WO2021217984A1 - 一种地下充电装置、充电公路及其充电系统 - Google Patents

一种地下充电装置、充电公路及其充电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021217984A1
WO2021217984A1 PCT/CN2020/112152 CN2020112152W WO2021217984A1 WO 2021217984 A1 WO2021217984 A1 WO 2021217984A1 CN 2020112152 W CN2020112152 W CN 2020112152W WO 2021217984 A1 WO2021217984 A1 WO 2021217984A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
underground
road
vehicle
road surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/112152
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
成志东
钟东洲
李阳
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五邑大学
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Publication date
Application filed by 五邑大学 filed Critical 五邑大学
Publication of WO2021217984A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021217984A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/18—Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of vehicle charging, in particular to an underground charging device, a charging road and a charging system thereof.
  • the vehicle In charging roads, the vehicle is charged while driving. Usually, the electrode plate is in contact with the charging brush to obtain electricity.
  • many environmental factors need to be considered in the application on the road.
  • the open-air setting of the electrode plate requires additional waterproofing measures and power supply safety measures. At the same time, it cannot use high-voltage power supply, and the overall structure is complicated, and further improvements are needed.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • the present invention proposes an underground charging device, a charging road and a charging system thereof.
  • the electrode plate is arranged under the road surface, and the vehicle relies on a telescopic mechanism extending under the road surface to drive while taking electricity.
  • a telescopic mechanism installed on a vehicle.
  • the telescopic mechanism faces the road surface and can extend under the road surface.
  • the electrode plate connected to the power supply system is provided under the road surface, and the electrode plate follows the extension of the road surface.
  • An unfolding mechanism one end of the unfolding mechanism is fixed on the stretched end of the telescopic mechanism, and the other end as a free end can be unfolded under the road surface;
  • the charging brush is arranged at the free end of the deployment mechanism and is connected to the battery of the vehicle through a charging cable, and the charging brush contacts the electrode plate as the deployment mechanism is deployed.
  • the underground charging device has at least the following beneficial effects: since the electrode plate is arranged underground, the telescopic mechanism of the present invention extends from the vehicle to the bottom of the road, and the charging brush is sent under the road to contact the electrode plate to provide power to the vehicle. , So that the driving vehicle can continue to contact the electrode plate, and realize the effect of charging while driving. At the same time, on the non-charging road section, the vehicle will retract the telescopic mechanism without affecting normal driving.
  • the deployment mechanism includes a swing arm and a first rotation mechanism. One end is connected to the charging brush, one end of the first rotating mechanism is connected to the traction mechanism in the vehicle, and the other end is connected to the swing arm to achieve traction.
  • the first rotation mechanism includes a pull cord and a return spring, one end of the pull cord is fixedly connected to the swing arm, and the other end is wound around the extension end of the telescopic mechanism.
  • one end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the swing arm, and the other end is connected to the side wall of the telescopic mechanism.
  • the deployment mechanism further includes a baffle for preventing over-swing of the swing arm, and the baffle is arranged beside the rotating end of the swinging arm and is located away from the swinging end. On one side of the free end of the arm, the baffle extends below the road surface along the extension end of the telescopic mechanism.
  • the deployment mechanism includes a rotatable base and a second rotation mechanism, the rotatable base is in a bar shape, and the center of the rotatable base passes through the second rotation mechanism.
  • the mechanism is connected to the extension end of the telescopic mechanism, and the charging brushes are arranged on both sides of the rotatable base.
  • the telescopic mechanism is a multi-section telescopic rod, a side-tooth telescopic rod or a spring-type return rod.
  • An underground cavity comprising at least one opening for passing through the underground charging device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the opening being opened on the upper side of the underground cavity, the underground cavity
  • the upper side of the cavity forms a water-retaining structure with the road surface;
  • the electrode plate group includes two electrode plates, the electrode plates are arranged below the water-retaining structure and/or on the side walls adjacent to the water-retaining structure, the electrode plates are connected to the power supply system, and the electrodes The plate group extends along the extending direction of the road surface.
  • the charging road according to the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the electrode plate for power supply is arranged in the underground cavity, and only the opening for the telescopic mechanism on the vehicle is retained, which can effectively avoid the influence of harsh environments such as rainy weather, and at the same time
  • the electrode plates can also be charged with high voltage, in conjunction with the charging brushes on the vehicle, to realize the charging while the vehicle is running, which reduces the use of supporting measures, reduces construction costs, and improves safety performance.
  • two of the electrode plates in the electrode plate group are in the same underground cavity, and the opening is located in the middle of the upper side of the underground cavity, so Two water-retaining structures are formed on both sides of the opening.
  • the number of the underground cavities is two, and only one electrode plate is provided in one underground cavity, and the two underground cavities are separated.
  • the water-retaining structure includes a waterproof lower edge, and the waterproof lower edge is arranged beside the opening and extends along the road surface to the underground cavity.
  • the bottom of the underground cavity constitutes a drainage ditch
  • the drainage ditch extends along the extension direction of the road surface and is provided with a drainage port or a cleaning port at intervals.
  • two adjacent electrode plates butt end to end along the extension direction of the road surface, and two adjacent water retaining structures are butt end to end along the extension direction of the road surface, and the water retaining structure is at the butt joint.
  • a charging system includes any one of the above-mentioned underground charging devices and any one of the above-mentioned charging roads. If a vehicle provided with the underground charging device enters the charging road and requests charging, The charging brush is driven by the telescopic mechanism and extends into the underground cavity, and the charging brush is driven by the unfolding mechanism and is in contact with the electrode plate.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an underground charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an underground charging device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an underground charging device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of an underground charging device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a charging road along an extension direction according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a charging road along an extension direction according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a charging road along an extension direction according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the docking part of the water retaining structure of the charging road of the present invention (a cross-sectional view parallel to the extending direction of the charging road);
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drainage system of the charging highway of the present invention (top view of the road surface plane direction);
  • Figures 10 and 11 are schematic diagrams of the movement between the telescopic mechanism and the sliding rail of the present invention.
  • orientation description involved such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. indicates the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, but In order to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, it does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.
  • the current charging road adopts the method of laying electrode plates on the road surface, and the vehicle is provided with charging brushes that contact the electrode plates of the road surface.
  • the charging brushes of the vehicle always contact the electrode plates to obtain electricity. It replenishes the battery in the vehicle, but in this form, the electrode plate is exposed to the outdoor environment and is easily affected by different environments, such as water on the road surface on a rainy day, which may cause leakage of the electrode plate in the liquid, such as people on the road. Or animals pass by, if high-voltage power is used, electric shock accidents are likely to occur, or the stones brought by the vehicle may also damage the electrode plates, so more supporting facilities are needed to eliminate environmental impacts during use, and high-voltage cannot be used.
  • the voltage on the electrode plates can be set at a safe voltage value, if you want to maintain the same power, the current on the electrode plates will become very large, which places very high requirements on the power supply system.
  • the present invention provides an underground charging device, a charging road, and a charging system.
  • the electrode plate is arranged under the road surface, which can avoid most of the environmental impact, and at the same time, can use high-voltage power supply to reduce the cost of corresponding supporting facilities. Construction to reduce the power supply requirements of the power supply system.
  • the present invention is divided into a vehicle-side device and a road-side device.
  • the two complement each other.
  • the following is an overall description of the first and second aspects of the embodiment, and the basic working mode is explained from the overall point of view. The specific details of the device on the vehicle side and the device on the road side are respectively described in detail.
  • the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides an underground charging device, including
  • the telescopic mechanism 100 is arranged on the vehicle, the telescopic mechanism 100 is facing the road surface and can extend under the road surface, the electrode plate 500 connected to the power supply system is arranged under the road surface, and the electrode plate 500 extends in the extending direction of the road surface;
  • the unfolding mechanism 200 one end of the unfolding mechanism 200 is fixed on the stretched end of the telescopic mechanism 100, and the other end is used as a free end that can be unfolded under the road surface;
  • the charging brush 300 is arranged at the free end of the deployment mechanism 200 and is connected to the battery of the vehicle through a charging cable.
  • the charging brush 300 contacts the electrode plate 500 as the deployment mechanism 200 is deployed.
  • the second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a charging road, including
  • the underground cavity 400 includes at least one opening 410 for passing through an underground charging device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the opening 410 is opened on the upper side of the underground cavity 400, and the upper side of the underground cavity 400 Form a water retaining structure 420 with the road surface;
  • the electrode plate group includes two electrode plates 500.
  • the electrode plate 500 is arranged under the water-retaining structure 420 and/or on the side wall adjacent to the water-retaining structure 420.
  • the electrode plate 500 is connected to the power supply system. The direction of extension extends.
  • the charging road has an opening 410 that can pass through the telescopic mechanism 100.
  • This opening 410 is a line extending along the extension direction of the road when viewed from the extension direction of the charging road.
  • the slot is equivalent to forming a charging track.
  • the vehicle drives the telescopic mechanism 100 to travel along the charging track.
  • the charging brush 300 can take electricity from the electrode plate 500 and the rechargeable battery in the vehicle is working normally, the vehicle can be charged in the present invention. Charge while driving on the highway; it should be noted that the rechargeable batteries in the vehicle are currently connected to DC and connected to AC.
  • the corresponding electrode plate 500 can also be powered by DC or AC, but it is obviously necessary to distinguish multiple lanes. , Such as DC lanes and AC lanes, each charging lane is set in parallel according to the lane division method of ordinary roads.
  • the above solution also needs to consider the alignment of the vehicle's driving direction with the charging track. Since the road needs to be reserved for wheels to pass through, the opening 410 cannot be opened too large. It is slightly wider than the width of the telescopic mechanism 100 at the position of the opening 410, which requires the vehicle to basically drive along the charging track without major deviations.
  • the vehicle is provided with corresponding detectors, such as radar or microwave
  • the detection device obtains the position of the charging track at the bottom of the vehicle or in front of the vehicle in real time, and automatically adjusts the driving direction of the vehicle. For example, unmanned vehicles that have emerged so far are not difficult to achieve this function, and will not be detailed here.
  • the viewing angle is from the direction of the car to the road surface
  • the telescopic mechanism 100 is connected to a slide rail 600
  • the length direction of the slide rail 600 is perpendicular to the straight direction of the vehicle
  • the telescopic mechanism 100 can follow the slide rail 600 Offset a certain distance
  • a sensor that detects the offset is provided to monitor the offset of the telescopic mechanism 100 on the slide rail 600.
  • the telescopic mechanism 100 can move on the slide rail 600 and automatically As long as the quasi-opening 410 does not exceed the maximum offset of the telescopic mechanism 100 on the sliding rail 600, the telescopic mechanism 100 will not violently collide with the edge of the opening 410.
  • the two electrode plates 500 in the electrode plate group are located in the same underground cavity 400, the opening 410 is located in the middle of the upper side of the underground cavity 400, and two water-retaining structures 420 are formed on both sides of the opening 410.
  • the charging road in this embodiment has a single charging track structure.
  • two electrode plates 500 are located on both sides of the opening 410, and the two charging brushes 300 of the underground charging device extend from the opening 410 to the rear.
  • the electrode plates 500 are expanded in directions respectively; preferably, from the cross section of the charging road, the underground cavity 400 is located at the center of the charging road, and the opening 410 is located at the center of the upper side of the underground cavity 400.
  • the inside of the charging road slopes down from the opening 410 to both sides, so that the height of the opening 410 is slightly higher than that of the two sides, and there is little impact on the driving of the vehicle. Influence.
  • the number of underground cavities 400 is two, and only one electrode plate 500 is provided in one underground cavity 400, and the two underground cavities 400 are separated.
  • the charging road in this embodiment has a dual charging track structure, and concrete is used to replace the two parallel charging tracks. Therefore, the dual charging track divides the charging road into three parts.
  • the middle part has two forms. The first For the form, referring to Fig. 6, the water retaining structure 420 is connected with the middle part to make the middle structure form a T shape. For the second form, referring to Fig. 7, the water retaining structure 420 is connected to the roads on both sides, so that the middle structure forms a rectangle.
  • the unfolding direction of the unfolding mechanism 200 needs to be adjusted to a certain extent, and its specific structure will be described in detail later.
  • the road surfaces on both sides of the charging road in this embodiment are inclined downward from the middle position to both sides.
  • the water-retaining structure 420 includes a waterproof lower edge 430, which is disposed beside the opening 410 and extends along the road surface to the underground cavity 400.
  • the waterproof lower edge 430 in this embodiment is used to prevent objects falling into the underground cavity 400 from flying out of the cavity.
  • the structure composed of the waterproof lower edge 430 and the opening 410 is equivalent to a shorter tube, which can guide the falling objects. Objects can reduce the difficulty of cleaning the underground cavity 400, and at the same time can prevent a part of large objects from obliquely entering the opening 410.
  • the bottom of the underground cavity 400 constitutes a drainage ditch 440, and the drainage ditch 440 extends along the extension direction of the road surface and is provided with a drainage port 441 or a cleaning port at intervals. Since the underground cavity 400 extends along the extension direction of the road surface like the electrode plate 500, the underground cavity 400 actually forms a channel as long as the charging road, in order to be able to clean the debris, sewage, etc. in the underground cavity 400 , The bottom of the underground cavity 400 is used as the drainage ditch 440; it is worth noting that the depth of the drainage ditch 440 is not the same in different areas with different environments.
  • the drainage ditch 440 can be made deeper; referring to FIG. 9, in this embodiment, the cleaning method of the drainage ditch 440 can also be a cleaning robot in addition to the drainage outlet 441 or the sewage outlet as mentioned above, which is also in the drainage ditch 440.
  • a robot entrance is set at a certain distance on the upper side, and the cleaning robot is started regularly or on demand to clean this section of the drainage ditch 440, and return to the robot entrance for preparation after cleaning.
  • two adjacent electrode plates 500 are butted end to end along the extension direction of the road surface, and two adjacent water retaining structures 420 are butt end to end along the extension direction of the road surface.
  • the water structure 420 is provided with a groove 421 perpendicular to the extending direction of the road surface beside the joint, and two adjacent grooves 421 are fastened by a concave asphalt member 422.
  • Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the docking point of the charging road parallel to the extension direction of the road surface.
  • the side protrusions are equivalent to locking the two water-retaining structures 420, which can strengthen the structural strength between the water-retaining structures 420, and reduce the damage of heavy vehicles to the road surface.
  • the underground charging device of the present invention adopts the following structure:
  • the deployment mechanism 200 includes a swing arm 210 and a first rotation mechanism 220.
  • One end is rotatably connected to the extension end of the telescopic mechanism 100 as a rotating end, the other end is connected to the charging brush 300 as a free end, one end of the first rotating mechanism 220 is connected to the traction mechanism in the vehicle, and the other end is connected to the swing arm 210 for traction.
  • the first rotation mechanism 220 includes a pull rope 221 and a return spring 222.
  • One end of the pull rope 221 is fixedly connected to the swing arm 210, and the other end is connected to the traction mechanism in the vehicle around the extension end of the telescopic mechanism 100.
  • the return spring One end of the 222 is fixedly connected to the swing arm 210, and the other end is connected to the side wall of the telescopic mechanism 100.
  • the number of the charging brushes 300 is also two. Since the electrode plates 500 are distributed on both sides of the opening 410, the expansion direction of the charging brushes 300 is from the middle to the sides, and the retractable mechanism Only one 100 can be used. As an embodiment, referring to FIG. 1, when the retractable mechanism 100 is in the contracted state, the pull cord 221 is pulled upward, the return spring 222 is pulled apart, and the brush head of the charging brush 300 faces the road surface.
  • the telescopic mechanism 100 When the underground charging device starts to work, the telescopic mechanism 100 extends the charging brush 300 into the underground cavity 400, then releases the pull rope 221, the return spring 222 retracts and pulls the swing arm 210 to expand to both sides, that is, swing The arm 210 tilts up from the lowest point, so that the charging brush 300 contacts the electrode plate 500 in the underground cavity 400.
  • the electronic control system of the vehicle stops relaxing the rope 221, so that the swing arm 210 is stopped at the current angle, and stable contact between the electrode plate 500 and the charging brush 300 is achieved.
  • the pull cord 221 contracts upwards to return the telescopic mechanism 100 to the contracted state.
  • the electrode plate 500 can be arranged under the water-retaining structure 420 and/or on the side wall adjacent to the water-retaining structure 420. Therefore, according to different actual application scenarios , The electrode plate 500 can be set in different positions.
  • the underground charging device of the present invention does not specify which part of the vehicle is fixed.
  • the underground charging device is fixed under the vehicle.
  • the long telescopic mechanism 100 can fix the underground charging device on the front side of the vehicle, which also facilitates the detection of the charging track by sensors and other devices.
  • the above-mentioned underground charging device in the form of a swing arm 210 will be changed in the orientation direction.
  • two telescopic mechanisms 100 need to be provided on the vehicle and each A single charging brush 300 is connected to each telescopic mechanism 100, and the two telescopic mechanisms 100 are respectively inserted into two underground cavities 400.
  • the working mode of the underground charging device is similar to the above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the deployment mechanism 200 further includes a baffle 223 for preventing the swing arm 210 from over swinging.
  • the baffle 223 is arranged beside the rotating end of the swing arm 210.
  • the baffle 223 extends along the extension end of the telescopic mechanism 100 to the bottom of the road surface. Since the adjustment of the pull rope 221 and the return spring 222 has a certain limit, in order to ensure that the swing arm 210 does not swing beyond the limit when it is stored back, the baffle 223 can prevent the swing arm 210 from swinging.
  • the baffle 223 extends along the length direction of the telescopic mechanism 100.
  • the unfolding mechanism 200 may also adopt the following forms:
  • the unfolding mechanism 200 includes a rotatable base 230 and a second rotating mechanism 240.
  • the rotatable base 230 has a bar shape.
  • the center of the rotatable base 230 is connected to the extension end of the telescopic mechanism through the second rotating mechanism 240.
  • the charging brush 300 It is arranged on both sides of the rotatable base 230.
  • This embodiment is suitable for a charging road with a single charging track, because the rotatable base 230 can rotate around the second rotating mechanism 240.
  • the length of the rotatable base 230 The direction is the same as the extension direction of the charging track. It can be seen that the width of the rotatable base 230 is smaller than the width of the opening 410.
  • the telescopic mechanism 100 lowers the rotatable base 230 to make it rotatable.
  • the base 230 enters the underground cavity 400 through the opening 410, and then rotates the rotatable base 230 by 90 degrees.
  • the charging brush 300 can contact the electrode plate 500 under the water blocking structure 420.
  • this embodiment provides a form of fixing the second rotating mechanism 240 on the rotatable mechanism, that is, the telescopic mechanism 100 cannot be rotated, which reduces the design complexity of the telescopic mechanism 100.
  • the second rotating mechanism 240 can be a rotating motor. , Connect the vehicle's electronic control system through wires or wireless to achieve action control.
  • the telescopic mechanism 100 can have various forms.
  • the telescopic mechanism 100 is a side-tooth telescopic rod or a spring-type return rod, or a multi-segment telescopic rod.
  • Type telescopic rod is a common type of telescopic rod, which will not be described in detail here, while the side-tooth type telescopic rod, refer to Figure 3, uses a combination of gears and racks to fix the gears on the vehicle. The racks mesh with the gears and are connected at one end.
  • the second rotating mechanism 240 on the rotatable base 230 can move the rack up and down by controlling the rotation of the gear to achieve a telescopic effect; while the spring-type return lever, referring to Figure 4, adopts springs, fixed-length levers and short-range electric A combination of push rods, one end of the fixed-length rod is connected to the output shaft of the short-range electric push rod, and the other end is connected to the rotatable base 230.
  • a spring is connected in series on the output shaft of the short-range electric push rod to provide ejection thrust.
  • the third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a charging system, including the underground charging device of any of the above embodiments and the charging road of any embodiment. If a vehicle equipped with the underground charging device enters the charging road and requests charging, the charging The electric brush 300 is driven by the telescopic mechanism 100 and extends into the underground cavity 400, and the charging electric brush 300 is driven by the unfolding mechanism 200 and contacts the electrode plate 500.
  • the charging system of the present invention is more suitable for fixed-track vehicles or other road vehicles, such as electric buses, heavy-duty electric vehicles, etc., and cannot change lanes at will when driving on charging roads, but it can
  • the power-taking device on the car is simplified, and the current on the electrode plate 500 is relatively small; on the other hand, since the electrode plate 500 is arranged underground, the influence of harsh environments such as rain can be effectively avoided.
  • the telescopic mechanism 100 of the present invention is controlled by The vehicle extends below the road surface and sends the charging brush 300 under the road surface to contact the electrode plate 500 to provide power to the vehicle, so that the vehicle in motion can continue to contact the electrode plate 500 to achieve the effect of charging while driving, and at the same time on non-charging roads On the road section, the vehicle retracts the telescopic mechanism 100 without affecting normal driving. Because the electrode plate 500 can be charged with high voltage, it can be used with the charging brush 300 on the vehicle to realize the vehicle charging while driving, which reduces the use of supporting measures and reduces Construction cost, improve safety performance.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种地下充电装置、充电公路及其充电系统，地下充电装置包括依次连接的伸缩机构、展开机构和充电电刷，充电公路包括地下空腔和电极板组，地下空腔包括一个能够穿过地下充电装置的开口并在自身的内部固定两块连接到供电系统的电极板，电极板跟随路面的延伸方向延伸，车辆上安装的地下充电装置伸入地下空腔并使充电电刷接触电极板，由于电极板设置在地下，可以有效避免雨天等恶劣环境的影响，同时由于电极板可以采用高压充电，配合车辆上的充电电刷，实现车辆边行驶边充电，减小了配套措施的使用，降低建设成本，提高安全性能。

Description

一种地下充电装置、充电公路及其充电系统 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆充电领域，特别涉及一种地下充电装置、充电公路及其充电系统。
背景技术
充电公路中对车辆采用边行驶边充电的方案，通常采用电极板与充电电刷接触的方式取电，但在公路上应用需要考虑很多环境因素，电极板露天设置需要附加防水措施、供电安全措施等配套，同时不能采用高压供电，整体构造复杂，还需要作出进一步的改进。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种地下充电装置、充电公路及其充电系统，将电极板设置在路面下方，车辆依靠往路面下延伸的伸缩机构来边取电边行驶。
根据本发明的第一方面实施例的地下充电装置，包括：
设置在车辆上的伸缩机构，所述伸缩机构的伸缩方向朝向路面并且能够伸入到路面的下方，所述路面的下方设置有连接供电系统的电极板，所述电极板跟随所述路面的延伸方向延伸；
展开机构，所述展开机构的一端设置在所述伸缩机构的伸展端上固定，另一端作为自由端能够在所述路面下方展开；
充电电刷，所述充电电刷设置在所述展开机构的自由端并通过充电线缆连接到车辆的电池，所述充电电刷随所述展开机构的展开而接触所述电极板。
根据本发明实施例的地下充电装置，至少具有如下有益效果：由于电极板设置在地下，本发明的伸缩机构由车辆向路面下方延伸，将充电电刷送入路面下方接触电极板为车辆提供电力，从而使得行驶中的车辆能够持续接触电极板，实现边行驶边充电的效果，同时在非充电公路路段，车辆将伸缩机构收起而不影响正常的行驶。
根据本发明第一方面的一些实施例，所述展开机构包括摆动臂和第一转动机构，所述摆动臂的一端作为转动端可转动地连接在所述伸缩机构的伸展端，另一 端作为自由端连接所述充电电刷，所述第一转动机构一端连接车辆内的牵引机构，另一端连接所述摆动臂实现牵引。
根据本发明第一方面的一些实施例，所述第一转动机构包括拉绳和回位弹簧，所述拉绳的一端固定连接在所述摆动臂上，另一端绕所述伸缩机构的伸展端连接到车辆内的牵引机构，所述回位弹簧的一端固定连接在所述摆动臂上，另一端连接在所述伸缩机构的侧壁。
根据本发明第一方面的一些实施例，所述展开机构还包括用于防止所述摆动臂过摆的挡板，所述挡板设置在所述摆动臂的转动端旁并位于远离所述摆动臂的自由端的一侧，所述挡板沿所述伸缩机构的伸展端往所述路面的下方延伸。
根据本发明第一方面的一些实施例，所述展开机构包括可旋转基座和第二转动机构，所述可旋转基座为条形，所述可旋转基座的中心通过所述第二转动机构连接到所述伸缩机构的伸展端，所述充电电刷设置在所述可旋转基座的两侧边缘。
根据本发明第一方面的一些实施例，所述伸缩机构为多段式伸缩杆、边齿式伸缩杆或者弹簧式回位杆。
根据本发明的第二方面实施例的充电公路，包括
地下空腔，所述地下空腔包括至少一个用于穿过如权利要求1至6任一所述地下充电装置的开口，所述开口开设在所述地下空腔的上侧面，所述地下空腔的上侧面与路面形成挡水结构；
电极板组，包括两块电极板，所述电极板设置在所述挡水结构的下方和/或与所述挡水结构相邻的侧壁上，所述电极板连接供电系统，所述电极板组沿路面的延伸方向延伸。
根据本发明实施例的充电公路，至少具有如下有益效果：供电的电极板设置在地下空腔中，仅保留了让车辆上伸缩机构穿过的开口，可以有效避免雨天等恶劣环境的影响，同时电极板也可以采用高压充电，配合车辆上的充电电刷，实现车辆边行驶边充电，减小了配套措施的使用，降低建设成本，提高安全性能。
根据本发明第二方面的一些实施例，所述电极板组中的两块所述电极板处于同一所述地下空腔内，所述开口位于所述地下空腔的上侧面的中部位置，所述开口两侧形成两个所述挡水结构。
根据本发明第二方面的一些实施例，所述地下空腔的数量为两个，一个所述地下空腔中只设置一块所述电极板，两个所述地下空腔分隔开来。
根据本发明第二方面的一些实施例，所述挡水结构包括防水下沿，所述防水下沿设置在所述开口旁并沿路面向所述地下空腔延伸。
根据本发明第二方面的一些实施例，述地下空腔的底部构成排水沟，所述排水沟沿路面的延伸方向延伸并每隔一段距离设置有一个排水口或者清污口。
根据本发明第二方面的一些实施例，沿路面延伸方向上相邻两个所述电极板首尾对接，沿路面延伸方向上相邻两个挡水结构首尾对接，所述挡水结构在对接处旁设置有垂直于路面延伸方向的凹槽，相邻的两个所述凹槽之间通过一凹形沥青件扣紧
根据本发明的第三方面实施例的充电系统，包括上述任一所述地下充电装置和上述任一所述充电公路，若设置有所述地下充电装置的车辆进入所述充电公路并请求充电，所述充电电刷由所述伸缩机构带动并伸入所述地下空腔内，所述充电电刷由所述展开机构带动并与所述电极板接触。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本发明一个实施例的地下充电装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明另一个实施例的地下充电装置的结构示意图；
图3为本发明另一个实施例的地下充电装置另一个实施例的结构示意图；
图4为本发明另一个实施例的地下充电装置另一个实施例的结构示意图；
图5为本发明一个实施例的充电公路沿延伸方向的横截面结构示意图；
图6为本发明另一个实施例的充电公路沿延伸方向的横截面结构示意图；
图7为本发明另一个实施例的充电公路沿延伸方向的横截面结构示意图；
图8为本发明的充电公路的挡水结构对接处的结构示意图(平行于充电公路延伸方向的切面图)；
图9为为本发明的充电公路的排水系统的结构示意图(俯视路面平面方向)；
图10和图11为本发明的伸缩机构和滑轨之间运动的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，涉及到方位描述，例如上、下、前、后、左、右等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，若干的含义是一个或者多个，多个的含义是两个以上，大于、小于、超过等理解为不包括本数，以上、以下、以内等理解为包括本数。如果有描述到第一、第二只是用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的限定，设置、安装、连接等词语应做广义理解，所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本发明中的具体含义。
以现有技术来看，目前充电公路采用了在路面上铺设电极板的方式，而车辆上设置与路面的电极板接触的充电电刷，行驶过程中车辆的充电电刷始终接触电极板取电，为车辆中的电池补充电量，但是这种形式下，电极板暴露在户外环境中，容易受到不同的环境的影响，例如下雨天路面积水，使得电极板在液体中可能发生漏电，例如路面有人或动物经过，若采用高压电供电，容易发生触电事故，又或者车辆带来的石头等也可能损坏电极板，因此使用过程中需要附加较多配套设施来排除环境影响，而且不能采用高压电供电，电极板上的电压虽然可以设定在安全电压值，但想要维持相同功率，电极板上的电流将变得很大，这对供电系统提出了相当高的要求。
基于此，本发明提供了一种地下充电装置、充电公路及其充电系统，将电极板设置在路面下方，可以避免大部分环境的影响，同时可以采用高压电供电，减少相应的配套设施的建设，降低供电系统的供电要求。
本发明分为车辆侧的装置和公路侧的装置，两者相辅相成，为了能够方便表述，下面以实施例的第一方面和第二方面做整体说明，从整体角度出发说明基本的工作方式，然后再分别详细描述车辆侧的装置和公路侧的装置的具体细节。
本发明的实施例第一方面提供一种地下充电装置，包括
设置在车辆上的伸缩机构100，伸缩机构100的伸缩方向朝向路面并且能够伸入到路面的下方，路面的下方设置有连接供电系统的电极板500，电极板500跟随路面的延伸方向延伸；
展开机构200，展开机构200的一端设置在伸缩机构100的伸展端上固定，另一端作为自由端能够在路面下方展开；
充电电刷300，充电电刷300设置在展开机构200的自由端并通过充电线缆连接到车辆的电池，充电电刷300随展开机构200的展开而接触电极板500。
本发明的实施例第二方面提供一种充电公路，包括
地下空腔400，地下空腔400包括至少一个用于穿过如权利要求1至6任一地下充电装置的开口410，开口410开设在地下空腔400的上侧面，地下空腔400的上侧面与路面形成挡水结构420；
电极板组，包括两块电极板500，电极板500设置在挡水结构420的下方和/或与挡水结构420相邻的侧壁上，电极板500连接供电系统，电极板组沿路面的延伸方向延伸。
参照图1至图4，以充电公路的横断面来看，充电公路具有一个可以通过伸缩机构100的开口410，这个开口410在充电公路的延伸方向来看，是一条沿路面的延伸方向延伸的槽，相当于形成一条充电轨道，车辆带动伸缩机构100沿充电轨道行驶，只要充电电刷300能够从电极板500上取电，且车辆中的充电电池正常工作，车辆即可在本发明的充电公路上边行驶边充电；需要注意的是，车辆中的充电电池现存接入直流和接入交流两种充电方式，相应电极板500也可以采用直流或者交流供电，但显然是要区分多个车道的，如直流车道、交流车道，各个充电车道按照普通道路的车道划分方式并行设置。
值得注意的是，为了防止伸缩机构100与开口410碰撞，上述方案还需要考虑车辆行驶方向与充电轨道对准的问题，由于需要预留路面承载车轮通过，因此开口410不可能开的太大，比伸缩机构100在开口410位置处的宽度稍宽，这就需要车辆行驶过程中基本沿充电轨道行驶而不能发生较大的偏离，在这里，车辆 上设置有相应的探测器，如雷达或者微波探测装置，实时获取车辆底部或者车辆前方的充电轨道的位置，自动调整车辆的行驶方向，如目前已经出现的无人驾驶车辆，不难实现这一功能，在此不展开详述。若伸缩机构100是完全固定于车辆底部而不会与车辆底部不发生相对运动，即使车辆能够实时调整行驶方向，仍存在一定的碰撞风险，本发明在此仅指出一种可能的解决办法，参照图10和图11，图中视角为从车内往路面方向看，伸缩机构100与一滑轨600连接，滑轨600的长度方向垂直于车辆的直线行驶方向，伸缩机构100可以沿滑轨600偏移一定的距离，同时设置有一个检测偏移量的传感器监测伸缩机构100在滑轨600上的偏移量，当车辆稍微偏离行驶方向，伸缩机构100可以在滑轨600上移动，自动对准开口410，只要不超过伸缩机构100在滑轨600上的最大偏移量，伸缩机构100就不会与开口410的边缘发生剧烈碰撞。
下面详细说明充电公路的结构：
在一实施例中，电极板组中的两块电极板500处于同一地下空腔400内，开口410位于地下空腔400的上侧面的中部位置，开口410两侧形成两个挡水结构420。
本实施例的充电公路是单个充电轨道的结构，参照图5，此时两块电极板500分别处于开口410的两侧，地下充电装置的两个充电电刷300从开口410处伸入后向电极板500方向分别展开；优选地，从充电公路的横断面看，地下空腔400位于充电公路的中央位置，开口410位于地下空腔400的上侧面的中央位置。
为了防止雨水等由于重力从开口410处下落到地下空腔400中，充电公路的里面从开口410处往两侧下倾，使得开口410的高度稍微比两侧高点，对车辆的行驶基本没有影响。
在另一实施例中，地下空腔400的数量为两个，一个地下空腔400中只设置一块电极板500，两个地下空腔400分隔开来。
本实施例的充电公路是双充电轨道的结构，两个平行的充电轨道之间采用混凝土等方式代替，由此，双充电轨道将充电公路分成三部分，中间部分有两种形态，第一种形态参照图6，挡水结构420与中间部分连接，使中间结构形成一个T字形，第二种形态参照图7，挡水结构420与两侧路面连接，使中间结构形成一个矩形，相应地，为了能够接触不同位置处的电极板500，展开机构200的展开方向需要作出一定的调整，其具体结构后面再详细说明。
同样地，为了防止雨水等由于重力从开口410处下落到地下空腔400中，本实施例的充电公路的两侧路面从中间位置向两侧下倾。
在一实施例中，挡水结构420包括防水下沿430，防水下沿430设置在开口410旁并沿路面向地下空腔400延伸。本实施例中的防水下沿430用于防止下落入地下空腔400的物体在腔体内飞散开来，防水下沿430和开口410组成的结构相当于一条较短的管子，可以引导下落的物体，降低地下空腔400的清理难度，同时能够防止一部分大型物体倾斜进入开口410。
在一实施例中，地下空腔400的底部构成排水沟440，排水沟440沿路面的延伸方向延伸并每隔一段距离设置有一个排水口441或者清污口。由于地下空腔400跟电极板500一样沿路面的延伸方向延伸，因此地下空腔400实际上形成了一条与充电公路一样长的沟道，为了能够清理地下空腔400内的杂物、污水等，将地下空腔400的底部作为排水沟440；值得注意的是，不同的地区的环境不同，排水沟440的深度也不尽相同，例如在气候潮湿多雨的地区，为了提高对雨水的容量，排水沟440可以做得较深；参照图9，在这一实施例中，排水沟440的清理方式除了如上所说的排水口441或者排污口，还可以采用清污机器人，同样在排水沟440上每隔一段距离设置一个机器人入口，清污机器人定期或者按需启动，对该段排水沟440进行清理，清理完后返回机器人入口整备。
为了能够提高电极板500之间的结合度，在一实施例中，沿路面延伸方向上相邻两个电极板500首尾对接，沿路面延伸方向上相邻两个挡水结构420首尾对接，挡水结构420在对接处旁设置有垂直于路面延伸方向的凹槽421，相邻的两个凹槽421之间通过凹形沥青件422扣紧。参照图8，图8示出了充电公路的对接处平行于路面延伸方向的断面图，两个挡水结构420的凹槽421与凹形沥青件422互相扣合，凹形沥青件422的两侧突起相当于锁紧了两个挡水结构420，能够加强挡水结构420之间的结构强度，减轻重型汽车对路面的破坏。
下面详细说明地下充电装置的结构：
结合上述单充电轨道的实施例，即路面具有一个开口410，本发明的地下充电装置采用如下结构：在一实施例中，展开机构200包括摆动臂210和第一转动机构220，摆动臂210的一端作为转动端可转动地连接在伸缩机构100的伸展端，另一端作为自由端连接充电电刷300，第一转动机构220一端连接车辆内的牵引机构，另一端连接摆动臂210实现牵引。其中，第一转动机构220包括拉绳221 和回位弹簧222，拉绳221的一端固定连接在摆动臂210上，另一端绕伸缩机构100的伸展端连接到车辆内的牵引机构，回位弹簧222的一端固定连接在摆动臂210上，另一端连接在伸缩机构100的侧壁。
根据充电公路中电极板500的分布，充电电刷300的数量也是两个，由于电极板500分布在开口410两侧，因此充电电刷300的展开方向是从中间往两侧展开，并且伸缩机构100可以只用一个，作为一个实施例，参照图1，伸缩机构100在收缩状态下，拉绳221往上方拉紧，回位弹簧222被拉开，充电电刷300的刷头朝向路面方向，当地下充电装置开始工作，伸缩机构100将充电电刷300伸入地下空腔400，然后松开拉绳221，回位弹簧222往回收缩拉起摆动臂210使其往两侧展开，即摆动臂210从最低点上翘，使充电电刷300接触到地下空腔400中的电极板500，当车辆中的充电电池识别到来自电极板500的供电时，车辆的电控系统停止放松拉绳221，从而使摆动臂210停止在当前角度下，实现电极板500和充电电刷300的稳定接触。当需要结束充电时，拉绳221往上方收缩，使伸缩机构100回到收缩状态。
值得注意的是，根据充电公路中电极板500的结构描述，电极板500可以设置在挡水结构420的下方和/或与挡水结构420相邻的侧壁上，因此根据实际应用场景的不同，电极板500可以在不同的位置设置。
另一方面，本发明的地下充电装置并没有指明固定在车辆上的哪一部分，通常来说，地下充电装置固定在车底，但考虑到部分车辆的底盘较低，车内空间也无法收纳较长的伸缩机构100，可以将地下充电装置固定在车辆的前侧，这样也方便传感器等器件对充电轨道的探测。
结合上述双充电轨道的实施例，即路面具有两个开口410，上述采用摆动臂210形式的地下充电装置将作出朝向方向上的改动，参照图2，车辆上需要设置两个伸缩机构100并且每个伸缩机构100上连接单个充电电刷300，两个伸缩机构100分别插入到两个地下空腔400中，这种情况下，地下充电装置的工作方式与上述类似，在此不再重复一次。
基于上述采用摆动臂210形式的地下充电装置，在一实施例中，展开机构200还包括用于防止摆动臂210过摆的挡板223，挡板223设置在摆动臂210的转动端旁并位于远离摆动臂210的自由端的一侧，挡板223沿伸缩机构100的伸展端往路面的下方延伸。由于拉绳221和回位弹簧222的调节有一定的限度，为 了保证摆动臂210收纳回去时不会摆动超过限制的角度，采用挡板223可以阻止摆动臂210的摆动，在本实施例中，挡板223沿伸缩机构100的长度方向延伸。
除了采用摆动臂210形式的展开机构200，作为另一实施例，展开机构200还可以采用如下形式：
展开机构200包括可旋转基座230和第二转动机构240，可旋转基座230为条形，可旋转基座230的中心通过第二转动机构240连接到伸缩机构的伸展端，充电电刷300设置在可旋转基座230的两侧边缘。
本实施例适用于单充电轨道的充电公路，因其可旋转基座230能够绕第二转动机构240转动，初始状态下，即车辆未将地下充电装置放下的状态，可旋转基座230的长度方向与充电轨道的延伸方向相同，由此可知，可旋转基座230的宽度小于开口410的宽度，当车辆在充电公路上需要充电时，伸缩机构100将可旋转基座230放下，使可旋转基座230穿过开口410进入地下空腔400，然后将可旋转基座230旋转90度，此时充电电刷300就能够接触到挡水结构420下的电极板500。需要注意的是，本实施例给出了在可旋转机构上固定第二转动机构240的形式，即伸缩机构100不可转动，降低伸缩机构100的设计复杂度，第二转动机构240可以是转动电机，通过电线或者无线等方式连接车辆的电控系统实现动作控制。
同样地，基于可旋转基座230形式的地下充电装置，其伸缩机构100可以有多种形式，伸缩机构100为边齿式伸缩杆或者弹簧式回位杆，还可以是多段式伸缩杆，多段式伸缩杆即常见的伸缩杆形式，在此不展开详述，而边齿式伸缩杆，参照图3，采用齿轮和齿条的组合，在车辆上固定齿轮，齿条与齿轮啮合并且一端连接可旋转基座230上的第二转动机构240，通过控制齿轮的转动，齿条可以上下移动，从而实现伸缩效果；而弹簧式回位杆，参照图4，采用弹簧、定长杆和短程电推杆的组合，定长杆一端连接短程电推杆的输出轴，另一端连接可旋转基座230，弹簧串接在短程电推杆的输出轴上提供弹出的推力。
本发明实施例的第三方面提供了一种充电系统，包括上述任一实施例的地下充电装置和任一实施例的充电公路，若设置有地下充电装置的车辆进入充电公路并请求充电，充电电刷300由伸缩机构100带动并伸入地下空腔400内，充电电刷300由展开机构200带动并与电极板500接触。
因充电轨道的限制，本发明的充电系统更偏向适用于定轨行驶的车辆或其他路面交通工具，如电动巴士、重型电动汽车等，在充电公路上行驶时不能随意变道，但由此可以使汽车上的取电装置得到简化，同时电极板500上的电流也比较小；另一方面，由于电极板500设置在地下，可以有效避免雨天等恶劣环境的影响，本发明的伸缩机构100由车辆向路面下方延伸，将充电电刷300送入路面下方接触电极板500为车辆提供电力，从而使得行驶中的车辆能够持续接触电极板500，实现边行驶边充电的效果，同时在非充电公路路段，车辆将伸缩机构100收起而不影响正常的行驶，由于电极板500可以采用高压充电，配合车辆上的充电电刷300，实现车辆边行驶边充电，减小了配套措施的使用，降低建设成本，提高安全性能。
以上是对本发明的较佳实施进行了具体说明，但本发明并不局限于上述实施方式，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可作出种种的等同变形或替换，这些等同的变形或替换均包含在本发明权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种地下充电装置，其特征在于，包括
    设置在车辆上的伸缩机构，所述伸缩机构的伸缩方向朝向路面并且能够伸入到路面的下方，所述路面的下方设置有连接供电系统的电极板，所述电极板跟随所述路面的延伸方向延伸；
    展开机构，所述展开机构的一端设置在所述伸缩机构的伸展端上固定，另一端作为自由端能够在所述路面下方展开；
    充电电刷，所述充电电刷设置在所述展开机构的自由端并通过充电线缆连接到车辆的电池，所述充电电刷随所述展开机构的展开而接触所述电极板。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种地下充电装置，其特征在于，所述展开机构包括摆动臂和第一转动机构，所述摆动臂的一端作为转动端可转动地连接在所述伸缩机构的伸展端，另一端作为自由端连接所述充电电刷，所述第一转动机构一端连接车辆内的牵引机构，另一端连接所述摆动臂实现牵引。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种地下充电装置，其特征在于，所述第一转动机构包括拉绳和回位弹簧，所述拉绳的一端固定连接在所述摆动臂上，另一端绕所述伸缩机构的伸展端连接到车辆内的牵引机构，所述回位弹簧的一端固定连接在所述摆动臂上，另一端连接在所述伸缩机构的侧壁。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种地下充电装置，其特征在于，所述展开机构还包括用于防止所述摆动臂过摆的挡板，所述挡板设置在所述摆动臂的转动端旁并位于远离所述摆动臂的自由端的一侧，所述挡板沿所述伸缩机构的伸展端往所述路面的下方延伸。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种地下充电装置，其特征在于，所述展开机构包括可旋转基座和第二转动机构，所述可旋转基座为条形，所述可旋转基座的中心通过所述第二转动机构连接到所述伸缩机构的伸展端，所述充电电刷设置在所述可旋转基座的两侧边缘。
  6. 一种充电公路，其特征在于，包括
    地下空腔，所述地下空腔包括至少一个用于穿过如权利要求1至5任一所述地下充电装置的开口，所述开口开设在所述地下空腔的上侧面，所述地下空腔的上侧面与路面形成挡水结构；
    电极板组，包括两块电极板，所述电极板设置在所述挡水结构的下方和/或 与所述挡水结构相邻的侧壁上，所述电极板连接供电系统，所述电极板组沿路面的延伸方向延伸。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种充电公路，其特征在于，所述电极板组中的两块所述电极板处于同一所述地下空腔内，所述开口位于所述地下空腔的上侧面的中部位置，所述开口两侧形成两个所述挡水结构。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种充电公路，其特征在于，所述地下空腔的数量为两个，一个所述地下空腔中只设置一块所述电极板，两个所述地下空腔分隔开来。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的一种充电公路，其特征在于，所述挡水结构包括防水下沿，所述防水下沿设置在所述开口旁并沿路面向所述地下空腔延伸。
  10. 一种充电系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至5任一所述地下充电装置和权利要求6至9任一所述充电公路，若设置有所述地下充电装置的车辆进入所述充电公路并请求充电，所述充电电刷由所述伸缩机构带动并伸入所述地下空腔内，所述充电电刷由所述展开机构带动并与所述电极板接触。
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