WO2021212783A1 - 一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉 - Google Patents

一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉 Download PDF

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WO2021212783A1
WO2021212783A1 PCT/CN2020/122156 CN2020122156W WO2021212783A1 WO 2021212783 A1 WO2021212783 A1 WO 2021212783A1 CN 2020122156 W CN2020122156 W CN 2020122156W WO 2021212783 A1 WO2021212783 A1 WO 2021212783A1
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absorption tube
stage absorption
temperature
boiler
slagging
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PCT/CN2020/122156
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English (en)
French (fr)
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方顺利
姚伟
王志超
刘家利
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西安热工研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2021212783A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021212783A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G7/00—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D7/00—Sublimation
    • B01D7/02—Crystallisation directly from the vapour phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of pulverized coal boiler combustion, and specifically relates to a pulverized coal boiler that can prevent convection heating surfaces from being contaminated and slagging.
  • the typical Xinjiang Zhundong coal has the characteristics of high sodium and potassium content.
  • the alkali metal elements in coal are easy to solidify on the convective heating surface of the boiler, such as the surface of the high-temperature superheater and high-temperature reheater, forming contaminants and slagging substances that are difficult to blow off.
  • the thickness of the contaminants and slagging substances reaches a certain level , which seriously affects the normal heat transfer capacity of the convection heating surface, and the contaminants and slagging materials on the adjacent tube rows are easy to stick together, which seriously affects the normal operation of the boiler.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a pulverized coal boiler that can prevent the convection heating surface from being contaminated and slagging.
  • the boiler adds a two-stage absorption tube in the convection heating area to capture the alkali metal elements in the flue gas, thereby reducing the normal heating surface of the boiler. Contamination and slagging phenomenon to ensure the normal operation of the boiler.
  • a pulverized coal boiler capable of preventing convection heating surface from being contaminated and slagging includes a panel superheater, a high temperature superheater and a high temperature reheater arranged in the furnace from inside to outside along the furnace outlet in a horizontal direction; wherein, The first-stage absorption tube is arranged on the boiler wall between the panel superheater and the high-temperature superheater, and the second-stage absorption tube is arranged on the boiler wall between the high-temperature superheater and the high-temperature reheater, in front of the first-stage absorption tube A number of first-stage absorption tube sootblowers are arranged, and a number of second-stage absorption tube sootblowers are arranged before the second-stage absorption tube.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that a cold ash hopper is provided at the bottom of the furnace.
  • the further improvement of the present invention is that, under rated load, the smoke temperature at the exit of the panel superheater and the entrance of the first stage absorption tube is 1000-1150°C, and the temperature of the smoke at the exit of the high-temperature superheater and the entrance of the second stage absorption tube is 900-1100 °C.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the temperature of the working fluid in the first-stage absorption tube is 750-850°C, and the temperature of the working fluid in the second-stage absorption tube is 650-750°C.
  • a further improvement of the present invention is that the first-stage absorption tube and the second-stage absorption tube are arranged in 1-3 rows according to the boiler space size, the number of rows is determined according to the boiler width, and the distance between each two rows of absorption tubes is greater than 500mm.
  • the further improvement of the present invention is that the first stage absorption tube soot blower and the second stage absorption tube soot blower adopt steam soot blowers or hydraulic soot blowers.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the boiler structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the first-stage absorption tube and soot blower of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the second-stage absorption tube and soot blower of the present invention.
  • a layer/element when referred to as being "on" another layer/element, the layer/element may be directly on the other layer/element, or there may be an intermediate layer/element between them. element.
  • the layer/element if a layer/element is located “on” another layer/element in one orientation, the layer/element can be located "under” the other layer/element when the orientation is reversed.
  • the present invention provides a pulverized coal boiler that can prevent convection heating surface from being contaminated and slagging, including a panel type arranged in the furnace 1 from the inside to the outside along the furnace outlet 10 in the horizontal direction.
  • a second-stage absorption tube 7 is arranged on the boiler wall 11 between the heaters 5, a number of first-stage absorption tube soot blowers 8 are arranged before the first-stage absorption tube 6, and a number of second-stage absorption tubes 7 are arranged before the second-stage absorption tube 7.
  • Secondary absorption tube soot blower 9 The bottom of the furnace 1 is provided with a cold ash bucket 2.
  • the flue gas temperature at the exit of the panel superheater 3 and the inlet of the first-stage absorption tube 6 is 1000-1150°C
  • the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the high-temperature superheater 5 and the inlet of the second-stage absorption tube 7 is 900-1100°C .
  • the temperature of the working fluid in the first-stage absorption tube 6 is 750-850°C
  • the temperature of the working fluid in the second-stage absorption tube 7 is 650-750°C.
  • the first-stage absorption tube 6 and the second-stage absorption tube 7 are arranged in 1-3 rows according to the boiler space size, and the number of rows is determined according to the width of the boiler, and the distance between every two rows of absorption tubes is greater than 500mm.
  • first stage absorption tube soot blower 8 and the second stage absorption tube soot blower 9 adopt steam soot blowers or hydraulic soot blowers.
  • first-stage absorption tube soot blower 8 and the second-stage absorption tube soot blower 9 should be able to ensure that the soot blowing range covers all the absorption tubes, and at the same time, it should be ensured that the first-stage absorption tube 6 and the second-stage absorption tube can be blown off.
  • the frequency can be adjusted at any time as required.
  • the gaseous sodium, potassium and other elements in the flue gas will condense into solid materials when they come into contact with the first-stage absorption tube 6 and the second-stage absorption tube 7 which are at a lower temperature, and are condensed into solid materials by the first-stage absorption tube 6 and Capturing on the wall of the second-stage absorber tube 7;
  • the first-stage absorption tube soot blower 8 and the second-stage absorption tube soot blower 9 before the first-stage absorption tube 6 and the second-stage absorption tube 7 regularly blow off the first-stage absorption tube 6 and the second-stage absorption tube 7 Contaminants and slags captured on the pipe wall.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉，该锅炉在对流受热区域中添加两级吸收管，捕捉烟气中的碱金属元素，从而减少锅炉正常受热面的沾污和结渣现象，确保锅炉的正常运行。本发明包括在水平方向上沿着炉膛出口由内至外布置在炉膛内的屏式过热器、高温过热器和高温再热器；屏式过热器与高温过热器之间的锅炉壁面上布置有第一级吸收管，高温过热器与高温再热器之间的锅炉壁面上布置有第二级吸收管，第一级吸收管前布置有若干第一级吸收管吹灰器，第二级吸收管前布置有若干第二级吸收管吹灰器。本发明利用温度较低的两级吸收管预先吸收烟气中的碱金属元素，从而避免碱金属元素在高温过热器和高温再热器避免凝固，防沾污结渣效果好。

Description

一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉 【技术领域】
本发明属于煤粉锅炉燃烧技术领域，具体涉及一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉。
【背景技术】
近年来越来越多的碱金属含量较高的煤种陆续投入使用，比如典型的新疆准东煤，具有钠、钾元素含量高的特点，常规锅炉在燃用这类煤种的过程中，煤中的碱金属元素易在锅炉对流受热面如高温过热器、高温再热器表面凝固，形成难以吹除的沾污物和结渣物，当沾污物和结渣物厚度达到一定程度时，严重影响对流受热面的正常传热能力，并且相邻管排上的沾污物和结渣物易粘连在一起，严重影响了锅炉的正常运行。
目前，针对碱金属含量高的煤种燃用时对流受热面易沾污和结渣的问题，尚无较好的解决方案，常规的应对措施是加强吹灰，添加高岭土为主要成分的防结渣沾污添加剂等，这些方法都有防结渣沾污效果差，添加成本高，影响锅炉正常燃烧的缺点。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的是提供一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉，该锅炉在对流受热区域中添加两级吸收管，捕捉烟气中的碱金属元素，从而减少锅炉正常受热面的沾污和结渣现象，确保锅炉的正常运行。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现：
一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉，包括在水平方向上沿着炉膛出 口由内至外布置在炉膛内的屏式过热器、高温过热器和高温再热器；其中，屏式过热器与高温过热器之间的锅炉壁面上布置有第一级吸收管，高温过热器与高温再热器之间的锅炉壁面上布置有第二级吸收管，第一级吸收管前布置有若干第一级吸收管吹灰器，第二级吸收管前布置有若干第二级吸收管吹灰器。
本发明进一步的改进在于，炉膛的底部设置有冷灰斗。
本发明进一步的改进在于，额定负荷下，屏式过热器出口、第一级吸收管入口处烟温为1000～1150℃，高温过热器出口、第二级吸收管入口处烟温为900-1100℃。
本发明进一步的改进在于，第一级吸收管内工质温度为750～850℃，第二级吸收管内工质温度为650～750℃。
本发明进一步的改进在于，第一级吸收管和第二级吸收管根据锅炉空间尺寸布置为1-3排，根据锅炉宽度确定列数，每两列吸收管之间距离大于500mm。
本发明进一步的改进在于，第一级吸收管吹灰器和第二级吸收管吹灰器采用蒸汽吹灰器或水力吹灰器。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、可燃用碱金属含量较高的煤种；
2、和常规煤粉锅炉相比，仅增加了两级吸收管和若干吹灰器，设备投资增加较小；
3、利用温度较低的两级吸收管预先吸收烟气中的碱金属元素，从而避免碱金属元素在高温过热器和高温再热器避免凝固，防沾污结渣效果好。
【附图说明】
图1为本发明的锅炉结构示意图。
图2为本发明的第一级吸收管及吹灰器示意图。
图3为本发明的第二级吸收管及吹灰器示意图。
附图标记说明：
1-炉膛；2-冷灰斗；3-屏式过热器；4-高温过热器；5-高温过热器；6-第一级吸收管；7-第二级吸收管；8-第一级吸收管吹灰器；9-第二级吸收管吹灰器；10-炉膛出口；11-锅炉壁面。
【具体实施方式】
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，不是全部的实施例，而并非要限制本发明公开的范围。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要的混淆本发明公开的概念。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
在附图中示出了根据本发明公开实施例的各种结构示意图。这些图并非是按比例绘制的，其中为了清楚表达的目的，放大了某些细节，并且可能省略了某些细节。图中所示出的各种区域、层的形状及它们之间的相对大小、位置关系仅是示例性的，实际中可能由于制造公差或技术限制而有所偏差，并且本领域技术人员根据实际所需可以另外设计具有不同形状、大小、相对位置的区域/层。
本发明公开的上下文中，当将一层/元件称作位于另一层/元件“上”时，该层/元件可以直接位于该另一层/元件上，或者它们之间可以存在居中层/元件。另外，如果在一种朝向中一层/元件位于另一层/元件“上”，那么当调转朝向时，该 层/元件可以位于该另一层/元件“下”。
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：
如图1-3所示，本发明提供的一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉，包括在水平方向上沿着炉膛出口10由内至外布置在炉膛1内的屏式过热器3、高温过热器4和高温再热器5；其中，屏式过热器3与高温过热器4之间的锅炉壁面11上布置有第一级吸收管6，高温过热器4与高温再热器5之间的锅炉壁面11上布置有第二级吸收管7，第一级吸收管6前布置有若干第一级吸收管吹灰器8，第二级吸收管7前布置有若干第二级吸收管吹灰器9。炉膛1的底部设置有冷灰斗2。
其中，额定负荷下，屏式过热器3出口、第一级吸收管6入口处烟温为1000～1150℃，高温过热器5出口、第二级吸收管7入口处烟温为900-1100℃。
第一级吸收管6内工质温度为750～850℃，第二级吸收管7内工质温度为650～750℃。
第一级吸收管6和第二级吸收管7根据锅炉空间尺寸布置为1-3排，根据锅 炉宽度确定列数，每两列吸收管之间距离大于500mm。
此外，第一级吸收管吹灰器8和第二级吸收管吹灰器9采用蒸汽吹灰器或水力吹灰器。且第一级吸收管吹灰器8和第二级吸收管吹灰器9，应能保证吹灰范围覆盖所有的吸收管，同时应保证能吹除第一级吸收管6和第二级吸收管7壁面的沾污物和结渣物，并且第一级吸收管6和第二级吸收管7前的第一级吸收管吹灰器8和第二级吸收管吹灰器9的吹灰频率可按需求随时进行调整。
锅炉运行时，烟气中的气态钠、钾等元素，与温度较低的第一级吸收管6和第二级吸收管7接触时，冷凝为固态物资，并被第一级吸收管6和第二级吸收管7管壁捕捉；
第一级吸收管6和第二级吸收管7前的第一级吸收管吹灰器8和第二级吸收管吹灰器9，定期吹除第一级吸收管6和第二级吸收管7管壁上捕捉的沾污物和结渣物。
以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉，其特征在于，包括在水平方向上沿着炉膛出口(10)由内至外布置在炉膛(1)内的屏式过热器(3)、高温过热器(4)和高温再热器(5)；其中，
    屏式过热器(3)与高温过热器(4)之间的锅炉壁面(11)上布置有第一级吸收管(6)，高温过热器(4)与高温再热器(5)之间的锅炉壁面(11)上布置有第二级吸收管(7)，第一级吸收管(6)前布置有若干第一级吸收管吹灰器(8)，第二级吸收管(7)前布置有若干第二级吸收管吹灰器(9)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉，其特征在于，炉膛(1)的底部设置有冷灰斗(2)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉，其特征在于，额定负荷下，屏式过热器(3)出口、第一级吸收管(6)入口处烟温为1000～1150℃，高温过热器(5)出口、第二级吸收管(7)入口处烟温为900-1100℃。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉，其特征在于，第一级吸收管(6)内工质温度为750～850℃，第二级吸收管(7)内工质温度为650～750℃。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉，其特征在于，第一级吸收管(6)和第二级吸收管(7)根据锅炉空间尺寸布置为1-3排，根据锅炉宽度确定列数，每两列吸收管之间距离大于500mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉，其特征在于，第一级吸收管吹灰器(8)和第二级吸收管吹灰器(9)采用蒸汽吹灰器或水力吹灰器。
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CN111396857A (zh) * 2020-04-23 2020-07-10 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种可防止对流受热面沾污结渣的煤粉锅炉
CN115388415B (zh) * 2022-09-28 2023-12-19 南京国电南自维美德自动化有限公司 一种锅炉高温区域的吹灰系统及方法

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