WO2021203224A1 - 一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机 - Google Patents

一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021203224A1
WO2021203224A1 PCT/CN2020/083424 CN2020083424W WO2021203224A1 WO 2021203224 A1 WO2021203224 A1 WO 2021203224A1 CN 2020083424 W CN2020083424 W CN 2020083424W WO 2021203224 A1 WO2021203224 A1 WO 2021203224A1
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floating body
hydraulic
cylinder
type
branch
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PCT/CN2020/083424
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English (en)
French (fr)
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曲言明
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曲言明
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/083424 priority Critical patent/WO2021203224A1/zh
Priority to GB2300192.8A priority patent/GB2611264B/en
Publication of WO2021203224A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021203224A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/187—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem and the wom directly actuates the piston of a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/20—Purpose of the control system to optimise the performance of a machine
    • F05B2270/202—Tuning to wave conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/342—Wave conditions, e.g. amplitude, frequency or direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a wave generator, which belongs to the field of wave power generation.
  • CN 107255060A and CN103104408A are the prior art closest to the present invention, but have the problem of wave height utilization loss.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a buoyant unidirectional wave generator that can pre-tighten the energy extraction cable compared to the previous technology.
  • a wave generator with buoyancy unidirectional work (one-way work using wave buoyancy), including a wave energy collection and conversion system (WECS for short).
  • WECS wave energy collection and conversion system
  • the wave energy collection and conversion system includes sea surface components, energy collection cables, and underwater relative motion Reference
  • the sea surface component refers to the most basic part of the wave energy collection and conversion system that is close to the water surface and converts the collection and conversion of wave energy into electrical energy (not including the rope control device), including the floating body, components that move relative to the floating body, and the hydraulic system And generators; sea surface components are divided into single floating body spring return type, single floating body pressure difference reset type (A and B) and double buoy gravity force reset type (A and B);
  • the slender flexible tensile force transmitting element (such as rope/chain/O-shaped transmission belt, preferably ultra high High-molecular-weight polyethylene rope), withstands pulse tension, is a key force transmission component for collecting wave energy; in addition, if there is a rope control device, the energy cable is a part of the rope control device, and the relative floating body movement component is controlled by The energy-collecting cable of the rope device is indirectly connected with the relative motion reference object under water.
  • the underwater relative motion reference object refers to a solid that provides a relative motion reference for the floating body, such as a suspension anchor (a gravity anchor suspended in the water) or a gravity anchor on the seabed, or a friction pile inserted on the seabed / Suction anchor.
  • a suspension anchor a gravity anchor suspended in the water
  • a gravity anchor on the seabed or a friction pile inserted on the seabed / Suction anchor.
  • the component that moves relative to the floating body forms a pair of relative moving mechanisms with the floating body.
  • the wave buoyancy force acts upward on the floating body, while the pulling force of the energy cable acts downward on the member to drive the output of the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic system that connects the two.
  • High-pressure hydraulic oil The hydraulic system is divided into closed cycle/open cycle.
  • the closed cycle route is: hydraulic cylinder, quasi-out one-way valve, high-pressure accumulator, hydraulic motor, low-pressure accumulator, access one-way valve; open type
  • the circulation route is: hydraulic cylinder, quasi-out one-way valve, high-pressure accumulator, hydraulic motor, oil tank, access one-way valve: the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity.
  • the specific structure of the sea surface component is: a floating body, the structure can be understood as: a closed shell with a vertical through the center Straight pipe, and then remove the shell part in the straight pipe to form a fully enclosed shell with a through hole at the center;
  • the upper and lower four-roller fairleads in the through hole pass through the four-roller fairlead at a certain distance, and the four side faces of the four-roller fairlead are in close contact with the four rollers of the four-roller fairlead.
  • a four-roller fairlead can also be replaced by two upper and lower sections of guide rails that guide the up and down movement of the inverted L rigid frame; Is connected with the plunger rod handle of the plunger cylinder inclined in the plane where the inverted L rigid frame is located, the rear end of the cylinder body of the plunger cylinder is connected with the top surface of the floating body, and the plunger cylinder can also be connected upside down, That is: the rear end of the plunger cylinder body is connected to the transverse edge of the inverted L rigid frame, and the plunger rod handle is connected to the top surface of the floating body; the plunger cylinder is connected to other components (the floating body/inverted L
  • the connection of rigid frame) is fixed connection/hinge axis/earring mode (if the plunger cylinder is inclined, fixed connection is not applicable, that is, fixed connection, including flange connection/threaded connection); inverted L rigid frame bottom end It is connected to one end of the energy cable, and the other end of the energy cable is connected to the underwater
  • the hydraulic system is a closed cycle, and the cycle route is the plunger cylinder cavity, quasi-out check valve (relative to the plunger cylinder), high-pressure accumulator, hydraulic motor, low-pressure accumulator, and access check valve (relative to the plunger cylinder).
  • the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity; preferably: the hydraulic pipe connected to the oil inlet and outlet (non-drain) of the plunger cylinder is drilled in from the top cover of the floating body, and the drilled place
  • the generator and the hydraulic system except the plunger cylinder are all in the floating body cavity;
  • the lower one of the two fairleads/rails can also be installed at the bottom of an upright cylinder. Specifically: adding a vertical tube, the top of the tube is fixed to the bottom surface of the floating body, the axis of the tube is coincident with the axis of the through hole, the inner diameter of the tube is larger than the through hole, or the inner diameter is smaller than the through hole but its top end A flange is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the floating body through the flange; the lower one of the two fairleads/rails is moved down and installed to the bottom of the straight cylinder, and the upper guide The cable/guide rail is installed in the upper part of the through hole of the floating body, and the above content is scheme VIII.
  • scheme VIII-1 is preferred: an oil filter is connected in series in the closed hydraulic system, and the oil filter is located between the admission check valve and the low-pressure accumulator;
  • scheme VIII-2 is preferred: the generator is a brushless permanent magnet AC or DC generator;
  • the motor is an axial piston motor with end face distribution
  • solution VIII-4 the plunger cylinder is placed on the bottom with the plunger rod facing upward, and a cover is added to the top of the cylinder of the plunger cylinder, and the cover is connected to the plunger cylinder.
  • a sealed cavity is formed between the top surface of the body to collect the oil drained from the tip of the plunger rod.
  • the plunger rod passes through the sealing ring at the top hole of the cavity, and a drain pipe is led out of the sealed cavity, and then to Extend downward, drill into the cavity from the top cover of the floating body, and seal the drilled place, without damaging the full sealing of the floating body, the drain pipe finally enters the one oil tank; preferably: the drain of the hydraulic motor
  • the oil pipe also extends into the oil tank;
  • scheme VIII-4-1 is preferred: an electric charge pump draws hydraulic oil from the oil tank and injects it into the closed-cycle hydraulic system. It is further preferred that the injection position is close to the pipeline of the low-pressure accumulator. It is further preferred that the electric charge pump adopts a cycloidal pump driven by a motor.
  • scheme VIII-4-1 it is preferable to add a single-chip microcomputer module and an attached power supply circuit.
  • the single-chip microcomputer performs data on the electric charge pump according to the data sent by the liquid level sensor of the fuel tank or the hydraulic sensor of the closed-circuit hydraulic system. Start-stop control.
  • the structure of the floating body is: a cylindrical shape with a through hole on the axis, a fully enclosed shell; further preferably, the material of the floating body is steel/high-density polyethylene/polyurethane /Fiberglass/Polyurea.
  • scheme VIII-6 is preferred: the plunger rod jacket protective cover (preferably made of soft rubber), one end of the protective cover is butt-sealed with the plunger rod handle, and the other end is connected to the plunger cylinder Butt seal on the outside of the body;
  • scheme VIII-7 is preferred: the inverted L rigid frame and the straight tube are rigid members;
  • the straight cylinder is in the shape of a round tube, and the fixed connection between the straight cylinder and the floating body is a welding/flange connection.
  • the cable of the rope control device starts from the cavity of the floating body, is drilled upward from the top surface of the floating body, then becomes a spiral shape and extends upward, and finally is drilled into a horizontal steel pipe.
  • the steel pipe is welded to the side of the vertical edge of the inverted L rigid frame and the two cavities are connected.
  • the cable extends horizontally along the steel pipe, enters the vertical square tube of the inverted L rigid frame and then extends downward; if the inverted L rigid frame is connected to the The connection of the top surface of the rope control mechanism is a movable connection, the cable is drilled out from the bottom side of the inverted L rigid frame, and finally enters into the shell of the rope control frame; if the inverted L rigid frame and the rope control mechanism If the casing is fixed, the cable can directly enter the rope control frame casing from the bottom exit of the inverted L rigid frame, but the entrance must be sealed; or the inverted L rigid frame itself is a Inverted L-shaped square steel pipe, the cable enters from the nozzle of the horizontal side, drills out from the nozzle of the bottom end of the vertical side, and then enters the cavity of the rope control mechanism.
  • the various sea surface components in this manual can pre-tighten the energy cable and improve the utilization rate of the wave height by adding a pre-tightening system.
  • pre-tightening systems There are two types of pre-tightening systems, namely the pre-tightening scheme of the external accumulator and the high-pressure side return. Flow-type pre-tightening program.
  • External accumulator preloading scheme I A buoyant one-way wave generator that does work, including a wave energy collection and conversion system, which includes sea surface components, energy extraction cables, and underwater relative motion reference objects,
  • the sea surface component is a single floating body spring return type/single floating body pressure difference reset type/double buoyancy body weight reset type, including a floating body, components that move relative to the floating body, a hydraulic system and a generator;
  • the hydraulic system is divided into closed/open type Circulation, closed circulation route: hydraulic cylinder, quasi-out check valve, high pressure accumulator, hydraulic motor, low-pressure accumulator, access check valve; open circulation route: hydraulic cylinder, quasi-out check valve, high pressure Accumulator, hydraulic motor, oil tank, access check valve; characterized in that: on the hydraulic pipeline at the oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic system (that is, between the hydraulic cylinder and the quasi To the pipeline between the valves) leads to a new hydraulic branch, which passes through an electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve, and finally
  • the solenoid switch valve can also be replaced with a reversing branch, specifically: an electromagnetic two-position four-way valve whose working state is: P>>A, B>>T or P>>B, A>>T, Add a branch with a third one-way valve to connect ports B and A to form a branch B>>third one-way valve>>A branch.
  • the P and T ports of the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve are replaced with all ports.
  • the single-chip microcomputer/PLC receives a signal from a second sensor that monitors the working state/wave surface state of the sea surface component, and controls the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve;
  • the electromagnetic on-off valve is a direct-acting type/stepwise direct-acting type/pilot-operated type
  • the third accumulator/high-pressure accumulator/low-pressure accumulator is a bladder type/piston type/diaphragm type/spring type.
  • the underwater relative motion reference object is a hanging anchor, or a gravity anchor/friction pile/suction anchor on the seabed.
  • High-pressure side reflux type pre-tensioning scheme II a buoyant unidirectional wave generator that includes a wave energy collection and conversion system that includes sea surface components, energy collection cables, and underwater relative motion reference objects
  • the sea surface component is a single floating body spring return type/single floating body pressure difference reset type/double buoyant body weight reset type, including a floating body, a component that moves relative to the floating body, a hydraulic system and a generator, and the hydraulic system is divided into closed loop/open Type cycle, closed cycle route: hydraulic cylinder, quasi-out one-way valve, high-pressure accumulator, hydraulic motor, low-pressure accumulator, access one-way valve; open-type cycle route: hydraulic cylinder, quasi-out one-way Valves, high-pressure accumulators, hydraulic motors, oil tanks, access check valves; characterized in that: beside the quasi-out check valve of the hydraulic system, a hydraulic branch is connected in parallel, and an electromagnetic circuit is provided on the branch.
  • the single-chip microcomputer/PLC receives the signal from the second sensor that monitors the working state of the sea surface component/the state of the wave surface it is in, and controls the on-off action of the electromagnetic on-off valve/electric on-off valve.
  • the solenoid switch valve can also be replaced with a reversing branch, specifically: a solenoid two-position four-way valve, its working state is: P>>A, B>>T or P>>B, A>>T, add one
  • the branch circuit containing the third one-way valve connects the ports B and A to form a branch B>>the third one-way valve>>A branch.
  • the single-chip microcomputer/PLC receives the signal from the second sensor that monitors the working state/wave surface state of the sea surface component, and controls the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve; using the electromagnetic on-off valve
  • the /electric switch valve/reversing branch is the demarcation point, the section near the hydraulic cylinder of the parallel branch is defined as the first half, and the section near the high-pressure accumulator is defined as the second half.
  • the electromagnetic on-off valve is a direct-acting type/stepwise direct-acting type/pilot-operated type.
  • the underwater relative motion reference object is a hanging anchor, or a gravity anchor/friction pile/suction anchor on the seabed.
  • the high-pressure accumulator/low-pressure accumulator is a bladder type/piston type/diaphragm type/spring type.
  • Preferred scheme III Insert in the new hydraulic branch before or after the solenoid switch valve/electric switch valve/reversing branch (the so-called "insertion” refers to The serial connection forms a series relationship with other hydraulic components on the hydraulic pipeline) a swing cylinder/pump & motor (both as a positive displacement pump and a positive displacement motor), the shaft and fly of the swing cylinder/pump & motor Wheel shaft connection (the so-called shaft connection means that the main shafts of the two are coaxial), or the shaft of the swing cylinder/pump & motor is linked with the flywheel through a belt/gear/chain transmission mechanism;
  • the preferred scheme III-1 add a rotation speed sensor, and the single-chip/PLC controls the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve to close according to the speed of the flywheel monitored by the rotation speed sensor; or A hydraulic oil flow direction sensor/flow sensor/hydraulic sensor is installed on the new hydraulic branch.
  • the single-chip/PLC monitors the flow direction/change of the hydraulic oil according to the flow direction/flow sensor, or according to the change of the hydraulic pressure monitored by the hydraulic sensor , Perform closing control on the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve;
  • the swing cylinder is a vane type/rack and pinion type/screw type/lever type
  • scheme III-3 is preferred: the belt/gear/chain transmission mechanism increases the speed of the flywheel.
  • the pumps & motors are axial piston pumps with end face distribution or radial piston motors with axial distribution.
  • the preferred solution IV insert a swing cylinder/pump & motor in the first half or the second half of the parallel branch, and the shaft of the swing cylinder/pump & motor is connected to the Flywheel shaft connection, or the shaft of the swing cylinder/pump & motor is linked with the flywheel through a belt/gear/chain transmission mechanism;
  • the swing cylinder is a vane type/rack and pinion type/screw type/lever type
  • scheme IV-2 there is a preferable scheme IV-2: the belt/gear/chain transmission mechanism increases the speed of the flywheel;
  • solution IV-3 the insertion position of the swing cylinder/pump & motor is located in the first half of the parallel branch, and the solenoid switch valve/electric switch valve/reversing branch and the swing On the hydraulic pipeline between the cylinder/pump & motor, a freewheeling branch is led out, and the freewheeling branch is connected to the low-pressure accumulator/tank of the hydraulic system through a check valve.
  • the hydraulic system If it is a closed cycle, it is a low-pressure accumulator, if it is an open cycle, it is a fuel tank; the conduction direction of the check valve is from the low-pressure accumulator/fuel tank to the solenoid switch valve/electric switch valve / Between the reversing branch and the swing cylinder/pump &motor;
  • a return spring is installed on the swing cylinder, and the return force of the return spring makes the hydraulic oil flow on the swing cylinder from one end close to the hydraulic cylinder to the other end.
  • the pump & motor are axial piston pumps with end face distribution or radial piston motors with shaft distribution;
  • solution V is preferred: insert another booster cylinder on the new hydraulic branch;
  • the preferred scheme V-1 insert a swing cylinder/pump & motor on the new hydraulic branch, the shaft of the swing cylinder/pump & motor is connected to the flywheel shaft, or the swing cylinder/pump &The shaft of the motor is linked with the flywheel through a belt/gear/chain transmission mechanism.
  • scheme VI is preferred: insert another booster cylinder on the parallel branch;
  • a preferred solution VI-1 the effective working area on the side near the hydraulic cylinder of the booster cylinder is larger than the side near the high-pressure accumulator;
  • a preferred solution VI-2 insert a swing cylinder/pump & motor on the parallel branch, the shaft of the swing cylinder/pump & motor is connected to the flywheel shaft, or the swing cylinder/ The shaft of the pump & motor is linked with the flywheel through a belt/gear/chain transmission mechanism.
  • a speed sensor to monitor the flywheel, or insert a flow/flow sensor in the parallel branch, or insert between the hydraulic cylinder and the swing cylinder/pump & motor A hydraulic sensor.
  • the single-chip microcomputer/PLC controls the electromagnetic switch valve/electric switch valve/reversing branch to close according to the speed/flow direction/flow/hydraulic sensor.
  • the second sensor has the following types:
  • Ranging sensor installed on the floating body to monitor the change in the distance between the component (not limited to the components that move relative to the floating body) and the top surface of the floating body linked with the energy cable; preferably: the sensor is installed on the top surface of the floating body, The component to be monitored is above the top surface of the floating body; preferably: the distance measuring sensor is a laser type/ultrasonic type/infrared type;
  • Linear displacement sensor includes two relatively linearly movable parts, one part is connected to the floating body, and the other part is connected to the member linked with the energy cable; preferably: the one part is connected to the top surface of the floating body, The member connected to the other component is above the top surface of the floating body; preferably: the linear displacement sensor is a rope/rod type;
  • Linear speed sensor includes two relatively linearly movable parts, one part is connected to the floating body, and the other part is connected to the member linked with the energy cable; preferably: the first part is connected to the floating body On the top surface, the member connected by the second component is above the top surface of the floating body;
  • Acceleration sensor installed on the floating body to measure the motion acceleration of the floating body
  • Draft sensor a water pressure sensor installed on the bottom surface of the floating body to monitor the draft of the floating body
  • Tension sensor serial connection (the tension sensor replaces a certain section of the energy extraction cable, or forms a series relationship with the energy extraction cable) to the energy extraction cable to monitor the tension of the energy extraction cable;
  • Hydraulic sensor installed on the hydraulic pipeline at the oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder to monitor the hydraulic pressure at the oil inlet and outlet;
  • Flow sensor installed on the hydraulic pipeline at the oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder to monitor the flow at the oil inlet and outlet;
  • scheme VII-1 is preferred: the single-chip microcomputer/PLC receives additional wave condition data/manually set parameters/instructions from the outside through a wireless communication module.
  • the anchor is the gravity anchor suspended in the water, see patent application CN107255060A, here is a brief introduction to the anchor scheme, as follows:
  • Pulley anchor The two ends of a rope are respectively tied to two buoys on the sea moored at a certain distance. The middle of this rope passes around a gravity anchor pulley near the WECS relative underwater reference object. , The bottom end of the pulley frame of the pulley is connected to the top surface of the gravity anchor, the cable suspends the gravity anchor in the water, and the energy harvesting cable that was originally to be connected to the gravity anchor from above is instead connected to the pulley At the top of the frame, the WECS floating body is in the middle of the two buoys.
  • Double ropeway anchors WECS's underwater relative movement reference object, namely, the gravity anchor is a flat rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the four vertices of the top surface of the gravity anchor are respectively equipped with a pulley, so that there are two pulleys on the two opposite sides of the top surface of the gravity anchor.
  • the two ropeways are combined into one strand on the left side of the gravity anchor and go around a pulley.
  • the pulley frame and the left side of the pulley are used for suspending gravity.
  • the cable connection of the anchor is also the same on the right side, symmetrical. Pulleys on both sides equally divide the pulling force of the buoy on the cable into the two ropeways.
  • the two ropeways provide upward pulling force to the pulleys that pass through and are installed at the apex of the gravity anchor, thereby suspending the gravity anchor in the water.
  • Side winding anchor The relative motion reference object of WECS underwater, that is, the gravity anchor is a flat rectangular parallelepiped.
  • a fairlead is installed on the front and back sides of the gravity anchor, and two vertical edges on the right side of the gravity anchor
  • Two guide pulleys are installed on the top, the rope passes through the rear fairlead, the guide pulley on the right rear edge, the guide pulley on the right front edge, and the front fairlead, two fairleads, two guide pulleys, and the top surface of the gravity anchor. The distance is equal.
  • the suspension cable is equivalent to bypassing one side of the gravity anchor, and the force application point is on the fairleads on both sides. Obviously, with the help of fairleads and guide pulleys, the gravity anchor can slide along the cable.
  • Stretcher anchors Two rigid straight rods that are parallel and aligned with their ends respectively pass through the WECS's underwater relative motion reference object (ie gravity anchor). The left end is fixed to a steel frame, and the right ends of the two rigid straight rods are fixed to the other steel frame.
  • the suspension cables on both sides are connected to the steel frames on both sides by a V-shaped rope, that is, the two vertices of the V-shaped rope are connected to the steel frame. At both ends of the frame, the bottom end of the V-shaped rope is connected to the suspension rope.
  • the suspension cables on both sides provide upward pulling force to the two rigid straight rods, and the rigid straight rods give upward lifting force to the gravity anchor. Similar to a stretcher, the gravity anchor can slide left and right with the rigid straight rod as a guide rail.
  • the other ends of the suspension cables on both sides of the gravity anchor are respectively connected to two buoys moored at a certain distance on the water surface, and the floating body of the wave generator is at In the middle of the two buoys.
  • the floating body is connected to the two buoys on the left and right sides of the floating body with ropes. It is further preferred that a weight is attached to the middle of the rope, or a tension spring is connected in series in the middle of the rope to provide cushioning.
  • the wet weight of the gravity anchor (that is, the net weight in the water, that is, the weight of the gravity minus the buoyancy) is preferably greater than the upward pulling force of the WECS when doing work; the maximum buoyancy provided by the two buoys is preferably greater than the wet weight of the gravity anchor. Heavy, it is best to have enough redundant reserve buoyancy.
  • suspension anchor solution IX a preferred solution IX-1: the bottom of the suspended gravity anchor is fixed to a horizontally placed damping plate, and the gravity anchor position is above the center of the damping plate;
  • the preferred scheme IX-2 The middle section of the cable for suspending the gravity anchor is replaced by a tension spring. It is further preferred that if the hanging anchor is a direct-connected hanging anchor/stretcher hanging anchor, the suspension cables on both sides are connected in series with tension springs (preferably the two elastic coefficients are the same).
  • the buoy for suspending the gravity anchor has a slender capsule shape with an upright axis, and the suspension cable is connected to the center of the bottom end of the capsule-shaped buoy.
  • a power transmission scheme X based on a water surface floating body queue there is a row of floating bodies on the sea surface, the first and last floating bodies of the queue are moored, and the adjacent floating bodies are connected by ropes in the queue, that is, It is said that the entire column of floating bodies is connected in series by a number of ropes; in the queue, some floating bodies are the floating bodies of wave generators. After the electric circuit drawn by the wave generators drills out the floating bodies, they are attached to the ropes and connected. Extend along it.
  • a part of the circuit is a piece of cable, which is loosely tied to the rope by a plurality of spaced apart strings, or the cable is spirally wound around all the cables.
  • the rope or the cable is a spiral cable sheathed on the rope.
  • the circuit passes through a rotary/universal joint/spherical joint circuit connector where the floating body is drilled; specifically: as a part of the circuit, The single-core cable from one of the electrodes of the generator is connected to a terminal (end A) of a rotary/universal joint/spherical joint circuit connector, and the terminal is fixed on the floating body shell (if If the floating body shell is conductive, the A terminal should be insulated from the floating body shell. For example, the A terminal can be separated from the floating body shell with an insulating gasket.
  • the bolt nut and the A terminal can be separated with an insulating gasket), and the circuit
  • the other terminal (end B) of the connector is outside the floating body and is connected to one end of a single-core cable extending along the rope (that is, the other part of the circuit).
  • a hemispherical flexible insulating cover is used to seal the circuit connector and its connection with the cable on the floating body shell to avoid contact with seawater, and the cable connected to the B terminal is connected to the hole on the flexible insulating cover Drill in, the hole should be sealed.
  • the rope is outside the hemispherical flexible insulating cover and connected to one end of the insulating connecting rod, and the other end of the insulating connecting rod is drilled into the hole on the insulating cover and connected to the B end Connect, the hole should be sealed.
  • the rope is provided with a weight in the middle, and the circuit extends through the rotating/universal joint/spherical joint circuit connector there, and there are two design schemes :
  • a certain point in the middle of the rope between the floating bodies is used as a tie point, and the weight is connected by a short rope/chain/link; a terminal of the circuit connector is fixed to the tie by a fixing frame Point to the rope on the left side, and connect a section of the single-core cable (part of the circuit) on the left side, and the other terminal is fixed to the rope on the right side of the tie point through another fixing frame , And connect the single-core cable on the right side (a part of the circuit); make a straight line through the tie point and perpendicular to the plane where the ropes on both sides of the tie point are located, and the straight line should be connected to the rotary circuit
  • the common axis of the connector coincides, or coincides with the center of the universal/spherical hinge circuit connector.
  • the circuit connector and the connection with the cable are completely wrapped and sealed with a flexible insulating sleeve to prevent leakage from electricity
  • the fixing frame is insulated
  • the fixing frame and the cable are The hole on the flexible insulating sleeve is drilled, and the hole needs to be sealed.
  • the circuit connector can be a rotating type, and its common shaft is connected to the weight; or the circuit connector is a cross universal joint type, with a cross One of the end points (choose one from four) is connected to the weight; or the circuit connector is a ball and universal joint, and the outer surface of the bell cover of the universal joint is connected to the weight; or the circuit is connected
  • the device is of a spherical hinge type, and the weight is connected to the outer surface of the ball seat of the spherical hinge.
  • a flexible insulating sleeve (such as a rubber sleeve) is used to seal the circuit connector and its connection with the cable to isolate seawater and prevent leakage; the rope is connected to the cable by an insulating connecting rod.
  • connection terminal is specifically: the rope is outside the flexible insulating sleeve and connected to one end of the insulating connecting rod, and the other end of the insulating connecting rod is drilled into the flexible insulating sleeve through the hole and connected to On the terminal, the hole must be sealed; the weight may be located in the flexible insulating sleeve, which is connected to the common shaft/end of the cross/outer surface of the bell through a short rope/chain/link
  • the outer surface of the ball seat is connected, or directly connected; the weight can also be located outside the flexible insulating sleeve, and the weight is connected to one end of an insulating connecting rod, and the other end of the insulating connecting rod is connected from the flexible insulating sleeve. Drill into the hole and connect it with the common shaft/cross end/bell-shaped cover outer surface/ball seat outer surface, and the hole should be sealed and waterproof.
  • the rotary circuit connector mentioned in this manual (its plug and socket can rotate around a common axis and keep the circuit connected) is available on the market, and the universal joint (including cross universal and ball cage)/ball
  • the hinge circuit connector has the same structure as the universal joint/ball hinge in the mechanical field, except that the material must be a conductor, and current can flow from one end to the other.
  • one of the floating bodies is not a floating body of a wave generator, and is named buoy here, and there are three ways for the circuit to pass through the buoy:
  • a rotary/universal/ball joint circuit connector is installed on the left and right sides of the buoy; the installation method of the circuit connectors on the left and right sides is the same, and the one on one side is used for explanation, specifically: the circuit One terminal (end A) of the connector is fixed on the buoy shell (if the buoy shell is conductive, the A end should be insulated from the buoy shell, for example, an insulating gasket can separate the A end and the buoy shell, and fix A with bolts.
  • the bolt nut and end A are separated by an insulating washer, and the other terminal (end B) of the circuit connector is outside the buoy, and is connected to the single-core cable extending along the rope ( That is, one end of a part of the circuit); in addition, a single-core cable is added to connect the A ends of the two circuit connectors.
  • a hemispherical flexible insulating cover is used to seal the circuit connector and its connection with the single-core cable on the buoy shell to avoid contact with seawater, and the cable connecting the B end is removed from the flexible insulating cover
  • the hole should be drilled into the hole, and the hole should be sealed; it is further preferred that the rope is connected to the buoy through an insulating connecting rod, specifically: the rope is outside the hemispherical flexible insulating cover and is connected to the buoy One end of the insulating connecting rod, the other end of the insulating connecting rod is drilled into the hole on the insulating cover and connected with the end B of the circuit connector, and the hole should be sealed.
  • the circuit extension passes through the rotating/universal joint/spherical joint circuit connector at the buoy, specifically: the rope tips on the left and right sides of the floating body are connected together, and the connection point is named A tie point, the bottom of the buoy is connected to the tie point; a terminal of the circuit connector is fixed to the rope on the left side of the tie point by a fixing frame, and is connected to a section of single-core cable on the left side ( Part of the circuit), the other terminal of which is fixed to the rope on the right side of the tie point through another fixing frame, and is connected to a single-core cable (part of the circuit) on the right side;
  • the tie point is perpendicular to the plane on which the ropes on both sides of the tie point are located.
  • the straight line should coincide with the common axis of the rotary circuit connector, or coincide with the center of the universal/spherical hinge circuit connector.
  • the circuit connector and the connection between the circuit connector and the cable are completely wrapped and sealed with a flexible insulating sleeve to prevent water leakage and current leakage.
  • the fixing frame is insulated, and the fixing frame and the cable The hole drilled from the flexible insulating sleeve needs to be sealed.
  • the circuit connector can be a rotary type, and its common shaft is connected to the buoy; or the circuit connector is a cross universal joint type, and one of the ends of the cross is connected to the buoy; Or the circuit connector is a ball cage universal joint, and the outer surface of the bell-shaped cover of the universal joint is connected with the buoy; or the circuit connector is a spherical hinge type, and the outer surface of the ball seat of the spherical joint Connected with the buoy.
  • a flexible insulating sleeve (such as a rubber sleeve) is used to seal the circuit connector and its connection with the cable to isolate the seawater and prevent leakage.
  • the rope is connected to the terminal through an insulating connecting rod.
  • the rope end point is outside the flexible insulating sleeve and is connected to one end of the insulating connecting rod.
  • the other end of the insulating connecting rod extends from the flexible insulating sleeve.
  • the hole is drilled into it and connected to the terminal, and the hole should be sealed;
  • the buoy can be located in the flexible insulating sleeve, which is connected to the common shaft/ through a short rope/chain/link
  • the end of the cross/outer surface of the bell-shaped cover/outer surface of the ball seat is connected, or directly connected;
  • the buoy can also be located outside the flexible insulating sleeve and connected to one end of an insulating connecting rod, and the other end of the insulating connecting rod is connected from the
  • the flexible insulating sleeve is drilled into the hole and connected with the common shaft/cross end/bell-shaped cover outer surface/ball seat outer surface, and the hole needs to be sealed and waterproofed.
  • the floating bodies are arranged in a circular (such as clock scale) queue; in order to maintain the circular shape, part of the floating bodies are moored by anchors, and there are multiple ( ⁇ 3) in the queue
  • the floating body of the wave generator, the generators of the wave generators are all direct current generators, or alternating current generators whose output is rectified, and the positive and negative output circuits of the generators float from floating in two opposite directions, respectively.
  • the drill is drawn out from the body and continues to extend along the rope in respective directions.
  • the generators of the wave generators are connected in series through the circuit in the sequence of the queue, but the generators of the first and last wave generators are connected in series. Without direct connection, a total power supply is formed, and the output voltage is equal to the sum of the voltages of the generators.
  • the circuit can adopt a single-core cable, the energy collection is simple, the voltage is automatically boosted, and the cost is low.
  • X-5 it is preferable that a weight is installed in the middle of the rope between the floating bodies, and the circuit adopts X-3 when passing through the weight in the middle of the rope.
  • the solution X-1 is adopted, the circuit goes from the generator to the buoy body by the solution X-2, and when the circuit passes the buoy, the solution X-4 is adopted.
  • Scheme X, X-1, X-2, X-3, X-4, X-5 can be used in combination as needed.
  • Scheme X and its subordinate schemes (X-1, X-2, etc.) are applicable to this manual.
  • the inverted L-shaped WECS wave energy collection and conversion assembly of the present invention has simple structure, easy disassembly and assembly, and convenient maintenance.
  • the inverted L rigid frame and the top of the rope control mechanism adopt a flexible/universal joint connection method, which can reduce energy collection cables. Of wear.
  • the external accumulator type pre-tensioning scheme and the high-pressure side recirculation type pre-tensioning scheme of the present invention enable active pre-tensioning of the energy extraction cable when the wave is trough, thereby increasing the draft of the floating body, which is beneficial to improving the wave height utilization rate.
  • the floating body can also use the residual net buoyancy to do work when the floating body is at the wave peak, and further improve the efficiency of wave energy utilization.
  • the cable is loosely tied to the rope through a plurality of spaced apart thin ropes, or spirally wound on the rope, or the spiral cable is adopted, which protects the cable from adapting to the rope.
  • the rope can provide supporting force to prevent the cable from being broken.
  • the rotating/universal/spherical joint circuit connector passing through the cable extension avoids the breakage caused by the frequent bending of the cable; and the circular array series scheme of the wave generator allows the electric energy of multiple generators to be single
  • the core cable collection eliminates the need for a booster station, and the cost is low.
  • FIG. 1 Single floating body spring return type WECS structure diagram
  • Figure 2 Single floating body pressure difference reset type A WECS structure diagram
  • FIG. 3 Single floating body pressure difference reset B-type WECS structure diagram (including high-pressure side reflux basic preload system)
  • Figure 3A Schematic diagram of the reversing branch
  • Figure 3B The control sequence table after the solenoid switch valve in Figure 3 is replaced with the reversing branch
  • FIG 4 Single floating body pressure difference reset B-type WECS structure diagram (including square tube)
  • FIG. 5 Double-buoy gravity reset A-type WECS structure diagram
  • Figure 6 Double-buoy gravity reset B-type WECS structure
  • FIG. 7 Schematic diagram of the basic pre-tightening scheme of the externally increased accumulator applied to the single floating body pressure difference B-type WECS (inverted L-type)
  • Figure 7A High-pressure side reflux type pre-tightening scheme (booster cylinder + solenoid switch valve)
  • Figure 7B Control timing chart of Figure 7A
  • Figure 7C High-pressure side reflux type pre-tightening scheme (booster cylinder + swing cylinder + solenoid switch valve)
  • Figure 7D The control timing table of Figure 7C
  • Figure 8 Functional relationship diagram of various components of the electrical part of the pre-tensioning system
  • Figure 9 Circuit diagram of the electrical part of the pre-tensioning system
  • Figure 10 Single-chip microcomputer flow chart of the basic preloading system of the externally increased accumulator
  • FIG 11A Single-chip microcomputer flow chart of the high-pressure side reflux basic preload system (basic type)
  • Figure 11B Single chip microcomputer flow chart of high-pressure side reflux type preloading system (including swing cylinder + flywheel + freewheeling branch)
  • Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the application effect of the pre-tensioning system
  • Figure 13 Externally increased accumulator type pre-tightening scheme (rack and pinion swing cylinder + speed sensor)
  • FIG 14 High-pressure side reflux type preloading system (belt drive + freewheeling branch)
  • Figure 15 External accumulator type pre-tensioning system (open cycle)
  • Figure 16 High-pressure side reflux type pre-tensioning system (freewheeling branch)
  • Figure 17 Schematic diagram of a row of multi-wave generators using hanging anchors (with damping plates or tension springs added)
  • Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the series connection of the hanging anchor system and the generator (spiral cable between floating bodies + rotating/spherical hinge circuit connector)
  • FIG. 19 Installation diagram of the cross universal joint circuit connector on the floating body shell
  • Figure 20 Schematic diagram of the circuit at the weight block through the spherical hinge circuit connector structure
  • Figure 20A Schematic diagram of the structure of the circuit at the heavy block through the rotary circuit connector
  • Figure 20B Summary of electric energy realized by wave generator ring queue
  • Figure 21 External accumulator type preloading system (reversing branch)
  • Figure 21A Control timing chart of Figure 3
  • Figure 22 External accumulator type preloading system (reversing branch + booster cylinder)
  • Figure 22A Control timing chart of Figure 22
  • Figure 23 High-pressure side reflux type preload system (reversing branch + pump & motor)
  • Figure 23A Control timing chart of Figure 23
  • Figure 24 Externally increased accumulator type preload system (reversing branch + swing cylinder)
  • Figure 24A Control timing chart of Figure 24
  • Figure 25 High-pressure side recirculation type preloading system (booster cylinder + reversing branch)
  • Figure 25A Control timing chart of Figure 25
  • Figure 26 High-pressure side recirculation type preloading system (booster cylinder + pump & motor + Reversing branch)
  • Fig. 26A Fig.
  • Control timing chart 1- Floating body-steel/fiberglass/high-density polyethylene/polyurea shell; 2-hydraulic cylinder-piston cylinder or plunger cylinder; 3-piston rod or plunger Rod; 4-high-pressure accumulator; 5-oil filter; 6-hydraulic motor; 7-generator; 8-low-pressure accumulator; 10-protection cover: bellows-shaped telescopic rubber tube; 11-guide Cable guide: four-roller type fairlead, a pair of rollers with parallel axes and aligned ends, but with a gap, form a group. The two groups of axes are vertically stacked but mounted on a bracket without contact.
  • the rollers can be free Rotation, the guided object passes through the gap of each set of rollers; because the rollers are cylindrical, they can also guide the movement of square steel or square tubes; 12-cable: a single core covered with insulation, such as flexible wire RV or hard wire BV; 13- the shell of the rope control mechanism: also a part of the frame of the rope control mechanism; 17-gravity anchor; 18-counterweight: the specific gravity is greater than water, and its gravity is used as the rope-retracting power; 19-inverted L rigid frame: ⁇ -shaped Rigid body, the horizontal side is a tube/rod, the vertical side is a slender cuboid or a square tube, the material can be carbon steel/stainless steel/aluminum alloy, such as Q235; 20-double roller fairlead; 21-main rope cable; 22 -Chain; 24-rope; 27-piston; 30-energy cable; 33-tension spring; 35-hydraulic tube; 44-rope; 46-grip anchor; 47-
  • 83- ⁇ bracket steel ⁇ shape, or the same three-legged frame as OPT's Powerbuoy, that is, each end of the flat Y-shaped beam extends downward to form a 3-leg structure bracket;
  • 84-flex Sex/universal connection It can be a chain/rope, or a double lock ring (a pair of rings that are nested together, and the two rings are fixed to the two members to be connected), or a cross universal joint, or a ball joint, etc.
  • Mode a connection mode that allows the two parts connected to each other to have a certain angle change.
  • the wave generator of the present invention that uses wave buoyancy to do work in one direction uses wave buoyancy to generate power when the wave rises, and resets when the wave falls.
  • the core is the wave energy collection and conversion system, that is, the Wave Energy Convert System, referred to as WECS.
  • WECS Wave Energy Convert System
  • rope control device which includes sea surface components, energy harvesting cables, and underwater relative motion reference objects (such as gravity anchors/hanging anchors/vacuum suction anchors/piles).
  • the sea surface components refer to the wave generator close to the sea surface That part is the part that converts relative motion into electrical energy, including the floating body, components that move relative to the floating body, hydraulic systems, and generators.
  • the components that move relative to the floating body use energy cables and the underwater relative motion reference object Connection, or through the energy cable of the rope control device.
  • Section IIA The above-mentioned wave energy collection and conversion system is different according to the resetting form of the hydraulic cylinder, including single-buoy spring return type, single-buoy pressure difference reset type and double-buoy gravity force reset type.
  • WECS single-float pressure difference reset type
  • a type with piston cylinder when the hydraulic cylinder is under tension
  • B type with a plunger cylinder when the hydraulic cylinder is under pressure
  • the single-floating spring return type sea surface assembly of WECS in Figure 1 refers to Figure 6 of CN 103104408A.
  • the structure is: a single-acting piston cylinder 2 is installed at the bottom of the cavity of the floating body 1, and its piston rod extends downward to the floating body
  • a rope 24 is connected to the piston rod 3 handle of the single-acting piston cylinder at one end, and the other end extends downwards through the fairlead 11 installed below the floating body 1, and then connects to the rope control mechanism 79 (this manual, only the control is discussed for the time being)
  • the rope mechanism is the top end of the energy-collecting cable 30 on the top of the frame, and the bottom end of the energy-collecting cable 30 of the rope control mechanism 79 is connected to a gravity anchor.
  • the hydraulic cycle is: a single-acting piston cylinder has a rod cavity, a quasi-out one-way valve, a high-pressure accumulator, a hydraulic motor, an oil tank, and an access one-way valve.
  • the hydraulic motor drives a generator to generate electricity.
  • a reset tension spring 33 is installed on the single-acting piston cylinder 2.
  • the single floating body pressure difference reset type A WECS of Figure 2 refers to Figure 12 of CN107255060A.
  • the structure of the floating body 1 in this figure can be: a closed shell with a vertical pipe passing through the center, and the shell part in the straight pipe is removed.
  • a fully enclosed shell with a through hole in the center can also be regarded as a rectangular thin-walled hollow shell structure that rotates around an axis (referred to as a square section swimming ring structure in this manual), and the axis is parallel to one side of the rectangle and There is a certain distance from the rectangle; the bottom of the floating body 1 is fixed to the top of a vertical tube 63, and the axis of the through hole of the equipment compartment coincides with the axis of the vertical tube 63, and is installed at the bottom of the vertical tube 63 There is a fairlead 11, three feet (only two are drawn) of a tripod 68 are fixed on the top surface of the floating body, the top of the tripod 68 is directly above the through hole, and the top of the tripod is connected by a chain 22 The top end of the cylinder body of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2.
  • the rope 24 (which can also be replaced by a chain) connected to the piston rod handle of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2 successively passes through the center hole of the floating body, the fairlead 11, and is finally connected to The top surface of the housing 79 of the rope control device frame; the generator and the hydraulic system except for the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2 are all in the cavity of the floating body 1 (the content in the dashed rounded rectangular box in this manual is marked with an arrow. out);
  • the hydraulic system is a closed cycle.
  • the cycle route is a single-acting piston cylinder with rod cavity, quasi-out check valve, high-pressure accumulator, hydraulic motor, low-pressure accumulator, access check valve, hydraulic motor drives generator to generate electricity.
  • Figure 3 is a single floating body pressure difference reset B type WECS referenced from CN107255060A, including plunger cylinder 138, floating body 1, fairlead 11, specifically: floating body 1 is a square section swimming ring structure; plunger cylinder 138 cylinder body When the lower plunger rod 3 is upright, the end of the plunger cylinder 138 is fixed near the top hole of the floating body 1, and the top end of the plunger rod 3 of the plunger cylinder 138 is connected to the center of the top edge of a rectangular steel frame 111. The plunger cylinder 138 and its plunger rod 3 are always surrounded by the four sides of the rectangular steel frame 111.
  • the two upright frame and bottom frame of the rectangular steel frame 111 always keep out of contact with the top surface and the central hole wall of the floating body 1.
  • the bottom of the rectangular steel frame 111 The center of the side is connected to the top end of a rope 24.
  • the other end of the rope 24 passes through the vertical center hole of the floating body 1 and after the cable guide 11 installed below the center hole of the floating body, extends downward to connect the control rope Agency 79.
  • the hydraulic system is a closed cycle.
  • the circulation route is a single-acting plunger cylinder cavity, a quasi-out one-way valve, a high-pressure accumulator, a hydraulic motor, a low-pressure accumulator, an access one-way valve, and the hydraulic motor drives a generator to generate electricity. See CN107255060A for the principle.
  • the hydraulic pipe 35 connected to the oil inlet and outlet at the bottom end of the plunger cylinder 138 is drilled in from the top cover of the floating body 1.
  • the bottom end of the plunger cylinder 138 can also be connected to the vicinity of the top hole of the floating body 1 through a lug/hinge/earring, but if the plunger cylinder 138 is not restricted in a certain direction, it can be
  • the vertical frame of the tilting or rectangular steel frame 111 can move in a certain horizontal direction without restriction, then on the vertical frame, two opposite sides perpendicular to the direction of the unconstrained degree of freedom should be provided with guide roller sets.
  • the bracket of the roller set is installed on the top surface of the floating body 1.
  • the guide roller set is a pair of the same two cylindrical rollers with parallel axes and aligned ends at a certain distance. On opposite sides of the frame, the vertical frame is clamped between two cylindrical rollers.
  • the guide roller set restricts the horizontal swing of the rectangular steel frame 111 in the direction of the degree of freedom, so that the axial sections of the rectangular steel frame 111 and the plunger cylinder 138 are always coincident, and the plunger cylinder 138 is prevented from falling.
  • the rectangular steel frame in Figure 4 The two vertical frames (ie, the square steel 113) are simultaneously guided by the guide roller set 82 in the vertical and horizontal directions.
  • the rope 24 + fairlead 11 in the aforementioned figures 1, 2 and 3 can be replaced with a square tube + double fairlead, specifically: in Figure 1, the square tube + double fairlead can be substituted for it
  • the top surface of the mechanism 79 is connected; in each of the above alternative examples, the four rollers of the fairlead 11 are in close contact with the four sides of the square tube 108, and the fairlead acts as a guide rail to guide the square steel to move up and down.
  • Section III Another type of rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder WECS is a double-buoy gravity reset type WECS, which is divided into A type and B type.
  • the structure of A type (see Figure 5) is: a hollow column 81 (cylindrical), placed vertically , The top opening and the bottom end are closed, a ring-shaped floating body 80 is sleeved on the column 81, and there is a certain gap between the inner wall of the ring-shaped floating body 80 and the side of the column 81.
  • the vertical center line of the ⁇ support 83/the three-legged frame coincides with the axis of the column 81
  • the piston rod handle of an upright single-acting piston cylinder 2 and the center of the bottom surface of the cross beam of the ⁇ support 83 (or three-legged frame) are flexible/
  • the universal connection 84, the end of the cylinder body of the single-acting piston cylinder 2 and the inner bottom surface of the column 81 can be connected by a flexible/universal connection, and also connected by a chain 22+pad 89 (actually a kind of flexible connection).
  • the circulation route of the hydraulic system is: oil tank 72, access check valve, rod cavity of the single-acting piston cylinder, quasi-out check valve, high-pressure accumulator, hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity;
  • the bottom end of the column 81 can be fixed with a cylindrical/ellipsoidal underwater buoyancy chamber 52 to increase the buoyancy, and the center lines of the two coincide.
  • the column 81 or the bottom end of the underwater buoyancy cabin 52 is fixedly connected to the top end of a vertical rod/vertical cylinder 63, and the center lines of the two coincide; the column 81+the underwater buoyancy cabin 52+the vertical rod/vertical
  • the straight tube 63 is a whole fixedly connected together, which is the overall body of the column.
  • a rope control device 79 is connected to the bottom end of the overall column.
  • the hydraulic system is installed in the column 81 or the underwater buoyancy cabin 52.
  • the second type, double buoyancy body force reset B-type WECS is illustrated in Figure 6.
  • the structure is mostly the same as the A-type, except that the hydraulic cylinder 2 in Figure 6 is the piston cylinder with the upper piston rod and the ring-shaped floating body. 80 moves up and down along the guide rail 86.
  • the other difference is that the overall column + rope control mechanism 79 does not have to maintain sufficient net buoyancy, and even the specific gravity can be greater than water, but a pulley and weight mechanism is added.
  • the pulley frame of the pulley 56 is connected to the bottom surface of the annular floating body 80, and a third rope 76 is connected to a weight 51 at one end, and the other end extends upwards, passes around the pulley 56 and then extends downwards, and is finally tied to the column 81
  • a third rope 76 is connected to a weight 51 at one end, and the other end extends upwards, passes around the pulley 56 and then extends downwards, and is finally tied to the column 81
  • the top end of the rope control device 79 is connected to the overall bottom end of the column.
  • the hydraulic system is the same as the double-buoy gravity reset type A, except that most of it is installed in the 80 cavity of the annular floating body.
  • CN107255060A Please refer to CN107255060A for the principle of double buoyant gravity reset type A and B WECS.
  • the overall column (81+53) of these are components that move relative to the floating body.
  • Their bottom ends (the center of the bottom side for rectangular rigid frames) can also be directly connected to an energy cable instead of connecting to the rope control mechanism.
  • the respective gravity anchors are connected through this energy-collecting cable.
  • WECS can also use wave energy to generate electricity, but it loses the ability to adjust the distance between the sea surface component and the underwater gravity anchor.
  • Section IV Inverted L type WECS, to be precise, belongs to single floating body pressure difference type B, Figure 7, the sea surface components of inverted L type WECS include floating body 1, inverted L rigid frame 19, closed hydraulic system, and upper and lower guide rails. Two fairleads 11.
  • the structure of the floating body 1 is a fully enclosed hollow shell with a cylindrical shape with a through hole on the axis, and the rotation section of the axis is a rectangle; an inverted L rigid frame 19 with a tube section, and its vertical side is spaced from the upper and lower sides.
  • the four-roller fairlead 11 of the distance passes through the upper fairlead is installed at the upper end of the through hole, the lower fairlead is installed at the bottom of the straight tube 63, the straight tube 63 is upright, and the top end is fixed At the bottom of the floating body, the inner diameter of the straight cylinder 63 is larger (or less than or equal to) the through hole on the floating body, and the central axis coincides with the through hole axis of the floating body; the four sides of the vertical side of the inverted L rigid frame are respectively The four rollers of the two fairleads are in close contact with the four rollers one by one.
  • the fairlead functions as a guide rail that guides the up and down movement of the inverted L rigid frame 19.
  • the straight tube 63 here is equivalent to the bracket, of course, there is no straight tube 63, and the lower fairlead 11 is installed at the bottom of the through hole of the floating body 1.
  • the end of the horizontal side of the inverted L rigid frame 19 is connected to the end of the plunger rod 3 of a vertical plunger cylinder, which can be fixed/hinge/earring.
  • the rear end of the plunger cylinder 138 is connected to the top surface of the floating body 1.
  • the connection can be fixed connection/hinge axis/earring.
  • the plunger cylinder 138 can also be inverted and connected to the end of the horizontal side of the inverted L rigid frame and the top surface of the floating body 1; the plunger cylinder 138 can also have a certain inclination It is best to be in the plane where the inverted L rigid frame is located; the effect is: when the inverted L rigid frame presses the hydraulic cylinder, the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder can be driven higher at the end of the work than the initial stage, because with the inverted L rigid frame The drop of the plunger cylinder 138 will increase the inclination of the plunger cylinder 138, and the component force required to compress the plunger cylinder 138 in the vertical direction is reduced, which is beneficial to make full use of the remaining net buoyancy of the floating body 1 when the wave rises.
  • the connection between the inverted L rigid frame and the top of the floating body 1 cannot be fixed.
  • the bottom end of the inverted L rigid frame 19 is connected to the casing of the rope control mechanism 79, and a flexible/universal connection is adopted.
  • the advantage is that the casing of the rope control mechanism 79 can follow the swing of the energy cable 30. Reduce the pressure on the fairlead 11 of the energy cable 30 on the rope control mechanism 79.
  • the flexible/universal connection is a cross universal joint/double lock ring connection, which can prevent the rotation of the rope control mechanism 79. Avoid the entanglement of the energy cable and the reset cable.
  • the limit block 106 is fixed on the upper part of the vertical side of the inverted L rigid frame.
  • the limit block 106 first collides with the top surface of the floating body 1 to protect the plunger. Cylinder 138.
  • the hydraulic system is a closed cycle, and the circulation route is the plunger cylinder cavity, the quasi-out check valve, the high-pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor, the low-pressure accumulator, the access check valve, and the plunger-cylinder cavity.
  • the motor drives the generator to generate electricity; the hydraulic pipe connected to the oil inlet and outlet at the bottom end of the plunger cylinder 138 is drilled from the top cover of the floating body, and the drilled hole needs to be sealed.
  • the generator and the hydraulic system except the plunger cylinder are in Floating body cavity.
  • the principle is basically the same as the aforementioned single floating body pressure difference reset B type.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 138 does not exceed the stroke and does not trigger the rope control device, the floating body 1 fluctuates with the waves, and the bottom end of the inverted L rigid frame is connected to the The length of the rope 30 between the gravity anchors is locked, so the maximum height of the top of the plunger rod 3 is also locked, and the bottom end of the plunger cylinder 138 moves up and down with the floating body 1.
  • the plunger cylinder 138 It is compressed to output high-pressure hydraulic oil. Because the access check valve cannot go through, the hydraulic oil can only reach the high-pressure accumulator through the check-out valve (compared to the plunger cylinder).
  • the hydraulic motor is driven to rotate to drive the generator to generate electricity, and the hydraulic oil also flows from the high-pressure accumulator To the low-pressure accumulator.
  • the pressure in the plunger cylinder cavity also decreases rapidly.
  • the plunger is pushed upward.
  • the reset of the plunger cylinder is realized.
  • add oil filter 5 Preferably: add oil filter 5.
  • the plunger rod 3 is sheathed with a protective cover 10 (preferably made of soft rubber), one end of the protective cover 10 is butted and sealed with the plunger rod shaft, and the other end is butted and sealed with the outside of the plunger cylinder 108.
  • a protective cover 10 preferably made of soft rubber
  • the generator is a brushless permanent magnet generator; preferably: an overflow valve is connected in parallel beside the motor. Once the motor stops for some reason, the high-pressure oil of the high-pressure accumulator can pass through the overflow valve Enter the low-pressure accumulator to avoid excessive pressure in the high-pressure accumulator.
  • the motor is an axial piston motor with end face distribution.
  • a cover is added to the top of the cylinder body of the plunger cylinder 138, and the cover and the top surface of the cylinder body form a sealed cavity for collecting and draining oil, and the plunger rod 3 is sealed from the top hole of the cavity
  • the drain pipe 115 is led out from the sealed cavity, and then extends downwards, and is drilled into the cavity from the top cover of the floating body 1 (sealing treatment is required at the drilling site to not destroy the full sealing of the floating body), Finally enter a fuel tank.
  • the electric charge pump 73 driven by the wave generator extracts hydraulic oil from the oil tank and injects it into the closed hydraulic circulation system; further preferably: a single-chip microcomputer and an auxiliary power supply circuit are added.
  • the electric charge pump 73 is started and stopped.
  • the MCU will turn on the motor to drive the charge pump to pump oil from the oil tank into the closed hydraulic circulation.
  • the cable 12 of the rope control device starts from the cavity of the floating body, drills upward from the top surface of the floating body (the outlet is to be sealed), and then becomes a spiral shape and extends upward, and finally a horizontal steel pipe 71 is drilled in, and the steel pipe 71 is inverted L
  • the side of the rigid frame 19 is welded and the two cavities are connected.
  • the cable 12 extends horizontally along the steel pipe 71, enters the vertical square tube of the inverted L rigid frame and extends downward, and finally drills out from the bottom side of the inverted L rigid frame , And finally enter the rope control rack cabinet 79.
  • the cable 12 can directly enter the rope control frame casing from the bottom exit of the inverted L rigid frame, but the entrance must be sealed.
  • the spiral shape of the cable 12 part is to adapt to the change of the relative distance between the inverted L rigid frame and the top surface of the floating body.
  • the cable 12 can be protected in the inverted L rigid frame square tube.
  • Section V Pre-tensioning system
  • Figure 7 uses the basic type of external accumulator, and a new hydraulic branch is led out from the hydraulic pipeline at the oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder 138, and the hydraulic branch is connected through an electromagnetic switch valve 122.
  • a third accumulator 128; the electromagnetic switch valve 122 is controlled by an MCU (ie, a single-chip microcomputer, the MCU in this specification can also be replaced by a PLC), and the MCU receives the work from monitoring the WECS (wave energy collection and conversion system) sea surface components The state of the signal of the second sensor 126.
  • WECS wave energy collection and conversion system
  • the energy-collecting cable 30 of the rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder wave generator works under pulsed tension.
  • the pulling force on the energy-collecting cable is equal to the restoring force of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • Weight, the weight of each component and the friction force the pulling force is relatively small, and when the floating body rises to do work on the hydraulic cylinder 138, the pulling force on the energy cable 30 is very large, so that the energy cable 30 will expand and contract, and the seawater will impact laterally ( Such as ocean currents) will also cause the energy cable 30 to bend.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 138 is reset, the bending is large, and when the hydraulic cylinder 138 is doing work, the bending is very small.
  • the buoyancy of the wave (including the impact force) cannot immediately drive the hydraulic cylinder 138 to perform work, but is delayed for a period of time. From the time the wave starts to rise to when the hydraulic cylinder 138 is driven, the height of the wave surface rise is actually not used. Part of the height lost by the use of the wave height is used to increase the draught of the floating body to increase its net buoyancy, and the other part It is to straighten the energy extraction cable 30 (in this case, although the floating body 1 rises, the hydraulic cylinder 138 does not move). The purpose of pre-tensioning is to reduce the loss of wave height utilization. Before the wave surface rises, the energy cable 30 is tightened to increase the draft of the floating body 1, so that when the wave surface rises, the hydraulic cylinder 138 can be driven immediately.
  • the single-chip MCU obtains the movement state of the floating body 1 relative to the movement state of the floating body 1 (the movement of the floating body 1 can also be obtained through the acceleration sensor) on the sea surface component linked with the energy cable through the second sensor 126 (that is, the inverted L rigid frame 19) State, or obtain the draft information of the floating body through the water pressure sensor at the bottom of the floating body) to determine the wavefront of the floating body 1 at which stage.
  • the MCU determines that the WECS is in the reset stage and is close to the end of the reset stage, it is considered to be in the trough.
  • the solenoid switch valve 122 immediately open the solenoid switch valve 122, and hold it for a period of time (for example, 0.3 seconds) and then close it, so that the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the third accumulator 128 will partially flow to the plunger cylinder 138, driving the plunger rod 3 up.
  • the process also causes the pressure in the third accumulator 128 to decrease.
  • the rope control device is in the locked state, the distance between the inverted L rigid frame 19 and the gravity anchor 17 remains unchanged, so the plunger rod 3 cannot actually rise, so only the floating body 1 sinks, and the sinking of the floating body 1 will cause the floating body 1
  • the draft increases, the buoyancy received increases, and the tension on the energy cable 30 increases, thus achieving the purpose of pre-tensioning.
  • the hydraulic cylinder can be driven immediately or the hydraulic cylinder 138 can be driven to do work with only a small wave surface rising amplitude.
  • the single-chip MCU detects that the floating body is at the peak of the wave through the second sensor 126, and immediately opens the electromagnetic switch valve 122 and keeps it for a certain period of time (for example, 0.3s).
  • the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the plunger cylinder 138 will flow to the third reservoir.
  • the MCU opens the solenoid switch valve 122 again, and so on...
  • Fig. 10 is a processing flow chart of the basic single-chip microcomputer of the external increase accumulator.
  • FIG. 8 is the functional relationship diagram of the various components of the electrical part of the pretensioning system.
  • the MCU/PLC obtains the state of the sea surface component or the wave surface from the second sensor.
  • the sea surface components of the wave generator there are work, the end of the work stroke, the reset, the end of the reset stroke, etc., because it is difficult to directly measure the state of the wave surface where the wave generator is located, and such a sensor is also more expensive, so in general, it can be used Measure the working state of the wave generator to judge the state of the wave surface.
  • the second sensor can have the following forms:
  • Ranging sensor As shown in Figure 1, it can be installed on the top surface of the floating body shell to monitor the distance between the piston 27 and the top surface of the floating body shell. For other drawings, it can be installed on the top surface of the floating body to monitor: the components linked with the energy cable and above the top surface of the floating body (the end of the piston rod 3 in Figure 2 and the rectangular rigid frame 111 in Figure 3 and Figure 4) The distance between the top edge or the limit block 106 in Figure 4, the top of the column 81 in Figure 5, the top edge of the rigid frame 88 in Figure 6, and the horizontal edge of the inverted L rigid frame in Figure 7) and the top surface of the floating body changes.
  • the distance measuring sensor is a laser type/ultrasonic type/infrared type.
  • Linear displacement sensor includes two relatively linearly movable parts, one part is connected to the floating body, and the other part is connected to the member linked with the energy cable; preferably: the one part is connected to the top surface of the floating body, The member connected by another component is above the top surface of the floating body; the judgment method is the same as that of the ranging sensor.
  • the linear displacement sensor is a rod type/rope type.
  • Linear speed sensor includes two relatively linearly movable parts, one part is connected to the floating body, and the other part is connected to the member linked with the energy cable; preferably: the first part is connected to the floating body On the top surface, the member connected by the second component is above the top surface of the floating body;
  • the moving speed of the component relative to the floating body is downward, it is the stage of working on the hydraulic cylinder and the floating body is rising; when the speed is down, it is the end of the work and the peak time; when the speed is upward, it is the stage of hydraulic cylinder resetting and the floating body falling; when the speed is upwards Stop, the reset is over and the floating body is in the trough.
  • Acceleration sensor installed on the floating body to measure the motion acceleration of the floating body
  • the acceleration of the floating body is the largest upward, which is the trough, and the largest downward, is the peak. From the trough to the crest, the time period between which is the stage of working on the hydraulic cylinder and the floating body rises, and from the crest to the trough, the time period between the hydraulic cylinder resetting and the floating body falling.
  • Draft sensor a water pressure sensor installed at the bottom of the floating body to monitor the draft of the floating body
  • the water pressure sensor detects the maximum pressure, it means that the draught is the largest, which is the stage of working on the hydraulic cylinder and the floating body rises; the water pressure and draught begin to decrease after the maximum, which is the peak; the water pressure and draught are small, the floating body is falling , The hydraulic cylinder reset stage; when the water pressure and draft start to increase after a small change, it is a trough.
  • Tension sensor connected in series to the energy-collecting rope 30 to monitor the tension of the energy-collecting rope;
  • the pulling force is large, it is the work of the hydraulic cylinder and the floating body is rising.
  • the pulling force is very large and then begins to decrease. When the work is over, the pulling force is at the crest, and the pulling force is small. When it starts to increase, the hydraulic cylinder is reset and the floating body is in the trough.
  • Hydraulic sensor installed on the hydraulic pipeline at the oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder to monitor the hydraulic pressure at the oil inlet and outlet; if the hydraulic pressure is large, it is to work on the hydraulic cylinder and the floating body rises; the pressure changes from high to high When the pressure becomes smaller, the work ends, the floating body is at the peak of the wave, and the pressure is small, and the hydraulic cylinder is reset and the floating body falls.
  • Flow sensor installed on the hydraulic pipeline at the oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder to monitor the flow direction and size of the oil inlet and outlet (into the hydraulic cylinder or out of the hydraulic cylinder);
  • the flow direction is: the flow from the hydraulic cylinder to the outside, and if it is large, it is the stage of working on the hydraulic cylinder and the floating body rising;
  • the flow direction is: when the hydraulic cylinder stops the outflow, the work of the hydraulic cylinder ends and the floating body is at the peak stage;
  • the flow direction is: flow into the hydraulic cylinder, and if it is large, it is the stage of the hydraulic cylinder resetting and the floating body falling;
  • the flow direction is: stop flowing into the hydraulic cylinder, it means that the hydraulic cylinder is reset and the floating body is in the trough stage;
  • FIG. 9 Circuit diagram of the electrical part of the pre-tensioning system.
  • the MCU controls the solenoid switch valve through the solid state relay SSR.
  • the MCU receives the data from the wireless communication module AS62 through the 485 communication module.
  • Figure 8 and Figure 9 can be applied to all pre-tensioning schemes in this manual.
  • Figure 12 is the pre-tightening effect diagram of the external accumulator type, a): trough state; b: open the electromagnetic switch valve for a while, pre-tension; c: wave surface rises, work on the hydraulic cylinder; d: wave crest, open the electromagnetic switch After the valve is held for a while, the net buoyancy of the wave is used to charge the third accumulator; e: the charging is over and it starts to fall; f: the floating body falls, the hydraulic cylinder is reset, and then to a), and so on.
  • a hydraulic branch is connected in parallel next to the quasi-out check valve of the hydraulic system.
  • An electromagnetic switch valve 122 is provided on the branch.
  • the electromagnetic switch valve 122 is controlled by the MCU, and the MCU receives data from the monitoring float State the signal of the second sensor 126.
  • the processing method of the floating body in the trough state is the same as the aforementioned basic preloading scheme of the externally increased accumulator.
  • the hydraulic pressure in the plunger cylinder 138 is equal to the low-pressure accumulator.
  • the aforementioned basic type of external accumulator and the basic type of high-pressure side regurgitation hydraulic pre-tensioning schemes have shortcomings: for example, during the pre-tensioning process at the trough, when the solenoid switch valve is just opened, the high pressure of the third accumulator or The high-pressure hydraulic oil of the high-pressure accumulator will impact the hydraulic cylinder. The pressure of the hydraulic cylinder suddenly rises from low pressure to high pressure, resulting in an impact. The energy consumed by the hydraulic cylinder resetting for a certain distance under such high pressure is obtained by the same distance as that obtained during the work phase. The energy is almost the same, and the result is: Although the pre-tensioning, it consumes a lot of energy, and finally does not get too much wave energy.
  • the swing cylinder + inertial flywheel is introduced, and the swing cylinder is introduced.
  • the inertial flywheel can consume the same energy to achieve a better pretension effect.
  • the external accumulator type pretension program it can also make full use of the residual buoyancy at the peak of the wave to do work.
  • a swing cylinder 125 is inserted in the hydraulic branch between the electromagnetic switch valve and the third accumulator 128.
  • the figure shows a rack and pinion swing cylinder.
  • the gear of the swing cylinder is connected to the flywheel 123 shaft (it can also be linked with the flywheel 123 through a gear/chain/belt speed change mechanism), so that at the moment when the electromagnetic switch valve is opened in the trough, the high pressure hydraulic oil of the third accumulator first
  • the swing cylinder must be pushed to drive the flywheel 123 to rotate, and part of the hydraulic energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel 123.
  • the flywheel 123 Because the flywheel 123 has a large inertia, the acceleration is relatively slow, so the hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic cylinder 2 slowly, thus avoiding impact; In the initial stage of the pre-tensioning process, the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 rises slowly, thereby reducing the energy consumption required for the pre-tensioning.
  • the MCU can set the time ⁇ t1 for the solenoid switch valve to be turned on according to the estimation, and the second half of the ⁇ t1 period, even though the hydraulic pressure of the third accumulator 128 has dropped and the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 is already high. However, the flywheel 123 uses its previously stored kinetic energy to continue to push the swing cylinder 125 to swing, and continue to press more hydraulic oil into the plunger cylinder 2.
  • the time ⁇ t1 for the solenoid switch valve to be turned on is preset by the MCU ( Figure 15 is preset). This method is not too flexible. It is preferred: see Figure 13.
  • a speed sensor 145 that monitors the speed of the flywheel 123 can be used.
  • the external accumulator type preloading scheme of flywheel + swing cylinder is added, and the remaining net buoyancy of the floating body can also be fully utilized when the floating body is at the peak of the wave.
  • the realization process is as follows: When the MCU detects that the hydraulic cylinder has just finished working and the floating body is at the peak of the hydraulic cylinder according to the second sensor 126, it immediately opens the electromagnetic switch valve and maintains it for a period of time ⁇ t2. At this time, the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder 2 will push The swing cylinder 125 swings and drives the flywheel 123 to rotate.
  • the MCU can more accurately determine the time point to close the solenoid switch valve instead of predicting ⁇ t2.
  • the preloading scheme of the external accumulator can be applied not only to the closed hydraulic system, but also to the open hydraulic system, as shown in Figure 15.
  • a swing cylinder 125 is inserted.
  • the shaft of the swing cylinder 125 is linked with the flywheel 123 (or directly connected to the shaft) through a transmission mechanism-belt transmission 124.
  • the hydraulic pressure between the solenoid switch valve and the swing cylinder 125 On the pipeline, a freewheeling branch (marked as a dashed line) is led out, which is connected to the low-pressure accumulator via a check valve; the conduction direction of the check valve is the low-pressure accumulator to the solenoid switch valve And the swing cylinder; preferably: a return spring 141 is installed on the swing cylinder 125, and the return force of the return spring 141 makes the hydraulic oil flow on the swing cylinder 125 from the vicinity of the swing cylinder One end of the hydraulic cylinder flows to the end near the electromagnetic switch valve.
  • the MCU monitors whether the WECS is reset and whether the floating body reaches the trough through the second sensor 126. Once the trough is reached, the MCU immediately opens the electromagnetic switch valve and keeps conducting For a period of time ⁇ t1, because the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 is equal to the pressure of the low-pressure accumulator in the previous reset process, when the solenoid switch valve is just opened, the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator-the pressure of the low-pressure accumulator Under the action of the pressure difference, the swing cylinder 125 is driven, and the flywheel 123 is driven to rotate through the belt transmission mechanism 124.
  • the high-pressure hydraulic energy output by the high-pressure accumulator is partially converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel 123, which partially increases the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2.
  • the second half of the parallel branch that is, the pressure between the swing cylinder 125 and the electromagnetic switch valve, drops rapidly.
  • the hydraulic oil of the low-pressure accumulator will be replenished through the aforementioned freewheeling branch, so that the swing cylinder can continue to inject hydraulic oil into the hydraulic cylinder 2, so as to make full use of the previously stored kinetic energy of the flywheel 123 until it stops. .
  • the swing cylinder Due to the pre-tensioning process, the swing cylinder has rotated a certain angle, so it needs to be reset.
  • the reset time is arranged in the working phase of the hydraulic cylinder when the floating body rises.
  • the MCU When the MCU knows that it is currently in the rising phase through the second sensor 126, it will open the solenoid switch valve and hold it for a time of ⁇ t2.
  • One end of the hydraulic cylinder 2 is equal to the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder, and the pressure at the end near the high-pressure accumulator is equal to the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 2 minus the pressure drop of the quasi-out check valve, and the front end is slightly higher. If the pressure difference acts on the swing cylinder 125 If it is enough to push the reset, the reset spring 141 can be omitted. If it is not enough, the reset force of the reset spring 141 is also needed. After the swing cylinder 125 is reset, the MCU closes the solenoid switch valve.
  • the above-mentioned swing cylinder in this section can also be replaced with a pump & motor (which can be used as a pump and a motor, such as an axial piston pump with end face distribution).
  • the pump & motor can be regarded as a swing cylinder without restriction on the rotation angle. Therefore, there is no need to reset, and the reset spring can be omitted, and the MCU does not need to open the solenoid switch valve again to complete the reset during the working phase of the hydraulic cylinder when the floating body rises.
  • Figure 16 is an example of a pump & motor 127 instead of a swing cylinder. It is also a case where the high-pressure side recirculation preloading scheme is applied to an open hydraulic system.
  • an electromagnetic switch valve is arranged on the branch, the electromagnetic switch valve is controlled by the MCU, and the MCU receives the signal from the second sensor 126 that monitors the state of the WECS.
  • a freewheeling branch is led out, and the freewheeling branch is connected to the fuel tank through a check valve; the conduction direction of the check valve is the flow of the fuel tank to the solenoid switch valve Between the pump & motor 127.
  • the pre-tightening process is the same as before.
  • the MCU opens the solenoid switch valve, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil from the high-pressure accumulator drives the pump & motor into the hydraulic cylinder 2.
  • the pump & motor simultaneously drive the flywheel 123 to rotate.
  • the hydraulic energy is partially converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel 123.
  • the MCU closes the electromagnetic switch valve, and the continuously rotating flywheel 123 releases the kinetic energy, which drives the pump & motor 127 to continue to rotate. It is closed, so the pump & motor 127 can only draw oil from the oil tank through the check valve of the freewheeling branch and inject it into the hydraulic cylinder 2. Since the pump & motor do not need to be reset, there is no need to open the solenoid switch valve again during the working phase of the hydraulic cylinder 2 when the floating body rises.
  • the inertia of the swing cylinder + flywheel may cause excessive preloading (after preloading, the draft of the floating body even exceeds the draft when the wave rises and the hydraulic cylinder is working.
  • preloading the draft of the floating body even exceeds the draft when the wave rises and the hydraulic cylinder is working.
  • the freewheeling branch is not necessary (also for Figures 16, 23, the freewheeling branch is not necessary, which is indicated by the dashed line).
  • the MCU receives external data or manual instructions/parameters through the wireless communication module.
  • the data/parameters refer to the data from the marine environment monitoring buoy, so that the MCU can more accurately grasp the current wave condition information.
  • the second sensor data of the wave generator can also be shared.
  • the MCU of the wave generator as the forward of the wave can use the data monitored by its second sensor through
  • the wireless data transmission module is sent to other wave generators, and the wave generator at the back combines the data monitored by its own second sensor with the data of the second sensor of the wave generator of the forward wave to better grasp the future.
  • the incoming wave conditions can better grasp the time point of controlling the solenoid switch valve/reversing branch.
  • This manual also uses a control sequence table to help understand each technical solution.
  • the MCU judges the working status of the wave surface and sea surface components at this time according to the second sensor, and then operates them according to the working symbols of the reversing branch or solenoid switch valve in the table at each stage.
  • the third column shows the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder at each stage
  • the fourth column shows the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator/third accumulator at each stage.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is positively correlated with the tension of the energy extraction cable, and the tension trend of the energy extraction cable can be judged according to the pressure trend of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • Fig. 3B, Fig. 7A, Fig. 7C, Fig. 21, 22... to 26 all list the control sequence table. It should be pointed out that in this example, the pressure drop loss of the valve, the midway pressure drop of the pipeline, and the As well as mechanical friction, the pressure change of the high-pressure accumulator during a wave cycle is ignored (generally, there will be changes, generally the larger the capacity, the smaller the amplitude of change).
  • Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B are the high-pressure side recirculation type preloading system adopting the booster cylinder, which is suitable for the WECS in Fig. 4.
  • the first stage The MCU judges that the floating body 1 is falling with the wave according to the second sensor.
  • the hydraulic oil flows from the low-pressure accumulator (internal pressure 0.5Mpa) to the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 2 is in the reset stage, and the internal pressure is 0.5Mpa.
  • the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator is 10Mpa.
  • the solenoid on-off valve controlled by the MCU is in the ⁇ state at this time, and the branch circuit is in the cut-off state.
  • the second stage The MCU learns that the floating body 1 is no longer falling according to the second sensor, and judges that the floating body 1 is in the trough.
  • the solenoid switch valve is controlled to ⁇ , that is, the solenoid switch valve is opened, and the hydraulic oil flows from the high-pressure accumulator to the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the plunger rod 3 is connected to the rope control device 79, when the rope control device does not move, the height of the plunger rod 3 is unchanged, so only the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder is lowered, so the floating body connected to the cylinder It begins to fall, the draft increases, the net buoyancy increases, and the tension of the energy cable increases.
  • the third stage The MCU judges that the floating body 1 is in the rising stage according to the second sensor, and immediately closes the solenoid valve, and the parallel branch is in the cut-off state. At this time, WECS is in the work phase, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil flows from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure accumulator.
  • the fourth stage The MCU learns that the floating body 1 is no longer rising according to the second sensor, and judges that the floating body 1 is in the crest state, and immediately opens the solenoid valve.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is still 10Mpa in the power stage, and it is amplified to 20Mpa by the booster cylinder, which is greater than the 10Mpa in the high-pressure accumulator. Therefore, the hydraulic oil flows from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure accumulator, the floating body 1 rises, and the draft decreases.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 2 begins to drop, and the pulling force of the energy cable slowly decreases. In this process, the remaining net buoyancy of the floating body works on the hydraulic cylinder and is converted into hydraulic energy.
  • the MCU detects that it is in the valley at this time through the second sensor 126, it will immediately switch the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch to reverse the one-way direction of the reversing branch to ⁇ , that is: only allow Flow into the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic oil can enter the hydraulic cylinder (0.5Mpa) from the third accumulator (8Mpa) through the reversing branch.
  • the pressure inside the hydraulic cylinder gradually rises from 0.5Mpa, which pushes the piston of the hydraulic cylinder to rise relative to the cylinder body. Because the piston rod is connected to the relative motion reference object under water through the energy-collecting cable, the piston rod cannot rise.
  • the hydraulic cylinder body is lowered, the hydraulic cylinder body is installed on the floating body, the floating body will sink, so that the draft increases, the buoyancy increases, and the energy collection cable is also tightened, thus achieving the purpose of pre-tightening. This process drives the swing cylinder 125 by the way.
  • the inertia is relatively large, so in the first half of the preload, part of the hydraulic energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel, and in the second half of the preload, the flywheel’s
  • the kinetic energy causes the swing cylinder 125 to continue to rotate, pushing the hydraulic oil to continue to flow forward, so that the internal hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder crosses the pressure balance point (assuming 5Mpa) of the hydraulic cylinder and the third accumulator and rises from 5Mpa to 7Mpa.
  • the next wave arrives, and the wave pushes the floating body up to do work.
  • the hydraulic cylinder reaches a working pressure of 10Mpa.
  • the waves can no longer push the floating body up.
  • the MCU monitors this situation through the second sensor, and immediately switches the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve so that its one-way conduction direction is ⁇ , that is, it flows out of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is 10Mpa
  • the hydraulic pressure of the third accumulator is 3Mpa.
  • the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic cylinder flows to the third accumulator, so that the pressure of the third accumulator rises and the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder drops.
  • the outflow of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder causes the cylinder body to rise, and the draft of the floating body decreases.
  • the work done by the residual net buoyancy in this process on the floating body is converted into the pressure energy of the third accumulator.
  • the flow of hydraulic oil also drives the swing cylinder by the way, making the inertia of the hydraulic oil flow very large. After crossing the pressure balance point of the hydraulic cylinder and the third accumulator, the hydraulic oil is still accumulating to the third under the action of the swing cylinder + flywheel.
  • the energy device flows, so as to make full use of the net buoyancy to do work (if there is no swing cylinder + flywheel in this picture, you can also use the net buoyancy to do work, but the effect may not be as good as this).
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder gradually dropped from 10Mpa to 3Mpa, and the pressure of the third accumulator rose from 3Mpa to 8Mpa. Then it comes to the falling stage of the floating body, and so on.
  • the floating body When the floating body reaches the trough with the wave, the floating body stops falling and the vertical speed is 0.
  • the floating body is stationary relative to the inverted L rigid frame (that is, the member that moves relative to the floating body).
  • the MCU monitors this situation through the second sensor 126, and immediately Switch the reversing branch so that its one-way direction is ⁇ , that is, it flows into the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic oil flows from the 10MPa high-pressure accumulator, through the parallel branch, through the reversing branch, the pump & motor 127, the booster cylinder 147, and then flows to the hydraulic cylinder 2, so that the cylinder body is lowered relative to the plunger rod, because The plunger rod is connected to the inverted L rigid frame, and the inverted L rigid frame is connected to the relative motion reference object under the water through the energy-collecting cable. Therefore, the plunger rod cannot rise and the cylinder body will descend because the cylinder body is installed on the floating body. Therefore, the floating body will sink, the draft will increase, the buoyancy will increase, and the pulling force of the energy extraction cable will increase, so as to achieve the pre-tightening effect.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 2 gradually rises from 0.5Mpa, while the capacity of the high-pressure accumulator is large, and its pressure change is small, which is ignored here.
  • the reversing branch remains unchanged.
  • the internal pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is 10Mpa
  • the high-pressure accumulator is also 10Mpa. Since the reversing branch is still ⁇ , the hydraulic oil can only be passed through The one-way valve (the pressure drop of the valve is not considered here) enters the high-pressure accumulator.
  • the MCU detects this situation through the second sensor, and immediately switches the state of the reversing branch to ⁇ , that is: out of the hydraulic cylinder .
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is 10Mpa.
  • a pressure of 20Mpa can be generated on the right side of the booster cylinder 147.
  • the hydraulic oil flows from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure accumulator via the parallel branch.
  • the pressure change is small (ignored here), and the outflow of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder will cause the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder to rise relative to the plunger, which means that the draft of the floating body is reduced, which leads to the energy extraction cable.
  • the reduction of the pulling force of the hydraulic cylinder causes the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder to drop rapidly, from 10Ma to 3Mpa. This process still benefits from the rotational inertia of the pump & motor + flywheel. After the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder drops to the equilibrium point of 5 MPa, the hydraulic oil can continue to flow to the high-pressure accumulator, so as to make full use of the remaining net buoyancy to do work.
  • FIG. 3B is the control timing chart after the solenoid switch valve in Figure 3 is replaced with the reversing branch.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is 0.5Mpa
  • the high-pressure accumulator is 10Mpa.
  • the parallel branch should be cut off.
  • the reversing branch In the state, the reversing branch must be opposite to the pressure direction, which is ⁇ (only allowed to flow out of the hydraulic cylinder).
  • the parallel branch In the trough phase, the parallel branch should be in the open state, and the commutation branch should follow the pressure, that is, ⁇ .
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder In the work phase when the floating body rises, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is 10Mpa (in fact, it should be 10+ the pressure drop of the one-way valve, which is ignored here), and the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator is 10Mpa, because the reversing support
  • the road itself also has a pressure drop.
  • the hydraulic oil is the same from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure accumulator, from the quasi-out check valve or from the reversing branch, so the state of the reversing branch at this time is arbitrary. But for the swing cylinder with spring return, the state of the reversing branch should be ⁇ at this time, so that the swing cylinder is reset under the action of the return spring.
  • the parallel branch should be in the cut-off state, that is, the reversing branch should be against the pressure, that is ⁇ .
  • the reversing branch in these legends mentioned in the previous paragraph can also be replaced with solenoid on-off valves.
  • the reversing branch has one more function than the solenoid switch valve, which is automatic check. If the function of the reversing branch is used in the embodiment (for example, the embodiment with swing cylinder/pump & motor, The flow has crossed the balance point due to the inertia of the flywheel, and the non-reverse function of the reversing branch automatically prevents the backflow of hydraulic oil), after replacing it with a solenoid on-off valve, the MCU can determine it through a preset delay (estimated) The best time to close the solenoid switch valve (anti-reflux). Since the relative movement of the floating body and the components moving relative to the floating body are related to the flow/flow direction of the hydraulic oil entering and leaving the hydraulic cylinder, the MCU can also refer to the information sent by the second sensor 126 to determine the best time for the closing action.
  • this is the insertion of a booster cylinder on the new hydraulic branch between the third accumulator 128 and the reversing branch, which belongs to the preloading scheme V.
  • the introduction of the booster cylinder will change the hydraulic power response of the third accumulator 128, and the technician can achieve the desired performance with the assistance of the booster cylinder.
  • Section VI The anchor technology has been introduced in CN107255060A, and there are the following types:
  • Pulley Anchor As shown in Figure 17, one buoy 59 is moored on each side of the floating body D. The two ends of a cable 57 are tied to the two buoys 59. The pulley 56 of the anchor 17, and the bottom end of the pulley frame of the pulley 56 is connected to the top surface of the gravity anchor 17 of WECS, and the energy collection cable 30 that was originally to be connected to the gravity anchor 17 from above is connected to the top of the pulley frame 56 instead, The gravity anchor below the WECS floating body G and the gravity anchor below the WECS floating body B in Figure 18 are both pulley anchors.
  • Double ropeway anchor The gravity anchor is a flat cube, and the top four vertices of the gravity anchor are respectively equipped with a pulley, so that there are two pulleys on the two opposite sides of the top surface of the gravity anchor, and the pulleys (two) on each opposite side are in each A ropeway rolls, the two ropeways merge into one strand on the left side of the gravity anchor and wind around a pulley.
  • the pulley frame of the pulley is connected with the cable used for suspending the gravity anchor on the left side. The same is true on the right side, symmetrical. .
  • Pulleys on both sides equally divide the pulling force of the buoy on the cable into the two ropeways, and the two ropeways provide upward pulling force to the pulleys installed on both sides of the gravity anchor through which the gravity anchor is suspended in the water.
  • the gravity anchor is a flat cube.
  • a fairlead is installed on the front and back of the gravity anchor.
  • Two guide pulleys are installed on the two vertical edges of the right side of the gravity anchor.
  • the cable passes through the rear guide in turn.
  • the cable guide, the guide pulley that bypasses the right rear edge, the guide pulley of the right front edge, and the front fairlead pass through.
  • the two fairleads and the two guide pulleys are at the same distance from the top surface of the gravity anchor.
  • the suspension cable is equivalent to bypassing one side of the gravity anchor, and the force application point is on the fairleads on both sides. Obviously, with the help of fairleads and guide pulleys, the gravity anchor can slide along the cable.
  • Stretcher anchors Two straight rigid rods are parallel and aligned with their ends passing through the gravity anchor and two transverse through holes spaced apart at a certain distance.
  • the left ends of the two rigid straight rods are fixed to a steel frame, and the right ends of the two rigid straight rods. It is fixedly connected to another steel frame, and the suspension cables on both sides are connected to the steel frames on both sides by V-shaped ropes, that is, the two vertices of the V-shaped ropes are connected to the two ends of the steel frame, and the bottom ends of the V-shaped ropes are connected to the suspension cables.
  • the suspension cables on both sides provide upward pulling force to the two rigid straight rods, and the rigid straight rods give upward lifting force to the gravity anchor, similar to a stretcher.
  • the gravity anchor can slide left and right with a hard straight rod as a guide rail.
  • the other ends of the suspension cables on both sides of the gravity anchor are connected to two buoys moored at a certain distance on the water surface, and the floating body of the wave generator is in the two buoys. In the middle of the buoy, this is the same as 1) and 2).
  • the wet weight of the gravity anchor (gravity minus the buoyancy) is greater than the upward pulling force of the WECS when doing work, and the maximum buoyancy provided by the two buoys is greater than the wet weight of the gravity anchor, and it is best to have sufficient redundancy Reserve buoyancy.
  • the floating body and the buoy are connected by a rope 44 (as shown in Figs. 17 and 18).
  • a rope 44 as shown in Figs. 17 and 18.
  • a weight 51 is tied in the middle of the rope 44 to provide buffering, or a tension spring 33 is connected in series to replace the weight 51.
  • the buoys (A, C, E) are in the shape of a slender capsule, and the connecting point of the buoy is located on the outer center point of one end of the capsule.
  • the buoyancy change caused by the ups and downs of waves must be small in the former. This makes the anchor more stable.
  • the bottom of the gravity anchor in the suspension anchor is fixed with a horizontal damping plate, and the gravity anchor is at a position above the center of the damping plate.
  • the function is to use the resistance of the water encountered by the damping plate to move in the water to make the gravity anchor relatively stable in the vertical direction.
  • the middle part of the cable 57 for suspending the gravity anchor 17 is replaced with a tension spring 104 (as shown in Figure 18).
  • the function is to change the linkage motion characteristics of the gravity anchor 17 and the buoy 59 that suspends it, so that the gravity anchor and the suspended buoy are different from each other.
  • the time can be out of sync, and the spring acts as a buffer.
  • the suspension cable itself has good elasticity, such as nylon rope, it can also be equivalent to adding a spring.
  • the anchor technology uses the aforementioned buffer tension spring and damping plate solution at the same time, so that it can Greatly reduce the impact force on the suspension cable.
  • a power transmission scheme X based on a row of floating bodies on the water surface.
  • the floating bodies at the head and tail of the queue are moored.
  • adjacent floating bodies are connected by ropes, that is, It is said that the entire column of floating bodies is connected in series by a number of ropes; in the queue, some floating bodies are the floating bodies of wave generators. After the electric circuit drawn by the wave generators drills out the floating bodies, they are attached to the ropes and connected. Extend along it.
  • Scheme X is preferred: see Figure 18, after the cable 12 initiated from the WECS generator is drilled out of the floating bodies B and D, it is attached to the rope 44 to extend; this circuit goes from the left to the right of the figure, with two generators In series. There are three types of attached forms: 1) The left side of floating body B is a spiral cable 121 that is sheathed on the rope 44; 2) The cable on the right side of the floating body B is spirally wound on the rope 44; 3) The cable on the right side of the floating body D 12 Tie loosely to the rope 44 with a string 155;
  • the circuit passes through the rotary/universal joint/spherical joint circuit connector at the point where the floating body is drilled out; see Figure 19: as part of the circuit ,
  • the single-core cable 12 drawn from the generator G is connected to a terminal (end A) of a universal joint circuit connector 151, which is fixed on the floating body shell 152 (if the floating body shell is conductive, then The A terminal should be insulated from the floating body shell), and the other terminal (terminal B) of the universal joint circuit connector is connected to one end of a single-core cable 12 extending along the rope 44.
  • the floating body B fluctuates with the waves on the seashore, causing the rope 44 connected to it to swing relatively. If the output cable of the generator is simply drilled and extended from the floating body shell, it will soon be caused by frequent Bending causes fracture. With the universal connection characteristics of the universal joint circuit connector 151 in this solution, the bending movement of the cable 12 can be eliminated, thereby protecting the cable.
  • the circuit connector 151 and the connection between the circuit connector 151 and the cable 12 are sealed on the floating housing 152 with a hemispherical flexible insulating cover 150 to prevent it from contacting seawater, and the cable 12 connected to the B end is removed from the flexible insulating cover Drill in the hole on the top and seal the hole. It is further preferred that the rope 44 is connected to the B end through an insulating connecting rod 153.
  • the rope 44 and the end of the cable 12 are connected at the same position, which avoids the relative movement of the rope and the cable, and improves the reliability.
  • the insulating connecting rod 153 passes through the hole on the insulating cover 150, and the hole needs to be sealed.
  • the other terminal B of the cable 12 (a part of the circuit) is fixed to the rope 44 on the right side of the tie point through another fixing frame 154, and is connected to a section of the single-core cable 12 on the right side ( A part of the circuit); a straight line OO' is drawn through the tie point and perpendicular to the plane on which the ropes on both sides of the tie point are located, and this line coincides with the center of the ball-hinge circuit connector 149.
  • the rope 44, the fixing frame 154, and a terminal on both sides of the tie point are like on both sides of a virtual hinge.
  • the elements on both sides can rotate around 00', and the angle of the rope 44 is constantly changing in real sea conditions.
  • the ball hinge circuit connector is driven by the fixing frame 154 to make corresponding changes. During this process, the cable 12 on one side will not be stressed, and will not move relative to the rope 44 on the same side, so as to prevent the cable 12 from bending and swinging.
  • a flexible insulating sleeve 150 is used to wrap and seal the spherical hinge circuit connector 149 and the connection with the cable to prevent contact with seawater and prevent electric leakage.
  • the fixing frame 154 is insulated, and the fixing frame, The cable 12 needs to be sealed at the hole drilled from the flexible insulating sleeve 150.
  • the circuit extends through the rotary circuit connector 148 at the weight between the 44 ropes. It is understood that the rope 44 between the buoy A and the floating body B is disconnected in the middle, and the two end points formed after the disconnection are respectively connected to the two terminals AB of the rotary circuit connector 148 through the insulating connecting rod 153 (see FIG. 20A). ,), the two terminals are respectively directly connected with the single-core cables 12 on both sides of the circuit connector; the common shaft is connected with a weight 51.
  • a flexible insulating sleeve 150 (such as a rubber sleeve) is used to seal the circuit connector 148 and its connection with the cable 12 to isolate the seawater and prevent leakage.
  • the insulating connecting rod 153 passes through the hole of the flexible insulating sleeve 150, and the hole needs to be sealed.
  • the weight may be located outside the flexible insulating sleeve, and the weight is connected to one end of an insulating connecting rod 153. The other end of the insulating connecting rod is drilled into the hole on the flexible insulating sleeve 150 and connected The common shaft is connected, and the hole should be sealed and waterproof.
  • one of the floating bodies is not a floating body of a wave generator, and is named a buoy here (A, C, E in Figure 18), and there are three ways for the circuit to pass through the buoy. kind:
  • a universal joint circuit connector 151 is installed on the left and right sides of the buoy C; the installation method of the circuit connectors on the left and right sides is the same as that in Figure 19, except that the generator G is replaced with a single core Connect the cable (the dotted line in buoy C in Figure 18) to the A ends of the two circuit connectors on the left and right sides.
  • the buoy C bumps in the waves, the rope 44 on the left and right sides swings relative to the buoy C, and the cable 12 on the rope 44 also swings accordingly.
  • the buoy The inner cable of C can be connected with the outer cable of buoy C in 120,000 directions, thereby avoiding the damage caused by the bending of the cable.
  • the circuit connector 151 and the connection between the circuit connector 151 and the single-core cable 12 are sealed on the shell of the buoy C with a hemispherical flexible insulating cover 150 to avoid contact with seawater.
  • the hole on the flexible insulating cover is drilled, and the hole should be sealed; further preferably: on the left side of the buoy C, the rope 44 is connected to the buoy C through an insulating connecting rod 153, specifically: the rope 44 and one end of the insulating connecting rod 153 are connected outside the hemispherical flexible insulating cover 150, and the other end of the insulating connecting rod 153 is drilled into the hole on the insulating cover 150 and connected to the circuit connector The B end is connected, and the hole should be sealed.
  • the effect of this is that both the left side rope 44 and the left side cable 12 are connected to the B end of the left circuit connector, which avoids the relative movement of the rope 44 and the cable 12, thereby improving reliability.
  • the rope 44 on the right side of the tie point is connected to the single-core cable 12 on the right side; it passes through the tie point O and is perpendicular to the plane on which the rope 44 on both sides of the tie point is located.
  • the centers of the ball hinge circuit connectors 149 coincide.
  • a flexible insulating sleeve 150 is used to wrap and seal the circuit connector 149 and the connection with the cable to prevent water leakage and current leakage.
  • the fixing frame 154 is insulated, and the fixing frame 154, The cable 12 needs to be sealed at the hole drilled from the flexible insulating sleeve.
  • Buoy A fluctuates with waves on the sea, and the angle between the ropes 44 on both sides often changes.
  • the cables 12 attached to the ropes if the cables on both sides are directly connected, they must be broken due to frequent bending. After the rotary circuit connector 148 is installed, the angle change of the cables 12 on both sides is completely completed by the circuit connector 148, and the cable 12 and the rope 44 will not move relative to each other, thereby protecting the cable.
  • a flexible insulating sleeve 150 (such as a rubber sleeve) is used to seal the circuit connector 148 and its connection with the cable 12 to isolate the seawater and prevent leakage.
  • the buoy A is located outside the flexible insulating sleeve 150, and the insulating connecting rod 153 is drilled from a hole on the flexible insulating sleeve 150, and the hole needs to be sealed and waterproofed.
  • the floating bodies are arranged in a circular (for example, clock numbers) queue; in order to maintain the circular shape, part of the floating bodies are moored by the ground anchor 46 (star) in the queue
  • the generators G of the wave generators are all DC generators/alternators whose output is rectified.
  • all the wave generators are passed through the circuit (dotted line) Connected in series, but there is no direct electrical connection between the first generator G1 and the last generator G5 to form a total power source.
  • the output voltage at the open loop is equal to the sum of the voltages of the generators.
  • all floating bodies and rope control mechanism shells in this manual can be made of steel/glass reinforced plastic/high-density polyethylene/polyurea shell, such as Q235 material; all of this manual except for hydraulic systems, gravity anchors, electrical parts, generators, ropes, ropes, ropes, cables, fairlead rollers and parts that need to be deformed during work, steel materials, such as carbon steel (preferably Q235) or stainless steel; the roller on the fairlead can be made of nylon; the rope mentioned in this manual is used as the energy-collecting rope, and in some embodiments, the end of the piston rod is connected to the top of the rope control mechanism.
  • the rope can be made of high-strength, high-modulus materials, such as UHMWPE.
  • the connection of the rope/rope/rope/cable and other rigid parts in this manual can be in the form of a heart ring, which
  • the solenoid switch valve can be direct-acting/stepwise direct-acting/pilot-operated, preferably normally closed; accumulators (including third accumulators, high-pressure accumulators, and low-pressure accumulators It can adopt bladder type/piston type/diaphragm type/spring type, preferably piston type (belonging to gas-loaded type); hydraulic tubing can use steel wire or cloth clip, if the tubing is not moving, steel pipe can also be used; generator can be used Permanent magnet brushless DC or AC generators, hydraulic motors can adopt axial piston motors with end face distribution, swing cylinders adopt rack and pinion/vane/screw type, charge pumps can adopt cycloid pumps; cables adopt copper/ Aluminum cable.
  • the fuel tank mentioned in this manual and the drawings can be an open fuel tank, but because the floating body is swaying on the sea surface, in order to prevent the hydraulic oil from spilling out, a closed fuel tank can be used, inflatable and isolated, but the best one is Isolated.
  • the hydraulic motor mentioned in this manual can be an electro-hydraulic variable motor.
  • the single-chip microcomputer controls the displacement of the variable motor according to the voltage output by the generator, so as to achieve the basic stability of the motor and generator speed under different flow rates.
  • a quantitative hydraulic motor can also be used, but a transmission is inserted between the hydraulic motor and the generator; however, it is best to be electronically controlled variable speed.
  • the single-chip microcomputer controls the transmission ratio of the electronically controlled transmission according to the generator voltage. Affected by wave conditions, but by changing the transmission ratio, the generator speed remains stable.

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Abstract

一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，包括波浪能采集转换系统和预紧系统，该波浪能采集转换系统包括海面组件（129）、采能索（30）、水下之相对运动参照物（17），海面组件包括浮体（1）、相对浮体运动之构件（3、19）、液压系统及发电机（7），液压系统分为闭式循环/开式循环，单片机/PLC接收来自监测海面组件工作状态/所处波面状态的第二传感器（126）的信号，对预紧系统进行控制，以提高波高利用率。

Description

一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机 技术领域
本公开涉及一种波浪发电机，属于波浪发电领域。
背景技术
CN 107255060A、CN103104408A为最接近本发明的现有技术，但有波高利用损失问题。
发明内容
本公开的目的是提供一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，相对于之前技术能够预紧采能索。
本发明的技术方案：
一种浮力单向做功(利用波浪浮力的单向做功)的波浪发电机，包括波浪能采集转换系统(简称WECS)，该波浪能采集转换系统包括海面组件、采能索、水下之相对运动参照物；
所述海面组件是指：波浪能采集转换系统的，接近水面的、将波浪能采集转换成电能的最基本的那部分(不包括控绳装置)，包括浮体、相对浮体运动之构件、液压系统及发电机；海面组件分为单浮体弹簧复位型、单浮体压差复位型(A和B)和双浮体重力复位型(A和B)；
关于采能索的定义：连接所述“相对浮体运动之构件”与所述水下之相对运动参照物的细长的挠性传递拉力元件(如绳索/锁链/O形传动带，最好是超高分子聚乙烯绳缆)，承受脉冲拉力，是采集波浪能的关键传力部件；另外如果有控绳装置，则采能索为控绳装置的一部分，所述相对浮体运动之构件是通过控绳装置的采能索间接连接水下之相对运动参照物。
所述水下之相对运动参照物：是指为所述浮体提供相对运动参照的固体，如吊锚(悬吊在水中的重力锚)或海床上的重力锚，或插在海床上的摩擦桩/吸力锚。
所述相对浮体运动之构件：与浮体构成一对相对运动的机构，波浪浮力向上作用于浮体，而采能索拉力向下作用于该构件，以驱动连接二者的、液压系统的液压缸输出高压液压油。所述液压系统分为闭式循环/开式循环，闭式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀；开式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、油箱、准入单向阀：所述液压马达带动发电机发电。
关于几种已公开的WECS海面组件技术，请详见CN 107255060A。在本说明书中的具体实施方式里，也介绍了几类海面组件中的代表性实施例。
这里介绍一种新的WECS海面组件，属于单浮体压差复位B型，即有方案VIII：该海面组件具体结构为：一浮体，结构可理解为：一封闭壳体，中心贯穿一竖直的直管，然后去除直管内的壳体部分，形成一个中心有通孔的全封闭壳体；一倒L刚架的竖边为方管或细长方体的长直杆，该竖边从安装在所述通孔中的上下两个间隔一定距离的四滚柱导缆器中穿过，并且其四个侧面与所述四滚柱导缆器的四个滚柱分别一一紧贴，所述两个四滚柱导缆器也可替换为上下两段引导倒L刚架上下运动的导轨；倒L刚架的横边在所述浮体之上，该横边与一竖直/倾斜(最好是在倒L刚架所在的平面内倾斜)的柱塞缸的柱塞杆柄连接，该柱塞缸的缸体后端与所述浮体顶面连接，所述柱塞缸也可倒置连接，即：其柱塞缸缸体后端与所述倒L刚架的横边连接，其柱塞杆柄与所述浮体顶面连接；所述柱塞缸与其他构件(所述浮体/倒L刚架)的所述连接为固接/铰轴/耳环方式(如果柱塞缸是倾斜的，则不适用固定连接，即固 接，包括法兰连接/螺纹连接)；倒L刚架底端与所述采能索一端连接，该采能索另一端与所述水下之相对运动参照物连接；或所述倒L刚架底端先与控绳机构顶端连接，该控绳机构的采能索的底端与所述水下之相对运动参照物连接，所述倒L刚架与控绳机构顶端的连接方式为固接/活动连接(最好是挠性/万向连接，比如双锁环连接/十字万向连接)。
液压系统为闭式循环，循环路线是所述柱塞缸腔、准出单向阀(相对于柱塞缸)、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀(相对于柱塞缸)，所述液压马达带动发电机发电；优选的：所述柱塞缸的进出油口(非泄油处)所接的液压管从所述浮体顶盖钻入，钻入处要做密封处理，优选的：所述发电机以及除柱塞缸外的液压系统均在浮体腔内；
另外所述两导缆器/导轨中下面的那个，也可以安装在一竖立直筒内的底部。具体为：增加一竖立直筒，该直筒顶端与所述浮体底面固接，该直筒轴线与所述通孔轴线重合，该直筒内径大于所述通孔，或其内径小于所述通孔但其顶端固接一法兰，通过该法兰与所述浮体底面固接；所述的两个导缆器/导轨中的下面的那个，下移安装到所述直筒内的底部，而上面的那个导缆器/导轨安装在所述浮体通孔内的上部，以上内容为方案VIII。
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-1：在所述闭式液压系统中，串接一滤油器，该滤油器处于所述准入单向阀与所述低压蓄能器之间；对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-2：所述发电机为无刷永磁的交流或直流发电机；
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-3：所述马达为端面配流的轴向柱塞马达
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-4：所述柱塞缸缸体在下、柱塞杆朝上放置，所述柱塞缸的缸体顶端增加一个罩，该罩与所述柱塞缸缸体顶面之间形成一个收集柱塞杆出头处泄油的密封腔，所述柱塞杆从该腔顶面孔处的密封圈中穿出，一泄油管从所述密封腔中引出，然后向下延伸，从所述浮体顶盖钻入腔内，钻入处要做密封处理，不破坏浮体的全封闭性，所述泄油管最后进入所述一油箱；优选的：所述液压马达的泄油管也延伸进入到所述油箱；
对于方案VIII-4，优选的有方案VIII-4-1：一电动补油泵从所述油箱中抽取液压油，注入到所述闭式循环液压系统中。进一步优选的：注入位置为紧挨所述低压蓄能器的管路处。进一步优选的：所述电动补油泵采用电机驱动的摆线泵。
对于方案VIII-4-1，优选的：增加一单片机模块及附属供电电路，该单片机根据所述油箱的液位传感器或闭式循环液压系统的液压传感器发的数据，对所述电动补油泵进行启停控制。
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-5：所述浮体的结构为：轴线有通孔的圆柱体外形，全封闭壳体；进一步优选的，该浮体材质为钢制/高密度聚乙烯/聚氨酯/玻璃钢/聚脲。
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-6：所述柱塞杆外套防护罩(最好为软橡胶材质)，该防护罩一端与柱塞杆柄对接密封，另一端与所述柱塞缸缸体外侧对接密封；
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-7：所述倒L刚架、直筒是刚性构件；
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-8：所述直筒为圆管形，该直筒与所述浮体的固接为焊接/法兰式连接。
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-9：优选的：控绳装置的电缆从浮体腔内出发，向上从浮体顶面钻出，然后变为螺旋形状向上延伸，最后钻入一水平钢管，该钢管与倒L刚架竖边的侧面焊接且二者管腔相通，所述电缆沿所述钢管水平延伸，进入倒L刚架的竖边方管后向下延伸；如果倒L刚架与所述控绳机构顶面的连接是活动连接，则所述电缆从倒L刚架底端侧面钻出，最终进入控绳机架机壳内；如果所述倒L刚架与所述控绳机构机壳是固接，则所 述电缆可直接从所述倒L刚架底端出口进入所述控绳机架机壳内，但入口处要密封；或者，所述倒L刚架本身就是一倒L形方钢管，所述电缆改为从其横边管口进入，从竖边底端管口钻出，然后再进入所述控绳机构腔内。
本说明书中的各种海面组件可通过增设预紧系统，来提前预紧采能索、提高波高利用率，预紧系统有两大类，分别是外增蓄能器预紧方案和高压侧返流型预紧方案。
外增蓄能器预紧方案I：一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，包括波浪能采集转换系统，该波浪能采集转换系统包括海面组件、采能索、水下之相对运动参照物，所述海面组件为单浮体弹簧复位型/单浮体压差复位型/双浮体重力复位型，包括浮体、相对浮体运动之构件、液压系统及发电机；所述液压系统分为闭式/开式循环，闭式循环路线：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀；开式循环路线：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、油箱、准入单向阀；其特征在于：在所述液压系统的液压缸的进出油口处的液压管路上(也就是在所述液压缸与所述准出单向阀之间的管路上)再引出一条新液压支路，该新液压支路经过一电磁开关阀/电动开关阀，最终连接一第三蓄能器；单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/其所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀的开关动作进行控制；
所述电磁开关阀也可以替换为换向支路，具体为：一电磁两位四通阀，其工作状态为：P>>A,B>>T或P>>B,A>>T，增加一含第三单向阀的支路将B、A通口连接，形成B>>第三单向阀>>A支路，所述电磁两位四通阀的P、T口替换到所述电磁开关阀所连接处，所述单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁两位四通阀进行控制；
对于方案I，优选的有方案I-1：所述电磁开关阀为直动式/分步直动式/先导式；
对于方案I，优选的有方案I-2：所述第三蓄能器/高压蓄能器/低压蓄能器，为气囊式/活塞式/隔膜式/弹簧式。对于方案I，优选的有方案I-3：所述水下之相对运动参照物为吊锚，或海床上的重力锚/摩擦桩/吸力锚。
高压侧返流型预紧方案II：一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，包括波浪能采集转换系统，该波浪能采集转换系统包括海面组件、采能索、水下之相对运动参照物，所述海面组件为单浮体弹簧复位型/单浮体压差复位型/双浮体重力复位型，包括浮体、相对浮体运动之构件、液压系统及发电机，所述液压系统分为闭式循环/开式循环，闭式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀；开式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、油箱、准入单向阀；其特征在于：在所述液压系统的所述准出单向阀旁边，再并联一液压支路，该支路上设一电磁开关阀/电动开关阀，单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/其所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀的开关动作进行控制，所述电磁开关阀也可以替换为换向支路，具体为：一电磁两位四通阀，其工作状态为：P>>A,B>>T或P>>B,A>>T，增加一含第三单向阀的支路将B、A通口连接，形成B>>第三单向阀>>A支路，所述电磁两位四通阀的P、T口替换到所述电磁开关阀所连接处，所述单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁两位四通阀进行控制；以所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路为分界点，所述并联支路的近液压缸一段定义为前半段，近高压蓄能器一段定义为后半段。
对于方案II，优选的有方案II-1：所述电磁开关阀为直动式/分步直动式/先导式。
对于方案II，优选的有方案II-2：所述水下之相对运动参照物为吊锚，或海床上的重力锚/摩擦桩/吸力锚。对于方案II，优选的有方案II-3：所述高压蓄能器/低压蓄能器为气囊式/活塞式/隔膜式/弹簧式。
对于外增蓄能器预紧型方案I：优选的有方案III：在所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路之前或后的新液压支路上插入(所谓“插入”，是指串联式的接入，与该液压管路上的其他液压元件构成串联关系)一摆动缸/泵&马达(既能作为容积泵又可以作为容积马达)，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与飞轮轴连(所谓轴连是指二者的主轴是共轴的)，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与所述飞轮联动；
对于方案III，优选的有方案III-1：增加转速传感器，所述单片机/PLC根据该转速传感器监测到的飞轮转速情况，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀进行关闭控制；或在所述新液压支路上设一液压油的流向传感器/流量传感器/液压传感器，所述单片机/PLC根据该流向/流量传感器监测液压油的流向/流量的变化情况，或根据液压传感器监测到的液压变化情况，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀进行关闭控制；
对于方案III，优选的有方案III-2：所述摆动缸为叶片式/齿轮齿条式/螺旋式/杠杆式；
对于方案III，优选的有方案III-3：所述带式/齿轮/链式传动机构是给所述飞轮增速的。
对于方案III，优选的有方案III-4：所述泵&马达为采用端面配流的轴向柱塞泵或轴配流的径向柱塞马达。
对于高压侧返流型预紧方案II，优选的有方案IV：在所述并联支路的前半段或后半段上插入一摆动缸/泵&马达，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与飞轮轴连，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与飞轮联动；
对于方案IV，优选的有方案IV-1：所述摆动缸为叶片式/齿轮齿条式/螺旋式/杠杆式；
对于方案IV，优选的有方案IV-2：所述带式/齿轮/链式传动机构是给所述飞轮增速的；
对于方案IV，优选的有方案IV-3：所述摆动缸/泵&马达的插入位置位于并联支路的前半段，在所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路与所述摆动缸/泵&马达之间的液压管路上，再引出一条续流支路，该续流支路经一止逆阀与所述的液压系统的低压蓄能器/油箱连接，如果所述液压系统是闭式循环则为低压蓄能器，如果是开式循环，则为油箱；该止逆阀的导通方向为从所述低压蓄能器/油箱处流向所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路与所述摆动缸/泵&马达之间处；
对于方案IV，优选的有方案IV-4：所述摆动缸上安装有复位弹簧，该复位弹簧的复位力使得所述摆动缸上液压油流向是从近所述液压缸一端流向另一端。
对于方案IV，优选的有IV-5：所述泵&马达为采用端面配流的轴向柱塞泵或轴配流的径向柱塞马达；
对于方案I，优选的有方案V：在所述新液压支路上再插入一增压缸；
对于方案V，优选的有方案V-1：在所述新液压支路上再插入一摆动缸/泵&马达，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与飞轮轴连，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与飞轮联动。
对于方案II，优选的有方案VI：在所述并联支路上再插入一增压缸；
对于方案VI，优选的有方案VI-1：所述增压缸上的近液压缸一侧的有效工作面积大于其近高压蓄能器一侧；
对于方案VI-1，优选的有方案VI-2：在所述并联支路上再插入一摆动缸/泵&马达，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与飞轮轴连，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与飞轮联动。
对于方案VI-2，进一步优选的：增加监测所述飞轮的转速传感器，或在所述并联支路上插入一流向/流量传感器，或在所述液压缸与摆动缸/泵&马达之间的插入一液压传感器，单片机/PLC根据所述转速/流向/流量/液压传感器，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路进行关闭控制。
对于方案I或II，优选的有方案VII：所述第二传感器有如下几种：
1)测距传感器：安装在浮体上，监测与采能索联动的构件(不限于所述的相对浮体运动之构件)与浮体顶面的距离变化；优选的：该传感器安装在浮体顶面，被监测的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；优选的：所述测距传感器为激光式/超声波式/红外线式；
2)直线位移传感器：包括两个可相对直线运动的部件，一个部件连接到浮体，另一个部件连接到与采能索联动的构件上；优选的：所述的一个部件连接到浮体顶面，被另一个部件连接到的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；优选的：所述直线位移传感器为拉绳式/拉杆式；
3)直线速度传感器：包括两个可相对直线运动的部件，一个部件连接到浮体，另一个部件连接到与采能索联动的构件上；优选的：所述的第一个部件连接的是浮体顶面，所述的第二个部件所连接的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；
4)加速度传感器：安装在浮体上，测量所述浮体的运动加速度；
5)吃水传感器：安装在所述浮体外底面的水压传感器，监测浮体的吃水多少；
6)拉力传感器：串联的接入(拉力传感器替换掉采能索的某段，或者是与采能索构成串联关系)到所述采能索上，以监测该采能索的拉力；
7)液压传感器：安装在所述液压缸进出油口处的液压管路上，监测进出油口处的液压；
8)流量传感器：安装在所述液压缸进出油口处的液压管路上，监测进出油口处的流量；
对于方案VII，优选的有方案VII-1：所述单片机/PLC通过无线通讯模块从外界接收另外的波况数据/人工设置的参数/指令。
这里还介绍了吊锚技术的衍生方案，吊锚即被悬吊在水中的重力锚，祥见专利申请CN107255060A，这里简单介绍一下吊锚方案，如下：
1)直连吊锚：相隔一定距离系泊的海面上两浮标分别系一根缆绳，这两根缆绳的另一端连接到WECS的水下之相对运动参照物即重力锚上，并将其悬吊在水中，WECS的浮体处于所述两浮标中间位置；
2)滑轮吊锚：一根缆绳的两端分别系在相隔一定距离系泊的海面上两浮标上，这根缆绳的中部绕过一个靠近WECS的水下之相对运动参照物即重力锚的滑轮，该滑轮的滑轮架底端与所述重力锚顶面连接，所述缆绳将该重力锚悬吊在水中，从上方下来的本来要连接重力锚的采能索，改为连接到所述滑轮架顶端，WECS的浮体处于所述两浮标的中间位置。
3)双索道吊锚：WECS的水下之相对运动参照物即重力锚是平放的长方体，该重力锚顶面四顶点分别安装一滑轮，这样重力锚顶面的两对边各有两滑轮，每个对边的滑轮(两个)各在一根索道上滚动，两根索道在重力锚左侧合为一股，并绕一滑轮，该滑轮的滑轮架与左侧用于悬吊重力锚的缆绳连接，同样右侧也是这样，左右对称。两侧滑轮将浮标对缆绳上的 拉力均分到两索道上，两索道对其所穿过的、安装在重力锚顶点的滑轮提供向上拉力，从而将重力锚悬吊在水中。
4)侧绕吊锚：WECS的水下之相对运动参照物即重力锚为平放的长方体，该重力锚前后两侧面上部各安装一导缆器，在重力锚的右侧两竖直棱边上安装两导向滑轮，缆绳依次穿过后导缆器、绕过右后棱边的导向滑轮、右前棱边的导向滑轮、穿过前导缆器，两导缆器及两导向滑轮与重力锚顶面距离相等。悬吊缆绳相当于从重力锚一侧绕过，力作用点是在两侧的导缆器上。很显然，借助于导缆器、导向滑轮，该重力锚可以沿所述缆绳滑动。
5)担架吊锚：两根硬直杆平行、端面对齐的分别穿过WECS的水下之相对运动参照物(即重力锚)上的两个相隔一定距离的贯穿横向通孔，两根硬直杆的左端与一钢架固接，两根硬直杆的右端与另一钢架固接，两侧的悬吊缆绳分别通过V形绳索与两侧钢架连接，即V形绳索的两个顶点连接钢架两端，V形绳索的底端连接悬吊缆绳。两侧的悬吊缆绳对两根硬直杆提供了向上的拉力，硬直杆则给与重力锚向上的托举力，类似担架，该重力锚可以以硬直杆做导轨左右滑动。
上面3)、4)、5)三种吊锚方案，所述重力锚两侧的悬吊缆绳的另一端分别连接水面上的相隔一定距离系泊的两浮标，而波浪发电机的浮体则处于在两浮标中间。
优选的：以上各种吊锚方案，所述浮体分别与其左右两侧的所述两浮标之间都用绳子连接。进一步优选的：在所述绳子中间系上重块，或绳子中段串接一拉簧，以提供缓冲。
以上即为吊锚方案IX。另外，所述重力锚的湿重(即在水中的净重，即其所受重力减去所受浮力)最好大于WECS做功时向上的拉力；两浮标的最大可提供浮力最好大于重力锚湿重，最好有足够的冗余储备浮力。
对于吊锚方案IX，优选的有方案IX-1：悬吊的重力锚底部与一水平放置的阻尼板固接，所述重力锚位置处于所述阻尼板的中央上方处；
对于吊锚方案，优选的有方案IX-2：悬吊重力锚的缆绳中段用一拉簧代替。进一步优选的：如所述吊锚为直连吊锚/担架吊锚，则两侧的悬吊缆绳上均串接有拉簧(最好两个弹性系数一样)。
对于吊锚方案，优选的有方案IX-3：悬吊重力锚的所述浮标为细长胶囊外形，轴线竖立，所述悬吊缆绳连接在该胶囊形浮标的底端中心。
这里还介绍了一种基于水面浮体队列的电力传输方案X：海面上现有一列漂浮体，该队列首尾的漂浮体被系泊，该队列中，相邻漂浮体之间用绳子连接，也就是说整列漂浮体被多根绳子串联成一串；队列中，有的漂浮体为波浪发电机的浮体，该波浪发电机的发电机引出来的电路钻出其浮体后，附在所述绳子上并沿其延伸。
对于电力传输方案X优选的有方案X-1：所述电路的一部分为一段电缆，该电缆被多个间隔开来的细绳宽松的拴在所述绳子上，或该电缆螺旋的缠绕在所述绳子，或该电缆为套在所述绳子上的螺旋电缆。
对于电力传输方案X，优选的有方案X-2：所述电路在钻出所述浮体处通过了旋转/万向节/球铰式电路连接器；具体为：作为所述电路的一部分，由所述发电机的其中一个电极引出来的单芯电缆，连接一旋转/万向节/球铰式电路连接器的一个接线端(A端)，该接线端固定在所述浮体外壳上(如果浮体外壳导电，则A端应与浮体外壳间绝缘，例如可以绝缘垫片隔开A端与浮体外壳，用螺栓固定A端时，用绝缘垫片隔开螺栓螺母与A端)，而该电路连接 器的另一接线端(B端)在浮体外部，并连接一沿所述绳子延伸的单芯电缆(即所述电路的另一部分)的一端。优选的：用半球形柔性绝缘罩将所述电路连接器、及其与所述电缆连接处密封在所述浮体外壳上，以避免接触海水，连接B端的电缆从所述柔性绝缘罩上的孔钻入，该孔处要密封。进一步优选的：所述绳子在所述半球形柔性绝缘罩外，并与绝缘连杆的一端连接，该绝缘连杆的另一端从所述绝缘罩上的孔钻入，并与所述B端连接，该孔处要密封。
对于电力传输方案X，优选的有方案X-3：所述绳子中间设有重块，所述电路延伸途中通过该处的旋转/万向节/球铰式电路连接器，有两种设计方案：
1)某条所述漂浮体之间的绳子中间某点作为系点，通过短绳/锁链/连杆连接所述重块；所述电路连接器的一个接线端通过固定架固定在所述系点左侧的所述绳子上，并连接左侧的一段单芯的电缆(所述电路的一部分)，其另一接线端通过另一固定架固定到所述系点右侧的所述绳子上，并连接右侧的一段单芯的电缆(所述电路的一部分)；通过所述系点且垂直于该系点两侧绳子所在的平面作一直线，该直线应与所述旋转式电路连接器的公共轴线重合，或与万向/球铰式电路连接器的中心重合。优选的：用一柔性绝缘套将所述电路连接器及与所述电缆连接处整个包裹并密封住，以防水防漏电，所述固定架为绝缘的，所述固定架、所述电缆在从所述柔性绝缘套上的孔处钻出，该孔处要做密封处理。
2)某条所述漂浮体之间的所述绳子在中间断开，断开后形成的两个端点分别连接所述电路连接器的两个接线端，这两个接线端分别连接其左右两侧的单芯电缆(所述电路的一部分)，所述电路连接器可以是旋转式的，其公共轴与所述重块连接；或者所述电路连接器是十字万向节式，其十字架的其中一个端点(四选一)连接所述重块；或所述电路连接器是球笼万向节式，该万向节的钟形罩外表面上连接所述重块；或者所述电路连接器是球铰式，该球铰的球座外表面上连接所述重块。
优选的：用一柔性绝缘套(如橡胶套)将所述电路连接器以及其与所述电缆的连接处密封起来，以隔绝海水和防止漏电；所述绳子是通过绝缘连杆来连接所述接线端的，具体为：所述绳子在所述柔性绝缘套外，并连接到所述绝缘连杆一端，该绝缘连杆另一端从所述柔性绝缘套上的孔钻入其内，并连接到所述接线端上，所述孔处要密封；所述重块可位于所述柔性绝缘套内，其通过短绳/锁链/连杆与所述公共轴/十字架端点/钟形罩外表面/球座外表面连接，或直接连接；所述重块也可位于所述柔性绝缘套外，该重块与一绝缘连杆的一端连接，该绝缘连杆另一端从所述柔性绝缘套上的孔处钻入，并与所述公共轴/十字架端点/钟形罩外表面/球座外表面连接，所述孔处要做密封防水处理。
补充一下，本说明书提到的旋转电路连接器(其插头和插座可绕公共轴转动并保持电路连接)市场上有，所述的万向节(包括十字万向式和球笼式)/球铰式电路连接器，其结构与机械领域的万向节/球铰一样，只是材料一定是导体，电流可从一端流向另一端。
对于方案X，优选的有方案X-4：所述漂浮体中的某个，不是波浪发电机的浮体，在此命名为浮标，所述电路经过该浮标的方式有三种：
1)所述浮标左右两侧各安装一个旋转/万向节/球铰式电路连接器；左右两侧的电路连接器的安装方法一样，拿一侧的来做说明，具体为：所述电路连接器的一个接线端(A端)固定在所述浮标外壳上(如果浮标外壳导电，则A端应与浮标外壳间绝缘，例如可以绝缘垫片隔开A端与浮标外壳，用螺栓固定A端时，用绝缘垫片隔开螺栓螺母与A端)，该电路连接器的另一接线端(B端)在所述浮标外部，并连接该侧的沿所述绳子延伸的单芯电缆(即所 述电路的一部分)的一端；另外再增加一根单芯电缆将所述的两个电路连接器的A端连接。
优选的：用半球形柔性绝缘罩将所述电路连接器、及其与所述单芯电缆连接处密封在所述浮标外壳上，以避免接触海水，连接B端的电缆从所述柔性绝缘罩上的孔钻入，该孔处要密封；进一步优选的：所述绳子是通过绝缘连杆来连接所述浮标的，具体为：所述绳子在所述半球形柔性绝缘罩外，并连接所述绝缘连杆的一端，该绝缘连杆的另一端从所述绝缘罩上的孔钻入，并与所述电路连接器的B端连接，该孔处要密封。
2)所述电路延伸途中通过了所述浮标处的旋转/万向节/球铰式电路连接器，具体为：浮体左右两侧的所述绳子先端部连接在一起，该连接点，命名为系点，所述浮标底部与该系点连接；所述电路连接器的一个接线端通过固定架固定在所述系点左侧的所述绳子上，并连接左侧的一段单芯的电缆(所述电路的一部分)，其另一接线端通过另一固定架固定到所述系点右侧的所述绳子上，并连接右侧的一段单芯电缆(所述电路的一部分)；通过所述系点且垂直于该系点两侧绳子所在的平面作一直线，该直线应与所述旋转式电路连接器的公共轴线重合，或与万向/球铰式电路连接器的中心重合。
优选的：用一柔性绝缘套将所述电路连接器，以及其与所述电缆连接处整个包裹并密封住，以防水防漏电，所述固定架为绝缘的，所述固定架、所述电缆在从所述柔性绝缘套上的钻出的孔处要做密封处理。
3)所述电路延伸途中通过了所述浮标处的旋转/万向节/球铰式电路连接器，具体为：所述浮标左侧的所述绳子与左侧的单芯电缆(所述电路的一部分)均连接到所述电路连接器的一个接线端上，所述浮标右侧的所述绳子与右侧的单芯电缆(所述电路的一部分)均连接到所述电路连接器的另一个接线端上；所述电路连接器可以是旋转式的，其公共轴与所述浮标连接；或者所述电路连接器是十字万向节式，其十字架的其中一个端点与所述浮标连接；或所述电路连接器是球笼万向节式，该万向节的钟形罩外表面上与所述浮标连接；或者所述电路连接器是球铰式，该球铰的球座外表面上与所述浮标连接。
优选的：用一柔性绝缘套(如橡胶套)将所述电路连接器，以及其与所述电缆的连接处密封起来，以隔绝海水和防止漏电。所述绳子是通过绝缘连杆连接所述接线端的，具体为所述绳子端点在所述柔性绝缘套外，并连接所述绝缘连杆一端，该绝缘连杆另一端从所述柔性绝缘套上的孔钻入其内，并连接在所述接线端上，所述孔处要密封；所述浮标可位于所述柔性绝缘套内，其通过短绳/锁链/连杆与所述公共轴/十字架端点/钟形罩外表面/球座外表面连接，或直接连接；所述浮标也可位于所述柔性绝缘套外，并与一绝缘连杆的一端连接，该绝缘连杆另一端从所述柔性绝缘套上的孔处钻入，并与所述公共轴/十字架端点/钟形罩外表面/球座外表面连接，所述孔处要做密封防水处理。
对于方案X，优选的有方案X-5：所述漂浮体队列，排成环形(如钟表刻度)队列；为保持环形，其中部分漂浮体被锚系泊，队列中有多个(≥3)波浪发电机的浮体，所述波浪发电机的发电机均为直流发电机，或者是输出经过整流的交流发电机，而且所述发电机的正负极输出电路分别向两个相反的方向从浮体内引钻出，并继续沿各自方向沿所述绳子延伸，按所述队列次序将波浪发电机的发电机通过所述电路串联起来，但第一个和最后一个波浪发电机的发电机之间不做直接连接，这样便形成一个总电源，输出电压等于各发电机的电压之和。
该方案优点是：所述电路可采用单芯电缆，能量汇总简单，自动升压，成本低。对于X-5，优选的：所述漂浮体之间的绳子中间安装有重块，所述电路在经过所述绳子中间所系的所述 重块处时，采用X-3，所述电路沿所述绳子延伸时，采用方案X-1，所述电路从发电机到浮体外则采用方案X-2，所述电路在经过所述浮标时，则采用方案X-4。
方案X、X-1、X-2、X-3、X-4、X-5可根据需要随意组合使用，方案X及其从属方案(X-1、X-2等)适用于本说明书提到的各种波浪发电机。
本发明具有以下优点：
1)本发明的倒L型WECS波浪能采集转换组件，结构简单，易拆装、维护方便，倒L刚架与控绳机构顶端采用挠性/万向节的连接方式，可减少采能索的磨损。
2)本发明的外增蓄能器型预紧方案和高压侧返流型预紧方案使得在波谷的时候，能够主动预紧采能索，从而增加浮体吃水，有利于提高波高利用率。而对于外增蓄能器型预紧方案以及有些高压侧返流型预紧方案，还可以使得浮体在波峰的时候，能够利用残存净浮力做功，进一步提高波能利用效率。
3)本发明的对于吊锚技术的附加设计，如胶囊状浮标、在悬吊重力锚的缆绳中引入拉簧以及吊锚下方固接阻尼板的方案使得波浪发电机在保留了重力锚可随浮体偏移的性能、减少采能索长度等优点外，还能够使得重力锚比较稳定，减少波浪发电机浮体与重力锚之间相对运动幅度的变异量，从而有利于外增蓄能器型预紧方案和高压侧返流型预紧方案对WECS工作状态的判断。
4)波浪发电机的电力传输方案中，电缆通过间隔开来的多根细绳宽松的拴在所述绳子上、或螺旋缠绕在绳子上，或采用螺旋电缆的方案，保护了电缆能够适应绳子的伸缩，并且在海水冲击该电缆时，所述绳子能够提供支持力从而避免电缆被冲断。所述电缆延伸途中通过的旋转/万向节/球铰式电路连接器，避免了电缆的频繁弯曲导致的断裂；而波浪发电机的环形阵列串联方案，使得多个发电机的电能可采用单芯电缆汇总，省去了增压站，成本低。
附图说明
图1：单浮体弹簧复位型WECS结构图图2：单浮体压差复位A型WECS结构图
图3：单浮体压差复位B型WECS结构图(含高压侧返流基本型预紧系统)
图3A：换向支路示意图图3B：图3中的电磁开关阀替换为换向支路后的控制时序表
图4：单浮体压差复位B型WECS结构图(含方管)
图5：双浮体重力复位A型WECS结构图图6：双浮体重力复位B型WECS结构图
图7：外增蓄能器基本型预紧方案应用于单浮体压差B型WECS示意图(倒L型)
图7A：高压侧返流型预紧方案(增压缸+电磁开关阀)图7B：图7A的控制时序表
图7C：高压侧返流型预紧方案(增压缸+摆动缸+电磁开关阀)
图7D：图7C的控制时序表
图8：预紧系统电气部分各元件功能关系图图9：预紧系统电气部分电路图
图10：外增蓄能器基本型预紧系统的单片机流程图
图11A：高压侧返流基本型预紧系统的单片机流程图(基本型)
图11B：高压侧返流型预紧系统的单片机流程图(含摆动缸+飞轮+续流支路)
图12：预紧系统的应用效果示意图
图13：外增蓄能器型预紧方案(齿轮齿条式摆动缸+转速传感器)
图14：高压侧返流型预紧系统(带式传动+续流支路)
图15：外增蓄能器型预紧系统(开式循环)图16：高压侧返流型预紧系统(续流支路)
图17：一列多波浪发电机工作时采用吊锚示意图(加了阻尼板或拉簧)
图18：吊锚系统与发电机串联结合的示意图(浮体间螺旋电缆+旋转/球铰式电路连接器)
图19：浮体壳上的十字万向节电路连接器安装示意图
图20：重块处的电路通过球铰式电路连接器结构示意图
图20A：重块处的电路通过旋转式电路连接器结构示意图
图20B：波浪发电机环形队列实现电能汇总
图21：外增蓄能器型预紧系统(换向支路)  图21A：图3的控制时序表
图22：外增蓄能器型预紧系统(换向支路+增压缸)  图22A：图22的控制时序表
图23：高压侧返流型预紧系统(换向支路+泵&马达)  图23A：图23的控制时序表
图24：外增蓄能器型预紧系统(换向支路+摆动缸)  图24A：图24的控制时序表
图25：高压侧返流型预紧系统(增压缸+换向支路)  图25A：图25的控制时序表 图26：高压侧返流型预紧系统(增压缸+泵&马达+换向支路)  图26A：图26控制时序表 1-浮体-钢制/玻璃钢/高密度聚乙烯/聚脲外壳；2-液压缸-活塞缸或柱塞缸；3-活塞杆或柱塞杆；4-高压蓄能器；5-滤油器；6-液压马达；7-发电机；8-低压蓄能器；10-防护罩：波纹管形状的可伸缩的橡胶管；11-导缆器：四滚柱式导缆器，一对相互轴线平行、端面对齐，但有间隙的滚柱成一组，两组轴线互相垂直叠放但不接触的安装在一支架上，滚柱可自由旋转，被导向物从每组滚柱间隙通过；因为滚柱是圆柱体，所以也可引导方钢或方管的运动；12-电缆：外包绝缘皮的单芯，例如软线RV或硬线BV；13-控绳机构的外壳：也是控绳机构的机架的一部分；17-重力锚；18-配重：比重大于水，其重力作为收绳动力；19-倒L刚架：Г形刚体，横边为管/杆，竖的那一边为细长方体或为方管，材料可选择碳钢/不锈钢/铝合金，例如Q235；20-双滚轮导缆钳；21-主绳缆；22-锁链；24-绳索；27-活塞；30-采能索；33-拉簧；35-液压管；44-绳子；46-抓地锚；47-齿轮；49-短绳；50-复位索51-重块：比重大于水；56-滑轮；57-缆绳；58-锚链；59-浮标：海面上的漂浮体，可提供一定浮力；62-滑轮架；63-直筒：内径比较大的笔直的管；材质可为碳钢/不锈钢/铝合金/玻璃钢；68-三脚架；三根钢杆一端固接在一起，它们的另一端均等角度的叉分开，类似相机的三脚架；69-浮体上盖；71-钢管；72-油箱；73-补油泵；76-第三绳子；79-控绳机构；80-环状浮体：轴线有通孔的柱体外形的空心壳体，其轴线的旋转剖面是矩形；81-立柱；82-导向滚轮：形同固定式脚轮，通过滚动引导构件运动方向。83-П支架：钢制П形状，或为与OPT公司的Powerbuoy一样的三腿架，即平放的Y形横梁的每个端点向下伸出腿，形成3腿结构的支架；84-挠性/万向连接：可以是锁链/绳，或双锁环(互相套住的一对环，两个环分别与欲连接的两构件固接)，或十字万向节，或球铰等连接方式；允许互相连接的两部件有一定角度变化的连接方式。86-导轨；88-刚架：刚体框架，优选的采用碳钢/不锈钢/铝合金材料；89-垫块；94-齿条；97-阻尼板；限位用；104-第二拉簧；106-限位块：突出固体，避免其所固接的构件的运动超过设计行程；108-方管；111-矩形钢架：竖立安装的长方形钢架；113-方钢；114-凸耳；115-泄油管；116-橡胶管；121-螺旋电缆：像拉簧，可弹性伸缩；122-电磁开关阀：也可替代为反应迅速的电动开关阀；123-飞轮：转动惯量大的转轮；124-带式传动；125-摆动缸；126-第二传感器；127-泵&马达；128-第三蓄能器；129-海面组件；138-柱塞缸；139-活塞缸；140-波浪表面；141-复位弹簧；143-海底；144-液位传感器；145-转速传感器；146-无线数据发送模块；147-增 压缸；148-旋转式电路连接器：其插头和插座可绕公共轴转动，并能保持电路连接；149-球铰式电路连接器：材料为导体(比如铜/铝)；150-柔性绝缘套/罩：薄，密封用；151-十字万向节；152-浮体外壳；153-绝缘连杆：(例如棒状绝缘子)；154-固定架；155-细绳；
具体实施方式
下面结合附图来进一步进行说明，这里的所有实施方式都是为了帮助理解本发明的代表性个例，并非唯一形式，不旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
节I：本发明的利用波浪浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，是在波浪上升时利用波浪浮力做功发电，而在波浪下落时复位，核心是波浪能采集转换系统，即Wave Energy Convert System简称WECS(不含控绳装置)，其包括海面组件、采能索、水下之相对运动参照物(如重力锚/吊锚/真空吸力锚/桩)，所述海面组件是指波浪发电机靠近海面的那一部分，是将相对运动转换成电能的部分,包括浮体、相对浮体运动之构件、液压系统及发电机，所述相对浮体运动之构件通过采能索与所述水下之相对运动参照物连接，或通过控绳装置的采能索连接。
节IIA：上述波浪能采集转换系统按照液压缸的复位形式不同，包括单浮体弹簧复位型、单浮体压差复位型和双浮体重力复位型。单浮体压差复位型WECS，分为两种，采用活塞缸的A型(工作时，液压缸受拉)和采用柱塞缸的B型(工作时，液压缸受压)。
图1中的WECS的单浮体弹簧复位型海面组件参考自CN 103104408A的图6，结构为：一单作用活塞缸2缸体安装在浮体1腔内的底部，其活塞杆向下方伸出到浮体外，一根绳索24一端连接单作用活塞缸的活塞杆3柄，另一端向下延伸穿过安装在浮体1下方的导缆器11后，连接控绳机构79(本说明书，暂只讨论控绳机构为机架在上采能索在下的这种)的顶端，控绳机构79的采能索30底端连接重力锚。液压循环是：单作用活塞缸的有杆腔、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、油箱、准入单向阀，所述液压马达带动发电机发电。单作用活塞缸2上安装有复位拉簧33。原理参见CN 103104408A。
图2的单浮体压差复位A型WECS参考自CN107255060A的图12，本图的浮体1的结构可以是：一封闭壳体，中心贯穿一竖直管，去除直管管内的壳体部分后形成一个中心有贯穿孔的全封闭壳体，也可以看成是一矩形绕一轴旋转出来的薄壁空壳结构(本说明书叫方截面游泳圈结构)，该轴平行于该矩形的一条边且与该矩形有一定距离；所述浮体1下方与一竖立的直筒63的顶端固接，且设备舱的通孔轴线与该竖直筒63的轴线重合，在该竖直筒63内的底部安装有导缆器11，一个三脚架68的三个底脚(只画了2个)固定在浮体顶面上，该三脚架68的顶端处在所述贯穿孔的正上方，该三脚架顶端通过锁链22连接一单作用液压缸2的缸体顶端，该单作用液压缸2的活塞杆柄所连接的绳索24(也可以替换为锁链)先后从浮体中心孔、导缆器11中穿过，最后连接到控绳装置机架的外壳79顶面上；发电机及除单作用液压缸2外的液压系统均在浮体1腔内(本说明书中虚线圆角矩形框内的内容其实际所在位置用箭头标出)；
液压系统为闭式循环，循环路线是单作用活塞缸有杆腔、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀，液压马达带动发电机发电。原理参加CN107255060A。
节IIB：图3是单浮体压差复位B型WECS参考自CN107255060A，包括柱塞缸138、浮体1、导缆器11，具体为：浮体1为方截面游泳圈结构；柱塞缸138缸体在下柱塞杆3在上竖立，柱塞缸138缸体末端固定在浮体1顶面孔处附近，柱塞缸138的柱塞杆3顶端与一矩形钢架111的顶边中心连接，柱塞缸138及其柱塞杆3一直处于该矩形钢架111四边包围 中，该矩形钢架111两竖立的边框及底边框与浮体1顶面及中心孔壁始终保持不接触，该矩形钢架111底边中心与一绳索24的顶端连接，该绳索24的另一端先后穿过所述浮体1的竖直中心孔、安装在所述浮体中心孔下方的导缆器11后，向下延伸连接控绳机构79。
液压系统为闭式循环，循环路线是单作用柱塞缸腔、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀，液压马达带动发电机发电。原理参见CN107255060A。
柱塞缸138底端的进出油口所连接的液压管35从所述浮体1顶盖钻入。
前述中，所述柱塞缸138缸体底端也可通过凸耳/铰轴/耳环方式与所述浮体1顶面孔处附近连接，但如果所述柱塞缸138在某方向上没有约束可倾倒或矩形钢架111的竖直边框可向某水平方向移动无约束，则该竖直边框上的，与所述无约束自由度方向垂直的两个相对侧面上应增加导向滚轮组，该导向滚轮组的支架安装在所述浮体1顶面上，该导向滚轮组为一对轴线平行且端面对齐相隔一定距离的同样两个圆柱形滚轮，分别紧贴在所述矩形钢架111的竖直边框相对两侧面上，将该竖直边框夹在两圆柱滚轮之间。该导向滚轮组限制了矩形钢架111在该自由度方向上的水平摆动，使得矩形钢架111与柱塞缸138的轴截面始终重合，避免柱塞缸138的倾倒，图4中矩形钢架的两竖直边框(即方钢113)同时受到垂直纸面和横向两个方向上的导向滚轮组82的引导。
前述中、图1、图2、图3、中的绳索24+导缆器11均可替换为方管+双导缆器，具体为：图1中，方管+双导缆器可替代其中的绳索24+导绳器11，其中的液压缸的活塞杆3底端与方管顶端连接，该方管穿过安装在浮体1底部的两个间隔一定竖向距离的导缆器，该方管底端再去连接一控绳机架79；图2中：单杆活塞缸2下方伸出的活塞杆3底端改为与一竖直的方管顶端连接(固接/活动连接)，该方管穿过安装在所述浮体1底部的上下两个间隔一定竖向距离的导缆器，该方管底端与控绳机构顶面连接；图4，所述矩形钢架111底边框改为与一竖直的方管108连接(固接/活动连接)，该方管108穿过安装在所述浮体1底部的上下两个导缆器11，该方管108底端与控绳机构79顶面连接；以上各替换例中，导缆器11的四个滚柱与方管108的四个侧面一一紧贴，导缆器充当导轨引导方钢上下运动。
节III：另一种绳控液压缸WECS是双浮体重力复位型WECS，分为A型和B型，A型(见图5)的结构是：一空心立柱81(圆柱形)，竖直放置，顶端开口底端封闭，一环状浮体80套在立柱81上，且环状浮体80内壁与立柱81侧面存有一定间隙，环状浮体80顶面固定着竖立的П支架83/(或三腿架)，П支架83/三腿架的竖直中心线与立柱81轴线重合，一竖立的单作用活塞缸2的活塞杆柄与П支架83(或三腿架)横梁底面中心挠性/万向连接84，单作用活塞缸2的缸体末端与立柱81腔内底面可采用挠性/万向连接，也采用锁链22+垫块89连接(实际属于挠性连接的一种)。
液压系统循环路线是：油箱72、准入单向阀、所述单作用活塞缸的有杆腔、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达，液压马达带动发电机发电；
优选的：如果立柱81直径太小浮力不足，则立柱81的底端可固接一圆柱形/椭球形的水下浮力舱52以增大浮力，二者中心线重合。优选的：立柱81，或水下浮力舱52底端与一竖直杆/竖直筒63的顶端固接，且二者中心线重合；立柱81+水下浮力舱52+竖直杆/竖直筒63，是一个固接在一起的整体，为立柱总体。立柱总体的底端连接控绳装置79。
液压系统安装在立柱81内或水下浮力舱52内。
第二种，双浮体重力复位B型WECS，以图6做说明，与A型的结构大部分一样，只是 图6中的液压缸2是活塞缸缸体在上活塞杆在下，另外环状浮体80上下沿导轨86运动，另外不同的是：立柱总体+控绳机构79的整体可以不必保持足够净浮力，甚至比重可以大于水，但增加了滑轮重块机构。具体为：滑轮56的滑轮架与环状浮体80底面连接，一根第三绳子76一端连接一重块51，另一端向上延伸，绕过所述滑轮56后又向下延伸，最后系在立柱81总体上(图中只画了单侧滑轮56+第三绳子76，实际应为2组滑轮+绳子，且关于立柱轴线对称)。控绳装置79顶端与立柱总体的底端连接。液压系统与双浮体重力复位A型一样，只是大部分安装在环状浮体80腔内。
双浮体重力复位型A型和B型WECS的原理参见CN107255060A。
图1中的活塞杆3、图2中的活塞杆3、图3中的矩形刚架111、图4中的方管108、图5中的立柱总体(81+52+63)、图6中的立柱总体(81+53)，这些都是相对浮体运动之构件，它们的底端(对于矩形刚架是底边中心)也可以不连接控绳机构，而是直接连接一根采能索的顶端，通过这根采能索连接各自的重力锚，省掉了控绳装置后，WECS也是可以利用波浪能发电，只是失去了调节海面组件与水下重力锚之间距离的能力。
节IV：倒L型WECS，确切来说，属于单浮体压差B型，图7，倒L型WECS的海面组件包括浮体1、倒L刚架19、闭式液压系统、充当导轨作用的上下两个导缆器11。所述浮体1，其结构为轴线有通孔的圆柱体外形的全封闭空心壳体，其轴线的旋转剖面是矩形；一方管截面的倒L刚架19，其竖边从上下两个间隔一定距离的四滚柱导缆器11中穿过，其中上面的导缆器安装在通孔中的上端，下面的那个导缆器安装在一直筒63内的底部，该直筒63竖立，且顶端固定在浮体的底部，直筒63的内径大于(也可小于、等于)浮体上的通孔，且中心轴线与所述浮体的通孔轴线重合；所述倒L刚架的竖边的四个侧面分别与所述两个导缆器的四个滚柱一一紧贴。导缆器的作用如同引导倒L刚架19上下运动的导轨。这里的直筒63相当于支架，当然也可没有直筒63，下面的那个导缆器11安装在浮体1通孔中的底部。
倒L刚架19的横边末端与一竖直的柱塞缸的柱塞杆3的末端连接，可采用固接/铰轴/耳环方式，该柱塞缸138的后端与浮体1顶面连接，可采用固接/铰轴/耳环方式，当然，柱塞缸138也可以倒置，分别与倒L刚架横边末端和浮体1顶面连接；所述柱塞缸138也可有一定倾斜度，最好是在倒L刚架所在平面内；效果是：倒L刚架向下压液压缸时，做功末期比初期可驱动更高的液压缸内的压力，因为随着倒L刚架的下降，柱塞缸138的倾斜度会增大，压缩柱塞缸138在竖直方向上所需的分力减少，这样有利于更充分的利用波浪上升时，浮体1所受的剩余净浮力，当然对于柱塞缸138倾斜安装这种情况，其与倒L刚架和浮体1顶部的连接都不能采用固接方式。
优选的：倒L刚架19底端与控绳机构79的机壳连接，采用挠性/万向连接，好处是，控绳机构79的机壳可以跟随采能索30的摆动而摆动，可以减少采能索30在控绳机构79上的导缆器11的压力，当采能索30在沿该导缆器底层的那一对滚柱的轴向摆动时，借助于控绳机构79的跟随运动性，可以大大减少采能索30在导缆器11上的磨损，优选的所述挠性/万向连接为十字万向节/双锁环连接，可阻止控绳机构79的转动，避免采能索与复位索的缠绕。
优选的：限位块106固定在倒L刚架的竖边上部，在柱塞杆3向下运动接近柱塞缸138底部时，限位块106先与浮体1顶面碰撞，从而保护柱塞缸138。
液压系统为闭式循环，循环路线是所述柱塞缸腔、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀、柱塞缸腔，所述液压马达带动发电机发电；柱塞缸138底端的进 出油口所接的液压管从所述浮体顶盖钻入，钻入处要做密封处理，发电机以及除柱塞缸外的液压系统均在浮体腔内。
原理：与前述的单浮体压差复位B型的原理基本一样，在液压缸138的工作没有超出行程、不触发控绳装置的情况下，浮体1随波起伏，而倒L刚架底端与重力锚之间的绳索30长度被锁定，所以柱塞杆3顶端的最大高度也被锁定，而柱塞缸138缸体底端随着浮体1上下运动，当浮体1上升时，柱塞缸138被压缩，输出高压液压油，因为准入单向阀那里走不通，所以液压油只能经准出单向阀(相对于柱塞缸而言，只准出)到达高压蓄能器，高压蓄能器的压强>低压蓄能器的压强>大气压，在高压蓄能器-低压蓄能器的压差作用下，推动液压马达旋转，带动发电机发电，同时液压油也从高压蓄能器流到低压蓄能器中。当浮体1下落时，采能索30的拉力迅速降低，此时柱塞缸腔内的压力也迅速降低，这时在低压蓄能器-大气压的压差作用下，推动柱塞向上顶起，从而实现了柱塞缸的复位。优选的：增加滤油器5。
优选的：所述柱塞杆3外套防护罩10(最好为软橡胶材质)，该防护罩10一端与柱塞杆柄对接密封，另一端与所述柱塞缸108缸体外侧对接密封。
优选的：所述发电机为无刷永磁发电机；优选的：在所述马达旁并联一溢流阀，一旦马达因某种原因停转，高压蓄能器的高压油可经溢流阀进入低压蓄能器，从而避免高压蓄能器中压力过高。优选的：所述马达为端面配流的轴向柱塞马达。
优选的，关于补油系统：柱塞缸138的缸体顶端增加一个罩，该罩与所述缸体顶面形成一个收集泄油的密封腔，柱塞杆3从该腔顶面孔处的密封圈中穿出，泄油管115从所述密封腔中引出，然后向下延伸，从所述浮体1顶盖钻入腔内(钻入处要做密封处理，不破坏浮体的全封闭性)，最后进入一油箱。
优选的：由本波浪发电机发出的电驱动的电动补油泵73从所述油箱中抽取液压油，注入到所述闭式液压循环系统中；进一步优选的：增加一单片机及附属电源电路，该单片机根据油箱的液位传感器144/闭式循环液压系统上的液压传感器发来的信号，对该电动补油泵73进行启停控制，当液位传感器144监测到油箱里油过多或者是所述液压传感器监测到闭式液压循环系统中的压力过低，MCU会开动电机，带动补油泵从油箱抽油注入到闭式液压循环中去。
优选的：控绳装置的电缆12从浮体腔内出发，向上从浮体顶面钻出(出口要密封)，然后变为螺旋形状向上延伸，最后钻入一水平钢管71，该钢管71与倒L刚架19的侧面焊接且二者管腔相通，所述电缆12沿所述钢管71水平延伸，进入倒L刚架的竖边方管内向下延伸，最后从倒L刚架底端侧面钻出，最终进入控绳机架机壳79内。如果倒L刚架19与控绳机构机壳79是固接，则电缆12可直接从倒L刚架底端出口进入控绳机架机壳内，但入口处要密封。功能：电缆12部分采用螺旋形状是为了适应倒L刚架与浮体顶面的相对距离变化，电缆12在倒L刚架方管内可以得到保护。
节V：预紧系统
本说明书前述的几种WECS海面组件的液压系统均可以增加预紧系统，预紧方案有两大类：外增蓄能器型和高压侧返流型。
(一)图7采用了外增蓄能器基本型，在其液压缸138的进出油口处的液压管路上再引出一条新液压支路，该液压支路经一电磁开关阀122后再连接一第三蓄能器128；所述电磁开关阀122受到MCU(即单片机，本说明书的MCU也可替换为PLC)的控制，所述MCU接收来自监测WECS(波浪能采集转换系统)海面组件工作状态的第二传感器126的信号。
绳控液压缸波浪发电机的采能索30工作在脉冲拉力工况下，当浮体1下落过程时，采能索上的拉力等于液压缸的复位力(在此暂不考虑控绳机构的湿重、各构件自重以及摩擦力)，拉力比较小，而在浮体上升，对液压缸138做功时，采能索30上拉力很大，这样采能索30会出现伸缩现象，另外海水横向冲击(如海流)也会导致采能索30出现弯曲，在液压缸138复位时，弯曲很大，而在液压缸138做功时，弯曲很小，所有这一切导致的后果是：波高利用效率下降，因为在波浪带动浮体1上升的前期，波浪的浮力(也包括冲击力)并不能立即驱动液压缸138做功，而是延迟一段时间。从波浪开始上升到液压缸138被驱动的这段时间，波面上升的高度其实是没有被利用的，波高利用损失的高度一部分是用来增加浮体的吃水以增加其所受的净浮力，另一部分是拉直采能索30(这种情况浮体1虽然上升，但液压缸138不动)。预紧目的就是为了减少波高利用损失，在波面上升前提前把采能索30拉紧、让浮体1吃水增加，这样当波面上升时，就可以立即驱动液压缸138了。
图7中，单片机MCU通过第二传感器126获取海面组件上的与采能索联动的构件(即倒L刚架19)，相对于浮体1的运动状态(也可通过加速度传感器获取浮体1的运动状态，或通过浮体底部的水压传感器来获取浮体的吃水信息)，来判断浮体1所处波面是在那个阶段，一旦MCU判断WECS处于复位阶段，而且接近复位阶段结束，即认为现在处于波谷，则立即打开电磁开关阀122，并保持一段时间后(例如0.3秒)再关闭，这样第三蓄能器128内的高压液压油就会部分流向柱塞缸138，驱动柱塞杆3上升，这个过程也导致了第三蓄能器128内的压强降低。由于控绳装置处于锁定状态，倒L刚架19与重力锚17之间距离不变，所以柱塞杆3实际不能上升，那就只有浮体1下沉了，浮体1下沉就会导致浮体1吃水增加，所受浮力增加，采能索30上的拉力增加，从而达到了预紧目的。当波面上升的时候，就可以立即驱动液压缸或仅用很小的波面上升幅度就可以驱动液压缸138做功了。
而当液压缸138的做功行程接近结束，也就是浮体随波浪上升到波峰时，此时波面虽然不再上升，但采能索的拉力、浮体所受净浮力(净浮力＝浮体此刻所受的浮力减去所受重力)此时依然等于对液压缸做功时的力，浮体吃水依然很深，与波浪上升时的差不多，这就意味着还存有剩余的浮力势能。这时单片机MCU通过第二传感器126监测到此时浮体处于波峰，立即打开电磁开关阀122，并保持一定时间(比如0.3s)，这时柱塞缸138内的高压液压油会流向第三蓄能器128，第三蓄能器128内的液压升高，而柱塞缸138内的液压降低，浮体1会上升一段距离，相当于波浪的浮力又对浮体1做功了，从而再次增加了波高的利用率。然后在波谷时，MCU再次打开电磁开关阀122，如此循环……
图10是外增蓄能器基本型的单片机的处理流程图。
图8是预紧系统电气部分各元件功能关系图，单片机/PLC从第二传感器获得海面组件或波面的状态，所谓状态，对于波面来说，是波面上升、波峰、波面下落、波谷等，对于波浪发电机的海面组件来说，有做功、做功行程结束、复位、复位行程结束等，因为直接测量波浪发电机所处波面的状态比较困难，这样的传感器也比较贵，所以一般来说可采用测量波浪发电机的工作状态来判断波面的状态。第二传感器可以有如下几种形式：
1)测距传感器：对于图1，可安装在浮体壳内顶面，监测活塞27与浮体壳内顶面之距离。对于其他图，则可安装在浮体顶面，监测：与采能索联动的、且在浮体顶面以上的构件(图2中的活塞杆3末端、图3图4中的矩形刚架111的顶边或图4中的限位块106、图5中的立柱81顶端、图6中的刚架88顶边、图7中的倒L刚架横边) 与浮体顶面的距离变化。对于图7来说，当距离增大时，则为液压缸复位阶段，浮体处于下落状态；距离增大后停止时，则为复位过程结束，浮体处于波谷；当距离缩小时，则为做功、浮体处于上升阶段；当距离缩小后停止时，则为浮体上升到顶点，处于波峰状态。其他图中的判断与此类似。
优选的：所述测距传感器为激光式/超声波式/红外线式。
2)直线位移传感器：包括两个可相对直线运动的部件，一个部件连接到浮体，另一个部件连接到与采能索联动的构件上；优选的：所述的一个部件连接到浮体顶面，被另一个部件连接到的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；判断方法与测距传感器类同。优选的：所述直线位移传感器为拉杆式/拉绳式。
3)直线速度传感器：包括两个可相对直线运动的部件，一个部件连接到浮体，另一个部件连接到与采能索联动的构件上；优选的：所述的第一个部件连接的是浮体顶面，所述的第二个部件所连接的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；
该构件相对浮体运动的速度为向下，则为对液压缸做功、浮体上升阶段；速度向下后停止则为做功结束、波峰时刻；速度向上则为液压缸复位、浮体下落阶段；速度向上后停止，则为复位结束、浮体处于波谷。
4)加速度传感器：安装在浮体上，测量所述浮体的运动加速度；
在减掉重力加速度后，浮体的加速度向上最大，为波谷，向下最大，则为波峰。由波谷到波峰，这之间的时间段里即为对液压缸做功、浮体上升的阶段，而从波峰到波谷，这之间的时间段里即为液压缸复位、浮体下落的阶段。
5)吃水传感器：安装在浮体外底部的水压传感器，监测所述浮体的吃水多少；
如水压传感器监测到压力最大，则意味着吃水最大，则为对液压缸做功、浮体上升阶段；水压、吃水最大后开始变小，则为波峰；水压、吃水小，则为浮体下落，液压缸复位阶段；水压、吃水小转而开始增大，则为波谷。
6)拉力传感器：串联的接入到所述采能索30上，以监测该采能绳索的拉力；
拉力很大，则为对液压缸做功、浮体上升阶段，拉力很大转而开始减小，则为做功结束，处于波峰，拉力很小，则为浮体下落、液压缸复位阶段，拉力很小转而开始增大，则为液压缸复位结束，浮体处于波谷。
7)液压传感器：安装在所述液压缸的进出油口处的液压管路上，监测进出油口处的液压；液压压强很大，则为对液压缸做功，浮体上升阶段；压强由很大转而变小，则为做功结束，浮体处于波峰，压强很小，则为液压缸复位、浮体下落阶段；压强很小转而增大，则为液压缸复位结束、浮体处于波谷。
8)流量传感器：安装在所述液压缸进出油口处的液压管路上，监测进出油口处的(流入液压缸或流出液压缸)的流向和大小；
流向为：由液压缸向外流，且很大，则为对液压缸做功、浮体上升阶段；
流向为：由液压缸停止外流，则为液压缸做功结束、浮体处于波峰阶段；
流向为：向液压缸内流，且很大，则为液压缸复位、浮体下落阶段；
流向为：停止向液压缸内流，则为液压缸复位结束、浮体处于波谷阶段；
图9：预紧系统电气部分电路图，该图中，MCU是通过固态继电器SSR来对电磁开关阀进行控制的，优选的：MCU通过485通信模块接收无线通讯模块AS62发来的数据。
需要说明的是：图8、图9可以适用到本说明书所有预紧方案。
图12是外增蓄能器型的预紧效果图，a)：波谷状态；b：打开电磁开关阀一会，预紧；c：波面上升，对液压缸做功；d：波峰，打开电磁开关阀一会，利用波浪残存净浮力给第三蓄能器充压；e：充压结束，开始下落；f：浮体下落，液压缸复位，然后又到a)，如此循环。
(二)高压侧返流基本型预紧方案
见图3，在液压系统的准出单向阀旁边，再并联一液压支路，该支路上设一电磁开关阀122，所述电磁开关阀122受到MCU的控制，所述MCU接收来自监测浮体状态第二传感器126的信号。浮体处于波谷状态的处理方式与前述的外增蓄能器基本型预紧方案的一样，在浮体下落过程中，柱塞缸138内的液压等于低压蓄能器，当MCU通过第二传感器126监测到浮体1处于波谷状态时，立即打开电磁开关阀122并保持一定时间，此时高压蓄能器的部分液压油经电磁开关阀122，绕过准出单向阀，直接流向柱塞缸138，柱塞缸138内的液压顿时升高，驱动柱塞杆3上升，此时的控绳装置处于锁定状态，所以柱塞杆3不能上升，那就只有浮体1下沉了，于是浮体1增加了吃水，浮体1所受净浮力增大，从而使得采能索30的拉力增加，达到了预紧目的，单片机的算法流程参见图11A。
与前述的外增蓄能器基本型预紧方案不同的是，在浮体处于波峰状态时，MCU是不发出指令的，电磁开关阀122不动作，也就是说该方案不能利用波峰时刻的残余浮力做功。反映到图12中，就是没有了状态e)了，从d)：液压缸做功结束，直接到f)：下落液压缸复位。
前述的外增蓄能器基本型和高压侧返流基本型液压预紧方案，均有不足：例如在波谷时的预紧过程中，刚打开电磁开关阀时，第三蓄能器的高压或高压蓄能器的高压液压油会冲击液压缸，液压缸的压强猛然从低压升到高压，产生冲击，液压缸在这样的高压下复位一段距离所消耗的能量与其在做功阶段同样距离所所获得的能量几乎是一样的，其结果是：虽然预紧了，但耗掉了很多能量，最终并没有获取到太多的波浪能，为了解决这个问题，引入摆动缸+惯性飞轮，有了摆动缸+惯性飞轮使得消耗同样的能量可达到更好的预紧效果，对于外增蓄能器型预紧方案，还可以更充分的利用波峰时候的残余浮力做功。
如图13，是外增蓄能器型预紧方案，在电磁开关阀与第三蓄能器128之间的液压支路上，插入一个摆动缸125，图中是齿轮齿条式摆动缸，该摆动缸的齿轮与飞轮123轴连(也可通过齿轮/链式/带式变速机构与飞轮123联动)，这样在波谷时电磁开关阀刚打开那一刻，第三蓄能器的高压液压油首先必须推动摆动缸带动飞轮123旋转，部分液压能转换为飞轮123的动能，由于飞轮123的惯性很大，所以加速比较慢，所以液压油是缓慢的进入液压缸2内，这样就避免了冲击；预紧过程中的初期，液压缸2内的液压是缓慢上升的，从而减少了预紧所需要的能耗。MCU可以根据预估，设定电磁开关阀导通的时间Δt1，Δt1这段时间的后半阶段，尽管第三蓄能器128的液压已经降下来、液压缸2内的压力已经很高了，但飞轮123利用其先前储存的动能继续推动摆动缸125摆动，继续将更多液压油压入柱塞缸2内，最后飞轮123已经转的很慢几乎停止，此刻MCU关闭电磁开关阀，完成预紧过程。该预紧过程，液压缸2内的液压是缓慢上升的，没有冲击，而且充分利用了第三蓄能器的压力势能。
前面提到电磁开关阀导通的时间Δt1是MCU预设的(图15就是预设的)，这种方法不是太灵活，优选的：见图13，可以用一个监测飞轮123转速的转速传感器145来告诉MCU何时关闭电磁开关阀，一旦飞轮123停转，立即关闭电磁开关阀；也可以在第三蓄能器128与电磁开关阀之间的液压支路上设一流体的流向传感器，MCU根据该流向传感器监测液压油 的流动方向，一旦改变，则立即关闭电磁开关阀；也可以在第三蓄能器128与电磁开关阀之间的液压支路上设一流量传感器，MCU接收该流量传感器的流量信号，一旦到0，立即关闭电磁开关阀；也可以在摆动缸125与第三蓄能器128之间的液压支路上增加液压传感器，MCU根据该液压传感器监测液压，一旦发现液压从下降改为停滞或上升，则立即关闭电磁开关阀。
增加了飞轮+摆动缸的外增蓄能器型预紧方案，还可以在浮体处于波峰时充分利用浮体所受的剩余净浮力做功。实现过程是这样的：当MCU根据第二传感器126监测到液压缸做功刚结束、浮体处于波峰时，立即打开电磁开关阀，并保持一段时间Δt2，这时液压缸2内的高压液压油会推动摆动缸125摆动，同时带动飞轮123旋转，由于飞轮123的惯性，在Δt2的初期，液压能转换为飞轮123的动能，而在Δt2的末期，飞轮123的动能继续驱动摆动缸125摆动，液压缸2内的液压是缓慢下降的，而第三蓄能器128的液压是缓慢上升的，整个过程没有冲击，没有猛然的压力变化，与没有摆动缸+飞轮相比，更多的液压油从液压缸2进入第三蓄能器128内，从而更加充分的利用浮体所受的剩余净浮力做功。而如果加入了监测飞轮123转速的传感器或上述反映飞轮123运动状态的流向/流量/液压传感器，MCU就可以更准确的确定关闭电磁开关阀的时间点，而不是靠预估Δt2。
外增蓄能器预紧方案不但可应用到闭式液压系统，还可应用到开式液压系统，如图15。
关于增加摆动缸+飞轮的设计不但可应用到的外增蓄能器型预紧方案，还可应用到高压侧返流型预紧方案，如图14，在所述并联支路的前半段上插入一摆动缸125，该摆动缸125的轴通过传动机构-带式传动124与飞轮123联动(或直接轴连)，优选的：在所述电磁开关阀与所述摆动缸125之间的液压管路上，再引出一条续流支路(标为虚线)，该续流支路经一止逆阀与低压蓄能器连接；该止逆阀的导通方向为低压蓄能器流向电磁开关阀与所述摆动缸之间处；优选的：所述摆动缸125上安装有复位弹簧141，该复位弹簧141的复位力使得所述摆动液压缸125上液压油流向是从摆动缸的近所述液压缸一端流向近所述电磁开关阀一端。
原理：结合图14、图11B解释，当浮体在下落过程中，MCU通过第二传感器126监测是否WECS是否复位结束、浮体是否到达波谷，一旦到达波谷，MCU立即打开电磁开关阀，并保持导通一段时间Δt1，因为先前的复位过程中液压缸2中的液压等于低压蓄能器的压强，所以当所述电磁开关阀刚打开时，在高压蓄能器内的压强-低压蓄能器压强的压差作用下，摆动缸125被驱动，同时通过带式传动机构124带动飞轮123旋转，高压蓄能器输出的高压液压能部分转换为飞轮123的动能，部分增加了液压缸2内的压强，推动液压缸2复位，从而使得浮体下沉达到预紧效果(前面已提到)。由于飞轮123是从0开始加速的，所以液压缸2内的压强是缓慢上升的，没有了此前的压强猛然增加导致的冲击现象，Δt1时间到点时，预紧过程只进行到一半，但此时MCU控制电磁开关阀关闭，而飞轮123还在转，这时飞轮123会驱动摆动缸125继续动作，所述并联支路的后半段即摆动缸125与电磁开关阀之间压强迅速下降，这时低压蓄能器的液压油会通过前述中的续流支路补充过来，这样摆动缸就可以继续向液压缸2内注入液压油，从而将飞轮123的先前储存的动能充分利用，直至停止。由于预紧的过程，摆动缸旋转了一定角度，所以需要复位。复位的时间安排在浮体上升的对液压缸做功阶段，MCU通过第二传感器126了解目前处于上升阶段时，会打开电磁开关阀并保持时间Δt2，此时摆动缸125的前后端均是高压，近液压缸2一端等于液压缸的压强，而近高压蓄能器一端的压力等于液压缸2的压强减去准出单向阀的压降，前端略高，作用在摆动缸125上的压差如果足够推动其复位，可以省掉复位弹簧141，如果不够，还需要借助复位弹簧 141的复位力。摆动缸125复位结束后，MCU关闭电磁开关阀。
另外，本节上述的摆动缸也可以替换为泵&马达(又可作为泵又可作为马达使用，例如端面配流的轴向柱塞泵)，泵&马达可以认为是没有旋转角度限制的摆动缸，所以也就不需要复位，也就可以省掉复位弹簧，而MCU也不需要在浮体上升的对液压缸做功阶段再次打开电磁开关阀来完成复位。例如图16，是泵&马达127替代摆动缸的实施例，也是高压侧返流预紧方案应用到开式液压系统的案例，在WECS的开式液压系统的准出单向阀旁边再加一并联支路，该支路上设一电磁开关阀，所述电磁开关阀受到MCU的控制，所述MCU接收来自监测WECS的所处状态的第二传感器126的信号。在所述并联支路的前半段上插入一泵&马达127，其轴与飞轮123轴连(也可通过链式/齿轮/带式传动机构与飞轮联动)，在所述电磁开关阀与所述泵&马达127之间的液压管路上，再引出一条续流支路，该续流支路经一止逆阀与油箱连接；该止逆阀的导通方向为油箱流向所述电磁开关阀与所述泵&马达127之间处。
原理：预紧过程与前面是一样的，在波谷，MCU打开电磁开关阀，高压蓄能器的高压液压油驱动泵&马达，进入液压缸2内，泵&马达同时带动飞轮123旋转，在预紧的初期，液压能部分转换为飞轮123的动能，而在预紧的后期，MCU关闭了电磁开关阀，持续旋转的飞轮123释放动能，带动泵&马达127继续旋转，由于电磁开关阀那里已经关闭了，所以泵&马达127只能经续流支路的止逆阀，从油箱抽油，注入到液压缸2内。由于泵&马达不需要复位，所以不需要在浮体上升的对液压缸2做功阶段，再次打开电磁开关阀。
对于高压侧返流型预紧方案来说，在预紧过程中，液压缸的压强增加、浮体下沉，下沉过程中遇到了水的阻力(属于运动阻力)，而随着浮体下沉深度的增加，浮体所受浮力越来越大，这又属于浮力阻力。而对于外增蓄能器型预紧方案来说，预紧过程中除了受到上述阻力外，还有第三蓄能器128的不断增大的压力。
对于加了飞轮+摆动缸/泵&马达的高压侧返流基本型预紧方案(图14)来说，假如没有续流支路，当关闭电磁开关阀过早时，飞轮还未完全停转，摆动缸+飞轮的惯性将会在摆动缸125与电磁开关阀之间产生负压，所以应留足时间，在飞轮+摆动缸/泵&马达停下后(迟早会停，因为浮体下沉时所受阻力越来越大)再关闭。此时摆动缸+飞轮的惯性可能导致预紧过度(预紧后浮体的吃水深度甚至超过波浪上升、对液压缸做功时的吃水深度，当然只是可能，不是一定会这样，因为如果浮体所受的水的阻力足够强而摆动缸+飞轮的惯性又不足，可能还达不到对液压缸做功时所需的吃水深度)，但也算达到了预紧效果。所以如果只是为了达到预紧目的，续流支路不是必须的(同样对于图16、23，续流支路也不是必须的，用虚线表示)。
关于本说明书的各种预紧系统，需要说明以下四点：
1)MCU打开电磁开关阀的一系列处理流程，是在波高没有超过液压缸行程，即没有触发控绳装置的这一个前提下讨论的，但也已经解释清楚了预紧系统所能达到的效果，如果波高超过液压缸行程，控绳装置被触发，则MCU的程序里应能够分辨这一情况；
2)在简单涌浪这种波况下，MCU比较容易判断波峰、波谷，而在风浪、杂浪波况下，有时会出现假波谷(即浮体下落暂停，又继续下落)、假波高(即浮体上升暂停又继续上升)情况，这时MCU可能会误判，所以MCU可结合之前几十个乃至更多波的经验数据，找出规律，以进一步提高判断准确率。
3)优选的：MCU通过无线通讯模块接收来自外部的数据或人工发出的指令/参数，该数据/参数参考来自海洋环境监测浮标上的数据，以使得MCU更能准确的掌握目前波况信息。 当多个阵列的波浪发电机在一起运行时，波浪发电机的第二传感器数据也可共享，作为迎浪的前锋的波浪发电机的MCU可以把它的第二传感器所监测到的数据，通过无线数据传输模块发给其他的波浪发电机，后面的波浪发电机将自己的第二传感器监测到的数据与迎浪前锋的波浪发电机的第二传感器的数据结合，就能更好的掌握将要到来的波浪情况，从而更好的把握控制电磁开关阀/换向支路的时间点。
4)预紧操作以及波峰时利用剩余净浮力的操作会影响海面组件及液压缸的工作状态，MCU在程序编写时，要将预紧操作所致的影响与波浪运动所致的第二传感器数据变化分清，在预紧/剩余净浮力做功的那段时间里，MCU程序里应明确现在处于这一状态，不能将预紧工况判断为波浪下落的复位阶段，不能将剩余净浮力做功工况判断为波浪上升的做功阶段。
本说明书还采用了控制时序表来帮助理解各个技术方案。首先解释一下时序表中的符号意义。第一、二列是MCU根据第二传感器判断此时的波面及海面组件工作状态，然后分别在各个阶段里按照表中的换向支路或电磁开关阀的工作符号，对它们进行操作。第三列显示了液压缸在各阶段的压强，第四列则显示了高压蓄能器/第三蓄能器的在各阶段的压强。液压缸的压强与采能索的拉力是正相关的，根据液压缸的压强走势可判断采能索的拉力走势。
符号解释：>>：由前一个数值变化逐渐变化为后一个数值。√：电磁开关阀打开。×：电磁开关阀关闭。↑：对于换向支路来说，MCU通过控制电磁两位四通阀，使得换向支路的单向导通方向是为流入液压缸；对于摆动缸或泵&马达来说，是指其内部液压油流向液压缸。↓与刚才的↑相反。0：其内的液压油流速为0，即停止。一：单向阀处于导通状态。
图3B、图7A、图7C、图21、22……至26，都列出了控制时序表，需要指出的是：本示例中，忽略了阀的压降损失、管路中途压降损失、以及机械摩擦，忽略了高压蓄能器在一个波浪周期内的压强变化(一般会有变化，一般容量越大变化幅度越小)，控制时序表中的数值旨在举例，帮助理解其工作原理，而不是仅限于该数值。如果用到了增压缸，是按照增压比k＝2来举例的。下面举例来说明如何解读这些控制时序表。
图7A及图7B是采用了增压缸的高压侧返流型预紧系统，适合图4中的WECS。
第一阶段：MCU根据第二传感器判断浮体1随波浪下落，此时液压油从低压蓄能器(内部压强0.5Mpa)流向液压缸，液压缸2处于复位阶段，内部压强为0.5Mpa，而此时高压蓄能器的压强是10Mpa。MCU控制的电磁开关阀此时处于×状态，并向支路处于截止状态。
第二阶段：MCU根据第二传感器获悉浮体1不再下落，判断浮体1处于波谷，此时控制电磁开关阀为√，即打开电磁开关阀，这时液压油从高压蓄能器中流向液压缸，因为柱塞杆3与控绳装置79连接，在控绳装置不动作时，柱塞杆3的高度是不变的，所以只有液压缸的缸体下降了，于是与缸体所连接的浮体开始下降，吃水深度增加，净浮力增大，采能索的拉力增大。当这个阶段结束时，增压缸两侧平衡，液压缸的压强升到5Mpa(增压缸增压比k＝2)，此时采能索的拉力得到提高，达到了预紧效果。
第三阶段：MCU根据第二传感器判断浮体1处于上升阶段，立即关闭电磁阀，并联支路处于截止状态。此时WECS处于做功阶段，高压液压油从液压缸流向高压蓄能器。
第四阶段：MCU根据第二传感器获悉浮体1不再上升，判断浮体1处于波峰状态，则立即打开电磁阀。该阶段的初始，液压缸压强依然是做功阶段时候的10Mpa，经过增压缸放大为20Mpa，大于高压蓄能器中的10Mpa。所以液压油从液压缸流向高压蓄能器,浮体1上升，吃水减少。液压缸2的压强开始下降，采能索拉力慢慢降低。这个过程中浮体的剩余净浮力 对液压缸做的功，转换成了液压能。当到达平衡时，高压蓄能器的压强几乎不变依然为10Mpa而液压缸的压强降到5Mpa，增压缸左侧5Mpa×2等于右侧的10Mpa。
然后又回到第一阶段，如此循环。
下面结合图2,，解释一下图24和图24A，从时序表中第一行开始，此时波浪发电机的浮体随波浪下落，采能索处于拉力最小状态，此时低压蓄能器压力0.5Mpa(暂不考虑准入单向阀的压降)的作用下，液压油进入液压缸内并使其复位。当MCU通过第二传感器126监测到浮体正在下落，液压缸正在复位时，控制换向支路中的电磁两位四通阀，使得换向支路的单向导通方向↓，即为流出液压缸，由于此时第三蓄能器的压强是8Mpa，远大于液压缸内部压强0.5Mpa，所以受到换向支路的止逆阀的阻拦，第三蓄能器中的液压油不能进入液压缸。
看时序表第二阶段，当浮体下落至波谷时，此时波面还未升起，采能索拉力依然很小，处于松弛状态，浮体吃水深度也最小。MCU通过第二传感器126监测到此时处于波谷，则立即将切换所述换向支路中的电磁两位四通阀，使换向支路的单向导通方向逆转为↑，即：只准流入液压缸。液压油可以从第三蓄能器(8Mpa)通过换向支路进入液压缸(0.5Mpa)了。液压缸内部的压强从0.5Mpa逐渐上升，推动液压缸的活塞相对于其缸体上升，因为活塞杆通过采能索与水下之相对运动参照物连接，所以活塞杆不能上升，那就只能是缸体下降了，液压缸缸体安装在浮体上，则浮体会下沉，这样吃水增加，浮力增大，采能索也被拉紧了，从而达到了预紧目的。这一过程顺便带动了摆动缸125，由于摆动缸125连接着飞轮123，惯性较大，所以在预紧的前半期部分液压能转换成了飞轮的动能，而在预紧的后半期，飞轮的动能使得摆动缸125继续转动，推动液压油继续向前流动，使得液压缸的内部液压，越过液压缸与第三蓄能器的压强平衡点(假设5Mpa)，从5Mpa上升到7Mpa。(如果该图中没有摆动缸+飞轮，虽然也可以达到预紧目的，但液压缸的液压不能升到7Mpa，可能只有5Mpa)。此时第三蓄能器的压强也降到了3Mpa。此时，摆动缸+飞轮的动能耗尽，停止转动。尽管液压缸内部的液压7Mpa大于第三蓄能器的液压3Mpa，但换向支路只允许液压油流向液压缸，反向截止，所以液压油停止流动。
再看时序表第三阶段，下一个波浪到来，波浪推动浮体上升做功，液压缸此时达到了工作压强10Mpa，换向支路依然保持此前状态，新液压支路的液压油依然静止。
再看第四阶段，当浮体到达波峰时波浪无法再推动浮体上升，浮体在竖直方向上的速度为0，但浮体依然吃水很深，有残余的净浮力(净浮力＝浮体此刻所受的浮力减去浮体的重力)。MCU通过第二传感器监测到这一情况，立即对所述的电磁两位四通阀进行切换，使得其单向导通方向↓，即：流出液压缸。此时液压缸的液压是10Mpa，而第三蓄能器的液压是3Mpa，液压缸的液压油流向第三蓄能器，使得第三蓄能器的压强上升，而液压缸的压强下降。液压缸内的液压油流出导致缸体上升，浮体吃水减少，这个过程残余的净浮力对浮体所做的功，转化成了第三蓄能器的压力能。液压油的流动也顺便带动了摆动缸，使得液压油流动的惯性很大，在越过液压缸与第三蓄能器压强平衡点后，液压油依然在摆动缸+飞轮的作用下向第三蓄能器流动，从而更充分的利用所述的净浮力做功(如果此图中没有摆动缸+飞轮，也可以利用净浮力做功，但效果可能不如这么好)。最终，液压缸的压强从10Mpa逐渐降到3Mpa，而第三蓄能器的压强从3Mpa上升到8Mpa。然后又到了浮体下落阶段，如此循环。
下面结合图7中的单浮体压差复位B型WECS，来介绍一下图26和图26A。首先是浮体随波浪下落阶段，此时采能索松弛，浮体吃水小，液压缸压强只有0.5Mpa，而高压蓄能器 内部压强是10Mpa。MCU此时控制的换向支路的单向导通方向是↓，即：流出液压缸，对于并联支路来说，液压油不可能从0.5Mpa流向10Mpa，所以停止流动。
当浮体随波浪到达波谷时，此时浮体停止下落，竖直速度为0，浮体相对于倒L刚架(即相对浮体运动之构件)静止，MCU通过第二传感器126监测到这一情况，立即切换换向支路，使其单向导通方向为↑，即流入液压缸。此时液压油从10MPa的高压蓄能器，经并联支路，依次经过换向支路、泵&马达127、增压缸147，流向液压缸2，使得缸体相对于柱塞杆下降，因为柱塞杆与倒L刚架连接，而倒L刚架又通过采能索与水下的相对运动参照物连接，所以柱塞杆不能上升，缸体将下降，因为缸体安装在浮体上，所以浮体将下沉，吃水量增加，浮力增大，采能索拉力增大，从而达到预紧效果。同时液压缸2的压强从0.5Mpa逐渐上升，而高压蓄能器的容量较大，其压强变化很小，这里忽略。在泵&马达+飞轮123的转动惯性作用下，液压油在达到平衡点后(设平衡点液压缸压强＝10Mpa/2＝5Mpa)，依然继续向液压缸流动(当然此图如没有泵&马达127+飞轮123，也可达到一定的预紧效果，但没有了惯性，降低了预紧效果)，最后液压缸的压强升到了7Mpa，尽管7×2Mpa已经大于高压蓄能器的10Mpa，但因为换向支路此时为↑，只允许流入液压缸，所以液压油不能从液压缸返回到高压蓄能器。
然后是波浪推动浮体上升的做功阶段，换向支路依然维持不变，此时液压缸内部压强10Mpa，高压蓄能器也是10Mpa，由于换向支路依然是↑，所以液压油只能经准出单向阀(这里不考虑阀的压降)进入高压蓄能器。
当浮体到达波峰时，此时波浪无法再推动浮体向上运动，浮体竖向速度为0，MCU通过第二传感器监测到这一情况，立即切换换向支路的状态为↓，即：流出液压缸。此时液压缸的压强为10Mpa，经过增压缸147增压，可在增压缸147右侧产生20Mpa的压强。而因为高压蓄能器的压强为10Mpa，所以液压油从液压缸经并联支路流向高压蓄能器。因为高压蓄能器容量比较大，压强变化小(在此忽略)，而液压缸中液压油的流出将导致液压缸的缸体相对于柱塞上升，也就是导致浮体吃水减少，导致采能索的拉力降低，导致液压缸的液压迅速降低，从10Ma降到3Mpa。这一过程，依然得益于泵&马达+飞轮的转动惯性，可使得液压缸压强降到平衡点5MPa后，液压油还可以继续流向高压蓄能器，从而更充分的利用残存的净浮力做功(如果没有泵&马达+飞轮，也可以对残存净浮力进行利用，只是效果差些)。然后又到了浮体下落阶段，如此循环。另外图26的增压缸、泵&马达、换向支路的位置可互换。
对于图3、图7中的液压系统，以及图7A、图7C、图13、图14、图15、图16、图21、图22、图23、图24、图25、图26这些图例，所示的液压缸2，活塞缸与柱塞缸可互相替换，油箱与低压蓄能器也可互相替换，摆动缸与泵&马达可相互替换，替换后的实施例，也可运行并达到预紧效果(但需跟WECS的实际需求相匹配)；而对于其中有电磁开关阀的，该电磁开关阀也可由换向支路所代替，MCU在要实现“关”的时候，只需要将换向支路的导通方向逆着压力方向(压力方向为高压区指向低压区)即可，而在需要实现“开”的时候，只需将换向支路的导通方向与液压油的压力方向一致即可。例如图3B是图3中的电磁开关阀替换成换向支路后的控制时序表，在浮体下落阶段，液压缸压强是0.5Mpa，而高压蓄能器是10Mpa，应让并联支路处于截止状态，换向支路就要逆着压力方向，即为↓(只准流出液压缸)。在波谷阶段，应让并联支路处于开通状态，换向支路就要顺着压力，即↑。在浮体上升的做功阶段，此时液压缸的压强是10Mpa(实际中应该是10+准出单向阀的压降，在此忽略)，而高压蓄能器的压强是10Mpa，因为换向支路自身也要压降，液压油从液压缸到高压蓄能器， 从准出单向阀那里走还是从换向支路那里走都是一样的，所以此时换向支路的状态随意，但对于含有弹簧复位的摆动缸，则换向支路此时状态应该是↓，以让摆动缸在复位弹簧作用下复位。在波峰阶段，因为液压缸的压强开始低于10Mpa，而高压蓄能器依然是10Mpa，要阻止高压液压油返流，并联支路应处于截止状态，即换向支路应该逆着压力，即↓。
同样，上个段落中所提到的这些图例中的换向支路，也可以替换为电磁开关阀。除了开关功能，换向支路比电磁开关阀多了一个功能就是自动止逆，如果实施例中用到了换向支路的该功能(例如有摆动缸/泵&马达的实施例，液压油的流动由于飞轮的惯性越过了平衡点，换向支路的止逆功能自动防止了液压油的返流)，则替换为电磁开关阀后，MCU可通过预设延时(估测的)来决定关闭电磁开关阀(防返流)的最佳时刻。而因为浮体与相对浮体运动之构件的相对运动，和进出液压缸的液压油的流量/流向是相关的，MCU也可参考第二传感器126发来的信息来决定上述关闭动作的最佳时刻。
另外对于图22，这是在第三蓄能器128与换向支路间的新液压支路上插入了一个增压缸，属于预紧方案V。增压缸的引入会使得第三蓄能器128的液压动力响应发生变化，技术人员可以在增压缸的协助下，达到想要的性能。
节VI：吊锚技术在CN107255060A已有介绍，有以下几种：
1)直连吊锚：见图17，在浮体B的两侧各系泊一个浮标A、C，每个浮标各系一根缆绳57，这两根缆绳的另一端连接到该WECS的重力锚17上；图18中的浮体D下方的重力锚17也是直连吊锚。
2)滑轮吊锚：见图17，在浮体D两侧各系泊一个浮标59，一根缆绳57的两端分别系在这两个浮标59上，这根缆绳57的中部绕过一个靠近重力锚17的滑轮56，滑轮56的滑轮架底端与WECS的重力锚17顶面连接，从上方下来的本来要连接重力锚17的采能索30，改为连接到所述滑轮架56顶端，WECS浮体G下方的重力锚以及图18中的WECS浮体B下方的重力锚都是滑轮吊锚。
3)双索道吊锚：重力锚是平放立方体，其顶面四顶点分别安装一滑轮，这样重力锚顶面的两对边各有两滑轮，每个对边的滑轮(两个)各在一根索道上滚动，两根索道在重力锚左侧合为一股，并绕一滑轮，该滑轮的滑轮架与左侧用于悬吊重力锚的缆绳连接，同样右侧也是这样，左右对称。两侧滑轮将浮标对缆绳上的拉力均分到两索道上，两索道对其所穿过的、安装在重力锚两边的滑轮提供向上拉力，从而将重力锚悬吊在水中。
4)侧绕吊锚：重力锚为平放的立方体，重力锚前后两侧面上部各安装一导缆器，在重力锚的右侧两竖直棱边上安装两导向滑轮，缆绳依次穿过后导缆器、绕过右后棱边的导向滑轮、右前棱边的导向滑轮、穿过前导缆器，两导缆器及两导向滑轮与重力锚顶面距离相等。悬吊缆绳相当于从重力锚一侧绕过，力作用点是在两侧的导缆器上。很显然，借助于导缆器、导向滑轮，重力锚可以沿缆绳滑动。
5)担架吊锚：两根硬直杆平行、端面对齐的分别穿过重力锚两个相隔一定距离的贯穿横向通孔，两根硬直杆的左端与一钢架固接，两根硬直杆的右端与另一钢架固接，两侧的悬吊缆绳分别通过V形绳索与两侧钢架连接，即V形绳索的两个顶点连接钢架两端，V形绳索的底端连接悬吊缆绳。两侧的悬吊缆绳对两根硬直杆提供了向上的拉力，硬直杆则给与重力锚向上的托举力，类似担架。而重力锚可以以硬直杆做导轨左右滑动。
上面3)、4)、5)三种吊锚方案，重力锚两侧的悬吊缆绳的另一端分别连接水面上的相 隔一定距离系泊的两浮标，而波浪发电机的浮体则处于在两浮标中间，这与1)、2)吊锚方案是一样的。对于上述五种吊锚方案，重力锚的湿重(重力减去浮力)要大于WECS做功时向上的拉力，而两浮标的最大可提供浮力大于重力锚湿重，最好还有足够的冗余储备浮力。
优选的：以上各种吊锚方案，所述浮体与所述浮标间用绳子44连接(如图17、18)。这样互为一个整体互相牵扯，当浮体移动时会被两侧浮标拉扯，从而避免浮体偏离太大。从而避免浮体下方的重力锚横纵跟随的运动到达极限。进一步优选的：在所述绳子44中间系上重块51以提供缓冲，或串接一拉簧33替换重块51。
以上即为吊锚方案。对于WECS的预紧液压系统来说，作为水下之相对运动参照物的被悬吊重力锚，如果不稳定，将不利于WECS的预紧液压系统的MCU更好的判断WECS的工作状态，因为WECS浮体和重力锚都在动的这种相对运动要比只有WECS浮体在动而重力锚稳定的相对运动更复杂，例如有时候浮体随波浪在下落，而重力锚在以更快是速度下落，这时浮体其实是相对重力锚上升的，液压缸是处于做功状态的，此时MCU很难判定WECS是处于哪个状态了，所以让吊锚(被悬吊的重力锚)尽量保持稳定是必要的，下面是三种针对吊锚技术改进的具体措施。
对于吊锚方案，优选的：见图18，所述浮标(A、C、E)为细长胶囊外形，连接浮标的连接点位于胶囊的一端的外表中心点上。对于同样体积的细长胶囊形状和扁状的浮标，波浪上下起伏所引起的浮力变化，肯定是前者小。这样就使得吊锚能够更加的稳定。
优选的：吊锚中的重力锚底部固接一水平阻尼板，重力锚处于阻尼板的中央上方位置。作用是：利用阻尼板在水中运动遇到的水的阻力，来使得重力锚能够在竖直方向上比较稳定。
优选的：悬吊重力锚17的缆绳57中部替换为拉簧104(如图18)，作用是：改变重力锚17与悬吊其的浮标59的联动运动特性，使得重力锚与悬吊浮标之间可以不同步，弹簧起到缓冲的作用。补充：如果悬吊缆绳本身弹性很好，比如尼龙绳，也可以等效为加了弹簧。
在只有阻尼板97而没有悬吊缆绳上的拉簧104缓冲的情况下，如果悬吊用的缆绳59刚性太强，那么因为加了阻尼板的重力锚的运动受到水的巨大阻力，而浮标在海面会受到波浪的冲击，这样就会导致悬吊缆绳上出现非常大的冲击力，为解决这个问题，进一步优选的：吊锚技术同时采用了前述的缓冲拉簧和阻尼板方案，这样可大大降低悬吊缆绳上的冲击力。
这里还介绍了一种基于水面浮体队列的电力传输方案X，海面上现有一列漂浮体，该队列首尾的漂浮体被系泊，该队列中，相邻漂浮体之间用绳子连接，也就是说整列漂浮体被多根绳子串联成一串；队列中，有的漂浮体为波浪发电机的浮体，该波浪发电机的发电机引出来的电路钻出其浮体后，附在所述绳子上并沿其延伸。
对于方案X优选的：见图18，从WECS的发电机引发出来的电缆12钻出浮体B、D后，附在绳子44上延伸；这条电路从图左一直到图右，两个发电机串联。附的形式有以下三种：1)浮体B左侧是套在绳子44上的螺旋电缆121；2)浮体B右侧的电缆为螺旋的缠绕在绳子44上；3)浮体D右侧的电缆12通过细绳155宽松的拴在绳子44上；
原理：由于浮体之间的绳子在脉冲拉力下会伸缩，电缆12两端必须能够适应这种伸缩，螺旋电缆可满足该要求，而对于后两种，电缆应该是宽松的。另外，在海水冲击电缆12时，绳子44可为电缆12提供支持力，避免其被冲弯冲断。
对于电力传输方案X，优选的：如图18浮体B，所述电路在钻出浮体处通过了旋转/万向节/球铰式电路连接器；再看图19：作为所述电路的一部分的，由所述发电机G引出来的 单芯电缆12，连接一万向节式电路连接器151的一个接线端(A端)，该接线端固定在浮体外壳152上(如果浮体外壳导电，则A端应与浮体外壳间作绝缘处理)，而该万向节式电路连接器的另一接线端(B端)连接一沿绳子44延伸的单芯电缆12的一端。
原理：浮体B在海边上随波起伏，导致其所连接的绳子44相对的做各种摆动，如果发电机的输出电缆简单的从浮体壳上钻出并延伸的话，那么很快将因为频繁的弯曲导致断裂。而借助于本方案中的万向节式电路连接器151的万向连接特性，可以消除该处的电缆12的弯曲运动，从而保护电缆。
优选的：用半球形柔性绝缘罩150将该电路连接器151、及其与所述电缆12连接处密封在浮体外壳152上，以避免其接触海水，连接B端的电缆12从所述柔性绝缘罩上的孔钻入，孔处要密封。进一步优选的：所述绳子44通过绝缘连杆153连接在所述B端上。
原理：绳子44与电缆12的端部连接在同一位置，避免了绳子与电缆的相对运动，提高了可靠性。另外绝缘连杆153从所述绝缘罩150上的孔处穿过，孔处要作密封处理。
对于电力传输方案X，优选的：见图18浮体D和浮标C之间的重块51处，所述电路延伸途中通过了绳子44中间所系的重块处的球铰式电路连接器149，再看图20：某条所述漂浮体之间的绳子44中间，通过短绳49连接一重块51，由于重块重力的作用，所述短绳49与绳子44的连接点即系点处，所述绳子44会出现<180°夹角；一球铰式电路连接器的一个接线端A通过固定架154固定在所述系点左侧的所述绳子44上，并连接左侧的一段单芯的电缆12(所述电路的一部分)，其另一接线端B通过另一固定架154固定到所述系点右侧的所述绳子44上，并连接右侧的一段单芯电缆12(所述电路的一部分)；通过所述系点且垂直于该系点两侧绳子所在的平面作一直线OO’，该直线与球铰式电路连接器149的中心重合。
原理：系点两侧的绳子44、固定架154、一个接线端好比分别在一个虚拟的合页的两面上，两面上的元件可绕00’相对旋转，实海况中绳子44的夹角不断变化，通过固定架154带动球铰式电路连接器做相应变化，在此过程中一侧电缆12不会受力，不会与同侧的绳子44产生相对运动，从而避免电缆12出现弯曲摆动。
优选的：用一柔性绝缘套150将球铰式电路连接器149及与所述电缆连接处整个包裹并密封住，以防接触海水防漏电，所述固定架154是绝缘的，该固定架、所述电缆12在从所述柔性绝缘套150上的钻出的孔处要做密封处理。
对于电力传输方案X，优选的：如图18浮标A和浮体B之间的重块51处，所述电路延伸途中通过了44绳子中间所系的重块处的旋转式电路连接器148，可以理解为浮标A和浮体B之间的绳子44在中间断开，断开后形成的两个端点分别通过绝缘连杆153连接所述旋转式电路连接器148的AB两个接线端(看图20A，)，这两个接线端分别与该电路连接器两侧的单芯电缆12直接连接；其公共轴与一重块51连接。
原理：在实海况下的海水海风冲击下，方案X中所述漂浮体之间的距离经常变化，导致两侧绳子44的夹角也经常变化。旋转式电路连接器148同时承担了电路连接和绳子的连接，其两个接线端跟随绳子44作相应摆动的同时，保持了电路连接，一侧的电缆12与绳子44不发生相对运动，避免了电缆12频繁弯曲导致的损坏。
优选的：用一柔性绝缘套150(如橡胶套)将该电路连接器148以及其与所述电缆12的连接处密封起来，以隔绝海水、防止漏电。所述绝缘连杆153从所述柔性绝缘套150的孔处穿过，该孔处要做密封处理。所述重块可位于所述柔性绝缘套外，该重块与一绝缘连杆153 的一端连接，该绝缘连杆另一端从所述柔性绝缘套150上的孔处钻入，并与所述公共轴连接，所述孔处要做密封防水处理。
对于方案X，优选的：所述漂浮体中的某个，不是波浪发电机的浮体，在此命名为浮标(如图18中的A、C、E)，所述电路经过该浮标的方式有三种：
1)见图18，浮标C左右两侧各安装一个万向节式电路连接器151；左右两侧的电路连接器的安装方法与图19一样，只是将发电机G替换成了一根单芯电缆(图18浮标C内的虚线)，将左右两侧的两个电路连接器的A端连接。
原理：浮标C在海浪中颠簸，左右两侧的绳子44相对于浮标C做各种摆动，所述绳子44上的电缆12也随之摆动，借助于电路连接器151的万向连接特性，浮标C内电缆可以与浮标C外部电缆12万向连接，从而避免了电缆的弯曲导致的损坏。
优选的：用半球形柔性绝缘罩150将所述电路连接器151、及其与所述单芯电缆12连接处密封在所述浮标C外壳上，以避免接触海水，连接B端的电缆从所述柔性绝缘罩上的孔钻入，该孔处要密封；进一步优选的：在浮标C的左侧，所述绳子44是通过绝缘连杆153来连接所述浮标C的，具体为：所述绳子44与所述绝缘连杆153的一端在所述半球形柔性绝缘罩150外连接，该绝缘连杆153的另一端从所述绝缘罩150上的孔钻入，并与所述电路连接器的B端连接，该孔处要密封。这样做的效果是左侧绳子44与左侧电缆12都连接到了左侧电路连接器的B端上，避免了绳子44与电缆12的相对运动，从而提高了可靠性。
2)见图18浮标E处(将图20上下翻转，将重块51变成浮标，也可以得到本方案的示意图)：浮标E左右两侧的所述绳子44先端部连接在一起，该连接点O，命名为系点，所述浮标E底部与该系点O连接；由于浮标浮力的作用，所述系点O左右两侧的所述绳子会出现<180°夹角；所述电路连接器的一个接线端通过固定架154固定在所述系点左侧的所述绳子44上，并连接左侧的一段单芯的电缆12，其另一接线端通过另一固定架固定到所述系点右侧的所述绳子44上，并连接右侧的一段单芯的电缆12；通过所述系点O且垂直于该系点两侧绳子44所在的平面作一直线，该直线应与所述球铰式电路连接器149的中心重合。
原理：借助于球铰式电路连接器154的万向连接特性，将系点两侧的电缆12连接起来。系点两侧的电缆12、固定架154、绳子44好比分别在一个虚拟合页的两面上，合页的轴就在OO’上，每一合页面上的电缆12、固定架154、绳子44，不会发生相对运动，从而避免了绳子44摆动时，电缆12出现弯曲损坏。
优选的：用一柔性绝缘套150将所述电路连接器149及与所述电缆连接处整个包裹并密封住，以防水防漏电，所述固定架154为绝缘的，所述固定架154、所述电缆12在从所述柔性绝缘套上的钻出的孔处要做密封处理。
3)见图18浮标A处(结构与图20A类似，但要把重块51换成浮标59)，所述浮标A左侧所述绳子44的端点所连接的绝缘连杆153的另一端、左侧的单芯电缆12，均连接在所述旋转式电路连接器148的一个接线端，所述浮标A右侧所述绳子的端点所连接的绝缘连杆153的另一端、右侧的单芯电缆12，均连接在所述电路连接器148的另一个接线端；电路连接器148的公共轴通过绝缘连杆153与所述浮标A连接。
原理：浮标A在海面上随波起伏，两侧绳子44的夹角经常变化，对于依附在所述绳子上的电缆12来说，如果两侧电缆直接连接，必定因为频繁弯曲而断裂，而有了旋转式电路连接器148后，两侧电缆12的夹角变化完全由电路连接器148完成，电缆12与绳子44不会发 生相对运动，从而保护了电缆。
优选的：用一柔性绝缘套150(如橡胶套)将所述电路连接器148以及其与所述电缆12的连接处密封起来，以隔绝海水和防止漏电。所述浮标A位于所述柔性绝缘套150外，所述绝缘连杆153从所述柔性绝缘套150上的孔处钻入，所述孔处要做密封防水处理。
对于方案X，优选的有：见图20B，所述漂浮体队列，排成环形(例如钟表的数字)队列；为保持环形，部分漂浮体被抓地锚46(星形)系泊，队列中有多个波浪发电机的浮体，所述波浪发电机的发电机G均为直流发电机/输出经过整流的交流发电机，按队列次序，将所有的波浪发电机的发电机通过电路(虚线)串联起来，但第一个发电机G1和最后一个发电机G5之间不直接电连接，从而形成一个总电源，开环处的输出电压等于各发电机的电压之和。该方案优点是：可采用单芯电缆，能量汇总简单，免去了升压站，成本低。本实施例中，优选的：所述电路沿所述绳子44(黑实线)延伸时，采用方案X-1，所述电路从发电机到浮体外则采用方案X-2，所述电路在经过所述绳子中间所系的重块(黑正方形)处时，采用方案X-3、所述电路在经过所述浮标(六边形)时，则采用方案X-4。
针对本说明书，以下几段内容均为优选的建议：本说明书所有浮体、控绳机构外壳，都可是钢制/玻璃钢/高密度聚乙烯/聚脲壳体，如Q235材质；本说明书的所有的零部件除液压系统、重力锚、电气部分、发电机、绳索、绳子、绳缆、缆绳、导缆器的滚柱及工作中需变形的零件外，均可采用钢材料，例如碳钢(优选Q235)或不锈钢；导缆器上的滚柱可采用尼龙材料；本说明书提到的用作采能索的绳索，以及在有的实施例中采用的连接活塞杆末端与控绳机构顶端的的绳索可选用高强度、高模量的材料，如UHMWPE,为减少磨损，优选的：可外包耐磨软质材料(如橡胶)制成的套；本说明书的其他绳缆、绳子、缆绳、绳索可采用PP/聚乙烯/尼龙绳；本说明书提到的所有轴承(包括导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳、导向滚轮内的轴承)都可采用铜基石墨自润滑轴承/陶瓷轴承；防腐方面的手段：如果浮体、控绳机构外壳是钢制，则可采用玻璃钢/聚脲/高密度聚乙烯覆盖的钢制壳体，或牺牲阳极保护法、或外表喷漆；重力锚、配重、重块可用水泥块/铁块来做。本说明书的绳索/绳子/绳缆/缆绳与其他刚性零部件的连接可采用鸡心环方式，该鸡心环与其他刚性零部件上的U形环配对使用。
液压及电气系统方面：电磁开关阀可采用直动式/分步直动式/先导式，最好选择常闭型；蓄能器(包括第三蓄能器、高压蓄能器、低压蓄能器)可采用气囊式/活塞式/隔膜式/弹簧式，优选活塞式(属于气体加载类)；液压油管可采用钢丝或夹布的，如果油管不是运动的也可采用钢管；发电机可采用永磁无刷的直流或交流发电机，液压马达可采用端面配流的轴向柱塞马达，摆动缸采用齿轮齿条式/叶片式/螺旋式，补油泵可采用摆线泵；电缆采用铜/铝电缆。
本说明书及附图所提到的油箱，可以是开式油箱，但因为浮体在海面上摇摆不定，为防止液压油洒出来，可以采用闭式油箱，有充气式和隔离式，但最好是隔离式。
为了保证发电机的电压稳定，需要发电机转速的稳定，而大浪和小浪下液压缸输出的流量是不同的。本说明书提到的液压马达，可以是电液变量马达，单片机根据发电机输出的电压，来控制该变量马达的排量，来实现不同流量下马达、发电机的转速的基本稳定。也可以采用定量液压马达，但在液压马达与发电机之间插入变速器；但最好是可以电控变速的，单片机根据发电机电压，对该电控变速器的传动比进行控制，液压马达虽然转速受到波况影响，但通过改变传动比，来让发电机转速依然保持稳定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，包括波浪能采集转换系统，该波浪能采集转换系统包括海面组件、采能索、水下之相对运动参照物，所述海面组件为单浮体弹簧复位型/单浮体压差复位型/双浮体重力复位型，所述海面组件包括浮体、相对浮体运动之构件、液压系统及发电机，所述液压系统分为闭式循环/开式循环，闭式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀；开式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、油箱、准入单向阀；其特征在于：在该液压系统的液压缸的进出油口处的液压管路上，也就是在所述液压缸与所述准出单向阀之间的管路上，再引出一条新液压支路，该液压支路经过一电磁开关阀/电动开关阀，最终是连接一第三蓄能器；单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/其所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀的开关动作进行控制；所述电磁开关阀也可以替换为换向支路，具体为：一电磁两位四通阀，其工作状态为：P>>A,B>>T或P>>B,A>>T，增加一含第三单向阀的支路将B、A通口连接，形成B>>第三单向阀>>A支路，所述电磁两位四通阀的P、T口替换到原所述电磁开关阀所连接处，所述单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁两位四通阀进行控制；
    优选的：所述水下之相对运动参照物为吊锚，或海床上的重力锚/摩擦桩/吸力锚；
    优选的：所述电磁开关阀为直动式/分步直动式/先导式；
    优选的：所述第三蓄能器/高压蓄能器/低压蓄能器为气囊式/活塞式/隔膜式/弹簧式。
  2. 一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，包括波浪能采集转换系统，该波浪能采集转换系统包括海面组件、采能索、水下之相对运动参照物，所述海面组件为单浮体弹簧复位型/单浮体压差复位型/双浮体重力复位型，所述海面组件包括浮体、相对浮体运动之构件、液压系统及发电机，所述液压系统分为闭式循环/开式循环，闭式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀；开式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、油箱、准入单向阀；其特征在于：在所述液压系统的所述准出单向阀旁边，再并联一液压支路，该支路上设一电磁开关阀/电动开关阀，单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/其所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀的开关动作进行控制，所述电磁开关阀也可以替换为换向支路，具体为：一电磁两位四通阀，其工作状态为：P>>A,B>>T或P>>B,A>>T，增加一含第三单向阀的支路将B、A通口连接，形成B>>第三单向阀>>A支路，所述电磁两位四通阀的P、T口替换到原所述电磁开关阀所连接处，所述单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁两位四通阀进行控制；以所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路为分界点，所述并联支路的近液压缸一段定义为前半段，近高压蓄能器一段定义为后半段；
    优选的：所述水下之相对运动参照物为吊锚，或海床上的重力锚/摩擦桩/吸力锚；
    优选的：所述高压蓄能器/低压蓄能器，为气囊式/活塞式/隔膜式/弹簧式；
    优选的：所述电磁开关阀为直动式/分步直动式/先导式。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：在所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路之前或后的新液压支路上，再插入一摆动缸/泵&马达，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与飞轮轴连，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与 所述飞轮联动；
    优选的，增加转速传感器，所述单片机/PLC根据该转速传感器监测到的飞轮转速情况，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀进行关闭控制；或在所述新液压支路上设一液压油的流向传感器/流量传感器/液压传感器，所述单片机/PLC根据该流向/流量传感器监测液压油的流向/流量的变化情况，或根据液压传感器监测到的液压变化情况，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀进行关闭控制；
    优选的：所述摆动缸为叶片式/齿轮齿条式/螺旋式/杠杆式；
    优选的：所述带式/齿轮/链式传动机构是给所述飞轮增速的；
    优选的：所述泵&马达为采用端面配流的轴向柱塞泵或轴配流的径向柱塞马达。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：在所述并联支路上再插入一摆动缸/泵&马达，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与飞轮轴连，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与飞轮联动；
    优选的，所述摆动缸为叶片式/齿轮齿条式/螺旋式/杠杆式；
    优选的：所述带式/齿轮/链式传动机构是给所述飞轮增速的；
    优选的：所述摆动缸/泵&马达插入的位置位于所述并联支路的前半段，在所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路与所述摆动缸/泵&马达之间的液压管路上，再引出一条续流支路，该续流支路经一止逆阀与所述液压系统中的低压蓄能器/油箱连接，如果所述液压系统是闭式循环则为低压蓄能器，如果是开式循环，则为油箱；该止逆阀的导通方向为从低压蓄能器/油箱处流向所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路与所述摆动缸/泵&马达之间处；
    优选的：所述摆动缸上安装有复位弹簧，该复位弹簧的复位力使得所述摆动缸上液压油流向是从摆动缸的近所述液压缸一端流向另一端；
    优选的：所述泵&马达为采用端面配流的轴向柱塞泵或轴配流的径向柱塞马达。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：在所述新液压支路上再插入一增压缸；优选的：在所述新液压支路上再插入一摆动缸/泵&马达，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与所述飞轮轴连，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与所述飞轮联动。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：在所述并联支路上再插入一增压缸；优选的：所述增压缸上的近液压缸一侧的有效工作面积大于其近高压蓄能器一侧；
    优选的：在所述并联支路上再插入一摆动缸/泵&马达，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与所述飞轮轴连，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与所述飞轮联动；
    进一步优选的：增加监测所述飞轮的转速传感器，或在所述并联支路上插入一流向/流量传感器，或在所述液压缸与所述摆动缸/泵&马达之间插入一液压传感器，单片机/PLC根据所述转速/流向/流量/液压传感器对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀进行关闭控制。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述第二传感器有如下几种：
    a)测距传感器：安装在浮体上，监测与采能索联动的构件与浮体顶面的距离变化；优选的：该传感器安装在浮体顶面，被监测的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；优选的：所述 测距传感器为激光式/超声波式/红外线式；
    b)直线位移传感器：包括两个可相对直线运动的部件，一个部件连接到浮体，另一个部件连接到与采能索联动的构件上；优选的：所述的一个部件连接到浮体顶面，被另一个部件连接到的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；优选的：所述直线位移传感器为拉绳式/拉杆式；
    c)直线速度传感器：包括两个可相对直线运动的部件，一个部件连接到浮体，另一个部件连接到与采能索联动的构件上；优选的：所述的第一个部件连接的是浮体顶面，所述的第二个部件所连接的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；
    d)加速度传感器：安装在所述浮体上，测量所述浮体的运动加速度；
    e)吃水传感器：安装在所述浮体外底面的水压传感器；
    f)拉力传感器：串联的接入到所述采能索上，以监测该采能索的拉力；
    g)液压传感器：安装在所述液压缸的进出口处的液压管路上，监测进出油口处的液压；
    h)流量传感器：安装在所述液压缸进出油口处的液压管路上，监测进出油口处的流量；优选的：所述单片机/PLC通过无线通讯模块从外界接收另外的波况数据/人工设置的参数/指令。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述海面组件为单浮体压差复位B型，具体结构为：一浮体，结构可理解为：一封闭壳体，中心贯穿一竖直的直管，然后去除直管内的壳体部分，形成一个中心有通孔的全封闭壳体；一倒L刚架的竖边为方管或细长方体的长直杆，该竖边从安装在所述通孔中的上下两个间隔一定距离的四滚柱导缆器中穿过，并且其四个侧面与所述四滚柱导缆器的四个滚柱分别一一紧贴，所述两个四滚柱导缆器也可替换为上下两段引导倒L刚架上下运动的导轨；倒L刚架的横边在所述浮体之上，该横边与一竖直/倾斜的柱塞缸的柱塞杆柄连接，该柱塞缸的缸体后端与所述浮体顶面连接，所述柱塞缸也可倒置连接，即：其柱塞缸缸体后端与所述倒L刚架的横边连接，其柱塞杆柄与所述浮体的封闭壳体顶面连接；所述柱塞缸与其他构件(浮体/倒L刚架)的所述连接为固接/铰轴/耳环方式，但如果柱塞缸是倾斜的，则不适用固接；倒L刚架底端与所述采能索一端连接，该采能索另一端与所述水下之相对运动参照物连接，或所述倒L刚架底端先与控绳机构顶端连接，该控绳机构的采能索的底端与所述水下之相对运动参照物连接，所述倒L刚架与控绳机构顶端的连接方式为固接/活动连接，优选挠性/万向连接，比如双锁环/十字万向连接；
    所述液压系统为闭式循环，循环路线是所述柱塞缸腔、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀，所述液压马达带动发电机发电；
    另外所述两导缆器/导轨中下面的那个，也可以安装在一竖立直筒内的底部；具体为：增加一竖立直筒，该直筒顶端与所述浮体底面固接，该直筒轴线与所述通孔轴线重合，该直筒内径大于所述通孔，或内径小于所述通孔但顶端固接一法兰，通过该法兰与所述浮体底面固接；所述的两个导缆器/导轨中的下面的那个，下移安装到所述直筒内的底部，而上面的那个导缆器/导轨安装在所述浮体通孔内的上部；
    优选的：在所述闭式液压系统中，串接一滤油器，该滤油器处于所述准入单向阀与所述低压蓄能器之间；
    优选的：所述发电机为无刷永磁的交流或直流发电机；
    优选的：所述马达为端面配流的轴向柱塞马达；
    优选的：所述浮体的结构为：轴线有通孔的圆柱体外形，全封闭壳体；进一步优选的，材质为钢制/高密度聚乙烯/聚氨酯/玻璃钢/聚脲；
    优选的：所述柱塞杆外套防护罩，该防护罩一端与柱塞杆柄对接密封，另一端与所述柱塞缸缸体外侧对接密封；
    优选的：所述倒L刚架、直筒是刚性构件，进一步优选的：材料为钢或铝合金；
    优选的：所述直筒为圆管形，该直筒与所述浮体的固接为焊接/法兰式连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：采用了吊锚技术，所述水下之相对运动参照物为被两侧浮标通过缆绳悬吊的重力锚；
    优选的：所述悬吊重力锚的手段可采用直连/滑轮/双索道/侧绕/担架吊锚方式；
    优选的：该悬吊的重力锚底部与一水平放置的阻尼板固接，所述重力锚处于阻尼板的中央上方处；
    优选的：悬吊所述重力锚的所述缆绳中段用一拉簧代替；进一步优选的，如所述吊锚为直连吊锚/担架吊锚，则该重力锚两侧的悬吊缆绳上均串接有拉簧；
    优选的：所述浮标为细长胶囊外形，轴线竖立，悬吊重力锚的所述缆绳连接在该胶囊形浮标的底端中心。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述浮体处于一个漂浮体队列中，本波浪发电机的浮体也算作队列中的一员，该队列的首尾漂浮体被系泊，该队列中的相邻漂浮体之间用绳子连接，所述本波浪发电机的发电机引出来的电路，钻出浮体外，附在所述绳子并顺其延伸；可采用方案X-1、X-2、X-3、X-4、X-5；
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CN117208459A (zh) * 2023-07-05 2023-12-12 河北冉明机电技术有限公司 一种线缆输送装置
CN117208459B (zh) * 2023-07-05 2024-02-23 河北冉明机电技术有限公司 一种线缆输送装置

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