation lens group LB consisting of a zoom beam expansion system, and a focus lens group LF . In this system, the collimating lens group and the zoom beam expanding group form a composite collimating lens system to achieve focal length change.

According to different applications, the power of the light processed by the laser processing zoom lens optical system ranges from several kilowatts to tens of thousands of watts. This type of optical system has the following problems:

1. If the laser optical system uses a zoom optical system, its price is extremely expensive. In addition to the complexity of the design, in order to reduce the number of lens elements and ensure image quality, aspheric mirrors are usually used in large numbers. For example: Huazhong University of Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center Ge Jiaqi et al. (Chinese Journal of Optics, Issue 2, 2019) gave a 7-element The lens design of the lens uses 3 aspherical lenses in this design; Shanghai Jiaqiang Automation Technology Co., Ltd. proposed a 4-lens technical solution (Chinese Patent Application No. CN201510566726.6), which uses 3 aspherical lenses. Due to the difficulty of processing an aspheric lens, the laser lens must be very expensive.

2. Since the optical glass material itself has material absorption and scattering, the light absorbed by the lens directly causes the temperature of the lens to rise, and the scattered light is used as the stray light to heat the device and the housing in the enclosed cavity of the optical system. In order to reduce the thermal lens effect caused by the temperature rise caused by the absorption of the material, it is necessary to use expensive high-purity glass materials.

3. Due to the imperfect optical lens coating technology, the current level of scattered light of high-power films is not less than 0.2%, which means that the stray light generated by each individual glass lens is not less than 0.4%. Obviously, the optical system , The increase in the number of glass lenses means an increase in stray light that generates heat. Let's take the design of Huazhong University of Science and Technology mentioned above as an example. If the laser power is 10,000 watts, the heating stray light generated by each piece is 40 watts, and the optical system composed of 7 lenses needs at least one protective glass, and the heating in the optical system The power of stray light is at least 320 watts. In order to eliminate the heat caused by these stray lights, the cooling system must be carefully designed. If the cooling effect is not good, the reliability of the optical system will be reduced.

In the laser processing zoom focus lens, the mechanical system that guarantees the realization of the optical system function must be carefully solved in high-power applications. The thermal problem caused by the optical system must be carefully solved. The existing problems of the existing structure are as follows:

The mechanical structure and method to realize the relative movement of the lenses in the zoom lens is: fix the lenses on their respective lens frames, connect each lens frame with a linear bearing and a guide rail, and then drive the lenses through a cam mounted on the bearing to achieve relative movement. Exercise to achieve the purpose of zooming. For the specific structure, please refer to the technical solution disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 201910637898.6.

In the laser optical system, due to the absorption and scattering of the lens itself and the light scattering caused by the imperfect coating on the lens surface, the temperature of the lens and the lens frame sealed inside the cam will increase, and the thermal conductivity of the linear bearing is poor, the lens and the lens The heat on the frame can only be transferred to the cam through the air, and the cam will also generate heat under the action of light. Part of the heat on the cam is transferred to the base through the bearing, and part is transferred through the air, because the cooling usually acts directly on the base Yes, rolling bearings are also poor heat conductors, which makes cooling design very difficult. Due to the poor heat dissipation effect, this traditional structure either limits the power of the zoom head, or causes the reliability of the optical system to deteriorate when using high power. In severe cases, it will cause performance degradation, such as thermal lens effects. In addition, this structure will also cause the mechanical system structure to be complicated, difficult to install, and larger in size.

Technical solutions

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical zoom focusing lens and its mechanical structure, optical structure and its use method, through a reasonable structural design, to enhance the working stability and controllability of the motion system, And by setting up a self-lubricating structure, the thermal conductivity of the system is greatly improved, the heat dissipation effect is improved, the durability and reliability of the equipment are ensured, and the high-power operation of the optical system is supported.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned objective, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a mechanical structure of an optical focus zoom lens, which includes a sleeve and a plurality of lens frames arranged in the sleeve. A sliding lens frame in which the sleeve axially slides, a self-lubricating material is arranged between the outer surface of the sliding lens frame and the inner surface of the sleeve, and the outer surface of the lens frame and the inner surface of the sleeve are realized by the self-lubricating material. Contact; a sliding groove is provided on the wall of the sleeve, the sliding groove is parallel to the axis of the sleeve; the sliding lens frame is connected with a shift lever, the shift lever extends out of the sliding groove, and slides through the shift lever The movement in the groove drives the movement of the sliding lens frame in the sleeve. In this mechanical structure, a certain designed and manufactured optical lens is installed on the lens frame to form a laser lens that meets certain requirements; according to the design parameters of the laser lens, the relative positions of the levers can be used. The zooming, focusing and simultaneous zooming and focusing functions of the lens composed of the multiple lenses are realized.

Further, the sleeve is sleeved with a cam, and a self-lubricating material is arranged between the outer wall of the sleeve and the inner wall of the cam, the cam is provided with a control groove, the control groove and the sliding groove are not parallel, the sliding lens The shift lever connected to the frame passes through the sliding groove and the control groove in sequence; by rotating the cam, the control groove drives the shift lever to move in the sliding groove, so that the lens frame moves in the sleeve.

Further, the sliding lens frame is made of a self-lubricating material, or the outer surface of the sliding lens frame is provided with a self-lubricating material layer, or the outer surface of the sliding lens frame is inlaid with a self-lubricating material; The surface is provided with a self-lubricating material layer, or the outer surface of the sleeve is inlaid with a self-lubricating material.

Further, the self-lubricating material is graphite, the sleeve is made of metal material, and the inside of the sleeve is a cylindrical hole.

The present invention also provides a zoom focusing optical structure. The optical structure includes a collimating lens and a focusing lens. The collimating lens transforms the light emitted by the light source into parallel light, and the focusing lens transforms the parallel light from the collimating lens. The light converges to the focal point; the collimating lens and the focusing lens each contain one lens or two lenses, and at least one of the collimating lens and the focusing lens contains two lenses, and the collimating lens and/or the focusing lens are used To realize the zoom and focus of the optical structure.

The present invention also provides a method of using a zoom focusing optical structure: when the zoom focusing function is performed through the collimating lens, the collimating lens is composed of a lens LC1 and a lens LC2; by changing the lens LC1 and the lens LC2 respectively The distance between the lens and the light source realizes zooming. The respective movement of the lens LC1 and the lens LC2 is determined by the change value of the position from the light source in the compound lens composed of two lenses before and after zooming; by comparing the lens LC1 and the lens LC2 adds the same amount of movement to achieve focusing, which is approximately equal to the amount of focus divided by the square of the ratio of the focal length of the focusing lens to the focal length of the collimating lens; required by simultaneously applying zoom and focus to the lenses LC1 and LC2 The amount of movement to achieve the zoom and focus of the optical system;

When zooming and focusing are performed through the focusing lens, the focusing lens is composed of a lens LF1 and a lens LF2; zooming is achieved by changing the distances between the lens LF1 and the lens LF2 and the focal point in the focusing lens, respectively. The respective movement amount of LF1 and lens LF2 is determined by the change value of the position from the focal point in the compound lens composed of lens LF1 and lens LF2 before and after zooming; by simultaneously applying the movement required for zooming and focusing to the lens LF1 and lens LF2 Volume, realize the zoom and focus of the optical system;

When zooming and focusing are performed jointly by the collimating lens and the focusing lens: the zooming and focusing functions of the collimating lens are combined with the zooming and focusing functions of the focusing lens, and the total zoom magnification is determined by the collimating lens It is determined by the product of the respective zoom magnifications of the focusing lens; the total focusing amount is determined by the sum of the focusing amounts of the collimating lens and the focusing lens.

The present invention also provides three types of zoom focusing laser lenses, of which the first type of zoom focusing laser lens adopts the mechanical structure of claim 2 and includes a fixed lens frame, two sliding lens frames, a tube and four lenses; Among the four lenses, two constitute a collimating lens, and the other two lenses constitute a focusing lens; the two lenses constituting the collimating lens are fixed on a fixed lens frame, and the fixed lens frame is fixedly arranged in the casing tube, And close to one end of the sleeve; the two lenses that make up the focusing lens are each fixed on a second sliding lens frame, and the two second sliding lens frames are adjacently arranged in the sleeve and close to the other end of the sleeve;

The sleeve is provided with two second sliding grooves parallel to the axis of the sleeve; each of the two second sliding lens frames is connected with a second shift lever, and one end of the second shift lever extends from the corresponding sliding groove. Middle extension; drag the two lenses that make up the focus lens through the two second levers to move to achieve zooming and focusing.

The second zoom focusing laser lens provided by the present invention adopts the mechanical structure of claim 3, and includes three sliding lens frames, a sleeve, a cam, and four lenses. Among the four lenses, two are composed The collimating lens, the other two lenses form a focusing lens. The two lenses that make up the collimating lens are respectively fixed on a first sliding lens frame, and the two first sliding lens frames are adjacently arranged in the tube and close to the tube One end; the two lenses that make up the focusing lens are both fixed on the second sliding lens frame, the second sliding lens frame is arranged in the sleeve and close to the other end of the sleeve;

The sleeve is provided with three sliding grooves along the axial direction, including two first sliding grooves and a second sliding groove, the cam is provided with two control grooves, the two first sliding grooves and two The control grooves cooperate one by one to form two sets of control structures; the two first sliding lens frames are each connected with a first shift lever, and the two first shift levers are respectively removed from the corresponding sliding groove and the control structure of the control groove. Extend; by rotating the cam to drive the two first levers to move, thereby driving the two lenses that make up the collimating lens to move in the sleeve to achieve zooming;

The second sliding groove is not covered by the cam. A second lever is connected to the second sliding lens frame. The second lever passes through the second sliding groove on the sleeve and is dragged by the second lever to form the two parts of the focusing lens. The lens moves inside the tube to achieve focusing.

The third zoom focusing laser lens provided by the present invention adopts the mechanical structure of claim 3, and includes four sliding lens frames, a sleeve, a cam, and four lenses. Among the four lenses, two are composed The collimating lens, the other two lenses form a focusing lens; the two lenses that make up the collimating lens are each fixed on a first sliding lens frame, and the two first sliding lens frames are adjacently arranged in the tube and close to the tube One end; the two lenses that make up the focusing lens are each fixed on a second sliding lens frame, and the two second sliding lens frames are adjacently arranged in the sleeve and close to the other end of the sleeve;

The sleeve is provided with four sliding grooves along the axial direction, including two first sliding grooves and two second sliding grooves; the cam is provided with two control grooves, the two first sliding grooves and The two control grooves cooperate one by one to form two groups of control structures; each of the two first sliding lens frames is connected with a first shift rod; Extend from the control structure; drive the two first levers to move by rotating the cam, thereby driving the two lenses that make up the collimating lens to move in the sleeve to achieve zooming;

The two second sliding grooves are not covered by the cams, so the two second sliding lens frames are each connected with a second shift lever, and the second shift lever passes through the corresponding second sliding groove on the sleeve; Drag the two levers to form the two lenses of the focusing lens to move inside the tube to achieve zooming and focusing;

The zoom rate of the laser lens is determined by the product of the zoom rate of the collimating lens and the zoom rate of the focusing lens.

Beneficial effect

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

The mechanical structure of the zoom focusing lens provided by the present invention enhances the working stability and controllability of the motion system through a reasonable design, and by setting a self-lubricating structure, the thermal conductivity of the system is greatly improved, The heat dissipation effect is improved, and the durability and reliability of the equipment are ensured. At the same time, the present invention also has the advantages of stable movement, small gap and low friction;

The method for using the zoom focusing optical structure provided by the present invention creatively uses a collimating lens composed of two lenses and a focusing lens composed of two lenses to independently zoom and focus, which greatly improves design flexibility and simplifies designing process. With this structure, at least three lenses can be used to complete zooming and focusing at the same time, and in these three structures, an aspheric lens is not even needed. In normal applications, 4 spherical lenses can meet most laser processing requirements. The advantage of this is that the thermal stray light generated by the lens is greatly reduced, and the spherical lens is adopted, which greatly reduces the cost of the optical system.

Furthermore, the zoom focus laser lens provided by the present invention creatively uses a self-lubricating material lens frame (the lens frame can be regarded as the outer jacket of the lens frame) sleeve type mechanical structure of the sleeve cam instead of the traditional base bearing cam guide linear The bearing-type mechanical structure makes the laser lens simple in structure and small in size; from a mechanical point of view, the laser lens in the present invention has a self-lubricating structure between the slider and the sleeve, and the sliding motion friction of the self-lubricating structure is small, It can meet the requirements of the laser lens; from the kinematics point of view, the sliding sleeve structure runs smoothly and the gap is small; from the thermal point of view, due to the surface contact between the sliding block and the sleeve, and the thermal conductivity of self-lubricating materials such as graphite is extremely high. Well, the thermal conductivity of the structure is greatly improved, and the heat in the casing can be quickly transferred to the outer surface. In this thermal conductive structure, water can be conveniently cooled inside the casing, which completely solves the cooling problem of the system and relieves the heat. The problem is the limitation of the maximum use power of the system.

Further, the present invention creatively implements the zoom and focus functions together, which simplifies the solution in the prior art that the zoom and focus need to be implemented by two independent optomechanical systems respectively, and reduces the cost of the system.

Description of the drawings

FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing optical zoom lens;

FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of the structure of a conventional zoom optical lens formed by 4 optical lenses;

2 is a schematic diagram of the zoom focusing optical structure proposed by the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical structure of the zoom focusing lens proposed by the present invention;

Fig. 4A is a schematic diagram of a structure in which the outer surface of the lens frame is coated with a self-lubricating material;

FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the self-lubricating material is embedded on the outer surface of the lens frame;

5 is a schematic diagram of another mechanical structure of the zoom focus lens proposed by the present invention;

6 is a schematic diagram of a self-lubricating material on the outer wall of the sleeve in the mechanical structure of the zoom focus lens proposed by the present invention;

7 is a schematic diagram of the cam in the mechanical structure of the zoom laser lens proposed by the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the movement track of the convergent section of the zoom lens group on the optical axis in the zoom laser lens proposed by the present invention.

Among them: LC is a collimating lens group, LG is a fixed lens group, LT is a zoom lens group, LB is a compensation lens group, LF is a focusing lens group, LC1 and LC2 are lenses in a collimating lens, LF1 and LF2 are focusing lenses 21 is the first sliding lens frame, 22 is the second sliding lens frame, 3T is the self-lubricating material layer set on the outer surface of the lens frame, and 3X is the self-lubricating material embedded on the outer surface of the lens frame; 41 is the first lever, 42 is the second lever; 5 is the casing, 5B is the casing base, 5X is the self-lubricating material embedded in the casing, 5C1 is the first sliding groove, and 5C2 is the second sliding groove ; 6 is a cam, 61 is the first control groove, 62 is the second control groove.

Embodiments of the present invention

The following describes in detail a zoom focusing optical structure and its working method and laser lens proposed by the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In the present invention, the optical structure of the zoom focusing laser lens is composed of a collimating lens and a focusing lens. The collimating lens transforms the spot beam emitted by the light source into a parallel beam, and the focusing lens focuses the parallel beam emitted by the collimating lens into a spot beam. In the present invention, the optical structure we propose: 1) The collimating lens can be used to independently realize the optical zoom operation, or the zoom focusing operation can be completed independently at the same time; 2) The focusing lens can be used to realize the optical zoom operation independently or independently At the same time, complete the zoom and focus operation; 3) The collimator lens and the focus lens can be used to perform the zoom and focus operations independently at the same time, and the two can be combined to achieve a more flexible zoom and focus operation. The specific method to achieve zoom focus is:

When the focusing lens is fixed and the collimating lens is used to achieve zooming and focusing, the collimating lens is composed of lens LC1 and lens LC2; the method of collimating lens to achieve zooming is: by changing the lens LC1 and lens LC2 in the collimating lens and the light source respectively The distance between the two lenses to achieve zooming, the respective movement of the lens LC1 and the lens LC2 is determined by the change value of the position from the light source in the compound lens composed of two lenses before and after zooming; the method of achieving simultaneous zooming and focusing of the collimating lens is: On the basis of the zoom amount, add the same amount of movement to the lens LC1 and the lens LC2, which is equal to the focus amount divided by the square of the ratio of the focal length of the focusing lens head to the focal length of the collimating lens, to realize the optical system of the present invention Zoom and focus.

When the collimating lens is fixed and the focusing lens is used to achieve zooming and focusing, the focusing lens is composed of lens LF1 and lens LF2; the method to achieve zooming is to change the distance between the lens LF1 and lens LF2 in the focusing lens and the focal point, respectively To achieve zooming, the amount of movement of the lens LF1 and the lens LF2 is determined by the change value of the position from the focal point in the compound lens composed of two lenses before and after zooming; the method to achieve simultaneous zooming and focusing is: on the basis of the aforementioned zoom amount, Adding the same amount of focus to the lens LF1 and lens LF2 can simultaneously achieve zoom and focus.

When the collimating lens and the focusing lens jointly realize the zooming and focusing function: the zooming and focusing functions of the collimating lens and the zooming and focusing functions of the focusing lens are flexibly combined to meet various requirements, that is, the total optical system The zoom magnification of is determined by the product of the respective zoom magnifications of the collimating lens and the focusing lens; the total focusing amount is determined by the sum of the focusing amounts of the collimating lens and the focusing lens.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the collimating lens and the focusing lens are only used as fixed non-zoom lenses. They can contain only one lens. The advantage of using one lens is to reduce the thermal stray light in the system and improve the working efficiency of the system. Stability also reduces costs. Of course, according to actual usage requirements, under this usage requirement, the collimating lens and the focusing lens can also contain two lenses. In addition, in the optical system of this embodiment, the collimating lens and the focusing lens can also be composed of two spherical lenses. The advantage is that the spherical lens has high maturity and stability, and can further reduce the system cost. For the selection of lenses, it should be noted that the lenses that make up the collimating lens and the focusing lens can be spherical or aspherical lenses, which can be selected according to actual needs. The spherical lens is low in cost and the aspheric lens has good image quality.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical structure of the zoom focusing laser lens proposed by the present invention. Among them, the lenses LC1 and LC2 form a collimating lens, and the lenses LF1 and LF2 form a focusing lens. This is an optical system composed of four lenses. Four spherical lenses can be used to achieve zooming and focusing operations, which are similar to those disclosed in the prior art. Compared with the lens system with the same function, the lens system of the present invention is simple and reasonable to set up, and has obvious advantages in cost.

In fact, it should be noted that the zoom focusing optical structure can be achieved with at least three lenses, that is, a fixed lens adopts one lens, and a zoom lens adopts two lenses for zooming. There is no other publicly available that only uses three lenses to achieve zooming. Optical structure scheme.

In order to solve the thermal problem caused by the stray light of the optical lens in the high-power laser processing system, the present invention also provides a mechanical structure of a zoom focusing laser lens. As shown in FIG. Lens frame; the lens frame is arranged in the sleeve and slides along the axial direction of the sleeve; the wall of the sleeve is provided with a sliding groove in a direction parallel to the axis of the inner hole; Extend; at least one surface of the outer surface of the lens frame and the inner surface of the sleeve has self-lubricating material; in this mechanical structure, the shift lever is moved axially along the inner hole of the sleeve in the sliding groove , Used to drive the lens frame to move inside the tube; in this mechanical structure, the middle of the lens frame is a light hole, and an optical lens is installed on the lens frame to form a laser lens that meets certain requirements; according to the laser Lens design parameters, the relative position of the lens frame is adjusted through the corresponding lever, and then the lens on the lens frame is driven to move to the desired position, achieving the zoom and/or focusing function of the lens composed of multiple lenses. As shown in Figure 3, in the mechanical structure: the sleeve is made of metal material with a cylindrical hole inside. Metal and cylindrical holes are used because they are easy to process, have good thermal conductivity, and can control the processing accuracy; the outer surface of the lens frame It is a cylindrical surface, and the cylindrical surface is used because it is convenient to process; the lens frame is made of self-lubricating material, or the outer surface of the lens frame is provided with a layer of self-lubricating material, or the outer surface of the lens frame is inlaid with self-lubricating material As shown in Figure 4B, in the embodiment given in Figure 4B, the selected solution is to open a hole in the lens frame, the hole is embedded with self-lubricating material, the self-lubricating material is graphite sheet, the graphite sheet is placed in the hole It is set on the contact surface between the lens frame and the sleeve, that is, the sleeve and the lens frame are in contact with graphite. During the sliding process, the graphite can perform sufficient self-lubrication to ensure the controllability and stability of the movement. It can effectively improve the accuracy of movement, and graphite also has low cost and good stability, has very good durability, and has a very good service life in actual use. In addition, graphite has good thermal conductivity, and the lens frame and sleeve The contact between the tubes is through graphite, and it is in surface contact, which greatly improves the heat conduction, enhances the heat dissipation performance of the system, and enhances the stability of the system.

As shown in Figure 4A, in this embodiment, graphite is laid on the outer surface of the lens frame in a whole layer laying method. Specifically, it is laid between the lens frame and the sleeve. The whole layer laying further enhances the thermal conductivity. Effect. Of course, in some other embodiments, it can also be considered to directly use graphite to make the lens frame.

As shown in Figure 5, in another embodiment of the present invention, the mechanical structure further includes a cam 6 sleeved on the sleeve 5, and a self-lubricating material is also arranged between the outer wall of the sleeve 5 and the cam 6; The cam 6 is provided with a control groove, which is not parallel to the sliding groove on the sleeve 5; the control groove and the sliding groove cooperate one by one to form a control structure, and the lever connected to the lens frame passes through the control structure; specifically, The control groove and the sliding groove have an intersection, and a through hole for the lever to extend is formed at the intersection. By rotating the cam 6, the intersection is translated on the sliding groove, and then the lever is driven to drive the lens frame in the sleeve 5. Move, the moving direction is along the direction of the sliding groove, the sliding groove is opened parallel to the axis of the sleeve, that is, the lens frame and the lens are translated parallel to the axis of the sleeve; in the actual lens design, the specific lens is adjusted according to the design requirements Combined with this mechanical structure, a specific zoom lens is completed.

Similarly, a self-lubricating material is also arranged between the outer surface of the sleeve 5 and the inner surface of the cam, which ensures the controllable adjustment of the cam 6 on the sleeve 5. The self-lubricating material can be arranged in various ways, and a sleeve is commonly used. The outer surface of the pipe 5 is coated with self-lubricating material, or self-lubricating material is embedded on the outer surface of the self-lubricating material; as shown in Figure 6, a number of inlay grooves are opened on the outer surface of the sleeve 5, and the self-lubricating material is put into the inlay grooves The setting of the self-lubricating material is completed. In addition, the self-lubricating material embedded on the outer wall of the sleeve 5 is preferably a graphite sheet.

In addition, for the mechanical structure given in the present invention, it should be noted that the mechanical structure of the zoom focusing laser lens is not only applicable to the optical structure provided by the present invention, but can be applied to all zoom lenses!

Figure 3 shows a specific schematic diagram of the mechanical structure. Three lens frames are provided in the sleeve 5, including a first lens frame 21 and two second lens frames 22. The first lens frame 21 is directly fixed on the sleeve. In the tube 5, two second lens frames 22 are adjacently arranged in the sleeve 5 and can move along the axis of the sleeve in the sleeve. The structure of the two second lens frames 22 is shown in FIG. 4; as shown in FIG. 6, the sleeve Two second sliding grooves 5C2 are opened on the wall of the tube 5 along the direction parallel to the axis of the inner hole of the sleeve 5. Among them, the two second lens frames 22 are each connected to a second shift rod 42 which extends from The corresponding second sliding groove 5C2 extends; in this structure: the lens frame can be made of self-lubricating material as a whole; it can also be composed of the slider base and the self-lubricating coating on it, as shown in Figure 4A, 3T It is a self-lubricating material layer provided on the outer surface of the lens frame; as shown in FIG. 4B, it can also be made by inserting a self-lubricating material 3X on the outer surface of the lens frame. Generally, the lens frame is made of graphite, and the self-lubricating material inlaid is graphite flakes, because graphite has excellent thermal conductivity and low cost.

Figure 5 shows another schematic diagram of the mechanical structure. The structure includes three lens frames, two levers, a sleeve 5 and a cam 6, wherein the three lens frames include two first sliding lens frames 21 With a second sliding lens frame 22, two first sliding lens frames 21 are adjacently arranged in the sleeve 5 and can move along the axis of the inner hole of the sleeve 5. The second sliding lens frame 22 is directly fixed in the sleeve 5 There is a self-lubricating material on the outer wall of the sleeve 5, the structure is shown in Figure 6, the outer wall of the sleeve 5 has two first sliding grooves 5C1 along the direction parallel to the axis of the inner hole, and the outer wall of the sleeve 5 is inlaid with a self-lubricating material 5X The structure of the cam 6 is shown in Figure 7. The cam 6 is provided with control grooves, which are the first control groove 61 and the second control groove 62 respectively, and the control groove and the sliding groove are not parallel; the cam 6 is sleeved on the sleeve 5, A self-lubricating material is arranged between the cam 6 and the outer wall of the sleeve 5; the two first sliding grooves 5C1 cooperate with the first control groove 61 and the second control groove 62 one by one to form a control structure, the first sliding groove 5C1 and the first The control groove 61 cooperates to form a first control structure, and the first sliding groove 5C1 and the second control groove 62 cooperate to form a second control structure. Each of the two first sliding lens frames 21 is connected to a first shift lever 41. 41 through the corresponding control structure. In this mechanical structure, the control structure is composed of a sliding groove and a control groove one by one. The sliding groove and the control groove have an intersection. The shift lever passes through the intersection of the sliding groove and the control groove. By changing the position of the intersection of the sliding groove and the control groove in the control structure, the first lever 41 can drag the first lens frame 21 to move in the axial direction of the sleeve 5. Usually, the self-lubricating material embedded on the outer wall of the casing is graphite flakes.

Based on the mechanical structure and optical structure already introduced, the present invention provides a zoom focusing laser lens, including four lenses, three lens frames, two levers and a sleeve; among them, two of the four lenses are composed of The collimating lens transforms the spot beam emitted by the light source into a parallel beam, and the other two lenses form a focusing lens lens to realize the transformation from parallel beam to spot beam and realize the zoom and focus function; the two lenses constituting the collimating lens are fixed in On a fixed lens frame, the fixed lens frame is fixed in the tube and is close to one end of the tube 5; the two lenses that make up the focusing lens are each fixed on a second sliding lens frame 22, and two second sliding lens frames 22 is arranged adjacently in the sleeve 5 and close to the other end of the sleeve 5; the sleeve 5 is on the wall of one end where the collimating lens is not installed, and is parallel to the inner side at a 180-degree interval around the circumference. Two second sliding grooves 5C2 are opened in the direction of the hole axis. Each of the two second sliding lens frames 22 is connected to a second lever 42. One end of the second lever 42 protrudes from the corresponding sliding groove; In this lens, a collimating lens composed of two lenses installed at one end of the tube 5 converts the light from the light source into parallel light, and a focusing lens composed of two lenses installed at the other end of the tube 5 will come from the collimating lens Parallel light is transformed into points. By adjusting the positions of the two focus lenses on the sliding lens frame at the same time, the focus position of the focus lens can be changed, that is, focusing; the focus lens can be realized by changing the positions of the two sliding lens frames in the focus lens The change of focal length, that is, zooming, can also change the focal length and focal position of the focusing lens at the same time to achieve zooming and focusing.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a laser lens, which includes four lenses, three lens frames, three levers, a sleeve, and a cam. Among them, two of the four lenses form a collimator. Straight lens, which transforms the spot beam emitted by the light source into a parallel beam to realize the zoom function. The other two lenses form a focusing lens lens to realize the transformation from the parallel beam to the spot beam and realize the focusing function; the two lenses constituting the collimating lens are fixed respectively On a first sliding lens frame 21, two first sliding lens frames 21 are adjacently arranged in the sleeve 5 and close to one end of the sleeve 5; the two lenses constituting the focusing lens are fixed in a second sliding lens frame 22, the second sliding lens frame 22 is arranged in the sleeve 5, and is close to the other end of the sleeve 5. For the structure of the second sliding lens frame 22, refer to FIG. The lens can be installed and fixed; two first sliding grooves 21 are opened on the wall of one end of the sleeve where the collimating lens is installed along the direction parallel to the axis of the inner hole, and the wall where the focusing lens is installed on the other end is parallel to the inner hole A second sliding groove 22 is opened in the axial direction; a cam 6 is provided on the sleeve 5, and the cam 6 is provided at one end of the sleeve 5 where the collimating lens is installed, and a self-lubricating material is provided between the outer wall of the sleeve 5 and the cam 6, Two control grooves are provided on the cam. The two first sliding grooves 21 cooperate with the two control grooves one by one to form a control structure. The two first sliding lens frames 21 are each connected to a first shift lever 41, and the first shift lever 4 1 Pass the corresponding control structure; the second sliding groove 22 is not covered by the cam, the second sliding lens frame 21 is connected to the second shift lever 42, and the second sliding groove 22 through which the second shift lever 42 passes; in the lens, A collimating lens composed of two lenses is installed at one end of the sleeve 5 to convert the light from the light source into parallel light, and the focal length of the collimating lens can be changed by rotating the cam 6 to drive the lever to move; it is installed at the other end of the sleeve The focusing lens transforms the parallel light from the collimating lens into points, and the focusing lens is moved in the casing by dragging the lever to realize the change of the focus position of the focusing lens, that is, focusing.

The present invention proposes a third preferred zoom focusing laser lens: consisting of four lenses, four lens frames, four sliders, four levers, a sleeve and a cam, wherein: of the four lenses Two of the four lenses form a collimating lens, which transforms the spot beam emitted by the light source into a parallel beam to realize the zoom function; the other two lenses of the four lenses form a focusing lens, which realizes the transformation from parallel beam to spot beam, and realizes zooming and focusing Function; the two lenses that make up the collimating lens are each fixed on a first sliding lens frame 21, and the two first lens frames 21 are adjacently arranged in the sleeve 5 and close to one end of the sleeve 5; the The two lenses that make up the focusing lens are each fixed on a second sliding lens frame 22, and the two second lens frames 22 are adjacently arranged in the sleeve 5 and close to the other end of the sleeve 5; the sleeve 5 is installed correctly Two first sliding grooves 5C1 are opened on the wall of one end of the straight lens along the direction parallel to the axis of the inner hole, and two first sliding grooves 5C1 are opened on the wall where the focusing lens is installed on the other end at a distance of 180 degrees in the direction parallel to the axis of the inner hole. The second sliding groove 5C2; the sleeve 5 is provided with a cam 6, and the cam 6 is provided at one end of the sleeve 5 where the collimating lens is installed, and a self-lubricating material is provided between the outer wall of the sleeve 5 and the cam 6, on the cam 6 There are two control grooves. The two first sliding grooves 5C1 cooperate with the two control grooves one by one to form two groups of control structures; each of the two first sliding lens frames 21 is connected with a first shift lever 41, The rod 41 extends from the control structure; each of the two second lens frames 22 is connected to a second lever 42 which extends from the second sliding groove 5C2; in the lens, it is installed at one end of the sleeve 5 The collimating lens composed of two lenses converts the light from the light source into parallel light. By rotating the cam 6, the first lever 41 drives the collimating lens to slide in the sleeve 5 to realize the change of focal length; The focusing lens composed of two lenses at the other end of the tube 5 transforms the parallel light from the collimating lens into points, and the focusing lens is moved in the casing 5 by dragging the second lever 42 to realize the focus size of the focusing lens And the change of position, namely zoom and focus; the zoom rate of the lens is determined by the product of the zoom rate of the collimating lens and the zoom rate of the focusing lens.

In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a laser lens with zoom focusing capability is designed. The light source output fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.1 and a diameter of 100 microns. The required zoom range is 130 microns to 230 microns, and the focus range is plus 15 mm minus 30 mm. . We adopt the first preferred lens solution proposed by the present invention, that is, the collimating lens is fixed, and the focusing lens realizes zooming and focusing. The specific design parameters are: the focal length of the collimating lens is 80 mm, which is composed of two spherical lenses; the focal length of the focusing lens is changed from 104 mm to 184 mm, which is composed of two spherical lenses; the diameter of all lenses is 20 mm, and the effective clear aperture is 17 mm; The two lenses that make up the collimating lens are mounted on a lens frame and fixed at one end of the tube; the focal lengths of the two lenses that make up the focusing lens are 387.86 and 139.21, respectively, and they are fixed on a lens frame; the outer diameter of the lens frame 27 mm is made of graphite; the inner diameter of the casing is 27 mm, and two sliding grooves are opened at a position 180 degrees apart from each other. The two sliding grooves are separated by an angle of 180 degrees on the circumference of the casing to facilitate power The setting of the device; the lever is connected with the lens frame through the groove on the sleeve. The two levers are driven by a stepping motor through a screw rod to achieve linear motion. According to the requirements of zoom and focus parameters, the motor sends position instructions to achieve the required zoom and focus. Fig. 8 is a diagram of the relative position change law of two zoom lenses, the abscissa is the required magnification, and the ordinate is the distance of the lens relative to the working point of the light spot under the specified magnification.

In another specific embodiment of the present invention, a laser lens with zoom focusing capability is designed. The light source output fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.1 and a diameter of 100 microns. The required zoom range is 130 microns to 183 microns, and the focus range is 15 mm to minus 30 mm. . We adopt the second preferred lens solution proposed by the present invention, that is, the collimating lens zooms, and the focusing lens achieves focusing. The specific design parameters are: the focusing lens contains a spherical lens with a focal length of 104 mm. The lens is fixed on the lens frame and fixed on a lens frame made of graphite; the collimating lens contains two lenses with focal lengths of 177.07 mm and 177.07 mm. 79.47mm, the focal length changes from 56.9mm to 80mm, and the two lenses are each mounted on a lens frame; all lens diameters are 20 mm, and the effective clear aperture is 17 mm; the outer diameter of all lens frames is 27 mm, and the inner diameter of the tube is 27 mm. The outer diameter is 35 mm, and the outer diameter of the graphite self-lubricating material inlaid on the outer wall is 36 mm. Among them, the two lenses that make up the collimating lens are zoomed by a cam driven by a motor, and the inner diameter of the cam is 36 mm. The focusing lens used for focusing is driven by the motor to drive the screw rod and then the lever on the slider to achieve focusing movement.

In the third specific embodiment of the present invention, a laser lens with zoom focusing capability is designed. The light source output fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.1 and a diameter of 100 microns. The required zoom range is 130 microns to 323 microns, and the focus range is 15 mm to minus 30. Mm. We adopt the third preferred lens solution proposed by the present invention, that is, the collimating lens zooms, and the focusing lens realizes zooming and focusing at the same time. The specific design parameters are: the focusing lens contains 2 spherical lenses with focal lengths of 387.86 and 139.21, and the zoom range is from 104 mm to 184 mm; the collimating lens contains two spherical lenses with focal lengths of 177.07 mm and 79.47 mm, respectively. 56.9 mm changed to 80 mm. All four lenses have a diameter of 20 mm and an effective clear aperture of 17 mm. They are installed on a lens frame made of graphite. The outer diameter of the slider is 27 mm. The sleeve is made of stainless steel. The inner diameter is 27 mm. Two sliding grooves are opened on the walls at both ends in a direction parallel to the axis of the inner hole at a distance of 180 degrees; a collimating lens composed of two lenses and a focusing lens composed of two lenses are arranged at the inner ends of the sleeve; The outer wall of the collimating lens of the sleeve is inlaid with graphite material for self-lubrication. The outer diameter of the graphite is 36 mm, and a cam is sleeved on it. The rotation of the cam drives the collimating lens to zoom. The focusing lens installed at the other end of the tube can focus and focus by directly dragging the lever installed on the lens frame. Obviously, this solution is easy to produce a large zoom range.

It should be noted that, compared with the prior art, the optical structure and mechanical structure of the zoom focusing laser lens provided by the present invention are more ingenious because the structure design is more ingenious, the number of components in the system is reduced, the structure is simpler, and the volume can be made larger. In addition, the reasonable design of the mechanical structure of the present invention enhances the working stability and controllability of the motion system, and greatly improves the thermal conductivity of the system, improves the heat dissipation effect, and ensures the durability and reliability of the equipment At the same time, the present invention also has the advantages of smooth motion, small gap, and low friction; the present invention simultaneously achieves zooming and focusing functions on a system, and the ultimate goal of these beneficial effects is to reduce the cost of the system.

Claims

A mechanical structure of a zoom focusing lens, which is characterized in that it comprises a sleeve (5) and a plurality of lens frames arranged in the sleeve (5). At least one of the lens frames can be located on the inner edge of the sleeve (5). A sliding lens frame (22) in which the sleeve axially slides, a self-lubricating material is arranged between the outer surface of the sliding lens frame and the inner surface of the sleeve (5), and the outer surface of the lens frame and the sleeve (5) The inner surface of the self-lubricating material achieves surface contact.
The mechanical structure of a zoom focusing lens according to claim 1, wherein a sliding groove is formed on the wall of the sleeve (5), and the sliding groove is parallel to the axis of the sleeve (5); A shift lever is connected to the sliding lens frame, the shift lever extends out of the sliding groove, and the movement of the shift lever in the sliding groove drives the movement of the sliding lens frame in the sleeve (5).
The mechanical structure of an optical focus zoom lens according to claim 2, wherein a cam (6) is sleeved on the sleeve (5), and the outer wall of the sleeve (5) and the inner wall of the cam (6) A self-lubricating material is arranged between the cam (6), a control groove is opened on the cam (6), and the control groove is not parallel to the sliding groove, and the lever connected to the sliding lens frame sequentially passes through the sliding groove and the control groove; by rotating the cam (6) The control groove drives the lever to move in the sliding groove to realize the movement of the lens frame in the sleeve (5).
The mechanical structure of an optical focus zoom lens according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein the sliding lens frame is made of self-lubricating material, or the outer surface of the sliding lens frame is provided with There is a self-lubricating material layer (3T), or the outer surface of the sliding lens frame is inlaid with a self-lubricating material (3X); the outer surface of the sleeve (5) is provided with a self-lubricating material layer, or the sleeve (5) The outer surface is inlaid with self-lubricating material (5X).
The mechanical structure of an optical focus zoom lens according to claim 1, wherein the self-lubricating material is graphite, the sleeve (5) is made of metal material, and the sleeve (5) has a cylindrical hole in it .
A zoom focusing optical structure, characterized in that: the optical structure includes a collimating lens and a focusing lens, the collimating lens transforms the light emitted by the light source into parallel light, and the focusing lens transforms the parallel light from the collimating lens The light converges to the focal point; the collimating lens and the focusing lens each contain one lens or two lenses, and at least one of the collimating lens and the focusing lens contains two lenses, and the collimating lens and/or the focusing lens are used To realize the zoom and focus of the optical structure.
The method of using a zoom focusing optical structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: when the zoom focusing function is performed by the collimating lens, the collimating lens is composed of a lens LC1 and a lens LC2; The distance between the lens LC1 and the lens LC2 and the light source realizes zooming, and the respective movement amount of the lens LC1 and the lens LC2 is determined by the change value of the position from the light source in the compound lens composed of two lenses before and after zooming; The lens LC1 and the lens LC2 are added with the same amount of movement to achieve focusing, which is approximately equal to the amount of focus divided by the square of the ratio of the focal length of the focusing lens to the focal length of the collimating lens; by simultaneously adjusting the lens LC1 and LC2 applies the amount of movement required for zoom and focus to achieve the zoom and focus of the optical system;

When zooming and focusing are performed through the focusing lens, the focusing lens is composed of a lens LF1 and a lens LF2; zooming is achieved by changing the distances between the lens LF1 and the lens LF2 and the focal point in the focusing lens, respectively. The respective movement amount of LF1 and lens LF2 is determined by the change value of the position from the focal point in the compound lens composed of lens LF1 and lens LF2 before and after zooming; by simultaneously applying the movement required for zooming and focusing to the lens LF1 and lens LF2 Volume, realize the zoom and focus of the optical system;

When zooming and focusing are performed jointly by the collimating lens and the focusing lens: the zooming and focusing functions of the collimating lens are combined with the zooming and focusing functions of the focusing lens, and the total zoom magnification is determined by the collimating lens It is determined by the product of the respective zoom magnifications of the focusing lens; the total focusing amount is determined by the sum of the focusing amounts of the collimating lens and the focusing lens.
A zoom focusing laser lens, characterized in that it adopts the mechanical structure of claim 2 and comprises a fixed lens frame, two sliding lens frames, a tube and four lenses; of the four lenses, two A collimating lens is formed, and the other two lenses are a focusing lens; the two lenses forming the collimating lens are fixed on a fixed lens frame, and the fixed lens frame is fixedly arranged in the casing (5) and is close to the casing ( 5) One end; the two lenses that make up the focusing lens are each fixed on a second sliding lens frame, and the two second sliding lens frames (22) are adjacently arranged in the sleeve and close to the other end of the sleeve;

The sleeve (5) is provided with two second sliding grooves (5C2) parallel to the axis of the sleeve; each of the two second sliding lens frames (22) is connected with a second lever (42) , One end of the second lever (42) extends from the corresponding sliding groove; the two lenses forming the focus lens are moved by dragging the two second levers (42) to realize zooming and focusing.
A zoom focusing laser lens, characterized by adopting the mechanical structure of claim 3, comprising three sliding lens frames, a sleeve, a cam, and four lenses. Among the four lenses, two of the four lenses are composed of Straight lens, the other two lenses form a focusing lens. The two lenses forming the collimator lens are respectively fixed on a first sliding lens frame (21), and the two first sliding lens frames (21) are adjacently arranged on the tube ( 5) and close to one end of the sleeve (5); the two lenses that make up the focusing lens are both fixed on the second sliding lens frame (22), and the second sliding lens frame (22) is arranged on the sleeve (5). ) And close to the other end of the casing (5);

The sleeve is provided with three sliding grooves along the axial direction, including two first sliding grooves (5C1) and a second sliding groove (5C2). The cam (6) is provided with two control grooves. The two first sliding grooves (5C1) cooperate with the two control grooves one by one to form two groups of control structures; the two first sliding lens frames (21) are each connected with a first lever (41), and the two The two first shift levers (41) respectively extend from the corresponding sliding groove and the control structure of the control groove; the two first shift levers (41) are driven to move by rotating the cam (6), thereby driving the two components of the collimating lens The lens moves inside the casing (5) to achieve zooming;

The second sliding groove (5C3) is not covered by the cam (6), a second shift lever (42) is connected to the second sliding lens frame (22), and the second shift lever (42) passes through the sleeve (5) The second sliding groove (5C2) of the second lever (42) is used to drag the two lenses forming the focusing lens to move in the sleeve (5) to achieve focusing.
A zoom focusing laser lens, characterized by adopting the mechanical structure of claim 3, comprising four sliding lens frames, a sleeve, a cam, and four lenses. Among the four lenses, two of the four lenses are composed of Straight lens, the other two lenses form a focusing lens; the two lenses that make up the collimator lens are each fixed on a first sliding lens frame (21), and the two first sliding lens frames (21) are adjacently arranged on the tube ( 5) and close to one end of the sleeve (5); the two lenses that make up the focusing lens are each fixed on a second sliding lens frame (22), and the two second sliding lens frames (22) are adjacently arranged in the sleeve Inside the tube (5) and close to the other end of the casing (5);

The sleeve is provided with four sliding grooves along the axial direction, including two first sliding grooves (5C1) and two second sliding grooves (5C2); the cam is provided with two control grooves, the two One first sliding groove (5C1) and two control grooves cooperate one by one to form two groups of control structures; each of the two first sliding lens frames (21) is connected with a first lever (41); The two first shift levers (41) respectively extend from the corresponding sliding groove and the control structure of the control groove; the two first shift levers (41) are driven to move by rotating the cam (6), thereby driving the two components of the collimating lens The lens is moved inside the tube (5) to achieve zooming;

The two second sliding grooves (5C2) are not covered by the cam (6), a second shift lever (42) is connected to each of the two second sliding lens frames, and the second shift lever (42) passes through the sleeve (5) Corresponding second sliding groove (5C2) on (5); drag the two lenses that make up the focusing lens through the two second levers (42) to move in the casing (5) to achieve zooming and focusing;

The zoom rate of the laser lens is determined by the product of the zoom rate of the collimating lens and the zoom rate of the focusing lens.