WO2021228251A1 - 换电站 - Google Patents

换电站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021228251A1
WO2021228251A1 PCT/CN2021/093937 CN2021093937W WO2021228251A1 WO 2021228251 A1 WO2021228251 A1 WO 2021228251A1 CN 2021093937 W CN2021093937 W CN 2021093937W WO 2021228251 A1 WO2021228251 A1 WO 2021228251A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bin
battery
swap
charging
power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/093937
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黎明
文超
王胜德
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Publication of WO2021228251A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021228251A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching station.
  • the battery swap station generally includes a battery swap bin and a charging bin.
  • both the battery swap bin and the charging bin are fixedly installed on the ground to facilitate the picking and placement and replacement of the battery.
  • the size of the battery pack is relatively large.
  • the replacement stations for commercial vehicles in China occupy a large area, which makes this type of replacement stations unable to be widely applied and promoted. Most of the replacement equipment in the Corrosion or damage will affect the service life.
  • the present invention provides a switching station.
  • the present invention provides a swap station for replacing battery packs on electric vehicles, and the swap station includes:
  • a first battery swap bin and a second battery swap bin a traffic channel is formed between the first battery swap bin and the second power switch bin, and the traffic channel is used for parking electric vehicles;
  • the charging compartment is used for charging and discharging the battery pack replaced from the electric vehicle, the charging compartment is located above the driving channel, and the charging compartment is respectively connected to the first and second battery swap compartments connect;
  • the first battery swapping device and the second battery swapping device are respectively arranged in the first battery swap bin and the second battery swap bin.
  • the first battery swap device and the second battery swap device are used in the charging bin.
  • the battery pack is exchanged between the electric vehicles on the driving channel.
  • the charging warehouse is arranged above the driving channel, and the first and second battery switching warehouses are arranged on both sides of the driving channel, which can meet the power switching requirements of electric vehicles that exchange power on both sides.
  • the overall structure of the power station is compact, and it occupies a small area.
  • first and second switchgear equipment in the first and second switchgear compartments, so that the first switchgear and the second switchgear are in a relatively confined space, maintaining the first switchgear
  • the stability of the ambient temperature and humidity of the first and second power replacement devices during use prevents the external environment from corroding or damages the first and second power replacement devices, and improves their service life.
  • the first battery swapping device and the second battery swapping device are installed on the left and right sides of the electric vehicle, which can replace the batteries on the left and right sides at the same time, which improves the efficiency of battery replacement.
  • the charging warehouse is directly installed in the driving channel.
  • the first and second battery swapping devices take out the old batteries, they only need to move a short distance to put the old batteries into the charging bin located above the traffic lane for charging, reducing the first battery swapping device.
  • the time required to transfer the battery with the second battery replacement device greatly improves the overall battery replacement efficiency.
  • the side of the first or second battery swap compartment has an opening that communicates with the traffic passage, and the opening is used for allowing the first or second battery swapping device to face the The electric vehicle in the driving channel stretches out to replace the battery pack.
  • the opening is used for the first or second power swapping device to extend toward the electric vehicle in the driving channel to replace the battery pack.
  • install the first or second battery swapping device in the relatively closed first or second battery swapping compartment respectively
  • an opening is provided on the side of the first or second battery swap compartment to facilitate the first battery swap equipment
  • the second battery replacement device is aligned with the position of the battery pack on the electric vehicle, which improves the accuracy and efficiency of battery replacement.
  • a lifting door device is provided on the side of the first or second battery replacement compartment, the lifting door device is used to control the opening and closing of the opening, and the lifting door device includes a door panel and a lifting mechanism The lifting mechanism is used to drive the door panel to move in the up and down direction of the opening to open or close the opening.
  • the opening and closing of the opening is controlled by setting a lift door device, the opening is opened when the battery pack needs to be replaced, and the opening is closed when the battery pack does not need to be replaced.
  • the opening is closed by the lifting door device, and the door panel can only move in the up and down direction.
  • the battery replacement space is not occupied, and the driver does not need to worry about the body being scratched by the door panel, which improves the battery replacement experience.
  • the side of the first or second battery swap compartment has an emergency opening facing the traffic passage, and the emergency opening is used for the first or second battery swapping device to remove the faulty battery Transfer to the outside of the first or second battery swap compartment.
  • the emergency opening is used for the first or second battery swapping device to transfer the faulty battery to the first battery swap bin or the second battery swap bin.
  • an emergency warehouse door is provided on the emergency opening, and the emergency warehouse door is used to open or close the emergency opening, and the switching station further includes an emergency warehouse door controller, which is connected to The emergency warehouse door is electrically connected, and the warehouse door controller can control the emergency warehouse door to open automatically.
  • the opening and closing of the emergency warehouse door is controlled by setting the warehouse door controller, the emergency warehouse door is opened when the faulty battery needs to be transferred, and the emergency warehouse door is closed when the faulty battery does not need to be transferred.
  • a rail is provided in the first or second power swap compartment, and the first or second power swap device moves on the rail.
  • the track is provided to provide the movement track of the first or second power swapping device.
  • the track of the first power swap bin includes a first ground rail, and the first ground rail is located on the bottom surface of the first power swap bin;
  • the track of the second power swap bin includes a second ground rail, and the second ground rail is located on the bottom surface of the second power swap bin.
  • the first ground rail and the second ground rail facilitate the installation of the first and second power swapping equipment in the first and second power swap bins, and at the same time define the first power swap The movement path of the device and the second battery swapping device.
  • the track of the first power swap bin includes a first sky rail, and the first sky rail is located on the top of the first power swap bin;
  • the track of the second power swap bin includes a second sky rail, and the second sky rail is located on the top of the second power swap bin.
  • the first and second battery swapping devices need to be set higher.
  • the first and second sky rails are set on the tops of the first and second power swap bins respectively.
  • a top opening is provided at the top of the first or second battery swapping compartment, and the top opening is used for the first or second battery swapping device to be located between the charging compartment and the charging compartment.
  • the battery pack is transferred between the first battery swap bin or the second battery swap bin.
  • the top opening is used for the first or second battery swapping device to transfer the battery pack between the charging compartment and the first or second battery swapping compartment.
  • an access door is provided on the end surface of the first or second battery swap compartment, a detachable door beam is provided under the access door, and the access door is located in the first or second battery swap compartment. Second, change the end of the track in the battery compartment.
  • the installation problem of the first battery swapping device or the second battery swapping chamber is solved, and the first battery swapping device or the second battery swapping chamber can be easily installed in the first battery swapping chamber.
  • the battery exchange compartment or the second battery exchange compartment In the battery exchange compartment or the second battery exchange compartment.
  • the power swap station further includes a first upper power swap bin and a second upper power swap bin, the first upper power swap bin is located above the first power swap bin, and the second upper power swap bin is located above the first power swap bin.
  • the bin is located above the second battery swap bin, and the first and second upper battery swap bins are located on both sides of the charging bin.
  • the open space between the charging warehouse and the first and second battery swapping warehouses can be enclosed, so that the entire battery swapping station A relatively closed space is formed, which is convenient for keeping the equipment in the switching station in a relatively stable environment, improving the service life of the equipment and the temperature stability during the charging and discharging process of the battery pack.
  • the first upper power swap compartment is connected to the first power swap compartment and the charging compartment
  • the second upper power swap compartment is connected to the second power swap compartment and the charging compartment .
  • the first upper power exchange bin is connected with the first power swap bin and the charging bin, and/or the second upper power swap bin is connected with the second power swap bin and the charge bin, so that the power swap station becomes A whole.
  • a bottom opening is provided at the bottom of the first or second upper power exchange compartment, and the bottom opening is used for charging the first or second power exchange device in the charging station.
  • the battery pack is transported between the warehouse and the first or second battery replacement warehouse.
  • the bottom opening is used for the first or second battery swapping device to transfer the battery pack between the charging compartment and the first or second battery swapping compartment.
  • the first upper battery replacement warehouse or the second upper battery replacement warehouse has an upper maintenance channel, and the upper maintenance channel is arranged around the bottom opening.
  • the staff can enter the first upper battery replacement warehouse or the second upper battery replacement warehouse from the upper maintenance channel, and check the facilities and the charging warehouse in the first upper battery replacement warehouse or the second upper battery replacement warehouse. The facilities, the first replacement equipment and the second replacement equipment are maintained.
  • a safety fence is provided on the side of the upper maintenance passage close to the bottom opening.
  • a safety fence is provided on the side of the upper maintenance channel close to the bottom opening.
  • the inside of the charging bin has a central maintenance channel
  • the side of the charging bin facing the first upper battery replacement bin or the second upper battery replacement bin has a connecting door
  • the central maintenance channel passes through the communication
  • the door communicates with the upper maintenance passage.
  • the upper maintenance passage of the first upper battery replacement warehouse, the upper maintenance passage of the second upper battery replacement warehouse, and the central maintenance passage of the charging warehouse are connected through the above-mentioned method, so that the staff can The battery swap compartment, the second upper battery swap compartment and the charging compartment move around each other.
  • the top of the first or second power swap compartment has an entrance
  • the first or second power swap compartment is provided with a ladder
  • the entrance is connected to the upper maintenance channel
  • the ladder is located below the entrance.
  • the staff can climb from the ladder to the upper maintenance passage.
  • the switching station further includes a maintenance balcony, the maintenance balcony being located outside the charging warehouse, and the maintenance balcony communicating with the upper maintenance passage.
  • the upper maintenance passage of the first upper power replacement warehouse, the upper maintenance passage of the second upper power replacement warehouse, and the maintenance balcony are connected through the above-mentioned method, so that the staff can switch between the first upper power replacement warehouse, Move around between the second power exchange bins.
  • a battery access port is provided on the side of the charging compartment, and the battery access port is for the first or second power swapping device to extend into and take out the battery pack.
  • the battery take-out port of the charging compartment is for the first or second battery-changing device to reach in and take out and take out the battery pack.
  • the power swap station further includes a first upper power swap bin and a second upper power swap bin, the first upper power swap bin is located above the first power swap bin, and the second upper power swap bin is located above the first power swap bin.
  • the bin is located above the second battery swap bin, the first upper battery swap bin and the second upper battery swap bin are located on both sides of the charging bin; the first upper battery swap bin or the second upper battery swap bin.
  • the side of the bin facing the charging bin is provided with a side opening, and the side opening is communicated with the battery access port of the charging bin.
  • the side openings of the first upper and second upper battery swap compartments are connected to the battery access ports of the charging compartment, so that the first battery swap device and the second battery swap device can be placed in the space.
  • China Mobile transfers the battery packs between the charging warehouse and the first and second battery exchange warehouses.
  • the charging compartment includes a charging chamber and a plurality of charging racks arranged in the charging chamber, and the charging rack is used for placing the battery pack and charging and discharging the battery pack.
  • the charging rack is used to place the battery pack and charge and discharge the battery pack.
  • the plurality of charging racks are arranged in two rows in the charging chamber, and the two rows of charging racks are respectively located on both sides of the charging chamber, and the middle of the two rows of charging racks is a central maintenance passage.
  • the central maintenance channel is arranged in the middle of the two rows of charging racks, which facilitates the maintenance work of the staff.
  • the charging bin further includes a liquid cooling chamber and a liquid cooling device arranged in the liquid cooling chamber, the liquid cooling pipeline of the liquid cooling device extends to the charging rack, and the liquid cooling pipeline Used to cool the battery pack on the charging rack.
  • the liquid cooling room is separated from the charging room, so that the heat emitted during the operation of the liquid cooling device will not affect the diffusion into the charging room, ensuring
  • the cooling effect of the charging chamber reduces the difficulty of temperature control in the charging chamber.
  • the charging bin further includes an equipment room in which a fume hood and/or a charging cabinet are placed, the ventilation pipeline of the fume hood extends into the charging room, and the charging cable of the charging cabinet extends To the charging rack, the charging cable is used to charge and discharge the battery pack located on the charging rack.
  • the fume hood, charging cabinet and other equipment are placed in a separate equipment room, so that the heat emitted during the operation of the fume hood and charging cabinet will not affect the diffusion into the charging room, and the cooling effect of the charging room is guaranteed.
  • the temperature control difficulty of the charging chamber is reduced.
  • the switching station further includes an entrance canopy installed on the end surface of the charging bin, and the entrance canopy is located above the entrance of the traffic passage.
  • the entrance canopy is used to block the entrance of the traffic passage when it rains, so that rainwater will not enter the traffic passage.
  • the switching station further includes an exit canopy installed on the end surface of the charging bin, and the exit canopy is located above the exit of the traffic passage.
  • the exit canopy is used to block the exit of the driving channel when it rains, so that rainwater will not enter the driving channel.
  • the first battery swap bin, the second battery swap bin and/or the charging bin are containers.
  • the first, second, and charging warehouses are designed in the form of containers, which are easy to install.
  • the required equipment can also be pre-installed in the container, which can shorten the on-site installation of the switch station. time.
  • the first or second battery swap compartment includes at least one functional room, and the functional room is a storage room or a rest room.
  • the function room provides other functions besides battery replacement, which meets the needs of daily operations.
  • the first or second power swap compartment has a lower maintenance channel, and the extension direction of the lower maintenance channel is parallel to the moving direction of the first power switch device or the second power switch device.
  • the lower maintenance channel is provided so that the staff can reach the location of the first or second power exchange device, which is convenient for the maintenance work of the staff.
  • the switching station further includes a first top canopy and a second top canopy, the first top canopy and the second top canopy extend from the top of the charging bin to both sides, and the first A top rain awning is located above the first battery swap bin, and the second top rain awning is located above the second battery swap bin.
  • the first top canopy and the second top canopy can also serve the function of covering the open space between the first battery swap compartment, the second battery swap compartment and the charging compartment, and the canopy type
  • the design and manufacture are simple, the installation is convenient, and the cost is low.
  • the power swap station by placing the charging bin above the traffic passage, and the first and second power swap bins on both sides of the traffic passage, can meet the power swap requirements of electric vehicles that are swapped on both sides.
  • the overall structure is compact and the floor space is small.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a substation according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the substation shown in Fig. 1 from another angle.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the substation shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first power swap bin of the power swap station shown in FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the first battery exchange compartment shown in Fig. 4 from another angle.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first battery exchange compartment shown in FIG. 4.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second power swap bin of the power swap station shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram from another angle of the second battery swap compartment shown in FIG. 7.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the second battery swap compartment shown in Fig. 7.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting door devices of the first and second power swap bins shown in FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the charging bin of the switching station shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the charging compartment shown in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the charging compartment shown in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first upper power swap bin of the power swap station shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first upper power exchange bin shown in FIG. 14.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second upper power swap bin of the power swap station shown in FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the second upper battery replacement compartment shown in Fig. 16.
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the substation shown in Fig. 1.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a substation according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the substation shown in Fig. 19.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a substation according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a switching station for replacing battery packs on electric vehicles.
  • the power swap station includes a first power swap bin 1, a second power swap bin 2, a charging bin 3, a first power swap device 4 and a second power swap device 5, the first power swap bin
  • a driving channel 6 is formed between 1 and the second battery swap compartment 2.
  • the driving channel 6 is used to park the electric car 100; the charging compartment 3 is used to charge and discharge the battery packs replaced from the electric car 100, and the charging compartment 3 is located in the driving car.
  • the charging warehouse 3 is connected to the first battery swapping warehouse 1 and the second battery swapping warehouse 2;
  • the first battery swap device 4 and the second battery swap device 5 are used to replace the battery packs between the charging bin 3 and the electric vehicle 100 on the driving channel 6.
  • the charging warehouse 3 is set above the driving channel 6, and the first battery swapping warehouse 1 and the second battery switching warehouse 2 are arranged on both sides of the traffic channel 6, which can meet the power swap requirements of electric vehicles that are swapped on both sides.
  • the overall structure is compact and the floor space is small.
  • first switchgear 4 and the second switchgear 5 in the first switchgear 1 and the second switchgear 2, so that the first switchgear 4 and the second switchgear 5 are relatively closed
  • the stability of the ambient temperature and humidity of the first power swapping device 4 and the second power swapping device 5 during use is maintained, and the external environment is prevented from affecting the first power swapping device 4 and the second power swapping device 5 Corrosion or damage increases its service life.
  • the first battery swapping device 4 and the second battery swapping device 5 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the electric vehicle, which can realize the replacement of the batteries on the left and right sides at the same time, which improves the efficiency of battery replacement.
  • the charging compartment 3 is directly set Above the traffic lane 6, after the first battery swapping device 4 and the second battery swapping device 5 take out the old batteries, they only need to move a short distance to put the old batteries into the charging compartment 3 located above the traffic lane 6 for charging This reduces the time required for the first battery swapping device 4 and the second battery swapping device 5 to transfer batteries, and greatly improves the overall battery swapping efficiency.
  • the first battery swapping device 4 or the second battery swapping device 5 is respectively installed in the relatively closed first battery swap bin 1 or In the second battery swap compartment 2, in order to replace the battery packs of the electric vehicle 100 located outside the first battery swap compartment 1 or the second battery swap compartment 2, in the first battery swap compartment 1 or the second battery swap compartment 2
  • An opening 11 is provided on the side of the battery to facilitate the alignment of the first battery pack 4 or the second battery pack 5 with the position of the battery pack on the electric vehicle 100, which improves the accuracy and efficiency of battery exchange.
  • the sides of the first power swap compartment 1 and the second power swap compartment 2 have openings 11 communicating with the traffic passage 6, and the opening 11 of the first power swap compartment 1 It is used for the first battery swapping device 4 to extend toward the electric vehicle 100 in the traffic passage 6 for battery pack replacement, and the opening 11 of the second battery swapping bin 2 is used for the second battery swapping device 4 to face the electric vehicle 100 in the traffic passage 6 The electric vehicle 100 is extended to replace the battery pack.
  • the position of the above-mentioned opening 11 is set according to the position of the battery pack of the electric vehicle targeted by the switching station. In other embodiments, if the electric vehicle only needs one-side battery replacement, only the opening 11 may be provided in the first battery replacement compartment 1 or the second battery replacement compartment 2; if the battery pack on one side of the electric vehicle requires multiple battery packs
  • the switch port may also be provided with multiple openings 11 on the first switch bin 1 or the second switch bin 2.
  • the opening 11 is closed by the lifting door device 12, and the door panel 121 can only move up and down. It moves, does not occupy the battery replacement space during the opening and closing process, and the driver does not have to worry about the body being scratched by the door panel 121, which improves the battery replacement experience. As shown in FIG.
  • the side of the first battery swap compartment 1 or the second battery swap compartment 2 is provided with a lifting door device 12, the lifting door device 12 is used to control the opening and closing of the opening 11, and the lifting door device 12 includes a door panel 121 and The lifting mechanism 122 is used to drive the door panel 121 to move in the up and down direction of the opening 11 to open or close the opening 11.
  • the lifting mechanism 122 includes a lifting belt 123, a rotating roller 124, a driving device 125, and a guide rail 126.
  • the guide rail 126 is vertically arranged.
  • the door panel 121 can move on the guide rail 126.
  • One end of the lifting belt 123 is fixed to the door panel 121.
  • the other end of 123 is fixed to the rotating roller 124, the rotating roller 124 is arranged above the door panel 121 and is used to wind the lifting belt 123, and the driving device 125 is used to drive the rotating roller 124 to rotate.
  • the driving device 125 drives the rotating roller 124 to rotate to roll up the lifting belt 123 so that the door panel 121 moves upward along the guide rail 126 to above the opening 11.
  • the driving device 125 drives the rotating roller 124 to rotate, and the lifting belt 123 is lowered, so that the door panel 121 moves downward along the guide rail 126 until the opening 11 is covered.
  • the side of the first battery swap compartment 1 or the second battery swap compartment 2 has an emergency opening 13 facing the traffic passage 6, and the emergency opening 13 of the first switch compartment 1 is for the first switch equipment 4 Transfer the failed battery to the outside of the first battery swap compartment 1, and the emergency opening 13 of the second battery swap compartment 2 is for the second battery swap device 5 to transfer the failed battery to the second battery swap compartment 2.
  • An emergency door 14 is provided on the emergency opening 13.
  • the emergency door 14 is used to open or close the emergency opening 13.
  • the replacement station also includes an emergency door controller.
  • the emergency door controller is electrically connected to the emergency door 14, and the door is controlled. The device can control the emergency door 14 to open automatically.
  • the position of the emergency opening 13 mentioned above is set according to the actual requirements of the switching station, and is not limited to the position shown in this embodiment.
  • the number of emergency openings 13 can also be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the first power swap bin 1 is provided with a rail, and the first power swap device 4 moves on the rail.
  • the track of the first power swap bin 1 includes a first ground rail 101 and a first sky rail 102.
  • the first ground rail 101 is located on the bottom surface of the first power swap bin 1, and the first sky rail 102 is located in the first power swap bay.
  • the first power swapping device 4 includes a first base 41, a first frame 42, a first switchboard 43, and a first support rod 44.
  • the first base 41 is fixed below the first frame 42 and the first support rod 44 Fixed on the side of the first frame 42, the first switchboard 43 is located in the first frame 42 and lifted and lowered along the first frame 42.
  • the first base 41 is located on the first ground rail 101, and the first base 41 is provided with a ground rail sliding member that cooperates with the first ground rail 101, and the ground rail sliding member is a slider or a pulley.
  • the first support rod 44 is in contact with the first sky rail 102, and the first power swapping device 4 as a whole can move on the first ground rail 101 and the first sky rail 102, so that the first power swapping device 4 can move in the horizontal direction.
  • the first switchboard 43 is located in the first frame 42, and the first switchboard 43 moves up and down along the first frame 42, and rises to the position of the charging compartment 3 or lowers to the position of the opening 11.
  • the power swapping process of the first power swapping device 4 is as follows:
  • the first power swapping device 4 moves on the first ground rail 101 and the first sky rail 102 so that the first power swap pan 43 is aligned with the opening 11 in the vertical direction, and the first power swap pan 43 is lowered to be along the opening 11
  • the horizontal direction is aligned, it is determined that the opening 11 is in an open state, the first switchboard 43 is extended to take out the old battery pack in the electric vehicle 100, and the first switchboard 43 is retracted again. At this time, the old battery pack Located on the first switchboard 43;
  • the first switchboard 43 rises to be aligned with the empty placement position of the charging bin 3 in the horizontal direction, and the first switchgear 4 moves on the first ground rail 101 and the first sky rail 102 to make the first switchboard 43 is aligned with the empty placement position of the charging compartment 3 in the vertical direction, the first switchboard 43 extends into the charging compartment 3, and the old battery pack is placed in the placement position;
  • the first power swapping device 4 moves on the first ground rail 101 and the first sky rail 102, and the first power swap pan 43 moves up and down until the first power swap pan 43 is aligned with the new battery pack. 43 extends into the charging compartment 3 and takes out the new battery pack;
  • the first power swapping device 4 moves on the first ground rail 101 and the first sky rail 102, and the first power swap pan 43 descends until the first power swap pan 43 is aligned with the opening 11, and it is determined that the opening 11 is in an open state. After the first switchboard 43 is extended to install the new battery pack in the electric vehicle 100, the first switchboard 43 is retracted to complete the entire battery swap process.
  • the second battery swapping bin 2 is provided with a rail, and the second battery swapping device 5 moves on the rail.
  • the track of the second power swap bin 2 includes a second ground rail 201 and a second sky rail 202.
  • the second ground rail 201 is located on the bottom surface of the second power swap bin 2, and the second sky rail 202 is located at the second power swap.
  • the second power swapping device 5 includes a second base 51, a second frame 52, a second switchboard 53 and a second support rod 54.
  • the second base 51 is fixed below the second frame 52, and the second support rod 54 Fixed on the side surface of the second frame 52, the second switch board 53 is located in the second frame 52 and moves up and down along the second frame 52.
  • the second base 51 is located on the second ground rail 201, and the second base 51 is provided with a ground rail sliding member that cooperates with the second ground rail 201, and the ground rail sliding member is a slider or a pulley.
  • the second support rod 54 is in contact with the second sky rail 202, and the second power swapping device 5 as a whole can move on the second ground rail 201 and the second sky rail 202, so that the second power swapping device 5 can move in the horizontal direction.
  • the second switchboard 53 is located in the second frame 52, and the second switchboard 53 can be raised and lowered along the second frame 52, ascends to the position of the charging compartment 3 or descends to the position of the opening 11.
  • the power swapping process of the above-mentioned second power swapping device 5 is as follows:
  • the second power swapping device 5 moves on the second ground rail 201 and the second sky rail 202 so that the second power swap pan 53 is aligned with the opening 11 in the vertical direction, and the second power swap pan 53 is lowered to be along the opening 11
  • the horizontal direction is aligned, it is determined that the opening 11 is in an open state, the second switchboard 53 is extended to take out the old battery pack in the electric vehicle 100, and the second switchboard 53 is retracted again. At this time, the old battery pack Located on the second switchboard 53;
  • the second switchboard 53 rises to be aligned with the empty position of the charging compartment 3 in the horizontal direction, and the second switchboard device 5 moves on the second ground rail 201 and the second day rail 202 to make the second switchboard 53 and the empty placement position of the charging compartment 3 are aligned in the vertical direction, the second switchboard 53 extends into the charging compartment 3, and the old battery pack is placed in the placement position;
  • the second power swapping device 5 moves on the second ground rail 201 and the second sky rail 202, and the second power swap pan 53 moves up and down until the second power swap pan 53 is aligned with the new battery pack. 53 stretch out into the charging compartment 3 and take out the new battery pack;
  • the second power swapping device 5 moves on the second ground rail 201 and the second sky rail 202, and the second power swap pan 53 descends until the second power swap pan 53 is aligned with the opening 11, confirming that the opening 11 is in an open state, After the second switchboard 53 is extended to install the new battery pack into the electric vehicle 100, the second switchboard 53 is retracted to complete the entire battery swap process.
  • the rails in the first battery swap bin 1 and the rails in the second battery swap bin 2 are set up according to the first battery swap device 4, the second battery swap device 5, and the battery swap process.
  • the rails in the first power swap bin 1 and the rails in the second power swap bin 2 can also be designed accordingly. It is not limited to the design of the track described in this embodiment.
  • first battery pack 1 or the second battery pack 2 is provided with a top opening 15 on the top of the battery pack.
  • the battery packs are transferred between the first battery swap bin 1, and the top opening 15 of the second battery swap bin 2 is used for the second battery swap device 5 to transfer battery packs between the charging bin 3 and the second battery swap bin 2.
  • an access door 16 is provided on the end face of the first or second power exchange compartment 1 or the second power exchange compartment.
  • the access door 16 has detachable door beams 17 above and below it. The end of the track in the first or second battery swap compartment 1 or 2.
  • the door beam 17 can be removed from the access door 16, and the first battery swapping device 4 can be pushed into the first battery swapping compartment 1 and installed on the track , And then reinstall the door beam 17 to the access door 16.
  • the detachable door beam 17 By designing the detachable door beam 17, the installation problem of the first power swapping device 4 is solved, and the first power swapping device 4 can be conveniently installed in the first power swapping bin 1.
  • the door beam 17 can be removed from the access door 16, and the second battery swapping device 5 can be pushed into the second battery swapping compartment 2 and Install it on the track, and then reinstall the door beam 17 on the access door 16.
  • the installation difficulty of the second power swapping device 5 is solved, and the second power swapping device 5 can be conveniently installed in the second power swapping bin 2.
  • the first and second power swap houses 2 have a lower maintenance channel 18, and the extension direction of the lower maintenance channel 18 is parallel to the first power switch device 4 or the second power switch device 5.
  • the direction of movement As shown in Fig. 6, the lower maintenance passage 18 in the first power exchange compartment 1 is arranged parallel to the first ground rail 101; as shown in Fig. 9, the lower maintenance passage 18 in the second power exchange compartment 2 is parallel to the first Two ground rails 201 are installed.
  • the lower maintenance passage 18 is in communication with the passage door 16, that is, workers can open the passage door 16 and enter the lower maintenance passage 18.
  • the first battery replacement warehouse 1 includes a lounge 19, and the inside of the lounge 19 can be equipped with water dispensers, tables and chairs, computers, air conditioners, and other items needed by workers.
  • the rest room 19 is provided with a first observation window 191 and a first entrance door 192.
  • the staff can observe the external situation through the first observation window 191, and the staff can also enter the rest room 19 through the first entrance door 192.
  • the rest room 19 is preferably arranged at the end of the first battery swap compartment 1 close to the entrance of the traffic passage 6, so that the first observation window 191 is located at the end of the first battery swap compartment 1, so that the staff in the rest room 19 can always Observe the situation of the entrance of the traffic passage 6; and the first entrance door 192 is preferably located on the side of the first switchgear 1 facing the traffic passage 6, so that the staff in the rest room 19 can easily access the first entrance door 192 Go to the traffic lane 6 to facilitate the staff to monitor the battery replacement process of the electric vehicle.
  • the air conditioner external unit 193 of the air conditioner in the rest room 19 can be hung on the side of the first power exchange compartment 1 away from the traffic passage 6, and the air conditioner external unit 193 does not affect the power exchange operation of the power exchange station.
  • the second battery swap bin 2 includes a storage room 21 in which materials required for daily maintenance can be placed.
  • the storage room 21 is provided with a second observation window 211 and a second entrance door 212.
  • the staff can observe the external situation through the second observation window 211 in the storage room 21, and the staff can also observe from the outside through the second observation window 211 When entering the storage room 21, the staff can enter the storage room 21 through the second entrance door 212.
  • the storage compartment 21 is preferably arranged at the end of the second battery swap compartment 2 close to the entrance of the traffic passage 6, so that the second observation window 211 is located at the end of the second battery swap compartment 2, so that the staff in the storage compartment 21 can always Observe the situation of the entrance of the traffic passage 6; and the second entrance door 212 is preferably located on the side of the second battery changer 2 facing the traffic passage 6, so that the staff in the storage room 21 can easily access the second entrance door 212 Go to the traffic lane 6 to facilitate the staff to monitor the battery replacement process of the electric vehicle.
  • the side of the charging compartment 3 is provided with a battery access port 31, the battery access port 31 for the first switch device 4 or the second switch device 5 to extend and take out Battery pack.
  • the charging compartment 3 includes a charging chamber 32 and a plurality of charging racks 33 arranged in the charging chamber 32.
  • the charging racks 33 are used for placing battery packs and charging and discharging the battery packs.
  • the charging rack 33 is arranged facing the battery access port 31, and the first battery replacement device 4 and the second battery replacement device 5 can be inserted from the battery access port 31 and removed from the charging rack 33 or put the battery pack into the charging station. ⁇ 33 ⁇ Shelf 33.
  • a plurality of charging racks 33 are arranged in two rows in the charging room 32, and the two rows of charging racks 33 are respectively located on both sides of the charging room 32, and a central maintenance channel 34 is formed in the middle of the two rows of charging racks 33.
  • the two rows of charging racks 33 respectively correspond to two battery access openings 31 for the first battery swapping device 4 and the second battery swapping device 5 to extend into and take out the battery packs.
  • the charging compartment 3 further includes a liquid cooling chamber 35 and a liquid cooling device 36 arranged in the liquid cooling chamber 35.
  • the pipeline extends to the charging rack 33, and the liquid cooling pipeline is used to cool the battery pack located on the charging rack 33.
  • the liquid cooling device 36 By arranging the liquid cooling device 36 in an independent liquid cooling chamber 35, the liquid cooling chamber 35 is separated from the charging chamber 32, so that the heat emitted during the operation of the liquid cooling device 36 will not affect the diffusion into the charging chamber 32, ensuring The cooling effect of the charging chamber 32 reduces the difficulty of temperature control of the charging chamber 32.
  • the charging warehouse 3 also includes an equipment room 37.
  • a fume hood 38 and a charging cabinet 39 are placed in the equipment room 37.
  • the internal space of 32 is ventilated; the charging cable of the charging cabinet 39 extends to the charging rack 33, and the charging cable is used to charge and discharge the battery pack located on the charging rack 33.
  • a power distribution box 311 is installed on the charging rack 33, and the power distribution box 311 is connected with a charging line.
  • the power distribution box 311 is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery pack.
  • the ventilation pipeline of the fume hood 38 passes above the equipment room 37, the charging room 32 and the liquid cooling room 35 to ventilate the air in the equipment room 37, the charging room 32 and the liquid cooling room 35.
  • the ventilation pipe of the fume hood 38 is provided with three vents.
  • the first vent 312 is located above the equipment room 37
  • the second vent 313 is located above the charging room 32
  • the third vent 314 is located in the liquid cooling room. 35 above.
  • the first upper power swap bin 7 is connected with the first power swap bin 1 and the charging bin 3
  • the second upper power swap bin 8 is connected with the second power swap bin 2 and the charging bin 3.
  • the first battery swap bin 1, the second battery swap bin 2, the charging bin 3, the first upper battery swap bin 7 and the second upper battery swap bin 8 can be containers, and the replacement can be completed by connecting the feet of adjacent containers to each other. Installation of power station.
  • the first battery swap warehouse 1, the second battery swap warehouse 2, the charging warehouse 3, the first upper battery swap warehouse 7 and the second upper battery swap warehouse 8 are designed into the form of containers, and the required equipment can also be placed in the container The pre-installation can shorten the time for on-site installation of the substation.
  • the bottom of the first upper power replacement bin 7 or the second upper power replacement bin 8 is provided with a bottom opening 71, and the bottom opening 71 of the first upper power replacement bin 7 is used for
  • a battery swapping device 4 transfers battery packs between the charging compartment 3 and the first battery swapping compartment 1.
  • the bottom opening 71 of the second upper battery swapping compartment 8 is used for the second battery swapping device 5 in the charging compartment 3 and the first battery pack.
  • the battery pack is transferred between the second battery replacement warehouse 2.
  • a side opening 74 is provided on the side of the first upper battery replacement warehouse 7 or the second upper battery replacement warehouse 8 facing the charging warehouse 3, and the side opening 74 is in communication with the battery access port 31 of the charging warehouse 3.
  • the top opening 15 of the first battery replacement bin 1 is connected to the bottom opening 71 of the first upper battery replacement bin 7, and the side opening 74 of the first upper battery replacement bin 7 is also connected to the charging
  • the battery access port 31 of the warehouse 3 is connected, so that a connected space is formed between the first battery replacement warehouse 1, the first upper battery replacement warehouse 7 and the charging warehouse 3, and the first battery replacement device 4 can move in this space. Transfer the battery pack between the charging compartment 3 and the first battery replacement compartment 1.
  • the top opening 15 of the second battery swap compartment 2 is connected to the bottom opening 71 of the second upper battery swap compartment 8.
  • the side opening 74 of the second upper battery swap compartment 8 is also connected to the battery access port 31 of the charging compartment 3. Are connected to each other, so that a connected space is formed between the second battery swap compartment 2, the second upper battery swap compartment 8 and the charging compartment 3. Transfer between the second battery exchange warehouse 2.
  • the first upper power replacement warehouse 7 or the second upper power replacement warehouse 8 has an upper maintenance channel 72, and the upper maintenance channel 72 is arranged around the bottom opening 71. Workers can enter the first upper power replacement warehouse 7 or the second upper power replacement warehouse 8 from the upper maintenance passage 72, and check the facilities in the first upper power replacement warehouse 7 or the second upper power replacement warehouse 8 and the charging warehouse 3 The facilities, the first power swapping device 4 and the second power swapping device 5 are maintained.
  • a safety fence 73 is provided on the side of the upper maintenance passage 72 close to the bottom opening 71.
  • the maintenance channels in the first upper battery replacement warehouse 7, the second upper battery replacement warehouse 8 and the charging warehouse 3 can be connected together, as shown in FIG. 18.
  • the side of the charging warehouse 3 facing the first upper battery replacement warehouse 7 and the second upper battery replacement warehouse 8 has a connecting door 310, the central maintenance passage 34 passes through the equipment room 37, and the connecting door 310 communicates with the upper maintenance passage 72.
  • the power swap station also includes a maintenance balcony 9 located outside the charging warehouse 3, and the maintenance balcony 9 is connected to the upper maintenance passage 72 of the first upper power replacement warehouse 7 and the second upper power replacement warehouse 8.
  • the upper maintenance passage 72 of the first upper battery replacement warehouse 7, the upper maintenance passage 72 of the second upper battery replacement warehouse 8, the central maintenance passage 34 of the charging warehouse 3, and the maintenance balcony 9 are connected, so that the staff can The first upper battery replacement warehouse 7, the second upper battery replacement warehouse 8 and the charging warehouse 3 move around each other.
  • the top of the storage room 21 of the second switchgear 2 has an entrance 22.
  • the storage room 21 is provided with a ladder 23.
  • the entrance 22 is connected to the upper maintenance channel 72. Personnel can climb from the ladder 23 to the upper maintenance passage 72.
  • the entrance 22 and the ladder 23 can also be installed in other positions according to requirements, and are not limited to be installed in the storage room 21.
  • the switching station further includes an entrance canopy 10 installed on the end surface of the charging warehouse 3, and the entrance canopy 10 is located above the entrance of the carriageway 6.
  • the entrance canopy 10 is used to shield the entrance of the traffic passage 6 when it rains, so that rainwater will not enter the traffic passage 6.
  • the power swap station further includes an exit canopy 20 installed on the end surface of the charging bin 3, and the exit canopy 20 is located above the exit of the roadway 6.
  • the exit canopy 20 is used to shield the exit of the traffic passage 6 when it rains, so that rainwater will not enter the traffic passage 6.
  • the replacement station may not be provided with a maintenance balcony, and the upper part of the entrance canopy 10 is provided as the first walking channel 30, and the upper part of the exit canopy 20 is provided as the second walking channel 40.
  • the first walking channel 30 and the second walking channel 40 The channel 40 extends to the charging bin 3, the first upper battery replacement bin 7 and the second upper battery replacement bin 8.
  • a first transition gate 50 is provided between the upper maintenance passage 72 of the first upper power replacement warehouse 7 and the first walking passage 30 and the second walking passage 40, and the upper maintenance passage 72 of the second upper power replacement warehouse 8 is connected to the first walking passage.
  • a second transition door 60 is provided between the passage 30 and the second walking passage 40, and a third transition door 70 is provided between the first walking passage 30 and the equipment room 37 of the charging warehouse 3.
  • the equipment room 37 of the charging warehouse 3 is connected to the center
  • the maintenance passage 34 is connected.
  • the upper maintenance passage 72 of the first upper power-changing warehouse 7, the first walking passage 30, the upper maintenance passage 72 of the second upper power-changing warehouse 8, and the second walking passage 40 are connected to form an annular maintenance passage, so that Workers can walk around on the annular maintenance corridor, so that they can move between the first upper battery replacement warehouse 7 and the second upper battery replacement warehouse 8; and the central maintenance channel 34 of the charging warehouse 3 and the first walking channel 30 is connected, so that the staff can walk from the first walking passage 30 to the central maintenance passage 34 of the charging warehouse 3.
  • the switch station uses the first top rain canopy 80 instead of the first upper switchgear compartment 7 in embodiment 1, and the second top rain canopy 90 replaces the second upper switchgear compartment 8 in embodiment 1.
  • the first top canopy 80 and the second top canopy 90 extend from the top of the charging compartment 3 to both sides, the first top canopy 80 is located above the first battery swap compartment 1, and the second top canopy 90 is located at the second Change the top of the battery compartment 2.
  • the first top canopy 80 and the second top canopy 90 can also serve the function of covering the open space between the first battery swap compartment 1, the second battery swap compartment 2 and the charging compartment 3, and the canopy type
  • the design and manufacture are simple, the installation is convenient, and the cost is low.

Abstract

提供一种换电站，该换电站包括第一换电仓（1）、第二换电仓（2）、充电仓（3）、第一换电设备（4）和第二换电设备（5），第一换电仓（1）和第二换电仓（2）之间形成行车通道（6），行车通道（6）用于停放电动汽车（100）；充电仓（3）用于对从电动汽车（100）上更换下来的电池包进行充放电，充电仓（3）位于行车通道（6）的上方，充电仓（3）分别与第一换电仓（1）和第二换电仓（2）连接；第一换电设备（4）和第二换电设备（5）分别设于第一换电仓（1）、第二换电仓（2）内，第一换电设备（4）、第二换电设备（5）用于在充电仓（3）、行车通道（6）上的电动汽车（100）之间进行电池包的更换。

Description

换电站
本申请要求申请日为2020年5月15日的中国专利申请2020104154324的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种换电站。
背景技术
随着传统化石能源消耗所带来的供应压力以及尾气污染，传统燃油汽车的发展进入了迟滞期。对于绿色能源前景的青睐，电动汽车以其节能环保的优势在近几年呈现出井喷式发展。而电动汽车因其对电池充电时间的短板促使了快换式电动汽车的出现，即快速更换电动汽车上的电池包，将亏电电池包卸下并安装上满电电池包。电动汽车因续航里程需求导致其电池包的重量非常重，因此，对电池包的更换需要依赖专有设备进行，于是，换电站作为一种专业提供电动汽车电池包更换的服务场所应运而生。
现有技术中，换电站一般包括换电仓和充电仓，在实际使用时，换电仓和充电仓均固定安装在地面上，以便于电池的取放和更换，而对于电池包尺寸较大的商用车的换电站，占地面积较大，导致该类换电站不能大范围的应用推广，且大部分换电站中的换电设备都暴露在外部环境中，换电设备的各个零部件容易腐蚀或损坏，影响使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明为了解决上述问题，提供一种换电站。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来达到上述目的：
本发明提供一种换电站，用于对电动汽车上的电池包进行更换，所述换电站包括：
第一换电仓、第二换电仓，所述第一换电仓和所述第二换电仓之间形成行车通道，所述行车通道用于停放电动汽车；
充电仓，用于对从电动汽车上更换下来的电池包进行充放电，所述充电仓位于所述行车通道的上方，所述充电仓分别与所述第一换电仓和第二换电仓连接；
第一换电设备和第二换电设备，分别设于所述第一换电仓、第二换电仓内，所述第一换电设备、第二换电设备用于在所述充电仓、所述行车通道上的电动汽车之间进行电池包的更换。
在本技术方案中，将充电仓设置于行车通道的上方，第一换电仓、第二换电仓设置于行车通道的两侧，能满足两侧换电的电动汽车的换电需求，换电站的整体结构紧凑，占地面积小。
且将第一换电设备和第二换电设备安装于第一换电仓、第二换电仓内，使第一换电设备和第二换电设备处于一个相对密闭空间内，维持了第一换电设备和第二换电设备在使用过程中周围环境温度、湿度的稳定性，避免了外部环境对第一换电设备和第二换电设备的腐蚀或损坏，提高了其使用寿命。
同时，在电动汽车的左右两侧分别设置第一换电设备和第二换电设备，可以同时实现对左右两侧电池的更换，提高了换电效率，同时，将充电仓直接设于行车通道上方，第一换电设备和第二换电设备取出旧电池后，仅需移动较短的距离即可将旧电池放入位于行车通道上方的充电仓内进行充电，减少了第一换电设备和第二换电设备转运电池的时间，极大地提高了整个换电效率。
较佳地，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓的侧面具有与所述行车通道相通的开口，所述开口用于供所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备朝向所述行车通道内的电动汽车伸出进行电池包的更换。
在本技术方案中，开口用于供第一换电设备或第二换电设备朝向行车通道内的电动汽车伸出进行电池包的更换。为了提高第一换电设备或第二换电设备的使用寿命和环境稳定性，将第一换电设备或第二换电设备分别安装在相对密闭的第一换电仓或第二换电仓内，而为了对位于第一换电仓或第二换电仓外的电动汽车进行电池包的更换，在第一换电仓或第二换电仓的侧面设置开口，便于第一换电设备或第二换电设备与电动汽车上电池包的位置对准，提高了换电的精准度和换电效率。
较佳地，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓的侧面设有提升门装置，所述提升门装置用于控制所述开口的开闭，所述提升门装置包括门板和提升机构，所述提升机构用于驱动所述门板在所述开口的上下方向上移动，以打开或关闭所述开口。
在本技术方案中，通过设置提升门装置控制开口的开闭，在需要进行电池包的更换时将开口打开，在不需要进行电池包的更换时将开口关闭。为了维持第一换电仓或第二换电仓内环境温度、湿度的稳定性，在完成换电操作后，通过提升门装置将开口关闭，且门板只能在上下方向上移动，在开闭过程中不占用换电空间，司机不必担心车身被门板刮坏，提高了换电体验。
较佳地，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓的侧面具有面向所述行车通道的应急开口，所述应急开口供所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备将故障电池转移至所述第一换电仓或 所述第二换电仓外。
在本技术方案中，应急开口供第一换电设备或第二换电设备将故障电池转移至第一换电仓或所述第二换电仓外。
较佳地，所述应急开口上设有应急仓门，所述应急仓门用于打开或关闭所述应急开口，所述换电站还包括应急仓门控制器，所述应急仓门控制器与所述应急仓门电连接，所述仓门控制器能控制所述应急仓门自动开启。
在本技术方案中，通过设置仓门控制器控制应急仓门的开闭，在需要转移故障电池时将应急仓门打开，在不需要转移故障电池时将应急仓门关闭。
较佳地，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓内设有轨道，所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备在所述轨道上移动。
在本技术方案中，通过设置轨道，提供了第一换电设备或第二换电设备的移动轨迹。
较佳地，所述第一换电仓的轨道包括第一地轨，所述第一地轨位于所述第一换电仓的底面；
和/或，所述第二换电仓的轨道包括第二地轨，所述第二地轨位于所述第二换电仓的底面。
在本技术方案中，第一地轨、第二地轨便于将第一换电设备、第二换电设备安装于第一换电仓、第二换电仓内，同时限定了第一换电设备、第二换电设备的移动路径。
较佳地，所述第一换电仓的轨道包括第一天轨，所述第一天轨位于所述第一换电仓的顶部；
和/或，所述第二换电仓的轨道包括第二天轨，所述第二天轨位于所述第二换电仓的顶部。
在本技术方案中，由于需要在上层的充电仓和下层的第一换电仓、第二换电仓之间进行电池包的转运，第一换电设备、第二换电设备需设置较高的高度，为了提高第一换电设备、第二换电设备运动过程中的稳定性，在第一换电仓、第二换电仓的顶部分别设置第一天轨、第二天轨。
较佳地，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓的顶部设有顶部开口，所述顶部开口供所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备在所述充电仓和所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓之间进行电池包的转运。
在本技术方案中，顶部开口供第一换电设备或第二换电设备在充电仓和第一换电仓或第二换电仓之间进行电池包的转运。
较佳地，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓的端面设有通道门，所述通道门的下方具有 可拆卸门梁，所述通道门位于所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓内的轨道的端部。
在本技术方案中，通过设计可拆卸的门梁，解决了第一换电设备或第二换电仓的安装难题，可以方便地将第一换电设备或第二换电仓安装到第一换电仓或第二换电仓内。
较佳地，所述换电站还包括第一上换电仓和第二上换电仓，所述第一上换电仓位于所述第一换电仓的上方，所述第二上换电仓位于所述第二换电仓的上方，所述第一上换电仓、第二上换电仓位于所述充电仓的两侧。
在本技术方案中，通过设置第一上换电仓、第二上换电仓，可以将充电仓与第一换电仓、第二换电仓之间的开放空间封闭起来，使整个换电站形成一个较为封闭的空间，便于使换电站内的设备处于一个相对稳定的环境中，提高设备的使用寿命，以及电池包充放电过程中温度的稳定性。
较佳地，所述第一上换电仓与所述第一换电仓、充电仓相连接，和/或所述第二上换电仓与所述第二换电仓、充电仓相连接。
在本技术方案中，将第一上换电仓与第一换电仓、充电仓相连接，和/或第二上换电仓与第二换电仓、充电仓相连接，使换电站成为一个整体。
较佳地，所述第一上换电仓或第二上换电仓的底部设有底部开口，所述底部开口用于供所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备在所述充电仓和所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓之间进行电池包的转运。
在本技术方案中，底部开口用于供第一换电设备或第二换电设备在充电仓和第一换电仓或第二换电仓之间进行电池包的转运。
较佳地，所述第一上换电仓或第二上换电仓具有上部维修通道，所述上部维修通道围绕所述底部开口设置。
在本技术方案中，工作人员可以从上部维修通道进入第一上换电仓或第二上换电仓内，对第一上换电仓或第二上换电仓内的设施及充电仓内的设施、第一换电设备和第二换电设备进行维护。
较佳地，所述上部维修通道靠近所述底部开口的一侧设有安全围栏。
在本技术方案中，为了保证工作人员的安全，上部维修通道靠近底部开口的一侧设有安全围栏。
较佳地，所述充电仓的内部具有中心维修通道，所述充电仓面向所述第一上换电仓或第二上换电仓的侧面具有连通门，所述中心维修通道通过所述连通门与所述上部维修通道相连通。
在本技术方案中，通过上述方式，将第一上换电仓的上部维修通道、第二上换电仓 的上部维修通道、充电仓的中心维修通道相连通，使工作人员可以在第一上换电仓、第二上换电仓和充电仓之间相互走动。
较佳地，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓的顶部具有入口，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓内设有梯子，所述入口与所述上部维修通道相连通，所述梯子位于所述入口的下方。
在本技术方案中，通过上述方式，工作人员可以从梯子爬到上部维修通道上。
较佳地，所述换电站还包括维修阳台，所述维修阳台位于所述充电仓的外部，所述维修阳台与所述上部维修通道相连通。
在本技术方案中，通过上述方式，将第一上换电仓的上部维修通道、第二上换电仓的上部维修通道、维修阳台相连通，使工作人员可以在第一上换电仓、第二上换电仓之间相互走动。
较佳地，所述充电仓的侧面设有电池取放口，该电池取放口供所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备伸入并取放电池包。
在本技术方案中，充电仓的电池取放口供第一换电设备或第二换电设备伸入并取放电池包。
较佳地，所述换电站还包括第一上换电仓和第二上换电仓，所述第一上换电仓位于所述第一换电仓的上方，所述第二上换电仓位于所述第二换电仓的上方，所述第一上换电仓、第二上换电仓位于所述充电仓的两侧；所述第一上换电仓或第二上换电仓面向所述充电仓的一面设有侧部开口，所述侧部开口与所述充电仓的电池取放口相连通。
在本技术方案中，第一上换电仓、第二上换电仓的侧部开口与充电仓的电池取放口相连通，使第一换电设备、第二换电设备可以在该空间中移动，将电池包在充电仓和第一换电仓、第二换电仓之间转运。
较佳地，所述充电仓包括充电室和设置于所述充电室内的若干充电架，所述充电架用于放置所述电池包并对所述电池包进行充放电。
在本技术方案中，充电架用于放置电池包并对电池包进行充放电。
较佳地，所述若干充电架在所述充电室内排成两排，两排充电架分别位于所述充电室的两侧，两排充电架的中间为中心维修通道。
在本技术方案中，将中心维修通道设置于两排充电架的中间，方便了工作人员的维修作业。
较佳地，所述充电仓还包括液冷室和设置于所述液冷室内的液冷设备，所述液冷设备的液冷管路延伸至所述充电架上，所述液冷管路用于对位于充电架上的电池包进行冷却。
在本技术方案中，通过将液冷设备设置在独立的液冷室中，液冷室与充电室隔离开，使液冷设备运行中散发的热量不会影响到扩散到充电室中，保证了充电室的冷却效果，降低了充电室的温度控制难度。
较佳地，所述充电仓还包括设备室，所述设备室内放置有通风柜和/或充电机柜，所述通风柜的通风管路延伸至所述充电室内，所述充电机柜的充电线延伸至所述充电架上，所述充电线用于对位于充电架上的电池包进行充放电。
在本技术方案中，将通风柜、充电机柜等设备放置于独立的设备室，使通风柜、充电机柜运行中散发的热量不会影响到扩散到充电室中，保证了充电室的冷却效果，降低了充电室的温度控制难度。
较佳地，所述换电站还包括入口雨棚，所述入口雨棚安装在所述充电仓的端面，所述入口雨棚位于所述行车通道的入口的上方。
在本技术方案中，入口雨棚，用于在下雨时遮挡行车通道的入口，使雨水不会打入行车通道内。
较佳地，所述换电站还包括出口雨棚，所述出口雨棚安装在所述充电仓的端面，所述出口雨棚位于所述行车通道的出口的上方。
在本技术方案中，出口雨棚，用于在下雨时遮挡行车通道的出口，使雨水不会打入行车通道内。
较佳地，所述第一换电仓、第二换电仓和/或充电仓为集装箱。
在本技术方案中，将第一换电仓、第二换电仓和充电仓设计成集装箱的形式，安装简单，还可以在集装箱中将所需的设备预先安装好，可缩短换电站现场安装的时间。
较佳地，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓包括至少一个功能室，所述功能室为储藏室或休息室。
在本技术方案中，功能室提供了除换电以外的其它功能，满足了日常作业的需求。
较佳地，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓具有下部维修通道，所述下部维修通道的延伸方向平行于所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备的移动方向。
在本技术方案中，通过设置下部维修通道，使工作人员可以到达第一换电设备或第二换电设备所在的位置，便于工作人员的维修作业。
较佳地，所述换电站还包括第一顶部雨棚和第二顶部雨棚，所述第一顶部雨棚、第二顶部雨棚从所述充电仓的顶部向两侧延伸，所述第一顶部雨棚位于所述第一换电仓的上方，所述第二顶部雨棚位于所述第二换电仓的上方。
在本技术方案中，第一顶部雨棚、第二顶部雨棚，同样也可以起到遮盖第一换电仓、 第二换电仓和充电仓之间的开放空间的功能，且雨棚式的设计制造简单，安装方便，成本较低。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可任意组合，即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：
该换电站，通过将充电仓设置于行车通道的上方，第一换电仓、第二换电仓设置于行车通道的两侧，能满足两侧换电的电动汽车的换电需求，换电站的整体结构紧凑，占地面积小。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的换电站的结构示意图。
图2为图1所示的换电站的另一角度的结构示意图。
图3为图1所示的换电站的内部结构的示意图。
图4为图1所示的换电站的第一换电仓的结构示意图。
图5为图4所示的第一换电仓的另一角度的结构示意图。
图6为图4所示的第一换电仓的内部结构的示意图。
图7为图1所示的换电站的第二换电仓的结构示意图。
图8为图7所示的第二换电仓的另一角度的结构示意图。
图9为图7所示的第二换电仓的内部结构的示意图。
图10为图1所示的第一换电仓、第二换电仓的提升门装置的结构示意图。
图11为图1所示的换电站的充电仓的结构示意图。
图12为图11所示的充电仓的内部结构的示意图。
图13为图11所示的充电仓的内部结构的示意图。
图14为图1所示的换电站的第一上换电仓的结构示意图。
图15为图14所示的第一上换电仓的内部结构的示意图。
图16为图1所示的换电站的第二上换电仓的结构示意图。
图17为图16所示的第二上换电仓的内部结构的示意图。
图18为图1所示的换电站的内部结构的示意图。
图19为本发明实施例2的换电站的结构示意图。
图20为图19所示的换电站的内部结构的示意图。
图21为本发明实施例3的换电站的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
第一换电仓1，第一地轨101，第一天轨102，第二换电仓2，第二地轨201，第二天轨202，开口11，提升门装置12，门板121，提升机构122，提升带123，旋转辊124，驱动装置125，导轨126，应急开口13，应急仓门14，顶部开口15，通道门16，门梁17，下部维修通道18，休息室19，第一观察窗191，第一入室门192，空调外机193，储藏室21，第二观察窗211，第二入室门212，入口22，梯子23，充电仓3，电池取放口31，充电室32，充电架33，中心维修通道34，液冷室35，液冷设备36，设备室37，通风柜38，充电机柜39，连通门310，配电盒311，第一通风口312，第二通风口313，第三通风口314，第一换电设备4，第一底座41，第一框架42，第一换电盘43，第一支撑杆44，第二换电设备5，第二底座51，第二框架52，第二换电盘53，第二支撑杆54，行车通道6，第一上换电仓7，第二上换电仓8，底部开口71，上部维修通道72，安全围栏73，侧部开口74，维修阳台9，入口雨棚10，出口雨棚20，第一行走通道30，第二行走通道40，第一过渡门50，第二过渡门60，第三过渡门70，第一顶部雨棚80，第二顶部雨棚90，电动汽车100。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
实施例1
本发明提供一种换电站，用于对电动汽车上的电池包进行更换。如图1至图3所示，该换电站包括第一换电仓1、第二换电仓2、充电仓3、第一换电设备4和第二换电设备5，第一换电仓1和第二换电仓2之间形成行车通道6，行车通道6用于停放电动汽车100；充电仓3用于对从电动汽车100上更换下来的电池包进行充放电，充电仓3位于行车通道6的上方，充电仓3分别与第一换电仓1和第二换电仓2连接；第一换电设备4、第二换电设备5分别设于第一换电仓1、第二换电仓2内，第一换电设备4、第二换电设备5用于在充电仓3、行车通道6上的电动汽车100之间进行电池包的更换。
将充电仓3设置于行车通道6的上方，第一换电仓1、第二换电仓2设置于行车通道6的两侧，能满足两侧换电的电动汽车的换电需求，换电站的整体结构紧凑，占地面积小。
且将第一换电设备4和第二换电设备5安装于第一换电仓1、第二换电仓2内，使 第一换电设备4和第二换电设备5处于一个相对密闭空间内，维持了第一换电设备4和第二换电设备5在使用过程中周围环境温度、湿度的稳定性，避免了外部环境对第一换电设备4和第二换电设备5的腐蚀或损坏，提高了其使用寿命。
同时，在电动汽车的左右两侧分别设置第一换电设备4和第二换电设备5，可以同时实现对左右两侧电池的更换，提高了换电效率，同时，将充电仓3直接设于行车通道6上方，第一换电设备4和第二换电设备5取出旧电池后，仅需移动较短的距离即可将旧电池放入位于行车通道6上方的充电仓3内进行充电，减少了第一换电设备4和第二换电设备5转运电池的时间，极大地提高了整个换电效率。
为了提高第一换电设备4或第二换电设备5的使用寿命和环境稳定性，将第一换电设备4或第二换电设备5分别安装在相对密闭的第一换电仓1或第二换电仓2内，而为了对位于第一换电仓1或第二换电仓2外的电动汽车100进行电池包的更换，在第一换电仓1或第二换电仓2的侧面设置开口11，便于第一换电设备4或第二换电设备5与电动汽车100上电池包的位置对准，提高了换电的精准度和换电效率。
具体而言，如图3和图4、图8所示，第一换电仓1、第二换电仓2的侧面具有与行车通道6相通的开口11，第一换电仓1的开口11用于供第一换电设备4朝向行车通道6内的电动汽车100伸出进行电池包的更换，第二换电仓2的开口11用于供第二换电设备4朝向行车通道6内的电动汽车100伸出进行电池包的更换。
上述开口11的位置，根据换电站所针对的电动汽车的电池包的位置设置。在其他的实施例中，若电动汽车仅需单侧换电，也可以仅在第一换电仓1或第二换电仓2上设置开口11；若电动汽车一侧的电池包需要多个换电口，也可以在第一换电仓1或第二换电仓2上设置多个开口11。
为了维持第一换电仓1或第二换电仓2内环境温度、湿度的稳定性，在完成换电操作后，通过提升门装置12将开口11关闭，且门板121只能在上下方向上移动，在开闭过程中不占用换电空间，司机不必担心车身被门板121刮坏，提高了换电体验。如图10所示，上述第一换电仓1或第二换电仓2的侧面设有提升门装置12，提升门装置12用于控制开口11的开闭，提升门装置12包括门板121和提升机构122，提升机构122用于驱动门板121在开口11的上下方向上移动，以打开或关闭开口11。
具体而言，提升机构122包括提升带123、旋转辊124、驱动装置125和导轨126，导轨126竖向设置，门板121能在导轨126上移动，提升带123的一端固定于门板121，提升带123的另一端固定于旋转辊124，旋转辊124设置于门板121的上方并用于卷绕提升带123，驱动装置125用于驱动旋转辊124旋转。
当需要将开口11打开时，驱动装置125带动旋转辊124旋转，将提升带123卷起，使门板121沿导轨126向上移动至开口11的上方。当需要将开口11关闭时，驱动装置125带动旋转辊124旋转，将提升带123放下，使门板121沿导轨126向下移动，直至覆盖开口11。
如图4、图8所示，第一换电仓1或第二换电仓2的侧面具有面向行车通道6的应急开口13，第一换电仓1的应急开口13供第一换电设备4将故障电池转移至第一换电仓1外，第二换电仓2的应急开口13供第二换电设备5将故障电池转移至第二换电仓2外。
应急开口13上设有应急仓门14，应急仓门14用于打开或关闭应急开口13，换电站还包括应急仓门控制器，应急仓门控制器与应急仓门14电连接，仓门控制器能控制应急仓门14自动开启。
上述应急开口13的位置，根据换电站的实际需求设置，并不限定于本实施例所示的位置。应急开口13的数量，也可以根据实际需求进行调整。
如图3和图6所示，第一换电仓1内设有轨道，第一换电设备4在轨道上移动。具体而言，第一换电仓1的轨道包括第一地轨101和第一天轨102，第一地轨101位于第一换电仓1的底面，第一天轨102位于第一换电仓1的顶部。而，第一换电设备4包括第一底座41、第一框架42、第一换电盘43和第一支撑杆44，第一底座41固定在第一框架42的下方，第一支撑杆44固定在第一框架42的侧面，第一换电盘43位于第一框架42内并沿第一框架42升降。
其中，第一底座41位于第一地轨101上，第一底座41设有与第一地轨101配合的地轨滑动件，地轨滑动件为滑块或滑轮。第一支撑杆44与第一天轨102相接触，第一换电设备4整体能在第一地轨101、第一天轨102上移动，从而使第一换电设备4能沿水平方向移动。而，第一换电盘43位于第一框架42内，第一换电盘43沿第一框架42升降，上升至充电仓3的位置或下降至开口11的位置。
上述第一换电设备4的换电过程如下：
第一换电设备4在第一地轨101、第一天轨102上移动，使第一换电盘43与开口11沿竖直方向相对齐，第一换电盘43下降至与开口11沿水平方向相对齐，确定开口11处于打开的状态，第一换电盘43伸出将电动汽车100内的旧的电池包取出，第一换电盘43再缩回，此时，旧的电池包位于第一换电盘43上；
第一换电盘43上升至与充电仓3的空的放置位置沿水平方向相对齐，第一换电设备4在第一地轨101、第一天轨102上移动，使第一换电盘43与充电仓3的空的放置位置 沿竖直方向相对齐，第一换电盘43伸出至充电仓3内，将旧的电池包放置于该放置位置；
第一换电设备4在第一地轨101、第一天轨102上移动，第一换电盘43进行升降，直至第一换电盘43与新的电池包相对齐，第一换电盘43伸出至充电仓3内，将新的电池包取出；
第一换电设备4在第一地轨101、第一天轨102上移动，第一换电盘43下降，直至第一换电盘43与开口11相对齐，确定开口11处于打开的状态，第一换电盘43伸出将新的电池包安装到电动汽车100内后，第一换电盘43缩回，完成整个换电过程。
如图3和图9所示，第二换电仓2内设有轨道，第二换电设备5在轨道上移动。具体而言，第二换电仓2的轨道包括第二地轨201和第二天轨202，第二地轨201位于第二换电仓2的底面，第二天轨202位于第二换电仓2的顶部。而，第二换电设备5包括第二底座51、第二框架52、第二换电盘53和第二支撑杆54，第二底座51固定在第二框架52的下方，第二支撑杆54固定在第二框架52的侧面，第二换电盘53位于第二框架52内并沿第二框架52升降。
其中，第二底座51位于第二地轨201上，第二底座51设有与第二地轨201配合的地轨滑动件，地轨滑动件为滑块或滑轮。第二支撑杆54与第二天轨202相接触，第二换电设备5整体能在第二地轨201、第二天轨202上移动，从而使第二换电设备5能沿水平方向移动。而，第二换电盘53位于第二框架52内，第二换电盘53能沿第二框架52升降，上升至充电仓3的位置或下降至开口11的位置。
上述第二换电设备5的换电过程如下：
第二换电设备5在第二地轨201、第二天轨202上移动，使第二换电盘53与开口11沿竖直方向相对齐，第二换电盘53下降至与开口11沿水平方向相对齐，确定开口11处于打开的状态，第二换电盘53伸出将电动汽车100内的旧的电池包取出，第二换电盘53再缩回，此时，旧的电池包位于第二换电盘53上；
第二换电盘53上升至与充电仓3的空的放置位置沿水平方向相对齐，第二换电设备5在第二地轨201、第二天轨202上移动，使第二换电盘53与充电仓3的空的放置位置沿竖直方向相对齐，第二换电盘53伸出至充电仓3内，将旧的电池包放置于该放置位置；
第二换电设备5在第二地轨201、第二天轨202上移动，第二换电盘53进行升降，直至第二换电盘53与新的电池包相对齐，第二换电盘53伸出至充电仓3内，将新的电池包取出；
第二换电设备5在第二地轨201、第二天轨202上移动，第二换电盘53下降，直至第二换电盘53与开口11相对齐，确定开口11处于打开的状态，第二换电盘53伸出将 新的电池包安装到电动汽车100内后，第二换电盘53缩回，完成整个换电过程。
上述第一换电仓1内的轨道、第二换电仓2内的轨道，是根据第一换电设备4、第二换电设备5以及换电流程而设置的。在其他的实施例中，也可以根据第一换电设备4、第二换电设备5的不同结构，相应地设计第一换电仓1内的轨道、第二换电仓2内的轨道，并不限定于本实施例所述的轨道的设计。
如图3、图4至图9所示，为了使第一换电设备4或第二换电设备5能伸出至第一换电仓1或第二换电仓2的外部以完成电池仓3的电池包的取放，第一换电仓1或第二换电仓2的顶部设有顶部开口15，第一换电仓1的顶部开口15供第一换电设备4在充电仓3和第一换电仓1之间进行电池包的转运，第二换电仓2的顶部开口15供第二换电设备5在充电仓3和第二换电仓2之间进行电池包的转运。
如图5和图8所示，第一换电仓1或第二换电仓2的端面设有通道门16，通道门16的上方和下方具有可拆卸的门梁17，通道门16位于第一换电仓1或第二换电仓2内的轨道的端部。
当需要将第一换电设备4安装到第一换电仓1中时，可以将门梁17从通道门16上拆除，第一换电设备4推入第一换电仓1内并安装到轨道上，再将门梁17重新安装到通道门16上。通过设计可拆卸的门梁17，解决了第一换电设备4的安装难题，可以方便地将第一换电设备4安装到第一换电仓1中。同理，当要将第二换电设备5安装到第二换电仓2中时，可以将门梁17从通道门16上拆除，第二换电设备5推入第二换电仓2内并安装到轨道上，再将门梁17重新安装到通道门16上。通过设计可拆卸的门梁17，解决了第二换电设备5的安装难题，可以方便地将第二换电设备5安装到第二换电仓2中。
如图6、图9所示，第一换电仓1、第二换电仓2具有下部维修通道18，下部维修通道18的延伸方向平行于第一换电设备4或第二换电设备5的移动方向。如图6所示，第一换电仓1内的下部维修通道18，平行于第一地轨101设置；如图9所示，第二换电仓2内的下部维修通道18，平行于第二地轨201设置。通过设置下部维修通道18，使工作人员可以到达第一换电设备4或第二换电设备5所在的位置，便于工作人员的维修作业。下部维修通道18与通道门16相连通，即工作人员可以打开通道门16后进入下部维修通道18。
如图6所示，第一换电仓1包括一个休息室19，该休息室19的内部可以放置饮水机、桌椅、电脑、空调等工作人员所需的物品。休息室19设有第一观察窗191和第一入室门192，工作人员可通过第一观察窗191观察到外部的情况，工作人员还可通过第一入室门192进入休息室19中。休息室19最好设置于第一换电仓1靠近行车通道6的入口 的一端，使第一观察窗191位于第一换电仓1的端部，使位于休息室19中的工作人员可以时刻观察到行车通道6的入口的情况；而第一入室门192最好位于第一换电仓1面向行车通道6的一侧，使休息室19中的工作人员可以方便地从第一入室门192走到行车通道6上，便于工作人员对电动汽车的换电过程进行监控。休息室19内的空调的空调外机193可以挂在第一换电仓1远离行车通道6的一侧，该空调外机193不影响换电站的换电作业。
如图9所示，第二换电仓2包括储藏室21，该储藏室21内可以放置日常维护所需的物资。储藏室21设有第二观察窗211和第二入室门212，工作人员在储藏室21内可通过第二观察窗211观察到外部的情况，工作人员还可从外部通过第二观察窗211观察到储藏室21内部的情况，工作人员可通过第二入室门212进入储藏室21中。储藏室21最好设置于第二换电仓2靠近行车通道6的入口的一端，使第二观察窗211位于第二换电仓2的端部，使位于储藏室21中的工作人员可以时刻观察到行车通道6的入口的情况；而第二入室门212最好位于第二换电仓2面向行车通道6的一侧，使储藏室21中的工作人员可以方便地从第二入室门212走到行车通道6上，便于工作人员对电动汽车的换电过程进行监控。
除了休息室19、储藏室21以外，还可以根据实际需要设置具有其它功能的功能室。休息室19、储藏室21的设置，也不限定于上述位置，可根据实际需要灵活设置。
如图3、图11至图13所示，充电仓3的侧面设有电池取放口31，该电池取放口31供第一换电设备4或第二换电设备5伸入并取放电池包。
如图11至图13所示，充电仓3包括充电室32和设置于充电室32内的若干充电架33，充电架33用于放置电池包并对电池包进行充放电。充电架33面向电池取放口31设置，第一换电设备4、第二换电设备5可以从电池取放口31伸入并从充电架33上取走电池包或将电池包放到充电架33上。
其中，若干充电架33在充电室32内排成两排，两排充电架33分别位于充电室32的两侧，两排充电架33的中间形成中心维修通道34。两排充电架33分别对应两个电池取放口31，分别供第一换电设备4、第二换电设备5伸入并取放电池包。
如图12至图13所示，为了控制充电架33的电池包的温度，充电仓3还包括液冷室35和设置于液冷室35内的液冷设备36，液冷设备36的液冷管路延伸至充电架33上，液冷管路用于对位于充电架33上的电池包进行冷却。通过将液冷设备36设置在独立的液冷室35中，液冷室35与充电室32隔离开，使液冷设备36运行中散发的热量不会影响到扩散到充电室32中，保证了充电室32的冷却效果，降低了充电室32的温度控制难 度。
如图12至图13所示，该充电仓3还包括设备室37，设备室37内放置有通风柜38、充电机柜39，通风柜38的通风管路延伸至充电室32内，对充电室32的内部空间进行通风；充电机柜39的充电线延伸至充电架33上，充电线用于对位于充电架33上的电池包进行充放电。
充电架33上安装有配电盒311，配电盒311与充电线相连接，配电盒311用于控制电池包的充放电。而，通风柜38的通风管路从设备室37、充电室32和液冷室35的上方经过，对设备室37、充电室32和液冷室35的空气进行通风。相对应的，通风柜38的通风管路设有三个通风口，第一通风口312位于设备室37的上方，第二通风口313位于充电室32的上方，第三通风口314位于液冷室35的上方。
将通风柜38、充电机柜39等设备放置于独立的设备室37，使通风柜38、充电机柜39运行中散发的热量不会影响到扩散到充电室32中，保证了充电室32的冷却效果，降低了充电室32的温度控制难度。设备室37内还可以根据需要放置其它设备，并不限定于本实施例所示的通风柜38、充电机柜39。
如图1至图3所示，在充电仓3与第一换电仓1、第二换电仓2之间还具有一部分开放空间，为了使整个换电站形成一个较为封闭的空间，换电站还包括第一上换电仓7和第二上换电仓8，第一上换电仓7位于第一换电仓1的上方，第二上换电仓8位于第二换电仓2的上方，第一上换电仓7、第二上换电仓8位于充电仓3的两侧。
其中，第一上换电仓7与第一换电仓1、充电仓3相连接，第二上换电仓8与第二换电仓2、充电仓3相连接。第一换电仓1、第二换电仓2、充电仓3、第一上换电仓7和第二上换电仓8可以为集装箱，通过将相邻集装箱的支脚相互连接即可完成换电站的安装。将第一换电仓1、第二换电仓2、充电仓3、第一上换电仓7和第二上换电仓8设计成集装箱的形式，还可以在集装箱中将所需的设备预先安装好，可缩短换电站现场安装的时间。
如图3、图14至图17所示，第一上换电仓7或第二上换电仓8的底部设有底部开口71，第一上换电仓7的底部开口71用于供第一换电设备4在充电仓3和第一换电仓1之间进行电池包的转运，第二上换电仓8的底部开口71用于供第二换电设备5在充电仓3和第二换电仓2之间进行电池包的转运。第一上换电仓7或第二上换电仓8面向充电仓3的一面设有侧部开口74，侧部开口74与充电仓3的电池取放口31相连通。
具体而言，如图3所示，第一换电仓1的顶部开口15与第一上换电仓7的底部开口71相连通，第一上换电仓7的侧部开口74还与充电仓3的电池取放口31相连通，使第 一换电仓1、第一上换电仓7和充电仓3之间形成相连通的空间，第一换电设备4可以在该空间中移动，将电池包在充电仓3和第一换电仓1之间转运。
而，第二换电仓2的顶部开口15与第二上换电仓8的底部开口71相连通，第二上换电仓8的侧部开口74还与充电仓3的电池取放口31相连通，使第二换电仓2、第二上换电仓8和充电仓3之间形成相连通的空间，第二换电设备5可以在该空间中移动，将电池包在充电仓3和第二换电仓2之间转运。
如图14至图17所示，第一上换电仓7或第二上换电仓8具有上部维修通道72，上部维修通道72围绕底部开口71设置。工作人员可以从上部维修通道72进入第一上换电仓7或第二上换电仓8内，对第一上换电仓7或第二上换电仓8内的设施及充电仓3内的设施、第一换电设备4和第二换电设备5进行维护。为了保证工作人员的安全，上部维修通道72靠近底部开口71的一侧设有安全围栏73。
第一上换电仓7、第二上换电仓8和充电仓3内的维修通道可以连在一起，如图18所示。充电仓3面向第一上换电仓7、第二上换电仓8的侧面具有连通门310，中心维修通道34穿过设备室37、连通门310与上部维修通道72相连通。换电站还包括维修阳台9，维修阳台9位于充电仓3的外部，维修阳台9与第一上换电仓7、第二上换电仓8的上部维修通道72相连通。通过上述方式，将第一上换电仓7的上部维修通道72、第二上换电仓8的上部维修通道72、充电仓3的中心维修通道34和维修阳台9相连通，使工作人员可以在第一上换电仓7、第二上换电仓8和充电仓3之间相互走动。
如图9所示，第二换电仓2的储藏室21的顶部具有入口22，储藏室21内设有梯子23，入口22与上部维修通道72相连通，梯子23位于入口22的下方，工作人员可以从梯子23爬到上部维修通道72上。入口22、梯子23，也可以根据需求设置于其它位置，并不限定设置于储藏室21。
如图1所示，该换电站还包括入口雨棚10，入口雨棚10安装在充电仓3的端面，入口雨棚10位于行车通道6的入口的上方。入口雨棚10，用于在下雨时遮挡行车通道6的入口，使雨水不会打入行车通道6内。
实施例2
实施例2的换电站的结构与实施例1大致相同，不同之处在于：
如图19至图20所示，该换电站还包括出口雨棚20，出口雨棚20安装在充电仓3的端面，出口雨棚20位于行车通道6的出口的上方。出口雨棚20，用于在下雨时遮挡行车通道6的出口，使雨水不会打入行车通道6内。
该换电站还可以不设置维修阳台，而将入口雨棚10的上方设置成第一行走通道30，将出口雨棚20的上方设置成第二行走通道40，第一行走通道30、第二行走通道40延伸至充电仓3、第一上换电仓7和第二上换电仓8。第一上换电仓7的上部维修通道72与第一行走通道30、第二行走通道40之间设有第一过渡门50，第二上换电仓8的上部维修通道72与第一行走通道30、第二行走通道40之间设有第二过渡门60，第一行走通道30与充电仓3的设备室37之间设有第三过渡门70，充电仓3的设备室37与中心维修通道34相连通。
通过上述设置，将第一上换电仓7的上部维修通道72、第一行走通道30、第二上换电仓8的上部维修通道72、第二行走通道40相连通形成环形维修通道，使工作人员可以在该环形维修通道上走动，使工作人员可以在第一上换电仓7、第二上换电仓8之间相互走动；而充电仓3的中心维修通道34与第一行走通道30相连通，使工作人员可以从第一行走通道30走到充电仓3的中心维修通道34。
实施例3
实施例3的换电站的结构与实施例1大致相同，不同之处在于：
如图21所示，该换电站使用第一顶部雨棚80代替实施例1中的第一上换电仓7，使用第二顶部雨棚90代替实施例1中的第二上换电仓8，第一顶部雨棚80、第二顶部雨棚90从充电仓3的顶部向两侧延伸，第一顶部雨棚80位于第一换电仓1的上方，第二顶部雨棚90位于第二换电仓2的上方。
第一顶部雨棚80、第二顶部雨棚90，同样也可以起到遮盖第一换电仓1、第二换电仓2和充电仓3之间的开放空间的功能，且雨棚式的设计制造简单，安装方便，成本较低。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种换电站，用于对电动汽车上的电池包进行更换，其特征在于，所述换电站包括：
    第一换电仓、第二换电仓，所述第一换电仓和所述第二换电仓之间形成行车通道，所述行车通道用于停放电动汽车；
    充电仓，用于对从电动汽车上更换下来的电池包进行充放电，所述充电仓位于所述行车通道的上方，所述充电仓分别与所述第一换电仓和第二换电仓连接；
    第一换电设备和第二换电设备，分别设于所述第一换电仓、第二换电仓内，所述第一换电设备、第二换电设备用于在所述充电仓、所述行车通道上的电动汽车之间进行电池包的更换。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓的侧面具有与所述行车通道相通的开口，所述开口用于供所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备朝向所述行车通道内的电动汽车伸出进行电池包的更换；
    优选地，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓的侧面设有提升门装置，所述提升门装置用于控制所述开口的开闭，所述提升门装置包括门板和提升机构，所述提升机构用于驱动所述门板在所述开口的上下方向上移动，以打开或关闭所述开口。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓的侧面具有面向所述行车通道的应急开口，所述应急开口供所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备将故障电池转移至所述第一换电仓或所述第二换电仓外；
    优选地，所述应急开口上设有应急仓门，所述应急仓门用于打开或关闭所述应急开口，所述换电站还包括应急仓门控制器，所述应急仓门控制器与所述应急仓门电连接，所述仓门控制器能控制所述应急仓门自动开启。
  4. 如权利要求1-3中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓内设有轨道，所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备在所述轨道上移动。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一换电仓的轨道包括第一地轨，所述第一地轨位于所述第一换电仓的底面；
    和/或，所述第二换电仓的轨道包括第二地轨，所述第二地轨位于所述第二换电仓的底面；
  6. 如权利要求5所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一换电仓的轨道包括第一天轨，所述第一天轨位于所述第一换电仓的顶部；
    和/或，所述第二换电仓的轨道包括第二天轨，所述第二天轨位于所述第二换电仓的 顶部。
  7. 如权利要求1-6中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓的顶部设有顶部开口，所述顶部开口供所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备在所述充电仓和所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓之间进行电池包的转运；
    和/或，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓的端面设有通道门，所述通道门的下方具有可拆卸门梁，所述通道门位于所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓内的轨道的端部。
  8. 如权利要求1-7中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述换电站还包括第一上换电仓和第二上换电仓，所述第一上换电仓位于所述第一换电仓的上方，所述第二上换电仓位于所述第二换电仓的上方，所述第一上换电仓、第二上换电仓位于所述充电仓的两侧；
    优选地，所述第一上换电仓与所述第一换电仓、充电仓相连接，和/或所述第二上换电仓与所述第二换电仓、充电仓相连接；
    优选地，所述第一上换电仓或第二上换电仓的底部设有底部开口，所述底部开口用于供所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备在所述充电仓和所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓之间进行电池包的转运。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一上换电仓或第二上换电仓具有上部维修通道，所述上部维修通道围绕所述底部开口设置；
    优选地，所述上部维修通道靠近所述底部开口的一侧设有安全围栏。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述充电仓的内部具有中心维修通道，所述充电仓面向所述第一上换电仓或第二上换电仓的侧面具有连通门，所述中心维修通道通过所述连通门与所述上部维修通道相连通；
    优选地，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓的顶部具有入口，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓内设有梯子，所述入口与所述上部维修通道相连通，所述梯子位于所述入口的下方。
  11. 如权利要求9或10所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述换电站还包括维修阳台，所述维修阳台位于所述充电仓的外部，所述维修阳台与所述上部维修通道相连通。
  12. 如权利要求1-11中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述充电仓的侧面设有电池取放口，该电池取放口供所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备伸入并取放电池包；
    优选地，所述换电站还包括第一上换电仓和第二上换电仓，所述第一上换电仓位于所述第一换电仓的上方，所述第二上换电仓位于所述第二换电仓的上方，所述第一上换电仓、第二上换电仓位于所述充电仓的两侧；所述第一上换电仓或第二上换电仓面向所述充电仓的一面设有侧部开口，所述侧部开口与所述充电仓的电池取放口相连通。
  13. 如权利要求1-12中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述充电仓包括充电室和设置于所述充电室内的若干充电架，所述充电架用于放置所述电池包并对所述电池包进行充放电；
    优选地，所述若干充电架在所述充电室内排成两排，两排充电架分别位于所述充电室的两侧，两排充电架的中间为中心维修通道。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述充电仓还包括液冷室和设置于所述液冷室内的液冷设备，所述液冷设备的液冷管路延伸至所述充电架上，所述液冷管路用于对位于充电架上的电池包进行冷却。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述充电仓还包括设备室，所述设备室内放置有通风柜和/或充电机柜，所述通风柜的通风管路延伸至所述充电室内，所述充电机柜的充电线延伸至所述充电架上，所述充电线用于对位于充电架上的电池包进行充放电。
  16. 如权利要求1-15中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述换电站还包括入口雨棚，所述入口雨棚安装在所述充电仓的端面，所述入口雨棚位于所述行车通道的入口的上方；
    和/或，所述换电站还包括出口雨棚，所述出口雨棚安装在所述充电仓的端面，所述出口雨棚位于所述行车通道的出口的上方。
  17. 如权利要求1-16中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一换电仓、第二换电仓和/或充电仓为集装箱。
  18. 如权利要求1-17中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓包括至少一个功能室，所述功能室为储藏室或休息室。
  19. 如权利要求1-18中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一换电仓或第二换电仓具有下部维修通道，所述下部维修通道的延伸方向平行于所述第一换电设备或第二换电设备的移动方向。
  20. 如权利要求1-19中至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述换电站还包括第一顶部雨棚和第二顶部雨棚，所述第一顶部雨棚、第二顶部雨棚从所述充电仓的顶部向两侧延伸，所述第一顶部雨棚位于所述第一换电仓的上方，所述第二顶部雨棚位于所述第二换电仓的上方。
PCT/CN2021/093937 2020-05-15 2021-05-14 换电站 WO2021228251A1 (zh)

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