WO2021227728A1 - 极片、卷绕式电池电芯和电池 - Google Patents

极片、卷绕式电池电芯和电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021227728A1
WO2021227728A1 PCT/CN2021/086146 CN2021086146W WO2021227728A1 WO 2021227728 A1 WO2021227728 A1 WO 2021227728A1 CN 2021086146 W CN2021086146 W CN 2021086146W WO 2021227728 A1 WO2021227728 A1 WO 2021227728A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
buffer
wall surface
pole piece
current collector
active material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/086146
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜新军
张剑
雷磊
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to JP2022567798A priority Critical patent/JP7454705B2/ja
Priority to KR1020227042977A priority patent/KR20230007504A/ko
Priority to EP21805331.2A priority patent/EP4148814A4/en
Publication of WO2021227728A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021227728A1/zh
Priority to US17/977,821 priority patent/US20230048047A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
    • H01M4/0435—Rolling or calendering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72—Grids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a pole piece, a wound battery cell and a battery.
  • the battery pole piece includes a current collector and an active material coated on the surface of the current collector.
  • the current collector is generally aluminum foil or copper foil.
  • the pole pieces In the current production process of battery pole pieces, in order to obtain pole pieces that meet the design parameters, the pole pieces must be rolled. However, during the rolling process, the active material needs to be compacted. At the same time, the active material will squeeze the foil, which will eventually cause the foil to have a certain degree of ductility. Since there is no expansion in the position where the active material layer is not coated, the edges of the foil will be waved in appearance due to the difference in ductility at the position where there is active material and where there is no active material. Wrinkles will affect the welding strength of the tabs, leading to poor welding or increasing the resistance of the battery.
  • the battery heats up quickly during charging and discharging, and the cycle life decays faster.
  • the active material is also easier to fall off, causing the pole piece to expose the foil.
  • the phenomenon of lithium evolution is more likely to occur due to the small polarization.
  • the present disclosure provides a pole piece, a wound battery cell and a battery, which can solve the problems of battery pole piece exposed foil, short cycle life of the cell and fast battery heating caused by the wrinkling of the current collector during the pole piece rolling process .
  • the present disclosure provides a pole piece including a current collector and a first active material layer coated on the surface of the current collector, the first active material layer including a main body part and a first buffer part connected to each other ,
  • the main body includes a first inner surface and an outer surface opposite to each other, the first inner surface is attached to the current collector, the outer surface is parallel to the first inner surface, and the outer surface is The vertical distance of the first inner surface is the first thickness, and the first thickness is set in the range of 50-200 ⁇ m;
  • the first buffer part is provided with a first groove for setting the tabs, and the first buffer part includes a first Two inner surfaces, a buffer surface and an inner wall surface enclosing the first groove, the second inner surface coincides with the first inner surface, one end of the buffer surface is connected to the outer surface, the buffer surface The other end is connected to the inner wall surface, the vertical distance from the intersection of the buffer surface and the inner wall surface to the second inner surface is a second thickness, and the second thickness is smaller than the first
  • the buffer surface includes a curved surface, a sloped surface, a stepped surface, a combination of a curved surface and a sloped surface, a combination of a curved surface and a stepped surface, a combination of a sloped surface and a stepped surface, and three surface types of curved surface, stepped surface and sloped surface. Any combination.
  • the vertical distance from any point on the buffer surface to the second inner surface is less than the first thickness
  • the inner wall surface of the first buffer portion includes a first wall surface, a second wall surface, and a third wall surface.
  • the first wall surface is opposite to the second wall surface, and the third wall surface is connected to the first wall surface.
  • a wall surface and the second wall surface are provided with the buffer surface at a corresponding position of at least one of the first wall surface, the second wall surface and the third wall surface.
  • the buffer part and the main body part are an integral structure.
  • the pole piece further includes a second active material layer disposed on the other side of the current collector opposite to the first active material layer, and the second active material layer
  • the active material layer is provided with a second buffer portion
  • the second buffer portion is provided with a second groove
  • the structure of the second buffer portion is the same as that of the first buffer portion.
  • the first buffer part and the second buffer part are arranged directly opposite or staggered.
  • the current collector includes opposite first and second sides, and the first groove extends from the first side to the second side; the first The two grooves extend from the first side to the second side, or the second grooves extend from the second side to the first side.
  • the present disclosure also provides a wound battery cell, including an isolation film and the pole piece according to any one of the various embodiments of the first aspect, and the pole piece is arranged between the two pole pieces. Mentioned isolation membrane.
  • the present disclosure provides a battery including the wound battery cell as described in the second aspect.
  • the pressure on the first buffer part in the rolling process is reduced, the pressure of the first buffer part on the current collector is reduced, the elongation of the current collector is reduced, and the degree of wrinkling of the current collector is reduced or even eliminated.
  • the effect of wrinkles, the reduction of the wrinkle phenomenon of the current collector can reduce the risk of the active material falling off and eventually cause the exposed foil, improve the cycle life of the battery cell, and slow down the heating speed of the battery.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery structure according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wound battery cell according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a pole piece according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 24 is a schematic diagram of a battery structure according to an embodiment.
  • Battery 100 battery case K, wound battery cell J, battery upper cover G, boss T1, cylindrical boss T2, electrolyte injection port D, isolation membrane 3, pole piece 1/2, current collector 10,
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a battery 100.
  • the battery 100 includes a battery casing K, a wound battery cell J placed in the battery casing K, and a battery upper cover G.
  • the wound battery cell J is provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, and the specific structure will be described later.
  • the battery case K can be a cylinder with an open upper end.
  • the bottom of the inner wall of the cylinder is electrically connected to the current collector plate of the negative plate of the wound battery cell J.
  • a boss T1 is provided in the middle of the outer bottom to connect the negative electrode of the battery to the external device.
  • the battery upper cover G is a disc-shaped cover that matches the battery case K.
  • the battery 100 with this structure generates less heat during charging and discharging, and has a slow attenuation rate for recycling, which can make the battery 100 have a longer service life.
  • the wrinkle phenomenon of the pole pieces is reduced, or even no wrinkles, and the resistance of the battery 100 can be reduced, so that the heating of the battery 100 is slowed down, and the active material layer of the pole pieces can also be reduced. Falling off causes the current collector to be exposed and prolongs the service life of the battery 100.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wound battery cell J.
  • the wound battery cell J includes an isolation film 3 and the pole piece 1 and pole piece 2 provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 1 and pole piece 2 can be a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
  • the separator 3 is usually a polymer material with nano-scale micropores. It is arranged between the pole piece 1 and the pole piece 2 to separate the two pole pieces. Avoid short circuit problems caused by the contact between the positive and negative electrodes, and at the same time allow electrolyte ions to pass through.
  • the pole piece 1, the isolation film 3 and the pole piece 2 are arranged in layers, and are wound by a special winding machine to form a wound battery cell J. By using the pole piece provided by the present disclosure, the wrinkle phenomenon of the pole piece is reduced, even without wrinkles, the active material layer of the pole piece can be reduced, and the attenuation speed of the recycling of the battery core can be reduced.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a pole piece, which includes a current collector 10 and a first active material layer 11 coated on the surface of the current collector 10.
  • the current collector 10 is usually aluminum foil or copper foil, and the first active material layer 11 mainly includes active materials, conductive agents, and adhesives.
  • the first active material layer 11 includes a main body portion U and a first buffer portion V1 connected to each other.
  • the main body portion U includes a first inner surface N1 and an outer surface W opposite to each other.
  • the first inner surface N1 is attached to the current collector 10, and the outer The surface W is parallel to the first inner surface N1, and the vertical distance between the outer surface W and the first inner surface N1 is the first thickness H1.
  • the setting range of the first thickness H1 is 50 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the first buffer portion V1 is provided with a first groove C1.
  • the first buffer portion V1 includes a second inner surface N2, a buffer surface S, and an inner wall surface B surrounding the first groove C1.
  • Two inner surfaces N2 coincide with the first inner surface N1, one end of the buffer surface S is connected to the outer surface W, the other end of the buffer surface S is connected to the inner wall surface B, and the intersection of the buffer surface S and the inner wall surface B connects to the second inner surface
  • the vertical distance of the surface N2 is the second thickness H2, and the second thickness H2 is smaller than the first thickness H1.
  • the second thickness setting range may be 20 to 180 ⁇ m.
  • the buffer surface S By setting the buffer surface S, during the rolling process, when the pole piece passes the pressure roller Y, the pressure on the first buffer portion V1 becomes smaller, and the pressure of the first buffer portion V1 on the current collector 10 becomes smaller, and the current collector 10 The elongation of the current collector is reduced, and the effect of reducing the wrinkle of the current collector 10 or even without wrinkles is realized.
  • the reduction of the wrinkle phenomenon of the current collector 10 can reduce the risk of the active material falling off and eventually cause the exposed foil, improve the cycle life of the battery, and slow down The heating speed of the battery 100.
  • the first buffer portion V1 and the main body U are an integrated structure manufactured by an integral molding process, which is simple in process and easy to manufacture. In other embodiments, the first buffer portion V1 and the main body U can also be manufactured separately and then connected together.
  • the buffer surface S between the outer surface W and the inner wall surface B is a curved surface.
  • the pressure roller Y transitions from the outer surface W of the current collector 10 to the buffer surface S through the buffer surface S.
  • the pressure reaching the periphery of the first groove C1 is reduced, the pressure on the current collector 10 is reduced, the elongation rate is correspondingly reduced, and the degree of wrinkling is reduced.
  • the buffer surface S between the outer surface W and the inner wall surface B is an inclined surface
  • the buffer surface S is set to be an inclined surface to make the pressing roller Y and the first buffer surface during the rolling process
  • the contact area between the parts V1 changes uniformly, and the force on the current collector 10 changes uniformly, which further reduces the possibility of wrinkles in the current collector 10.
  • the buffer surface S between the outer surface W and the inner wall surface B is a stepped surface, and the buffer surface S causes the pressure roller Y to pass through the first buffer portion At V1, the pressure received by the current collector 10 is reduced, and the elongation of the current collector 10 is correspondingly reduced, achieving the purpose of reducing the occurrence of wrinkles.
  • the buffer surface S between the outer surface W and the inner wall surface B is a combination of a curved surface and an inclined surface.
  • the buffer surface S between the outer surface W and the inner wall surface B is a combination of a curved surface and a stepped surface.
  • the buffer surface S between the outer surface W and the inner wall surface B is a combination of an inclined surface and a stepped surface.
  • the buffer surface S between the outer surface W and the inner wall surface B is a combination of three surface types: a curved surface, an inclined surface, and a stepped surface.
  • the vertical distance from any point on the buffer surface S to the second inner surface N2 is less than the first thickness H1, and the height of the entire buffer surface S from the current collector 10 is greater than that of the outer surface W. Low, which can ensure that the pressure on the current collector 10 facing the buffer surface S is smaller, so that the surface of the current collector 10 has fewer wrinkles after rolling.
  • the inner wall surface B of the first buffer portion V1 includes a first wall surface B1, a second wall surface B2, and a third wall surface B3.
  • the first wall surface B1 is opposite to the second wall surface B2, and the third wall surface B3 connects the first wall surface B1 and the second wall surface B2.
  • a buffer surface S is provided at a corresponding position on at least one of the first wall surface B1, the second wall surface B2, and the third wall surface B3.
  • the first wall surface B1 is provided with a buffer surface S, and the second wall surface B2 and the third wall surface B3 are not provided with a buffer surface.
  • the buffer surface S is a stepped surface. In other embodiments, the buffer surface S may also be the aforementioned other types of surfaces.
  • the second wall surface B2 is provided with a buffer surface S, and the first wall surface B1 and the third wall surface B3 are not provided with a buffer surface.
  • the buffer surface S is a stepped surface. In other embodiments, the buffer surface S may also be the aforementioned other types of surfaces.
  • the third wall surface B3 is provided with a buffer surface S, and the first wall surface B1 and the second wall surface B2 are not provided with a buffer surface.
  • the buffer surface S is a stepped surface. In other embodiments, the buffer surface S may also be the aforementioned other types of surfaces.
  • the first wall surface B1 and the second wall surface B2 are provided with a buffer surface S, and the third wall surface B3 is not provided with a buffer surface.
  • the buffer surface S is a stepped surface. In other embodiments, the buffer surface S may also be the aforementioned other types of surfaces.
  • the first wall surface B1 and the third wall surface B3 are provided with a buffer surface S, and the second wall surface B2 is not provided with a buffer surface.
  • the buffer surface S is a stepped surface. In other embodiments, the buffer surface S may also be the aforementioned other types of surfaces.
  • the second wall surface B2 and the third wall surface B3 are provided with a buffer surface S, and the first wall surface B1 is not provided with a buffer surface.
  • the buffer surface S is a stepped surface. In other embodiments, the buffer surface S may also be the aforementioned other types of surfaces.
  • the first wall surface B1, the second wall surface B2, and the third wall surface B3 are provided with a buffer surface S at the same time.
  • the buffer surface S is a stepped surface.
  • the buffer surface S may also be the aforementioned other types of surfaces. The best solution can be obtained according to the selection of different inner wall surfaces to set the buffer surface S, so as to reduce the wrinkles of the current collector 10 to the greatest extent.
  • the pole piece further includes a second active material layer 12, the second active material layer 12 is provided on the other side of the current collector 10 opposite to the first active material layer 11, the second active material layer 12 is provided with a Two buffer portions V2, the second buffer portion V2 is provided with a second groove C2, and the structure of the second buffer portion V2 is the same as the structure of the first buffer portion V1.
  • the first buffer portion V1 and the second buffer portion V2 are arranged opposite to each other.
  • the first buffer portion V1 and the second buffer portion V2 are staggered.
  • the current collector 10 includes a first side 5 and a second side 6 opposite to each other.
  • the first groove C1 extends from the first side 5 to the second side 6.
  • the second groove C2 also extends from the first side 5 to the second side. 6 Extension.
  • the first groove C1 extends from the first side 5 to the second side 6, on the contrary, the second groove C2 extends from the second side 6 to the first side Extend in the direction of 5.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种极片、卷绕式电池电芯(J)和电池(100)，极片包括集流体(10)和涂覆在集流体表面的第一活性物质层(11)，第一活性物质层包括互相连接的主体部(U)和第一缓冲部(V1)，主体部包括相背的第一内表面(N1)和外表面(W)，外表面与第一内表面的垂直距离为第一厚度(H1)；第一缓冲部包括围合第一凹槽的内壁面(B)、第二内表面(N2)和缓冲面(S)，缓冲面与内壁面连接的交线到第二内表面的垂直距离为第二厚度(H2)，第二厚度小于第一厚度。通过设置缓冲面减小辊压时第一缓冲部的压力，减小集流体的延伸率，进而减轻集流体打皱程度。

Description

极片、卷绕式电池电芯和电池
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开基于申请号为202020758543.0，申请日为2020年5月09日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本公开作为参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及电池领域，尤其涉及一种极片、卷绕式电池电芯和电池。
背景技术
电池极片包括集流体和涂覆在集流体表面的活性物质，集流体一般为铝箔或者铜箔。在当前的电池极片生产过程中，为了获得符合设计参数的极片，必须对极片进行辊压。然而在进行辊压工序的过程中，需要对活性物质进行压实，同时活性物质会对箔片产生挤压，最终导致箔片产生一定的延展性。由于没有涂覆活性物质层的位置没有发生延展，因此在有活性物质和没有活性物质的位置会因为延展性不一在外观上形成箔材边缘波浪，严重时甚至产生褶皱，极片凹槽处打皱会影响极耳焊接强度，导致焊接不良或者增大了电池的电阻，电池充放电过程中发热快，循环寿命衰减加快。凹槽与活性物质相接处，活性物质也更容易脱落，造成极片露箔，对于负极片露箔的地方，由于极化小，更容易发生析锂现象。
发明内容
本公开提供一种极片、卷绕式电池电芯和电池，可解决极片辊压过程中由于集流体打皱引起的电池极片露箔、电芯循环使用寿命短和电池发热快等问题。
为实现本公开的目的，本公开提供了如下的技术方案：
第一方面，本公开提供了一种极片，包括集流体和涂覆在所述集流体表面的第一活性物质层，所述第一活性物质层包括互相连接的主体部和第一缓冲部，所述主体部包括相背的第一内表面和外表面，所述第一内表面与所述集流体贴合，所述外表面与所述第一内表面平行，所述外表面与所述第一内表面的垂直距离为第一厚度，第一厚度设置范 围为50～200μm；所述第一缓冲部开设有第一凹槽，用于设置极耳，所述第一缓冲部包括第二内表面、缓冲面和围合所述第一凹槽的内壁面，所述第二内表面与所述第一内表面重合，所述缓冲面的一端连接所述外表面，所述缓冲面的另一端连接所述内壁面，所述缓冲面与所述内壁面连接的交线到所述第二内表面的垂直距离为第二厚度，所述第二厚度小于所述第一厚度，第二厚度设置范围可以为20～180μm。
一种实施方式中，所述缓冲面包括曲面、斜面、阶梯状表面、曲面与斜面的组合、曲面与阶梯面的组合、斜面与阶梯面的组合以及曲面与阶梯面与斜面三种面型的组合的任意一种。
一种实施方式中，所述缓冲面上的任意一点到所述第二内表面的垂直距离小于所述第一厚度。
一种实施方式中，所述第一缓冲部的内壁面包括第一壁面、第二壁面和第三壁面，所述第一壁面与所述第二壁面相对，所述第三壁面连接所述第一壁面和所述第二壁面，在所述第一壁面、所述第二壁面和所述第三壁面的至少一个面的对应位置设有所述缓冲面。
一种实施方式中，所述缓冲部和所述主体部为一体式结构。
一种实施方式中，所述极片还包括第二活性物质层，所述第二活性物质层设置于所述集流体的与所述第一活性物质层相背的另一面，所述第二活性物质层设有第二缓冲部，所述第二缓冲部开设有第二凹槽，所述第二缓冲部的结构与所述第一缓冲部的结构相同。
一种实施方式中，所述第一缓冲部与所述第二缓冲部正对或交错设置。
一种实施方式中，所述集流体包括相对的第一侧边和第二侧边，所述第一凹槽自所述第一侧边向所述第二侧边的方向延伸；所述第二凹槽自所述第一侧边向所述第二侧边的方向延伸，或，所述第二凹槽自所述第二侧边向所述第一侧边的方向延伸。
第二方面，本公开还提供了一种卷绕式电池电芯，包括隔离膜和第一方面各种实施例中任一项所述的极片，两片所述极片之间设有所述隔离膜。
第三方面，本公开提供了一种电池，包括如第二方面所述的卷绕式电池电芯。
通过设置缓冲面，减小辊压工序中第一缓冲部所受的压力，第一缓冲部作用于集流体的压力变小，集流体的延伸率减小，实现集流体打皱程度减轻甚至无褶皱的效果，集流体打皱现象的减轻可以降低活性物质脱落最终造成露箔的风险，提高电芯的循环实用寿命，减慢电池的发热速度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是一种实施例的电池结构示意图；
图2是一种实施例的卷绕式电池电芯结构示意图；
图3是一种实施例的极片正视结构示意图；
图4是一种实施例的极片正视结构示意图；
图5是一种实施例的极片正视结构示意图；
图6是一种实施例的极片正视结构示意图；
图7是一种实施例的极片正视结构示意图；
图8是一种实施例的极片正视结构示意图；
图9是一种实施例的极片正视结构示意图；
图10是一种实施例的极片正视结构示意图；
图11是一种实施例的极片正视结构示意图；
图12是一种实施例的极片俯视结构示意图；
图13是一种实施例的极片正视结构示意图；
图14是一种实施例的极片俯视结构示意图；
图15是一种实施例的极片俯视结构示意图；
图16是一种实施例的极片俯视结构示意图；
图17是一种实施例的极片俯视结构示意图；
图18是一种实施例的极片俯视结构示意图；
图19是一种实施例的极片俯视结构示意图；
图20是一种实施例的极片俯视结构示意图；
图21是一种实施例的极片正视结构示意图；
图22是一种实施例的极片正视结构示意图；
图23是一种实施例的极片俯视结构示意图；
图24是一种实施例的电池结构示意图。
附图标记：
电池100，电池外壳K，卷绕式电池电芯J，电池上盖G，凸台T1，圆柱形凸台T2， 电解液注入口D，隔离膜3，极片1/2，集流体10，第一活性物质层11，主体部U，第一内表面N1，外表面W，第一缓冲部V1，第一厚度H1，第一凹槽C1，第二内表面N2，缓冲面S，内壁面B，第二厚度H2，压辊Y，第一壁面B1，第二壁面B2，第三壁面B3，第二活性物质层12，第二缓冲部V2，第二凹槽C2，第一侧边5，第二侧边6。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施方式中的附图，对本公开实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式仅仅是本公开一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本公开中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本公开保护的范围。
请参考图1和图24，本公开实施例提供了一种电池100，该电池100包括电池外壳K、放置于电池外壳K内的卷绕式电池电芯J和电池上盖G。其中，卷绕式电池电芯J为本公开实施例所提供，具体结构在后续说明。电池外壳K可以是一上端开口的圆筒，圆筒内壁底部与卷绕式电池电芯J的负极片集流板电连接，外底部中间设有凸台T1，用以将电池负极与外接器件相连。电池上盖G是与电池外壳K相匹配的圆盘状盖，其下部设有向下突出的平面，与正极集流板电连接，正极集流板与电池外壳K之间装有绝缘密封圈，电池上盖上部中间设有向上凸起的圆柱形凸台T2，用以将电池正极与外接器件连接。电池上盖G设有电解液注入口D，通过注入电解液实现正负极之间电子的传导，电解液注入后用密封钉密封。此种结构的电池100充放电过程中发热较小，循环利用衰减速度慢，能使得电池100使用寿命更长。通过使用本公开提供的卷绕式电池电芯J，极片的打皱现象减少，甚至无皱褶，能减小电池100电阻，使得电池100发热变慢，同时也能减少极片活性物质层脱落造成集流体裸露现象的发生，延长电池100的使用寿命。
请参考图2，本公开实施例提供了一种卷绕式电池电芯J，该卷绕式电池电芯J包括隔离膜3和本公开实施例提供的极片1和极片2，极片1和极片2可以为正极片和负极片，隔离膜3通常是具有纳米级微孔的高分子材料，设置在极片1和极片2之间，将两个极片隔离开，既能避免因正负极接触而导致的短路问题，同时又能使电解质离子通过。极片1、隔离膜3和极片2层叠设置，由专用卷绕机卷绕制成卷绕式电池电芯J。通过使用本公开提供的极片，极片的打皱现象减小，甚至无皱褶，能减少极片活性物质层脱落，降低电芯循环利用的衰减速度。
请参考图3，本公开实施例提供了一种极片，包括集流体10和涂覆在集流体10表面的第一活性物质层11。集流体10通常为铝箔或者铜箔，第一活性物质层11，主要包括活性物质、导电剂以及粘结剂等成分。第一活性物质层11包括互相连接的主体部U 和第一缓冲部V1，主体部U包括相背的第一内表面N1和外表面W，第一内表面N1与集流体10贴合，外表面W与第一内表面N1平行，外表面W与第一内表面N1的垂直距离为第一厚度H1。第一厚度H1设置范围为50～200μm。
请参考图3和图4，第一缓冲部V1开设有第一凹槽C1，第一缓冲部V1包括第二内表面N2、缓冲面S和围合第一凹槽C1的内壁面B，第二内表面N2与第一内表面N1重合，缓冲面S的一端连接所述外表面W，缓冲面S的另一端连接内壁面B，缓冲面S与内壁面B连接的交线到第二内表面N2的垂直距离为第二厚度H2，第二厚度H2小于第一厚度H1。第二厚度设置范围可以为20～180μm。
通过设置缓冲面S，在辊压过程中，极片经过压辊Y时，第一缓冲部V1所受的压力变小，第一缓冲部V1作用于集流体10的压力变小，集流体10的延伸率减小，实现集流体10打皱程度减轻甚至无褶皱的效果，集流体10打皱现象的减轻可以降低活性物质脱落最终造成露箔的风险，提高电芯的循环实用寿命，减慢电池100的发热速度。
一种实施例中，请参考图3，第一缓冲部V1与主体部U为一体成型工艺制作的一体式结构，工艺简单，便于制作。其他实施例中，第一缓冲部V1和主体部U也可以分别制作再连接在一起。
一种实施例中，请参考图3和图4，外表面W与内壁面B之间的缓冲面S为曲面，辊压时，压辊Y从集流体10外表面W经由缓冲面S过渡到内壁面B，到达第一凹槽C1周边的压力减小，集流体10在此处受到的压力减小，延伸率相应变小，打皱程度减轻。
另一种实施例中，请参考图4和图5，外表面W与内壁面B之间的缓冲面S为斜面，缓冲面S设置为斜面可以使得辊压过程中压辊Y与第一缓冲部V1之间的接触面积匀速变化，集流体10的受力变化均匀，进一步降低了集流体10产生褶皱的可能性。
另一种实施例中，请参考图4和图6，外表面W与内壁面B之间的缓冲面S为阶梯状表面，通过缓冲面S的缓冲作用，使得压辊Y经过第一缓冲部V1时集流体10受到的压力减小，集流体10的延伸率相应减小，达到减少打皱现象的发生的目的。
另一种实施例中，请参考图7，外表面W与内壁面B之间的缓冲面S为曲面和斜面的组合。
另一种实施例中，请参考图8，外表面W与内壁面B之间的缓冲面S为曲面和阶梯状表面的组合。
另一种实施例中，请参考图9，外表面W与内壁面B之间的缓冲面S为斜面和阶梯状表面的组合。
另一种实施例中，请参考图10，外表面W与内壁面B之间的缓冲面S为曲面与斜面 与阶梯状表面三种面型的组合，通过将缓冲面S设置为不同面型的组合可以获得较好的缓冲程度，实现更好的减少集流体10褶皱的效果。
一种实施例中，请参考图3，缓冲面S上任意一点到第二内表面N2的垂直距离小于第一厚度H1，通过设置整个缓冲面S距离集流体10的高度都比外表面W的低，可以保证缓冲面S正对的集流体10的每一处受到的压力都更小，使得辊压之后集流体10表面褶皱更少。
第一缓冲部V1的内壁面B包括第一壁面B1、第二壁面B2和第三壁面B3，第一壁面B1与第二壁面B2相对，第三壁面B3连接第一壁面B1和第二壁面B2，在第一壁面B1、第二壁面B2和第三壁面B3的至少一个面的对应位置设有缓冲面S。
一种实施例中，请参考图11和图12，第一壁面B1设置有缓冲面S，第二壁面B2与第三壁面B3没有设置缓冲面。本实施例中，缓冲面S为阶梯状表面，其他实施例中，缓冲面S也可以为前述的其他类型的表面。
另一种实施例中，请参考图13和图14，第二壁面B2设置有缓冲面S，第一壁面B1与第三壁面B3没有设置缓冲面。本实施例中，缓冲面S为阶梯状表面，其他实施例中，缓冲面S也可以为前述的其他类型的表面。
另一种实施例中，请参考图15和图16，第三壁面B3中设置有缓冲面S，第一壁面B1和第二壁面B2没有设置缓冲面。本实施例中，缓冲面S为阶梯状表面，其他实施例中，缓冲面S也可以为前述的其他类型的表面。
另一种实施例中，请参考图17，第一壁面B1和第二壁面B2设置有缓冲面S，第三壁面B3不设置缓冲面。本实施例中，缓冲面S为阶梯状表面，其他实施例中，缓冲面S也可以为前述的其他类型的表面。
另一种实施例中，请参考图18，第一壁面B1和第三壁面B3设置有缓冲面S，第二壁面B2不设置缓冲面。本实施例中，缓冲面S为阶梯状表面，其他实施例中，缓冲面S也可以为前述的其他类型的表面。
另一种实施例中，请参考图19，第二壁面B2和第三壁面B3设置有缓冲面S，第一壁面B1不设置缓冲面。本实施例中，缓冲面S为阶梯状表面，其他实施例中，缓冲面S也可以为前述的其他类型的表面。
另一种实施例中，请参考图20，第一壁面B1、第二壁面B2和第三壁面B3同时设置缓冲面S。本实施例中，缓冲面S为阶梯状表面，其他实施例中，缓冲面S也可以为前述的其他类型的表面。可以根据选取不同的内壁面设置缓冲面S来得到最佳方案，实现最大程度地减少集流体10褶皱。
请参考图21，极片还包括第二活性物质层12，第二活性物质层12设置于集流体10的与第一活性物质层11相背的另一面，第二活性物质层12设有第二缓冲部V2，第二缓冲部V2开设有第二凹槽C2，所述第二缓冲部V2的结构与第一缓冲部V1的结构相同。
一种实施例中，请参考图21，第一缓冲部V1和第二缓冲部V2正对设置。
另一种实施例中，请参考图22，第一缓冲部V1和第二缓冲部V2交错设置。
请参考图12和图23，集流体10包括相对的第一侧边5和第二侧边6。
一种实施例中，请参考图12，第一凹槽C1由第一侧边5向第二侧6边延伸，同样地，第二凹槽C2也由第一侧边5向第二侧边6延伸。
另一种实施例中，请参考图23，第一凹槽C1由第一侧边5向第二侧边6延伸，相反地，第二凹槽C2由第二侧边6向第一侧边5的方向延伸。
以上所揭露的仅为本公开一种较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本公开之权利范围，本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分流程，并依本公开权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属于公开所涵盖的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种极片，其中，包括集流体和涂覆在所述集流体表面的第一活性物质层，所述第一活性物质层包括互相连接的主体部和第一缓冲部，所述主体部包括相背的第一内表面和外表面，所述第一内表面与所述集流体贴合，所述外表面与所述第一内表面平行，所述外表面与所述第一内表面的垂直距离为第一厚度；所述第一缓冲部开设有第一凹槽，所述第一缓冲部包括第二内表面、缓冲面和围合所述第一凹槽的内壁面，所述第二内表面与所述第一内表面重合，所述缓冲面的一端连接所述外表面，所述缓冲面的另一端连接所述内壁面，所述缓冲面与所述内壁面连接的交线到所述第二内表面的垂直距离为第二厚度，所述第二厚度小于所述第一厚度。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的极片，其中，所述缓冲面包括曲面、斜面、阶梯状表面、曲面与斜面的组合、曲面与阶梯面的组合、斜面与阶梯面的组合以及曲面与阶梯面与斜面三种面型的组合的任意一种。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的极片，其中，所述缓冲面上的任意一点到所述第二内表面的垂直距离小于所述第一厚度。
  4. 如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的极片，其中，所述第一缓冲部的内壁面包括第一壁面、第二壁面和第三壁面，所述第一壁面与所述第二壁面相对，所述第三壁面连接所述第一壁面和所述第二壁面，在所述第一壁面、所述第二壁面和所述第三壁面的至少一个面的对应位置设有所述缓冲面。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的极片，其中，所述第一缓冲部和所述主体部为一体式结构。
  6. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的极片，其中，所述极片还包括第二活性物质层，所述第二活性物质层设置于所述集流体的与所述第一活性物质层相背的另一面，所述第二活性物质层设有第二缓冲部，所述第二缓冲部开设有第二凹槽，所述第二缓冲部的结构与所述第一缓冲部的结构相同。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的极片，其中，所述第一缓冲部与所述第二缓冲部正对或交错设置。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的极片，其中，所述集流体包括相对的第一侧边和第二侧边，所述第一凹槽自所述第一侧边向所述第二侧边的方向延伸；所述第二凹槽自所述第一侧边向所述第二侧边的方向延伸，或，所述第二凹槽自所述第二侧边向所述第一侧边的方向延伸。
  9. 一种卷绕式电池电芯，其中，包括隔离膜和如权利要求1-8任一项所述的极片，两片所述极片之间设有所述隔离膜。
  10. 一种电池，其中，包括权利要求9所述的卷绕式电池电芯。
PCT/CN2021/086146 2020-05-09 2021-04-09 极片、卷绕式电池电芯和电池 WO2021227728A1 (zh)

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CN114094044A (zh) * 2021-11-18 2022-02-25 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 极片和电池
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