WO2021237855A1 - 一种钳头及活检钳 - Google Patents

一种钳头及活检钳 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021237855A1
WO2021237855A1 PCT/CN2020/098156 CN2020098156W WO2021237855A1 WO 2021237855 A1 WO2021237855 A1 WO 2021237855A1 CN 2020098156 W CN2020098156 W CN 2020098156W WO 2021237855 A1 WO2021237855 A1 WO 2021237855A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
jaw
pull rod
pliers head
forceps
clamp
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Application number
PCT/CN2020/098156
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄云凤
丁小良
李玉茜
徐业培
Original Assignee
南微医学科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 南微医学科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 南微医学科技股份有限公司
Publication of WO2021237855A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021237855A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
    • A61B10/02—Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
    • A61B10/06—Biopsy forceps, e.g. with cup-shaped jaws

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a forceps head and a biopsy forceps.
  • Biopsy forceps are medical devices widely used in clinical practice. At present, when in use, biopsy forceps are inserted into the human body through the forceps of the endoscope, and the biopsy forceps are opened during use, so as to clamp tissue samples to carry out follow-up diseases based on the samples. Science research.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure includes, for example, to provide a forceps head that can improve the problem that the position of the forceps head is not fixed and it is difficult to accurately obtain the target tissue when the forceps head is opened.
  • the objective of the present disclosure also includes providing a biopsy forceps, which can improve the problem of the unfixed position of the forceps head and the difficulty in accurately obtaining the target tissue when the forceps head is opened.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a forceps head for biopsy forceps, the forceps head including a forceps head base, a pull rod, a first clamp and a second clamp;
  • the proximal part of the pull rod is movably fitted with the pliers head base along a first preset direction
  • the distal part of the pull rod is movably fitted with the pliers head base along a second preset direction; Both the first jaw and the second jaw are rotatably connected with the pull rod;
  • the first jaw and the second clamp are driven by the pull rod to rotate relative to the pliers head base, so that the pliers head is in a closed state Switch between the open state and the open state, and at the same time in the connection direction between the proximal end and the distal end, the first rotation axis of the first jaw and the second rotation axis of the second jaw are relative to the jaw base sports;
  • the first axis of rotation is the axis at which at least part of the first jaw rotates relative to the jaw base; the second axis of rotation is at least part of the second jaw relative to the jaw base.
  • the axis of rotation is the axis at which at least part of the first jaw rotates relative to the jaw base; the second axis of rotation is at least part of the second jaw relative to the jaw base.
  • the pliers head seat includes a seat body and a first pin shaft mounted on the seat body, the first pin shaft and the distal end portion of the pull rod movably along the second preset direction Cooperate.
  • the distal end portion of the pull rod is provided with a sliding groove, and the first pin shaft passes through the sliding groove, so that the first pin shaft and the distal end portion of the pull rod extend along the second
  • the preset direction can be flexibly matched.
  • the sliding groove is a strip groove.
  • the first preset direction coincides with the second preset direction.
  • the sliding groove is an arc-shaped groove.
  • the distal end portion of the pull rod has an abutment portion configured to interfere with the tissue to be sampled, so as to interfere with the tissue entering between the first jaw and the second jaw. Limit.
  • the distal end of the first jaw has a first cup opening
  • the distal end of the second jaw has a second cup opening; when the jaws are in an open state, the first cup
  • the line connecting the proximal end of the mouth and the proximal end of the second cup mouth is a preset straight line
  • the abutting portion is located on one side of the distal end of the preset straight line or the abutting portion coincides with the preset straight line.
  • the abutting portion is an end surface of the distal end of the pull rod.
  • the end surface is a flat surface or a curved surface.
  • the clamp head base has a limiting hole, the proximal portion of the pull rod penetrates the limiting hole, and the proximal portion of the pull rod and the limiting hole can move along a first preset direction. Actively cooperate.
  • the pliers head further includes an outer tube connected to the pliers head base, and the inner cavity of the outer tube is in communication with the limiting hole; when the pliers head is in an open state, the pull rod The proximal end penetrates the inner cavity.
  • the length of the proximal end of the pull rod inserted into the inner cavity is a, 0mm ⁇ a ⁇ 1mm.
  • the pliers head further includes a second pin
  • the first pliers has a first connection hole
  • the second pliers has a second connection hole
  • the pull rod has a third connection hole
  • the The second pin shaft is simultaneously matched with the first connecting hole, the second connecting hole, and the third connecting hole, so that the first jaw and the second jaw are all around the second pin
  • the axis of the shaft is rotatably connected with the pull rod; the first rotation axis and the second rotation axis are both the axis of the second pin shaft.
  • the first jaw is provided with a first mating groove, and the first mating groove is slidingly fitted with the jaw base, so that in the connection direction between the proximal end and the distal end, the first The axis of rotation can move relative to the pliers head base; and/or, the second jaw is provided with a second matching groove, and the second matching groove is slidingly engaged with the pliers head base, so that the proximal and distal ends In the connecting direction of the ends, the second rotation axis can move relative to the clamp head base.
  • the first matching groove is an arc-shaped groove; and/or, the second matching groove is an arc-shaped groove.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a biopsy forceps.
  • the biopsy forceps includes a forceps head, which includes a forceps head base, a pull rod, a first clamp and a second clamp; the proximal part of the pull rod is movably matched with the forceps head base along a first preset direction, The distal portion of the pull rod is movably fitted with the jaw base along a second preset direction; the first jaw and the second jaw are both rotatably connected with the pull rod; when the pull rod is opposite When the pliers head base is active, the first clamp and the second clamp are driven by the pull rod to rotate relative to the pliers head base, so that the pliers head is in a closed state and an open state.
  • the first axis of rotation is an axis of at least part of the first jaw that rotates relative to the jaw base;
  • the second axis of rotation is an axis of at least part of the second jaw that rotates relative to the jaw base .
  • the beneficial effects of the forceps head and the biopsy forceps of the embodiments of the present disclosure include, for example:
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a forceps head for biopsy forceps.
  • the clamp head includes a clamp head base, a pull rod, a first clamp and a second clamp.
  • the proximal part of the pull rod is movably matched with the clamp head base along the first preset direction
  • the distal part of the pull rod is movably matched with the clamp head base along the second preset direction
  • the two ends of the pull rod are matched with the clamp head base
  • And the limit function of the clamp head seat on the pull rod thereby limiting the movement trajectory of the pull rod.
  • the first jaw and the second jaw are both rotatably connected with the pull rod.
  • the first clamp and the second clamp are respectively driven by the pull rod to rotate relative to the clamp head base, so that the first clamp The clamp and the second clamp are relatively close to or far away, so that the clamp head is switched between the closed state and the open state, and when rotating, in the direction of the connection between the proximal end and the distal end, the first rotation axis of the first clamp And the second rotation axis of the second jaw moves relative to the jaw base. Since the movement trajectory of the pull rod is fixed, the movement of the first clamp and the second clamp are also fixed accordingly, thereby ensuring the fixed position of the clamp head when it is opened, which helps the operator to accurately grasp the target tissue, and then the subsequent pathology Research creates favorable conditions.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a biopsy forceps, which includes the above-mentioned forceps head. Since the biopsy forceps includes the above-mentioned clamp head, it also has the beneficial effects of fixing the open position and accurate clamping.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a biopsy forceps provided by an embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamp head provided by an embodiment of the disclosure during sampling
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a clamp head provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a clamp head provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure from a first perspective;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second clamp head provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a third type of clamp head provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a first clamp in the clamp head provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a clamp head provided by an embodiment of the disclosure from a second perspective;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the clamp head in an open state according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another first clamp in the clamp head provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth type of clamp head provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a fifth clamp head provided by an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the clamp head provided by an embodiment of the disclosure when it is in an open state;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the biopsy forceps provided by an embodiment of the disclosure when in use.
  • Icon 10-biopsy forceps; 110-handle; 120-cable; 130-spring tube; 131-inner cavity; 200-clamp head; 210-clamp head seat; 211-first pin; 212-seat body; 2121 -Connecting block; 2122-first arm; 2123-second arm; 2122-first mounting hole; 2125-second mounting hole; 213-limiting hole; 214-mounting cavity; 220-rod; 221-rod 222-flat part; 223-sliding groove; 224-third connecting hole; 225-first protrusion; 226-second protrusion; 227-interference part; 230-first clamp; 231-first clamp Feet; 232-first connecting hole; 233-first mating groove; 234-first cup opening; 235-first cup opening; 236-first end point; 237-first strip groove; 238-section Two strip grooves; 240-second jaws; 241-second jaws; 242-second connecting holes; 243-second matching grooves; 244-
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the biopsy forceps 10 provided by this embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the forceps 200 provided by this embodiment during sampling
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the forceps 200 provided by this embodiment
  • 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the clamp head 200 provided by this embodiment at a first viewing angle. Please refer to FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4 in combination.
  • This embodiment provides a forceps head 200, and accordingly, a biopsy forceps 10 is provided.
  • the biopsy forceps 10 includes a forceps head 200, and the biopsy forceps 10 also includes a handle 110, an outer tube, and a cable 120.
  • the two ends of the outer tube are respectively connected to the handle 110 and the pliers head 200, the pull cable 120 passes through the outer pipe, and the two ends of the pull cable 120 are respectively connected to the handle 110 and the pliers head 200, so that the operator can pull and pull through the handle 110
  • the cable 120 controls the pliers head 200 to switch between the open state and the closed state.
  • the outer tube is a spring tube 130.
  • the pliers head 200 includes a pliers head base 210, a pull rod 220, a first pliers 230 and a second pliers 240.
  • the proximal part of the pull rod 220 is movably matched with the clamp head base 210 along the first preset direction
  • the distal part of the pull rod 220 is movably matched with the clamp head base 210 along the second preset direction.
  • the cooperation of the clamp head base 210 and the limiting effect of the clamp head base 210 on the pull rod 220 limit the movement trajectory of the pull rod 220.
  • the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 are both rotatably connected with the pull rod 220.
  • the first clamp 230 and the second clamp 240 are driven by the pull rod 220 to oppose the clamps respectively.
  • the head base 210 rotates, so that the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 are relatively close to or far away, so that the jaw 200 is switched between the closed state and the open state, and the proximal and distal ends are connected when rotating.
  • the line direction ie, the up-down direction as shown in FIG. 2
  • the first rotation axis of the first jaw 230 and the second rotation axis of the second jaw 240 move relative to the jaw base 210.
  • proximal end is the end close to the outside of the human body 30, that is, the proximal end of each component is the end of the component close to the handle 110, and the “distal end” is the end close to the inside of the human body 30.
  • One end, that is, the distal end of each component, is the end of the component away from the handle 110.
  • clamp head 200 The structure of the clamp head 200 provided in this embodiment will be further described below:
  • the pliers head 200 further includes a second pin 251.
  • the first jaw 230 has a first connection hole 232
  • the second jaw 240 has a second connection hole 242
  • the pull rod 220 has a third connection hole 224.
  • the second pin 251 is matched with the first connecting hole 232, the second connecting hole 242, and the third connecting hole 224 at the same time, so that the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 are aligned with the pull rod 220 around the axis of the second pin 251.
  • the first jaw 230 as a whole rotates relative to the jaw base 210 around the first rotation axis
  • the second jaw 240 as a whole rotates relative to the jaw base 210 around the second rotation axis.
  • the pull rod 220 is clamped between the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240, so the second pin 251 is sequentially disposed through the first connecting hole 232, the third connecting hole 224, and the second connecting hole 242. Then, both ends of the second pin 251 are welded and fixed to the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 respectively, so that the first jaw 230, the second jaw 240 and the pull rod 220 are connected into one body to form a movable assembly.
  • the connection mode of the second pin 251 with the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 can also be set according to requirements.
  • the two ends of the second pin 251 can be riveted. It is fixed with the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240.
  • the second pin 251 is provided, and connecting holes are opened on the first jaw 230, the second jaw 240, and the pull rod 220, so that the first pin 251 is used to connect the first pin 251.
  • the clamp 230, the second clamp 240, and the pull rod 220 are connected into one body.
  • the first clamp 230 and the second clamp 240 can rotate about the axis of the second pin 251 relative to the pull rod 220.
  • other methods can also be used to realize the connection of the first jaw 230, the second jaw 240 and the pull rod 220 according to requirements.
  • cylindrical protrusions are provided on the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240, respectively.
  • the cylindrical protrusion is a first protrusion 225, and the two first protrusions 225 are both inserted into the third connecting hole 224 of the pull rod 220, so that the first clamp 230 and the second clamp 240 are rotatably connected to the pull rod 220, respectively.
  • the first connecting hole 232 of the clamp 230 is rotatably connected with the first clamp 230, and the other of the two second protrusions 226 penetrates the second connecting hole 242 of the second clamp 240 to connect with the first clamp 230.
  • the two jaws 240 are rotatably connected (as shown in FIG. 6).
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first clamp 230 in the clamp head 200 provided by this embodiment. Please refer to FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 7 in combination.
  • the structure of the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 are the same.
  • the structure of the first jaw 230 is taken as an example for the first jaw 230.
  • the structure of the second jaw 240 will be described. It is understandable that in some other implementations, the structures of the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 can also be specifically set according to requirements, for example, the structures of the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 are set to be different.
  • the first jaw 230 includes a first cup mouth portion 234 and a first jaw leg portion 231 that are connected to each other, and the first cup mouth portion 234 and the first jaw leg portion 231 are integrally provided.
  • the first cup mouth portion 234 forms the distal end portion of the first jaw 230
  • the first jaw leg portion 231 forms the proximal end portion of the first jaw 230.
  • the first cup mouth 234 is in a bowl shape, and it is formed with a first cup mouth 235 open on one side.
  • the second jaw 240 also has a second cup mouth 244 and a second jaw 241 connected to each other.
  • the second cup opening 244 is formed with a second cup opening 245 that is open on one side.
  • first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 are relatively close to or far away
  • first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 are relatively close or far away, that is, The positions of the first cup opening 235 and the second cup opening 245 are relatively close to or far away, so that the pliers head 200 is switched between the closed state and the opened state.
  • the first cup opening 235 and the second cup opening 245 are closed to form a sampling cavity, so that the tissue 31 to be sampled, that is, the target tissue, is clamped into the sampling cavity Therefore, after the forceps 200 is taken out of the human body 30, the tissue in the sampling cavity is taken out of the human body 30 for subsequent pathological research.
  • the first cup opening 235 and the second cup opening 245 are separated, thereby opening the sampling cavity, so that the tissue sampled in the sampling cavity can be removed smoothly, or the tissue 31 to be sampled can be smoothly removed After entering between the first cup mouth portion 234 and the second cup mouth portion 244, so that the forceps head 200 is switched to the closed state, the tissue is smoothly clamped into the sampling cavity.
  • the first jaw 230 is formed by stamping, and the first jaw portion 231 is formed by folding and folding a plate-like member. That is, the first jaw portion 231 can be regarded as including two plates fixedly connected at one end. The connecting hole 232 is provided through the two plates at the same time. It is understandable that, in some other embodiments, the first jaw 230 may also be made in other ways, such as casting. When other manufacturing methods are adopted, the first pliers leg portion 231 may also include only one layer of plates.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the pliers head 200 provided by this embodiment from a second perspective
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the pliers head 200 provided by this embodiment in an open state.
  • the first jaw 230 is provided with a first matching groove 233
  • the first matching groove 233 penetrates the first jaw 230
  • the first matching The groove 233 is slidably fitted with the jaw base 210, so that the first jaw 230 can slide relative to the jaw base 210 along the extension direction of the first mating groove 233, so that the first jaw 230 rotates relative to the jaw base 210 at the same time
  • the first rotation axis of the first jaw 230 can move relative to the jaw base 210 in the connecting direction of the proximal end and the distal end.
  • the first matching groove 233 is an arc-shaped groove. It is understandable that in other embodiments, the shape of the first matching groove 233 can also be set according to requirements.
  • the first matching groove 233 is set to be formed by combining two sections of strip grooves arranged at an angle. The strip grooves are respectively the first strip groove 237 and the second strip groove 238, and the joint of the first strip groove 237 and the second strip groove 238 transitions in an arc (as shown in FIG. 10).
  • a second matching groove 243 is provided on the second jaw 240, the second matching groove 243 penetrates the second jaw 240, and the second matching groove 243 is slidingly fitted with the jaw base 210, so that the second jaw 240 It can slide relative to the jaw base 210 along the extension direction of the second mating groove 243, so that while the second jaw 240 rotates relative to the jaw base 210, the second rotation axis of the second jaw 240 can be relative to the jaw base 210. Move in the direction of the connection between the near end and the far end.
  • the second matching groove 243 is an arc-shaped groove. At the same time, the rotation directions of the first matching groove 233 and the second matching groove 243 are opposite. As shown in FIG.
  • the first mating groove 233 is opened in the first jaw portion 231, and the first mating groove 233 is located at one side of the distal end of the first connecting hole 232, that is, the first connecting hole 232 is located near the first mating groove 233. Side of the end.
  • the second mating groove 243 is opened in the second jaw portion 241, and the second mating groove 243 is located on the side of the distal end of the second connecting hole 242, that is, the second connecting hole 242 is located on the side of the proximal end of the second matching groove 243 .
  • first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 is not limited here. It is understood that in other embodiments, the first jaw 230 and the second jaw may be specifically provided according to requirements. The structure of the clip 240.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic structural diagram of a fourth type of clamp head.
  • the first cup mouth portion 234 and the first pliers leg portion 231 of the first jaw 230 are arranged separately, and the first cup mouth portion 234 and the first pliers leg portion 231 are rotatably connected.
  • the first cup mouth 234 is rotatably connected with the pliers head base 210, and the first pliers leg 231 is rotatably connected with the pull rod 220 through the second pin 251.
  • the pull rod 220 moves relative to the clamp head base 210 under the action of the pull cable 120
  • the second pin 251 moves with the pull rod 220 relative to the clamp head base 210 in the connection direction between the proximal end and the distal end.
  • the first rotation axis is the rotation axis of the first clamp leg portion 231
  • the upper part moves relative to the clamp head base 210, thereby driving the first cup mouth portion 234 to rotate relative to the clamp head base 210, thereby switching the clamp head 200 between the closed state and the open state.
  • the second cup mouth portion 244 and the second pliers leg portion 241 of the second jaw 240 are separately arranged, and the second cup mouth portion 244 and the second pliers leg portion 241 are rotatably connected, and the second rotation axis is the first The axis of rotation of the feet 241 of the second pliers.
  • the clamp head base 210 includes a base 212 and a first pin 211 installed on the base 212, the first pin 211 passes through the first pin 211 A mating groove 233 and a second mating groove 243, so that both the first mating groove 233 and the second mating groove 243 are in sliding fit with the clamp head base 210.
  • the movement directions of the first jaw 230 relative to the jaw base 210 along the first mating groove 233 and the movement of the second jaw 240 relative to the jaw base 210 along the second mating groove 243 are opposite, so that the first jaw 230 It is relatively close to or far away from the second jaw 240, so that the jaw 200 is switched between the closed state and the open state.
  • the first pin 211 and the distal end portion of the pull rod 220 are movably matched along the second preset direction to limit the movement of the pull rod 220.
  • the base body 212 includes a connecting block 2121 and a first arm 2122 and a second arm 2123.
  • the connecting block 2121 has a cylindrical shape.
  • the first arm 2122 and the second arm 2123 are simultaneously arranged on the distal end surface of the connecting block 2121, and the first arm 2122 and the second arm 2123 are spaced apart to form a substantially Y-shaped ⁇ 212 ⁇ Block 212. Since the first arm 2122 and the second arm 2123 are spaced apart, a U-shaped movable space is formed between the first arm 2122 and the second arm 2123.
  • Both ends of the first pin 211 are respectively connected with the distal ends of the first arm 2122 and the second arm 2123, so when the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 slide relative to the jaw base 210, the first jaw The proximal ends of the clamp 230 and the second clamp 240 are accommodated in the movable space, so that the first clamp 230 and the second clamp 240 can move smoothly.
  • a limit hole 213 is provided on the clamp head base 210, and a limit hole 213 is penetrated through the proximal part of the pull rod 220, so that the proximal part of the pull rod 220 and the limit hole 213 can be movably connected along the first preset direction .
  • the limiting hole 213 is opened on the connecting block 2121, and the limiting hole 213 is in communication with the movable space.
  • the pull rod 220 is arranged in the movable space, and a limit hole 213 is penetrated at the proximal end portion of the pull rod 220, so that the movement trajectory of the pull rod 220 is restricted through the limit hole 213.
  • the tie rod 220 includes a flat part and a rod part 221 connected to each other.
  • the rod part 221 passes through the limit hole 213.
  • the shape of the rod part 221 matches the shape of the limit hole 213.
  • the rod part 221 is the proximal part of the tie rod 220.
  • the first preset direction is the moving direction of the rod 221 in the limiting hole 213, and correspondingly, the flat part is the distal part of the pull rod 220.
  • both the rod portion 221 and the limiting hole 213 are circular.
  • the sliding fit of the rod 221 and the limiting hole 213 realizes the limiting of the pull rod 220.
  • the limiting hole 213 and the rod 221 are in clearance fit, so the rod 221 is in
  • the limiting hole 213 can also be deflected within a certain angle relative to the axis of the limiting hole 213.
  • the distal end portion of the pull rod 220 extends to the first pin shaft 211, and is movably fitted with the first pin shaft 211 along the second preset direction, that is, the flat part is movably fitted with the first pin shaft 211, so that the pull rod 220 is movably fitted.
  • the activities are limited.
  • the pliers head 200 through the cooperation of the limit hole 213 and the rod 221, and the cooperation of the first pin 211 and the flat part 222, has an impact on the tension of the rod 220 when the cable 120 pushes and pulls the rod 220 close to or away from the handle 110
  • the movement trajectory is limited so that the movement trajectory of the pull rod 220 is fixed, thereby ensuring that the movement trajectory of the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 is fixed, that is, it is ensured that the first jaw 230 and the first jaw 230 are in an open state when the jaw 200 is in an open state.
  • the fixed position of the second clamp 240 helps to ensure the accuracy of the biopsy forceps 10.
  • the third connecting hole 224 is opened in the flat portion 222, that is, the flat portion 222 is sandwiched between the first pliers leg portion 231 and the second pliers leg portion 241.
  • the distal end portion of the pull rod 220 is provided with a sliding groove 223, and the first pin 211 is penetrated with the sliding groove 223, so that the first pin 211 and the pull rod 220
  • the distal portion is movably fitted along a second predetermined direction, which is substantially the extending direction of the sliding groove 223.
  • the sliding groove 223 is opened in the flat portion 222.
  • the first arm 2122 is provided with a first mounting hole 2124
  • the second arm 2123 is provided with a second mounting hole 2125.
  • the proximal portions of the first jaw 230, the pull rod 220, and the second jaw 240 are sequentially arranged in the first jaw.
  • the first pin shaft 211 passes through the first mounting hole 2124, the first matching groove 233, the sliding groove 223, the second matching groove 243, and the second mounting hole 2125 in sequence.
  • the two ends of the first pin 211 are respectively welded and fixed with the first arm 2122 and the second arm 2123, so that the first jaw 230 is slidably fitted with the jaw seat 210 along the first arc-shaped hole, and the second jaw 240 is slidably fitted with the clamp head base 210 along the second arc-shaped hole, and the pull rod 220 is slidably fitted with the clamp head base 210 along the sliding groove 223, so that the sliding of the sliding groove 223 and the first pin 211 drives the first clamp 230 and the first clamp The second jaw 240 slides relative to the first pin shaft 211.
  • the clamp head 200 When the first pin shaft 211 moves to abut against the proximal end of the sliding groove 223 or against the proximal end of the first matching groove 233 and the second matching groove 243 When connected, the clamp head 200 is in an open state. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments, the first pin 211 and the seat body 212 can be fixed in other ways, such as riveting or bonding.
  • the pull rod 220 is provided with a sliding groove 223, and the sliding cooperation between the first pin 211 and the sliding groove 223 realizes the movable cooperation between the distal part of the pull rod 220 and the clamp head base 210. It is understood that in some other embodiments, other structures can also be used to realize the movable cooperation between the distal end portion of the pull rod 220 and the jaw base 210 according to requirements.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the fifth type of pliers head 200 provided by this embodiment. As shown in FIG.
  • the slender part of 220 penetrates through the through hole, so that the distal part of the pull rod 220 can be movably matched with the first pin 211, and the movement of the tie rod 220 is restricted by the cooperation of the through hole and the slender part. .
  • the sliding groove 223 is a hole-shaped groove provided through the flat portion 222, that is, the two axial ends of the sliding groove 223 penetrate the flat portion 222 in an open shape, and the circumferential direction is closed.
  • the first pin shaft 211 cannot be separated from the sliding groove 223, and the reliability of the structure is high.
  • the pull rod 220 can only slide with the first pin shaft 211 along the extending direction of the sliding groove 223, and the movement is stable.
  • the sliding groove 223 can also be provided according to requirements, for example, the sliding groove 223 is arranged at the edge of the pull rod 220, and the circumferential edge of the sliding groove 223 penetrates the structure of the flat portion 222, in other words, the sliding groove 223
  • the groove 223 is provided to be formed by recessing the side wall of the flat portion 222.
  • the sliding groove 223 is a strip groove. It should be noted that in the description of this embodiment, the “strip groove” refers to a groove extending in a straight direction.
  • the sliding groove 223 extends along the axial direction of the limiting hole 213, so the distal portion and the proximal portion of the pull rod 220 are limited by the first pin 211 and the limiting hole 213, so that the pull rod 220 is pulled
  • the cable 120 moves along the axial direction of the limiting hole 213.
  • the first predetermined direction and the second predetermined direction are both the axial direction of the limiting hole 213, that is, the first predetermined direction and the second predetermined direction.
  • the first clamp 230 and the second clamp 240 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the axial direction of the limiting hole 213, that is, the moving component moves in the center.
  • the movement trajectory of the pull rod 220 is defined by the cooperation of the proximal and distal portions of the pull rod 220 with the pliers head base 210, the pairing of the pliers can be achieved without high-precision cooperation.
  • the problem of positional deviation and unfixed position when the head 200 is opened is improved to help reduce production costs and ensure product qualification rate.
  • the sliding groove 223 is a strip-shaped groove. It is understandable that in some other embodiments, the extending direction of the sliding groove 223 can also be set according to requirements, for example, the sliding groove 223 is set as an arc.
  • the groove can limit the movement of the pull rod 220 through the cooperation of the sliding groove 223 and the first pin shaft 211, so as to ensure that the movement track of the pull rod 220 is fixed.
  • the distal end of the pull rod 220 has an abutment portion 227, the abutment portion 227 is configured to interfere with the tissue 31 to be sampled, so as to enter the first clamp 230 and the second clamp
  • the tissue limit between the clamps 240 so as to control the amount of tissue entering between the first clamp 230 and the second clamp 240, to ensure that the sampling volume can meet the needs of subsequent pathological research and minimize 30 damage to the human body.
  • the sampling amount it is possible to prevent part of the tissue from protruding from the proximal end of the sampling cavity when the clamp head 200 is clamped, thereby preventing the first cup opening 235 and the second cup opening 245 from closing and causing tearing of the tissue during the clamp removal. problem.
  • the line connecting the proximal end of the first cup opening 235 and the proximal end of the second cup opening 245 forms a preset straight line 252, that is, the preset straight line 252 is the first cup opening 235
  • the connection between the proximal end of the end (the end is the first end 236, shown in FIG. 7) and the proximal end of the second cup 245 (the end is the second end).
  • the conflicting portion 227 is located at one side of the distal end of the preset straight line 252 or the conflicting portion 227 coincides with the preset straight line 252, that is, in the direction from the proximal end to the distal end, the conflicting portion 227 crosses the preset straight line 252, or the conflicting portion 227 just coincides with the preset straight line 252 to ensure proper sampling amount.
  • the abutting portion 227 is the end surface of the distal end of the pull rod 220.
  • the end surface is a flat surface.
  • the flat surface is flush with the preset straight line 252, which not only ensures a sufficient sampling amount Moreover, setting the conflicting portion 227 as a plane can obtain a good limiting effect under the premise of ensuring the contact area between the conflicting portion 227 and the tissue.
  • the structure of the resisting portion 227 can also be provided according to requirements.
  • the resisting portion 227 can be provided as a curved surface located at the distal end of the pull rod 220.
  • the conflicting portion 227 is flush with the preset straight line 252. It is understandable that in some other embodiments, the conflicting portion 227 can also be set to be a distal end of the preset straight line 252. On the other hand, it can be ensured that the abutting portion 227 will not interfere with the switching between the open state and the closed state of the pliers head 200.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the clamp head 200 provided by this embodiment when it is in an open state. Please refer to FIGS. 8 and 13 in combination.
  • the proximal part and the distal part of the pull rod 220 are matched with the clamp head base 210, the movement of the pull rod 220 is restricted to ensure that the movement trajectory of the pull rod 220 is fixed. Therefore, there is no need to limit the position of the tie rod 220 by the conflict between the end of the tie rod 220 and the channel wall. Therefore, the length of the tie rod 220 can be shortened as much as possible to reduce the total length L of the hard end of the clamp head 200. The total length of the hard end is short, and the cornering performance is good.
  • the human body 30 can pass through the cavity with a smaller bending radius, so that the forceps 200 can smoothly pass through the human body 30 cavities such as the right upper lobe trachea branch tube, so that the more pathological limit positions that the forceps 200 can reach, promote Expansion of the scope of clinical biopsy.
  • the proximal end of the connecting block 2121 is provided with a mounting cavity 214, the mounting cavity 214 is connected to the proximal end of the limiting hole 213, and the radial dimension of the mounting cavity 214 is larger than the radial size of the limiting hole 213.
  • the mounting cavity 214 penetrates the proximal end of the connecting block 2121, that is, the mounting cavity 214 has an opening at the proximal end of the connecting block 2121, so that the distal end of the spring tube 130 extends into the mounting cavity 214 through the opening, thereby connecting the clamp head base 210 with The distal end of the spring tube 130 is fixedly connected.
  • the proximal part of the pull rod 220 extends through the limiting hole 213 into the inner cavity 131 of the spring tube 130, and the aforementioned passage is the inner cavity 131 of the spring tube 130.
  • the "total length of the hard end” refers to the distance from the proximal end surface of the pull rod 220 to the distal end of the clamp when the clamp head 200 is in the closed state (as shown in FIG. 8) .
  • the proximal end of the pull rod 220 penetrates the inner cavity 131 of the spring tube 130, that is, when the pull rod 220 moves relative to the clamp head base 210, the proximal end of the pull rod 220 is The part is always in the inner cavity 131 of the spring tube 130 to prevent the connection between the spring tube 130 and the clamp head base 210 from interfering with the movement of the pull rod 220, hindering the movement of the pull rod 220 and causing the problem of the pull rod 220 being stuck.
  • the proximal end of the pull rod 220 is located in the inner cavity 131, and the total length of the hard end of the pliers head 200 can meet the bending requirements in the cavity of the human body 30.
  • the working principle of the biopsy forceps 10 is:
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the biopsy forceps 10 provided by this embodiment when in use. Please refer to FIGS. 1 to 14 in combination.
  • the biopsy forceps 10 provided in this embodiment can be used to extend the biopsy forceps 10 into the human body 30 through the forceps of the endoscope 20, and the forceps 200 from the forceps of the endoscope 20 The distal end of the rod is extended to grasp the tissue 31 to be sampled by switching the forceps head 200 between the closed state and the open state.
  • the forceps head 200 of the biopsy forceps 10 extends into the inside of the human body 30 through the forceps path, the forceps head 200 is in a closed state.
  • the operator operates The handle 110 thus pushes the pull rod 220 to move distally relative to the clamp head base 210 through the pull cable 120, the first pin 211 slides proximally with respect to the sliding groove 223, and the pull rod 220 drives the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 to move toward the distal end.
  • the handle 110 is manipulated to push the forceps head 200 towards the distal end as a whole until the abutment portion 227 collides with the tissue 31 to be sampled, even if the distal end of the pull rod 220 faces the tissue with the sampling limit, so as to ensure that the sample is sampled after the clamp is removed.
  • the amount of organization is manipulated to push the forceps head 200 towards the distal end as a whole until the abutment portion 227 collides with the tissue 31 to be sampled, even if the distal end of the pull rod 220 faces the tissue with the sampling limit, so as to ensure that the sample is sampled after the clamp is removed.
  • the pull rod 220 is pulled by the cable 120 to move proximally relative to the clamp head base 210, and the first pin 211 slides distally relative to the sliding groove 223, the first matching groove 233, and the second matching groove 243, so that the first clamp 230 and the second jaw 240 are relatively close until the first cup mouth portion 234 and the second cup mouth portion 244 are pressed against each other, the jaw 200 is switched from the open state to the closed state, and is located between the first jaw 230 and the second jaw The tissue between the clamps 240 is clamped into the sampling cavity formed between the first cup mouth 234 and the second cup mouth 244. Finally, the forceps head 200 is kept closed, and the biopsy forceps 10 can be taken out.
  • the clamp head 200 provided in this embodiment has at least the following advantages:
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a pliers head 200, which slidably engages with the distal end portion of the pliers head base 210 by opening a sliding groove 223 at the distal end portion of the pull rod 220, thereby restricting the movement of the distal end portion of the pull rod 220 At the same time, the proximal part of the pull rod 220 is slidably fitted with the clamp head base 210 to limit the movement of the proximal part of the pull rod 220.
  • the two simultaneous limits ensure that the motion trajectory of the pull rod 220 relative to the clamp head base 210 is fixed, and then It is ensured that the movement trajectory of the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 is fixed, that is, when the jaw 200 is opened, the position of the first jaw 230 and the second jaw 240 relative to the jaw holder 210 is fixed, which helps to ensure the sampling Accuracy, thereby reducing the difficulty of sampling and shortening the operation time. Moreover, the total length of the hard end of the forceps head 200 can be effectively shortened, and the bending performance of the forceps head 200 can be ensured, so as to increase the number of pathological limit positions that the forceps head 200 can reach.
  • the position of the distal end of the pull rod 220 is limited, so that the distal end of the pull rod 220 can limit the tissue 31 to be sampled before sampling. Position, so as to ensure the amount of tissue to be clamped, the clamp can be closed smoothly and avoid the problem of tissue tearing.
  • This embodiment also provides a biopsy forceps 10, which includes the above-mentioned forceps head 200, and therefore also has a fixed position of the forceps head 200, accurate sampling, high bending performance, reachable pathological limit positions, and effective control of sampling The beneficial effect of the amount.

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Abstract

一种钳头及活检钳。其中，钳头（200）包括钳头座（210）、拉杆（220）、第一钳夹（230）以及第二钳夹（240）；拉杆的近端部分沿第一预设方向可活动地与钳头座配合，拉杆的远端部分沿第二预设方向可活动地与钳头座配合，通过拉杆两端与钳头座的配合，以及钳头座对拉杆的限位作用，从而对拉杆的运动轨迹进行限定；第一钳夹（230）和第二钳夹（240）均与拉杆（220）转动连接，第一钳夹和第二钳夹在拉杆的带动下相对钳头座运动，由于拉杆的活动轨迹固定，因此第一钳夹和第二钳夹的运动也相应固定，从而保证了钳头张开时的位置固定，有助于操作人员准确钳取目标组织。

Description

一种钳头及活检钳
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求于2020年05月26日提交中国专利局的申请号为CN202010460594.X、名称为“一种钳头及活检钳”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及医疗器械技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种钳头及活检钳。
背景技术
活检钳是临床实践中广泛应用的医疗器械，目前，活检钳在使用时，通过内窥镜的钳道插入人体，使用时将活检钳打开，从而钳取组织样本，以根据样本进行后续的病理学研究。
然而现有的活检钳，在钳头打开时，钳头位置不固定，因此在钳取样本时难以准确获得目标组织，操作困难，而且若无法取到或者取偏目标组织，则会对后续的病理学研究造成影响。
发明内容
本公开的目的包括，例如，提供了一种钳头，其能够改善钳头张开时位置不固定和难以准确获得目标组织的问题。
本公开的目的还包括，提供了一种活检钳，其能够改善钳头张开时位置不固定和难以准确获得目标组织的问题。
本公开的实施例可以这样实现：
本公开的实施例提供了一种钳头，用于活检钳，所述钳头包括钳头座、拉杆、第一钳夹以及第二钳夹；
所述拉杆的近端部分沿第一预设方向可活动地与所述钳头座配合，所述拉杆的远端部分沿第二预设方向可活动地与所述钳头座配合；所述第一钳夹和所述第二钳夹均与所述拉杆转动连接；
当所述拉杆相对所述钳头座活动时，所述第一钳夹和所述第二钳夹在所述拉杆的带动 下相对所述钳头座转动，以使所述钳头在闭合状态与张开状态之间切换，同时在近端与远端的连线方向上，所述第一钳夹的第一转动轴线以及所述第二钳夹的第二转动轴线相对所述钳头座运动；
其中，所述第一转动轴线为所述第一钳夹的至少部分相对所述钳头座转动的轴线；所述第二转动轴线为所述第二钳夹的至少部分相对所述钳头座转动的轴线。
可选地，所述钳头座包括座体以及安装于所述座体的第一销轴，所述第一销轴与所述拉杆的远端部分沿所述第二预设方向可活动地配合。
可选地，所述拉杆的远端部分设置有滑槽，所述第一销轴穿设所述滑槽，以使所述第一销轴与所述拉杆的远端部分沿所述第二预设方向可活动地配合。
可选地，所述滑槽为条形槽。
可选地，所述第一预设方向与所述第二预设方向重合。
可选地，所述滑槽为弧形槽。
可选地，所述拉杆的远端部分具有抵触部，所述抵触部配置成与待取样的组织抵触，以对进入所述第一钳夹和所述第二钳夹之间的所述组织限位。
可选地，所述第一钳夹的远端具有第一杯口，所述第二钳夹的远端具有第二杯口；当所述钳头处于张开状态时，所述第一杯口的近端与所述第二杯口的近端的连线为预设直线，所述抵触部位于所述预设直线远端的一侧或所述抵触部与所述预设直线重合。
可选地，所述抵触部为所述拉杆远端的端面。
可选地，所述端面为平面或弧面。
可选地，所述钳头座具有限位孔，所述拉杆的近端部分穿设所述限位孔，且所述拉杆的近端部分与所述限位孔沿第一预设方向可活动地配合。
可选地，所述钳头还包括连接于所述钳头座的外管，所述外管的内腔与所述限位孔连通；当所述钳头处于张开状态时，所述拉杆的近端穿设于所述内腔。
可选地，当所述钳头处于张开状态时，所述拉杆的近端插入所述内腔中的长度为a，0mm≤a≤1mm。
可选地，0mm≤a≤0.3mm。
可选地，所述钳头还包括第二销轴，所述第一钳夹具有第一连接孔，所述第二钳夹具有第二连接孔，所述拉杆具有第三连接孔，所述第二销轴同时与所述第一连接孔、所述第二连接孔和所述第三连接孔配合，以使所述第一钳夹和所述第二钳夹均绕所述第二销轴的轴线与所述拉杆可转动地连接；所述第一转动轴线和所述第二转动轴线均为所述第二销轴的轴线。
可选地，所述第一钳夹设置有第一配合槽，所述第一配合槽与所述钳头座滑动配合，以使在近端与远端的连线方向上，所述第一转动轴线能够相对所述钳头座运动；和/或，所述第二钳夹设置有第二配合槽，所述第二配合槽与所述钳头座滑动配合，以使在近端与远端的连线方向上，所述第二转动轴线能够相对所述钳头座运动。
可选地，所述第一配合槽为弧形槽；和/或，所述第二配合槽为弧形槽。
本公开的实施例还提供了一种活检钳。该活检钳包括钳头，钳头包括钳头座、拉杆、第一钳夹以及第二钳夹；所述拉杆的近端部分沿第一预设方向可活动地与所述钳头座配合，所述拉杆的远端部分沿第二预设方向可活动地与所述钳头座配合；所述第一钳夹和所述第二钳夹均与所述拉杆转动连接；当所述拉杆相对所述钳头座活动时，所述第一钳夹和所述第二钳夹在所述拉杆的带动下相对所述钳头座转动，以使所述钳头在闭合状态与张开状态之间切换，同时在近端与远端的连线方向上，所述第一钳夹的第一转动轴线以及所述第二钳夹的第二转动轴线相对所述钳头座运动；其中，所述第一转动轴线为所述第一钳夹的至少部分相对所述钳头座转动的轴线；所述第二转动轴线为所述第二钳夹的至少部分相对所述钳头座转动的轴线。
本公开实施例的钳头及活检钳的有益效果包括，例如：
本公开的实施例提供了一种钳头，用于活检钳。钳头包括钳头座、拉杆、第一钳夹以及第二钳夹。拉杆的近端部分沿第一预设方向可活动地与钳头座配合，拉杆的远端部分沿第二预设方向可活动地与钳头座配合，通过拉杆两端与钳头座的配合，以及钳头座对拉杆的限位作用，从而对拉杆的运动轨迹进行限定。第一钳夹和第二钳夹均与拉杆转动连接，当拉杆相对钳头座活动时，第一钳夹和第二钳夹分别在拉杆的带动下相对钳头座转动，从而使第一钳夹和第二钳夹相对靠近或远离，进而使钳头在闭合状态和张开状态之间切换，而且转动时在近端和远端的连线方向上，第一钳夹的第一转动轴线以及第二钳夹的第二转动轴线相对钳头座运动。由于拉杆的活动轨迹固定，因此第一钳夹和第二钳夹的运动也相应固定，从而保证了钳头张开时的位置固定，有助于操作人员准确钳取目标组织，进而对 后续的病理学研究创造有利条件。
本公开的实施例还提供了一种活检钳，其包括上述的钳头。由于该活检钳包括上述的钳头，因此也具有张开位置固定和钳取准确的有益效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本公开的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本公开实施例提供的活检钳的结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例提供的钳头在取样时的结构示意图；
图3为本公开实施例提供的钳头的爆炸结构示意图；
图4为本公开实施例提供的钳头在第一视角的剖面结构示意图；
图5为本公开实施例提供的第二种钳头的结构示意图；
图6为本公开实施例提供的第三种钳头的结构示意图；
图7为本公开实施例提供的钳头中第一钳夹的结构示意图；
图8为本公开实施例提供的钳头在第二视角下的剖面结构示意图；
图9为本公开实施例提供的钳头处于张开状态下的剖面结构示意图；
图10为本公开实施例提供的钳头中另一种第一钳夹的结构示意图；
图11为本公开实施例提供的第四种钳头的结构示意图；
图12为本公开实施例提供的第五种钳头的剖面结构示意图；
图13为本公开实施例提供的钳头处于张开状态时的剖面结构示意图；
图14为本公开实施例提供的活检钳使用时的结构示意图。
图标：10-活检钳；110-手柄；120-拉索；130-弹簧管；131-内腔；200-钳头；210-钳头座；211-第一销轴；212-座体；2121-连接块；2122-第一支臂；2123-第二支臂；2124-第一安装孔；2125-第二安装孔；213-限位孔；214-安装腔；220-拉杆；221-杆部；222-扁平部； 223-滑槽；224-第三连接孔；225-第一凸起；226-第二凸起；227-抵触部；230-第一钳夹；231-第一钳脚部；232-第一连接孔；233-第一配合槽；234-第一杯口部；235-第一杯口；236-第一端点；237-第一条形槽；238-第二条形槽；240-第二钳夹；241-第二钳脚部；242-第二连接孔；243-第二配合槽；244-第二杯口部；245-第二杯口；251-第二销轴；252-预设直线；20-内窥镜；30-人体；31-待取样的组织。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚和完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本公开实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本公开的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本公开的范围，而是仅仅表示本公开的选定实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，若出现术语“上”、“下”、“内”和“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该发明产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位或者必须以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
此外，若出现术语“第一”和“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本公开的实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
图1为本实施例提供的活检钳10的结构示意图，图2为本实施例提供的钳头200在取样时的结构示意图，图3为本实施例提供的钳头200的爆炸结构示意图，图4为本实施例提供的钳头200在第一视角的剖面结构示意图。请结合参照图1、图2、图3和图4，本实施例提供了一种钳头200，相应地，提供了一种活检钳10。
活检钳10包括钳头200，同时活检钳10还包括手柄110、外管以及拉索120。外管的 两端分别与手柄110和钳头200连接，拉索120穿设于外管内，且拉索120的两端分别与手柄110和钳头200连接，从而使操作者通过手柄110拉动拉索120控制钳头200在张开状态和闭合状态之间切换。具体的，外管为弹簧管130。
钳头200包括钳头座210、拉杆220、第一钳夹230以及第二钳夹240。拉杆220的近端部分沿第一预设方向可活动地与钳头座210配合，拉杆220的远端部分沿第二预设方向可活动地与钳头座210配合，通过拉杆220两端与钳头座210的配合，以及钳头座210对拉杆220的限位作用，从而对拉杆220的运动轨迹进行限定。
第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240均与拉杆220转动连接，当拉杆220相对钳头座210活动时，第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240分别在拉杆220的带动下分别相对钳头座210转动，从而使第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240相对靠近或远离，进而使钳头200在闭合状态和张开状态之间切换，而且转动时在近端和远端的连线方向(即如图2所示的上下方向)上，第一钳夹230的第一转动轴线以及第二钳夹240的第二转动轴线相对钳头座210运动。由于拉杆220的活动轨迹固定，因此第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240的运动也较为固定，从而保证了钳头200张开时的位置固定，有助于操作人员准确钳取目标组织，进而对后续的病理学研究创造有利条件。
需要说明的是，在本实施例的描述中，“近端”为靠近人体30外部的一端，即各部件的近端为该部件靠近手柄110的一端，“远端”为靠近人体30内部的一端，即各部件的远端为该部件远离手柄110的一端。
下面对本实施例提供的钳头200的结构进行进一步说明：
请结合参照图3和图4，在本实施例中，钳头200还包括第二销轴251。第一钳夹230具有第一连接孔232，第二钳夹240具有第二连接孔242，拉杆220具有第三连接孔224。第二销轴251同时与第一连接孔232、第二连接孔242和第三连接孔224配合，从而使第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240绕第二销轴251的轴线与拉杆220可转动地连接，第一钳夹230的第一转动轴线以及第二钳夹240的第二转动轴线均为第二销轴251的轴线。此时第一钳夹230整体绕第一转动轴线相对钳头座210转动，第二钳夹240整体绕第二转动轴线相对钳头座210转动。
具体地，拉杆220夹设在第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240之间，因此第二销轴251依次穿过第一连接孔232、第三连接孔224和第二连接孔242设置，然后将第二销轴251的两端分别焊接固定于第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240，以使第一钳夹230、第二钳夹240和拉杆 220连接成一体，组成活动组件。可以理解的，在其他一些实施例中，也可以根据需求设置第二销轴251与第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240的连接方式，例如通过铆接将第二销轴251的两端分别与第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240固定。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，通过设置第二销轴251，并且在第一钳夹230、第二钳夹240以及拉杆220上开设连接孔，以通过第二销轴251将第一钳夹230、第二钳夹240以及拉杆220连接成一体，同时第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240能够绕第二销轴251的轴线相对拉杆220转动，可以理解的，在其他一些实施例中，也可以根据需求采用其他方式实现第一钳夹230、第二钳夹240和拉杆220的连接，例如在第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240上分别设置圆柱状凸起，该圆柱状凸起为第一凸起225，两个第一凸起225均插设拉杆220的第三连接孔224，从而将第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240分别可转动地与拉杆220连接(如图5所示)，或者，在拉杆220的两侧分别设置圆柱状凸起，该圆柱状凸起为第二凸起226，两个第二凸起226中的一个穿设第一钳夹230的第一连接孔232，以与第一钳夹230可转动地连接，两个第二凸起226中的另一个穿设第二钳夹240的第二连接孔242，以与第二钳夹240可转动地连接(如图6所示)。
图7为本实施例提供的钳头200中第一钳夹230的结构示意图。请结合参照图2、图3和图7，在本实施例中，第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240的结构相同，下面以第一钳夹230的结构为例对第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240的结构进行说明。可以理解的，在其他一些实施中，也可以根据需求具体设置第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240的结构，例如将第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240的结构设置为不同。
第一钳夹230包括相互连接的第一杯口部234和第一钳脚部231，且第一杯口部234与第一钳脚部231一体设置。第一杯口部234形成第一钳夹230的远端部分，第一钳脚部231形成第一钳夹230的近端部分。第一杯口部234呈碗状，其形成有一侧开口的第一杯口235，相应地，第二钳夹240也具有相互连接的第二杯口部244和第二钳脚部241，第二杯口部244形成有一侧开口的第二杯口245。
需要说明的是，在本实施例的描述中，“第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240相对靠近或远离”指第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240的位置相对靠近或远离，即第一杯口235和第二杯口245的位置相对靠近或远离，从而使钳头200在闭合状态和张开状态之间切换。
当钳头200处于闭合状态时(如图4所示)，第一杯口235和第二杯口245闭合形成取样腔，从而将待取样的组织31，即目标组织，钳取在取样腔内，从而在将钳头200取出人 体30后将取样腔中的组织带出人体30以进行后续的病理学研究。当钳头200处于张开状态时，第一杯口235和第二杯口245分离，从而将取样腔打开，以使取样腔内已取样的组织顺利取出，或者使待取样的组织31能够顺利进入第一杯口部234和第二杯口部244之间，以使钳头200切换至闭合状态后，组织被顺利钳取在取样腔内。
具体地，第一钳夹230采用冲压成型，其第一钳脚部231通过板状件翻折叠合形成，即第一钳脚部231可看做包括两个一端固定连接的板件，第一连接孔232同时贯穿该两个板件设置。可以理解的，在其他一些实施例中，也可以采用其他方式制成第一钳夹230，例如铸造。当采用其他的制造方式时，第一钳脚部231也可以仅包括一层板件。
图8为本实施例提供的钳头200在第二视角下的剖面结构示意图，图9为本实施例提供的钳头200处于张开状态下的剖面结构示意图。请结合参照图3、图4、图8和图9，在本实施例中，第一钳夹230上设置有第一配合槽233，第一配合槽233贯穿第一钳夹230，第一配合槽233与钳头座210滑动配合，从而使第一钳夹230能够相对钳头座210沿第一配合槽233的延伸方向滑动，进而使得在第一钳夹230相对钳头座210转动的同时，第一钳夹230的第一转动轴线能够相对钳头座210在近端与远端的连线方向上运动。可选地，第一配合槽233为弧形槽。可以理解的，在其他实施例中，也可以根据需求设置第一配合槽233的形状，例如将第一配合槽233设置为由两段呈夹角设置的条形槽组合而成，该两段条形槽分别为第一条形槽237和第二条形槽238，同时第一条形槽237和第二条形槽238的连接处圆弧过渡(如图10所示)。
同理的，第二钳夹240上设置有第二配合槽243，第二配合槽243贯穿第二钳夹240，第二配合槽243与钳头座210滑动配合，从而使第二钳夹240能相对钳头座210沿第二配合槽243的延伸方向滑动，进而使得在第二钳夹240相对钳头座210转动的同时，第二钳夹240的第二转动轴线能够相对钳头座210在近端与远端的连线方向上运动。可选地，第二配合槽243为弧形槽。同时第一配合槽233和第二配合槽243的旋向相反，如图3所示，沿从近端至远端的方向，第一配合槽233沿顺时针方向延伸形成，第二配合槽243沿逆时针方向延伸形成，因此当拉杆220在向远离手柄110的方向或靠近手柄110的方向运动时，第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240分别在拉杆220的带动下沿第一配合槽233和第二配合槽243相对钳头座210滑动，进而使第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240相对靠近或远离。
具体地，第一配合槽233开设于第一钳脚部231，且第一配合槽233位于第一连接孔232的远端的一侧，即第一连接孔232位于第一配合槽233的近端的一侧。第二配合槽243 开设于第二钳脚部241，第二配合槽243位于第二连接孔242的远端的一侧，即第二连接孔242位于第二配合槽243的近端的一侧。
需要说明的是，此处并不对第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240的结构进行限制，可以理解的，在其他实施例中，也可以根据需求具体设置第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240的结构。
作为示例性地，图11示出了第四种钳头的结构示意图。如图11所示，第一钳夹230的第一杯口部234和第一钳脚部231分体设置，同时第一杯口部234与第一钳脚部231转动连接。第一杯口部234与钳头座210转动连接，第一钳脚部231通过第二销轴251与拉杆220转动连接。当拉杆220在拉索120的作用下相对钳头座210活动时，第二销轴251随拉杆220在近端和远端的连线方向上相对钳头座210运动，由于第一钳脚部231相对钳头座210绕第二销轴251的轴线转动(即第一转动轴线为第一钳脚部231的转动轴线)，因此第一钳脚部231在近端和远端的连线方向上相对钳头座210运动，从而带动第一杯口部234相对钳头座210转动，进而使钳头200在闭合状态和张开状态之间切换。同理的，第二钳夹240的第二杯口部244和第二钳脚部241分体设置，且第二杯口部244和第二钳脚部241转动连接，第二转动轴线为第二钳脚部241的转动轴线。
请结合参照图3、图4、图8和图9，在本实施例中，钳头座210包括座体212以及安装于座体212的第一销轴211，第一销轴211穿设第一配合槽233和第二配合槽243，从而使第一配合槽233和第二配合槽243均与钳头座210滑动配合，由于第一配合槽233和第二配合槽243的旋向相反，因此在第一钳夹230沿第一配合槽233相对钳头座210的运动以及第二钳夹240沿第二配合槽243相对钳头座210的运动的方向相反，从而使第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240相对靠近或远离，以使钳头200在闭合状态和张开状态之间切换。同时，第一销轴211与拉杆220的远端部分沿第二预设方向可活动的配合，以对拉杆220的活动进行限位。
具体地，座体212包括连接块2121以及第一支臂2122和第二支臂2123。连接块2121呈圆柱状第一支臂2122和第二支臂2123同时设置在连接块2121远端端面上，且第一支臂2122和第二支臂2123间隔设置，从而形成大致为Y形的座体212。由于第一支臂2122和第二支臂2123间隔设置，从而在第一支臂2122和第二支臂2123之间形成U形的活动空间。第一销轴211的两端分别与第一支臂2122和第二支臂2123的远端连接，因此当第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240相对钳头座210滑动时，第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240的近端被容纳在活动空间内，以使第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240顺利活动。
进一步地，钳头座210上设置有限位孔213，拉杆220的近端部分穿设限位孔213，从而使拉杆220的近端部分与限位孔213沿第一预设方向可活动地连接。具体地，限位孔213开设在连接块2121上，且限位孔213与活动空间连通。拉杆220设置在活动空间内，且拉杆220的近端部分穿设限位孔213，从而通过限位孔213对拉杆220的运动轨迹进行限位。
拉杆220包括相互连接的偏平部以及杆部221，杆部221穿设于限位孔213，杆部221的形状与限位孔213的形状相匹配，杆部221即为拉杆220的近端部分，第一预设方向即为杆部221在限位孔213中的活动方向，相应地，偏平部即为拉杆220的远端部分。可选地，杆部221与限位孔213均呈圆形。
通过杆部221与限位孔213的滑动配合实现对拉杆220的限位。为了保证杆部221在限位孔213中的活动顺畅性，即钳头200在闭合状态和张开状态之间切换的顺畅性，限位孔213与杆部221间隙配合，因此杆部221在限位孔213中除可沿限位孔213的轴线活动外还可以相对限位孔213的轴线进行一定角度内的偏转。
拉杆220的远端部分延伸至第一销轴211，且与第一销轴211沿第二预设方向可活动的配合，即偏平部与第一销轴211可活动地配合，从而对拉杆220的活动进行限位。因此该钳头200通过限位孔213与杆部221的配合，以及第一销轴211与扁平部222的配合的共同作用，对当拉索120推拉拉杆220靠近或远离手柄110时拉杆220的运动轨迹进行限定，以使拉杆220的运动轨迹固定，从而保证了第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240的运动轨迹固定，即保证了钳头200处于张开状态时第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240的位置固定，有助于保证活检钳10的钳取准确性。可选地，第三连接孔224开设于扁平部222，即扁平部222夹设在第一钳脚部231和第二钳脚部241之间。
请继续结合参照图2-图9，在本实施例中，拉杆220的远端部分设置有滑槽223，第一销轴211穿设滑槽223，以使第一销轴211与拉杆220的远端部分沿第二预设方向可活动地配合，第二预设方向大致为滑槽223的延伸方向。具体地，滑槽223开设于扁平部222。第一支臂2122上开设有第一安装孔2124，第二支臂2123上开设有第二安装孔2125，第一钳夹230、拉杆220以及第二钳夹240的近端部分依次设置在第一支臂2122和第二支臂2123之间，第一销轴211依次穿设第一安装孔2124、第一配合槽233、滑槽223、第二配合槽243和第二安装孔2125，然后将第一销轴211的两端分别与第一支臂2122和第二支臂2123焊接固定，从而使第一钳夹230沿第一弧形孔与钳头座210滑动配合，第二钳夹240沿第二弧形孔与钳头座210滑动配合，拉杆220沿滑槽223与钳头座210滑动配合，从而通过 滑槽223与第一销轴211的滑动带动第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240相对第一销轴211滑动，当第一销轴211运动至与滑槽223的近端端部抵接或与第一配合槽233和第二配合槽243的近端端部抵接时，钳头200处于张开状态。可以理解的，在其他一些实施例中，也可以采用其他方式实现第一销轴211与座体212的固定，例如采用铆接或粘接的方式。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，拉杆220上开设有滑槽223，通过第一销轴211与滑槽223的滑动配合实现拉杆220的远端部分与钳头座210的活动配合，可以理解的，在其他一些实施例中，也可以根据需求，采用其他结构实现拉杆220的远端部分与钳头座210的活动配合。图12示出了本实施例提供的第五种钳头200的剖面结构示意图，如图12所示，拉杆220的远端设置有细长部分，第一销轴211上开设有通孔，拉杆220的细长部分穿设于通孔中，从而使拉杆220的远端部分与第一销轴211可活动地配合，并通过通孔与该细长部分的配合对拉杆220的运动进行限位。
可选地，滑槽223为贯穿扁平部222设置的孔型槽，即滑槽223轴向两端贯穿扁平部222呈敞开状，其周向呈封闭状态，因此穿设于滑槽223内的第一销轴211无法脱离滑槽223，结构的可靠性高，拉杆220仅能与第一销轴211沿滑槽223的延伸方向滑动，运动稳定。可以理解的，在其他一些实施例中，也可以根据需求设置滑槽223，例如将滑槽223设置在拉杆220的边缘处，滑槽223周向边缘贯穿扁平部222的结构，换言之，将滑槽223设置为由扁平部222的侧壁凹陷形成。
进一步地，滑槽223为条形槽。需要说明的是，在本实施例的描述中，“条形槽”即为沿直线方向延伸的槽。可选地，滑槽223沿限位孔213的轴线方向延伸，因此通过第一销轴211以及限位孔213分别对拉杆220的远端部分和近端部分的限位，使得拉杆220在拉索120的作用下沿限位孔213的轴线方向运动，此时第一预设方向和第二预设方向均为限位孔213的轴线方向，即第一预设方向和第二预设方向重合，因此，当钳头200处于张开状态时，第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240关于限位孔213的轴线方向对称设置，即运动组件居中运动。而且，由于本实施例提供的钳头200中，拉杆220的运动轨迹通过拉杆220近端部分和远端部分共同与钳头座210的配合进行限定，因此无需高精度的配合即可实现对钳头200张开时位置偏移、不固定这一问题进行改善，从而有助于降低生产成本、保证产品合格率。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，滑槽223为条形槽，可以理解的，在其他一些实施例中，也可以根据需求设置滑槽223的延伸方向，例如将滑槽223设置为弧形槽，能够通过 滑槽223与第一销轴211的配合对拉杆220的运动进行限位，保证拉杆220的运动轨迹固定即可。
请结合参照图2和图9，在本实施例中，拉杆220的远端具有抵触部227，抵触部227配置成与待取样的组织31抵触，以对进入第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240之间的组织限位，从而对进入第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240之间的组织的量进行控制，保证取样量即可满足后续的病理学研究的需求，又能尽量减少对人体30的损伤。而且通过对取样量的控制，能够防止在钳头200夹紧时部分组织从取样腔的近端伸出，从而阻碍第一杯口235和第二杯口245闭合并造成钳取时撕扯组织的问题。
进一步地，当钳头200处于张开状态时，第一杯口235的近端和第二杯口245的近端的连线形成预设直线252，即预设直线252为第一杯口235的近端的端点(该端点为第一端点236，图7中示出)与第二杯口245的近端的端点(该端点为第二端点)的连线。此时，抵触部227位于预设直线252远端的一侧或抵触部227与预设直线252重合，即在近端指向远端的方向上，抵触部227越过预设直线252，或者抵触部227刚好与预设直线252重合，以保证取样量适量。
在本实施例中，抵触部227为拉杆220远端的端面，该端面为平面，同时当钳头200处于张开状态时，该平面与预设直线252齐平，不仅能够保证取样量足量，而且将抵触部227设置为平面能够在保证抵触部227与组织的接触面积的前提下获得良好的限位效果。可以理解的，在其他一些实施例中，也可以根据需求设置抵触部227的结构，例如将抵触部227设置为位于拉杆220远端的弧面，能够在钳头200处于张开状态时，能够通过抵触部227与待取样的组织31的抵顶限制组织进入第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240之间的量，保证钳头200顺利闭合即可。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，抵触部227与预设直线252齐平，可以理解的，在其他一些实施例中，也可以将抵触部227设置为位于预设直线252远端的一侧，能够保证抵触部227不会对钳头200在张开状态和闭合之间的切换造成干涉即可。
图13为本实施例提供的钳头200处于张开状态时的剖面结构示意图。请结合参照图8和图13，在实施例中，由于拉杆220的近端部分和远端部分均与钳头座210配合，从而对拉杆220的运动进行限制，以保证拉杆220的运动轨迹固定，因此无需通过拉杆220端部与通道壁面的抵触限制拉杆220的位置，因此可尽量缩短拉杆220的长度以减小钳头200的硬端总长L，硬端总长短，则过弯性能好，从而在人体30腔道中能够通过弯曲半径更小 的腔道，从而使得钳头200能够顺利通过例如右上肺叶气管支管等人体30腔道，进而使钳头200能够到达的病理极限位置越多，促进临床活检使用范围的扩大。
具体地，连接块2121的近端开设有安装腔214，安装腔214与限位孔213的近端连通，且安装腔214的径向尺寸大于限位孔213的径向尺寸。安装腔214贯穿连接块2121的近端，即安装腔214在连接块2121的近端具有开口，以使弹簧管130的远端通过该开口伸入安装腔214内，从而将钳头座210与弹簧管130的远端固定连接。拉杆220的近端部分经过限位孔213伸入弹簧管130的内腔131中，上述的通道即为弹簧管130的内腔131。需要说明的是，在本实施例的描述中，“硬端总长”为钳头200处于闭合状态时，拉杆220的近端端面至钳夹的远端端点处的距离(如图8所示)。
进一步地，当钳头200处于张开状态时，拉杆220的近端穿设于弹簧管130的内腔131，即在拉杆220相对钳头座210活动的过程中，拉杆220的近端的端部始终处于弹簧管130的内腔131中，以避免弹簧管130与钳头座210的连接处对拉杆220的活动造成干涉，阻碍拉杆220活动并造成拉杆220活动卡顿的问题。具体地，当钳头200处于张开状态时，拉杆220的近端插入内腔131中的长度为a，0mm≤a≤1mm，可选地，a＝0.2mm、0.5mm或1mm，能够保证当钳头200处于张开状态时，拉杆220的近端位于内腔131中，且钳头200的硬端总长能够满足在人体30腔道内的过弯要求即可。进一步地，拉杆220的近端插入内腔131中的长度，0mm≤a≤0.3mm，可选地，a＝0mm、0.15mm或0.3mm。
根据本实施例提供的一种活检钳10，活检钳10的工作原理是：
图14为本实施例提供的活检钳10使用时的结构示意图。请结合参照图1-图14，本实施例提供的活检钳10，使用时，可以通过内窥镜20的钳道将活检钳10伸入人体30内部，钳头200从内窥镜20钳道的远端伸出，以通过钳头200在闭合状态和张开状态的切换钳取待取样的组织31。
具体地，当活检钳10的钳头200通过钳道伸入人体30内部时，钳头200处于闭合状态，当钳头200运动到人体30内且与待取样的组织31对应时，操作者操作手柄110从而通过拉索120推动拉杆220相对钳头座210向远端运动，第一销轴211相对滑槽223向近端滑动，同时拉杆220带动第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240向远端运动，第一销轴211相对第一配合槽233和第二配合槽243向近端滑动，从而使得第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240相对远离，钳头200从闭合状态切换至张开状态，且此时第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240相对限位孔213的轴线基本对称。然后操纵手柄110使钳头200整体向远端推进，直至抵触部 227与待取样的组织31抵触，即使拉杆220的远端端面对带取样的组织抵触限位，以保证钳取后取样的组织量。最后通过拉索120拉动拉杆220相对钳头座210向近端运动，第一销轴211相对滑槽223、第一配合槽233和第二配合槽243向远端滑动，从而使得第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240相对靠近，直至第一杯口部234与第二杯口部244相互抵紧，钳头200从张开状态切换至闭合状态，位于第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240之间的组织被钳取在第一杯口部234和第二杯口部244之间形成的取样腔中。最后将钳头200保持闭合状态，并将活检钳10取出即可。
本实施例提供的一种钳头200至少具有以下优点：
本公开的实施例提供了一种钳头200，其通过在拉杆220的远端部分开设滑槽223与钳头座210的远端部分滑动配合，从而对拉杆220远端部分的运动进行限位，同时拉杆220的近端部分与钳头座210滑动配合，以对拉杆220近端部分的运动进行限位，通过两处的同时限位保证拉杆220相对钳头座210的运动轨迹固定，进而保证了第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240的运动轨迹固定，即钳头200处于张开时第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240相对钳头座210的位置固定，有助于保证取样的准确性，从而降低取样难度、缩短手术时间。而且可以有效缩短钳头200的硬端总长，保证钳头200的过弯性能，以增加钳头200能够达到的病理极限位置数量。由于拉杆220的远端位于第一钳夹230和第二钳夹240之间，通过对拉杆220远端的位置的限定，以使拉杆220的远端能够在取样前对待取样的组织31进行限位，从而保证钳取的组织量，钳夹能够顺利闭合并避免对组织撕扯的问题。
本实施例也提供了一种活检钳10，该活检钳10包括上述的钳头200，因此也具有钳头200位置固定、取样准确、过弯性能高、能够达到的病理极限位置以及有效控制取样量的有益效果。
以上所述，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种钳头，用于活检钳，其特征在于，所述钳头包括钳头座、拉杆、第一钳夹以及第二钳夹；
    所述拉杆的近端部分沿第一预设方向可活动地与所述钳头座配合，所述拉杆的远端部分沿第二预设方向可活动地与所述钳头座配合；所述第一钳夹和所述第二钳夹均与所述拉杆转动连接；
    当所述拉杆相对所述钳头座活动时，所述第一钳夹和所述第二钳夹在所述拉杆的带动下相对所述钳头座转动，以使所述钳头在闭合状态与张开状态之间切换，同时在近端与远端的连线方向上，所述第一钳夹的第一转动轴线以及所述第二钳夹的第二转动轴线相对所述钳头座运动；
    其中，所述第一转动轴线为所述第一钳夹的至少部分相对所述钳头座转动的轴线；所述第二转动轴线为所述第二钳夹的至少部分相对所述钳头座转动的轴线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的钳头，其特征在于，所述钳头座包括座体以及安装于所述座体的第一销轴，所述第一销轴与所述拉杆的远端部分沿所述第二预设方向可活动地配合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的钳头，其特征在于，所述拉杆的远端部分设置有滑槽，所述第一销轴穿设所述滑槽，以使所述第一销轴与所述拉杆的远端部分沿所述第二预设方向可活动地配合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的钳头，其特征在于，所述滑槽为条形槽。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的钳头，其特征在于，所述第一预设方向与所述第二预设方向重合。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的钳头，其特征在于，所述滑槽为弧形槽。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的钳头，其特征在于，所述拉杆的远端部分具有抵触部，所述抵触部配置成与待取样的组织抵触，以对进入所述第一钳夹和所述第二钳夹之间的所述组织限位。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的钳头，其特征在于，所述第一钳夹的远端具有第一杯口，所述第二钳夹的远端具有第二杯口；当所述钳头处于张开状态时，所述第一杯口的近端与所述第二杯口的近端的连线为预设直线，所述抵触部位于所述预设直线远端的一侧或所述抵触部与所述预设直线重合。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的钳头，其特征在于，所述抵触部为所述拉杆远端的端面。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的钳头，其特征在于，所述端面为平面或弧面。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的钳头，其特征在于，所述钳头座具有限位孔，所述拉杆的近端部分穿设所述限位孔，且所述拉杆的近端部分与所述限位孔沿第一预设方向可活动地配合。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的钳头，其特征在于，所述钳头还包括连接于所述钳头座的外管，所述外管的内腔与所述限位孔连通；当所述钳头处于张开状态时，所述拉杆的近端穿设于所述内腔。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的钳头，其特征在于，当所述钳头处于张开状态时，所述拉杆的近端插入所述内腔中的长度为a，0mm≤a≤1mm。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的钳头，其特征在于，0mm≤a≤0.3mm。
  15. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的钳头，其特征在于，所述钳头还包括第二销轴，所述第一钳夹具有第一连接孔，所述第二钳夹具有第二连接孔，所述拉杆具有第三连接孔，所述第二销轴同时与所述第一连接孔、所述第二连接孔和所述第三连接孔配合，以使所述第一钳夹和所述第二钳夹均绕所述第二销轴的轴线与所述拉杆可转动地连接；所述第一转动轴线和所述第二转动轴线均为所述第二销轴的轴线。
  16. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的钳头，其特征在于，所述第一钳夹设置有第一配合槽，所述第一配合槽与所述钳头座滑动配合，以使在近端与远端的连线方向上，所述第一转动轴线能够相对所述钳头座运动；和/或，所述第二钳夹设置有第二配合槽，所述第二配合槽与所述钳头座滑动配合，以使在近端与远端的连线方向上，所述第二转动轴线能够相对所述钳头座运动。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的钳头，其特征在于，所述第一配合槽为弧形槽；和/或，所述第二配合槽为弧形槽。
  18. 一种活检钳，其特征在于，所述活检钳包括权利要求1-17任一项所述的钳头。
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