WO2021223289A1 - 一种圆筒形多孔载体及其制备方法以及一种催化剂及其应用 - Google Patents

一种圆筒形多孔载体及其制备方法以及一种催化剂及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2021223289A1
WO2021223289A1 PCT/CN2020/096065 CN2020096065W WO2021223289A1 WO 2021223289 A1 WO2021223289 A1 WO 2021223289A1 CN 2020096065 W CN2020096065 W CN 2020096065W WO 2021223289 A1 WO2021223289 A1 WO 2021223289A1
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carrier
catalyst
paper
cylindrical porous
strip
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PCT/CN2020/096065
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English (en)
French (fr)
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荣卫龙
张舒乐
郭勇
盛守祥
于洋
任骞
边波
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山东爱亿普环保科技股份有限公司
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B01J21/04—Alumina
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/14—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of germanium, tin or lead
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
    • B01J23/22—Vanadium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/30—Tungsten
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/42—Platinum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
    • B01J23/464—Rhodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/48—Silver or gold
    • B01J23/50—Silver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/72—Copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74—Iron group metals
    • B01J23/755—Nickel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
    • B01J35/61—Surface area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0215—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
    • B31D3/00—Making articles of cellular structure, e.g. insulating board
    • B31D3/002—Methods for making cellular structures; Cellular structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
    • B31D3/00—Making articles of cellular structure, e.g. insulating board
    • B31D3/02—Making articles of cellular structure, e.g. insulating board honeycombed structures, i.e. the cells having an essentially hexagonal section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
    • B31D3/00—Making articles of cellular structure, e.g. insulating board
    • B31D3/02—Making articles of cellular structure, e.g. insulating board honeycombed structures, i.e. the cells having an essentially hexagonal section
    • B31D3/0292—Making articles of cellular structure, e.g. insulating board honeycombed structures, i.e. the cells having an essentially hexagonal section involving auxiliary operations, e.g. expanding, moistening, glue-applying, joining, controlling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
    • B31D5/00—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional articles ; Making three-dimensional articles
    • B31D5/0086—Making hollow objects
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
    • C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
    • C01C1/0411—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the catalyst
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
    • C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C07C29/153—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
    • C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
    • C07D303/04—Compounds containing oxirane rings containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring oxygen atoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2835—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support fibrous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/30—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details
    • F01N2330/36—Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details with flow channels formed by tubes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of catalysts, and specifically relates to a cylindrical porous carrier and a preparation method thereof, as well as a catalyst and an application thereof.
  • gas-solid phase reaction is the most common catalytic process, in which the catalyst is mostly solid.
  • the reaction area of the catalyst is generally increased as much as possible and the gas flow is strengthened to improve the mass transfer effect.
  • the catalyst is processed into spherical, clover-shaped, honeycomb-shaped and other porous materials, or a similar porous carrier is used to support the catalyst.
  • This catalytic process is to make a solid catalyst into a packing layer, and the gas to be reacted goes from top to bottom and from bottom to bottom. To achieve the effect of catalysis, it passes through the catalyst layer evenly or horizontally.
  • the present invention provides a cylindrical porous carrier and a preparation method thereof, as well as a catalyst and application thereof.
  • the cylindrical porous carrier provided by the present invention has a large gas circulation area and low resistance.
  • the cylindrical porous carrier is used to prepare a catalyst, and the gas can pass through the catalyst layer at a lower flow rate.
  • a cylindrical porous carrier includes a support frame and a carrier layer arranged on the outer surface of the support frame;
  • the support frame is a cylindrical structure with one end sealed and one end open, and the cylinder wall of the support frame is provided with Holes penetrating the wall of the cylinder;
  • the carrier layer is corrugated or honeycomb,
  • the carrier layer is corrugated
  • the carrier layer is formed by arranging strip-shaped corrugated paper and strip-shaped flat paper longitudinally at intervals on the side of the support frame; the width sides of the strip-shaped corrugated paper and strip-shaped flat paper are both perpendicular to Support the side of the skeleton;
  • the carrier layer When the carrier layer is in a honeycomb shape, the carrier layer is formed by wrapping a flat honeycomb carrier on the side of the support frame;
  • the material of the carrier layer is glass fiber or ceramic fiber.
  • the outer diameter of the support frame is 100-1000 mm.
  • the thickness of the carrier layer is 5 to 500 mm.
  • the length of the cylindrical porous carrier is 0.5-10 m.
  • the widths of the strip-shaped corrugated paper and strip-shaped flat paper are independently 5 to 500 mm.
  • the size of the honeycomb holes of the flat honeycomb carrier is (2-10) mm ⁇ (2-10) mm, and the thickness of the partition wall of the honeycomb holes is 0.1-2 mm.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing the cylindrical porous carrier described in the above solution.
  • the preparing method includes the following steps:
  • the fiber plane paper is prepared into corrugated paper, and then cut along the direction perpendicular to the propagation of the corrugation to obtain strip-shaped corrugated paper;
  • the strip-shaped fiber paper and strip-shaped flat paper are arranged at intervals and pasted on the outer surface of the support frame to obtain the cylindrical porous carrier;
  • the preparation method includes the following steps: rolling the flat honeycomb carrier into a cylindrical shape, and then fixing it on the outer surface of the support frame to obtain a cylindrical porous carrier;
  • the fiber plane paper is glass fiber plane paper or ceramic fiber plane paper
  • the material of the flat honeycomb carrier is glass fiber or ceramic fiber.
  • the present invention also provides a catalyst comprising a carrier and an active component supported on the carrier.
  • the carrier is the cylindrical porous carrier described in the above-mentioned scheme or the cylindrical porous carrier prepared by the preparation method described in the above-mentioned scheme.
  • the active component is supported on the carrier layer of the cylindrical porous carrier.
  • the active component includes one of TiO 2 , WO 3 , V 2 O 5 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , MnO 2 , Pt, Pb, Ni, Cu, Rh, Ag, and Pd kind or several kinds.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the catalyst described in the above scheme in the treatment of automobile exhaust gas.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the catalyst described in the above scheme as a denitration catalyst, ammonia synthesis catalyst, synthesis gas to methanol catalyst, catalytic hydrogenation catalyst, ethylene epoxidation to ethylene oxide Ag catalyst or catalytic cracking catalyst.
  • the present invention provides a cylindrical porous carrier.
  • the carrier includes a support frame and a carrier layer arranged on the outer surface of the support frame; the support frame is a cylindrical structure with one end sealed and one end open.
  • the cylinder wall is provided with holes penetrating the cylinder wall; the surface of the carrier layer is in a corrugated or honeycomb shape, and the material of the carrier is glass fiber or ceramic fiber.
  • the carrier layer of the cylindrical porous carrier is arranged in a corrugated or honeycomb shape, which can increase the surface area of the carrier layer and increase the contact area between the gas and the carrier layer.
  • the carrier of the present invention has a cylindrical structure. , The gas passes through the cylinder wall, and then flows out through the unsealed end of the cylinder center, without passing through from top to bottom, which can greatly reduce the resistance of the gas.
  • the present invention also provides a catalyst, which comprises the cylindrical porous carrier described in the above scheme and the active components supported on the carrier.
  • the present invention uses a cylindrical porous carrier to prepare a catalyst.
  • the active component is supported on the carrier layer on the wall of the cylindrical porous carrier.
  • the channel inside the cylinder is discharged, the contact area between the gas and the catalyst layer is large, the resistance to pass through the catalyst layer is small, and it can pass through at a lower flow rate, thereby reducing the operating cost of the system; in addition, the catalyst provided by the present invention is convenient to install. Low cost and broad application prospects.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cylindrical porous carrier with a corrugated carrier layer
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a cylindrical porous carrier with a honeycomb-shaped carrier layer
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a corrugated carrier layer on the surface of a cylindrical porous carrier; in Figure 3: 3-strip corrugated paper, 4-strip flat paper;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the catalyst
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the catalyst
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of gas flowing through a common honeycomb-shaped catalyst.
  • the present invention provides a cylindrical porous carrier, comprising a support frame and a carrier layer arranged on the outer surface of the support frame;
  • the support frame is a cylindrical structure with one end sealed and one end open. Is provided with holes penetrating the wall of the cylinder;
  • the carrier layer is corrugated or honeycomb;
  • the carrier layer is formed by arranging strip-shaped corrugated paper and strip-shaped flat paper longitudinally at intervals on the side of the support frame; and the width sides of strip-shaped corrugated paper and strip-shaped flat paper are both perpendicular to Support the surface of the skeleton;
  • the carrier layer is formed by wrapping a flat honeycomb carrier on the side of the support frame;
  • the material of the carrier layer is glass fiber or ceramic fiber.
  • the structure of the cylindrical porous carrier is as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the structure of the cylindrical porous carrier is As shown in Figure 2, in Figures 1-2: 1 is the support frame, and 2 is the carrier layer.
  • the support skeleton is preferably a steel wire mesh cylinder or a cylinder rolled from a perforated mesh plate;
  • the holes on the wall of the support skeleton are preferably circular holes, and the diameter of the circular holes is preferably The distance between the centers of adjacent circular holes is preferably 3-50mm; holes are provided on the wall of the support frame to allow gas to pass through; in the present invention, the outer diameter of the support frame is preferably 100-1000mm, and more Preferably it is 300-800 mm.
  • the carrier layer when the surface of the carrier layer is corrugated, the carrier layer is formed by strip-shaped corrugated paper and strip-shaped flat paper arranged longitudinally on the side of the support frame (that is, strip-shaped corrugated paper and strip-shaped flat paper alternately Arrangement, adjacent strips of flat paper and strips of corrugated paper are in contact with the crests (valleys).
  • the specific arrangement is shown in Figure 3.
  • Figure 3 3 is strips of corrugated paper, 4 is strips of flat paper; The width sides of the strip-shaped corrugated paper and the strip-shaped flat paper are both perpendicular to the surface of the support frame.
  • the present invention has no special requirements for the specific corrugated shape of the strip-shaped corrugated paper. Just set it up.
  • the width of the strip-shaped corrugated paper is preferably 5-500mm, more preferably 10-400mm; the width of the strip-shaped flat paper is preferably 5-500mm, more preferably 10-400mm, in the present invention
  • the strip-shaped corrugated paper and strip-shaped flat paper have the same width; the length of the strip-shaped corrugated paper and strip-shaped flat paper is preferably the same as the length of the side of the support frame, so as to completely cover the side of the support frame ; Because corrugated paper has concave and convex corrugations, and the adjacent flat paper forms holes for gas to pass through (the adjacent flat paper and corrugated paper crests (valleys) contact, the area between the crests (valleys) and the flat paper is For the passage of gas).
  • the carrier layer is arranged in a concave-convex corrugated shape, which can increase the contact area between the gas and the carrier layer.
  • the carrier layer when the surface layer of the carrier layer is honeycomb, the carrier layer is formed by wrapping a flat honeycomb carrier on the side of the support frame, and the honeycomb holes of the honeycomb carrier layer are preferably rectangular or square.
  • the size of the holes is preferably (2-10)mm ⁇ (2-10)mm, more preferably (3-8)mm ⁇ (3-8)mm; the thickness of the partition wall of the honeycomb holes is preferably 0.1-2mm, More preferably, it is 0.5 to 1.5 mm.
  • the carrier layer is arranged in a honeycomb shape, the honeycomb holes are for gas to pass through, and the contact area between the gas and the carrier layer can be increased.
  • the thickness of the carrier layer is preferably 5 to 500 mm, more preferably 10 to 400 mm.
  • the thickness of the carrier layer at this time is the width of the strip-shaped flat paper or strip-shaped corrugated paper;
  • the thickness of the carrier layer is the thickness of the flat honeycomb carrier;
  • the length of the cylindrical porous carrier is preferably 0.5 to 10 m, more preferably 1 to 3 m, and still more preferably 1.5 ⁇ 2.5m;
  • the bottom of the support frame is preferably provided with a base, and the top is preferably provided with a top seat to increase the stability of the carrier when it is erected.
  • the length of the carrier does not include the length of the base and the top seat, but only the length of the side wrapping the carrier layer.
  • the material of the carrier layer is glass fiber or ceramic fiber; the present invention has no special requirements on the specifications of the glass fiber or ceramic fiber, and those skilled in the art can use it.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing the cylindrical porous carrier described in the above solution, which includes the following steps:
  • the preparation method includes the following steps:
  • the fiber plane paper is prepared into corrugated paper, and then cut along the direction perpendicular to the propagation of the corrugation to obtain strip-shaped corrugated paper;
  • the strip-shaped fiber paper and the strip-shaped plane paper are arranged at intervals and pasted on the outside of the support frame to obtain the cylindrical porous carrier.
  • the fiber flat paper is glass fiber flat paper or ceramic fiber flat paper; the present invention has no special requirements on the glass fiber paper or ceramic fiber paper, and it is sufficient to use those well known to those skilled in the art; There are no special requirements for the method of preparing fiber plane paper into corrugated paper, and the method for preparing corrugated paper well known to those skilled in the art can be used for preparation; specifically, such as folding glass fiber paper to form corrugated paper, or using two gears Roll the glass fiber paper to form corrugated paper.
  • the present invention has no special requirements on the cutting and pasting methods, and the cutting and pasting methods well known to those skilled in the art can be used.
  • the preparation method includes the following steps: rolling the flat honeycomb carrier into a cylindrical shape, and then fixing it on the side of the supporting frame to obtain a cylindrical porous carrier.
  • the material of the flat honeycomb carrier is glass fiber or ceramic fiber, and the size of the honeycomb holes and the thickness of the partition wall of the flat honeycomb carrier are the same as the above solutions, and will not be repeated here;
  • the preparation method of the flat honeycomb carrier does not have special requirements, and it can be prepared according to a method well known to those skilled in the art, specifically such as extrusion molding by a die; the present invention does not have a method for fixing the flat honeycomb carrier on the side of the support frame. For special requirements, the method well known to those skilled in the art can be used and it can be firmly fixed.
  • the present invention also provides a catalyst comprising a carrier and active components supported on the carrier.
  • the structure is shown in Figures 4 to 5.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the catalyst
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the catalyst; the carrier is the above The cylindrical porous carrier described in the scheme.
  • the active component is supported on the carrier layer of the cylindrical porous carrier.
  • the carrier layer loaded with the active component is called the catalyst layer.
  • the gas is from outside to inside. Pass through the catalyst layer, and then flow out through the center of the cylinder.
  • the specific gas flow direction is shown in Figures 4 to 5.
  • the catalyst provided by the present invention can reduce the resistance of the gas due to the large flow area, so that the gas can pass through the catalyst at a lower flow rate.
  • the contact area between the gas and the catalyst is large, which can reduce the operating cost of the system.
  • the active component preferably includes TiO 2 , WO 3 , V 2 O 5 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , MnO 2 , Pt, Pb, Ni, Cu, Rh, Ag, and Pd One or more of them; the present invention preferably selects the type of active component according to the specific application of the catalyst; in the specific embodiment of the present invention, when the active component is one of Pt, Rh, Pb and Al 2 O 3
  • the catalyst is preferably used as an exhaust catalyst for automobile exhaust treatment, and it can be installed on an automobile exhaust pipe during application; when the active component is TiO 2 , WO 3 and V 2 O 5
  • the catalyst is preferably used as an SCR denitration catalyst; when the active component is one or more of Pt, Ni and Cu, the catalyst is preferably used as a catalytic hydrogenation catalyst and can be used for petroleum In chemical production.
  • the loading amount of the active component is preferably 5-50% of the weight of the carrier layer, preferably 10-45%.
  • the present invention does not specifically limit the preparation method of the catalyst, as long as it can be prepared by a method well-known to those skilled in the art, the active component can be loaded.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the catalyst described in the above scheme in the treatment of automobile exhaust gas.
  • the present invention also provides the application of the catalyst described in the above scheme as a denitration catalyst, a synthesis ammonia catalyst, a synthesis gas to methanol catalyst, a catalytic hydrogenation catalyst, an ethylene epoxidation to ethylene oxide Ag catalyst and a catalytic cracking catalyst; the catalyst
  • the active component loaded on the carrier can be selected according to the actual situation, and the loading amount of the active component is preferably consistent with the above-mentioned scheme, and will not be repeated here.
  • the catalyst is preferably installed vertically in a fixed bed reactor with its sealed end facing downwards, and the number of installed catalysts is preferably calculated according to the internal space of the reactor and the catalytic performance index.
  • the resistance of the gas passing through the catalyst is calculated, and the influence of the active components loaded on the carrier on the gas resistance is negligible.
  • the structure of the catalyst is a rectangular parallelepiped, and the gas passes from bottom to top.
  • the cross-sectional size of the rectangular parallelepiped catalyst in this comparative example is 0.15m*0.15m, and the length is 1m.
  • the gas flow rate is 300m 3 /h
  • the gas resistance calculated according to Bernoulli equation is 1075Pa.
  • the outer diameter of the support frame is 0.15m
  • the length is 1m
  • the support frame cylinder wall is provided with holes
  • the hole diameter is 30mm
  • the thickness of the catalyst layer is 0.02m.
  • a reactor structure with a 5m*5m cross-section the flue gas flow rate is 500000m 3 /h
  • the cylindrical porous carrier was prepared according to the method of Example 1.
  • the width of the strip corrugated paper and strip flat paper is 10mm
  • the outer diameter of the support frame is 130mm
  • the length is 3m.
  • the support frame is provided with holes on the wall of the hole. The diameter of the holes is It is 35mm, and the thickness of the catalyst layer is 0.01m.
  • the cylindrical porous carrier was prepared according to the method of Example 1.
  • the width of the strip corrugated paper and strip flat paper was 10mm, the outer diameter of the support frame was 160mm, and the length was 6m.
  • a reactor structure with a 7.5m*22m cross-section, the flue gas flow rate is 720,000m 3 /h, the cylindrical catalyst of the present invention is installed, a total of 4000, and the circulation area of each cylindrical catalyst is 3.14*0.16*6 3m 2.
  • the gas resistance calculated according to the Berlier equation is about 10Pa
  • the measured gas resistance is 15Pa.
  • the ceramic fiber and the catalyst are mixed into a mud shape, and then a flat honeycomb carrier is prepared by extrusion molding.
  • the size of the honeycomb holes is 0.5mm ⁇ 0.5mm, and the thickness of the partition wall is preferably 0.5mm.
  • the flat honeycomb carrier is rolled into a cylindrical shape. , And then fixed on the side of the support frame to obtain a cylindrical porous carrier.
  • the outer diameter of the support frame is 0.15m, and the support frame barrel wall is provided with holes, the hole diameter is 3mm, the length is 1m, and the carrier layer thickness is 0.01m.

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Abstract

一种圆筒形多孔载体及其制备方法以及一种催化剂及其应用。将圆筒形多孔载体的载体层（2）设置成波纹状或者蜂窝状，可以增加载体层（2）的表面积，提高气体和载体层（2）的接触面积，且载体为圆筒形结构，在应用时，气体可以从筒壁穿过，再从筒中心的未密封端流出，能够大大降低气体的阻力。利用圆筒形多孔载体制备催化剂，可以显著降低气体穿过催化剂层时的阻力，从而能降低系统的运行成本；此外，提供的催化剂安装方便，成本低，具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种圆筒形多孔载体及其制备方法以及一种催化剂及其应用
本申请要求于2020年5月8日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010381848.9、发明名称为“一种圆筒形多孔载体及其制备方法以及一种催化剂及其应用”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂技术领域，具体涉及一种圆筒形多孔载体及其制备方法以及一种催化剂及其应用。
背景技术
在各种化工催化工艺过程中，气固相反应是最常见的催化工艺，其中催化剂大多是固体，为了提高反应效率，一般尽可能提高催化剂的反应面积以及加强气体的流动来提高传质效果，比如将催化剂加工成球形、三叶草形、蜂窝形等多孔材料，或者采用相似的多孔载体来负载催化剂，这种催化过程是将固体催化剂做成填料层，需要反应的气体由上至下、由下至上或者水平均匀穿过催化剂层，来实现催化的效果。
但是，气体在流过催化层时，由于受限于流通截面尺寸大小，均存在阻力大的问题，导致整体工艺系统运行成本较高。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种圆筒形多孔载体及其制备方法以及一种催化剂及其应用。本发明提供的圆筒形多孔载体气体流通面积大、阻力小，利用该圆筒形多孔载体制备成催化剂，气体能以较低的流速穿过催化剂层。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：
一种圆筒形多孔载体，包括支撑骨架和设置在所述支撑骨架外侧表面的载体层；所述支撑骨架为一端密封、一端敞口的圆筒结构，所述支撑骨架的筒壁上设置有贯穿筒壁的的孔洞；所述载体层呈波纹状或蜂窝状，
当所述载体层呈波纹状时，所述载体层由条状波纹纸和条状平面纸在支撑骨架侧面纵向间隔排列形成；所述条状波纹纸和条状平面纸的宽度边 均垂直于支撑骨架侧面；
当所述载体层呈蜂窝状时，所述载体层由平板状蜂窝载体在支撑骨架侧面包裹形成；
所述载体层的材质为玻璃纤维或者陶瓷纤维。
优选的，所述支撑骨架的外径为100～1000mm。
优选的，所述载体层的厚度为5～500mm。
优选的，所述圆筒形多孔载体的长度为0.5～10m。
优选的，所述条状波纹纸和条状平面纸的宽度独立地为5～500mm。
优选的，所述平板状蜂窝载体的蜂窝孔洞的尺寸为(2～10)mm×(2～10)mm，蜂窝孔洞的隔墙厚度为0.1～2mm。
本发明提供了上述方案所述圆筒形多孔载体的制备方法，当所述载体层呈波纹状时，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
将纤维平面纸制备成波纹纸，然后沿垂直于波纹传播的方向进行裁切，得到条状波纹纸；
将纤维平面纸进行裁切，得到条状平面纸；
将条状纤维纸和条状平面纸间隔排列并粘贴在支撑骨架外侧表面，得到所述圆筒形多孔载体；
当所述载体层呈蜂窝状时，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：将平板状蜂窝载体卷成筒状，然后固定在支撑骨架外侧表面，得到圆筒形多孔载体；
其中：所述纤维平面纸为玻璃纤维平面纸或陶瓷纤维平面纸；所述平板状蜂窝载体的材质为玻璃纤维或陶瓷纤维。
本发明还提供了一种催化剂，包括载体和负载在所述载体上的活性组分，所述载体为上述方案所述的圆筒形多孔载体或上述方案所述制备方法制备的圆筒形多孔载体；所述活性组分负载在圆筒形多孔载体的载体层上。
优选的，所述活性组分包括TiO 2、WO 3、V 2O 5、SiO 2、Al 2O 3、ZrO 2、MnO 2、Pt、Pb、Ni、Cu、Rh、Ag和Pd中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了上述方案所述的催化剂在汽车尾气处理中的应用。
本发明还提供了上述方案所述的催化剂作为脱硝催化剂、合成氨催化剂、合成气制甲醇催化剂、催化加氢催化剂、乙烯环氧化制环氧乙烷Ag 催化剂或催化裂化催化剂的应用。
本发明提供了一种圆筒形多孔载体，所述载体包括支撑骨架和设置在支撑骨架外侧表面的载体层；所述支撑骨架为一端密封，一端敞口的圆筒结构，所示支撑骨架的筒壁上设置有贯穿筒壁的孔洞；所述载体层的表面呈凹凸波纹状或蜂窝状，所述载体的材质为玻璃纤维或者陶瓷纤维。本发明将圆筒形多孔载体的载体层设置成呈波纹状或蜂窝状，可以增加载体层的表面积，提高气体和载体层的接触面积，且本发明的载体为圆筒形结构，在应用时，气体从筒壁穿过，再经筒中心从未密封端流出，无需自上而下穿过，能够大大降低气体的阻力。
本发明还提供了一种催化剂，包括上述方案所述的圆筒形多孔载体和负载在载体上的活性组分。本发明利用圆筒形多孔载体制备催化剂，活性组分负载在圆筒形多孔载体筒壁的载体层上，在应用时，气体由外至内穿过催化剂层与活性组分接触，然后通过圆筒内部的通道排出，气体与催化剂层的接触面积大，穿过催化剂层的阻力小，能够以较低的流速穿过，从而能降低系统的运行成本；此外，本发明提供的催化剂安装方便，成本低，具有广阔的应用前景。
说明书附图
图1为载体层呈波纹状的圆筒形多孔载体的结构示意图；
图2为载体层呈蜂窝状的圆筒形多孔载体的结构示意图；
图1～2中：1-支撑骨架，2-载体层；
图3为圆筒形多孔载体表面波纹状载体层的结构示意图；图3中：3-条状波纹纸，4-条状平面纸；
图4为催化剂的结构示意图；
图5为催化剂的俯视图；
图6为气体流过普通蜂窝形催化剂的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进行进一步说明。
本发明提供了一种圆筒形多孔载体，包括支撑骨架和设置在支撑骨架外侧表面的载体层；所述支撑骨架为一端密封，一端敞口的圆筒结构，所述支撑骨架的筒壁上设置有贯穿筒壁的孔洞；所述载体层呈波纹状或蜂窝 状；
当所述载体层表面呈波纹状时，所述载体层由条状波纹纸和条状平面纸在支撑骨架侧面纵向间隔排列形成；且条状波纹纸和条状平面纸的宽度边均垂直于支撑骨架表面；
当所述载体层表面呈蜂窝状时，所述载体层由平板状蜂窝载体在支撑骨架侧面包裹形成；
所述载体层的材质为玻璃纤维或者陶瓷纤维。
在本发明中，当所述载体层呈波纹状时，所述圆筒形多孔载体的结构如图1所示，当所述载体层呈蜂窝状时，所述圆筒形多孔载体的结构如图2所示，图1～2中：1为支撑骨架，2为载体层。
在本发明中，所述支撑骨架优选为钢丝网筒或者为由多孔网板卷成的圆筒；所述支撑骨架筒壁上的孔洞优选为圆形孔洞，所述圆形孔洞的直径优选为3～50mm；相邻圆形孔洞的圆心距离优选为3～50mm；支撑骨架筒壁上设置孔洞，可以供气体通过；在本发明中，所述支撑骨架的外径优选为100～1000mm，更优选为300～800mm。
在本发明中，当所述载体层表面呈波纹状时，所述载体层由条状波纹纸和条状平面纸在支撑骨架侧面纵向间隔排列形成(即条状波纹纸和条状平面纸交替排列，相邻条状平面纸和条状波纹纸的波峰(波谷)接触)，具体的排列方式如图3所示，图3中：3为条状波纹纸，4为条状平面纸；其中条状波纹纸和条状平面纸的宽度边均垂直于支撑骨架表面，本发明对所述条状波纹纸的具体波纹形态没有特殊要求，按照本领域技术人员熟知的波纹纸表面的波纹结构进行设置即可。在本发明中，所述条状波纹纸的宽度优选为5～500mm，更优选为10～400mm；所述条状平面纸的宽度优选为5～500mm，更优选为10～400mm，在本发明的具体实施例中，所述条状波纹纸和条状平面纸的宽度相同；所述条状波纹纸和条状平面纸的长度优选和支撑骨架侧面的长度相同，以将支撑骨架侧面完全覆盖；由于波纹纸存在凹凸的波纹，和相邻的平面纸之间形成供气体通过的孔道(相邻平面纸和波纹纸的波峰(波谷)接触，波峰(波谷)与平面纸之间的区域即为供气体通过的孔道)。本发明将载体层设置成凹凸波纹状，可以增加气体和载体层的接触面积。
在本发明中，当所述载体层表面层蜂窝状时，所述载体层由平板状蜂窝载体在支撑骨架侧面包裹形成，所述蜂窝状载体层的蜂窝孔洞优选为长方形或正方形，所述蜂窝孔洞的尺寸优选为(2～10)mm×(2～10)mm，更优选为(3～8)mm×(3～8)mm；所述蜂窝孔洞的隔墙厚度优选为0.1～2mm，更优选为0.5～1.5mm。本发明将载体层设置成蜂窝状，蜂窝状孔洞供气体通过，且可以增大气体和载体层的接触面积。
在本发明中，所述载体层的厚度优选为5～500mm，更优选为10～400mm。在本发明中，当所述载体层呈波纹状时，由于条状平面纸和条状波纹纸垂直于筒壁，此时的载体层厚度即为条状平面纸或条状波纹纸的宽度；当所述载体层呈蜂窝状时，所述载体层的厚度即为平板状蜂窝载体的厚度；所述圆筒形多孔载体的长度优选为0.5～10m，更优选为1～3m，进一步优选为1.5～2.5m；在本发明的具体实施例中，所述支撑骨架的底部优选设置有底座，顶部优选设置有顶座，以增加载体竖立时的稳定性，本发明所述的圆筒形多孔载体的长度不包括底座和顶座的长度，仅为侧面包裹载体层部分的长度。
在本发明中，所述载体层的材质为玻璃纤维或者陶瓷纤维；本发明对所述玻璃纤维或陶瓷纤维的规格没有特殊要求，使用本领域技术人员熟知的即可。
本发明提供了上述方案所述圆筒形多孔载体的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
当所述载体层呈波纹状时，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
将纤维平面纸制备成波纹纸，然后沿垂直于波纹传播的方向进行裁切，得到条状波纹纸；
将纤维平面纸进行裁切，得到条状平面纸；
将条状纤维纸和条状平面纸间隔排列并粘贴在支撑骨架外侧，得到所述圆筒形多孔载体。
在本发明中，所述纤维平面纸为玻璃纤维平面纸或陶瓷纤维平面纸；本发明对所述玻璃纤维纸或陶瓷纤维纸没有特殊要求，使用本领域技术人员熟知的即可；本发明对将纤维平面纸制备成波纹纸的方法没有特殊要求，使用本领域技术人员熟知的制备波纹纸的方法进行制备即可；具体的 如将玻璃纤维纸进行折叠，形成波纹纸，或者使用两个齿轮对玻璃纤维纸进行滚压，形成波纹纸。
本发明对所述裁切和粘贴的方法没有特殊要求，使用本领域技术人员熟知的裁切和粘贴方法即可。
当所述载体层呈蜂窝状时，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：将平板状蜂窝载体卷成筒状，然后固定在支撑骨架侧面上，得到圆筒形多孔载体。
在本发明中，所述平板状蜂窝载体的材质为玻璃纤维或陶瓷纤维，所述平板状蜂窝载体的蜂窝孔洞尺寸以及隔墙厚度和上述方案相同，在此不再赘述；本发明对所述平板状蜂窝载体的制备方法没有特殊要求，按照本领域技术人员熟知的方法制备即可，具体的如通过模具挤压成型；本发明对将平板状的蜂窝状载体固定在支撑骨架侧面的方法没有特殊要求，使用本领域技术人员熟知的方法，能够牢固固定即可。
本发明还提供了一种催化剂，包括载体和负载在载体上的活性组分，结构如图4～5所示，图4为催化剂的结构示意图，图5为催化剂的俯视图；所述载体为上述方案所述的圆筒形多孔载体。
在本发明中，所述活性组分负载在圆筒形多孔载体的载体层上，在本发明中，将负载有活性组分的载体层称为催化剂层，在应用时，气体由外至内穿过催化剂层，然后通过圆筒中心流出，具体的气体流通方向见图4～5，本发明提供的催化剂由于流通面积大，能够降低气体的阻力，使气体能够以较低的流速穿过催化剂层，并且气体与催化剂的接触面积大，从而能降低系统的运行成本。
在本发明中，所述活性组分优选包括TiO 2、WO 3、V 2O 5、SiO 2、Al 2O 3、ZrO 2、MnO 2、Pt、Pb、Ni、Cu、Rh、Ag和Pd中的一种或几种；本发明优选根据催化剂的具体应用选择活性组分的种类；在本发明的具体实施例中，当活性组分为Pt、Rh、Pb和Al 2O 3中的一种或几种时，所述催化剂优选作为尾气催化剂，用于汽车尾气处理，应用时安装在汽车尾气排气筒上即可；当活性组分为TiO 2、WO 3和V 2O 5中的一种或几种时，所述催化剂优选作为SCR脱硝催化剂使用；当活性组分为Pt、Ni和Cu中的一种或几种时，所述催化剂优选作为催化加氢催化剂使用，可用于石油化工生产中。
在本发明中，所述活性组分的负载量优选为载体层重量的5～50％，优选为10～45％。
本发明对所述催化剂的制备方法不做特殊限定，使用本领域技术人员熟知的方法进行制备，能够实现活性组分的负载即可。
本发明还提供了上述方案所述的催化剂在汽车尾气处理中的应用。
本发明还提供了上述方案所述的催化剂作为脱硝催化剂、合成氨催化剂、合成气制甲醇催化剂、催化加氢催化剂、乙烯环氧化制环氧乙烷Ag催化剂和催化裂化催化剂的应用；所述催化剂应用于不同场合时载体上负载的活性组分根据实际情况进行选择即可，活性组分的负载量优选和上述方案一致，在此不再赘述。在本发明的具体实施例中，所述催化剂优选密封端朝下垂直安装在固定床反应器中，优选根据反应器内空间以及催化性能指标计算催化剂的安装根数。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的方案进行详细的说明，但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
对比例1
以单根催化剂为例，计算气体穿过催化剂时的阻力，载体上负载的活性组分对气体阻力造成的影响忽略不计。
采用普通的蜂窝催化剂，催化剂的结构为长方体形，气体由下自上穿过，如图6所示，本对比例中长方体形催化剂的截面尺寸为0.15m*0.15m，长度为1m，气体由上至下或者由下至上流过，流通截面积为0.15m*0.15m＝0.0225m 2，以气体流量为300m 3/h计，气体流经该催化剂时的气体流速为300m 3/h/0.0225m 2/3600＝3.7037m/s，停留时间为1m/3.7037m/s＝0.27s，根据伯努利方程计算气体阻力为1075Pa。
实施例1
将玻璃纤维平面纸制备成波纹状，然后裁切成宽度为20mm的条状，同时将玻璃纤维平面纸裁切成宽度为20mm的条状，将条状波纹纸和条状平面纸纵向间隔排列并粘贴在支撑骨架外侧表面，支撑骨架的外径为0.15m，长度为1m，支撑骨架筒壁上设置有孔洞，孔洞直径为30mm，催化剂层的厚度为0.02m。
按照气体流量为300m 3/h进行计算，气体由载体的四周向中间流过， 流通截面积(即圆筒的流通面积)为3.14*0.15*1＝0.471m 2，气体流速为300m 3/h/0.471m 2/3600＝0.177m/s，根据伯努利方程计算气体阻力约1Pa，实测气体阻力为5Pa。
对比例2
一个5m*5m截面的反应器结构，烟气流量500000m 3/h，安装常规的长方体形催化剂(催化剂截面和反应器截面相同，高度为3m)，气体流速为：500000m 3/h/(5m*5m)/3600＝5.6m/s，催化剂高度3m，烟气经过催化剂的时间为：3m/5.6m/s＝0.54s，气体阻力约1000Pa。
实施例2
按照实施例1的方法制备圆筒形多孔载体，条状波纹纸和条状平面纸的宽度为10mm，支撑骨架的外径为130mm，长度为3m，支撑骨架筒壁上设置有孔洞，孔洞直径为35mm，催化剂层厚度为0.01m。
一个5m*5m截面的反应器结构，烟气流量500000m 3/h，安装本发明的圆筒形催化剂，每根圆筒形催化剂尺寸为φ130mm*3m，按照每根催化剂需要需要150mm*150mm的安装空间计算，反应器内共可以安装33*33＝1089根，每根圆筒形催化剂的流通面积为3.14*0.13*3＝1.22m 2,总流通面积为1089*1.22＝1328.58m 2，气体流速为：50000m 3/h/1328.58m 2/3600＝0.01m/s，催化剂厚度0.01m，根据伯努利方程计算气体阻力约10Pa，实测气体阻力为15Pa。
实施例3
按照实施例1的方法制备圆筒形多孔载体，条状波纹纸和条状平面纸的宽度为10mm，支撑骨架的外径为160mm，长度为6m，支撑骨架筒壁上设置有孔洞，孔洞直径为50mm，催化剂层厚度为0.01m。
一个7.5m*22m截面的反应器结构，烟气流量为720000m 3/h，安装本发明的圆筒形催化剂，一共4000根，每根圆筒形催化剂的流通面积为3.14*0.16*6＝3m 2，总流通面积为4000*3＝12000m 2，气体流速为：720000m 3/h/12000m 2/3600＝0.017m/s，根据伯努力方程计算气体阻力约10Pa，实测气体阻力为15Pa。
实施例4
将陶瓷纤维与催化剂混合制成泥状，再通过挤压成型制备平板状蜂窝载体，蜂窝孔洞的尺寸为0.5mm×0.5mm，隔墙厚度优选为0.5mm，将平板状蜂窝载体卷成筒状，然后固定在支撑骨架侧面上，得到圆筒形多孔载体，支撑骨架的外径为0.15m，支撑骨架筒壁上设置有孔洞，孔洞直径为3mm，长度为1m，载体层厚度为0.01m。在气体流量为300m 3/h条件下进行测试，气体流通面积为：3.14*0.15*1＝0.471m 2，流速为：300m 3/h/0.471m 2/3600＝0.177m/s，实测气体阻力10Pa。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种圆筒形多孔载体，包括支撑骨架和设置在所述支撑骨架外侧表面的载体层；所述支撑骨架为一端密封、一端敞口的圆筒结构，所述支撑骨架的筒壁上设置有贯穿筒壁的的孔洞；所述载体层呈波纹状或蜂窝状；
    当所述载体层呈波纹状时，所述载体层由条状波纹纸和条状平面纸在支撑骨架侧面纵向间隔排列形成；所述条状波纹纸和条状平面纸的宽度边均垂直于支撑骨架侧面；
    当所述载体层呈蜂窝状时，所述载体层由平板状蜂窝载体在支撑骨架侧面包裹形成；
    所述载体层的材质为玻璃纤维或者陶瓷纤维。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的圆筒形多孔载体，其特征在于，所述支撑骨架的外径为100～1000mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的圆筒形多孔载体，其特征在于，所述载体层的厚度为5～500mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的圆筒形多孔载体，其特征在于，所述圆筒形多孔载体的长度为0.5～10m。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的圆筒形多孔载体，其特征在于，所述条状波纹纸和条状平面纸的宽度独立地为5～500mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的圆筒形多孔载体，其特征在于，所述平板状蜂窝载体的蜂窝孔洞的尺寸为(2～10)mm×(2～10)mm，蜂窝孔洞的隔墙厚度为0.1～2mm。
  7. 权利要求1～6任意一项所述圆筒形多孔载体的制备方法，其特征在于，当所述载体层呈波纹状时，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：
    将纤维平面纸制备成波纹纸，然后沿垂直于波纹传播的方向进行裁切，得到条状波纹纸；
    将纤维平面纸进行裁切，得到条状平面纸；
    将条状纤维纸和条状平面纸间隔排列并粘贴在支撑骨架外侧表面，得到所述圆筒形多孔载体；
    当所述载体层呈蜂窝状时，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：将平板状蜂窝载体卷成筒状，然后固定在支撑骨架外侧表面，得到圆筒形多孔载体；
    其中：所述纤维平面纸为玻璃纤维平面纸或陶瓷纤维平面纸；所述平板状蜂窝载体的材质为玻璃纤维或陶瓷纤维。
  8. 一种催化剂，包括载体和负载在所述载体上的活性组分，其特征在于，所述载体为权利要求1～6任意一项所述的圆筒形多孔载体或权利要求7所述制备方法制备的圆筒形多孔载体；所述活性组分负载在圆筒形多孔载体的载体层上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的催化剂，其特征在于，所述活性组分包括TiO 2、WO 3、V 2O 5、SiO 2、Al 2O 3、ZrO 2、MnO 2、Pt、Pb、Ni、Cu、Rh、Ag和Pd中的一种或几种。
  10. 权利要求8～9任意一项所述的催化剂在汽车尾气处理中的应用。
  11. 权利要求8～9任意一项所述的催化剂作为脱硝催化剂、合成氨催化剂、合成气制甲醇催化剂、催化加氢催化剂、乙烯环氧化制环氧乙烷Ag催化剂或催化裂化催化剂的应用。
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