WO2021212263A1 - 一种便携式螺旋铣孔单元及偏心调节方法 - Google Patents

一种便携式螺旋铣孔单元及偏心调节方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021212263A1
WO2021212263A1 PCT/CN2020/085591 CN2020085591W WO2021212263A1 WO 2021212263 A1 WO2021212263 A1 WO 2021212263A1 CN 2020085591 W CN2020085591 W CN 2020085591W WO 2021212263 A1 WO2021212263 A1 WO 2021212263A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
eccentricity
eccentric
outer sleeve
gear
sleeve
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PCT/CN2020/085591
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
康仁科
董志刚
杨国林
郭东明
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大连理工大学
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Application filed by 大连理工大学 filed Critical 大连理工大学
Priority to PCT/CN2020/085591 priority Critical patent/WO2021212263A1/zh
Priority to EP20932386.4A priority patent/EP4140625A4/en
Priority to US17/996,686 priority patent/US20230211426A1/en
Publication of WO2021212263A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021212263A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C9/00—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter
    • B23C9/005—Details or accessories so far as specially adapted to milling machines or cutter milling heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B23C3/02—Milling surfaces of revolution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C1/00—Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations
    • B23C1/06—Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations with one vertical working-spindle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C1/00—Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations
    • B23C1/20—Portable devices or machines; Hand-driven devices or machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2215/00—Details of workpieces
    • B23C2215/04—Aircraft components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2220/00—Details of milling processes
    • B23C2220/52—Orbital drilling, i.e. use of a milling cutter moved in a spiral path to produce a hole
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23C2260/04—Adjustable elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23C2260/08—Bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23C2260/68—Rings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2260/00—Details of constructional elements
    • B23C2260/76—Sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C2265/00—Details of general geometric configurations
    • B23C2265/12—Eccentric

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of hole-making processing in the assembly of aerospace vehicles, in particular to a portable screw milling unit and an eccentricity adjustment method.
  • a large number of difficult-to-process materials including composite materials, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, high-strength steels, and different forms of laminated structures composed of two or more materials are used in aerospace vehicles.
  • a new hole-making method is to use a special end mill for spiral milling. The principle is that the tool itself rotates at a high speed while feeding along a spiral path, and finally a circular hole with a diameter larger than the tool itself is milled on the workpiece.
  • new materials such as composite materials and titanium alloys, because the axial cutting force of spiral milling holes is smaller than that of drilling holes, it shows better characteristics than traditional drilling.
  • Spiral milling holes are used in aircraft assembly instead of traditional drilling. Hole processing some high-quality bolt holes and rivet holes, and the scope of application continues to expand. During spiral milling, the tool needs to feed along a spiral path. The existing hole making equipment usually does not have this function. For this reason, it is necessary to develop special spiral milling equipment.
  • the current spiral milling device has the following problems: (1) The overall size of the spiral milling device is large and heavy, and it is not suitable for spiral milling under complex space conditions; (2) The structure of the spiral milling device is complicated.
  • the cost is high, and it is not suitable for batch manufacturing; (3)
  • the main processing object of the existing spiral milling device is the small diameter (diameter not exceeding 20mm) without pre-hole, and for the large-diameter intersection hole with the pre-hole (diameter) When the reaming process can exceed 28mm), the processing equipment is required to have greater power and structural rigidity, which increases the design difficulty.
  • the machining aperture of spiral milling holes not only depends on the tool diameter, but also directly related to the tool eccentricity.
  • the machining aperture of spiral milling holes is equal to the tool diameter plus twice the eccentricity.
  • the existing spiral hole milling equipment usually adopts the principle of double eccentric sleeves to realize the adjustment of the eccentricity, and the eccentricity of the inner and outer sleeves can not be changed.
  • the adjustment range of the eccentricity has been determined after the equipment is manufactured. Regardless of the eccentricity adjustment range, the eccentricity of the tool is changed by changing the relative rotation angle of the inner and outer sleeves during operation, and the eccentricity of the tool is changed from the minimum to the minimum during the relative rotation of the inner and outer sleeves by 180 degrees. Change of maximum value. Therefore, when the adjustable range of the eccentricity is large, the angular eccentricity that makes the inner and outer sleeves relatively rotate relatively small will change greatly. It is difficult to realize the micro-adjustment of the eccentricity, which affects the accuracy of the eccentricity adjustment; The adjustable range is very small.
  • the inner and outer sleeves need to be relatively rotated at a larger angle. It is easier to realize the micro-adjustment of the eccentricity and improve the accuracy of the eccentricity adjustment.
  • the spiral milling equipment has the adjustment range of the eccentricity The range of small machinable holes is also reduced accordingly. Therefore, for the eccentricity adjustment method of the existing spiral milling equipment, improving the eccentricity adjustment accuracy and increasing the adjustment range are contradictory, and it is difficult to achieve them at the same time.
  • the main difficulties in adjusting the eccentricity of the existing spiral hole milling device are as follows: (1) If the eccentricity is not adjusted accurately, it will directly lead to the unqualified processing aperture.
  • the spiral milling device In order to process the machining holes of qualified size, the spiral milling device should adjust the eccentricity to be small enough with the theoretical value through the eccentric adjustment mechanism to ensure that the actual machining aperture size is qualified. (2) If the machining aperture has a large variation range, it is necessary to ensure that the adjustment range of the eccentricity is large enough, otherwise, during the machining process, tools of different diameters need to be replaced to meet the machining requirements of different apertures, which reduces the machining efficiency and increases the machining cost. Therefore, the design difficulty of the spiral milling device is to ensure that the eccentricity has a sufficiently large adjustment range and a sufficiently high adjustment accuracy.
  • a portable screw hole milling unit comprising: a cutter, an eccentric spindle, an outer sleeve, a sleeve housing and a number of transmission mechanisms for providing power.
  • the eccentric spindle is replaceably sleeved in the inner hole of the output section of the outer sleeve. Both the eccentric spindle and the outer sleeve have a preset eccentricity.
  • the tool is connected to the output side of the eccentric spindle.
  • the eccentric spindle is detachably connected in the outer sleeve.
  • the outer sleeve is mounted on the sleeve through a sliding bearing.
  • the input side of the outer sleeve is connected with a first transmission mechanism and a third transmission mechanism
  • the input end of the eccentric main shaft is connected with a second transmission mechanism
  • the third transmission mechanism is used to drive the outer sleeve to face each other.
  • the sleeve housing rotates to complete the rotation of the tool around the axis of the outer cylindrical surface of the outer sleeve.
  • the first transmission mechanism is used to drive the outer sleeve to move back and forth relative to the axis of the sleeve housing to complete the feed movement of the tool.
  • the second transmission mechanism is used to drive the eccentric spindle to rotate to complete the rotation of the tool.
  • the output section of the outer sleeve when the processing object is a processing hole with a small diameter, the output section of the outer sleeve has an eccentric structure, that is, the axis of the outer cylindrical surface and the axis of the inner hole of the output section of the outer sleeve have a certain amount of eccentricity.
  • the middle section and the input section have a coaxial structure, that is, the axis of the outer cylindrical surface is concentric with the axis of the inner hole of the middle section of the outer sleeve and the input section
  • the eccentric main shaft includes a main shaft and an inner sleeve with an eccentric structure, That is, the axis of the outer cylindrical surface of the eccentric main shaft and the axis of the inner hole have a certain amount of eccentricity e n , and the main shaft is sleeved in the inner hole of the inner sleeve through the main shaft bearing.
  • the output section of the outer sleeve when the processing object is a processing hole with a larger diameter, the output section of the outer sleeve has an eccentric structure, that is, the axis of the outer cylindrical surface and the axis of the inner hole of the output section of the outer sleeve have a certain amount of eccentricity.
  • the middle section and the input section are of coaxial structure, that is, the axis of the outer cylindrical surface is concentric with the axis of the inner hole of the middle section of the outer sleeve and the input section.
  • the eccentric spindle includes a tool, an inner sleeve, a spindle and a
  • the eccentricity adjustment mechanism, the eccentricity adjustment mechanism includes a gear drive shaft, a rotating shaft, a first gear and a second gear, the inner sleeve is a concentric structure, and the main shaft is sleeved on the inner sleeve through a main shaft bearing
  • a first gear is installed at the output end of the main shaft
  • the first gear is meshed with a second gear for transmission
  • the second gear is installed at the input end of the rotating shaft
  • the rotating shaft is installed in the inner sleeve through a bearing
  • the cutter is installed at the front end of the rotating shaft, and the shaft distance between the first gear and the second gear is e n .
  • the output section of the outer sleeve when the processing object is a processing hole with a larger diameter, the output section of the outer sleeve has an eccentric structure, that is, the axis of the outer cylindrical surface and the axis of the inner hole of the output section of the outer sleeve have a certain amount of eccentricity.
  • the middle section and the input section are of coaxial structure, that is, the axis of the outer cylindrical surface is concentric with the axis of the inner hole of the middle section of the outer sleeve and the input section.
  • the eccentric spindle includes a tool, an inner sleeve, a spindle and a
  • the eccentricity adjustment mechanism includes a gear transmission shaft, a rotating shaft, a first gear, a second gear, and a third gear
  • the inner sleeve is a concentric structure
  • the main shaft is sleeved in through a main shaft bearing
  • the output end of the main shaft is equipped with a first gear
  • the first gear is meshed with the third gear for transmission
  • the third gear is mounted on the gear transmission shaft and meshes with the second gear.
  • the shaft is mounted through bearings on the inner sleeve
  • the tip tool is attached, the shaft between the first gear and the second gear pitch e n .
  • first transmission mechanism, the second transmission mechanism and the third transmission mechanism are all connected to the sleeve housing through a connecting piece.
  • the first transmission mechanism includes a first motor and a lead screw, the first motor is horizontally mounted on the sleeve housing, and the output end of the first motor is connected to the lead screw through a lead screw coupling.
  • One end is installed in the mounting hole of the lead screw support seat, and the other end is sleeved in the lead screw nut, the lead screw support seat is horizontally installed on the sleeve housing, and the lead screw nut is installed on the translation plate;
  • the second transmission mechanism includes a second motor and a transmission shaft, the output end of the second motor is connected to the input end of the transmission shaft, and the output end of the transmission shaft is connected to the input end of the main shaft;
  • the third transmission mechanism includes a third motor and a first synchronous toothed belt, a third synchronous toothed belt wheel is installed at the input end of the outer sleeve, and the third synchronous toothed belt wheel passes through the first synchronous toothed belt.
  • the belt is connected with the fourth synchronous toothed belt wheel installed at the output end of the third motor;
  • the outer side of the input section of the outer sleeve is connected with the translation plate through a revolving bearing.
  • the second motor and the third motor are both installed on the translation plate, the input end of the transmission shaft is installed with a second synchronous toothed belt wheel, and the second synchronous toothed belt wheel passes through the second synchronous The toothed belt is connected with the first synchronous toothed belt wheel installed at the output end of the second motor.
  • the second transmission mechanism further includes an encoder for measuring the rotation speed of the main shaft, the encoder is installed at the output end of the second motor or the output end of the transmission shaft, and the housing of the encoder is fixed on the output end of the second motor or the transmission shaft. Translation board.
  • the transmission shaft is mounted on the input section of the outer sleeve through a transmission bearing, the output round shaft of the transmission shaft is connected to the input end of the universal joint coupling through a key, and the output of the universal joint coupling is The terminal is connected with the input terminal of the spindle.
  • optical axis one end of the optical axis is fixedly mounted on the sleeve housing, and the other end is sleeved in the optical axis slider, the optical axis slider is mounted on the translation plate, and the optical axis It is used to keep the translational plate upright, that is, it can only move in the direction of the tool axis but cannot rotate.
  • the outer side of the output end of the sleeve housing is fixed to the housing by a flange, and handles are installed on both sides of the housing.
  • the universal joint coupling is a double cross-shaft universal joint coupling.
  • the number of teeth of the first gear is Z1
  • the number of teeth of the second gear is Z2
  • the spindle speed is n1
  • the present invention also discloses the eccentricity adjustment method of the above-mentioned spiral milling hole.
  • the eccentricity adjustment method for the M1 scheme has the following steps:
  • the spiral milling unit is equipped with an outer sleeve with a fixed eccentricity and a variety of eccentric spindles with different eccentricities.
  • step S2 in accordance with step S1, the e 0 and e n (e 1, e 2 ... e n), calculate the installation corresponding to the amount of eccentricity e n (e 1, e 2 ... e n) a helical hole milling unit when the eccentric spindle
  • the eccentricity adjustment range e a ⁇ e b , the eccentricity adjustment ranges corresponding to n eccentric spindles are:
  • step S4 According to the required adjustment eccentricity value e obtained in step S3, select the eccentric spindle that contains e in the eccentricity adjustment range e a to e b;
  • step S5 Install the eccentric spindle selected in step S4 on the spiral milling unit, rotate the eccentric spindle, and adjust the eccentricity to e;
  • step S7 If it is necessary to continue to adjust the eccentricity, proceed to step S3 to step S5.
  • step S1 of the outer sleeve and the eccentric amount e 0 of the eccentric shaft eccentric amount e n determined range with the following steps:
  • the eccentric spindle is rotated to produce relative rotation with the outer sleeve to complete the fine adjustment of the eccentricity.
  • the relative rotation angle ⁇ between the outer sleeve and the eccentric spindle the tool is relative to the outer sleeve.
  • the eccentricity of the outer cylindrical surface is changed, and the different eccentricity is obtained as The value range of e is
  • the present invention also discloses the above-mentioned eccentricity adjustment method of spiral milling holes.
  • the eccentricity adjustment method for the M2 scheme has the following steps: the spiral milling unit is equipped with a variety of eccentric spindles of different specifications, that is, the models of the first gear and the second gear are different, resulting in two The distance between the shafts e n is different. According to the amount of eccentricity to be adjusted, the eccentricity can be adjusted by changing the eccentric spindle of different specifications and the shaft spacing e n . By rotating the eccentric spindle to make the relative rotation between the outer sleeve and the outer sleeve, adjust the difference between the outer sleeve and the eccentric spindle.
  • the present invention also discloses the above-mentioned eccentricity adjustment method of spiral milling holes.
  • the eccentricity adjustment method for the M3 scheme has the following steps: the spiral milling unit is equipped with a variety of eccentric spindles of different specifications, namely the models of the first gear, the second gear and the third gear different, resulting in axial distance e between the first and second gears n are different. According to the amount of eccentricity to be adjusted, the eccentricity can be adjusted by changing the eccentric spindle of different specifications and the shaft spacing e n . By rotating the eccentric spindle to make the relative rotation between the outer sleeve and the outer sleeve, adjust the difference between the outer sleeve and the eccentric spindle.
  • the portable spiral milling unit of the present invention adopts sliding bearing to support the outer sleeve.
  • the outer sleeve can rotate and move back and forth, and realize the revolving motion and axis feed motion at the same time.
  • Compared with the traditional linear guide rail and rolling bearing structure Compact effectively coordinate the spatial relationship of the first transmission mechanism, the second transmission mechanism and the third transmission mechanism through mechanisms such as the translational version, timing belt and optical axis, making the overall structure compact, light weight, small in size, portable, and suitable for any Work in complex and small space conditions, simple structure and low cost.
  • the portable screw milling unit of the present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional hole-making device and realizes the power transmission between the main shaft and the transmission shaft with a certain eccentricity. Due to the concentric structural design of the transmission shaft axis and the outer cylindrical surface of the outer sleeve, the motor The distance between the shaft and the axis of the drive shaft is constant to realize the power input during the revolution of the tool. The mechanism is simple, the cost is low, and the stability of the speed and torque transmission can be ensured.
  • the portable screw milling unit of the present invention adopts the form of an outer sleeve with multiple eccentric spindles with different eccentric amounts. All eccentric spindles have the same appearance, can be installed in the outer sleeve and can be quickly replaced. When installing any eccentric spindle The adjustable range of eccentricity is small, so accurate adjustment of the eccentricity can be realized, and a wide-range adjustment of the eccentricity can be realized by replacing the eccentric spindle.
  • the invention overcomes the shortcomings of the eccentricity adjustment method of the traditional spiral milling device, and simultaneously realizes the high-precision adjustment and wide-range adjustment of the eccentricity, increases the processing aperture range, improves the processing quality, improves the processing efficiency, and reduces the processing cost.
  • the present invention can be widely promoted in the field of hole-making processing technology.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portable spiral hole milling unit with an eccentric spindle in a specific embodiment of the present invention as the solution M1.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the eccentric main shaft of the scheme M1 in the specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the eccentricity of the eccentric main shaft in the specific embodiment of the present invention as the scheme M1.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portable spiral hole milling unit with an eccentric spindle in the specific embodiment of the present invention of the scheme M2.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the eccentric spindle with the eccentric spindle in the shape of a blade as the eccentric spindle of the scheme M2 in the specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the eccentric spindle with the cylindrical tool as the eccentric spindle of the scheme M2 in the specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the eccentricity of the eccentric main shaft in the specific embodiment of the present invention as the scheme M2.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portable spiral hole milling unit with an eccentric spindle in a specific embodiment of the present invention with the solution M3.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the eccentric spindle with the eccentric spindle in the shape of a blade as the eccentric spindle of the scheme M3 in the specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the eccentric spindle with the eccentric spindle having the cylindrical shape as the solution M3 in the specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the eccentricity of the eccentric main shaft in the specific embodiment of the present invention as the solution M3.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart of the eccentricity adjustment method in the specific embodiment of the present invention where the eccentric spindle is the solution M1.
  • the present invention is a portable spiral milling unit, a portable spiral milling unit, comprising: a cutter 2, an eccentric spindle 1, an outer sleeve 12, a sleeve housing 14 and a plurality of transmission mechanisms for providing power.
  • the eccentric spindle 1 It is replaceably sleeved on the inner hole of the output section of the outer sleeve 12. Both the eccentric spindle 1 and the outer sleeve 12 have a preset eccentricity.
  • the tool 2 is connected to the output side of the eccentric spindle 1.
  • the eccentric spindle 1 Removably connected in the outer sleeve 12, the outer sleeve 12 is installed in the sleeve housing 14 through the sliding bearing 13, the input side of the outer sleeve 12 is connected with the first transmission mechanism and the third transmission mechanism, so The input end of the eccentric spindle 1 is connected with a second transmission mechanism, and the third transmission mechanism is used to drive the outer sleeve 12 to rotate relative to the sleeve housing 14 to complete the rotation of the tool 2 around the outer cylindrical axis of the outer sleeve 12.
  • the first transmission mechanism is used to drive the outer sleeve 12 to move back and forth relative to the axial direction of the sleeve housing 14 to complete the feed movement of the tool 2, and the second transmission mechanism is used to drive the eccentric spindle 1 to rotate to complete the tool 2 Rotation.
  • the output section of the outer sleeve 12 has an eccentric structure, that is, the axis of its outer cylindrical surface and the axis of the inner hole of the output section of the outer sleeve 12 have a certain amount of eccentricity e 0 .
  • the axis of the cylindrical surface is concentric with the axis of the inner hole of the middle section of the outer sleeve 12 and the input section.
  • the described eccentric spindle 1 structure has the following three solutions:
  • the eccentric spindle 1 when the processing object is a processing hole with a small diameter, the eccentric spindle 1 includes a spindle 5 and an inner sleeve 9 with an eccentric structure, that is, the axis of the outer cylindrical surface of the eccentric spindle 1 and the inner bore axis has a certain amount of eccentricity e n, spindle 5 through the spindle bearing bore 10 set in the inner sleeve 9, the spindle 5 is mounted to the front end of the tool 2;
  • the eccentric spindle 1 when the processing object is a processing hole with a larger diameter, the eccentric spindle 1 includes a spindle 5, an inner sleeve 9 and the eccentricity adjustment mechanism, and the eccentricity adjustment mechanism includes a gear
  • the transmission shaft 4, the rotating shaft 3, the first gear 6 and the second gear 7, the inner sleeve 9 is a concentric structure, the main shaft 5 is sleeved in the inner hole of the inner sleeve 9 through the main shaft bearing 10,
  • the output end of the main shaft 5 is equipped with a first gear 6, the first gear 6 meshes with the second gear 7, and the second gear 7 is installed at the input end of the rotating shaft 3, and the rotating shaft 3 is installed inside through the bearing 11 the sleeve 9, the rotation shaft 3 of the tool 2 attached to the tip of the first gear 6 and the shaft 7 between the second gear pitch e n;
  • the eccentric spindle 1 when the processing object is a processing hole with a larger diameter, the eccentric spindle 1 includes an inner sleeve 9, a spindle 5 and the eccentricity adjustment mechanism, and the eccentricity adjustment mechanism includes a gear
  • the transmission shaft 4, the rotating shaft 3, the first gear 6, the second gear 7 and the third gear 8, the inner sleeve 9 has a concentric structure, and the main shaft 5 is sleeved in the inner sleeve 9 through a main shaft bearing 10
  • the output end of the main shaft 5 is equipped with a first gear 6, the first gear 6 is meshed with a third gear 8 for transmission, and the third gear 8 is mounted on the gear transmission shaft 4 and is connected to the second gear 7 meshing transmission, the second gear 7 is mounted on the input end of the rotating shaft 3, the rotating shaft 3 is mounted on the inner sleeve 9 through the bearing 11, the tool 2 is mounted on the front end, the first gear 6 and the second e n is the axial distance between the gears 7.
  • the first transmission mechanism includes a first motor 15 and a lead screw 18.
  • the first motor 15 is horizontally mounted on the sleeve housing 14, and its output end is connected to the lead screw 18 through a lead screw coupling 16.
  • One end of the lead screw 18 is installed in the mounting hole of the lead screw support seat 17, and the other end is sleeved in the lead screw nut 22.
  • the lead screw support seat 17 is horizontally installed on the sleeve housing 14.
  • the lead screw nut 22 is installed on the translation plate 20;
  • the second transmission mechanism includes a second motor 19 and a transmission shaft 28, the output end of the second motor 19 is connected to the input end of the transmission shaft 28, and the output end of the transmission shaft 28 is connected to the input end of the main shaft 5;
  • the third transmission mechanism includes a third motor 32 and a first synchronous toothed belt.
  • a third synchronous toothed belt wheel 26 is installed at the input end of the outer sleeve 12, and the third synchronous toothed belt wheel 26 passes The first synchronous toothed belt is connected to a fourth synchronous toothed belt wheel 27 installed at the output end of the third motor 32.
  • the outer side of the input section of the outer sleeve 12 is connected to the translation plate 20 through a revolving bearing 30.
  • the second motor 19 and the third motor 32 are both mounted on the translation plate 20, and the input end of the transmission shaft 28 is mounted with a second synchronous toothed belt wheel 25, and the second synchronous toothed belt wheel 25 passes The second synchronous toothed belt is connected to the first synchronous toothed belt wheel 24 installed at the output end of the second motor 19.
  • the second transmission mechanism also includes an encoder 23 for measuring the rotation speed of the main shaft 5.
  • the encoder 23 is installed at the output end of the second motor 19 or the output end of the transmission shaft 28, and the housing of the encoder 23 is supported by the encoder.
  • the seat 21 is fixed on the translation plate 20.
  • the transmission shaft 28 is mounted on the input section of the outer sleeve 12 through a transmission bearing 29, and the output round shaft of the transmission shaft 28 is connected to the input end of the universal joint coupling 35 through a key.
  • the output terminal of 35 is connected to the input terminal of the spindle 5.
  • the universal joint coupling 35 is a double cross-shaft universal joint coupling, which is located in the inner hole of the middle section of the outer sleeve 12. Its structural feature uses its mechanism to make the two shafts not on the same axis, and there is an axis deviation. Under the condition of moving, it can realize continuous rotation of the two linked shafts, and reliably transmit torque and movement.
  • the two ends of the universal joint coupling 35 are respectively connected to the main shaft 5 and the transmission shaft 28, the axis of the main shaft 5 and the axis of the outer cylindrical surface of the outer sleeve 12 have a certain eccentricity e, the transmission shaft
  • the axis 28 is concentric with the axis of the outer cylindrical surface of the outer sleeve 12, so the universal joint coupling 35 can realize the transmission between the main shaft 5 and the transmission shaft 28 with a large eccentricity.
  • One end of the optical axis 33 is fixedly mounted on the sleeve housing 14, and the other end is sleeved in the optical axis slider 31.
  • the optical axis slider 31 is mounted on the translation plate 20.
  • the optical axis 33 is used for The translational plate 20 is kept in a vertical state, that is, it can only move in the direction of the axis of the cutter 2 but cannot rotate.
  • the outer side of the output end of the sleeve housing 14 is fixed to the housing 36 by a flange, and handles 34 are installed on both sides of the housing 36.
  • a positioning shaft sleeve 38 is fixed on the front side of the flange.
  • the working principle of the revolving movement of the portable screw milling unit is: the third motor 32 drives the outer sleeve 12 to rotate relative to the sleeve housing 14 and the translation plate 20 through the action of the timing belt wheel and the toothed belt, and then drives The inner sleeve 9 rotates.
  • the eccentricity of the tool 2 relative to the outer cylindrical surface of the outer sleeve 12 remains constant e, and the revolution movement of the tool 2 is realized.
  • the working principle of the feeding movement of the portable screw milling unit is: the first motor 15 drives the translation plate 20 to move in the axial direction through the action of the screw 18, and then drives the outer sleeve 12 relative to the sleeve housing 14. Move along the axial direction to realize the axial feed movement of the tool 2.
  • the working principle of the rotation of the main shaft 5 of the portable spiral milling unit is:
  • the second motor 19 drives the transmission shaft 28 to rotate through the action of the timing belt wheel and the toothed belt, and the transmission shaft 28 coaxial with the outer cylindrical surface of the outer sleeve 12 transmits power through a universal joint coupling 35
  • the encoder 23 detects the real-time rotational speed of the tool 2;
  • the second motor 19 drives the transmission shaft 28 to rotate through the action of the timing belt wheel and the toothed belt, and the transmission shaft 28 coaxial with the outer cylindrical surface of the outer sleeve 12 transmits power through a universal joint coupling 35
  • the main shaft 5 with the outer cylindrical surface eccentric to the outer sleeve 12 drives the first gear 6 at the front end of the main shaft 5 to rotate, and the first gear 6 drives the second gear 7 to rotate through meshing action to realize the rotation of the tool 2 at the front end of the second gear 7
  • the encoder 23 detects the real-time speed of rotation of the main shaft 5;
  • the second motor 19 drives the transmission shaft 28 to rotate through the action of the timing belt wheel and the toothed belt, and the transmission shaft 28 coaxial with the outer cylindrical surface of the outer sleeve 12 transmits power through a universal joint coupling 35
  • the main shaft 5 with the outer cylindrical surface of the outer sleeve 12 eccentric drive the first gear 6 at the front end of the main shaft 5 to rotate
  • the first gear 6 drives the third gear 8 to rotate through meshing action
  • the third gear 8 drives the second gear through meshing action 7 is rotated to realize the rotational movement of the tool 2 at the front end of the second gear 7, and the encoder 23 detects the real-time speed of rotation of the main shaft 5.
  • the eccentric adjustment program for the M1 comprises: a helical hole milling unit with a variety of different specifications of an eccentric spindle, the eccentric spindle eccentricity i.e. different values of e n 1. According to the amount of eccentricity to be adjusted, replace the eccentric spindle 1 of different specifications to complete the large eccentricity adjustment.
  • the outer circumferential surface of the front end of the eccentric spindle 1 is engraved with an eccentricity adjustment scale ring. Rotating the eccentric spindle 1 causes relative rotation between the eccentric spindle 1 and the outer sleeve 12, that is, the relative position of the eccentric spindle 1 and the outer sleeve 12 changes.
  • the scale ring that is, adjust the relative rotation angle ⁇ between the outer sleeve 12 and the eccentric spindle 1 to complete the fine adjustment of the eccentricity.
  • the eccentricity e of the tool 2 relative to the outer cylindrical surface of the outer sleeve 12 is changed to obtain different eccentricity of the tool 2 for
  • the value range of e is
  • the eccentric adjustment for the M2 scheme specifically includes: the spiral milling unit is equipped with a variety of eccentric spindles 1 of different specifications, that is, the models of the first gear 6 and the second gear 7 are different, resulting in the shaft spacing between the two e n is different, i.e. different magnitude of eccentricity of the eccentric shaft of e n 1.
  • the eccentric spindle 1 of different specifications changing by changing the eccentric spindle 1 of different specifications, changing e n to complete the large eccentricity adjustment.
  • Relative rotation is generated between the outer sleeve 12 and the outer sleeve 12, that is, the relative position of the outer sleeve 12 and the eccentric spindle 1 is changed.
  • Adjust the scale ring that is, adjust the relative rotation angle ⁇ between the outer sleeve 12 and the eccentric spindle 1 to complete the micro-eccentricity. Adjust, the eccentricity e of the tool 2 relative to the outer cylindrical surface of the outer sleeve 12 is changed, and then the different eccentricity of the tool 2 is obtained as The value range of e is
  • the eccentric adjustment for the M3 program specifically includes: the spiral milling unit is equipped with a variety of eccentric spindles 1 of different specifications, that is, the models of the first gear 6, the second gear 7 and the third gear 8 are different, resulting in the first between a pinion shaft 7 and the second gear 6 e n different pitch, i.e. different magnitude of the eccentricity of the eccentric shaft of e n 1.
  • the eccentric spindle 1 of different specifications by changing the eccentric spindle 1 of different specifications, changing e n to complete the large eccentricity adjustment.
  • Relative rotation is generated between the outer sleeve 12 and the outer sleeve 12, that is, the relative position of the outer sleeve 12 and the eccentric spindle 1 is changed.
  • Adjust the scale ring that is, adjust the relative rotation angle ⁇ between the outer sleeve 12 and the eccentric spindle 1 to complete the micro-eccentricity. Adjust, the eccentricity e of the tool 2 relative to the outer cylindrical surface of the outer sleeve 12 is changed, and then the different eccentricity of the tool 2 is obtained as The value range of e is
  • the number of teeth of the first gear 6 is Z1
  • the number of teeth of the second gear 7 is Z2
  • the speed of the spindle 5 is n1
  • the tool 2 includes the following two forms:
  • the cutter 2 is in the shape of a blade, and is fixed to the output end of the shaft 3 by bolts;
  • the cutter 2 is cylindrical, and the rear end of the cutter 2 is fixed to the output end of the rotating shaft 3 through a threaded connection.
  • the material of the tool 2 includes, but is not limited to, cemented carbide and other materials.
  • the eccentric adjustment for the M1 scheme has the following steps:
  • Spiral milling unit is equipped with an outer sleeve 12 with a fixed eccentricity and a variety of eccentric spindles 1 with different eccentricities.
  • step S2 in accordance with step S1, the e 0 and e n (e 1, e 2 ... e n), calculate the installation corresponding to the amount of eccentricity e n (e 1, e 2 ... e n) of the eccentric shaft spiral hole milling 1 unit
  • the eccentricity adjustment range of e a ⁇ e b is obtained, and the eccentricity adjustment ranges corresponding to n eccentric spindles 1 are:
  • step S4 According to the required adjustment eccentricity value e obtained in step S3, select the eccentric spindle 1 containing e in the eccentricity adjustment range e a to e b;
  • step S5 Install the eccentric spindle 1 selected in step S4 on the spiral hole milling unit, rotate the eccentric spindle 1, and adjust the eccentricity to e;
  • step S7 If it is necessary to continue to adjust the eccentricity, proceed to step S3 to step S5.
  • step S1 foreign eccentric sleeve 12 and the eccentric amount e 0 1 spindle eccentricity amount e n determined range with the following steps:
  • the main body of the adjustment scheme of M2 and M3 is the same as that of M1.
  • the eccentric adjustment of the M2 scheme has the following steps: the spiral milling unit is equipped with a variety of eccentric spindles of different specifications, that is, the models of the first gear and the second gear are different, resulting in a difference between the two e n different axial distances. According to the amount of eccentricity to be adjusted, the eccentricity can be adjusted by changing the eccentric spindle of different specifications and the shaft spacing e n . By rotating the eccentric spindle to make the relative rotation between the outer sleeve and the outer sleeve, adjust the difference between the outer sleeve and the eccentric spindle.
  • the eccentric adjustment for the M3 scheme has the following steps: the spiral milling unit is equipped with a variety of eccentric spindles of different specifications, that is, the models of the first gear, the second gear and the third gear are different, resulting in a gap between the first gear and the second gear. e n different axial distances. According to the amount of eccentricity to be adjusted, the eccentricity can be adjusted by changing the eccentric spindle of different specifications and the shaft spacing e n . By rotating the eccentric spindle to make the relative rotation between the outer sleeve and the outer sleeve, adjust the difference between the outer sleeve and the eccentric spindle.
  • the eccentricity of the outer sleeve 12 of the spiral milling unit e 0 0.5, which is Milling cutter processing with The specific processing steps are as follows:
  • the eccentricity adjustment ranges corresponding to the four eccentric spindles 1 are obtained: [0,1], [1,2], [2,3], [3,4];

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Abstract

一种便携式螺旋铣孔单元，包括：刀具（2）、偏心主轴（1）、外套筒（12）、套筒外壳（14）和若干用于提供动力的传动机构，偏心主轴（1）可更换地套装在外套筒（12）输出段中，偏心主轴（1）和外套筒（12）均存在预设的偏心量，刀具（2）与偏心量调节机构相连，外套筒（12）安装在套筒外壳（14）内，外套筒（12）连接第一传动机构和第三传动机构，偏心主轴（1）连接第二传动机构。传动机构结构紧凑，重量轻、体积小、可便携，适合任何复杂小空间工况作业。所有偏心主轴外形相同，均可安装到外套筒内且可以快速更换，实现偏心量的高精度调节和大范围调节，增大加工孔径范围，提高加工质量和加工效率。还包括一种便携式螺旋铣孔单元的偏心调节方法。

Description

一种便携式螺旋铣孔单元及偏心调节方法 技术领域
本发明涉及航空航天飞行器装配中的制孔加工技术领域，尤其涉及一种便携式螺旋铣孔单元及偏心调节方法。
背景技术
航空航天飞行器中大量采用包含复合材料、铝合金、钛合金、高强钢等难加工材料，以及两种以上材料组成的不同形式的叠层结构。飞行器结构件装配过程中存在大量的制孔加工需求。一种新的制孔方法为使用特制立铣刀进行螺旋铣孔，其原理为刀具自身高速旋转的同时沿螺旋轨迹进给，最终在工件上铣削出一个直径大于刀具自身的圆孔。针对复合材料、钛合金等新型材料的制孔，由于螺旋铣孔轴向切削力较钻孔小，因此表现出优于传统钻孔的特点，螺旋铣孔被应用到飞行器装配中，代替传统钻孔加工一些高质量要求的螺栓孔和铆钉孔，且应用范围不断扩大。螺旋铣孔加工时，刀具需要沿着螺旋轨迹进给，现有的制孔设备通常不具有此功能，为此需要研发专用的螺旋铣孔加工设备。而目前的螺旋铣孔装置存在的问题在于：(1)螺旋铣孔装置整体尺寸较大，重量重，不适合在空间复杂工况下进行螺旋铣孔加工；(2)螺旋铣孔装置结构复杂，成本高，不适合成批量制造；(3)现有螺旋铣孔装置主要加工对象为无预孔情况下的小孔径(直径不超过20mm)，针对有预孔情况下的大直径交点孔(直径最大可超过28mm)的扩孔加工时，需要加工设备具备更大的功率和结构刚度，增加了设计难度。区别于传统钻孔，螺旋铣孔的加工孔径不仅取决于刀具直径，还与刀具偏心量直接相关，螺旋铣孔加工孔径等于刀具直径加上偏心量的二倍。现有螺旋铣孔设备通常采用双偏心套筒原理实现偏心量的调节，内、外套筒偏心量都是不可改变的，偏心量调节范围在设备制造完成后已经确定。但无论偏心量调节范围大小如何，操作时都是通过改变内、外套筒相对转角改变刀具偏心量，且都是在内、外套筒相对旋转180度的过程中实现偏心量从最小值到最大值的改变。因此当偏心量可调节范围很大时，使内、外套筒相对旋转很小的角度偏心量便会发生较大变化，很难实现偏心量的微量调整，影响偏心量调节精度；当偏心量可调节范围很小时，使偏心量变化同样的值需要使内、外套筒相对旋转更大的角度，更容易实现偏心量微量调整，提高偏心调节精度， 但螺旋铣孔设备由于偏心量调节范围小可加工孔范围也相应减小。因此对于现有螺旋铣孔设备的偏心量调节方法，提高偏心调节精度和提高调节范围是相互矛盾的，很难同时实现。现有螺旋铣孔装置偏心量调节主要困难在于：(1)如果偏心量调节不准确，将直接导致加工孔径不合格。为了加工出尺寸合格的加工孔，螺旋铣孔装置应该通过偏心调节机构将偏心量调整到与理论值的误差足够小，以保证实际加工孔径尺寸合格。(2)如果加工孔径变化范围大，则需要保证偏心量的调节范围足够大，否则在加工过程中需要更换不同直径的刀具满足不同孔径的加工需求，降低了加工效率，增加了加工成本。因此螺旋铣孔装置的设计难点在于保证偏心量具有足够大的的调整范围和足够高的调整精度。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，针对现有技术螺旋铣孔装置的局限性，而提供一种便携式螺旋铣孔单元及偏心调节方法。本发明采用的技术手段如下：
一种便携式螺旋铣孔单元，包括：刀具、偏心主轴、外套筒、套筒外壳和若干用于提供动力的传动机构，所述偏心主轴可更换地套装在外套筒输出段内孔，所述偏心主轴和外套筒均存在预设的偏心量，所述刀具连接在偏心主轴的输出侧，所述偏心主轴可拆卸地连接在外套筒内，所述外套筒通过滑动轴承安装在套筒外壳内，所述外套筒的输入侧连接有第一传动机构和第三传动机构，所述偏心主轴的输入端连接有第二传动机构，所述第三传动机构用于带动外套筒相对于套筒外壳转动，完成刀具绕外套筒外圆柱面轴线的转动，所述第一传动机构用于带动外套筒相对于套筒外壳的轴线方向前后移动，完成刀具的进给运动，所述第二传动机构用于带动偏心主轴旋转，完成刀具的转动。
进一步地，M1方案，当加工对象为直径较小的加工孔时，所述的外套筒输出段为偏心结构，即其外圆柱面轴线与外套筒输出段内孔轴线具有一定的偏心量e 0，中段和输入段为同轴心结构，即其外圆柱面轴线与所述外套筒中段及输入段的内孔轴线同心，所述偏心主轴包括主轴和具有偏心结构的内套筒，即偏心主轴外圆柱面轴线与内孔轴线具有一定的偏心量e n，主轴通过主轴轴承套装在内套筒的内孔中。
进一步地，M2方案，当加工对象为直径较大的加工孔时，所述的外套筒输出段为偏心结构，即其外圆柱面轴线与外套筒输出段内孔轴线具有一定的偏心量e 0，中段和输入段为同轴心结构，即其外圆柱面轴线与所述外套筒中段及输入段的内孔轴线同心，所述的偏心主轴包括刀具、内套筒、主轴和所述偏心量调节机构，所述偏心量调节机构包括齿轮传 动轴、转轴、第一齿轮和第二齿轮，所述的内套筒为同心结构，所述的主轴通过主轴轴承套装在内套筒的内孔中，所述的主轴输出端安装第一齿轮，所述的第一齿轮与第二齿轮啮合传动，所述的第二齿轮安装在转轴输入端，所述转轴通过轴承安装在内套筒上，所述转轴前端安装所述刀具，所述的第一齿轮与第二齿轮之间的轴间距为e n。
进一步地，M3方案，当加工对象为直径较大的加工孔时，所述的外套筒输出段为偏心结构，即其外圆柱面轴线与外套筒输出段内孔轴线具有一定的偏心量e 0，中段和输入段为同轴心结构，即其外圆柱面轴线与所述外套筒中段及输入段的内孔轴线同心，所述的偏心主轴包括刀具、内套筒、主轴和所述偏心量调节机构，所述偏心量调节机构包括齿轮传动轴、转轴、第一齿轮、第二齿轮和第三齿轮，所述的内套筒为同心结构，所述的主轴通过主轴轴承套装在内套筒的内孔中，所述的主轴输出端安装第一齿轮，所述的第一齿轮与第三齿轮啮合传动，所述的第三齿轮安装在齿轮传动轴上，与第二齿轮啮合传动，所述的第二齿轮安装在转轴输入端，所述的转轴通过轴承安装在内套筒上，其前端安装刀具，所述的第一齿轮与第二齿轮之间的轴间距为e n。
进一步地，所述第一传动机构、第二传动机构和第三传动机构均通过连接件连接在套筒外壳上。
进一步地，所述第一传动机构包括第一马达和丝杠，所述的第一马达水平安装在套筒外壳上，其输出端通过丝杠联轴器与丝杠连接，所述的丝杠一端安装在丝杠支撑座的安装孔中，另一端套装在丝杠螺母内，所述的丝杠支撑座水平安装在套筒外壳上，所述的丝杠螺母安装在平动板上；
所述第二传动机构包括第二马达和传动轴，所述第二马达的输出端与传动轴的输入端相连，所述传动轴的输出端与主轴的输入端相连；
所述第三传动机构包括第三马达和第一同步齿形带，所述的外套筒输入端安装第三同步齿形带轮，所述的第三同步齿形带轮通过第一同步齿形带与安装在第三马达输出端的第四同步齿形带轮连接；
所述外套筒输入段的外侧通过公转轴承与平动板相连。
进一步地，所述第二马达和第三马达均安装在平动板上，所述传动轴的输入端安装第二同步齿形带轮，所述的第二同步齿形带轮通过第二同步齿形带与安装在第二马达输出端的第一同步齿形带轮连接。
进一步地，所述第二传动机构还包括用于测量主轴转速的编码器，所述编码器安装在第二马达输出端或传动轴输出端，所述编码器的外壳通过编码器支撑座固定在平动板上。
进一步地，所述传动轴通过传动轴承安装在所述外套筒输入段，所述传动轴的输出端圆轴通过键连接万向节联轴器的输入端，万向节联轴器的输出端与主轴的输入端相连。
进一步地，还包括一光轴，所述光轴一端固定安装在套筒外壳上，另一端套装在光轴滑块中，所述的光轴滑块安装在平动板上，所述光轴用于使平动板保持竖直状态，即只能在刀具轴线方向移动而不能旋转。
进一步地，所述套筒外壳输出端的外侧通过法兰与外壳固定，所述外壳两侧安装有把手。
进一步地，所述的万向节联轴器为双十字轴式万向节联轴器。
进一步地，方案M2和M3中，所述的第一齿轮齿数为Z1，所述的第二齿轮齿数为Z2，所述的主轴转速为n1，刀具自转转速为n2＝n1·Z1/Z2。
本发明还公开上述螺旋铣孔的偏心调节方法，针对M1方案偏心调节具有如下步骤：
S1、螺旋铣孔单元配有一个偏心量为定值的外套筒和多种不同偏心量的偏心主轴，设定一个外套筒偏心量为e 0，n个偏心主轴偏心量为e n(e 1，e 2…e n)，所有的偏心主轴具有相同的外形尺寸，均可安装在外套筒内使用；
S2、根据步骤S1中的e 0和e n(e 1，e 2…e n)，计算安装对应偏心量e n(e 1，e 2…e n)的偏心主轴时的螺旋铣孔单元的偏心量调节范围e a～e b，得到n个偏心主轴所对应的偏心量调节范围分别为：|e 1-e 0|～|e 1+e 0|，|e 2-e 0|～|e 2+e 0|，…|e n-e 0|～|e n+e 0|；
S3、根据加工需求，计算螺旋铣孔单元所需调节偏心量值e；
S4、根据步骤S3中得到所需调节偏心量值e，选择偏心量调节范围e a～e b内包含e的偏心主轴；
S5、将步骤S4所选择偏心主轴安装在螺旋铣孔单元上，旋转偏心主轴，调节偏心量为e；
S6、偏心调节完成；
S7、若需继续调整偏心量，进行步骤S3～步骤S5。
进一步地，所述的步骤S1中外套筒的偏心量e 0和偏心主轴的偏心量e n的确定范围具有如下步骤：
S11、基于偏心主轴的刻度环上刻度盘尺寸刻度线所能达到的最高分辨率，确定一个 偏心主轴的刻度环最大量程内的对应偏心量调节范围值e m，确定外套筒的偏心量e 0应满足e 0≤e m/2；
S12、根据待加工刀具种类直径范围及待加工孔径大小范围等加工需求，确定螺旋铣孔单元偏心量调节范围e x～e y；
S13、确定配备的偏心主轴的最小数量n＝(|e x-e y|)/2e 0(n向上取整)；
S14、根据步骤S12中确定的偏心量调节范围e x～e y，及步骤S13中计算得到的偏心主轴数量n，确定n个偏心主轴所对应的调节偏心量范围e a～e b应满足e a～e b∈e x～e y，
即[|e 1-e 0|,|e 1+e 0|]∪[|e 2-e 0|,|e 2+e 0|]∪…∪[|e n-e 0|,|e n+e 0|]∈[e x,e y]；
S15、根据步骤S11中确定外套筒的偏心量e 0及步骤S14中确定n个偏心主轴所对应的调节偏心量范e a～e b，即|e 1-e 0|～|e 1+e 0|，|e 2-e 0|～|e 2+e 0|，…|e n-e 0|～|e n+e 0|，确定n个偏心主轴偏心量为e n(e 1，e 2…e n)。
进一步地，所述步骤S5中，转动偏心主轴使其与外套筒之间产生相对转动完成偏心量的精调节，通过调节外套筒与偏心主轴之间的相对转角θ，刀具相对外套筒外圆柱面的偏心量改变，进而得到不同的偏心量为
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000001
e取值范围为|e n-e 0|≤e≤|e n+e 0|。
本发明还公开上述螺旋铣孔的偏心调节方法，针对M2方案偏心调节具有如下步骤：螺旋铣孔单元配有多种不同规格的偏心主轴，即第一齿轮和第二齿轮的型号不同，导致两者之间轴间距e n有所不同。根据所要调节偏心量大小，通过更换不同规格的偏心主轴，改变轴间距e n完成偏心量大调整，通过转动偏心主轴使其与外套筒之间产生相对转动，调节外套筒与偏心主轴之间的相对转角θ，完成偏心量微调整，刀具相对外套筒外圆柱面的偏心量e改变，进而得到不同的螺旋铣孔单元偏心量为
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000002
e取值范围为|e n-e 0|≤e≤|e n+e 0|。
本发明还公开上述螺旋铣孔的偏心调节方法，针对M3方案偏心调节具有如下步骤：螺旋铣孔单元配有多种不同规格的偏心主轴，即第一齿轮、第二齿轮和第三齿轮的型号不同，导致第一齿轮和第二齿轮之间的轴间距e n有所不同。根据所要调节偏心量大小，通过更换不同规格的偏心主轴，改变轴间距e n完成偏心量大调整，通过转动偏心主轴使其与外套筒之间产生相对转动，调节外套筒与偏心主轴之间的相对转角θ，完成偏心量微调整，刀具相对外套筒外圆柱面的偏心量e改变，进而得到不同的螺旋铣孔单元偏心量为
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000003
e取值范围为|e n-e 0|≤e≤|e n+e 0|。
本发明具有以下优点：
1、本发明便携式螺旋铣单元采用滑动轴承支撑外套筒，外套筒即可旋转，又可前后移动，同时实现了公转运动与轴线进给运动，与传统的直线导轨加滚动轴承结构相比结构紧凑，通过平动版、同步带及光轴等机构有效协调第一传动机构、第二传动机构和第三传动机构的空间关系，使得整体结构紧凑，重量轻、体积小、可便携，适合任何复杂小空间工况作业，且结构简单，成本较低。
2、本发明便携式螺旋铣单元克服传统制孔装置的不足，实现具有一定偏心距的主轴和传动轴之间的动力传递，由于传动轴轴线与外套筒外圆柱面轴线同心的结构设计，马达与传动轴轴线的轴间距恒定，实现刀具公转过程中的动力输入，机构简单，成本较低，能够保证转速和扭矩传递的稳定性。
3、本发明便携式螺旋铣单元采用一个外套筒配多个不同偏心量的偏心主轴的形式，所有偏心主轴外形相同，均可安装到外套筒内且可以快速更换，安装任何一个偏心主轴时偏心可调节范围都较小，因此可以实现偏心量的准确调整，通过更换偏心主轴又可以实现偏心量的大范围调整。本发明克服传统螺旋铣孔装置偏心调节方法的不足，同时实现了偏心量的高精度调节和大范围调节，增大加工孔径范围，提高加工质量，提高的加工效率，降低加工成本。
基于上述理由本发明可在制孔加工技术领域广泛推广。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做以简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明的具体实施方式中的偏心主轴为方案M1的便携式螺旋铣孔单元的剖面示意图。
图2是本发明的具体实施方式中的偏心主轴为方案M1的偏心主轴示意图。
图3是本发明的具体实施方式中的偏心主轴为方案M1的偏心量示意图。
图4是本发明的具体实施方式中的偏心主轴为方案M2的便携式螺旋铣孔单元的剖面示意图。
图5是本发明的具体实施方式中的刀具为刀片形状的偏心主轴为方案M2的偏心主轴示意图。
图6是本发明的具体实施方式中的刀具为圆柱形状的偏心主轴为方案M2的偏心主轴示意图。
图7是本发明的具体实施方式中的偏心主轴为方案M2的偏心量示意图。
图8是本发明的具体实施方式中的偏心主轴为方案M3的便携式螺旋铣孔单元的剖面示意图。
图9是本发明的具体实施方式中的刀具为刀片形状的偏心主轴为方案M3的偏心主轴示意图。
图10是本发明的具体实施方式中的刀具为圆柱形状的偏心主轴为方案M3的偏心主轴示意图。
图11是本发明的具体实施方式中的偏心主轴为方案M3的偏心量示意图。
图12是本发明的具体实施方式中的偏心主轴为方案M1的偏心调节方法的流程图。
其中，1.偏心主轴，2.刀具，3.转轴，4.齿轮传动轴，5.主轴，6.第一齿轮，7.第二齿轮，8.第三齿轮，9.内套筒，10.主轴轴承，11.轴承，12.外套筒，13.滑动轴承，14.套筒外壳，15.第一马达，16.丝杠联轴器，17.丝杠支撑座，18.丝杠，19.第二马达，20.平动板，21.编码器支撑座，22.丝杠螺母，23.编码器，24.第一同步齿形带轮，25.第二同步齿形带轮，26.第三同步齿形带轮，27.第四同步齿形带轮，28.传动轴，29.传动轴承，30.公转轴承，31.光轴滑块，32.第三马达，33.光轴，34.把手，35.万向节联轴器，36.外壳，38.定位轴套。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明一种便携式螺旋铣孔单元，一种便携式螺旋铣孔单元，包括：刀具2、偏心主 轴1、外套筒12、套筒外壳14和若干用于提供动力的传动机构，所述偏心主轴1可更换地套装在外套筒12输出段内孔，所述偏心主轴1和外套筒12均存在预设的偏心量，所述刀具2连接在偏心主轴1的输出侧，所述偏心主轴1可拆卸地连接在外套筒12内，所述外套筒12通过滑动轴承13安装在套筒外壳14内，所述外套筒12的输入侧连接有第一传动机构和第三传动机构，所述偏心主轴1的输入端连接有第二传动机构，所述第三传动机构用于带动外套筒12相对于套筒外壳14转动，完成刀具2绕外套筒12外圆柱面轴线的转动，所述第一传动机构用于带动外套筒12相对于套筒外壳14的轴线方向前后移动，完成刀具2的进给运动，所述第二传动机构用于带动偏心主轴1旋转，完成刀具2的转动。
所述的外套筒12输出段为偏心结构，即其外圆柱面轴线与外套筒12输出段内孔轴线具有一定的偏心量e 0，中段和输入段为同轴心结构，即其外圆柱面轴线与所述外套筒12中段及输入段的内孔轴线同心。
所述的偏心主轴1结构具有如下3种方案：
M1方案，如图1、2所示，当加工对象为直径较小的加工孔时，所述的偏心主轴1包括主轴5和具有偏心结构的内套筒9，即偏心主轴1外圆柱面轴线与内孔轴线具有一定的偏心量e n，主轴5通过主轴轴承10套装在内套筒9的内孔中，所述主轴5前端安装所述刀具2；
M2方案，如图4所示，当加工对象为直径较大的加工孔时，所述偏心主轴1包括主轴5、内套筒9和所述偏心量调节机构，所述偏心量调节机构包括齿轮传动轴4、转轴3、第一齿轮6和第二齿轮7，所述的内套筒9为同心结构，所述的主轴5通过主轴轴承10套装在内套筒9的内孔中，所述的主轴5输出端安装第一齿轮6，所述的第一齿轮6与第二齿轮7啮合传动，所述的第二齿轮7安装在转轴3输入端，所述转轴3通过轴承11安装在内套筒9上，所述转轴3前端安装所述刀具2，所述的第一齿轮6与第二齿轮7之间的轴间距为e n；
M3方案，如图8所示，当加工对象为直径较大的加工孔时，所述偏心主轴1包括内套筒9、主轴5和所述偏心量调节机构，所述偏心量调节机构包括齿轮传动轴4、转轴3、第一齿轮6、第二齿轮7和第三齿轮8，所述的内套筒9为同心结构，所述的主轴5通过主轴轴承10套装在内套筒9的内孔中，所述的主轴5输出端安装第一齿轮6，所述的第一齿轮6与第三齿轮8啮合传动，所述的第三齿轮8安装在齿轮传动轴4上，与第二齿轮7啮合传动，所述的第二齿轮7安装在转轴3输入端，所述的转轴3通过轴承11安装在内套筒9上，其前端安装刀具2，所述的第一齿轮6与第二齿轮7之间的轴间距为e n。
所述第一传动机构包括第一马达15和丝杠18，所述的第一马达15水平安装在套筒外壳14上，其输出端通过丝杠联轴器16与丝杠18连接，所述的丝杠18一端安装在丝杠支撑座17的安装孔中，另一端套装在丝杠螺母22内，所述的丝杠支撑座17水平安装在套筒外壳14上，所述的丝杠螺母22安装在平动板20上；
所述第二传动机构包括第二马达19和传动轴28，所述第二马达19的输出端与传动轴28的输入端相连，所述传动轴28的输出端与主轴5的输入端相连；
所述第三传动机构包括第三马达32和第一同步齿形带，所述的外套筒12输入端安装第三同步齿形带轮26，所述的第三同步齿形带轮26通过第一同步齿形带与安装在第三马达32输出端的第四同步齿形带轮27连接。
所述外套筒12输入段的外侧通过公转轴承30与平动板20相连。
所述第二马达19和第三马达32均安装在平动板20上，所述传动轴28的输入端安装第二同步齿形带轮25，所述的第二同步齿形带轮25通过第二同步齿形带与安装在第二马达19输出端的第一同步齿形带轮24连接。
所述第二传动机构还包括用于测量主轴5转速的编码器23，所述编码器23安装在第二马达19输出端或传动轴28输出端，所述编码器23的外壳通过编码器支撑座21固定在平动板20上。
所述传动轴28通过传动轴承29安装在所述外套筒12输入段，所述传动轴28的输出端圆轴通过键连接万向节联轴器35的输入端，万向节联轴器35的输出端与主轴5的输入端相连。所述的万向节联轴器35为双十字轴式万向节联轴器，位于所述外套筒12中段内孔中，其结构特点利用其机构使两轴不在同一轴线，存在轴线偏移的情况下能实现所链接的两轴连续回转，并可靠地传递转矩和运动。所述的万向节联轴器35两端分别连接主轴5和传动轴28，所述主轴5轴线与所述外套筒12的外圆柱面轴线具有一定的偏心量e，所述的传动轴28轴线与所述外套筒12的外圆柱面轴线同心，因此所述的万向节联轴器35可实现存在较大偏心量的主轴5和传动轴28之间的传动。
所述的光轴33一端固定安装在套筒外壳14上，另一端套装在光轴滑块31中，所述的光轴滑块31安装在平动板20上，所述光轴33用于使平动板20保持竖直状态，即只能在刀具2轴线方向移动而不能旋转。
所述套筒外壳14输出端的外侧通过法兰与外壳36固定，所述外壳36两侧安装有把 手34。
所述法兰前侧固定有定位轴套38。
所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元的公转运动的工作原理为：第三马达32通过同步带轮和齿形带的作用带动外套筒12相对于套筒外壳14及平动板20转动，进而带动内套筒9旋转，当外套筒12和内套筒9保持相对静止，刀具2相对外套筒12外圆柱面的偏心量保持恒定e，实现刀具2的公转运动。
所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元的进给运动的工作原理为：第一马达15通过丝杠18的作用带动平动板20沿轴向方向运动，进而带动外套筒12相对于套筒外壳14沿轴线方向移动，进而实现刀具2的轴向进给运动。
所述的第二马达19驱动传动轴28旋转过程中，由于所述传动轴28轴线位置在第三马达32驱动外套筒12旋转时始终不变，方便第二马达19通过同步带轮将动力传送给传动轴28。
所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元的主轴5转动的工作原理为：
针对M1方案，第二马达19通过同步带轮和齿形带的作用带动传动轴28转动，与外套筒12外圆柱面同轴心的传动轴28通过万向节联轴器35将动力传送给与外套筒12外圆柱面偏心的主轴5，带动主轴5转动，实现刀具2的旋转运动，编码器23检测刀具2旋转实时转速；
针对M2方案，第二马达19通过同步带轮和齿形带的作用带动传动轴28转动，与外套筒12外圆柱面同轴心的传动轴28通过万向节联轴器35将动力传送给与外套筒12外圆柱面偏心的主轴5，带动主轴5前端的第一齿轮6转动，第一齿轮6通过啮合作用带动第二齿轮7转动，实现第二齿轮7前端的刀具2的旋转运动，编码器23检测主轴5旋转实时转速；
针对M3方案，第二马达19通过同步带轮和齿形带的作用带动传动轴28转动，与外套筒12外圆柱面同轴心的传动轴28通过万向节联轴器35将动力传送给与外套筒12外圆柱面偏心的主轴5，带动主轴5前端的第一齿轮6转动，第一齿轮6通过啮合作用带动第三齿轮8转动，第三齿轮8通过啮合作用带动第二齿轮7转动，实现第二齿轮7前端的刀具2的旋转运动，编码器23检测主轴5旋转实时转速。
所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元的偏心调节的工作原理为：
如图3所示，针对M1方案偏心调节具体包括：螺旋铣孔单元配有多种不同规格的偏心主轴1，即偏心主轴1的偏心量值e n不同。根据所要调节偏心量大小，更换不同规格的偏心主轴1，完成偏心量大调整。所述的偏心主轴1前端外圆周面刻有偏心量调节刻度环，转动偏心主轴1使其与外套筒12之间产生相对转动，即偏心主轴1和外套筒12相对位置产生变化，调节刻度环，即调节外套筒12与偏心主轴1之间的相对转角θ，完成偏心量微调整，刀具2相对外套筒12外圆柱面的偏心量e改变，进而得到不同的刀具2偏心量为
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000004
e取值范围为|e n-e 0|≤e≤|e n+e 0|，角度调整完毕后，将偏心主轴1和外套筒12固定；
如图7所示，针对M2方案偏心调节具体包括：螺旋铣孔单元配有多种不同规格的偏心主轴1，即第一齿轮6和第二齿轮7的型号不同，导致两者之间轴间距e n有所不同，即偏心主轴1的偏心量值e n不同。根据所要调节偏心量大小，通过更换不同规格的偏心主轴1，改变e n完成偏心量大调整，所述的偏心主轴1前端外圆周面刻有偏心量调节刻度环，通过转动偏心主轴1使其与外套筒12之间产生相对转动，即外套筒12和偏心主轴1相对位置产生变化，调节刻度环，即调节外套筒12与偏心主轴1之间的相对转角θ，完成偏心量微调整，刀具2相对外套筒12外圆柱面的偏心量e改变，进而得到不同的刀具2偏心量为
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000005
e取值范围为|e n-e 0|≤e≤|e n+e 0|，角度调整完毕后，将偏心主轴1和外套筒12固定；
如图11所示，针对M3方案偏心调节具体包括：螺旋铣孔单元配有多种不同规格的偏心主轴1，即第一齿轮6、第二齿轮7和第三齿轮8的型号不同，导致第一齿轮6和第二齿轮7之间的轴间距e n有所不同，即偏心主轴1的偏心量值e n不同。根据所要调节偏心量大小，通过更换不同规格的偏心主轴1，改变e n完成偏心量大调整，所述的偏心主轴1前端外圆周面刻有偏心量调节刻度环，通过转动偏心主轴1使其与外套筒12之间产生相对转动，即外套筒12和偏心主轴1相对位置产生变化，调节刻度环，即调节外套筒12与偏心主轴1之间的相对转角θ，完成偏心量微调整，刀具2相对外套筒12外圆柱面的偏心量e改变，进而得到不同的刀具2偏心量为
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000006
e取值范围为|e n-e 0|≤e≤|e n+e 0|，角度调整完毕后，将偏心主轴1和外套筒12固定。
针对M2/M3方案，所述的第一齿轮6齿数为Z1，所述的第二齿轮7齿数为Z2，所述的主轴5转速为n1，则刀具2自转转速为n2＝n1·Z1/Z2。
针对M2/M3方案，所述的刀具2包括如下两种形式：
如图5/9所示，M21/M31、所述的刀具2为刀片形状，通过螺栓固定在转轴3输出端；
如图6/10所示，M22/M32、所述的刀具2为圆柱形状，刀具2后端通过螺纹连接固定在转轴3输出端。
所述的刀具2材质包括但不限于硬质合金等材料。
如图12所示，针对M1方案偏心调节具有如下步骤：
S1、螺旋铣孔单元配有一个偏心量为定值的外套筒12和多种不同偏心量的偏心主轴1，设定一个外套筒12偏心量为e 0，n个偏心主轴1偏心量为e n(e 1，e 2…e n)，所有的偏心主轴1具有相同的外形尺寸，均可安装在外套筒12内使用；
S2、根据步骤S1中的e 0和e n(e 1，e 2…e n)，计算安装对应偏心量e n(e 1，e 2…e n)的偏心主轴1时的螺旋铣孔单元的偏心量调节范围e a～e b，得到n个偏心主轴1所对应的偏心量调节范围分别为：|e 1-e 0|～|e 1+e 0|，|e 2-e 0|～|e 2+e 0|，…|e n-e 0|～|e n+e 0|；
S3、根据加工需求，计算螺旋铣孔单元所需调节偏心量值e；
S4、根据步骤S3中得到所需调节偏心量值e，选择偏心量调节范围e a～e b内包含e的偏心主轴1；
S5、将步骤S4所选择偏心主轴1安装在螺旋铣孔单元上，旋转偏心主轴1，调节偏心量为e；
S6、偏心调节完成；
S7、若需继续调整偏心量，进行步骤S3～步骤S5。
所述的步骤S1中外套筒12的偏心量e 0和偏心主轴1的偏心量e n的确定范围具有如下步骤：
S11、基于偏心主轴1的刻度环上刻度盘尺寸刻度线所能达到的最高分辨率，确定一个偏心主轴1的刻度环最大量程内的对应偏心量调节范围值e m，确定外套筒12的偏心量e 0应满足e 0≤e m/2；
S12、根据待加工刀具2种类直径范围及待加工孔径大小范围等加工需求，确定螺旋铣孔单元偏心量调节范围e x～e y；
S13、确定配备的偏心主轴1的最小数量n＝(|e x-e y|)/2e 0(n向上取整)；
S14、根据步骤S12中确定的偏心量调节范围e x～e y，及步骤S13中计算得到的偏心主轴1数量n，确定n个偏心主轴1所对应的调节偏心量范围e a～e b应满足e a～e b∈e x～e y，即
[|e 1-e 0|,|e 1+e 0|]∪[|e 2-e 0|,|e 2+e 0|]∪…∪[|e n-e 0|,|e n+e 0|]∈[e x,e y]；
S15、根据步骤S11中确定外套筒12的偏心量e 0及步骤S14中确定n个偏心主轴1所对应的调节偏心量范围e a～e b，即|e 1-e 0|～|e 1+e 0|，|e 2-e 0|～|e 2+e 0|，…|e n-e 0|～|e n+e 0|， 确定n个偏心主轴1偏心量为e n(e 1，e 2…e n)。
M2、M3的调节方案主体同M1，针对M2方案偏心调节具有如下步骤：螺旋铣孔单元配有多种不同规格的偏心主轴，即第一齿轮和第二齿轮的型号不同，导致两者之间轴间距e n有所不同。根据所要调节偏心量大小，通过更换不同规格的偏心主轴，改变轴间距e n完成偏心量大调整，通过转动偏心主轴使其与外套筒之间产生相对转动，调节外套筒与偏心主轴之间的相对转角θ，完成偏心量微调整，刀具相对外套筒外圆柱面的偏心量e改变，进而得到不同的螺旋铣孔单元偏心量为
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000007
e取值范围为|e n-e 0|≤e≤|e n+e 0|。
针对M3方案偏心调节具有如下步骤：螺旋铣孔单元配有多种不同规格的偏心主轴，即第一齿轮、第二齿轮和第三齿轮的型号不同，导致第一齿轮和第二齿轮之间的轴间距e n有所不同。根据所要调节偏心量大小，通过更换不同规格的偏心主轴，改变轴间距e n完成偏心量大调整，通过转动偏心主轴使其与外套筒之间产生相对转动，调节外套筒与偏心主轴之间的相对转角θ，完成偏心量微调整，刀具相对外套筒外圆柱面的偏心量e改变，进而得到不同的螺旋铣孔单元偏心量为
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000008
e取值范围为|e n-e 0|≤e≤|e n+e 0|。
以M1方案为例，进行螺旋铣孔，具体地，
本实施例中，螺旋铣孔单元的外套筒12偏心量e 0＝0.5，用
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000009
的铣刀加工
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000010
和
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000011
的孔，具体加工步骤如下：
S1、选定一个外套筒12偏心量为e 0＝0.5，4个偏心主轴1偏心量分别为e n＝0.5，1.5，2.5，3.5；
S2、根据步骤S1中的e 0＝0.5和e n＝0.5，1.5，2.5，3.5，计算对应偏心量e n＝0.5，1.5，2.5，3.5的偏心主轴1的螺旋铣孔单元的偏心量调节范围e a～e b，得到4个偏心主轴1所对应的偏心量调节范围分别为：[0,1]，[1,2]，[2,3]，[3,4]；
S3、根据当前根据待加工孔直径
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000012
和待加工刀具21直径
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000013
计算螺旋铣孔单元所需调节偏心量理论值e＝(D-d)/2＝1；
S4、根据步骤S3中得到所需调节偏心量理论e＝1，选择偏心量调节范围e ab＝[1,2]的偏心主轴1；
S5、将步骤S4所选择偏心主轴1安装在螺旋铣孔单元上，调节偏心量为e＝1；
S6、装夹待加工工件和加工刀具2，进行螺旋铣制孔；
S7、根据当前根据待加工孔直径
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000014
和待加工刀具2直径
Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-000015
计算螺旋铣孔单 元所需调节偏心量理论值e＝(D-d)/2＝2.5；
S8、根据步骤S7中得到所需调节偏心量理论e＝2.5，选择偏心量调节范围e ab＝[2,3]的偏心主轴1；
S9、将步骤S8所选择偏心主轴1安装在螺旋铣孔单元上，调节偏心量为e＝2.5；
S10、装夹待加工工件和加工刀具2，进行螺旋铣制孔；
S11、制孔加工结束。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种便携式螺旋铣孔单元，其特征在于，包括：刀具、偏心主轴、外套筒、套筒外壳和若干用于提供动力的传动机构，所述偏心主轴可更换地套装在外套筒输出段内孔，所述偏心主轴和外套筒均存在预设的偏心量，所述刀具连接在偏心主轴的输出侧，所述偏心主轴可拆卸地连接在外套筒内，所述外套筒通过滑动轴承安装在套筒外壳内，所述外套筒的输入侧连接有第一传动机构和第三传动机构，所述偏心主轴的输入端连接有第二传动机构，所述第三传动机构用于带动外套筒相对于套筒外壳转动，完成刀具绕外套筒外圆柱面轴线的转动，所述第一传动机构用于带动外套筒相对于套筒外壳的轴线方向前后移动，完成刀具的进给运动，所述第二传动机构用于带动偏心主轴旋转，完成刀具的转动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元，其特征在于，所述的外套筒输出段为偏心结构，即其外圆柱面轴线与外套筒输出段内孔轴线具有一定的偏心量e 0，中段和输入段为同轴心结构，即其外圆柱面轴线与所述外套筒中段及输入段的内孔轴线同心，所述偏心主轴包括主轴和具有偏心结构的内套筒，即偏心主轴外圆柱面轴线与内孔轴线具有一定的偏心量e n，主轴通过主轴轴承套装在内套筒的内孔中。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元，其特征在于，所述的外套筒输出段为偏心结构，即其外圆柱面轴线与外套筒输出段内孔轴线具有一定的偏心量e 0，中段和输入段为同轴心结构，即其外圆柱面轴线与所述外套筒中段及输入段的内孔轴线同心，所述的偏心主轴包括刀具、内套筒、主轴和偏心量调节机构，所述偏心量调节机构包括齿轮传动轴、转轴、第一齿轮和第二齿轮，所述的内套筒为同心结构，所述的主轴通过主轴轴承套装在内套筒的内孔中，所述的主轴输出端安装第一齿轮，所述的第一齿轮与第二齿轮啮合传动，所述的第二齿轮安装在转轴输入端，所述转轴通过轴承安装在内套筒上，所述转轴前端安装所述刀具，所述的第一齿轮与第二齿轮之间的轴间距为e n。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元，其特征在于，所述的外套筒输出段为偏心结构，即其外圆柱面轴线与外套筒输出段内孔轴线具有一定的偏心量e 0，中段和输入段为同轴心结构，即其外圆柱面轴线与所述外套筒中段及输入段的内孔轴线同心，所述的偏心主轴包括刀具、内套筒、主轴和偏心量调节机构，所述偏心量调节机构包括齿轮传动轴、转轴、第一齿轮、第二齿轮和第三齿轮，所述的内套筒为同心结构，所述的主轴通过主轴轴承套装在内套筒的内孔中，所述的主轴输出端安装第一齿轮，所述的第一齿轮与第三齿轮啮合传动，所述的第三齿轮安装在齿轮传动轴上，与第二齿轮啮合传动，所述的 第二齿轮安装在转轴输入端，所述的转轴通过轴承安装在内套筒上，其前端安装刀具，所述的第一齿轮与第二齿轮之间的轴间距为e n。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元，其特征在于，所述第一传动机构、第二传动机构和第三传动机构均通过连接件连接在套筒外壳上。
  6. 根据权利要求5任一项所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元，其特征在于，所述第一传动机构包括第一马达和丝杠，所述的第一马达水平安装在套筒外壳上，其输出端通过丝杠联轴器与丝杠连接，所述的丝杠一端安装在丝杠支撑座的安装孔中，另一端套装在丝杠螺母内，所述的丝杠支撑座水平安装在套筒外壳上，所述的丝杠螺母安装在平动板上；
    所述第二传动机构包括第二马达和传动轴，所述第二马达的输出端与传动轴的输入端相连，所述传动轴的输出端与主轴的输入端相连；
    所述第三传动机构包括第三马达和第一同步齿形带，所述的外套筒输入端安装第三同步齿形带轮，所述的第三同步齿形带轮通过第一同步齿形带与安装在第三马达输出端的第四同步齿形带轮连接；
    所述外套筒输入段的外侧通过公转轴承与平动板相连。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元，其特征在于，所述第二马达和第三马达均安装在平动板上，所述传动轴的输入端安装第二同步齿形带轮，所述的第二同步齿形带轮通过第二同步齿形带与安装在第二马达输出端的第一同步齿形带轮连接。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元，其特征在于，所述第二传动机构还包括用于测量主轴转速的编码器，所述编码器安装在第二马达输出端或传动轴输出端，所述编码器的外壳通过编码器支撑座固定在平动板上。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元，其特征在于，所述传动轴通过传动轴承安装在所述外套筒输入段，所述传动轴的输出端圆轴通过键连接万向节联轴器的输入端，万向节联轴器的输出端与主轴的输入端相连。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元，其特征在于，还包括一光轴，所述光轴一端固定安装在套筒外壳上，另一端套装在光轴滑块中，所述的光轴滑块安装在平动板上，所述光轴用于使平动板保持竖直状态，即只能在刀具轴线方向移动而不能旋转。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元，其特征在于，所述套筒外壳输出端的外侧通过法兰与外壳固定，所述外壳两侧安装有把手。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元，其特征在于，所述的万向节联轴器为双十字轴式万向节联轴器。
  13. 根据权利要求3或4所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元，其特征在于，所述的第一齿轮齿数为Z1，所述的第二齿轮齿数为Z2，所述的主轴转速为n1，刀具自转转速为n2＝n1·Z1/Z2。
  14. 一种权利要求2所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元的偏心调节方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    S1、螺旋铣孔单元配有一个偏心量为定值的外套筒和多种不同偏心量的偏心主轴，设定一个外套筒偏心量为e 0，n个偏心主轴偏心量为e n(e 1，e 2…e n)，所有的偏心主轴具有相同的外形尺寸，均可安装在外套筒内使用；
    S2、根据步骤S1中的e 0和e n(e 1，e 2…e n)，计算安装对应偏心量e n(e 1，e 2…e n)的偏心主轴时的螺旋铣孔单元的偏心量调节范围e a～e b，得到n个偏心主轴所对应的偏心量调节范围分别为：|e 1-e 0|～|e 1+e 0|，|e 2-e 0|～|e 2+e 0|，…|e n-e 0|～|e n+e 0|；
    S3、根据加工需求，计算螺旋铣孔单元所需调节偏心量值e；
    S4、根据步骤S3中得到所需调节偏心量值e，选择偏心量调节范围e a～e b内包含e的偏心主轴；
    S5、将步骤S4所选择偏心主轴安装在螺旋铣孔单元上，旋转偏心主轴，调节偏心量为e；
    S6、偏心调节完成；
    S7、若需继续调整偏心量，进行步骤S3～步骤S5。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的偏心调节方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤S1中外套筒的偏心量e 0和偏心主轴的偏心量e n的确定范围具有如下步骤：
    S11、基于偏心主轴的刻度环上刻度盘尺寸刻度线所能达到的最高分辨率，确定一个偏心主轴的刻度环最大量程内的对应偏心量调节范围值e m，确定外套筒的偏心量e 0应满足e 0≤e m/2；
    S12、根据待加工刀具种类直径范围及待加工孔径大小范围等加工需求，确定螺旋铣孔单元偏心量调节范围e x～e y；
    S13、确定配备的偏心主轴的最小数量n＝(|e x-e y|)/2e 0(n向上取整)；
    S14、根据步骤S12中确定的偏心量调节范围e x～e y，及步骤S13中计算得到的偏心主轴数量n，确定n个偏心主轴所对应的调节偏心量范围e a～e b应满足e a～e b∈e x～e y，
    即[|e 1-e 0|,|e 1+e 0|]∪[|e 2-e 0|,|e 2+e 0|]∪…∪[|e n-e 0|,|e n+e 0|]∈[e x,e y]；
    S15、根据步骤S11中确定外套筒的偏心量e 0及步骤S14中确定n个偏心主轴所对应的调节偏心量范e a～e b，即|e 1-e 0|～|e 1+e 0|，|e 2-e 0|～|e 2+e 0|，…|e n-e 0|～|e n+e 0|，确定n个偏心主轴偏心量为e n(e 1，e 2…e n)。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的偏心调节方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S5中，转动偏心主轴使其与外套筒之间产生相对转动完成偏心量的精调节，通过调节外套筒与偏心主轴之间的相对转角θ，刀具相对外套筒外圆柱面的偏心量改变，进而得到不同的偏心量为
    Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-100001
    e取值范围为|e n-e 0|≤e≤|e n+e 0|。
  17. 一种权利要求3或4所述的便携式螺旋铣孔单元的偏心调节方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：根据所要调节偏心量大小，通过更换不同规格的偏心主轴，改变e n完成偏心量大调整，所述的偏心主轴前端外圆周面刻有偏心量调节刻度环，通过转动偏心主轴使其与外套筒之间产生相对转动，即外套筒和偏心主轴相对位置产生变化，调节刻度环，即调节外套筒与偏心主轴之间的相对转角θ，完成偏心量微调整，刀具相对外套筒外圆柱面的偏心量e改变，进而得到不同的刀具偏心量为
    Figure PCTCN2020085591-appb-100002
    e取值范围为|e n-e 0|≤e≤|e n+e 0|，角度调整完毕后，将偏心主轴和外套筒固定。
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