WO2021237789A1 - 发声器件 - Google Patents

发声器件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021237789A1
WO2021237789A1 PCT/CN2020/094698 CN2020094698W WO2021237789A1 WO 2021237789 A1 WO2021237789 A1 WO 2021237789A1 CN 2020094698 W CN2020094698 W CN 2020094698W WO 2021237789 A1 WO2021237789 A1 WO 2021237789A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
base
sounding
extension wall
rear shell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/094698
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴树文
曹成铭
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AAC Technologies Holdings Shenzhen Co Ltd
AAC Technologies Pte Ltd
Original Assignee
AAC Acoustic Technologies Shenzhen Co Ltd
AAC Technologies Pte Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AAC Acoustic Technologies Shenzhen Co Ltd, AAC Technologies Pte Ltd filed Critical AAC Acoustic Technologies Shenzhen Co Ltd
Publication of WO2021237789A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021237789A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers

Definitions

  • Sounding devices also known as speakers, are widely used in portable mobile electronic products, such as mobile phones, to convert audio signals into sound for playback.
  • the sounding devices have high loudness and amplitude.
  • the purpose of the utility model is to provide a sound device with simple structure, good acoustic performance and good user experience.
  • the housing includes a base and a rear housing respectively covering opposite sides of the sound-producing monomer along the vibration direction of the diaphragm;
  • the rear shell includes a rear shell plate located on a side of the sound emitting unit far from the base and spaced from the sound emitting unit, and a peripheral edge of the rear shell plate is directed to the base along the peripheral side of the sound emitting unit
  • a rear shell extension wall that is bent and extended in the direction of the extension wall, the side of the rear shell extension wall away from the rear shell plate protrudes toward the base to form a plurality of bumps, and each bump is inserted into one
  • a fixed seal is formed in the gap, and the base extension wall and the rear shell extension wall are fixedly connected to form a seal;
  • the protrusions are spaced apart from each other and have a rectangular shape.
  • the distance between two adjacent bumps is equal to the width of the bumps perpendicular to the vibration direction.
  • the bump and the notch are fixed by welding or glue.
  • the housing is made of metal material.
  • the shell is made of 0.15mm thick steel sheet.
  • the housing is at least partially grounded.
  • the sound emitting device further includes a conductive member, one end of the conductive member is connected to the housing, and the other end of the conductive member is used for grounding.
  • the conductive member is formed by extending the housing.
  • the sound emitting device further includes a conductive member, the conductive member includes two electrical pathways, one of the electrical pathways is used to connect the sounding monomer with an external electrical signal, and the other of the electrical pathways The road is used to connect the shell and the ground.
  • the sound emitting device further includes at least two positioning pieces, the two positioning pieces are connected to opposite sides or two diagonal corners of the casing, and the positioning piece is provided with one end away from the casing Through the positioning hole on it.
  • the positioning piece is formed by extending outward from the casing.
  • the sound-producing unit includes a basin frame, a vibration system that is respectively supported and fixed to the basin frame, and a magnetic circuit system that drives the vibration system to vibrate and produce sound, and the diaphragm is fixed to the basin frame;
  • the shell extension wall and/or the base extension wall are attached to the basin frame, or the rear shell extension wall and/or the base extension wall and at least one side of the basin frame are provided with a gap, and the gap Less than 3 times the thickness of the shell.
  • the interval is less than or equal to 1/3 of the width of the fixed surface of the diaphragm fixed to the basin frame.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the shell to the thickness of the basin frame is less than 0.4.
  • the area ratio of the orthographic projection of the sound-emitting monomer to the rear shell along the vibration direction of the diaphragm to the rear shell is at least 4/5.
  • the sound generating device further includes a front cover facing the diaphragm, the front cover, the base and the diaphragm jointly enclose the front acoustic cavity, and the front cover is provided with a vibration along the The direction penetrates the sound hole on it, and the sound hole connects the front sound cavity with the outside.
  • the base is pressed and fixed to a side of the periphery of the front cover away from the diaphragm, and the front cover passes through the sound opening and is exposed to the base.
  • the sound emitting unit further includes a basin frame, the diaphragm is fixed to the basin frame, and a part of the diaphragm fixed to the basin frame is provided with a ring protruding toward the front cover.
  • a shaped sealing boss, the front cover is pressed on the sealing boss to form a seal.
  • the sound-emitting device includes a sound-guiding shell covering a side of the sound-emitting monomer away from the rear shell, the sound-guiding shell having a sound-guiding cavity forming a side sound-emitting structure, and the sound-guiding cavity and the vibration The membrane is connected.
  • the housing and the sound-emitting monomer also enclose a sound-guiding cavity forming a side sound-emitting structure, and the sound-guiding cavity is in communication with the diaphragm.
  • the sound emitting device further includes a gas permeable isolator located in the rear acoustic cavity, and the gas permeable isolator is attached to the sound emitting monomer and separates the sound emitting unit from the rear acoustic cavity.
  • the sound emitting device further includes a gas-permeable spacer located in the rear acoustic cavity, and the gas-permeable spacer comprises a spacer body arranged opposite to the rear shell plate, and is spaced by the periphery of the spacer body.
  • the spacer extension part bent and extended in the direction of the rear shell plate and the spacer fixing part bent and extended from the end of the spacer extension part away from the spacer body; the spacer extension part and the rear shell extension
  • the walls are arranged at intervals, and the spacer fixing part is fixed to the rear shell plate; the air-permeable spacer and the rear shell plate jointly enclose a powder filling space.
  • a side of the isolator body close to the sounding unit is recessed in a direction away from the sounding unit to form an avoiding step, and the avoiding step is arranged directly opposite to the leakage portion.
  • the sound generating device of the present invention includes a housing having a housing space and a sound generating unit accommodated in the housing space.
  • the rear shell plate, the extension wall of the rear shell, the extension wall of the base and the sounding monomer jointly enclose a rear acoustic cavity.
  • the rear shell is provided with a first leakage hole to connect the rear acoustic cavity Connected to the outside world, the above-mentioned structure forms a sealed rear acoustic cavity structure, which not only has a simple structure and a small increase in overall size, but also makes the acoustic effect of the sound generating device better.
  • the sealed rear acoustic cavity structure enables the base and the rear shell to absorb vibration, thereby making After the sound device is used in a mobile terminal, the occurrence of shell vibration is avoided, so that the user experience is better; at the same time, each of the bumps is inserted into one of the gaps to form a fixed seal, and the base extends the wall It is fixedly connected with the extension wall of the rear shell to form a seal, and its structure increases the lateral holding force, further improves the bonding strength, and has better reliability.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the sound generating device of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a part of the three-dimensional structure of the sound generating device of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of another part of the three-dimensional structure of the sound device of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the sound generating device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another derivative embodiment of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of still another embodiment of the sound generating device of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is an exploded view of a part of the three-dimensional structure of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the sound-generating device shown in FIG. 4 with a gas-permeable isolator
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a derivative embodiment of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle diaphragm of the sound generating device shown in FIG. 1 provided with a sealing boss;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment in which a positioning piece is added to the sound generating device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment in which a positioning piece is added to the sound generating device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a derivative embodiment of the embodiment shown in FIG. 13.
  • the present invention provides a sound emitting device 100, which includes a housing 50 having a receiving space 40, and a sound emitting unit 30 accommodated in the receiving space 40.
  • the sound unit 30 includes a basin frame 1, a vibration system 2, and a magnetic circuit system 3.
  • the vibration system 2 and the magnetic circuit system 3 are respectively supported and fixed to the basin frame 1, and the magnetic circuit system 3 drives the vibration System 2 vibrates and produces sound.
  • the vibration system 2 and the magnetic circuit system 3 are respectively supported and fixed to the basin frame 1 and jointly enclose a sounding cavity 3a.
  • the vibration system 2 includes a diaphragm 21 fixed to the basin frame 1, and the diaphragm 21 is used for vibrating and sounding.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the shell 50 to the thickness of the basin frame 1 is less than 0.4, so that while the structural strength of the shell 50 is satisfied, the size of the sound emitting device 100 along the direction perpendicular to the vibration is increased as little as possible; While the structural strength of the basin frame 1 is guaranteed, it occupies as little space as possible.
  • the housing 50 includes a base 4 and a rear housing 5, and the base 4 and the rear housing 5 are respectively covered on opposite sides of the sound emitting unit 30 along the vibration direction of the diaphragm 21; this embodiment In an example, the base 4 and the rear shell 5 are respectively covered on opposite sides of the basin frame 1 along the vibration direction of the diaphragm 21.
  • the rear shell 5 includes a rear shell plate 51 located on the side of the basin frame 1 away from the base 4 and spaced from the basin frame 1.
  • a rear shell extension wall 52 that is bent and extended in the direction of the base extension wall 42, the side of the rear shell extension wall 52 away from the rear shell plate 51 protrudes in the direction of the base 4 to form a plurality of protrusions 53,
  • the rear shell plate 51 is provided with a first leakage hole 510 passing through it.
  • the first leakage hole 510 connects the rear acoustic cavity 10 with the outside.
  • the first leakage hole 510 is not limited to being provided in the rear shell.
  • the board 51 can also be arranged on the extension wall 52 of the rear shell according to actual needs.
  • each of the protrusions 53 is inserted into one of the gaps 43 to form a fixed seal, and the base extension wall 42 and the rear shell extension wall 52 are fixedly connected to form a seal, and its structure increases the lateral holding force , The bonding strength is further improved, and the reliability is better.
  • the accuracy of the assembly of the base and the rear shell is improved, and the production yield of the sound device is increased.
  • the bump 53 and the notch 43 are fixed by welding or glue.
  • the notches 43 and the bumps 53 are rectangular and are spaced apart from each other.
  • the structure is simple, the process efficiency is improved, and it is convenient to be fixed and sealed; of course, the bumps 53 may also be triangular, wavy, etc., It is not limited to being rectangular, and the corresponding notch 43 may also have a shape adapted to the protrusion 53 to achieve the effect of fixing and sealing.
  • the distance between two adjacent bumps 53 is equal to the width of the bumps 53 perpendicular to the vibration direction, that is, the bumps are arranged uniformly and receive a stable force, which further increases their lateral holding force.
  • the rear shell extension wall 52 and the base extension wall 42 are arranged directly opposite. Specifically, the extension direction of the rear shell extension wall 52 is parallel to the vibration direction of the diaphragm 21, and the extension direction of the base extension wall 42 is parallel to the vibration direction of the diaphragm 21.
  • the rear shell plate 51, the rear shell extension wall 52, the base extension wall 42 and the sounding monomer 30 jointly enclose the rear acoustic cavity 10, and the leakage portion 32 communicates with the rear acoustic cavity 10 so as to pass through the leakage
  • the part 32 connects the sounding cavity 3a with the rear acoustic cavity 10 to improve low-frequency acoustic performance.
  • the first leakage hole 510 connects the rear acoustic cavity 10 with the outside, and is used to balance the sound pressure. So far, the above-mentioned sound emitting device 100 of the present invention forms a closed rear acoustic cavity structure, which is simple in structure.
  • the sound emitting device 100 improves the acoustic performance of the sound emitting device 100, especially the low-frequency acoustic performance, and on the other hand, due to the existence of the rear acoustic cavity 10 structure , So that the sound generating device 100 will not cause the shell vibration phenomenon of the electronic product such as the mobile terminal after being used in the electronic product such as the mobile terminal, which effectively increases the user experience effect of the customer.
  • the base 4 and the rear shell 5 are both made of metal materials.
  • the base 4 and the rear shell 5 can also be made of plastic, ceramic, glass and other materials.
  • the base 4 and the rear shell 5 are both made of 0.15mm thick steel sheet. Compared with other materials, the base 4 and the rear shell 5 made of metal materials are thinner and stronger.
  • the shell 50 is at least partially grounded to form a shielding cover to avoid external electromagnetic interference. Reliability is better.
  • the base extension wall 42 and/or the rear shell extension wall 52 is provided with an interval a from at least one side of the basin frame 1, and the interval a is less than 3 times the thickness of the housing 50; preferably, The interval a is less than or equal to 1/3 of the width of the fixed surface of the diaphragm 21 fixed to the basin frame 1; it is used to increase the volume of the rear acoustic cavity 10 and further improve the acoustic performance.
  • the distance a between the extension wall 42 of the base and the frame 1 is less than or equal to 1/3 of the width of the fixing surface of the diaphragm 21 fixed to the frame 1, and the extension wall of the rear shell
  • the interval a between 52 and the basin frame 1 is less than or equal to 1/3 of the width of the fixing surface of the diaphragm 21 fixed to the basin frame 1 to facilitate assembly. If the gap is too large, it will cause deviation and affect the product performance.
  • the base extension wall 42 and/or the rear shell extension wall 52 can also be attached to the basin frame 1.
  • the distance a between the base extension wall 42 and the basin frame 1 is less than or equal to 0.05 mm.
  • the distance a between the rear shell extension wall 52 and the basin frame 1 is also less than or equal to 0.05 mm. mm.
  • the thickness of the base extension wall 42 and the rear shell extension wall 52 is 0.15 mm.
  • the interval a between the base extension wall 42 and the basin frame 1 and the interval a between the rear shell extension wall 52 and the basin frame 1 are both set to 0.05 mm.
  • the sound generating device 100 further includes a front cover 6 facing the diaphragm 21.
  • the front cover 6, the base 4, and the diaphragm 21 collectively enclose a front sound cavity 20, and the front cover 6 is provided with
  • the sound hole 61 penetrates the sound hole 61 along the vibration direction, and the sound hole 61 connects the front sound cavity 20 with the outside.
  • This structure improves the mid-frequency and high-frequency performance of the sound device 100.
  • the base plate 41 is pressed and fixed to a side of the periphery of the front cover 6 away from the diaphragm 21, and the front cover 6 passes through the sounding opening 410 and is exposed to the base 4.
  • the front cover 6 is not a part of the structure of the sounding device 100, but a part of the sounding unit 30.
  • the sounding unit 30 also includes a cover arranged on the side of the basin frame 1 close to the diaphragm 21 and The front cover 6 of the front acoustic cavity 10 encloses the diaphragm 21, and the front cover 6 is provided with a sound hole 61 penetrating therethrough along the vibration direction, and the sound hole 61 connects the front sound cavity 10 with Externally connected, the front cover 6 is a part of the structure of the sounding monomer 30, that is, the sounding monomer 30 has its own front cover 6.
  • the sound holes 61 include a plurality of and are arranged in an array for improving sound stability and balance.
  • the sound generating device 100 further includes a first air-permeable damping member 7 attached to the front cover 6, and the first air-permeable damping member 7 completely covers the sound hole 61 .
  • the vibration and sound produced by the diaphragm 21 pass through the sound opening 410, the sound hole 61 and the first air-permeable damping member 7 to the outside in sequence.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the sound generating device of the present invention.
  • the base 54 and the rear shell 55 are both made of metal materials, and a conductive member 501 is provided.
  • both the base 54 and the rear shell 55 are made of 0.15 mm thick steel sheet.
  • the base 54 and the rear shell 55 are made of metal materials and can be made thinner with the same structural strength, thereby further reducing the horizontal size of the sound generating device 500 along the direction of vibration.
  • the sound emitting device 500 further includes a conductive member 501, one end of the conductive member 501 is connected to the base 54 and/or the rear case 55, and the other end of the conductive member 501 is used for grounding, thereby forming
  • the shielding effect prevents the vocal unit 500 from external electromagnetic interference and has better working reliability.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another derivative embodiment of FIG.
  • the conductive member 601 is formed by extending the base 64 and/or the rear shell 65 in a direction away from the basin frame, and is located outside the base 64 and the rear shell 65.
  • FIGS. 7-8 are a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of another embodiment of the sound generating device of the present invention.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 lies in that the structure and function of the conductive member 701 in the sound emitting device 700 are different.
  • the conductive member 701 includes two electrical pathways, one of the electrical pathways is used to connect the vocal unit 702 with an external electrical signal for supplying power to the vocal unit 702, and the other is the electrical pathway It is used to connect the housing 703 and the ground to form a shield for the sound emitting unit 702.
  • the conductive member 701 is used to form a shielding effect together with the housing 703, and is also used to supply power to the sound generating unit 702, which has a simpler structure and can achieve dual functions.
  • the conductive member 701 includes a first arm 7011 sandwiched between the base extension wall 743 and the rear housing extension wall 752 in the gap 7520, which is formed by opposite ends of the first arm 7011.
  • the second arm 7012 extending in the direction of the basin frame 71
  • the third arm 7013 extending from the first arm 7011 in a direction away from the basin frame 71
  • the first arm 7011 extending in a direction away from the basin frame 71
  • the fourth arm 7014 The third arm 7013 is formed by extending the first arm 7011 perpendicular to the direction of vibration
  • the fourth arm 7014 is bent from the first arm 7011 in the direction of vibration and close to the rear shell 75. Fold and extend to form.
  • the sound-emitting device 800 includes a sound-guiding shell 801 covering the side of the sound-emitting unit 86 away from the rear shell 85.
  • the sound-guiding shell 801 has a sound-guiding cavity 820 forming a side sound-emitting structure 830.
  • the sound-guiding cavity 820 is in communication with the diaphragm 821.
  • the side sound structure 830 can better guide the sound, which is convenient for use when the front sound is blocked, and the use flexibility is higher.
  • the sound conducting shell 801 is located on the side of the base 84 away from the rear shell 85.
  • the sound conducting shell 801 includes a sound conducting shell plate 8011 spaced apart and opposed to the base plate 841, and the sound conducting shell plate 8011 is bent and extended toward the base extension wall 842 and supported and fixed to the base plate 841.
  • the sound conducting shell on the periphery of the base plate 841 extends the wall 8012 to form a side sounding structure, which is convenient for flexible use of different installation positions.
  • the sound conducting shell 801 is a component of the sound emitting device 800, and does not belong to the housing 845.
  • the sound emitting device 900 further includes a gas-permeable isolator 907 located in the rear acoustic cavity 9010, and the gas-permeable isolator 907 is attached to the sound monomer 908 and the sound monomer 908 Separate from the rear acoustic cavity 9010.
  • the air-permeable spacer 907 includes a spacer body 9071 arranged opposite to the rear shell plate 9011, and a spacer extending from the periphery of the spacer body 9071 to the direction of the rear shell plate 9011.
  • the spacer 9072 and the spacer fixing part 9073 bent and extended from one end of the spacer extension 9072 away from the spacer body 9071.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a derivative embodiment of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10.
  • the side of the isolator body 9071a close to the sounding unit 902a is recessed in a direction away from the sounding unit 902a to form an avoiding step 9074a, and the avoiding step 9074a is directly opposite to the leakage portion 9024a. Pair set.
  • This structural arrangement can make the leakage of the sounding cavity 9104a of the sounding monomer 902a smoother, thereby improving the sounding performance.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a derivative embodiment of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
  • the sound generating device 1000a also has at least two positioning pieces 8a which are respectively connected to the housing 1001a.
  • One end of the positioning piece 8a away from the housing 1001a is provided with a positioning hole 81a penetrating through it, which is used to fix and position the sound emitting device 1000a with the application terminal, such as a threaded hole.
  • the positioning can be passed through the use of screws
  • the hole 81a is fixed on the terminal device, which is simple and convenient, and the positioning piece 8a is provided with at least two positioning pieces to form a positioning fixation more effectively.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a derivative embodiment of the embodiment shown in FIG. 13.
  • the difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is that in the sound generating device 1100a in this embodiment, the positioning piece 1118a is formed by extending outward from the housing 1111a, that is, the positioning piece 1118a and the housing 1111a are integrally formed
  • the structure is simple to form, reduces the number of components, and improves assembly efficiency.
  • the sound generating device of the present invention includes a housing having a housing space and a sound generating unit accommodated in the housing space.
  • the rear shell plate, the extension wall of the rear shell, the extension wall of the base and the sounding monomer jointly enclose a rear acoustic cavity.
  • the rear shell is provided with a first leakage hole to connect the rear acoustic cavity Connected with the outside world, the above-mentioned structure forms a sealed rear acoustic cavity structure, which not only has a simple structure and a small increase in overall size, but also makes the acoustic effect of the sound generating device better.
  • the closed rear acoustic cavity structure enables the base and the rear shell to absorb vibration, thereby making After the sound device is used in a mobile terminal, the occurrence of shell vibration is avoided, so that the user experience is better; at the same time, each of the bumps is inserted into one of the gaps to form a fixed seal, and the base extends the wall It is fixedly connected with the extension wall of the rear shell to form a seal, and its structure increases the lateral holding force, further improves the bonding strength, and has better reliability.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Telephone Set Structure (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本实用新型提供了一种发声器件，其包括具有收容空间的壳体以及收容于收容空间的发声单体，发声单体包括振膜，壳体包括底座和后壳，底座包括底座板、由底座板弯折延伸的底座延伸壁以及由底座延伸壁凹陷形成的缺口；后壳包括后壳板、由后壳板弯折延伸的后壳延伸壁以及由后壳延伸壁凸出形成的凸块，每一凸块分别插入一个缺口形成固定密封，且使得底座延伸壁和后壳延伸壁固定密封，底座设有发声口，发声口与振膜连通；后壳板、后壳延伸壁、底座延伸壁以及发声单体共同围成后声腔；后壳设有第一泄漏孔，第一泄漏孔将后声腔与外界连通。与相关技术相比，本实用新型的发声器件结构简单、声学性能优、用户体验效果好。

Description

发声器件 技术领域
本实用新型涉及电声转换领域，尤其涉及一种运用于便携式移动电子产品的发声器件。
 背景技术
发声器件又名扬声器，广泛运用于便携式移动电子产品中，比如手机，实现将音频信号转化为声音播放，发声器件响度大，振幅度。
相关技术的发声器件包括盆架、分别固定于所述盆架的振动系统和具有磁间隙的磁路系统，所述磁路系统驱动所述振动系统振动发声，所述振动系统包括固定于所述盆架的振膜以及固定于所述振膜并插设于所述磁间隙以驱动所述振膜振动发声的音圈。
 技术问题
然而，相关技术的发声器件因不具有后腔结构或后腔为开放式结构，其运用在手机等便携式移动电子产品中时会引起手机壳振的问题，造成用户体验效果不好；而手机空间尺寸有限，发声器件不能设计成现有技术中的带后腔的扬声器箱结构以克服该问题。
因此，实有必要提供一种新的发声器件解决上述技术问题。
 技术解决方案
本实用新型的目的在于提供一种结构简单、声学性能好、用户体验效果好的发声器件。
为了达到上述目的，本实用新型提供了一种发声器件，其包括具有收容空间的壳体以及收容于所述收容空间的发声单体，所述发声单体包括用于振动发声的振膜，
所述壳体包括沿所述振膜的振动方向分别盖设于所述发声单体相对两侧的底座和后壳；
所述底座包括贴合固定于所述发声单体远离所述后壳一侧的底座板以及由所述底座板的外周缘沿所述发声单体周侧向所述后壳方向弯折延伸的底座延伸壁，所述底座延伸壁远离所述底座板的一端向所述底座板方向凹陷形成多个缺口；
所述后壳包括位于所述发声单体远离所述底座一侧且与所述发声单体间隔的后壳板、由所述后壳板的周缘沿所述发声单体周侧向所述底座延伸壁方向弯折延伸的后壳延伸壁，所述后壳延伸壁远离所述后壳板的一侧向所述底座方向凸出形成多个凸块，每一所述凸块分别插入于一个所述缺口内并形成固定密封，且使得所述底座延伸壁和所述后壳延伸壁固定相连形成密封；
所述底座设有贯穿其上的发声口，所述发声口与所述振膜连通；所述后壳板、所述后壳延伸壁、所述底座延伸壁以及所述发声单体共同围成后声腔，所述发声单体设有与所述后声腔连通的泄露部，所述后壳设有贯穿其上的第一泄漏孔，所述第一泄漏孔将所述后声腔与外界连通。
优选的，所述凸块相互间隔设置且呈矩形。
优选的，相邻两个所述凸块的间距等于所述凸块沿垂直于所述振动方向的宽度。
优选的，所述凸块和所述缺口通过焊接或打胶固定。
优选的，所述壳体为金属材料制成。
优选的，所述壳体由0.15mm厚的钢片制成。
优选的，所述壳体至少部分接地。
优选的，所述发声器件还包括导电件，所述导电件的一端连接于所述壳体，所述导电件的另一端用于接地。
优选的，所述导电件由所述壳体延伸形成。
优选的，所述发声器件还包括导电件，所述导电件包括两条电性通路，其中一条所述电性通路用于连接所述发声单体与外部电信号，另一条所述电性通道路用于连接所述壳体与地。
优选的，所述发声器件还包括至少两个定位片，两个所述定位片连接于所述壳体的相对两侧或两对角处，所述定位片远离所述壳体的一端设有贯穿其上的定位孔。
优选的，所述定位片由所述壳体向外延伸形成。
优选的，所述发声单体包括盆架、分别支撑固定于所述盆架的振动系统和驱动所述振动系统振动发声的磁路系统，所述振膜固定于所述盆架；所述后壳延伸壁和/或所述底座延伸壁贴合于所述盆架，或所述后壳延伸壁和/或所述底座延伸壁与所述盆架的至少一侧设有间隔，且该间隔小于3倍所述壳体的厚度。
优选的，所述间隔小于或等于所述振膜固定于所述盆架的固定面的宽度的1/3。
优选的，所述壳体的厚度与所述盆架的厚度比值小于0.4。
优选的，所述发声单体沿所述振膜的振动方向向所述后壳的正投影与所述后壳的面积比至少为4/5。
优选的，所述发声器件还包括正对所述振膜的前盖，所述前盖、所述底座以及所述振膜共同围成所述前声腔，所述前盖设有沿所述振动方向贯穿其上的声孔，所述声孔将所述前声腔与所述外界连接。
优选的，所述底座压设固定于所述前盖的周缘远离所述振膜的一侧，所述前盖穿过所述发声口并外露于所述底座。
优选的，所述发声器件还包括贴设于所述前盖的第一透气阻尼件，所述第一透气阻尼件完全覆盖所述声孔。
优选的，所述发声单体还包括盆架，所述振膜固定于所述盆架，所述振膜固定于所述盆架的部分设有向靠近所述前盖方向凸出的呈环状的密封凸台，所述前盖压设于所述密封凸台形成密封。
优选的，所述发声器件包括盖设于所述发声单体远离所述后壳一侧的导声壳，所述导声壳具有形成侧发声结构的导声腔，所述导声腔与所述振膜连通。
优选的，所述壳体与所述发声单体还围成形成侧发声结构的导声腔，所述导声腔与所述振膜连通。
优选的，所述发声器件还包括位于所述后声腔内的透气隔离件，所述透气隔离件贴设于所述发声单体并将所述发声单体从所述后声腔内分隔。
优选的，所述发声器件还包括位于所述后声腔内的透气隔离件，所述透气隔离件包括与所述后壳板间隔相对设置的隔离件本体、由所述隔离件本体的周缘向所述后壳板方向弯折延伸的隔离件延伸部以及由所述隔离件延伸部远离所述隔离件本体的一端弯折延伸的隔离件固定部；所述隔离件延伸部与所述后壳延伸壁间隔设置，所述隔离件固定部固定于所述后壳板；所述透气隔离件与所述后壳板共同围成灌粉空间。
优选的，所述隔离件本体靠近所述发声单体的一侧向远离所述发声单体方向凹陷形成避让台阶，所述避让台阶与所述泄露部正对设置。
 有益效果
与相关技术相比，本实用新型的发声器件中，其包括具有收容空间的壳体以及收容于所述收容空间的发声单体，通过将壳体设计成底座和后壳分别盖设于所述发声单体的相对两侧，所述后壳板、所述后壳延伸壁、所述底座延伸壁以及所述发声单体共同围成后声腔，后壳设置第一泄漏孔将所述后声腔与外界连通，上述结构形成了密闭的后声腔结构，不仅结构简单、整体尺寸增加小，且使得发声器件的声学效果更优，而且密闭的后声腔结构使得底座和后壳可用于吸振，从而使得该发声器件运用于移动终端后避免了壳振现象的产生，使得用户体验效果更好；同时每一所述凸块分别插入于一个所述缺口内并形成固定密封，且使得所述底座延伸壁和所述后壳延伸壁固定相连形成密封，其结构增加了横向抱紧力，进一步提高结合强度，可靠性更好。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本实用新型实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本实用新型的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图，其中：
图1为本实用新型发声器件的立体结构示意图；
图2为本实用新型发声器件的部分立体结构分解示意图；
图3为本实用新型发声器件的另一部分立体结构分解示意图；
图4为沿图1中A-A线的剖示图；
图5为本实用新型发声器件的另一实施方式的剖示图；
图6为图5的另一种衍生实施方式的剖示图；
图7为本实用新型发声器件的再一实施方式的立体结构示意图；
图8为图7的部分立体结构分解图；
图9为图4的另一种实施方式的剖示图；
图10为图4的所示发声器件增加透气隔离件的结构示意图；
图11为图10所示实施方式的衍生实施方式结构示意图；
图12为图1所示发声器件的中振膜设置密封凸台的结构示意图；
图13为图1所示发声器件增加定位片的实施方式结构示意图；
图14为图13所示实施方式的衍生实施方式结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本实用新型实施例中的附图，对本实用新型实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本实用新型的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本实用新型保护的范围。
请同时参阅图1-4，本实用新型提供了一种发声器件100，其包括具有收容空间40的壳体50，收容于所述收容空间40的发声单体30。
发声单体30包括盆架1、振动系统2、磁路系统3，所述振动系统2和所述磁路系统3分别支撑固定于所述盆架1，所述磁路系统3驱动所述振动系统2振动发声。所述振动系统2和所述磁路系统3分别支撑固定于所述盆架1并共同围成发声内腔3a。
所述振动系统2包括固定于所述盆架1的振膜21，振膜21用于振动发声。
所述磁路系统3包括由其远离所述振膜21一侧凹陷形成凹槽31、贯穿所述凹槽31的泄露部32以及贴设于所述凹槽31内并完全覆盖所述泄露部32的第二透气阻尼件33，用以平衡气压。
具体的，所述磁路系统3呈矩形，所述凹槽31、所述泄露部32和所述第二透气阻尼件33均包括四个且一一对应，四个所述凹槽31分别设置于所述磁路系统3的四个直角处。
所述壳体50的厚度与所述盆架1的厚度比值小于0.4，从而在满足壳体50的结构强度的同时，尽可能小的增加发声器件100沿垂直于振动方向的尺寸；而且也使得盆架1的结构强度得到保障的同时尽可能少的占用空间体积。具体的，壳体50包括底座4和后壳5，所述底座4和所述后壳5沿所述振膜21的振动方向分别盖设于所述发声单体30的相对两侧；本实施例中，所述底座4和所述后壳5沿所述振膜21的振动方向分别盖设于盆架1的相对两侧。
所述底座4包括贴设固定于所述盆架1远离所述后壳5一侧的底座板41、由所述底座板41的外周缘沿所述盆架1周侧向所述后壳5方向弯折延伸的底座延伸壁42，所述底座延伸壁42远离所述底座板41的一端向所述底座板41方向凹陷形成多个缺口43，所述底座板41设有贯穿其上的发声口410，发声口410与振膜21连通，所述振膜21正对所述发声口410设置；当然所述发声口410也不限于设置在所述底座板41上，也可以根据实际需要设置在所述底座延伸壁42上。
所述后壳5包括位于所述盆架1远离所述底座4一侧且与所述盆架1间隔的后壳板51、由所述后壳板51的周缘沿所述盆架1周侧向所述底座延伸壁42方向弯折延伸的后壳延伸壁52，所述后壳延伸壁52远离所述后壳板51的一侧向所述底座4方向凸出形成多个凸块53，所述后壳板51设有贯穿其上的第一泄漏孔510，第一泄漏孔510将所述后声腔10与外界连通，当然所述第一泄漏孔510并不限于设置在所述后壳板51上，也可以根据实际需要设置在后壳延伸壁52上。
所述发声单体30沿所述振膜21的振动方向向所述后壳5的正投影与所述后壳5的面积比至少为4/5。该结构可使得发声器件100在其垂直于振动方向的尺寸尽可能小，满足形成后声腔10实现吸振、提高低频声学性能的同时，更便于安装于装配空间横向尺寸小的产品。
每一所述凸块53分别插入于一个所述缺口43内并形成固定密封，且使得所述底座延伸壁42和所述后壳延伸壁52固定相连形成密封，其结构增加了横向抱紧力，进一步提高结合强度，可靠性更好，此外由于凸块与缺口的配合，提高了底座与后壳装配的精度，增加了发声器件生产的良率。优选的，所述凸块53和所述缺口43通过焊接或打胶固定。优选的，所述缺口43和所述凸块53均呈矩形且均相互间隔设置，其结构简单，工艺效率提高，且便于固定密封；当然所述凸块53也可以呈三角形、波浪形等，并不限于呈矩形，对应的缺口43也可以与凸块53相适应的形状以实现固定密封的效果。
具体的，相邻两个所述凸块53的间距等于所述凸块53沿垂直于所述振动方向的宽度，即凸块排布均匀，受力稳定，进一步增加其横向抱紧力。本实施方式中，所述后壳延伸壁52和所述底座延伸壁42正对设置。具体的，所述后壳延伸壁52的延伸方向平行于振膜21的振动方向，底座延伸壁42的延伸方向平行于振膜21的振动方向。
本实施例中，所述后壳板51、后壳延伸壁52、底座延伸壁42及发声单体30共同围成后声腔10，泄露部32与所述后声腔10连通，从而通过所述泄露部32将所述发声内腔3a与所述后声腔10连通，用以改善低频声学性能。所述第一泄漏孔510将所述后声腔10与外界连通，用于平衡声压。至此，本实用新型的上述发声器件100则形成了封闭的后声腔结构，其结构简单，一方面改善了发声器件100的声学性能，特别是低频声学性能，另一方面因后声腔10结构的存在，使得所述发声器件100运用于移动终端等电子产品中后不会使移动终端等电子产品产生壳振现象，有效增加了客户的用户体验效果。
本实施方式中，所述底座4和所述后壳5均为金属材料制成，当然所述底座4和所述后壳5还可以由塑料、陶瓷、玻璃等材料制成。具体的，所述底座4和所述后壳5均用0.15mm厚的钢片制成。相较于其他材料，金属材料制得的所述底座4和所述后壳5更薄且强度更大，此时所述壳体50至少部分接地以形成屏蔽罩，避免受外界电磁干扰，工作可靠性更好。
所述底座延伸壁42和/或所述后壳延伸壁52与所述盆架1的至少一侧设有间隔a，且该间隔a小于3倍所述壳体50的厚度；优选的，所述间隔a小于或等于所述振膜21固定于所述盆架1的固定面的宽度的1/3；用以增加所述后声腔10的体积，进一步改善声学性能。具体的，所述底座延伸壁42至所述盆架1间的间隔a小于或等于所述振膜21固定于所述盆1架的固定面的宽度的1/3，所述后壳延伸壁52至所述盆架1间的间隔a小于或等于所述振膜21固定于所述盆1架的固定面的宽度的1/3以方便装配，若间隙过大会导致偏位，影响产品的性能。当然，所述底座延伸壁42和/或所述后壳延伸壁52也可以贴合于所述盆架1。
比如，所述底座延伸壁42与所述盆架1间的间隔a小于或等于0.05mm，同理，所述后壳延伸壁52与所述盆架1之间的间隔a也小于或等于0.05mm。所述底座延伸壁42、所述后壳延伸壁52的厚度为0.15mm。本实施方式中，所述底座延伸壁42与所述盆架1之间的间隔a和所述后壳延伸壁52与所述盆架1之间间隔a均设为0.05mm。该结构设置后，在保证结构稳定性的情况下，所述发声器件100的单侧增加尺寸相对最小，不影响期运用于便携式移动终端电子产品内。
本实施例中，所述发声器件100还包括正对所述振膜21的前盖6，前盖6、底座4以及所述振膜21共同围成前声腔20，所述前盖6设有沿所述振动方向贯穿其上的声孔61，所述声孔61将所述前声腔20与外界连接，该结构设置改善了发声器件100的中频高频性能。所述底座板41压设固定于所述前盖6的周缘远离所述振膜21的一侧，所述前盖6穿过所述发声口410并外露于所述底座4。或者，前盖6不是发声器件100的一部分结构，而是发声单体30的一个部件，比如，所述发声单体30还包括盖设于所述盆架1靠近所述振膜21一侧并与所述振膜21围成所述前声腔10的前盖6，所述前盖6设有沿所述振动方向贯穿其上的声孔61，所述声孔61将所述前声腔10与外界连接，所述前盖6属于发声单体30的一部分结构，即发声单体30自带前盖6。
所述声孔61包括多个且呈阵列排布，用于改善发声稳定性和平衡性。
为了进一步改善发声器件100的中频高频性能，所述发声器件100还包括贴设于所述前盖6的第一透气阻尼件7，所述第一透气阻尼件7完全覆盖所述声孔61。所述振膜21振动发声依次穿过发声口410、声孔61以及第一透气阻尼件7传至外界。
因振膜21固定于盆架1的部分（即胶合面）的面积较小，宽度较窄，其实现密封时的可靠性差。因此，本实施方式中，请结合图12所示，在所述发声器件100中，所述振膜21固定于所述盆架1的部分设有向靠近所述前盖6方向凸出的呈环状的密封凸台211，装配时，所述前盖6压设于所述密封凸台211并通过压缩所述密封凸台211形成密封，密封可靠性更优。
请结合图5所示，为本实用新型发声器件的另一实施方式的剖示图。该实施方式中主要的区别点在于，所述底座54和所述后壳55均为金属材料制成，并设置导电件501。比如，所述底座54和所述后壳55均用0.15mm厚的钢片制成。所述底座54和所述后壳55通过金属材料制成可在同样结构强度的情况下，做到更薄，从而进一步减小发声器件500的沿垂直于振动方向的水平尺寸。
具体的，所述发声器件500还包括导电件501，所述导电件501的一端连接于所述底座54和/或所述后壳55，所述导电件501的另一端用于接地，从而形成屏蔽作用，使得发声单体500避免受外界电磁干扰，工作可靠性更好。
请结合图6，为图5的另一种衍生实施方式的剖示图，在所述发声器件600中，即所述导电件601与底座64和/或后壳65为一体结构，比如，所述导电件601由所述底座64和/或所述后壳65向远离所述盆架的方向延伸形成，位于底座64和后壳65的外侧。
请结合图7-8所示，为本实用新型发声器件的再一实施方式的立体结构示意图。该实施方式与图5所示的实施方式区别在于，在发声器件700中，导电件701的结构和功能不同。所述导电件701包括两条电性通路，其中一条所述电性通路用于连接所述发声单体702与外部电信号，用于为发声单体702供电，另一条所述电性通道路用于连接所述壳体703与地，形成对发声单体702的屏蔽。本实施例中，导电件701则即用于与壳体703共同形成屏蔽作用，而且还用于为发声单体702供电，结构更简单且能实现双重功能。
具体的，所述导电件701包括夹设于所述底座延伸壁743与所述后壳延伸壁752之间的间隙7520的第一臂7011、由所述第一臂7011的相对两端向所述盆架71方向延伸的第二臂7012、由所述第一臂7011向远离所述盆架71方向延伸的第三臂7013以及由所述第一臂7011向远离所述盆架71方向延伸的第四臂7014。所述第三臂7013由所述第一臂7011向垂直于所述振动方向延伸形成，所述第四臂7014由所述第一臂7011向所述振动方向且靠近所述后壳75方向弯折延伸形成。
所述第一臂7011与所述底座74和/或所述后壳75电连接，即与所述底座延伸壁743和/或所述后壳延伸壁752电连接；所述第二臂7012固定于所述盆架71并与所述发声单体702电连接；所述第三臂7013用于连接外部电信号；所述第四臂7014用于接地。
图9为图4的另一种实施方式的剖示图。其主要区别在于将发声器件800由正面发声形成侧面发声结构。
所述发声器件800包括盖设于所述发声单体86远离所述后壳85一侧的导声壳801，所述导声壳801具有形成侧发声结构830的导声腔820，所述导声腔820与所述振膜821连通。该侧发声结构830可更好的引导发声，便于正面发声被挡的情况下使用，使用灵活性更高。具体的，导声壳801位于底座84远离后壳85的一侧。具体的，所述导声壳801包括与所述底座板841间隔相对的导声壳板8011以及由所述导声壳板8011的周缘向所述底座延伸壁842弯折延伸并支撑固定于所述底座板841周缘的导声壳延伸壁8012，从而形成侧发声结构，便于安装位置不同的灵活运用。此时，理解为导声壳801为发声器件800的一个器件，而不属于壳体845。
当将导声壳801理解为壳体845的一部分，这也是可行的，即所述导声壳801可以是壳体845的一部分，此时，则为所述壳体845与所述发声单体86还围成形成侧发声结构830的导声腔820，所述导声腔820与所述振膜821连通。
请结合图10所示，所述发声器件900还包括位于所述后声腔9010内的透气隔离件907，所述透气隔离件907贴设于所述发声单体908并将所述发声单体908从所述后声腔9010内分隔。具体的，所述透气隔离件907包括与所述后壳板9011间隔相对设置的隔离件本体9071、由所述隔离件本体9071的周缘向所述后壳板9011方向弯折延伸的隔离件延伸部9072以及由所述隔离件延伸部9072远离所述隔离件本体9071的一端弯折延伸的隔离件固定部9073。
所述隔离件延伸部9072与所述后壳延伸壁9012间隔设置，所述隔离件固定部9073固定于所述后壳板9011；所述透气隔离件907与所述后壳板9011共同围成灌粉空间901。其中，所述隔离件延伸部9072与所述后壳延伸壁9012间隔设置的结构可有效增加后声腔9010的通气顺畅性，提高低频发声性能的稳定性。
请结合图11所示，为图10所示实施方式的衍生实施方式结构示意图。所述发声器件900a中，所述隔离件本体9071a靠近所述发声单体902a的一侧向远离所述发声单体902a方向凹陷形成避让台阶9074a，所述避让台阶9074a与所述泄露部9024a正对设置。该结构设置可使发声单体902a的发声内腔9104a的泄露更顺畅，从而改善发声性能。
请结合图13所示，为图1所示实施方式的衍生实施方式结构示意图。所述发声器件1000a还至少两个定位片8a并分别与壳体1001a连接。所述定位片8a远离所述壳体1001a的一端设有贯穿其上的定位孔81a，用于将发声器件1000a与运用终端整机固定定位，比如为螺纹孔，使用螺钉则可通过所述定位孔81a固定在终端整机，简单方便，而定位片8a设置至少两个可更有效的形成定位固定。为了进一步提高固定稳定性，两个所述定位片8a连接于所述壳体1001a的相对两侧或两对角处，对称设置使发声器件1000a与终端整机定位固定效果更优。本实施方式中，定位片8a通过焊接固定于壳体1001a，即定位片8a与壳体1001a为两个器件的分体结构。
请结合图14所示，为图13所示实施方式的衍生实施方式结构示意图。其与图13所示实施方式的区别在于，本实施方式中的发声器件1100a中，所述定位片1118a中由所述壳体1111a向外延伸形成，即定位片1118a与壳体1111a为一体成型结构，成型简单，减少器件数量，提高装配效率。
与相关技术相比，本实用新型的发声器件中，其包括具有收容空间的壳体以及收容于所述收容空间的发声单体，通过将壳体设计成底座和后壳分别盖设于所述发声单体的相对两侧，所述后壳板、所述后壳延伸壁、所述底座延伸壁以及所述发声单体共同围成后声腔，后壳设置第一泄漏孔将所述后声腔与外界连通，上述结构形成了密闭的后声腔结构，不仅结构简单、整体尺寸增加小，且使得发声器件的声学效果更优，而且密闭的后声腔结构使得底座和后壳可用于吸振，从而使得该发声器件运用于移动终端后避免了壳振现象的产生，使得用户体验效果更好；同时每一所述凸块分别插入于一个所述缺口内并形成固定密封，且使得所述底座延伸壁和所述后壳延伸壁固定相连形成密封，其结构增加了横向抱紧力，进一步提高结合强度，可靠性更好。
以上所述的仅是本实用新型的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本实用新型创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本实用新型的保护范围。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种发声器件，其包括具有收容空间的壳体以及收容于所述收容空间的发声单体，所述发声单体包括用于振动发声的振膜，其特征在于，
    所述壳体包括沿所述振膜的振动方向分别盖设于所述发声单体相对两侧的底座和后壳；
    所述底座包括贴合固定于所述发声单体远离所述后壳一侧的底座板以及由所述底座板的外周缘沿所述发声单体周侧向所述后壳方向弯折延伸的底座延伸壁，所述底座延伸壁远离所述底座板的一端向所述底座板方向凹陷形成多个缺口；
    所述后壳包括位于所述发声单体远离所述底座一侧且与所述发声单体间隔的后壳板、由所述后壳板的周缘沿所述发声单体周侧向所述底座延伸壁方向弯折延伸的后壳延伸壁，所述后壳延伸壁远离所述后壳板的一侧向所述底座方向凸出形成多个凸块，每一所述凸块分别插入于一个所述缺口内并形成固定密封，且使得所述底座延伸壁和所述后壳延伸壁固定相连形成密封；
    所述底座设有贯穿其上的发声口，所述发声口与所述振膜连通；所述后壳板、所述后壳延伸壁、所述底座延伸壁以及所述发声单体共同围成后声腔，所述发声单体设有与所述后声腔连通的泄露部，所述后壳设有贯穿其上的第一泄漏孔，所述第一泄漏孔将所述后声腔与外界连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述凸块相互间隔设置且呈矩形。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的发声器件，其特征在于，相邻两个所述凸块的间距等于所述凸块沿垂直于所述振动方向的宽度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述凸块和所述缺口通过焊接或打胶固定。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述壳体为金属材料制成。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述壳体由0.15mm厚的钢片制成。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述壳体至少部分接地。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述发声器件还包括导电件，所述导电件的一端连接于所述壳体，所述导电件的另一端用于接地。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述导电件由所述壳体延伸形成。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述发声器件还包括导电件，所述导电件包括两条电性通路，其中一条所述电性通路用于连接所述发声单体与外部电信号，另一条所述电性通道路用于连接所述壳体与地。
  11. 根据权利要求5所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述发声器件还包括至少两个定位片，两个所述定位片连接于所述壳体的相对两侧或两对角处，所述定位片远离所述壳体的一端设有贯穿其上的定位孔。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述定位片由所述壳体向外延伸形成。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述发声单体包括盆架、分别支撑固定于所述盆架的振动系统和驱动所述振动系统振动发声的磁路系统，所述振膜固定于所述盆架；所述后壳延伸壁和/或所述底座延伸壁贴合于所述盆架，或所述后壳延伸壁和/或所述底座延伸壁与所述盆架的至少一侧设有间隔，且该间隔小于3倍所述壳体的厚度。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述间隔小于或等于所述振膜固定于所述盆架的固定面的宽度的1/3。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述壳体的厚度与所述盆架的厚度比值小于0.4。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述发声单体沿所述振膜的振动方向向所述后壳的正投影与所述后壳的面积比至少为4/5。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述发声器件还包括正对所述振膜的前盖，所述前盖、所述底座以及所述振膜共同围成前声腔，所述前盖设有沿所述振动方向贯穿其上的声孔，所述声孔将所述前声腔与所述外界连接。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述底座压设固定于所述前盖的周缘远离所述振膜的一侧，所述前盖穿过所述发声口并外露于所述底座。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述发声器件还包括贴设于所述前盖的第一透气阻尼件，所述第一透气阻尼件完全覆盖所述声孔。
  20. 根据权利要求17或18所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述发声单体还包括盆架，所述振膜固定于所述盆架，所述振膜固定于所述盆架的部分设有向靠近所述前盖方向凸出的呈环状的密封凸台，所述前盖压设于所述密封凸台形成密封。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述发声器件包括盖设于所述发声单体远离所述后壳一侧的导声壳，所述导声壳具有形成侧发声结构的导声腔，所述导声腔与所述振膜连通。
  22. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述壳体与所述发声单体还围成形成侧发声结构的导声腔，所述导声腔与所述振膜连通。
  23. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述发声器件还包括位于所述后声腔内的透气隔离件，所述透气隔离件贴设于所述发声单体并将所述发声单体从所述后声腔内分隔。
  24. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述发声器件还包括位于所述后声腔内的透气隔离件，所述透气隔离件包括与所述后壳板间隔相对设置的隔离件本体、由所述隔离件本体的周缘向所述后壳板方向弯折延伸的隔离件延伸部以及由所述隔离件延伸部远离所述隔离件本体的一端弯折延伸的隔离件固定部；所述隔离件延伸部与所述后壳延伸壁间隔设置，所述隔离件固定部固定于所述后壳板；所述透气隔离件与所述后壳板共同围成灌粉空间。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述隔离件本体靠近所述发声单体的一侧向远离所述发声单体方向凹陷形成避让台阶，所述避让台阶与所述泄露部正对设置。
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