WO2021238217A1 - 单频圆极化定位天线和可穿戴设备 - Google Patents

单频圆极化定位天线和可穿戴设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021238217A1
WO2021238217A1 PCT/CN2020/142292 CN2020142292W WO2021238217A1 WO 2021238217 A1 WO2021238217 A1 WO 2021238217A1 CN 2020142292 W CN2020142292 W CN 2020142292W WO 2021238217 A1 WO2021238217 A1 WO 2021238217A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
long side
inverted
circular polarization
frequency
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PCT/CN2020/142292
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
江清华
张晓�
梅波
钟增培
曾麒渝
Original Assignee
广东小天才科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202010470797.7A external-priority patent/CN111478055A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202020941597.0U external-priority patent/CN211743422U/zh
Application filed by 广东小天才科技有限公司 filed Critical 广东小天才科技有限公司
Priority to EP20938367.8A priority Critical patent/EP4160821A1/en
Publication of WO2021238217A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021238217A1/zh
Priority to US17/994,238 priority patent/US11967779B2/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/48Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas
    • H01Q5/49Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas with parasitic elements used for purposes other than for dual-band or multi-band, e.g. imbricated Yagi antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the field of antenna technology, and in particular relates to a single-frequency circular polarization positioning antenna and a wearable device.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a single-frequency circular polarization positioning antenna and a wearable device, aiming to solve the technical problem of low positioning accuracy of the antenna of the existing wearable device.
  • the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a single-frequency circular polarization positioning antenna, including:
  • An inverted-F antenna the inverted-F antenna has a first long side, a feeding end, and a first ground end, and the distance from the feeding end to the end of the first long side is less than or greater than the distance from the first ground end to the The distance of the end of the first long side,
  • a parasitic antenna is coupled with the end of the first long side by a slot, the parasitic antenna is arranged on one side of the end of the first long side, and the inverted F antenna is at an angle to the parasitic antenna ;
  • the electrical signals on the inverted-F antenna and the parasitic antenna satisfy the same amplitude and phase difference of 90°.
  • the parasitic antenna is an inverted F type
  • the parasitic antenna has a second long side, a second ground terminal, and a third ground terminal
  • the second ground terminal is close to the end of the first long side
  • the end of the second long side is far away from the end of the first long side
  • the distance from the second ground end to the end of the second long side is greater than the distance from the third ground end to the second long side Distance from the end.
  • the parasitic antenna is an inverted L shape
  • the parasitic antenna has a second long side and a second ground terminal, the second ground terminal is close to the end of the first long side, and the second long side The end of the side is away from the end of the first long side.
  • the parasitic antenna is T-shaped, the parasitic antenna has a second long side and a second ground terminal, the second ground terminal is close to the end of the first long side, and the second long side The end of is away from the end of the first long side.
  • the inverted F antenna and/or the parasitic antenna is loaded with an inductance device.
  • the inductance device is a lumped inductance or a distributed inductance.
  • An inverted-F antenna the inverted-F antenna has a first long side, a feeding end, and a first ground end, and the distance from the feeding end to the end of the first long side is less than or greater than the distance from the first ground end to the The distance of the end of the first long side;
  • a parasitic antenna the parasitic antenna has a second long side, the end of the second long side is spaced apart from and coupled to the end of the first long side, and the parasitic antenna is arranged on one side of the end of the first long side, And the inverted F antenna and the parasitic antenna are at an angle;
  • the parasitic antenna is inverted L-shaped or T-shaped, the parasitic antenna further includes a second ground terminal, and the distance from the second ground terminal to the end of the second long side is greater than or less than The distance to the beginning of the second long side.
  • a substrate is further included, and the inverted F antenna and the parasitic antenna are erected on the substrate.
  • a coupling gap is formed between the end of the first long side and the second long side, and the coupling gap is adjusted to adjust the degree of coupling between the inverted F antenna and the parasitic antenna.
  • a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a wearable device, including a circuit board and the single-frequency circular polarization positioning antenna as described above, and the feeding end of the inverted F antenna is connected to the first circuit board. Radio frequency port, the first ground terminal of the inverted F antenna is connected to the ground port of the circuit board. .
  • Figure 2 shows a double-fed circularly polarized antenna based on an external phase shifter/power splitter
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic structural diagram of a single-frequency circular polarization positioning antenna according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a simulation diagram of a top two-dimensional axial ratio of a single-frequency circular polarization positioning antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-frequency circular polarization positioning antenna according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is an equivalent circuit model of a single-frequency circular polarization positioning antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is the theoretical simulation value of the axial ratio and main polarization gain of the single-frequency circular polarization positioning antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • One of the basic functions of smart wearable devices is positioning and navigation.
  • the improvement of positioning accuracy can significantly improve user experience, which is one of the key technical difficulties in the current industry.
  • the positioning accuracy can be improved through algorithms and hardware.
  • the technical bottleneck is mainly in the hardware, especially the antenna, which is mainly reflected in three aspects.
  • the antenna efficiency of wearable devices is generally very low, resulting in too weak satellite signals and low signal-to-noise ratio;
  • most of the current positioning and navigation antennas used in wearable devices are linearly polarized antennas.
  • a common feed point is used to excite a pair of orthogonal degenerate modes of the same antenna at the same time, and disturbances are added to separate the degenerate modes.
  • the two modes At the center frequency point, the two modes have exactly the same amplitude and a phase difference of 90 degrees.
  • the phase difference is determined by the degree of degenerate mode separation.
  • the second type of circular polarization antenna is based on a double-fed/multi-fed structure. As shown in Figure 2, an external power splitter and phase shifter are used to feed the antenna to excite a pair of orthogonal modes. The phase is determined by the external feed structure.
  • this application proposes a circularly polarized antenna that does not rely on a symmetrical antenna structure, is sufficiently miniaturized, has stable polarization and axial ratio performance, and is more suitable for wearable devices.
  • the present invention no longer uses a pair of degenerate modes of the same antenna, but uses a pair of coupled antennas; compared with traditional circularly polarized antennas, the mechanism of phase shift generation is completely different , No longer rely on degenerate mode separation or external phase shifters, but use electromagnetic coupling between antennas to generate the 90-degree phase difference required for circular polarization.
  • the single-frequency circular polarization positioning antenna that can be used in a wearable device according to an embodiment of the present application includes an inverted F antenna 11 and a parasitic antenna 12.
  • the inverted F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12 are erected on the same surface (front) of the dielectric substrate 100.
  • the inverted F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12 are perpendicular to the dielectric substrate 100, and the dielectric substrate 100
  • the ground plate is used to ground the single-frequency circular polarization positioning antenna.
  • the inverted-F antenna 11 has a first long side 111, a feeding end 112, and a first grounding end 113.
  • the distance from the feeding end 112 to the end of the first long side 111 is less than or greater than the first grounding end 113 to the first long side 111 The distance from the end 111A.
  • the distance from the feeding end 112 to the end of the first long side 111 is smaller than the distance from the first ground end 113 to the end 111A of the first long side 111.
  • the feeding end 112 The distance to the end 111A of the first long side 111 is greater than the distance from the first ground end 113 to the end of the first long side 111, that is, the two sides of the inverted F antenna 11 connected to the side of the first long side 111 in this embodiment According to the current distribution, size, or excellent performance, one of the ends can be used as the grounding terminal for grounding, and the other as the feeding terminal 112 for feeding.
  • the performance of the two implementations is similar, and you can choose according to your needs during application. It is not limited here.
  • the inverted-F antenna 11 is arranged along the first direction x, the parasitic antenna 12 is coupled with the end 111A of the first long side 111 by a slot, the parasitic antenna 12 is arranged on one side of the end 111A of the first long side 111, and the inverted-F antenna 11 is connected to the The parasitic antenna 12 is at an angle a, and the parasitic antenna 12 extends along the second direction y.
  • the angle between the first direction x and the second direction y is angle a, and when the inverted F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12 resonate at the operating frequency point When nearby, such as GPS (Global Positioning System) L1 frequency band 1.575GHz, or L5 frequency band 1.176GHz, the electrical signals (electric field or current signal) on the inverted F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12 meet the same amplitude and phase difference 90° to form two orthogonal modes of resonance, producing circularly polarized radiation.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • the parasitic antenna 12 needs to be located in the clockwise direction (that is, the right side) of the inverted F antenna 11 when viewed from the front angle of the dielectric substrate 100, so as to ensure that the inverted F antenna 11 When resonating with the parasitic antenna 12 near the operating frequency, the current amplitudes of the inverted F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12 are equal, and the current phase of the inverted F antenna 11 is 90° earlier than the current phase on the parasitic antenna 12, so that a right-handed circle can be realized. Polarized radiation.
  • the range of the angle a between the inverted F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12, that is, between the first direction x and the second direction y, is 70° ⁇ 110°
  • the inverted F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12 are respectively Set in the clearance area of the two directions x and y at the included angle a, when the inverted F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12 resonate near the operating frequency point, two orthogonal modes of resonance are formed, resulting in a good circle
  • circularly polarized radiation is better when the angle a is in the range of 75° ⁇ 105°.
  • the projections of the inverted F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12 on the dielectric substrate 100 are perpendicular to each other, that is, the included angle a is 90°.
  • the inverted-F antenna 11 is fed, and the parasitic antenna 12 and the inverted-F antenna 11 are coupled through a slot, and resonance is generated through the coupling effect, which simplifies the overall structure of the circularly polarized antenna; the two antennas belong to the position where they intersect. It is possible to make the distributed currents have equal amplitudes at the required operating frequency points and a phase difference of 90°, so that the polarization mode of the positioning antenna is right-handed circular polarization.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides three implementation manners of the parasitic antenna 12.
  • the first type of parasitic antenna 12 is an inverted F type
  • the parasitic antenna 12 has a second long side 121, a second ground terminal 122, and a third ground terminal 123
  • the second ground terminal 122 of the parasitic antenna 12 Close to the end 111A of the first long side 111 of the inverted F antenna 11, the end of the second long side 121 of the parasitic antenna 12 is far from the end 111A of the first long side 111 of the inverted F antenna 11, and the second ground end of the parasitic antenna 12
  • the distance from 122 to the end 121A of the second long side 121 of the parasitic antenna 12 is greater than the distance from the third ground end 123 of the parasitic antenna 12 to the end 121A of the second long side 121.
  • the second type of parasitic antenna 12 is an inverted L shape
  • the parasitic antenna 12 has a second long side 121 and a second ground terminal 122
  • the second ground terminal 122 is close to the end of the first long side 111 of the inverted F antenna 11
  • the end 121A of the second long side 121 is far away from the end 111A of the first long side 111 of the inverted F antenna 11.
  • the third type of parasitic antenna 12 is T-shaped.
  • the parasitic antenna 12 has a second long side 121 and a second ground terminal 122.
  • the second ground terminal 122 is close to the end of the first long side 111 of the inverted F antenna 11.
  • the end 121A of the second long side 121 is far away from the end 111A of the first long side 111 of the inverted F antenna 11.
  • the parasitic antenna 12 may have other shapes, such as an inverted E shape.
  • a coupling gap is formed between the end 111A of the first long side 111 of the inverted-F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12, and the coupling gap is adjusted to adjust the degree of coupling between the inverted-F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12.
  • the inverted-F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12 are slot-coupled feeds.
  • the parasitic antenna 12 induces the inverted-F antenna 11 to generate currents, and it is easier to match and tune by using slot-coupled feeds.
  • the coupling can be adjusted by adjusting the spacing of the coupling slots. Degree to achieve matching and tuning of the antenna.
  • an inductance device (not shown) is loaded on the inverted F antenna 11 and/or the parasitic antenna 12, and the inductance device is a lumped inductance or a distributed inductance.
  • the inductance device is mainly used to extend the equivalent length of the first antenna, so as to reduce the size of the positioning antenna and effectively realize the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the inductance device may usually be a lumped inductor, that is, an inductor, or a serpentine wire.
  • the above-mentioned single-frequency circular polarization positioning antenna resonates at 1.575 GHz, and the impedance bandwidth (S11 ⁇ -6 dB) can completely cover the entire GPS-L1 frequency band (1575 ⁇ 2 MHz), indicating that the above-mentioned positioning antenna pair Navigation satellite signal reception is good.
  • the inverted-F antenna 11 has a first long side 111, a feeding end 112, and a first grounding end 113.
  • the distance from the feeding end 112 to the end 111A of the first long side 111 is less than or greater than the first grounding end 113 to the first long side.
  • the parasitic antenna 12 is inverted L-shaped or T-shaped, and the parasitic antenna 12 further includes a second ground terminal 122.
  • the distance from the second ground terminal 122 to the end 121A of the second long side 121 is greater than or less than The distance between the start end 121B of the two long sides 121.
  • the parasitic antenna 12 may have other shapes, such as an inverted E shape.
  • a coupling gap is formed between the end 111A of the first long side 111 of the inverted-F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12, and the coupling gap is adjusted to adjust the degree of coupling between the inverted-F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12.
  • the inverted-F antenna 11 and the parasitic antenna 12 are slot-coupled feeds.
  • the parasitic antenna 12 induces the inverted-F antenna 11 to generate currents, and it is easier to match and tune by using slot-coupled feeds.
  • the coupling can be adjusted by adjusting the spacing of the coupling slots. Degree to achieve matching and tuning of the antenna.
  • the antenna can be equivalent to the circuit model shown in Figure 12, where each radiating element is equivalent to a lossy resonator (GLC), and the coupling between them uses a J-transformer or K-transformation
  • the conductance G is the equivalent of the radiation loss of each radiating element.
  • the voltages V1 and V2 at both ends are proportional to the corresponding far-field vector.
  • V1 and V2 are equal in amplitude and 90 degrees out of phase, the antenna is just right Produce circularly polarized radiation. It can be known from the classical filter theory that the J/K converter can produce a 90-degree phase shift, which is also the key to the circular polarization of the antenna.
  • the resonant frequency of the two radiating units is changed (in the actual design by changing the length of the radiating arm (that is, the first long side 111 and the second long side 121) degrees), the pole of the antenna
  • the method of transformation will not change.
  • the theoretical calculation results based on the circuit model of Figure 12 are shown in Figure 13.
  • the antennas all work in the same circular polarization.
  • the right hand circular polarization (Right Hand Circular Polarization, RHCP) as an example
  • the minimum axis ratio is the ideal value 0dB, and the only change is that the frequency corresponding to the minimum axis ratio point has shifted.
  • Such an antenna has great application value. First of all, it does not rely on a symmetrical antenna structure, which can make full use of the headroom of the wearable device and reserve space for other antennas, which is conducive to the integration of multiple antennas. Secondly, the self-phase shift generated by the antenna is generated by the coupling structure, not by the degenerate mode separation. The phase response is more stable, and the antenna polarization mode will not be changed due to processing errors and external interference, which is beneficial to improve the product. The consistency and stability of performance in complex environments. Finally, the antenna has a simple feed structure, no additional power splitters and phase shifters are required, and the processing of the antenna can be realized based on the existing technology, which has the advantage of low cost.
  • the above-mentioned wearable device adopts all the embodiments of the above-mentioned single-frequency circular polarization positioning antenna, and therefore has at least all the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
  • the aforementioned wearable device positioning antenna can better receive navigation satellite signals, and the generated right-hand circularly polarized radiation can also filter left-handed circularly polarized navigation satellite signals reflected by tall buildings or the ground to reduce multipath interference. Thereby, the positioning accuracy of the positioning antenna of the wearable device is effectively improved.

Abstract

本申请公开一种单频圆极化定位天线和可穿戴设备,单频圆极化定位天线包括:正交布置的倒F天线(11)以及寄生天线(12),通过对倒F天线(11)进行馈电,通过耦合效应,在寄生天线(12)上产生谐振,简化了圆极化天线的整体结构,更容易在可穿戴产品上进行实现,从而使得定位天线能够更好地接收导航卫星信号,同时环形辐射体所产生的右旋圆极化辐射也可对经高楼或者地面反射的左旋圆极化导航卫星信号进行过滤,以减少多径干扰,从而有效提高可穿戴设备的定位天线的定位精度。

Description

单频圆极化定位天线和可穿戴设备
本申请要求于2020年05月28日在中国专利局提交的、申请号为202010470797.7、发明名称为“单频圆极化定位天线和可穿戴设备”的中国专利申请,以及于2020年05月28日在中国专利局提交的、申请号为202020941597.0、发明名称为“单频圆极化定位天线和可穿戴设备”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于天线技术领域,尤其涉及一种单频圆极化定位天线和可穿戴设备。
背景技术
在智能手表或手环领域,定位精度一直是人们所关注的痛点。传统的智能手表或手环定位天线多为线极化天线,但是导航卫星发出的信号通过电离层后是右旋圆极化信号,因此智能手表或手环的定位天线无法全部接收导航卫星的信号,而导航卫星的信号又被地面、高楼、树木等奇数次反射后,会变成左旋圆极化信号,将会产生的多径干扰严重影响整机的定位效果。
技术问题
本申请的目的在于提供一种单频圆极化定位天线和可穿戴设备,旨在解决现有的可穿戴设备的天线定位精度较低的技术问题。
技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题,本申请实施例采用的技术方案是:
本申请实施例的第一方面提供了一种单频圆极化定位天线,包括:
倒F天线,所述倒F天线具有第一长边、馈电端以及第一接地端,所述馈电端到所述第一长边的末端的距离小于或大于所述第一接地端到所述第一长边的末端的距离,
寄生天线,所述寄生天线与所述第一长边的末端以缝隙耦合,所述寄生天线设置于第一长边的末端的一侧,且所述倒F天线与所述寄生天线呈一角度;
其中,当所述倒F天线和所述寄生天线谐振在工作频点附近时,所述倒F天线和所述寄生天线上的电信号满足振幅相等,相位相差90°。
在其中一个实施例中,所述寄生天线为倒F型,所述寄生天线具有第二长边、第二接地端以及第三接地端,所述第二接地端靠近第一长边的末端,所述第二长边的末端远离所述第一长边的末端,且所述第二接地端到所述第二长边的末端的距离大于所述第三接地端到所述第二长边的末端的距离。
在其中一个实施例中,所述寄生天线为倒L型,所述寄生天线具有第二长边以及第二接地端,所述第二接地端靠近第一长边的末端,所述第二长边的末端远离所述第一长边的末端。
在其中一个实施例中,所述寄生天线为T型,所述寄生天线具有第二长边以及第二接地端,所述第二接地端靠近第一长边的末端,所述第二长边的末端远离所述第一长边的末端。
在其中一个实施例中,所述第一长边、所述第二长边的等效长度与所述单频圆极化定位天线的工作波长对应。
在其中一个实施例中,还包括一基板,所述倒F天线和所述寄生天线立设与所述基板上。
在其中一个实施例中,所述倒F天线和/或所述寄生天线上加载有电感器件。
在其中一个实施例中,所述电感器件为集总电感或分布电感。
在其中一个实施例中,所述角度的范围为75°~105°。
在其中一个实施例中,所述第一长边的末端与所述寄生天线之间形成耦合缝隙,调整所述耦合缝隙以调节所述倒F天线和所述寄生天线的耦合度。
本申请实施例的第二方面提供了一种单频圆极化定位天线,包括:
倒F天线,所述倒F天线具有第一长边、馈电端以及第一接地端,所述馈电端到所述第一长边的末端的距离小于或大于所述第一接地端到所述第一长边的末端的距离;
寄生天线,所述寄生天线具有第二长边,所述第二长边的末端与所述第一长边的末端间隔且耦合,所述寄生天线设置于第一长边的末端的一侧,且所述倒F天线与所述寄生天线呈一角度;
其中,所述倒F天线和所述寄生天线分别加载的电信号满足振幅相等,相位相差90°时,产生圆极化辐射。
在其中一个实施例中,调节所述第一长边的长度和/或所述第二长边的长度,以调节所述圆极化辐射的轴比最小值点发生的频偏。
即改变两个辐射单元的谐振频率或长度,天线的极化方式不会改变,天线依然工作在同一种圆极化,仅是轴比最小值点对应的频率发生了偏移,且轴比最小值在其中一个谐振频率下能达到理想的0dB。
在其中一个实施例中,所述寄生天线为倒L型或T型,所述寄生天线还包括第二接地端,所述第二接地端到所述第二长边的末端的距离大于或小于到所述第二长边的始端的距离。
在其中一个实施例中,所述第一长边、所述第二长边的等效长度与所述单频圆极化定位天线的工作波长对应。
在其中一个实施例中,还包括一基板,所述倒F天线和所述寄生天线立设与所述基板上。
在其中一个实施例中,所述角度的范围为75°~105°。
在其中一个实施例中,所述第一长边的末端与所述第二长边的之间形成耦合缝隙,调整所述耦合缝隙以调节所述倒F天线和所述寄生天线的耦合度。.
本申请实施例的第三方面提供了一种可穿戴设备,包括电路板和如上所述的单频圆极化定位天线,所述倒F天线的馈电端连接于所述电路板的第一射频端口,所述倒F天线的第一接地端连接于所述电路板的地端口。.
有益效果
本申请实施例提供的第一种单频圆极化定位天线的有益效果在于:上述的单频圆极化定位天线通过对倒F天线进行馈电,通过耦合效应,在寄生天线上产生谐振,简化了圆极化天线的整体结构,更容易在可穿戴产品上进行实现;通过控制两个天线位置关系,可以使得电信号在需要的工作频点上实现幅度相等,相位相差90°,使得定位天线的极化方式为右旋圆极化,从而使得定位天线能够更好地接收导航卫星信号,并且所产生的右旋圆极化接收也可对经高楼或者地面反射的左旋圆极化导航卫星信号进行过滤,以减少多径干扰,从而有效提高可穿戴设备的定位天线的定位精度。
本申请实施例提供的第二种单频圆极化定位天线的有益效果在于:上述的单频圆极化定位天线通过对倒F天线进行馈电,通过耦合效应,在寄生天线上产生谐振,简化了圆极化天线的整体结构,更容易在可穿戴产品上进行实现;通过控制两个天线加载的电信号,可以使得电信号在需要的工作频点上实现定位天线的极化方式为右旋圆极化,从而使得定位天线能够更好地接收导航卫星信号,并且所产生的右旋圆极化辐射也可对经高楼或者地面反射的左旋圆极化导航卫星信号进行过滤,以减少多径干扰,从而有效提高可穿戴设备的定位天线的定位精度。
本申请实施例提供的可穿戴设备的有益效果在于:上述可穿戴设备采用了上述单频圆极化定位天线的所有实施例,因而至少具有上述实施例的所有有益效果,在此不再一一赘述。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或示范性技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为基于简并模分离的单馈式圆极化天线及其工作原理;
图2为基于外部移相器/功分器的双馈式圆极化天线;
图3A为本发明实施例一提供的单频圆极化定位天线的结构示意图;
图3B为本发明实施例二提供的单频圆极化定位天线的结构示意图;
图4为本发明实施例二提供的单频圆极化定位天线的结构示意图;
图5为本发明实施例三提供的单频圆极化定位天线的结构示意图;
图6为本发明实施例提供的单频圆极化定位天线的S参数示意图;
图7为本发明实施例提供的单频圆极化定位天线的顶部二维轴比仿真图;
图8为本发明实施例提供的单频圆极化定位天线的phi=0°、45°、90°、135°切面的二维四轴比仿真图;
图9为本发明实施例提供的单频圆极化定位天线的三维方向图;
图10为本发明实施例提供的单频圆极化定位天线的二维方向图;
图11为本发明实施例四提供的单频圆极化定位天线的结构示意图;
图12为本发明实施例提供的单频圆极化定位天线的等效电路模型;
图13为本发明实施例提供的单频圆极化定位天线的轴比和主极化增益的理论计算值;
图14为本发明实施例提供的单频圆极化定位天线的轴比和主极化增益的理论仿真值。
本发明的实施方式
为了使本申请所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请,并不用于限定本申请。
需要说明的是,当元件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件,它可以直接在另一个元件上或者间接在该另一个元件上。当一个元件被称为是“连接于”另一个元件,它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或间接连接至该另一个元件上。
需要理解的是,术语“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上,除非另有明确具体的限定。
智能可穿戴设备的基础功能之一就是定位和导航,定位精度的提高能显著改善用户体验,是当前行业关键的技术难点之一。一般来说,定位精度可以通过算法和硬件来提高,而对可穿戴设备而言,其技术瓶颈主要在硬件,尤其是天线,主要体现在三方面。首先,可穿戴设备的天线效率一般都非常低,导致接收到的卫星信号太弱,信噪比太低;其次,目前绝大部分用于可穿戴设备的定位导航天线为线极化天线,该类在接收圆极化卫星信号时,由于极化失配,天然地具有3dB的增益损失;最后,多径反射信号是定位误差的主要来源,而线极化天线对多径反射的圆极化信号无差别接收,没有抑制干扰的作用。
相对于线极化天线,圆极化天线接收卫星信号天然多3dB的增益,并且能抑制多径反射信号,有效提高了信噪比,可以显著改善定位精度,在定位导航设备中广泛使用。从基本的工作原理来讲,圆极化的实现需要产生一对正交的远场分量,并且使得他们同时满足幅度相等和相位相差90度的条件。根据天线结构和实现方式的不同,目前广泛使用的圆极化天线大体可以分为两大类。第一类圆极化天线基于单馈点结构,如图1所示,利用公共的馈电点同时激励起同一个天线的一对正交简并模,同时加入扰动,使得简并模分离,在中心频率点上两个模式刚好幅度相等且相位相差90度。对于这种天线,相位差由简并模分离程度来决定。第二种圆极化天线是基于双馈/多馈结构,如图2所示,利用外部功分器和移相器对天线进行馈电,激励起一对正交模,所需的幅度和相位由外部馈电结构来决定。
然而,传统的圆极化天线并不能直接应用于可穿戴设备,主要原因有3点。首先,传统的双馈/多馈圆极化天线需要额外的移相器和功分器,结构复杂、体积大且成本高,而可穿戴设备空间极其有限,对成本敏感,因而不符合要求。其次,传统的单馈圆极化天线虽然结构简单,但圆极化性能非常敏感,两个正交模的频率大小关系发生改变时,其相位滞后或超前关系会跟着改变,使得其极化方式也会轻易地由右旋圆极化退化为线极化,或者变为左旋圆极化,在可穿戴设备复杂的应用环境中,性能无法保持稳定。最后,传统的圆极化天线为了得到一对正交模,一般基于对称的天线结构,如矩形、圆形、环形等,而可穿戴设备需要在狭小的净空里布置多个天线,定位导航天线一般只能利用其轮廓的1-2条边,结构不是对称的,且其电磁边界异常复杂。
针对这些问题,本申请提出一种不依赖对称天线结构、尺寸充分小型化、极化及轴比性能稳定、更加适用于可穿戴设备的圆极化天线。与传统圆极化天线不同,本发明不再利用同一个天线的一对简并模,而是利用了一对耦合天线;与传统圆极化天线相比,其相移产生的机理完全不一样,不再依赖简并模分离或者外部移相器,而是利用天线之间的电磁耦合产生圆极化所需的90度相位差。
请参阅图3A和图3B,本申请一个实施例提供的可用于可穿戴设备的单频圆极化定位天线包括倒F天线11和寄生天线12。
在一些实施例中,该倒F天线11和寄生天线12立设在介质基板100同一表面(正面)上,比如该倒F天线11和寄生天线12是垂直于介质基板100的,且介质基板100为接地板用于让单频圆极化定位天线接地。
倒F天线11具有第一长边111、馈电端112以及第一接地端113,馈电端112到第一长边111的末端的距离小于或大于第一接地端113到第一长边111的末端111A的距离。在图3A的示例中,馈电端112到第一长边111的末端的距离小于第一接地端113到第一长边111的末端111A的距离,在图3B的示例中,馈电端112到第一长边111的末端111A的距离大于第一接地端113到第一长边111的末端的距离,即本实施例中倒F天线11中与第一长边111侧边相连的两个端部,可以根据电流分布、尺寸大小或性能优异可以将其中一个作为接地端用于接地,另一个作为馈电端112用于馈电,两种实施方式性能相近,应用时可以根据需要选择,在此不作限定。
倒F天线11沿第一方向x布置,寄生天线12与第一长边111的末端111A以缝隙耦合,寄生天线12设置于第一长边111的末端111A的一侧,且倒F天线11与寄生天线12呈一角度a,寄生天线12沿第二方向y延伸,第一方向x和第二方向y的夹角为角度a,并且,当倒F天线11和寄生天线12谐振在工作频点附近时,比如GPS (Global Positioning System,全球定位系统)L1频段1.575GHz,或L5频段1.176GHz处,倒F天线11和寄生天线12上的电信号(电场或电流信号)满足振幅相等,相位相差90°,以形成两个正交模式的谐振,产生圆极化辐射。
且更具体地,在如图3A和图3B所示,在俯视介质基板100正面角度看,寄生天线12需位于倒F天线11的顺时针方向(即右侧),以保证当倒F天线11和寄生天线12谐振在工作频点附近时,倒F天线11和寄生天线12的电流幅度相等,倒F天线11的电流相位早于寄生天线12上的电流相位90°,从而可以实现右旋圆极化辐射。
可选地,倒F天线11和寄生天线12之间,即第一方向x和第二方向y之间的角度a的范围为70°~110°,通过将倒F天线11和寄生天线12分别设置在成夹角a的这两个方向x、y的净空区域,可以使得当倒F天线11和寄生天线12谐振在工作频点附近时,形成两个正交模式的谐振,产生良好的圆极化辐射,相对地,夹角a在75°~105°范围内圆极化辐射更优。
在一个实施例中,倒F天线11和寄生天线12在介质基板100上的投影相互垂直,即夹角a为90°。该实施例中,对倒F天线11进行馈电,寄生天线12与倒F天线11通过缝隙耦合,通过耦合效应产生谐振,简化了圆极化天线的整体结构;两个天线属于正相交的位置关系,可以使得分布电流在需要的工作频点上实现幅度相等,相位相差90°,使得定位天线的极化方式为右旋圆极化。
本申请实施例提供了寄生天线12的三种实施方式。
请参阅图3A和图3B,第一种寄生天线12为倒F型,寄生天线12具有第二长边121、第二接地端122以及第三接地端123,寄生天线12的第二接地端122靠近倒F天线11的第一长边111的末端111A,寄生天线12的第二长边121的末端远离倒F天线11的第一长边111的末端111A,且的寄生天线12第二接地端122到寄生天线12的第二长边121的末端121A的距离大于寄生天线12的第三接地端123到第二长边121的末端121A的距离。
请参阅图4,第二种寄生天线12为倒L型,寄生天线12具有第二长边121以及第二接地端122,第二接地端122靠近倒F天线11的第一长边111的末端,第二长边121的末端121A远离倒F天线11第一长边111的末端111A。
请参阅图5,第三种寄生天线12为T型,寄生天线12具有第二长边121以及第二接地端122,第二接地端122靠近倒F天线11的第一长边111的末端,第二长边121的末端121A远离倒F天线11的第一长边111的末端111A。
在其他实施方式中,寄生天线12开可以是其他形状,比如倒E型等。本申请中,倒F天线11的第一长边111的末端111A与寄生天线12之间形成耦合缝隙,调整耦合缝隙以调节倒F天线11和寄生天线12的耦合度。倒F天线11和寄生天线12为缝隙耦合馈电,寄生天线12感应倒F天线11辐射场而产生电流,并且利用缝隙耦合馈电更容易匹配调谐,而通过调节耦合缝隙的间距,可以调整耦合度,实现天线的匹配调谐。
第一长边111、第二长边121的等效长度与单频圆极化定位天线的工作波长对应。比如第一长边111、第二长边121的等效长度与单频圆极化定位天线的工作波长基本相等,或第一长边111、第二长边121的等效长度与单频圆极化定位天线的工作波长的1/4波长基本相等,保证天线谐振在所需要的频点。
在其中一个实施例中,倒F天线11和/或寄生天线12上加载有电感器件(未图示),电感器件为集总电感或分布电感。本实施例设置该电感器件主要用于延伸第一天线的等效长度,以缩小定位天线尺寸,使天线有效实现小型化。可选地,电感器件通常可以是集总电感,即电感器,还可以是蛇形弯曲走线。
从图6可见,上述单频圆极化定位天线在1.575 GHz处产生谐振,并且阻抗带宽(S11<-6 dB)能够完全覆盖整个GPS-L1频段(1575±2 MHz),说明上述定位天线对导航卫星信号接收良好。
从图7和图8可见,上述定位天线工作在GPS的L1频段(1575±2 MHz)时,定位天线的顶部(phi=0°,theta=0°)的轴比在1dB以下,上述定位天线工作在GPS-L1频段1.575 GHz且切面为phi=0°、45°、90°、135°时,在θ=-60°~70°范围内,定位天线的轴比小于10 dB,说明上述定位天线的轴比特性较好,达到定位天线的性能要求。
从图9和图10可见,上述定位天线工作在GPS-L1频段1.575 GHz时,定位天线的顶部(phi=0°,theta=0°)的右旋圆极化增益在为2.66dB,在增益相同的情况下,该圆极化天线接收到的卫星信号要比线极化天线接收到的高出3dB,同时对干扰信号具有抑制功能,所以,上述定位天线的定位效果优于传统线极化天线。
请参阅图11,本申请另一个实施例提供的可用于可穿戴设备的单频圆极化定位天线包括倒F天线11和寄生天线12。
倒F天线11具有第一长边111、馈电端112以及第一接地端113,馈电端112到第一长边111的末端111A的距离小于或大于第一接地端113到第一长边111的末端111A的距离;寄生天线12具有第二长边121,第二长边121的末端121A与第一长边111的末端111A间隔且耦合,寄生天线12设置于第一长边111的末端111A的一侧,且倒F天线11与寄生天线12呈一角度a;其中,倒F天线11和寄生天线12分别加载的电信号满足振幅相等,相位相差90°时,产生圆极化辐射。
请参阅图11,本申请中,倒F天线11沿第一方向x布置,寄生天线12的第二长边121与第一长边111的末端111A以间隔且耦合,寄生天线12设置于第一长边111的末端111A的一侧,且倒F天线11与寄生天线12呈一角度a,寄生天线12沿第二方向y延伸,第一方向x和第二方向y的夹角为角度a,并且,倒F天线11和寄生天线12上加载的电信号(电场、电压或电流信号)振幅相等,相位相差90°时,并使得倒F天线11和寄生天线12谐振在工作频点附近时,比如GPS (Global Positioning System,全球定位系统)L1频段1.575GHz,或L5频段1.176GHz处,以形成两个正交模式的谐振,从而产生右圆极化辐射。
且更具体地,在如图11所示,只需要保证,在俯视介质基板100正面角度看,寄生天线12需位于倒F天线11的顺时针方向(即右侧),在倒F天线11的电压相位早于寄生天线12上的电压相位90°,振幅相等,从而本申请的单频圆极化定位天线可以实现右旋圆极化辐射。
可选地,倒F天线11和寄生天线12之间,即第一方向x和第二方向y之间的角度a的范围为70°~110°,通过将倒F天线11和寄生天线12分别设置在成夹角a的这两个方向x、y的净空区域,可以使得当倒F天线11和寄生天线12加载的电信号(电场、电压或电流信号)振幅相等,相位相差90°时,形成两个正交模式的谐振,产生良好的圆极化辐射,相对地,夹角a在75°~105°范围内圆极化辐射更优。
在一个实施例中,倒F天线11和寄生天线12在介质基板100上的投影相互垂直,即夹角a为90°。该实施例中,对倒F天线11进行馈电,寄生天线12与倒F天线11通过缝隙耦合,通过耦合效应产生谐振,简化了圆极化天线的整体结构;两个天线属于正相交的位置关系,可以使得分布电流在需要的工作频点上实现幅度相等,相位相差90°,使得定位天线的极化方。
上述的单频圆极化定位天线通过对倒F天线11进行馈电,通过耦合效应,在寄生天线12上产生谐振,简化了圆极化天线的整体结构,更容易在可穿戴产品上进行实现;通过控制两个天线加载的电信号,可以使得电信号在需要的工作频点上实现定位天线的极化方式为右旋圆极化,从而使得定位天线能够更好地接收导航卫星信号,并且所产生的右旋圆极化辐射也可对经高楼或者地面反射的左旋圆极化导航卫星信号进行过滤,以减少多径干扰,从而有效提高可穿戴设备的定位天线的定位精度。
在其中一个实施例中,请参见图13和图14,调节第一长边111的长度和/或第二长边121的长度,以调节圆极化辐射的轴比最小值点发生的频偏。即改变两个辐射单元的谐振频率或长度,天线的极化方式不会改变,天线依然工作在同一种圆极化,仅是轴比最小值点对应的频率发生了偏移,且轴比最小值在其中一个谐振频率下能达到理想的0dB。
在其中一个实施例中,寄生天线12为倒L型或T型,寄生天线12还包括第二接地端122,第二接地端122到第二长边121的末端121A的距离大于或小于到第二长边121的始端121B的距离。
在其他实施方式中,寄生天线12开可以是其他形状,比如倒E型等。本申请中,倒F天线11的第一长边111的末端111A与寄生天线12之间形成耦合缝隙,调整耦合缝隙以调节倒F天线11和寄生天线12的耦合度。倒F天线11和寄生天线12为缝隙耦合馈电,寄生天线12感应倒F天线11辐射场而产生电流,并且利用缝隙耦合馈电更容易匹配调谐,而通过调节耦合缝隙的间距,可以调整耦合度,实现天线的匹配调谐。
在其中一个实施例中,第一长边111、第二长边121的等效长度与单频圆极化定位天线的工作波长对应。比如第一长边111、第二长边121的等效长度与单频圆极化定位天线的工作波长基本相等,或第一长边111、第二长边121的等效长度与单频圆极化定位天线的工作波长的1/4波长基本相等,保证天线谐振在所需要的频点。
在其中一个实施例中,倒F天线11和/或寄生天线12上加载有电感器件(未图示),电感器件为集总电感或分布电感。本实施例设置该电感器件主要用于延伸第一天线的等效长度,以缩小定位天线尺寸,使天线有效实现小型化。可选地,电感器件通常可以是集总电感,即电感器,还可以是蛇形弯曲走线。
在其中一个实施例中,还包括一介质基板100,倒F天线11和寄生天线12立设与介质基板100上该倒F天线11和寄生天线12立设在介质基板100同一表面(正面)上,比如该倒F天线11和寄生天线12是垂直于介质基板100的,且介质基板100为接地板用于让单频圆极化定位天线接地,并反射辐射信号。
请参阅图3A、3B、图4、图5及图11,本申请提供的天线主体部分由两个辐射单元(倒F天线11和寄生天线12)组成,只占用了地板(接地基板100)的两条边,为其他天线预留了足够的空间。天线只有一个馈电点,直接激励第一个辐射单元,第二个辐射单元不直接与激励端口连接,两天线之间存在着电磁耦合,通过耦合来实现能量的传输与交换。两个辐射单元分别在远场产生两个正交的电场分量,他们的幅度相位与两个辐射单元上电流的幅度相位有关。根据其工作机理,天线可以等效为如图12所示的电路模型,其中,每个辐射单元等效为一个有耗谐振器(GLC),他们之间的耦合用一个J变换器或者K变换器近似代替;电导G是每个辐射单元的辐射损耗的等效,其两端电压V1和V2与对应的远场矢量成正比,当V1和V2满足幅度相等且相位相差90度时,天线刚好产生圆极化辐射。由经典滤波器理论可知,J/K变换器可以产生90度相移,这也是该天线实现圆极化的关键。
上述该天线的工作机理与传统的单馈圆极化天线完全不同,为了更好地说明这一点,我们做了理论计算和仿真验证。对于基于简并模分离的传统单馈圆极化天线,假设两个正交模的谐振频率为f1(倒F天线11的谐振频率)和f2(寄生天线12的谐振频率),且假设当f1<f2时模式1相位滞后于模式2,产生右旋圆极化,则当f1>f2时模式1的相位会变为超前于模式2,并且产生左旋圆极化;当f1=f2时,两者同相,产生线极化。由此可见,如果基于传统的设计方法,当辐射单元的谐振频率受材料、加工误差及使用环境影响而发生改变时,圆极化性能会急剧变差。当一个天线由右旋圆极化变为左旋圆极化时,不仅不能接收有用的卫星信号,而且会增大接收干扰的能力,定位精度将迅速恶化。与之不同,在本申请中,改变两个辐射单元的谐振频率(在实际设计中通过改变其辐射臂长(即第一长边111和第二长边121)度来实现),天线的极化方式不会改变。基于图12电路模型的理论计算结果如图13所示,对于f1<f2,f1=f2和f1>f2三种情况,天线均工作在同一种圆极化,这里以右手圆极化(Right Hand Circular Polarization,RHCP)为例,轴比最小值为理想值0dB,唯一的变化是轴比最小值点对应的频率发生了偏移。这种偏移在工程上是完全可以接受的,因为目标频点的轴比仍然在可接受范围,圆极化性能得到了极大保留。进一步地,我们利用全波仿真软件对实际天线进行建模并作仿真分析,验证天线的性能。如图14所示,改变两个辐射单元的相对长度(第一长边111对应L a1和第二长边121对应L a2),仿真得到的轴比和增益变化规律和理论计算结果非常吻合,即天线的极化方式没有改变,仅仅是轴比最小值点发生了频偏。
这样的天线具有极大的应用价值。首先,它不依赖对称的天线结构,可以更充分利用可穿戴设备的净空,为其他天线预留了空间,有利于多天线融合。其次,天线的所产生的自相移由耦合结构产生,而非由简并模分离所产生,相位响应更加稳定,天线极化方式不会因为加工误差和外界干扰而发生改变,有利于提高产品的一致性和复杂环境下的性能稳定性。最后,天线具有简单的馈电结构,无需额外的功分器和移相器,天线的加工可以基于现有工艺实现,具有低成本的优势。
本申请实施例的第二方面提了一种可穿戴设备,包括电路板和如上的单频圆极化定位天线,倒F天线11的馈电端112连接于电路板的第一射频端口,倒F天线11的第一接地端113连接于电路板的地端口。进一步地,寄生天线12的第二接地端122以及第三接地端123也连接于电路板的地端口。
上述可穿戴设备采用了上述单频圆极化定位天线的所有实施例,因而至少具有上述实施例的所有有益效果,在此不再一一赘述。上述可穿戴设备定位天线能够更好地接收导航卫星信号,并且所产生的右旋圆极化辐射也可对经高楼或者地面反射的左旋圆极化导航卫星信号进行过滤,以减少多径干扰,从而有效提高可穿戴设备的定位天线的定位精度。
以上所述实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,包括:
    倒F天线,所述倒F天线具有第一长边、馈电端以及第一接地端,所述馈电端到所述第一长边的末端的距离小于或大于所述第一接地端到所述第一长边的末端的距离;
    寄生天线,所述寄生天线与所述第一长边的末端以缝隙耦合,所述寄生天线设置于第一长边的末端的一侧,且所述倒F天线与所述寄生天线呈一角度;
    其中,当所述倒F天线和所述寄生天线谐振在工作频点附近时,所述倒F天线和所述寄生天线上的电信号满足振幅相等,相位相差90°。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,所述寄生天线为倒F型,所述寄生天线具有第二长边、第二接地端以及第三接地端,所述第二接地端靠近第一长边的末端,所述第二长边的末端远离所述第一长边的末端,且所述第二接地端到所述第二长边的末端的距离大于所述第三接地端到所述第二长边的末端的距离。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,所述寄生天线为倒L型,所述寄生天线具有第二长边以及第二接地端,所述第二接地端靠近第一长边的末端,所述第二长边的末端远离所述第一长边的末端。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,所述寄生天线为T型,所述寄生天线具有第二长边以及第二接地端,所述第二接地端靠近第一长边的末端,所述第二长边的末端远离所述第一长边的末端。
  5. 如权利要求2至4任一项所述的单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,所述第一长边、所述第二长边的等效长度与所述单频圆极化定位天线的工作波长对应。
  6. 如权利要求1至4任一项所述的单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,还包括一基板,所述倒F天线和所述寄生天线立设与所述基板上。
  7. 如权利要求1至4任一项所述的单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,所述倒F天线和/或所述寄生天线上加载有电感器件。
  8. 如权利要求1至4任一项所述的单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,所述角度的范围为75°~105°。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,所述第一长边的末端与所述寄生天线之间形成耦合缝隙,调整所述耦合缝隙以调节所述倒F天线和所述寄生天线的耦合度。
  10. 一种单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,包括:
    倒F天线,所述倒F天线具有第一长边、馈电端以及第一接地端,所述馈电端到所述第一长边的末端的距离小于或大于所述第一接地端到所述第一长边的末端的距离;
    寄生天线,所述寄生天线具有第二长边,所述第二长边的末端与所述第一长边的末端间隔且耦合,所述寄生天线设置于第一长边的末端的一侧,且所述倒F天线与所述寄生天线呈一角度;
    其中,所述倒F天线和所述寄生天线分别加载的电信号满足振幅相等,相位相差90°时,产生圆极化辐射。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,调节所述第一长边的长度和/或所述第二长边的长度,以调节所述圆极化辐射的轴比最小值点发生的频偏。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,所述寄生天线为倒L型或T型,所述寄生天线还包括第二接地端,所述第二接地端到所述第二长边的末端的距离大于或小于到所述第二长边的始端的距离。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,所述第一长边、所述第二长边的等效长度与所述单频圆极化定位天线的工作波长对应。
  14. 如权利要求10至13任一项所述的单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,还包括一基板,所述倒F天线和所述寄生天线立设与所述基板上。
  15. 如权利要求10所述的单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,所述角度的范围为75°~105°。
  16. 如权利要求10所述的单频圆极化定位天线,其特征在于,所述第一长边的末端与所述第二长边的之间形成耦合缝隙,调整所述耦合缝隙以调节所述倒F天线和所述寄生天线的耦合度。
  17. 一种可穿戴设备,其特征在于:包括电路板和如权利要求1至9任一项或10至16任一项所述的单频圆极化定位天线,所述倒F天线的馈电端连接于所述电路板的第一射频端口,所述倒F天线的第一接地端连接于所述电路板的地端口。
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