WO2021237776A1 - 纽扣电池 - Google Patents

纽扣电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021237776A1
WO2021237776A1 PCT/CN2020/094498 CN2020094498W WO2021237776A1 WO 2021237776 A1 WO2021237776 A1 WO 2021237776A1 CN 2020094498 W CN2020094498 W CN 2020094498W WO 2021237776 A1 WO2021237776 A1 WO 2021237776A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
negative electrode
positive electrode
positive
negative
electrically connected
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/094498
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张健
何家勇
徐斌
Original Assignee
瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司
瑞声科技（南京）有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司, 瑞声科技（南京）有限公司 filed Critical 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司
Publication of WO2021237776A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021237776A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/109—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure of button or coin shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a button battery.
  • Button batteries are also called button batteries. Because of their small size, they are widely used in various electronic products, such as electronic watches, electronic scales, electric toys, counters, cameras, and so on.
  • the existing button battery mainly includes a casing and a battery body arranged inside the casing and used for generating electrochemical effects.
  • the button battery has abnormal conditions such as short-circuiting of the positive and negative electrodes, the temperature will rise sharply, and the gas generated by the battery body will cause The pressure inside the shell increases, and when the pressure inside the shell rises to the maximum pressure that the shell can withstand, an explosion will occur, which is very dangerous.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a button battery to solve the technical problem that the existing button battery is easy to explode under abnormal conditions.
  • a button battery including:
  • a housing with a accommodating cavity, and a through hole is provided on the housing;
  • the battery body is located in the accommodating cavity;
  • An explosion-proof component at least part of the structure is arranged in the accommodating cavity, the explosion-proof component seals the through hole and electrically connects the casing and the battery body, and the explosion-proof component is used to communicate with the battery at a preset temperature.
  • the through hole is connected to the accommodating cavity and disconnects the electrical connection between the casing and the battery body.
  • At least a part of the structure of the explosion-proof component melts at the preset temperature.
  • the preset temperature is 55°C-150°C.
  • the button battery further includes an electrical connection member located in the accommodating cavity, and the explosion-proof member is disposed between the housing and the electrical connection member.
  • the housing includes a positive electrode case, a negative electrode case, and an insulator, and the insulator is used to insulate the positive electrode case and the negative electrode case;
  • the battery body includes a body, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, and both the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrically connected to the body;
  • the electrical connector includes a positive electrode connector and a negative electrode connector, the positive electrode connector is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and the negative electrode connector is electrically connected to the negative electrode;
  • the through hole is provided on the positive electrode shell, the explosion-proof member is electrically connected to the positive electrode connecting piece and the positive electrode shell, and the negative electrode connecting piece is electrically connected to the negative electrode shell.
  • the housing includes a positive electrode case, a negative electrode case, and an insulator, and the insulator is used to insulate the positive electrode case and the negative electrode case;
  • the battery body includes a body, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, and both the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrically connected to the body;
  • the electrical connector includes a positive electrode connector and a negative electrode connector, the positive electrode connector is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and the negative electrode connector is electrically connected to the negative electrode;
  • the through hole is provided on the negative electrode shell, the explosion-proof element is electrically connected to the negative electrode connecting piece and the negative electrode shell, and the positive electrode connecting piece is electrically connected to the positive electrode shell.
  • the housing includes a positive electrode case, a negative electrode case, and an insulator, and the insulator is used to insulate the positive electrode case and the negative electrode case;
  • the battery body includes a body, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, and both the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrically connected to the body;
  • the electrical connector includes a positive electrode connector and a negative electrode connector, the positive electrode connector is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and the negative electrode connector is electrically connected to the negative electrode;
  • Both the positive electrode shell and the negative electrode shell are provided with the through holes, the positive electrode connector and the positive electrode shell are electrically connected through the explosion-proof part, and the negative electrode connector and the negative electrode shell are electrically connected through the explosion-proof part. Pieces are electrically connected.
  • the housing includes a positive electrode case, a negative electrode case, and an insulator.
  • the insulator is used to insulate the positive electrode case and the negative electrode case.
  • the positive electrode case includes a positive electrode side wall and a positive electrode side wall that are connected to each other.
  • the negative electrode case includes a negative electrode end wall and a negative electrode side wall connected to each other, the positive electrode end wall is disposed opposite to the negative electrode end wall, the positive electrode side wall is located inside the negative electrode side wall, and the through hole penetrates The side wall of the negative electrode, the insulator, and the side wall of the positive electrode;
  • the battery body includes a body, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, and both the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrically connected to the body;
  • the electrical connector includes a positive electrode connector and a negative electrode connector, the positive electrode connector is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and the negative electrode connector is electrically connected to the negative electrode;
  • the explosion-proof member is electrically connected to the positive electrode side wall and the positive electrode connector, and the negative electrode connector is electrically connected to the negative electrode end wall.
  • the housing includes a positive electrode case, a negative electrode case, and an insulator.
  • the insulator is used to insulate the positive electrode case and the negative electrode case.
  • the positive electrode case includes a positive electrode side wall and a positive electrode side wall that are connected to each other.
  • the negative electrode case includes a negative electrode end wall and a negative electrode side wall that are connected to each other, the positive electrode end wall and the negative electrode end wall are disposed opposite to each other, the positive electrode side wall is located outside the negative electrode side wall, and the through hole penetrates The side wall of the positive electrode, the insulator, and the side wall of the negative electrode;
  • the battery body includes a body, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, and both the positive electrode and the negative electrode are electrically connected to the body;
  • the electrical connector includes a positive electrode connector and a negative electrode connector, the positive electrode connector is electrically connected to the positive electrode, and the negative electrode connector is electrically connected to the negative electrode;
  • the explosion-proof element is electrically connected to the negative electrode side wall and the negative electrode connector, and the positive electrode connector is electrically connected to the positive electrode wall.
  • a plurality of the through holes are provided, and the plurality of through holes are distributed on the housing at intervals.
  • the explosion-proof component when the temperature in the shell reaches the preset temperature, the explosion-proof component will communicate with the through hole and the accommodating cavity, so that the gas generated by the battery body can be discharged through the through hole in time to avoid excessive pressure inside the shell. Not only that, but the explosion-proof parts can also disconnect the electrical connection between the casing and the battery body to prevent the temperature from rising continuously, which greatly improves the safety performance of the button battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a button battery in an embodiment
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of the button battery shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the button battery shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of A in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a button battery in another embodiment
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a button battery in another embodiment.
  • the button battery 10 of an embodiment includes a housing 100, a battery body 200, an electrical connector, and an explosion-proof component 400.
  • the housing 100 is provided with a containing cavity 102, and the battery body 200 is electrically connected to The explosion-proof part and the explosion-proof part 400 are both arranged in the accommodating cavity 102.
  • the battery body 200 is electrically connected to the electrical connection part.
  • the housing 100 is also provided with a through hole 104. Normally, the explosion-proof part 400 is used to seal the through hole 104 to The accommodating cavity 102 is isolated from the external environment.
  • the explosion-proof member 400 is used to communicate the through hole 104 and the accommodating cavity 102, so that the gas generated by the battery body 200 can pass through the through hole in time It is discharged to reduce the pressure in the casing 100, avoid the explosion accident caused by the excessive pressure inside the casing 100, and greatly improve the safety performance of the button battery 10.
  • the housing 100 includes a positive housing 110, a negative housing 120, and an insulator 130.
  • the positive housing 110, the negative housing 120, and the insulator 130 form a accommodating cavity 102 between the positive housing 110, the negative housing 120, and the insulator 130.
  • the insulator 130 is used to insulate the positive housing 110 and the negative housing 120. Not only that, the insulator 130 is also used to seal the area between the positive electrode case 110 and the negative electrode case 120.
  • the positive case 110 includes a positive terminal wall 112 and a positive side wall 114 that are connected to each other.
  • the negative case 120 includes a negative terminal wall 122 and a negative side wall 124 that are connected to each other.
  • the positive terminal wall 112 Opposite to the negative electrode end wall 122, the positive electrode side wall 114 is located inside the negative electrode side wall 124, that is, the positive electrode case 110 is inserted into the negative electrode case 120.
  • the positive side wall 114 includes a first section 1142, a bending section 1144, and a second section 1146 that are sequentially connected from the positive terminal wall 112 to the negative terminal wall 124.
  • the first section 1142 is connected to the positive terminal wall. 112 is connected, and the bending section 1144 is bent outward from the first section 1142.
  • the insulator 130 includes a first insulation section 132, a transition section 134, and a second insulation section 136 that are sequentially connected in the direction from the positive terminal wall 112 to the negative terminal wall 124.
  • the first insulation section 132 is attached to the first section 1142, and the transition The section 134 is adapted to the bending section 1144, the second insulating section 136 is provided with a groove at one end away from the transition section 134, and the second section 1146 is inserted into the groove.
  • the negative side wall 124 includes a buckling portion 1242 and an extension portion 1244 that are sequentially connected from the positive terminal wall 112 to the negative end wall 124.
  • the buckling portion 1242 is pressed on the transition section 134, and the extension portion 1244 and the negative end wall 122 connect.
  • both the positive electrode shell 110 and the negative electrode shell 120 are integrally formed, and the manufacturing process is simple.
  • the positive electrode shell 110, the negative electrode shell 120, and the insulator 130 are closely matched, which can effectively prevent the button battery 10 from leaking gas and liquid, and improve the sealability of the button battery 10.
  • the positive electrode side wall 114 may also be located outside the negative electrode side wall 124. At this time, the negative electrode case 120 is inserted into the positive electrode case 110.
  • the shape and matching relationship of the positive electrode shell 110, the negative electrode shell 120, and the insulator 130 can be adjusted with reference to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
  • the battery body 200 includes a body 210, a positive electrode 220 and a negative electrode 230, and both the positive electrode 220 and the negative electrode 230 are electrically connected to the body 210.
  • the body 210 is usually made by stacking or winding a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, and a separator in a superposed state.
  • the positive pole 220 is connected to the positive pole piece
  • the negative electrode 230 is connected to the negative pole piece.
  • the electrical connectors include a positive electrode connector 310 and a negative electrode connector 320.
  • the positive electrode connector 310 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 220
  • the negative electrode connector 320 is electrically connected to the negative electrode 230.
  • the positive electrode 220, the positive connection member 310, and the positive electrode piece may be an integrated structure
  • the negative electrode 230, the negative electrode connection member 320, and the negative electrode piece may be an integrated structure
  • the explosion-proof element 400 when the explosion-proof element 400 is at a preset temperature, the entire explosion-proof element 400 will melt.
  • the button battery 10 experiences abnormal conditions such as abnormal charging and discharging or short-circuiting of the positive and negative electrodes, the temperature in the housing 100 will rise sharply.
  • the hole 104 communicates with the accommodating cavity 102 and the external environment, so as to facilitate the discharge of gas in the housing 100.
  • the preset temperature is 55°C-150°C. It is not difficult to understand that the melting point of the explosion-proof component 400 is 55°C-150°C.
  • the explosion-proof element 400 may further include a first area and a second area that are connected to each other.
  • the first area is used to seal the through hole 104
  • the second area is connected to the housing 100
  • the melting point of the first area is lower than that of the second area.
  • the melting point of the area that is, the structure of the explosion-proof element 400 in the first area will melt before the structure of the explosion-proof element 400 in the second area.
  • the explosion-proof member 400 is made of conductive hot melt material, and also has the function of electrically connecting the housing 100 and the electrical connection member. That is to say, the explosion-proof element 400 can not only be melted at a preset temperature to communicate with the through hole 104 and the accommodating cavity 102, but can also disconnect the electrical connection between the housing 100 and the electrical connector after it is melted, so as to avoid The temperature of the button battery 10 continues to rise, further improving the safety performance of the button battery 10.
  • the conductive hot melt material can be a metal material, or a composite material containing a conductive medium, such as conductive fiber, conductive plastic, and the like.
  • the through hole 104 is provided on the positive electrode shell 110, and more specifically, the through hole 104 is provided on the positive terminal wall 112 of the positive electrode shell 110.
  • the explosion-proof member 400 is electrically connected to the positive electrode connector 310 and the positive electrode case 110, and the negative electrode connector 320 is electrically connected to the negative electrode case 120.
  • the through hole 104 is provided on the negative electrode shell 120, more specifically, the through hole 104 is provided on the negative electrode end wall 122 of the negative electrode shell 120.
  • the explosion-proof element 400 is electrically connected to the negative electrode connector 320 and the negative electrode case 120, and the positive electrode connector 310 is electrically connected to the positive electrode case 110.
  • both the positive electrode shell 110 and the negative electrode shell 120 are provided with a through hole 104. More specifically, the positive terminal wall 112 of the positive electrode shell 110 is provided with a through hole 104, and the negative electrode end wall 122 of the negative electrode shell 120 is also provided with a through hole 104. There is a through hole 104. In this embodiment, the through hole 104 on the positive terminal wall 112 is correspondingly provided with an explosion-proof member 400, and the through hole 104 on the negative terminal wall 122 is also provided with an explosion-proof member 400, the positive connecting member 310 and the positive case 110 The explosion-proof component 400 is electrically connected, and the negative connection piece 320 and the negative electrode shell 120 are electrically connected through the explosion-proof component 400.
  • the through hole 104 penetrates the negative side wall 124, the insulator 130 and the positive side wall 114.
  • the explosion-proof member 400 is electrically connected to the positive side wall 114 and the positive connection member 310.
  • the negative connection member 320 can directly contact the negative end wall 122 to achieve electrical connection
  • a through hole may be provided on the negative electrode end wall 122, and the electrical connection between the negative electrode connector 320 and the negative electrode end wall 122 can be realized through the explosion-proof member 400.
  • the explosion-proof member 400 is electrically connected to the negative side wall 124 and the negative connection member 320.
  • the positive connection member 310 can directly contact the positive terminal wall 112 to achieve electrical connection
  • a through hole may be provided on the positive electrode terminal wall 112, and the electrical connection between the positive electrode connector 310 and the positive electrode terminal wall 112 can be realized through the explosion-proof member 400.
  • the explosion-proof element 400 is entirely located in the accommodating cavity 102.
  • a part of the structure of the explosion-proof element 400 may also extend into the through hole 104, but does not extend beyond the through hole. 104 to ensure the smooth installation of the button battery 10.
  • only one through hole 104 is provided, and correspondingly, one explosion-proof member 400 is also provided.
  • multiple through holes 104 may also be provided, and the multiple through holes 104 are distributed at intervals.
  • one explosion-proof element 400 may be provided, and one explosion-proof element 400 covers the plurality of through holes 104 at the same time.
  • the explosion-proof element 400 may also be provided in multiples, which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple through holes 104, or each explosion-proof element 400 covers a part of the multiple through holes 104.
  • the through hole 104 is a circular hole.
  • the shape of the through hole 104 may also be a square, a triangle, or the like.
  • the button battery 10 of this embodiment is a cylindrical battery.
  • the button battery 10 may also be a square battery or a special-shaped battery.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

一种纽扣电池（10）。纽扣电池（10）包括外壳（100）、电池体（200）及防爆件（400），外壳（100）内设有容置腔（102），外壳（100）上设有通孔（104），电池体（200）位于容置腔（102）内。防爆件（400）的至少部分结构设于容置腔（102）内，防爆件（400）密封通孔（104）并电性连接外壳（100）与电池体（200），防爆件（400）用于在预设温度下连通通孔（104）与容置腔（102）并断开外壳（100）与电池体（200）之间的电连接。当外壳（100）内的温度达到预设温度时，防爆件（400）会连通通孔（104）与容置腔（102），从而电池体（200）所产生的气体能够及时通过通孔（104）排出去，避免外壳（100）内部压力过大而发生爆炸事故，而且，防爆件（400）还能断开外壳（100）与电池体（200）之间的电连接，避免温度继续升高，极大的提高了纽扣电池（10）的安全性能。

Description

纽扣电池 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种纽扣电池。
 背景技术
纽扣电池又称扣式电池，因体形较小，广泛应用在各种电子产品中，例如，电子表、电子秤、电动玩具、计数器、照相机等等。
 技术问题
现有的纽扣电池主要包括外壳及设置在外壳内部并用于产生电化学作用的电池体，当纽扣电池出现正负极短接等异常情况时，温度会急剧升高，电池体产生的气体会导致外壳内部的压力升高，而当外壳内部的压力升高至外壳所能承受的最大压力时，则会发生爆炸，十分危险。
因此，有必要提供一种具有排气功能的纽扣电池。
 技术解决方案
本申请的目的在于提供一种纽扣电池，以解决现有的纽扣电池在异常情况下易爆炸的技术问题。
本申请的技术方案如下：
一种纽扣电池，包括：
外壳，内设有容置腔，所述外壳上设有通孔；
电池体，位于所述容置腔内；以及
防爆件，至少部分结构设于所述容置腔内，所述防爆件密封所述通孔并电性连接所述外壳与所述电池体，所述防爆件用于在预设温度下连通所述通孔与所述容置腔并断开所述外壳与所述电池体之间的电连接。
在其中一个实施例中，在所述预设温度下，所述防爆件的至少部分结构熔化。
在其中一个实施例中，所述预设温度为55℃-150℃。
在其中一个实施例中，所述纽扣电池还包括位于所述容置腔内的电连接件，所述防爆件设置于所述外壳与所述电连接件之间。
在其中一个实施例中，所述外壳包括正极壳、负极壳以及绝缘体，所述绝缘体用于绝缘所述正极壳与所述负极壳；
所述电池体包括本体、正极及负极，所述正极与所述负极均与所述本体电连接；
所述电连接件包括正极连接件及负极连接件，所述正极连接件与所述正极电连接，所述负极连接件与所述负极电连接；
所述通孔设于所述正极壳上，所述防爆件电性连接所述正极连接件及所述正极壳，所述负极连接件电性连接所述负极壳。
在其中一个实施例中，所述外壳包括正极壳、负极壳以及绝缘体，所述绝缘体用于绝缘所述正极壳与所述负极壳；
所述电池体包括本体、正极及负极，所述正极与所述负极均与所述本体电连接；
所述电连接件包括正极连接件及负极连接件，所述正极连接件与所述正极电连接，所述负极连接件与所述负极电连接；
所述通孔设于所述负极壳上，所述防爆件电性连接所述负极连接件及所述负极壳，所述正极连接件电性连接所述正极壳。
在其中一个实施例中，所述外壳包括正极壳、负极壳以及绝缘体，所述绝缘体用于绝缘所述正极壳与所述负极壳；
所述电池体包括本体、正极及负极，所述正极与所述负极均与所述本体电连接；
所述电连接件包括正极连接件及负极连接件，所述正极连接件与所述正极电连接，所述负极连接件与所述负极电连接；
所述正极壳与所述负极壳均设有所述通孔，所述正极连接件与所述正极壳通过所述防爆件电性连接，所述负极连接件与所述负极壳通过所述防爆件电性连接。
在其中一个实施例中，所述外壳包括正极壳、负极壳以及绝缘体，所述绝缘体用于绝缘所述正极壳与所述负极壳，所述正极壳包括相互连接的正极端壁及正极侧壁，所述负极壳包括相互连接的负极端壁及负极侧壁，所述正极端壁与所述负极端壁相对设置，所述正极侧壁位于所述负极侧壁的内侧，所述通孔贯穿所述负极侧壁、所述绝缘体及所述正极侧壁；
所述电池体包括本体、正极及负极，所述正极与所述负极均与所述本体电连接；
所述电连接件包括正极连接件及负极连接件，所述正极连接件与所述正极电连接，所述负极连接件与所述负极电连接；
所述防爆件电性连接所述正极侧壁与所述正极连接件，所述负极连接件电性连接所述负极端壁。
在其中一个实施例中，所述外壳包括正极壳、负极壳以及绝缘体，所述绝缘体用于绝缘所述正极壳与所述负极壳，所述正极壳包括相互连接的正极端壁及正极侧壁，所述负极壳包括相互连接的负极端壁及负极侧壁，所述正极端壁与所述负极端壁相对设置，所述正极侧壁位于所述负极侧壁的外侧，所述通孔贯穿所述正极侧壁、所述绝缘体及所述负极侧壁；
所述电池体包括本体、正极及负极，所述正极与所述负极均与所述本体电连接；
所述电连接件包括正极连接件及负极连接件，所述正极连接件与所述正极电连接，所述负极连接件与所述负极电连接；
所述防爆件电性连接所述负极侧壁与所述负极连接件，所述正极连接件电性连接所述正极端壁。
在其中一个实施例中，所述通孔设有多个，多个所述通孔间隔分布在所述外壳上。
 有益效果
本申请的有益效果在于：
上述的纽扣电池，当外壳内的温度达到预设温度时，防爆件会连通通孔与容置腔，从而电池体所产生的气体能够及时通过通孔排出去，避免外壳内部压力过大而发生爆炸事故，不仅如此，防爆件还能断开外壳与电池体之间的电连接，避免温度继续升高，极大的提高了纽扣电池的安全性能。
 附图说明
图1为一个实施例中纽扣电池的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示的纽扣电池的爆炸图；
图3为图1所示的纽扣电池的剖视图；
图4为图3中A处的局部放大图；
图5为另一实施例中纽扣电池的剖视图；
图6为又一实施例中纽扣电池的剖视图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和实施方式对本申请作进一步说明。
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请的各实施方式进行详细的阐述。然而，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，在本申请各实施方式中，为了使读者更好地理解本申请而提出了许多技术细节。但是，即使没有这些技术细节和基于以下各实施方式的种种变化和修改，也可以实现本申请所要求保护的技术方案。
如图1至图3所示，一实施方式的纽扣电池10包括外壳100、电池体200、电连接件以及防爆件400，其中，外壳100内设有容置腔102，电池体200、电连接件以及防爆件400均设于容置腔102内，电池体200与电连接件电性连接，外壳100上还设有通孔104，正常情况下，防爆件400用于密封通孔104，以隔绝容置腔102与外界环境。当纽扣电池10出现异常情况，而使外壳100内的温度上升至预设温度时，防爆件400用于连通通孔104与容置腔102，从而电池体200所产生的气体能够及时通过通孔排出去，以减小外壳100内的压力，避免外壳100内部压力过大而发生爆炸事故，极大的提高了纽扣电池10的安全性能。
在本实施方式中，外壳100包括正极壳110、负极壳120以及绝缘体130，正极壳110、负极壳120以及绝缘体130之间形成容置腔102，绝缘体130用于绝缘正极壳110与负极壳120，不仅如此，绝缘体130还用于密封正极壳110与负极壳120之间的区域。
一实施例中，请一并结合图4，正极壳110包括相互连接的正极端壁112及正极侧壁114，负极壳120包括相互连接的负极端壁122及负极侧壁124，正极端壁112与负极端壁122相对设置，正极侧壁114位于负极侧壁124的内侧，也即，正极壳110插入在负极壳120中。
更为具体地，正极侧壁114包括自正极端壁112至负极端壁124的方向上顺次连接的第一段1142、折弯段1144及第二段1146，第一段1142与正极端壁112连接，折弯段1144自第一段1142向外弯折。
绝缘体130包括自正极端壁112至负极端壁124的方向上顺次连接的第一绝缘段132、过渡段134及第二绝缘段136，第一绝缘段132与第一段1142贴合，过渡段134与折弯段1144相适配，第二绝缘段136远离过渡段134的一端设有凹槽，第二段1146插设于凹槽中。
负极侧壁124包括自正极端壁112至负极端壁124的方向上顺次连接的扣合部1242及延展部1244，扣合部1242压设于过渡段134，延展部1244与负极端壁122连接。
在本实施方式中，正极壳110与负极壳120均一体成型，制作工艺简单。并且，正极壳110、负极壳120及绝缘体130之间的配合十分紧密，能够有效防止纽扣电池10出现漏气、漏液等现象，提高了纽扣电池10的密封性。
在另一实施例中，正极侧壁114还可以位于负极侧壁124的外侧，此时，负极壳120插入在正极壳110中。对应地，正极壳110、负极壳120以及绝缘体130的形状与配合关系可参考图3所示的实施例做适应性调整。
电池体200包括本体210、正极220及负极230，正极220与负极230均与本体210电连接。具体地，本体210通常由正极极片、负极极片以及隔膜以重合的状态层叠或卷绕制成，正极220连接在正极极片上，负极230连接在负极极片上。
电连接件包括正极连接件310及负极连接件320，正极连接件310与正极220电连接，负极连接件320与负极230电连接。
可以理解的，正极220、正极连接件310及正极极片可以为一体结构，负极230、负极连接件320及负极极片可以为一体结构。
一实施例中，防爆件400在预设温度下，防爆件400整体会熔化。当纽扣电池10发生异常充放电或正负极短接等异常情况时，外壳100内的温度会急剧升高，当外壳100内的温度上升至预设温度时，防爆件400熔化，以使通孔104连通容置腔102与外界环境，以便于外壳100内气体的排出。
在本实施例中，预设温度为55℃-150℃，不难理解的是，防爆件400的熔点为55℃-150℃。
在其他实施例中，防爆件400还可以包括相互连接的第一区域及第二区域，第一区域用于密封通孔104，第二区域与外壳100连接，第一区域的熔点低于第二区域的熔点，也即，防爆件400在第一区域的结构会先于防爆件400在第二区域的结构熔化。
在本实施例中，防爆件400由导电热熔材料制成，还具有电性连接外壳100和电连接件的作用。也就是说，防爆件400不仅能在预设温度下熔化以连通通孔104与容置腔102，还能在其熔化后，断开外壳100和电连接件之间的电性连接，以避免纽扣电池10的温度继续升高，进一步提高纽扣电池10的安全性能。
在本实施例中，导电热熔材料可以为金属材料，也可以为包含导电介质的复合材料，例如导电纤维、导电塑胶等。
一实施例中，如图3所示，通孔104设于正极壳110上，更为具体地，通孔104设于正极壳110的正极端壁112上。在该实施例中，防爆件400电性连接正极连接件310及正极壳110，负极连接件320电性连接负极壳120。
一实施例中，如图5所示，通孔104设于负极壳120上，更为具体地，通孔104设于负极壳120的负极端壁122上。在该实施例中，防爆件400电性连接负极连接件320及负极壳120，正极连接件310电性连接正极壳110。
一实施例中，正极壳110与负极壳120均设有通孔104，更为具体地，正极壳110的正极端壁112上设有通孔104，负极壳120的负极端壁122上也设有通孔104。在该实施例中，正极端壁112上通孔104处对应设有防爆件400，且，负极端壁122上的通孔104处也对应设有防爆件400，正极连接件310与正极壳110通过防爆件400电性连接，负极连接件320与负极壳120通过防爆件400电性连接。
一实施例中，如图6所示，通孔104贯穿负极侧壁124、绝缘体130及正极侧壁114。
当正极侧壁114位于负极侧壁124的内侧时，防爆件400电性连接正极侧壁114与正极连接件310，此时，负极连接件320可直接与负极端壁122接触以实现电性连接，也可以在负极端壁122上设置通孔，并通过防爆件400实现负极连接件320与负极端壁122之间的电性连接。
当正极侧壁114位于负极侧壁124的外侧时，防爆件400电性连接负极侧壁124与负极连接件320，此时，正极连接件310可直接与正极端壁112接触以实现电性连接，也可以在正极端壁112上设置通孔，并通过防爆件400实现正极连接件310与正极端壁112之间的电性连接。
综合图3、图5及图6，防爆件400整体都位于容置腔102内，在一些实施例中，防爆件400的部分结构也可以延伸至通孔104内，但不伸出于通孔104，以确保纽扣电池10的顺利安装。
在本实施方式中，通孔104仅设有一个，对应地，防爆件400也设有一个。在其他实施例中，在同一个部位，例如，在正极端壁112或负极端壁122上，通孔104也可以设置多个，多个通孔104间隔分布。对应于多个通孔104，防爆件400可以设置一个，一个防爆件400同时遮盖多个通孔104。防爆件400也可以设置多个，与多个通孔104一一对应设置，或者，每个防爆件400遮盖多个通孔104中的部分。
在本实施方式中，通孔104为圆形孔，在其他实施例中，通孔104的形状还可以为方形、三角形等等。
从图1中可以看出，本实施方式的纽扣电池10为圆柱形电池，在其他实施例中，纽扣电池10也可以为方形电池或异形电池。
以上所述的仅是本申请的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本申请的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种纽扣电池，其特征在于，包括：
    外壳，内设有容置腔，所述外壳上设有通孔；
    电池体，位于所述容置腔内；以及
    防爆件，至少部分结构设于所述容置腔内，所述防爆件密封所述通孔并电性连接所述外壳与所述电池体，所述防爆件用于在预设温度下连通所述通孔与所述容置腔并断开所述外壳与所述电池体之间的电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，在所述预设温度下，所述防爆件的至少部分结构熔化。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述预设温度为55℃-150℃。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述纽扣电池还包括位于所述容置腔内的电连接件，所述防爆件设置于所述外壳与所述电连接件之间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述外壳包括正极壳、负极壳以及绝缘体，所述绝缘体用于绝缘所述正极壳与所述负极壳；
    所述电池体包括本体、正极及负极，所述正极与所述负极均与所述本体电连接；
    所述电连接件包括正极连接件及负极连接件，所述正极连接件与所述正极电连接，所述负极连接件与所述负极电连接；
    所述通孔设于所述正极壳上，所述防爆件电性连接所述正极连接件及所述正极壳，所述负极连接件电性连接所述负极壳。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述外壳包括正极壳、负极壳以及绝缘体，所述绝缘体用于绝缘所述正极壳与所述负极壳；
    所述电池体包括本体、正极及负极，所述正极与所述负极均与所述本体电连接；
    所述电连接件包括正极连接件及负极连接件，所述正极连接件与所述正极电连接，所述负极连接件与所述负极电连接；
    所述通孔设于所述负极壳上，所述防爆件电性连接所述负极连接件及所述负极壳，所述正极连接件电性连接所述正极壳。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述外壳包括正极壳、负极壳以及绝缘体，所述绝缘体用于绝缘所述正极壳与所述负极壳；
    所述电池体包括本体、正极及负极，所述正极与所述负极均与所述本体电连接；
    所述电连接件包括正极连接件及负极连接件，所述正极连接件与所述正极电连接，所述负极连接件与所述负极电连接；
    所述正极壳与所述负极壳均设有所述通孔，所述正极连接件与所述正极壳通过所述防爆件电性连接，所述负极连接件与所述负极壳通过所述防爆件电性连接。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述外壳包括正极壳、负极壳以及绝缘体，所述绝缘体用于绝缘所述正极壳与所述负极壳，所述正极壳包括相互连接的正极端壁及正极侧壁，所述负极壳包括相互连接的负极端壁及负极侧壁，所述正极端壁与所述负极端壁相对设置，所述正极侧壁位于所述负极侧壁的内侧，所述通孔贯穿所述负极侧壁、所述绝缘体及所述正极侧壁；
    所述电池体包括本体、正极及负极，所述正极与所述负极均与所述本体电连接；
    所述电连接件包括正极连接件及负极连接件，所述正极连接件与所述正极电连接，所述负极连接件与所述负极电连接；
    所述防爆件电性连接所述正极侧壁与所述正极连接件，所述负极连接件电性连接所述负极端壁。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述外壳包括正极壳、负极壳以及绝缘体，所述绝缘体用于绝缘所述正极壳与所述负极壳，所述正极壳包括相互连接的正极端壁及正极侧壁，所述负极壳包括相互连接的负极端壁及负极侧壁，所述正极端壁与所述负极端壁相对设置，所述正极侧壁位于所述负极侧壁的外侧，所述通孔贯穿所述正极侧壁、所述绝缘体及所述负极侧壁；
    所述电池体包括本体、正极及负极，所述正极与所述负极均与所述本体电连接；
    所述电连接件包括正极连接件及负极连接件，所述正极连接件与所述正极电连接，所述负极连接件与所述负极电连接；
    所述防爆件电性连接所述负极侧壁与所述负极连接件，所述正极连接件电性连接所述正极端壁。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的纽扣电池，其特征在于，所述通孔设有多个，多个所述通孔间隔分布在所述外壳上。
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