WO2021218865A1 - 电池模组、装置、电池包以及电池模组的制造方法和设备 - Google Patents

电池模组、装置、电池包以及电池模组的制造方法和设备 Download PDF

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WO2021218865A1
WO2021218865A1 PCT/CN2021/089665 CN2021089665W WO2021218865A1 WO 2021218865 A1 WO2021218865 A1 WO 2021218865A1 CN 2021089665 W CN2021089665 W CN 2021089665W WO 2021218865 A1 WO2021218865 A1 WO 2021218865A1
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type
battery
cell
capacity
batteries
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PCT/CN2021/089665
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English (en)
French (fr)
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梁成都
刘倩
李全国
叶永煌
李伟
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP21789597.8A priority Critical patent/EP3952000B8/en
Publication of WO2021218865A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021218865A1/zh
Priority to US17/563,080 priority patent/US20220123375A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0404—Machines for assembling batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/267—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders having means for adapting to batteries or cells of different types or different sizes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of energy storage devices, and in particular to a method and equipment for manufacturing battery modules, devices, battery packs, and battery modules.
  • the secondary battery is a clean and renewable resource, which can be used as a driving energy or storage unit in automobiles, energy storage and other fields.
  • NCM chemical system batteries use NCM ternary material as the battery cathode material, which has a higher volume energy density than the LFP material used in the commonly used lithium iron phosphate (hereinafter referred to as LFP) chemical system battery cathode material, so it can Get higher energy under the same volume conditions.
  • LFP lithium iron phosphate
  • CN208674305U provides a battery module comprising at least two ternary battery cells connected in series and a safety battery cell connected in series with the ternary battery cell.
  • the safety battery cell includes a lithium manganate battery cell and/or a lithium iron phosphate battery cell.
  • the thermal diffusion of the safety cell is less than that of the ternary cell, which can effectively block the overall thermal runaway diffusion of the battery module or delay the time of thermal diffusion, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery module.
  • the charging and discharging cycle of the ternary battery cell cannot fully release its energy, which affects the performance of the battery module.
  • the present application provides a battery module, a device, a battery pack, and a manufacturing method and manufacturing equipment of the battery module, which can effectively increase the energy of the battery module while ensuring the safety performance of the battery module.
  • a battery module provided in the first aspect of the present application includes: a first type of battery cell and a second type of battery connected in series, and the first type of battery and the second type of battery are of different chemical systems
  • the volumetric energy density of the first type of batteries is smaller than that of the second type of batteries; the capacity of the first type of batteries Cap1 is greater than the capacity of the second type of batteries Cap2.
  • cell refers to a battery cell that can be independently charged and discharged.
  • the cell structure includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, an electrolyte, and an outer packaging used to encapsulate the positive electrode, negative electrode, separator, and electrolyte.
  • This application does not have any special restrictions on the type and shape of the battery cell, which can be a soft-packed battery cell, a cylindrical battery cell, or a square battery cell.
  • the “battery module” is formed by electrically connecting a certain number of electric cores together and putting them into a frame to protect the electric cores from external impact, heat, vibration, etc.
  • the “battery pack” is made by assembling various control and protection systems such as battery management systems and thermal management components on one or more battery modules (or directly combined by multiple cells).
  • “Chemical system cells” are classified according to the types of cell cathode materials, and the doped or added auxiliary materials are not limited.
  • cells whose cathode material is lithium iron phosphate (including element-doped) can be defined as iron phosphate Lithium chemical system batteries
  • the positive electrode material is nickel cobalt manganese lithium (generally referred to as NCM) batteries
  • NCM chemical system batteries nickel cobalt lithium aluminate system batteries (generally referred to as NCA) for the positive electrode material is NCA Chemical system cells
  • NCA chemical system cells are all ternary material chemical system cells.
  • Capacity is the initial capacity of the cell, the specific value is: the first type of cell and the second type of cell at room temperature (25°C), within their specific charge and discharge limit termination voltage, with 0.33C as the discharge
  • the volume energy density of the second type of battery is greater than that of the first type of battery, so that under the same volume conditions, the second type of battery has more energy than the first type of battery.
  • the capacity Cap1 of the cell is greater than the capacity Cap2 of the second type of cell, so that during the charge and discharge cycle of the battery module, the impact of the first type of cell on the energy release of the second type of cell is reduced, and the energy of the second type of cell is fully utilized.
  • the feature of high density ensures the energy of the battery module and improves the energy throughput and service life of the battery module.
  • the capacity Cap1 of the first type cell and the capacity Cap2 of the second type cell satisfy the following condition: 0.01 ⁇ (Cap1/Cap2)-1 ⁇ 0.5.
  • the energy density of the first type of cell is less than the energy density of the second type of cell. Under the same volume, the energy of the second type of cell is greater than the energy of the first type of cell.
  • the capacity Cap1 of the first type of battery cell is greater than the capacity of the second type of battery Cap2, which can fully relieve the first type of battery and the second type of battery in series, but for the second type of battery (that is, the high volume energy density battery) Release energy (the product of cell capacity and platform voltage determines the energy released by the cell, energy unit: watt-hour, English abbreviation Wh).
  • the larger the capacity of the same chemical system cell the larger the volume.
  • the ratio of the capacity value of the first type of cell to the capacity value of the second type of cell (Cap1/Cap2) is too large, the larger the volume ratio of the first type of cell in the battery module, the overall volumetric energy density of the battery module The lower, thus affecting the overall performance of the battery module.
  • Controlling the value of (Cap1/Cap2) within the range of 0.01 ⁇ (Cap1/Cap2)-1 ⁇ 0.5 can ensure the safety of the battery module, and at the same time fully release the energy of the second type of cells, while taking into account safety and the overall energy density of the battery. In turn, the overall performance of the battery module is improved.
  • the specific settings need to be determined according to the battery selection of different chemical system types and the actual needs of the battery. In some exemplary embodiments, 0.02 ⁇ (Cap1/Cap2)-1 ⁇ 0.25, and in other exemplary embodiments, 0.04 ⁇ (Cap1/Cap2)-1 ⁇ 0.15.
  • the capacity decay rate of the second type of cell is less than that of the first type of cell.
  • the capacity decay rate of the core that is, when the capacity retention rate of the first type of battery and the second type of battery decays to 80% of the capacity (initial capacity)
  • the number of cycles of the second type of battery is greater than that of the first type of battery Cycles.
  • the capacity of the first type of cell under working conditions decays faster, and the capacity of the second type of cell decays more slowly.
  • the initial capacity of the battery module improves the overall service life of the battery module, that is, the number of battery cycles before the overall attenuation rate of the battery module reaches 80%.
  • the battery module includes a first-type battery cells and b second-type battery cells, where a and b are natural numbers, and a ⁇ 1, b ⁇ 1, 0.1 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 50, in some exemplary embodiments, 0.5 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 30, and in other exemplary embodiments, 1 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 10.
  • the first type of battery has high capacity, low energy density, and high safety
  • the second type of battery has low capacity, high energy density, and slightly poorer safety
  • the first type of battery is conducive to the second with high energy density.
  • the energy of the battery cell is used, but as the number of the first battery cell increases, the overall energy density of the battery module is directly reduced.
  • the number ratio (a/b) of the first type batteries and the second type batteries is 0.1 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 3, which can ensure the overall safety performance of the battery module and realize the energy release of the second type batteries while improving
  • the overall volumetric energy density of the battery module improves the overall performance of the battery module.
  • the first-type batteries and the second-type batteries are arranged in at least one row, and at least part of the second-type batteries are located between the two first-type batteries.
  • the first and second types of batteries belonging to different chemical systems have different expansion and thermal conductivity. Arranging the first type of batteries and the second type of batteries in parallel and spaced apart can achieve heat conduction.
  • the low-temperature batteries absorb the heat of the high-temperature batteries in an appropriate amount, thereby effectively suppressing the thermal diffusion rate and heating of the high-temperature batteries Speed, improve the overall safety performance of the battery module, if it is in a low-temperature operating environment, the high-temperature battery transfers heat to the low-temperature battery, thereby improving the operating state of the low-temperature battery, thereby improving the overall working performance of the battery module.
  • this structure Arranging the first type of batteries and the second type of batteries at intervals, this structure also helps to alleviate the problem of local stress concentration caused by the centralized arrangement of the batteries based on the same chemical system.
  • the first type of batteries and the second type of batteries are reasonable The arrangement can effectively release the internal stress of the battery and improve the safety performance of the battery module.
  • the batteries of the first type and the batteries of the second type satisfy at least one of the following conditions:
  • the ratio of the specific heat capacity C1 of the first type cell to the specific heat capacity C2 of the second type cell is 0.9 ⁇ C1/C2 ⁇ 10. In some exemplary embodiments, it may be 1 ⁇ C1/C2 ⁇ 6. In some exemplary embodiments, it may be 1.5 ⁇ C1/C2 ⁇ 3;
  • Specific heat capacity refers to the amount of heat absorbed (or released) per unit of mass of a substance that increases (or decreases) per unit temperature.
  • the greater the specific heat capacity the stronger the material's ability to absorb or dissipate heat.
  • the greater the specific heat capacity the smaller the temperature rise of the battery cell when the unit mass of the battery cell is heated with the same amount of heat.
  • the smaller the specific heat capacity the greater the temperature rise of the cell when the cell of unit mass is heated with the same amount of heat.
  • two cells with different specific heat capacities are connected, and the cell with a larger temperature rise can transfer heat to the cell with a smaller temperature rise, which is beneficial to the overall heat management of the module and the battery pack.
  • control C1/C2 within the range of 0.9 ⁇ C1/C2 ⁇ 10 by controlling the heat absorption capacity of the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery, adjusting the overall heat distribution during the operation of the module, and optimizing the model Group operating performance. For example, in a high-temperature operating environment, cells with high specific heat capacity can properly absorb the heat emitted by cells with low specific heat capacity; in a low-temperature operating environment, cells with low specific heat capacity transfer heat to the cells with high specific heat capacity in a timely manner, thereby optimizing the battery The overall heat distribution of the module improves the operating state of the battery module.
  • the ratio of the thermal conductivity ⁇ 1 of the first type cell to the thermal conductivity ⁇ 2 of the second type cell is 0.5 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3, and in some exemplary embodiments, it may be 0.7 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2. In other exemplary embodiments, it may be 0.9 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1.5.
  • the thermal conductivity of the cell refers to the thermal conductivity value from the direction perpendicular to the large surface of the pole piece.
  • Poly piece large surface refers to the direction parallel to the surface of the active material of the pole piece in the cell pole piece, and the direction perpendicular to the large surface of the pole piece is the direction of thermal conductivity measurement.
  • the thermal conductivity reflects the thermal conductivity of a substance. The higher the value, the stronger the thermal conductivity.
  • This application controls the thermal conductivity ratio ( ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2) of the first type cell and the second type cell to control the heat transfer rate inside the first type cell and the second type cell and between the two types of cells And ability. Specifically, a cell with a larger thermal conductivity coefficient transfers heat faster, and a cell with a smaller thermal conductivity coefficient transfers heat slower. Two cells with different thermal conductivity are connected.
  • the cell with faster heat transfer can transfer heat to the adjacent cell with slower heat transfer; on the other hand, at high temperature or higher heat generation
  • the cells with faster heat transfer will not accumulate heat, thereby ensuring better low-temperature performance and higher safety performance of the modules and battery packs.
  • the value of ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 is controlled within the range of 0.5 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3. It can effectively adjust the overall heat transfer rate and heat distribution of the module to optimize the operating performance of the module.
  • the high-temperature battery cell can transfer heat to the low-temperature battery cell in a timely manner to avoid the overall performance degradation of the battery module caused by uneven heat distribution; in a low-temperature operating environment, the high-temperature battery cell The heat is transferred to the low-temperature battery cell in a timely manner, so that the low-temperature battery cell heats up in a timely manner, thereby optimizing the overall heat distribution of the battery module, and thereby improving the operating state of the battery module.
  • the ratio of the density ⁇ 1 of the first type of cell to the density ⁇ 2 of the second type of cell is 0.6 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3, in some exemplary embodiments it may be 0.8 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2, in others In an exemplary embodiment, it may be 0.9 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1.5.
  • the density of the cell also affects the heat transfer capacity.
  • This application controls the rate of heat transfer between the first type of battery and the second type of battery and the rate of heat transfer between the first type of battery and the second type of battery by controlling the weight density ratio ( ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2) of the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery cell. And ability.
  • ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 is controlled within the above range. It can effectively adjust the overall heat transfer rate and heat distribution of the module to optimize the operating performance of the module.
  • the high-temperature battery cell can transfer heat to the low-temperature battery cell in a timely manner to avoid the overall performance of the battery module caused by uneven heat distribution; in a low-temperature operating environment, the high-temperature battery cell will timely The heat is transferred to the low-temperature battery cell, so that the low-temperature battery cell heats up in a timely manner, thereby optimizing the overall heat distribution of the battery module, and thereby improving the operating state of the battery module.
  • the specific heat capacity ratio, conductivity ratio, and density ratio of the first type of cell and the second type of cell are based on the type of cell, the structure of the battery module, and the overall coordination and debugging of the application environment to optimize the battery model. Group overall performance.
  • the average capacity Cap1n of the first type of cells is greater than the capacity Cap2n of the second type of cells. In some exemplary embodiments, 0.01 ⁇ (Cap1n/Cap2n)-1 ⁇ 0.5.
  • This application includes multiple first-type batteries and second-type batteries, and the ratio of the average capacity (Cap1n/Cap2n) of the first-type batteries and the second-type batteries is controlled to be 0.01 ⁇ (Cap1n/Cap2n)- In the range of 1 ⁇ 0.5, the safety of the battery module can be ensured, and the discharge capacity of each second-type battery cell can be fully released at the same time, taking into account safety and the overall capacity of the battery, thereby improving the overall performance of the battery module.
  • the specific value can be determined by the design requirements of the battery module. In some exemplary embodiments, 0.02 ⁇ (Cap1n/Cap2n)-1 ⁇ 0.25, and in other exemplary embodiments, 0.04 ⁇ (Cap1n/Cap2n)-1 ⁇ 0.15.
  • the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery cell include, but are not limited to, lithium/sodium/magnesium ion batteries, lithium/sodium/magnesium metal batteries, lithium/sodium/magnesium-all solid state/ Semi-solid/quasi-solid/polymer/gel electrolyte-cells, and other rechargeable secondary cells. This application does not limit the types of batteries.
  • the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery meet at least one of the following conditions: the platform voltage V1 of the first type of battery is 3.15V ⁇ 0.05V ⁇ 4.75V ⁇ 0.05V ;
  • the second type of battery cell platform voltage V2 is 3.60 ⁇ 3.80V ⁇ 0.05V.
  • platform voltage refers to: for a cell whose cathode material is a two-phase phase change material (such as LFP), its phase change voltage is its platform voltage; for a cell whose cathode material is a solid solution material (such as LCO or ternary material) battery, its discharge capacity to half of its initial capacity voltage.
  • the specific values are as follows: the platform voltage of the cell of the conventional lithium cobalt oxide chemical system is about 3.7V, the platform voltage of the cell of the lithium manganese oxide (LMO) chemical system is about 3.8V, and the platform voltage of the NCM chemical system cell Between 3.5V and 3.85V, the platform voltage of the lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemical system cell is about 3.22V.
  • the product of the capacity of the first type of cell and its platform voltage is greater than the product of the capacity of the second type of cell and its platform voltage.
  • the first type of cells can be LFP chemical system cells or LMO chemical system cells, etc.
  • the second type of cells can be ternary material chemical system cells (such as NCM chemical system cells or NCA chemical system cells). System batteries) and so on.
  • the voltage and capacity of the battery cell are the key factors for the energy released by the battery cell, and a reasonable platform voltage helps to improve the battery performance.
  • the specific selection is determined according to the battery cell capacity and the actual needs of the battery module.
  • the first type of cell is a lithium iron phosphate chemical system cell; the second type of cell is a ternary material chemical system cell.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a battery pack, which includes the above-mentioned battery module.
  • the “battery pack” may refer to the final state of the battery system installed in an electric device such as an electric vehicle.
  • a device provided by the present application includes the above-mentioned battery module and uses the battery module as a power source.
  • the device includes, but is not limited to: vehicles, ships, airplanes, and various energy storage devices. This application does not limit the type and scope of the device.
  • the third aspect of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a battery module, including:
  • the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery are batteries of different chemical systems
  • the volume energy density of the first type of battery is less than the volume energy density of the second type of battery
  • the capacity Cap1 of the first type cell is greater than the capacity Cap2 of the second type cell.
  • obtaining the first-type battery cells and the second-type battery cells includes: obtaining a first-type battery cells and b second-type battery cells, where a and b are natural numbers, and a ⁇ 1, b ⁇ 1, 0.1 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 50, in some exemplary embodiments, 0.5 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 30, and in other exemplary embodiments, 1 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 10.
  • the step of connecting the batteries of the first type and the batteries of the second type in series includes:
  • the capacity Cap1 of the first type cell and the capacity Cap2 of the second type cell meet the following conditions: 0.01 ⁇ (Cap1/Cap2)-1 ⁇ 0.5, in some exemplary embodiments, 0.02 ⁇ (Cap1/Cap2)-1 ⁇ 0.25, in other exemplary embodiments, 0.04 ⁇ (Cap1/Cap2)-1 ⁇ 0.15.
  • the fourth aspect of the present application provides a battery module manufacturing equipment, including a processor,
  • the processor is used to control the clamp arm to obtain the first type of battery and the second type of battery, the first type of battery and the second type of battery are batteries of different chemical systems;
  • the processor is also used to control the assembly components, connect the first type of battery and the second type of battery in series to form a battery module;
  • the volumetric energy density of the first type of battery cell is smaller than that of the second type of battery; and, the capacity Cap1 of the first type of battery cell is greater than the capacity of the second type of battery Cap2.
  • the batteries and devices provided in the embodiments of the present application can solve other The technical problems, other technical features included in the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects brought about by these technical features will be further described in detail in the specific implementation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the capacity retention and the life of an embodiment of a lithium iron phosphate chemical system battery cell in some situations;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the capacity retention and the life of an embodiment of the NCM chemical system battery cell in some situations;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between battery cell capacity retention and life in one embodiment of the battery module of an embodiment of a lithium iron phosphate chemical system battery cell and an NCM chemical system battery module connected in series in some cases;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between battery cell capacity retention and service life in a battery module of an embodiment of the battery module of the present application;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the device of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a method for manufacturing a battery module of the present application
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a manufacturing equipment for a battery module.
  • the energy of the secondary battery is often increased by increasing the number of cells of the secondary battery or developing high-volume energy density cells such as NCM chemical system cells.
  • increasing the number of batteries will increase the quality and volume of the secondary battery, and the safety performance of the batteries of the NCM chemical system is poor.
  • the LFP chemical system cell with a higher safety factor and the NCM chemical system cell are used in series, the high volume energy density characteristics of the NCM chemical system cell cannot be used. How to take into account the safety of the secondary battery while improving the output energy of the secondary battery is still an urgent problem in the industry.
  • the capacity of the cell directly determines the energy output of the cell.
  • Cells of different chemical system types have different life decay modes.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic diagram of the relationship between the capacity retention and the life of the cell in an embodiment of the LFP system cell
  • the X axis represents the working time of the cell, that is, its life
  • the Y axis represents the capacity of the cell (in Ah).
  • L1 is the capacity decay curve of the LFP chemical system cell. The life of the LFP chemical system cell decays faster in the early stage, then gradually slows down and approaches the linear decay mode, and the linear slope of the later flattening linearity changes from large to small.
  • the cumulative energy output during the theoretical life cycle of the LFP is E Lt , x is the total number of cycles; S1 is the area from below L1 to the X-axis area, which represents the total cumulative capacity of the LFP chemical system cell throughout the life cycle, and S1 determines the energy of the LFP chemical system cell throughout the life cycle Total output.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the capacity retention and the lifespan of the cell in an embodiment of the NCM system cell.
  • L2 is the capacity decay curve of the NCM chemical system cell.
  • the NCM chemical system cell decays slowly in the early stage, and the later decay becomes faster and approaches a linear decay mode.
  • the cumulative energy output during the theoretical life cycle is E Nt , y is the total number of cycles.
  • S2 is the area from below L2 to the X-axis region, which represents the total cumulative capacity of the NCM chemical system cell throughout its life cycle, and S2 determines the total energy output of the NCM chemical system cell throughout its life cycle.
  • the LFP chemical system cell in Figure 1 and the NCM chemical system cell in Figure 2 are connected in series to form a module (where the LFP chemical system cell and the NCM chemical system cell have the same capacity Value), the output energy of the module is the sum of the energy corresponding to the overlapping part of S1 in Figure 1 and S2 in Figure 2, that is, the energy corresponding to the capacity represented by the filling part S3 in Figure 3, and the S4 part refers to the capacity
  • the corresponding energy (which originally belonged to the energy contained in the cells of the NCM chemical system) did not perform its function and was wasted (among them, when the module is discharged, the cells of the LFP chemical system and the cells of the NCM chemical system are used separately.
  • the commonly used platform voltage for example, the LFP chemical system cell platform voltage is 3.22v, and the NCM chemical system cell platform voltage is 3.68v).
  • this application provides a battery module, including: a first type of battery cell and a second type of battery connected in series, the first type of battery and the second type of battery are batteries of different chemical systems, the first The volume energy density of the battery cell is smaller than that of the battery cell of the second type.
  • the capacity Cap1 of the first type cell is greater than the capacity Cap2 of the second type cell.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the battery cell capacity retention and the lifespan of the battery module in an embodiment of the battery module of the present application.
  • the LFP chemical system cell is the first type of cell
  • the NCM chemical system cell is the second type of cell.
  • the capacity Cap1 of the first type cell is greater than the capacity value Cap2 of the second type cell.
  • the optional values of Cap1 and Cap2 are between 5Ah and 500Ah, such as 5Ah, 10Ah, 100Ah, 250Ah, 500Ah, and so on.
  • the first type of cell is an LFP cell, and its platform voltage is set to 3.22V
  • the second type of cell is an NCM cell, and its platform voltage is set to 3.68V, and the charge-discharge cycle runs.
  • L11 is the capacity retention curve of the first type of chemical system cell
  • L21 is the capacity retention curve of the second type of chemical system cell.
  • the cell capacity (initial capacity) of the first type of chemical system is greater than the capacity of the second type of chemical system (initial capacity); then, in the first half, the first type of chemical system cell's early capacity decays faster.
  • the initial capacity decay of the batteries of the second type chemical system is relatively slow.
  • the capacity values of the two types of batteries are the same for the first time; during this period, the total energy output of the battery module depends on the second type of batteries The total capacity, even if the total theoretical capacity of the first type of batteries is greater than the total theoretical capacity of the second type of batteries;
  • the capacity protection of the first type of cell gradually slowed down and approached the linear attenuation mode, and the linear slope of the later flattened line changed from large to small, and the second type of cell attenuated faster in the later period and approached the linear attenuation mode.
  • the capacity values of the two types of cells are the same for the second time (ie, L11 and L21 cross point B).
  • the total energy output of the battery module depends on the total capacity of the first type of batteries, even if the total theoretical capacity of the second type of batteries is greater than the total theoretical capacity of the first type of batteries
  • the total energy output of the battery module depends on the total capacity of the second type of batteries, even if the total theoretical capacity of the first type of batteries is greater than the total capacity of the second type of batteries.
  • the energy corresponding to the capacity represented by the area S41 formed between the two points A and B of the curves L11 and L21 is the unreleased energy of the second type of battery cell.
  • the area of S41 in Figure 4 is significantly smaller than the area of S4 in Figure 3, which is effective Reduce the energy waste of the second type of batteries.
  • the battery module provided in this embodiment more efficiently releases the energy of the second type of battery cell with high energy density, and gives full play to the large volume energy density of the second type of battery (ie, high volume energy density battery) , So as to ensure the overall energy output of the battery module and improve the performance of the battery module.
  • the capacity Cap1 of the first type battery cell and the capacity Cap2 of the second type battery cell meet the following conditions: 0.01 ⁇ (Cap1/Cap2)-1 ⁇ 0.5, so as to ensure the safety of the battery module and at the same time fully release the At the same time, the discharge capacity of the second-class battery cell takes into account safety and the overall capacity of the battery, thereby improving the overall performance of the battery module.
  • the capacity decay rate of the second type cell is less than that of the first type cell.
  • the capacity decay rate of the core that is, when the capacity retention rate of the first type of battery and the second type of battery decays to 80% of their capacity (initial capacity)
  • the number of cycles of the second type of battery is greater than that of the first type of battery The number of cycles.
  • the first type cell and the second type cell meet at least one of the following conditions: the platform voltage V1 of the first type cell is 3.15V ⁇ 0.05V ⁇ 4.75V ⁇ 0.05V, such as LiMnxFe(1- x) PO4 or LMO, for example, the LiFePO4 system is 3.20 ⁇ 0.05V; the second type of battery cell platform voltage V2 is 3.60 ⁇ 3.80V ⁇ 0.05V, such as the NCM chemical system battery.
  • the platform voltage V1 of the first type cell is 3.15V ⁇ 0.05V ⁇ 4.75V ⁇ 0.05V, such as LiMnxFe(1- x) PO4 or LMO, for example, the LiFePO4 system is 3.20 ⁇ 0.05V
  • the second type of battery cell platform voltage V2 is 3.60 ⁇ 3.80V ⁇ 0.05V, such as the NCM chemical system battery.
  • the first type of battery cell is conducive to the energy release of the second type of battery with a large volume energy density, but as the number of the first type of battery increases, the overall volume energy density of the battery module is directly reduced.
  • the battery module includes a first-type battery cells and b second-type battery cells, where a and b are natural numbers. In some examples, 0.1 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 50, in other examples, 0.5 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 30, and in still other examples, 1 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 10.
  • the overall safety performance of the battery module can be ensured and the second type of battery cell energy density can be realized.
  • the overall volumetric energy density of the battery module can be improved, and the overall battery module can be improved. performance.
  • the first-type batteries and the second-type batteries are arranged in at least one row, and at least part of the second-type batteries are located between the two first-type batteries.
  • the reasonable arrangement of the first and second types of cells can effectively release the internal stress of the battery and improve the safety performance of the battery module.
  • the average capacity Cap1n of the plurality of first-type batteries is greater than the average capacity Cap2n of the second-type batteries.
  • 0.01 ⁇ ( Cap1n/Cap2n)-1 ⁇ 0.5 Within the above range, the safety of the battery module can be ensured, and the discharge capacity of each second-type battery cell can be fully released. At the same time, safety and the overall capacity of the battery can be used, thereby improving the overall performance of the battery module.
  • Cap1n and Cap2n are set according to actual battery module requirements. In other examples, 0.02 ⁇ (Cap1n/Cap2n)-1 ⁇ 0.25, and in other examples, 0.04 ⁇ (Cap1n/Cap2n)-1 ⁇ 0.15.
  • the batteries will dissipate heat during operation. Based on the different chemical systems of the first type of battery and the second type of battery, their heat dissipation characteristics are different, which in turn causes the local heat difference of the battery module. , Control the specific heat capacity ratio and conductivity ratio of the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery to improve the performance of the battery module, specifically:
  • the ratio of the specific heat capacity C1 of the first type cell to the specific heat capacity C2 of the second type cell is 0.9 ⁇ C1/C2 ⁇ 10, in some examples it can be 1 ⁇ C1/C2 ⁇ 6, in other examples it can be 1.5 ⁇ C1/C2 ⁇ 3;
  • Specific heat capacity refers to the amount of heat absorbed (or released) per unit of mass of a substance that increases (or decreases) per unit temperature. The greater the specific heat capacity, the stronger the material's ability to absorb or dissipate heat.
  • a battery with a high specific heat capacity can properly absorb the heat emitted by a battery with a low specific heat capacity; in a low-temperature operating environment, a battery with a low specific heat capacity can transfer heat to the battery with a higher specific heat capacity in a timely manner, thereby optimizing the battery
  • the overall heat distribution of the module improves the operating state of the battery module.
  • the ratio of the thermal conductivity ⁇ 1 of the first type cell to the thermal conductivity ⁇ 2 of the second type cell is 0.5 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3, in some examples it can be 0.7 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2, in other examples it can be 0.9 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1.5.
  • the thermal conductivity of the cell refers to the thermal conductivity value in the direction from the center of the cell to the explosion-proof component of the cell.
  • the thermal conductivity reflects the thermal conductivity of a substance. The higher the value, the stronger the thermal conductivity.
  • This application controls the heat transfer between the first and second types of batteries and the heat transfer between the first type of batteries and the second type of batteries by controlling the ratio of thermal conductivity ( ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2) between the first type of batteries and the second type of batteries. Speed and capacity. Controlling the ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 value within the above range can effectively adjust the overall heat transfer rate and heat distribution of the module, and optimize the operating performance of the module.
  • the high-temperature battery cell can transfer heat to the low-temperature battery cell in a timely manner to avoid the overall performance of the battery module caused by uneven heat distribution; in a low-temperature operating environment, the high-temperature battery cell will timely The heat is transferred to the low-temperature battery cell, so that the low-temperature battery cell heats up in a timely manner, thereby optimizing the overall heat distribution of the battery module, and thereby improving the operating state of the battery module.
  • the ratio of the density ⁇ 1 of the first type cell to the density ⁇ 2 of the second type cell is 0.6 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3, in some examples it can be 0.8 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2, in other examples it can be 0.9 ⁇ ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1.5.
  • the density of the cell also affects the heat transfer capacity.
  • This application controls the rate of heat transfer between the first type of battery and the second type of battery and the rate of heat transfer between the first type of battery and the second type of battery by controlling the weight density ratio ( ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2) of the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery cell. And ability.
  • ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 2 is controlled within the above range. It can effectively adjust the overall heat transfer rate and heat distribution of the module to optimize the operating performance of the module.
  • the high-temperature battery cell can transfer heat to the low-temperature battery cell in a timely manner to avoid the overall performance of the battery module caused by uneven heat distribution; in a low-temperature operating environment, the high-temperature battery cell will timely The heat is transferred to the low-temperature battery cell, so that the low-temperature battery cell heats up in a timely manner, thereby optimizing the overall heat distribution of the battery module, and thereby improving the operating state of the battery module.
  • the specific heat capacity ratio, conductivity ratio, and density ratio of the first type of cell and the second type of cell are based on the type of cell, the structure of the battery module, and the overall coordination and debugging of the application environment to optimize the battery model. Group overall performance.
  • the first type of cell is the LFP chemical system cell
  • the second type of cell is the NCM chemical system cell, but it does not limit the first type of cell and the second type of cell in other embodiments of this application s Choice.
  • the second type of cell can be the NCM chemical system cell, the nickel cobalt lithium aluminate chemical system cell, the lithium cobalt oxide chemical system cell, or the manganese acid cell.
  • Lithium chemical system batteries, etc. if the second type of batteries are ternary material chemical system batteries, the first type of batteries can be LFP chemical system batteries, nickel cobalt lithium aluminate chemical system batteries, and lithium cobalt oxide chemical batteries. System batteries, or lithium manganate chemical system batteries, etc.
  • first type of batteries and the second type of batteries include but are not limited to lithium/sodium/magnesium ion batteries, lithium/sodium/magnesium metal batteries, lithium/sodium/magnesium-all solid/semi-solid/ Quasi-solid/polymer/gel electrolyte-cells, and other rechargeable secondary cells.
  • the preparation methods of the batteries in each embodiment and comparative example are as follows.
  • the positive electrode material, the conductive carbon Super P, and the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are mixed in an appropriate amount of N-methylpyrrolidone (abbreviated as NMP) solvent at a weight ratio of 95:3:2 to make it form Uniform, stable slurry with a viscosity of 3000mPa ⁇ s to 20000mPa ⁇ s.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the positive electrode material slurry is uniformly coated on the positive electrode current collector Al foil, and after drying, the pole pieces are cold pressed to the designed compaction, and the positive pole pieces are obtained by stripping for later use.
  • An equal volume of ethylene carbonate is dissolved in propylene carbonate, and then an appropriate amount of lithium hexafluorophosphate is uniformly dissolved in the mixed solvent for later use to obtain an electrolyte.
  • negative electrode active materials such as graphite and conductive carbon, binder polystyrene butadiene copolymer (SBR), thickener sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in an appropriate amount in a weight ratio of 95:2:2:1 Stir and mix thoroughly in the water solvent to form a uniform negative electrode stable slurry; evenly coat the slurry on the negative electrode current collector Cu foil, dry, cold press the pole pieces to the designed compaction, and divide them into strips for later use.
  • SBR binder polystyrene butadiene copolymer
  • CMC thickener sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
  • the positive pole piece, the separator and the negative pole piece are wound together to form a bare cell, and then placed in the battery case, the electrolyte is injected, and then the process of forming and sealing is carried out to obtain the final product.
  • Rechargeable power cell Rechargeable power cell.
  • the discharge capacity is the capacity value of the battery.
  • the charge and discharge rate is 0.33C (C represents the rated capacity of the battery cell.
  • the charge/discharge current is the rate multiplied by the rated capacity of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell capacity identified in the GBT certification document of the battery pack shall prevail).
  • the test procedure for the capacity of the cell is as follows: 1) Let stand for 30 minutes at 25°C; 2) Discharge at a constant current of 0.33C to the discharge termination voltage (for example, the cell of the NCM chemical system is set to 2.8V, and the LFP chemical system Set the battery cell to 2.5V), and then let it stand for 30 minutes; 3) 0.33C constant current charge to the charge termination voltage (for example, the NCM chemical system cell is set to 4.2V, 4.25V, 4.3V according to the specific cell type , 4.35V, 4.4V, 4.45V, etc., LFP chemical system cells are generally 3.65V, and the end-of-charge voltage of the cells is recognized as known in the industry), charge at a constant voltage to a current of ⁇ 0.05C, and then stand for 5 minutes; 4 ) 0.33C constant current discharge to discharge termination voltage.
  • the measured discharge capacity is the capacity value of the battery cell.
  • Test method for cell capacity retention rate refer to GB/T 31484-2015 "Requirements and Test Methods for Cycle Life of Power Batteries for Electric Vehicles”.
  • the charge/discharge current is the ratio multiplied by the rated capacity of the battery cell, and the rated capacity is based on the battery cell , Or the battery cell capacity recognized in the GBT certification document of the battery module to which the battery cell belongs or the battery pack to the battery pack shall be subject to constant current discharge to the cell discharge termination voltage, and then let it stand for 30 minutes; 3) 0.33C Charge with constant current to the end voltage of the battery cell, and charge with constant voltage until the current is ⁇ 0.05C, and stand for 5 minutes; 4) Discharge at a constant current of 0.33C to the end voltage of the cell discharge, and then stand for 5 minutes. The discharge capacity measured from step 3) to step 4) is counted as Cap0.
  • Step 1) ⁇ Step 4) is a charge and discharge cycle of the battery cell.
  • Step 1) ⁇ Step 5)
  • the measured discharge capacity is Cap10;
  • the discharge capacity measured from step 7) to step 9) is the capacity Capx of the cell at a specific temperature.
  • Test 1 Module heating triggers thermal runaway test, refer to the document of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology [2016] No. 377 of the safety technical conditions for electric buses.
  • a test module composed of two or more cells to be tested depending on the specific scenario, it is necessary to determine whether a heat insulation pad is added between the cells and the thickness of the heat insulation pad, and whether to turn on the water circulation.
  • Select the trigger method for heating out of control such as the heating plate/heating plate heating method, the battery is fully charged, the simple module is fixed with a fixture, the heating plate is placed close to the large surface of the first cell, and the simple mold is fixed with two steel plate fixtures Group.
  • the heating plate Connect the heating plate to the power supply, turn on the heating plate power supply device and start heating until the first cell has thermal runaway, turn off the heating plate, observe and record the time when the second/N cell has thermal runaway; if thermal runaway is triggered If the cell does not cause fire or explosion of adjacent cells, it is judged that the heat spread barrier is realized, otherwise, it is judged that heat spread has occurred.
  • Test 2 Using module acupuncture to trigger thermal runaway test, refer to GB/T 31485-2015. Specific test method:
  • test whether a cell in the module will spread to adjacent cells after thermal runaway due to acupuncture If the battery is fully charged, choose two steel plate fixtures with holes to fix the simple module.
  • Use ⁇ 3 ⁇ 8mm high temperature resistant stainless steel needle (the needle angle is 20° ⁇ 60°, the needle surface is smooth, no rust, oxide layer and oil stain), and the speed is 0.1 ⁇ 40mm/s from perpendicular to the battery core
  • the direction of the pole plate penetrates to the first cell to trigger thermal runaway. Observe and record the time when the adjacent second/N cells have thermal runaway; the cell that triggers thermal runaway does not cause the adjacent cells to catch fire or explode.
  • the heat spread barrier is realized, otherwise it is judged that heat spread has occurred.
  • the capacity retention rate refers to the retention rate of the battery, that is, the capacity retention rate measured with each cell in the battery module as a whole.
  • the present application provides a battery pack, which includes the above-mentioned battery module.
  • the present application also provides a device including the above-mentioned battery module, and the battery module is used as a power source.
  • the device is an automobile, and a battery pack 10 is installed in the automobile as its power source.
  • the above-mentioned devices include, but are not limited to: vehicles, ships, airplanes, and various energy storage devices. This application does not limit the type and scope of the device.
  • the present application also provides a method for manufacturing a battery module, which includes the steps:
  • Step S1 Obtain a first type of battery cell and a second type of battery, where the first type of battery and the second type of battery are batteries of different chemical systems;
  • the volume energy density of the first type of battery is less than the volume energy density of the second type of battery
  • the capacity Cap1 of the first type cell is greater than the capacity Cap2 of the second type cell.
  • Obtaining the batteries of the first type and the batteries of the second type includes: obtaining a plurality of batteries of the first type and the batteries of the second type.
  • the battery module includes a first-type battery cells and b second-type battery cells, where a and b are natural numbers. And a ⁇ 1, b ⁇ 1, 0.1 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 50, in some examples, 0.5 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 30, in other examples, 1 ⁇ a/b ⁇ 10
  • a and b are not limited.
  • a is 1, 2, 3...n
  • b is 1, 2, 3...n
  • the arrangement of the first type of battery cell and the second type of battery core is not Restricted.
  • Step S2 connecting the first type battery and the second type battery in series to form a battery module
  • the step of connecting the first type of batteries and the second type of batteries in series includes: if a ⁇ 2, arranging the first type of batteries and the second type of batteries in at least one row, and at least part of the first type of batteries
  • the second-type battery is located between two first-type batteries; the first-type battery and the second-type battery are connected in series.
  • the spaced arrangement of the first type of batteries and the second type of batteries can strengthen the heat conduction between the first type of batteries and the second type of batteries, and reduce the expansion based on the first type of batteries and the second type of batteries. The stress, thereby improving the overall performance of the battery.
  • the manufacturing equipment of the battery module provided in this embodiment referring to FIG. 7, the equipment includes a processor 20.
  • the processor 20 is used to control the clamp arm 21 to obtain the first type of battery cell 31 and the second type of battery cell (not shown in the figure), the first type of battery cell 31 and the second type of battery cell are batteries of different chemical systems;
  • the processor 20 is also used to control the assembly part 22 to connect the first-type battery cells 31, 34 and the second-type battery core 33 in series to form a battery module;
  • the volume energy density of the first type of battery cell is less than the volume energy density of the second type of battery
  • the capacity Cap1 of the first type cell is greater than the capacity Cap2 of the second type cell.
  • the processor 20, the clamping arm 21 and the assembling part 22, and the method for the processor 20 to control the clamping arm 21 and the assembling part 22 are related technologies in the art, which do not limit the protection scope of the present application, and will not be repeated here.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种电池模组、装置、电池包以及电池模组的制造方法和设备，电池模组包括：串联连接的第一类电芯和第二类电芯，第一类电芯和第二类电芯为不同化学体系电芯，第一类电芯的体积能量密度小于第二类电芯的体积能量密度；第一类电芯的容量Cap1大于第二类电芯的容量Cap2。电池模组在确保电池模组安全性能同时，有效提升电池模组的使用寿命和能量吞吐量。

Description

电池模组、装置、电池包以及电池模组的制造方法和设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2020年04月30日提交的名称为“电池模组、装置、电池包以及电池模组的制造方法和设备”的中国专利申请202010367231.1的优先权，以及于2020年08月07日提交的名称为“电池模组、装置、电池包以及电池模组的制造方法和设备”的中国专利申请202010786641.X的优先权，上述申请的内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及储能器件技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池模组、装置、电池包以及电池模组的制造方法和设备。
背景技术
二次电池是一种清洁、可再生资源，其可作为驱动能源或存储单元被应用于汽车、储能等领域。
随着对能源环保要求提升，二次电池应用日益普及和广泛。而为了适应不同的环境和应用场景需要，业内对二次电池的性能提出新的要求。诸如，二次电池作为新能源汽车的驱动能源，为了满足汽车的日益提升的续航能力需求，对二次能量要求不断提高。
二次电池往往由多个电芯组合而成，业界常通过增加电芯个数以提升二次电池整体能量；抑或是开发新的化学体系电芯以提升二次电池能量，比如，开发以镍钴锰氧化物(简称，NCM)化学体系电芯。NCM化学体系电芯以NCM三元材料为电芯正极材料，其相比于常用的磷酸铁锂(以下简称LFP)化学体系电芯正极所采用的LFP材料具有更高的体积能量密度，因而可在相同的体积条件下获取更高的能量。
然而，增加电芯的数量固然可以起到提升二次电池能量的效果，但二次电池的重量和体积也会相应增加，使得二次电池使用受限；而诸如NCM化学体系电芯，其NCM材料在电芯使用过程中，出现产气严重、内阻增加，致使出现电芯发热严重、膨胀率高等不良现象，其严重影响了电池寿命周期和安全性能。
CN208674305U提供了一种电池模块，包括至少两个串联的三元电芯以及与三元电芯串联的安全电芯，所述安全电芯包括锰酸锂电池电芯和/或磷酸铁锂电池电芯；所述安全电芯热扩散小于三元电芯，因而能够有效地阻断电池模块整体热失控的扩散或 延缓热扩散的时间，从而提升电池模块的安全性能。然而使用过程中发现，三元电芯充放电循环过程无法充分释放其能量，影响电池模块性能。
为此，如何确保二次电池安全性能同时，进一步提升二次电池能量是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本申请提供一种电池模组、装置、电池包以及电池模组的制造方法和制造设备，在确保电池模组安全性能同时，有效提升电池模组的能量。
为了实现上述目的，本申请第一方面提供的一种电池模组，包括：串联连接的第一类电芯和第二类电芯，第一类电芯和第二类电芯为不同化学体系电芯，第一类电芯的体积能量密度小于第二类电芯的体积能量密度；第一类电芯的容量Cap1大于第二类电芯的容量Cap2。
本申请中，“电芯”是指能够独立进行充放电的电池单体。电芯结构包括正极、负极、隔膜、电解质以及用于封装正极极片、负极极片、隔膜和电解质的外包装等。本申请对电芯的类型、形状没有特别的限制，其可以是软包电芯，也可以是柱形电芯、或是方形电芯等各类电芯。“电池模块”是为了从外部冲击、热、振动等中保护电芯，将一定数目的电芯电连接在一起并放入一个框架中而形成的。“电池包”是在一个或多个电池模块(或直接由多个电芯组合)上装配电池管理系统、热管理部件等各种控制和保护系统而制成的。
“化学体系电芯”是按照电芯正极材料种类划分，对其掺杂或添加的辅料不作限定，例如，正极材料为磷酸铁锂(包括经元素掺杂的)的电芯可以定义为磷酸铁锂化学体系电芯，正极材料为镍钴锰酸锂(一般简称NCM)的电芯可以定义为NCM化学体系电芯，镍钴铝酸锂体系电芯(一般称NCA)为正极材料为NCA的化学体系电芯，且NCM和NCA化学体系电芯均属于三元材料化学体系电芯。
“容量”为电芯的初始容量，具体数值为：第一类电芯和第二类电芯在室温条件(25℃)下，在其特定的充放电限终止电压内，以0.33C为放电倍率所测得的容量，单位：安时(英文简称：Ah)。
第二类电芯的体积能量密度大于第一类电芯的体积能量密度，使得在相同的体积条件下，第二类电芯相比于第一类电芯拥有更大的能量，第一类电芯的容量Cap1大于第二类电芯的容量Cap2，使得在电池模组充放电循环过程中，降低第一类电芯对于第二类电芯能量释放影响，充分发挥第二类电芯能量密度大的特性，从而确保电池模组能量，提升电池模组能量吞吐量和使用寿命。
在一些可能的是实施例中，第一类电芯的容量Cap1和第二类电芯的容量Cap2满足以下条件：0.01≤(Cap1/Cap2)-1≤0.5。
第一类电芯的能量密度小于第二类电芯的能量密度，在相同的体积下，第二类电芯的能量大于第一类电芯的能量。第一类电芯的容量Cap1大于第二类电芯的容量Cap2，可充分缓解给予第一类电芯与第二类电芯串联而对于第二类电芯(即高体积能量密度电芯)释放能量(电芯容量与平台电压乘积决定了电芯释放能量，能量单位：瓦 时，英文简称Wh)的影响。但同一种化学体系电芯，容量越大，体积越大。若第一类电芯的容量数值与第二类电芯的容量数值比值(Cap1/Cap2)过大，在电池模组中第一类电芯的体积比例越大，电池模组整体体积能量密度越低，从而影响电池模组整体性能。将(Cap1/Cap2)数值控制在0.01≤(Cap1/Cap2)-1≤0.5范围内，可确保电池模组安全性，同时充分释放第二类电芯能量同时，兼顾安全和电池整体能量密度，进而提升电池模组整体性能。具体设置需根据不同化学体系类型电池选择以及电池实际需要确定。在一些示例性实施例中，0.02≤(Cap1/Cap2)-1≤0.25，在另一些示例性实施例中，0.04≤(Cap1/Cap2)-1≤0.15。
在一些可能的实施例中，当第一类电芯和第二类电芯的容量保持率衰减至容量(初始容量)的80％前，第二类电芯的容量衰减速率小于第一类电芯的容量衰减速率，即当第一类电芯和第二类电芯地容量保持率衰减至容量(初始容量)的80％时，第二类电芯的循环次数大于第一类电芯的循环次数。在二次电池的汽车运用等领域，电池(指代汽车上所有电芯或电池包的整体)循环使用过程中，当电池老化至一定程度后(如其容量衰减至小于其初始容量的80％)，可能无法满足汽车运行的要求。为此，本申请中，在工况条件下的第一类电芯容量衰减较快，第二类电芯容量衰减较慢，通过两类电芯的容量匹配设计，提高衰减较快的电芯的初始容量，改善电池模组整体使用寿命，即提升电池模组整体的衰减率达到80％前的电池循环次数。
在一些可能的实施例中，本申请中，电池模组包括a个第一类电芯和b个第二类电芯，其中，a和b为自然数，且a≥1，b≥1，0.1≤a/b≤50，在一些示例性实施例中，0.5≤a/b≤30，在另一些示例性实施例中，1≤a/b≤10。
本申请中，第一类电芯容量高，能量密度低，安全性高；第二类电芯容量低，能量密度高，安全性稍差；第一类电芯有利于大能量密度的第二类电芯的能量发挥，但随着第一类电芯数量增加，直接降低了电池模组的整体能量密度。上述将第一类电芯和第二类电芯的数量比(a/b)在0.1≤a/b≤3，可确保电池模组整体安全性能以及实现第二类电芯能量释放同时，提升电池模组整体的体积能量密度，进而提升电池模组整体性能。
在一些可能的实施例中，若a≥2，第一类电芯和第二类电芯排列成至少一列，至少部分第二类电芯位于两个第一类电芯之间。
电芯充放电循环过程中会出现产气、膨胀、发热等现象，该现象在电池内形成应力，过大的应力会影响电池性能和寿命。分属不同化学体系的第一类电芯和第二类电芯具有不同的膨胀度和热传导能力。将第一类电芯和第二类电芯并列间隔排列可实现热传导，在高温运行环境下，温度低的电芯适量吸收高温电芯的热量，从而有效抑制高温电芯的热扩散速度和升温速率，提升电池模组整体的安全性能，若是在低温运行环境下，高温电芯将热量传递至低温电芯，从而提升低温电芯的运行状态，从而提升电池模组整体工作性能。将第一类电芯和第二类电芯间隔排列，该结构还有助于缓解基于同一化学体系电芯集中排列而造成局部应力集中的问题，第一类电芯和第二类电芯合理排列可以有效释放电池内部的应力，提升电池模组安全性能。
在一些可能的实施例中，第一类电芯和第二类电芯满足如下至少一个条件：
条件一、第一类电芯比热容C1与第二类电芯的比热容C2的比值为0.9≤C1/C2≤10，在一些示例性实施例中，可为1≤C1/C2≤6，在另一些示例性实施例中，可为1.5≤C1/C2≤3；
比热容指单位质量的某种物质升高(或下降)单位温度所吸收(或放出)的热量。比热容越大，物质的吸热或散热能力越强。比热容越大，用相同的热量把单位质量的电芯加热时，电芯的温升越小。相反地，比热容越小，用相同的热量把单位质量的电芯加热时，电芯的温升越大。本申请中，比热容不同的两个电芯连接，温升较大的电芯可以把热量传递给温升较小的电芯，有利于模组和电池包整体的热量管理。具体地，将C1/C2控制在0.9≤C1/C2≤10范围内，通过控制第一类电芯和第二类电芯的热量吸收能力，调整模组运行过程中整体的热量分配，优化模组运行性能。比如，在高温运行环境下，使得比热容高的电芯适当吸收比热容低的电芯散发的热量；在低温运行环境下，比热容低的电芯适时将热量传递至比热容高的电芯，从而优化电池模组整体的热量分布，进而提升电池模组运行状态。
条件二、第一类电芯导热系数λ1与第二类电芯的导热系数λ2的比值为0.5≤λ1/λ2≤3，在一些示例性实施例中可为0.7≤λ1/λ2≤2，在另一些示例性实施例中可为0.9≤λ1/λ2≤1.5。本申请中，所说电芯导热系数指的由垂直于极片大面方向的导热系数值。“极片大面”指在电芯极片中，平行于极片活性物质表面的方向，垂直于极片大面的方向即是导热系数测量的方向。
导热系数反应物质导热能力，数值越高导热能力越强。本申请通过控制第一类电芯和第二类电芯的导热系数比值(λ1/λ2)从而控制第一类电芯和第二类电芯内部，以及两类电芯间的热量传递的速率和能力。具体地，导热系数较大的电芯传热较快，导热系数较小的电芯传热较慢。两种导热系数不同的电芯连接，一方面在低温运行环境下，传热较快的电芯可以将热量传递给相邻的传热较慢电芯；另一方面，在高温或者产热较大的环境下，传热较快的电芯不会发生热量的积聚，从而确保了模组以及电池包较好的低温性能以及较高的安全性能。本申请的实施例中，将λ1/λ2数值控制在0.5≤λ1/λ2≤3范围内。可有效调整模组整体的热量传递速率，以及热量分配，优化模组运行性能。比如，在高温运行环境下，使得温度高的电芯适时将热量传递给温度低的电芯，避免热量分布不均导致的电池模组整体性能下降；在低温运行环境下，温度高的电芯适时将热量传递至温度低的电芯，使得低温电芯适时升温，从而优化电池模组整体的热量分布，进而提升电池模组运行状态。
条件三、第一类电芯密度ρ1与第二类电芯的密度ρ2的比值为0.6≤ρ1/ρ2≤3，在一些示例性实施例中可为0.8≤ρ1/ρ2≤2，在另一些示例性实施例中可为0.9≤ρ1/ρ2≤1.5。
电芯的密度也会影响热量传递能力。本申请通过控制第一类电芯和第二类电芯重的密度比值(ρ1/ρ2)从而控制第一类电芯和第二类电芯内部，以及两类电芯间的热量传递的速率和能力。将ρ1/ρ2数值控制在上述范围内。可有效调整模组整体的热量传递速率，以及热量分配，优化模组运行性能。比如，在高温运行环境下，使得温度高的电芯适时将热量传递温度低的电芯，避免热量分布不均导致的电池模组整体性能下降；在 低温运行环境下，温度高电芯适时将热量传递至温度低的电芯，使得低温电芯适时升温，从而优化电池模组整体的热量分布，进而提升电池模组运行状态。
值得注意的是，第一类电芯和第二类电芯的比热容比值、导电系数比值、以及密度比值根据电芯种类、电池模组结构、以及应用环境整体配合、协调调试，以优化电池模组整体性能。
在一些可能的实施例中，第一类电芯的平均容量Cap1n大于第二类电芯的容量Cap2n，在一些示例性实施例中，0.01≤(Cap1n/Cap2n)-1≤0.5。
本申请中包括多个第一类电芯和第二类电芯，将第一类电芯和第二类电芯的容量均值比例(Cap1n/Cap2n)数值控制在0.01≤(Cap1n/Cap2n)-1≤0.5范围内，可确保电池模组安全性，同时充分释放各第二类电芯放电量同时，兼顾安全和电池整体容量发挥，进而提升电池模组整体性能。具体数值可由电池模组设计需求确定。在一些示例性实施例中，0.02≤(Cap1n/Cap2n)-1≤0.25，在另一些示例性实施例中，0.04≤(Cap1n/Cap2n)-1≤0.15。
在一些可能的实施例中，第一类电芯和第二类电芯包括但不限于锂/钠/镁离子电芯、锂/钠/镁金属电芯、锂/钠/镁-全固态/半固态/准固态/聚合物/凝胶电解质-电芯，以及其他可充电的二次电芯。本申请不限定具有的电芯类型。
在一些可能的实施例中，本申请中，第一类电芯和第二类电芯满足如下至少一个条件：第一类电芯的平台电压V1为3.15V±0.05V～4.75V±0.05V；第二类电芯平台电压V2为3.60～3.80V±0.05V。
本申请中，“平台电压”指：对于电芯的正极材料为两相相变材料(如LFP)的电芯，其相变电压即为其平台电压；对于电芯的正极材料为固溶体材料(如LCO或三元材料)的电芯，为其放电容量至其初始容量一半时的电压。具体数值如：常规的钴酸锂化学体系的电芯的平台电压为3.7V左右、锰酸锂(简称LMO)化学体系的电芯的平台电压为3.8V左右、NCM化学体系电芯的平台电压为3.5V～3.85V之间，磷酸铁锂(LFP)化学体系电芯的平台电压为3.22V左右。
在一些可能的实施例中，第一类电芯容量与其平台电压的乘积大于第二类电芯容量与其平台电压的乘积。
本申请中，具体列举第一类电芯可以为LFP化学体系电芯或者LMO化学体系电芯等，第二类电芯可以为三元材料化学体系电芯(如NCM化学体系电芯或NCA化学体系电芯)等。
电芯运行中，电芯的电压与容量为电芯释放能量关键因素，合理的平台电压有助于提升电池性能。其具体选择根据电芯容量以及电池模组实际需要确定。
在一些可能的实施例中，第一类电芯为磷酸锂铁化学体系电芯；第二类电芯为三元材料化学体系电芯。
本申请第二方面提供了一种电池包，其包括上述电池模组。
本申请中，“电池包”可以是指装入电动汽车等用电装置的电池系统的最终状态。
本申请提供的一种装置包括，上述电池模组，且以电池模组为电源，该装置包括但不限于：车辆、船舶、飞机，以及各类储能设备。本申请并不限定该装置的类型和范围。
本申请第三方面提供了一种电池模组的制造方法，包括：
获取第一类电芯和第二类电芯，第一类电芯和第二类电芯为不同化学体系电芯；
第一类电芯的体积能量密度小于第二类电芯的体积能量密度；
将第一类电芯和第二类电芯串联连接形成电池模组；
第一类电芯的容量Cap1大于第二类电芯的容量Cap2。
在一些可能的实施例中，获取第一类电芯和第二类电芯包括：获取a个第一类电芯和b个第二类电芯，其中，a和b为自然数，且a≥1，b≥1，0.1≤a/b≤50，在一些示例性实施例中，0.5≤a/b≤30，在另一些示例性实施例中，1≤a/b≤10。
在一些可能的实施例中，将第一类电芯和第二类电芯串联连接的步骤包括：
若a≥2，将第一类电芯和第二类电芯排列成至少一列，且至少部分第二类电芯位于两个第一类电芯之间；
将第一类电芯和第二类电芯串联连接。
在一些可能的实施例中，第一类电芯的容量Cap1和第二类电芯的容量Cap2满足以下条件：0.01≤(Cap1/Cap2)-1≤0.5，在一些示例性实施例中，0.02≤(Cap1/Cap2)-1≤0.25，在另一些示例性实施例中，0.04≤(Cap1/Cap2)-1≤0.15。
本申请提供的电池模组的制造方法中，所选用的第一类电芯和第二类电芯进一步描述请参考上述电池模组，在此不再赘述。
本申请第四方面提供了电池模组的制造设备，包括一个处理器，
处理器用于控制夹臂，获取第一类电芯和第二类电芯,第一类电芯和第二类电芯为不同化学体系电芯；
处理器还用于控制组装部件，将第一类电芯和第二类电芯串联连接形成电池模组；
第一类电芯的体积能量密度小于第二类电芯的体积能量密度；且，第一类电芯的容量Cap1大于第二类电芯的容量Cap2。
本申请提供的电池模组的制造设备中，所选用的第一类电芯和第二类电芯进一步描述请参考上述电池模组，在此不再赘述。
除了上面所描述的本申请实施例解决的技术问题、构成技术方案的技术特征以及由这些技术方案的技术特征所带来的有益效果外，本申请实施例提供的电池及装置所能解决的其他技术问题、技术方案中包含的其他技术特征以及这些技术特征带来的有益效果，将在具体实施方式中作出进一步详细的说明。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本 领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是在一些情形下的磷酸铁锂化学体系电芯一实施例电芯容量保持量与寿命的关系示意图；
图2是在一些情形下的NCM化学体系电芯一实施例电芯容量保持量与寿命的关系示意图；
图3是在一些情形下串联磷酸铁锂化学体系电芯和NCM化学体系电池模组一实施例的电池模组中电芯容量保持量与寿命的关系示意图；
图4是本申请电池模组一实施例的电池模组中电芯容量保持量与寿命的关系示意图；
图5是本申请装置一实施例的结构示意图；
图6是本申请电池模组的制造方法一实施例的流程示意图；
图7是电池模组的制造设备一实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如背景技术所述，在一些情形下，常通过增加二次电池的电芯数量或是开发诸如NCM化学体系电芯等高体积能量密度电芯以提高二次电池的能量。然而增加电芯的数量会导致二次电池质量和体积增加，而NCM化学体系电芯安全性能差。若将安全系数较高的LFP化学体系电芯和NCM化学体系电芯串联使用，无法发挥NCM化学体系电芯的高体积能量密度地特性。如何兼顾二次电池安全性同时，提升二次电池输出能量依然是业界亟需解决的问题。
发明人针对不同化学体系电芯特性进行研究。电芯的能量数值为：能量＝容量*平台电压。电芯的容量直接决定了电芯的能量输出。不同的化学体系类型的电芯具有不同的寿命衰减模式。
如图1所示的LFP体系电芯一实施例电芯容量保持量与寿命的关系示意图，X轴代表了电芯工作时间，即代表其寿命，Y轴代表电芯的容量(单位Ah)。L1为该LFP化学体系电芯的容量衰减曲线，LFP化学体系电芯前期寿命衰减较快，之后逐渐变缓并接近线性衰减模式，后期走平线性的斜率从大变小。当该电芯循环到第L圈时的能量为E L，E L的数值为E L＝V L*Cap. L，其中，V L为该LFP电芯的平台电压，Cap. L为该LFP化学体系电芯容量。如此，该LFP的理论生命周期内的累积能量输出为E Lt，
Figure PCTCN2021089665-appb-000001
x为总循环圈数；S1为L1下方至X轴区域部分面积，其代表了该LFP化学体系电芯全生命周期的累计容量总量，S1决定了该LFP化学体系电芯全生命周期的能量输出总量。
结合参考图2，图2为NCM体系电芯一实施例电芯容量保持量与寿命的关系示意图。L2为该NCM化学体系电芯的容量衰减曲线，NCM化学体系电芯前期衰减较缓慢，后期衰减变快并趋近于线性衰减模式。该电芯循环到第n圈时的能量为E N，E N＝V N*Cap. N，其中，V N为该NCM化学体系电芯的平台电压，Cap. N为该NCM化学体系电芯容量。理论生命周期内的累积能量输出为E Nt，
Figure PCTCN2021089665-appb-000002
y为总循环 圈数。S2为L2下方至X轴区域部分面积，其代表了该NCM化学体系电芯全生命周期的累计容量总量，S2决定了该NCM化学体系电芯全生命周期的能量输出总量。
理论上，当混合串联a个上述LFP化学体系电芯和b个NCM化学体系电芯的二次电芯后理论生命周期内的累积能量输出为E T，E T＝aE Lt+b E Nt。
然而，发明人进一步研究发现：当二次电池由不同化学体系类型的电芯串联后，二次电池在实际使用过程中循环到第k圈时的能量为E k，E k＝(a*V L+b*V N)*min.Cap.(L，N)，实际生命周期内的累积能量输出为E Kt，
Figure PCTCN2021089665-appb-000003
z为总循环圈数，min.Cap.(L,N)代表串联电芯中，最小容量电芯的容量。
结合参考图1至3所示，如图1中LFP化学体系电芯和图2中NCM化学体系电芯串联形成的模组(其中，LFP化学体系电芯和NCM化学体系电芯具有相同的容量值)，模组输出能量为图1中S1和图2中S2的重叠部分容量对应的能量的总和，即图3中、填充部分S3代表的容量所对应的能量，而S4部分指代的容量所对应的能量(其原先属于NCM化学体系电芯所含能量)未发挥其功效，即被浪费了(其中，模组放电时，LFP化学体系电芯和NCM化学体系的电芯取两者各自常规使用的平台电压，如，LFP化学体系电芯平台电压取3.22v，NCM化学体系电芯平台电压取3.68v)。
由此可知，在二次电芯实际运行过程中，串联的每一个电芯都会影响二次电池的性能，电池的理论累积能量输出无法实现，而且二次电池释放能量的总量，取决于最小容量的电芯。图3中，即使NCM化学体系电芯在其生命周期中具有更高的容量总量(即，相比于LFP化学体系电芯具有更大的理论输出能量)，但实际输出量严重受限于LFP化学体系电芯生命周期中的容量衰减趋势，无法实现高效能量输出，从而影响二次电池整体能量输出效率。
为此，本申请提供了一种电池模组，包括：串联连接的第一类电芯和第二类电芯，第一类电芯和第二类电芯为不同化学体系电芯，第一类电芯的体积能量密度小于第二类电芯的体积能量密度。
第一类电芯的容量Cap1大于第二类电芯的容量Cap2。
结合参考图4，图4为本申请电池模组一实施例电池模组中电芯容量保持量与寿命的关系示意图。本实施例中，以LFP化学体系电芯为第一类电芯，NCM化学体系电芯为第二类电芯。第一类电芯的容量Cap1大于第二类电芯的容量值Cap2，具体的，Cap1和Cap2的可选数值为5Ah～500Ah之间，如，5Ah、10Ah、100Ah、250Ah、500Ah等。将第一类电芯和第二类电芯串联；之后依据各类电芯的特点调整的平台电压。本实施中，第一类电芯为LFP电芯，设定其平台电压为3.22V，第二类电芯为NCM电芯，设定其平台电压为3.68V，充放电循环运行。
继续参考图4，L11为第一类化学体系电芯的容量保持率曲线，L21为第二类化学体系电芯的容量保持率曲线。
由图可知，第一类化学体系电芯容量(初始容量)大于第二类化学体系电芯容量(初始容量)；而后，在前半段，第一类化学体系电芯前期容量衰减较快，第二类化学体系电芯前期容量衰减较缓慢，L11和L21交叉A点处为两类电芯的容量值第一次 相同；在此期间，电池模组能量总输出量取决于第二类电芯的容量总量，即使第一类电芯的理论容量总量大于第二类电芯的理论容量总量；
之后第一类电芯容量保护量逐渐变缓并接近线性衰减模式，后期走平线性的斜率从大变小，第二类电芯后期衰减变快并趋近于线性衰减模式。在此期间，两类电芯的容量值第二次相同(即L11和L21交叉B点)。在A点和B点之间，电池模组能量总输出量取决于第一类电芯的容量总量，即使第二类电芯的理论容量总量大于第一类电电芯的理论容量总量；在B点之后，电池模组能量总输出量取决于第二类电芯的容量总量，即使第一类电芯的理论容量总量大于第二类电电芯的容量总量。
其中，曲线L11和L21于A、B两点间形成的面积S41代表的容量对应的能量为第二类电芯未释放的能量。但对比图3和图4，本实施例中，通过调整第一类电芯的容量值大于第二类电芯的容量值，图4中S41的面积明显小于图3中S4的面积，即有效降低了第二类电芯的能量浪费。本实施例提供的电池模组更高效地释放了具有高能量密度的电芯第二类电芯的能量，充分发挥第二类电芯(即高体积能量密度电芯)体积能量密度大的特性，从而确保电池模组整体能量输出，提升电池模组性能。
但同一种化学体系电芯，体积越大，其存储的容量越大。若第一类电芯的容量数值与第二类电芯的容量数值比值(Cap1/Cap2)过大，第一类电芯的体积比例越大，电池模组整体容量密度越低，从而影响电池模组整体性能。本实施例中，第一类电芯的容量Cap1和第二类电芯的容量Cap2满足以下条件：0.01≤(Cap1/Cap2)-1≤0.5，从而确保电池模组安全性，同时充分释放第二类电芯放电量同时，兼顾安全和电池整体容量发挥，进而提升电池模组整体性能。达到模组总能量吞吐量最大，低温、高温容量和能量保持率最高，安全性能最优。在一些示例中，0.02≤(Cap1/Cap2)-1≤0.25，在另一些示例中，0.04≤(Cap1/Cap2)-1≤0.15。
在本申请一些实施例中，当第一类电芯和第二类电芯的容量保持率衰减至容量(初始容量)的80％前，第二类电芯的容量衰减速率小于第一类电芯的容量衰减速率，即当第一类电芯和第二类电芯地容量保持率衰减至其容量(初始容量)的80％时，第二类电芯的循环次数大于第一类电芯的循环次数。
在二次电池的汽车等运用领域，电池(指代汽车上所有电芯或电池包的整体)循环使用过程中，当电池老化至一定程度后(如其容量衰减至小于其初始容量的80％)，可能无法满足汽车运行的要求。为此，本申请中，在工况条件下的第一类电芯容量衰减较快，第二类电芯容量衰减较慢，通过两类电芯的容量匹配设计，提高衰减较快的电芯的初始容量，改善电池模组整体使用寿命，即提升电池模组整体的衰减率达到80％前的电池循环次数。
在一些实施例中，第一类电芯和第二类电芯满足如下至少一个条件：第一类电芯的平台电压V1为3.15V±0.05V～4.75V±0.05V，如LiMnxFe(1-x)PO4或者LMO，例如，LiFePO4体系为3.20±0.05V；第二类电芯平台电压V2为3.60～3.80V±0.05V，如NCM化学体系电芯。
第一类电芯有利于大体积能量密度的第二类电芯的能量释放，但随着第一类电芯数量增加，直接降低了电池模组的整体体积能量密度。为此，本申请中，电池模组 包括a个第一类电芯和b个第二类电芯，其中，a和b为自然数。在一些示例中，0.1≤a/b≤50，在另一些示例中，0.5≤a/b≤30，在又一些示例中，1≤a/b≤10。
在上述a/b数值取值范围内，可确保电池模组整体安全性能以及实现第二类电芯能量密度大的特点发挥同时，提升电池模组整体的体积能量密度，进而提升电池模组整体性能。
若a≥2，第一类电芯和第二类电芯排列成至少一列，至少部分第二类电芯位于两个第一类电芯之间。以缓解基于同一化学体系电芯集中排列而造成局部应力集中的问题，第一类电芯和第二类电芯合理排列可以有效释放电池内部的应力，提升电池模组安全性能。
当电池模组包括多个第一类电芯和第二类电芯时，多个第一类电芯的平均容量Cap1n大于第二类电芯的平均容量Cap2n，在一些示例中，0.01≤(Cap1n/Cap2n)-1≤0.5。在上述范围内，可确保电池模组安全性，同时充分释放各第二类电芯放电量同时，兼顾安全和电池整体容量发挥，进而提升电池模组整体性能。Cap1n和Cap2n根据是实际电池模组需求设定，在另一些示例中，0.02≤(Cap1n/Cap2n)-1≤0.25，在又一些示例中，0.04≤(Cap1n/Cap2n)-1≤0.15。
除此之外，电芯在运行过程中会散热，基于第一类电芯和第二类电芯采用不同的化学体系，因而其散热特性不同，进而引起电池模组的局部热量差异，为此，控制第一类电芯和第二类电芯的比热容比值、导电系数比值以提升电池模组性能，具体地：
第一类电芯比热容C1与第二类电芯的比热容C2的比值为0.9≤C1/C2≤10，在一些示例中可为1≤C1/C2≤6，在另一些示例中可为1.5≤C1/C2≤3；
比热容指单位质量的某种物质升高(或下降)单位温度所吸收(或放出)的热量。比热容越大，物质的吸热或散热能力越强。当在C1/C2控制在上述范围内，通过控制第一类电芯和第二类电芯的热量吸收能力，调整模组整体的热量分配，优化模组运行性能。比如，在高温运行环境下，使得比热容高的电芯适当吸收比热容低的电芯散发的热量；在低温运行环境下，比热容低的电芯适时将热量传递至比热容高的电芯，从而优化电池模组整体的热量分布，进而提升电池模组运行状态。
第一类电芯导热系数λ1与第二类电芯的导热系数λ2的比值为0.5≤λ1/λ2≤3，在一些示例中可为0.7≤λ1/λ2≤2，在另一些示例中可为0.9≤λ1/λ2≤1.5。本申请中，所说电芯导热系数指的由电芯中心朝向电芯防爆组件在方向的导热系数值。
导热系数反应物质导热能力，数值越高导热能力越强。本申请通过控制第一类电芯和第二类电芯重的导热系数比值(λ1/λ2)从而控制第一类电芯和第二类电芯内部，以及两类电芯间的热量传递的速率和能力。将λ1/λ2数值控制在上述范围内，可有效调整模组整体的热量传递速率，以及热量分配，优化模组运行性能。比如，在高温运行环境下，使得温度高的电芯适时将热量传递温度低的电芯，避免热量分布不均导致的电池模组整体性能下降；在低温运行环境下，温度高电芯适时将热量传递至温度低的电芯，使得低温电芯适时升温，从而优化电池模组整体的热量分布，进而提升电池模组运行状态。
第一类电芯密度ρ1与第二类电芯的密度ρ2的比值为0.6≤ρ1/ρ2≤3，在一些示例中可为0.8≤ρ1/ρ2≤2，在另一些示例中可为0.9≤ρ1/ρ2≤1.5。
电芯的密度也会影响热量传递能力。本申请通过控制第一类电芯和第二类电芯重的密度比值(ρ1/ρ2)从而控制第一类电芯和第二类电芯内部，以及两类电芯间的热量传递的速率和能力。将ρ1/ρ2数值控制在上述范围内。可有效调整模组整体的热量传递速率，以及热量分配，优化模组运行性能。比如，在高温运行环境下，使得温度高的电芯适时将热量传递温度低的电芯，避免热量分布不均导致的电池模组整体性能下降；在低温运行环境下，温度高电芯适时将热量传递至温度低的电芯，使得低温电芯适时升温，从而优化电池模组整体的热量分布，进而提升电池模组运行状态。
值得注意的是，第一类电芯和第二类电芯的比热容比值、导电系数比值、以及密度比值根据电芯种类、电池模组结构、以及应用环境整体配合、协调调试，以优化电池模组整体性能。
本实施例以第一类电芯为LFP化学体系电芯，第二类电芯为NCM化学体系电芯，但其并不限定本申请其他实施例中第一类电芯和第二类电芯的选择。
比如，若第一类电芯为LFP化学体系电芯，第二类电芯可以是NCM化学体系电芯、镍钴铝酸锂化学体系电芯、钴酸锂化学体系电芯，或是锰酸锂化学体系电芯等等；若第二类电芯为三元材料化学体系电芯，第一类电芯可以是LFP化学体系电芯、镍钴铝酸锂化学体系电芯、钴酸锂化学体系电芯，或是锰酸锂化学体系电芯等等。
除此之外，第一类电芯和第二类电芯包括但不限于锂/钠/镁离子电芯、锂/钠/镁金属电芯、锂/钠/镁-全固态/半固态/准固态/聚合物/凝胶电解质-电芯，以及其他可充电的二次电芯。
下面通过具体实施例详细描述本申请技术方案及其优势：
电池制备：参考GB/T 31484-2015《电动汽车用动力蓄电池循环寿命要求及试验方法》
各实施例和对比例中的电芯的制备方法如下。
1、正极浆料的制备
将正极材料与导电炭Super P、粘结剂聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)按95:3:2重量比在适量的N-甲基吡咯烷酮(简写为NMP)溶剂中充分搅拌混合，使其形成均匀的、粘度为3000mPa·s～20000mPa·s的稳定浆料，浆料静置24～48小时内，不发生凝胶、分层或者沉降等现象。
2、正极极片的制备
将正极材料浆料均匀涂覆于正极集流体Al箔上，干燥后把极片冷压到设计压密，分条备用，得到正极极片。
3、电解液的制备
将等量体积的碳酸乙烯酯溶解在碳酸丙烯酯中，然后将适量的六氟磷酸锂盐均匀溶解在该混合溶剂中备用，得到电解液。
4、负极极片的制备
将负极活性材料例如石墨与导电炭、粘结剂聚苯乙烯丁二烯共聚物(SBR)、增稠剂羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)按95:2:2:1重量比在适量的水溶剂中充分搅拌混合，使其形成均匀的负极稳定浆料；将此浆料均匀涂覆于负极集流体Cu箔上，干燥后把极片冷压到设计压密，分条备用。
5、隔离膜
选用PE或者PP等作为隔离膜。
6、电芯的制备
采用常规的电芯制作工艺，将正极极片、隔离膜和负极极片一起卷绕成裸电芯，然后置入电池壳体中，注入电解液，随之进行化成、密封等工序，最终得到可充电动力电芯。
测试方法
1、电芯的容量的测试方法：
挑选待测电芯，使用电芯充放电机+高低温箱，测试电芯在25℃下的标准倍率满充充电容量和放电容量，该放电容量即是电芯的容量值。其中，充放电倍率为0.33C(C代表电芯额定容量。其中，充/放电电流为倍率乘以电芯额定容量，额定容量以该电芯、或该电芯所属电池模组或该电芯所属电池包的GBT认证文件中所认定的电芯容量为准)。
具体的：电芯的容量的测试流程如下：1)在25℃下静置30分钟；2)0.33C恒流放电至放电终止电压(如，NCM化学体系电芯设为2.8V，LFP化学体系电芯设为2.5V)，之后静置30分钟；3)0.33C恒流充电至充电终止电压(如，NCM化学体系电芯根据具体电芯类型为设定为4.2V、4.25V、4.3V、4.35V、4.4V、4.45V等，LFP化学体系电芯一般为3.65V，电芯的充电终止电压认定为业界公知信息)，恒压充电至电流<0.05C，之后静置5分钟；4)0.33C恒流放电至放电终止电压。此时，测得的放电容量即电芯的容量值。相关术语和测试方法参考GB/T 19596、GB/T 31484-2015、GB/T 31485-2015、GB/T 31486-2015以及《电动汽车用动力蓄电池安全要求》。
2、电芯容量保持率测试方法：参考GB/T 31484-2015《电动汽车用动力蓄电池循环寿命要求及试验方法》。
(1)1000圈容量保持率(/25℃)测试方法：
初始容量(计为：Cap0)测试步骤：
1)将新出厂的电芯在25℃下静置30分钟；2)0.33C(C代表电芯额定容量。其中，充/放电电流为倍率乘以电芯额定容量，额定容量以该电芯、或该电芯所属电池模组或该电芯所属电池包的GBT认证文件中所认定的电芯容量为准)恒流放电至电芯放电终止电压，之后静置30分钟；3)0.33C恒流充电至电芯充电终止电压，恒压充电至电流<0.05C，静置5分钟；4)0.33C恒流放电至电芯放电终止电压，之后静置5分钟。由步骤3)至步骤4)测得的放电容量计为Cap0。
步骤1)～步骤4)为电芯一个充放电循环。
重复上述步骤1)～步骤4)1000次，第1000次测得的放电容量计为Capn，第1000次的容量保持率为：Capn/Cap0*100％。
(2)高低温放电容量保持率测试
1)将新出厂的电芯在25℃下静置30分钟；2)0.33C恒流放电至电芯放电终止电压，之后静置30分钟；3)0.33C恒流充电至电芯充电终止电压，恒压充电至电流<0.05C；4)控制电芯表面感温线为40℃，静置2小时；5)0.33C恒流放电至电芯放电终止电压，之后静置5分钟；
步骤1)～步骤5)测得放电容量计为Cap10；
6)控制电芯表面感温线为25℃，静置2小时；7)0.33C恒流充电至电芯充电终止电压，恒压充电至电流<0.05C，之后静置5分钟；8)控制电芯表面感温线至特定温度(如，-20℃，或40℃)静置2小时；9)0.33C恒流放电至保护电压(如，2.1V),之后静置10分钟。
由步骤7)至步骤9)测得的放电容量，为电芯特定温度下的容量Capx。
特定温度下的容量保持率为：Capx/Cap10*100％。
3、安全性能测试
测试一：模组加热触发热失控测试，参考电动客车安全技术条件工信部装[2016]377号文件。
测试模组中某一电芯由于加热发生热失控后是否会蔓延至相邻电芯。将两个或以上待测电芯组成的测试模组，视具体场景需确定电芯之间是否加隔热垫以及隔热垫厚度，并确定是否开启水循环。选定加热热失控触发方法，比如加热板/加热片加热法，电池满充，用夹具固定简易模组，将加热片紧贴第一个电芯大面放置，使用两片钢板夹具固定简易模组。
将加热片连接电源，开启加热片供电装置后开始加热，直至第一个电芯发生热失控后，关闭加热片，观察并记录第二/N个电芯发生热失控的时间；如果触发热失控的电芯不引起相邻电芯起火或者爆炸判定为热蔓延阻隔实现，否则则判定为发生热蔓延。
测试二：采用模组针刺触发热失控测试，参考GB/T 31485-2015。具体测试方法：
测试模组中某一电芯由于针刺发生热失控后是否会蔓延至相邻电芯。将待测电芯组成的测试模组，视具体场景需确定电芯之间是否加隔热垫以及隔热垫厚度，并确定是否开启水循环。电芯满充，选择带孔两片钢板夹具固定简易模组。用Φ3～Φ8mm的耐高温不锈钢钢针(针角圆锥角度为20°～60°，针的表面光洁，无锈蚀、氧化层及油污)，以0.1～40mm/s的速度，从垂直于电芯极板的方向贯穿至第一个电芯触发热失控，观察并记录相邻第二/N个电芯发生热失控的时间；触发热失控的电芯不引起相邻电芯起火或者爆炸判定为热蔓延阻隔实现，否则则判定为发生热蔓延。
本申请实施例对每组实施采取多个样本进行上述两种测试方法进行安全性能测试，每组实施例的多个样本均通过上述测试才被认为实现“热蔓延阻隔实现”，即符合安全性要求。
测试数据
表1.第一类电芯信息
Figure PCTCN2021089665-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021089665-appb-000005
表2.第二类电芯信息
Figure PCTCN2021089665-appb-000006
表3.实施例测试数据
Figure PCTCN2021089665-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2021089665-appb-000008
注：容量保持率指电池的保持率，即以电池模组中各电芯作为一个整个，测得的容量保持率。
除此之外，本申请提供的一种电池包，其包括上述电池模组。
本申请还提供的一种装置包括，上述电池模组，且以该电池模组为电源。
参考图5，本实施例中，所说装置为汽车，在汽车内安装有电池包10，作为其动力源。
值得注意的是，在本实施例中的其他实施例中，上述装置包括但不限于：车辆、船舶、飞机，以及各类储能设备。本申请并不限定装置的类型和范围。
参考图6，本申请还提供了一种电池模组的制造方法，其包括步骤：
步骤S1，获取第一类电芯和第二类电芯，第一类电芯和第二类电芯为不同化学体系电芯；
第一类电芯的体积能量密度小于第二类电芯的体积能量密度；
第一类电芯的容量Cap1大于第二类电芯的容量Cap2。
获取第一类电芯和第二类电芯包括：获取多个第一类电芯和第二类电芯。
在一些实施例中，电池模组包括a个第一类电芯和b个第二类电芯，其中，a和b为自然数。且a≥1，b≥1，0.1≤a/b≤50，在一些示例中，0.5≤a/b≤30，在另一些示例中，1≤a/b≤10
其中a和b的个数不受限定，比如a为1、2、3……n个，b为1、2、3……n个，第一类电芯和第二类电芯的排列不受限制。
步骤S2，将第一类电芯和第二类电芯串联连接形成电池模组；
在一些实施例中，将第一类电芯和第二类电芯串联连接的步骤包括：若a≥2，将第一类电芯和第二类电芯排列成至少一列，且至少部分第二类电芯位于两个第一类电芯之间；将将第一类电芯和第二类电芯串联连接。第一类电芯和第二类电芯的间隔排列，可以加强第一类电芯和第二类电芯间热传导，并降低基于第一类电芯和第二类电芯间基于膨胀而产生的应力，从而提升电芯整体性能。
本实施例又提供的电池模组的制造设备，参考图7，设备包括一个处理器20。
处理器20用于控制夹臂21，获取第一类电芯31和第二类电芯(图中未显示),第一类电芯31和第二类电芯为不同化学体系电芯；
处理器20还用于控制组装部件22，将第一类电芯31、34和第二类电芯33串联连接形成电池模组；
第一类电芯的体积能量密度小于第二类电芯的体积能量密度；且，
第一类电芯的容量Cap1大于第二类电芯的容量Cap2。
处理器20、夹臂21和组装部件22，以及处理器20控制夹臂21和组装部件22的方法为本领域的相关技术，其并不限制本申请的保护范围，在此不再赘述。
本说明书中各实施例或实施方式采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分相互参见即可。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施方式”、“一些实施方式”、“示意性实施方式”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合实施方式或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施方式或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施方式或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施方式或示例中以合适的方式结合。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电池模组，包括：
    串联连接的第一类电芯和第二类电芯，所述第一类电芯和第二类电芯为不同化学体系电芯，所述第一类电芯的体积能量密度小于所述第二类电芯的体积能量密度；
    其中，所述第一类电芯的容量Cap1大于所述第二类电芯的容量Cap2。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其中，所述第一类电芯的容量Cap1和所述第二类电芯的容量Cap2满足以下条件：
    0.01≤(Cap1/Cap2)-1≤0.5，可选地，0.02≤(Cap1/Cap2)-1≤0.25，进一步可选地，0.04≤(Cap1/Cap2)-1≤0.15。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2任意一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述电池模组包括a个所述第一类电芯和b个所述第二类电芯，其中，所述a和b为自然数，且a≥1，b≥1，0.1≤a/b≤50，可选地，0.5≤a/b≤30，进一步可选地，1≤a/b≤10。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的电池模组，其中，若a≥2，所述第一类电芯和所述第二类电芯排列成至少一列，至少部分所述第二类电芯位于两个所述第一类电芯之间。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述第一类电芯和第二类电芯满足如下至少一个条件：
    所述第一类电芯比热容C1与第二类电芯的比热容C2的比值为0.9≤C1/C2≤10，可选为1≤C1/C2≤6，进一步可选为1.5≤C1/C2≤3；
    所述第一类电芯导热系数λ1与第二类电芯的导热系数λ2的比值为0.5≤λ1/λ2≤3，可选为0.7≤λ1/λ2≤2，进一步可选为0.9≤λ1/λ2≤1.5；和
    所述第一类电芯密度ρ1与第二类电芯的密度ρ2的比值为0.6≤ρ1/ρ2≤3，可选为0.8≤ρ1/ρ2≤2，进一步可选为0.9≤ρ1/ρ2≤1.5。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述第一类电芯的平均容量Cap1n大于所述第二类电芯的平均容量Cap2n，进一步可选地，0.01≤(Cap1n/Cap2n)-1≤0.5，可选地，0.02≤(Cap1n/Cap2n)-1≤0.25，进一步可选地，0.04≤(Cap1n/Cap2n)-1≤0.15。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述第一类电芯为磷酸锂铁化学体系电芯。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任意一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述第二类电芯为三元材料化学体系电芯。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任意一项所述的电池模组，其中，所述第一类电芯和第二类电芯满足如下至少一个条件：所述第一类电芯的平台电压V1为3.15V±0.05V～4.75V±0.05V；第二类电芯平台电压V2为3.60～3.80V±0.05V。
  10. 一种电池包，包括权利要求1至9中任意一项所述的电池模组。
  11. 一种装置，包括权利要求1至9中任意一项所述的电池模组，且以所述电池模组为电源。
  12. 一种电池模组的制造方法，包括：
    获取第一类电芯和第二类电芯，所述第一类电芯和第二类电芯为不同化学体系电芯，所述第一类电芯的体积能量密度小于所述第二类电芯的体积能量密度；
    将所述第一类电芯和第二类电芯串联连接形成所述电池模组，
    所述第一类电芯的容量Cap1大于所述第二类电芯的容量Cap2。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的制造方法，获取所述第一类电芯和所述第二类电芯包括：获取a个所述第一类电芯和b个所述第二类电芯，其中，所述a和b为自然数，且a≥1，b≥1，0.1≤a/b≤50，可选地，0.5≤a/b≤30，进一步可选地，1≤a/b≤10。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的制造方法，
    将第一类电芯和第二类电芯串联连接的步骤包括：
    若a≥2，将所述第一类电芯和所述第二类电芯排列成至少一列，且至少部分所述第二类电芯位于两个所述第一类电芯之间；
    将所述将第一类电芯和第二类电芯串联连接。
  15. 一种电池模组的制造设备，所述电池模组的制造设备包括一个处理器，
    所述处理器用于控制夹臂，获取第一类电芯和第二类电芯，所述第一类电芯和第二类电芯为不同化学体系电芯；
    所述处理器还用于控制组装部件，将所述第一类电芯和第二类电芯串联连接形成所述电池模组；
    所述第一类电芯的体积能量密度小于所述第二类电芯的体积能量密度；且，
    所述第一类电芯的容量Cap1大于所述第二类电芯的容量Cap2。
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