WO2020069669A1 - 一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机 - Google Patents

一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机

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Publication number
WO2020069669A1
WO2020069669A1 PCT/CN2019/109807 CN2019109807W WO2020069669A1 WO 2020069669 A1 WO2020069669 A1 WO 2020069669A1 CN 2019109807 W CN2019109807 W CN 2019109807W WO 2020069669 A1 WO2020069669 A1 WO 2020069669A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
cylinder
floating body
branch
cable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/109807
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曲言明
Original Assignee
曲言明
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 曲言明 filed Critical 曲言明
Publication of WO2020069669A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020069669A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1885—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is tied to the rem
    • F03B13/189—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is tied to the rem acting directly on the piston of a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/008—Measuring or testing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B15/00—Controlling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a wave generator, which belongs to the field of wave power generation.
  • CN107255060A and CN103104408A are the prior art closest to the present invention, but there is a problem of wave height utilization loss.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a wave generator with buoyancy unidirectional work, which can pre-energize the energy cable relative to the previous technology.
  • a wave generator with buoyancy unidirectional work including a wave energy acquisition and conversion system (WECS for short), the wave energy acquisition and conversion system includes a sea surface component, an energy acquisition cable, and a relative motion reference object under water;
  • WECS wave energy acquisition and conversion system
  • the sea surface component refers to: the wave energy collection and conversion system, the most basic part close to the water surface, which converts the wave energy collection into electrical energy (excluding the rope control device), including the floating body, the relative movement of the floating body, the hydraulic system And generator; sea surface components are divided into single-floating spring return type, single-floating pressure difference reset type (A and B) and double-floating weight reset type (A and B);
  • an elongated flexible transmission tension element such as a rope / chain / O-shaped transmission belt, preferably a super Polymer polyethylene rope
  • withstands pulse tension is a key force transmission component for collecting wave energy
  • the energy harvesting cable is part of the rope control device, and the member that moves relative to the floating body is controlled by The energy collecting cable of the rope device is indirectly connected to the relative motion reference object under water.
  • the underwater relative motion reference object refers to a solid providing a relative motion reference for the floating body, such as a hanging anchor (gravity anchor suspended in water) or a gravity anchor on the seabed, or a friction pile inserted on the seabed / Suction anchor.
  • a hanging anchor gravitation anchor suspended in water
  • a gravity anchor on the seabed or a friction pile inserted on the seabed / Suction anchor.
  • the component that moves relative to the floating body forms a pair of relative motion mechanisms with the floating body.
  • the wave buoyancy force acts upward on the floating body, and the energy-saving cable pull force acts downward on this member to drive the output of the hydraulic cylinder connecting the two.
  • High-pressure hydraulic oil The hydraulic system is divided into closed circulation / open circulation.
  • the closed circulation route is: hydraulic cylinder, quasi-exit check valve, high-pressure accumulator, hydraulic motor, low-pressure accumulator, admission check valve; open type
  • the circulation route is: a hydraulic cylinder, a check-out check valve, a high-pressure accumulator, a hydraulic motor, an oil tank, and a check-in check valve: the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity.
  • the specific structure of the sea surface component is: a floating body, the structure can be understood as: a closed shell, the center runs through a vertical Straight pipe, and then remove the shell part of the straight pipe to form a fully enclosed shell with a through hole in the center;
  • the vertical side of an inverted L frame is a square tube or a long straight rod of rectangular cross section, which is installed from the The upper and lower two through-hole four-roller guides at a certain distance pass through the through hole, and the four sides of the four-roller guide are in close contact with the four rollers of the four-roller guide, respectively.
  • a four-roller cable guide can also be replaced with two upper and lower guide rails that guide the up and down movement of the inverted L frame; the lateral edge of the inverted L frame is above the floating body, and the lateral edge is a vertical / inclined (preferably It is inclined in the plane where the inverted L frame is located)
  • the plunger rod handle of the plunger cylinder is connected, the end of the cylinder body of the plunger cylinder is connected to the top surface of the closed casing, and the plunger cylinder can also be connected upside down , That is, the end of the plunger cylinder is connected to the horizontal side of the inverted L frame, and the plunger rod handle is connected to the floating body
  • the top surface of the closed casing is connected; the connection between the plunger cylinder and other components is fixed / lug / hinge shaft / earring (if the plunger cylinder is inclined, it is not suitable for fixed connection); inverted L just
  • the bottom end of the frame is connected to one end of the energy collecting cable, and the other end of
  • the hydraulic system is a closed cycle, and the circulation route is the plunger cylinder cavity, the check out valve (relative to the plunger cylinder), the high pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor, the low pressure accumulator, and the admission check valve (relative To the plunger cylinder), the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity; preferably: the hydraulic pipe connected to the oil inlet and outlet of the plunger cylinder (non-drain place) is drilled in from the top cover of the floating body For sealing treatment, it is preferable that the generator and the hydraulic system except the plunger cylinder are in the floating body cavity;
  • the lower one of the two cable guides / rails can also be installed at the bottom in an upright straight cylinder.
  • an upright straight cylinder is added, the top of the straight cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the floating body, the axis of the straight cylinder coincides with the axis of the through hole, the inner diameter of the straight cylinder is larger than the through hole, or its inner diameter is smaller than the through hole but its top
  • a flange is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the floating body through the flange; the lower one of the two fairleads / rails is moved down to the bottom of the straight cylinder, and the upper one is guided
  • the cable / rail is installed in the upper part of the through hole of the floating body, and the above content is the solution VIII.
  • scheme VIII-1 is preferred: in the closed hydraulic system, an oil filter is connected in series, and the oil filter is located between the admission check valve and the low-pressure accumulator;
  • scheme VIII-2 is preferred: the generator is a brushless permanent magnet AC or DC generator;
  • the motor is an axial plunger motor with end face flow
  • scheme VIII-4 is preferred: the plunger cylinder is placed at the bottom and the plunger rod is placed upward, and a cover is added to the top of the cylinder of the plunger cylinder, the cover and the plunger cylinder Between the top surface of the body, there is formed a sealed cavity for collecting the oil drain at the head of the plunger rod.
  • the plunger rod passes through the seal ring at the top surface of the cavity, and a drain pipe is led out from the sealed cavity, and then Extend downward and drill into the cavity from the top cover of the floating body, and the drilling place is to be sealed, without destroying the full sealing of the floating body, and the oil drain pipe finally enters an oil tank; preferably: the oil motor oil pipe is also Extend into the fuel tank;
  • scheme VIII-4-1 is preferred: an electric charge pump draws hydraulic oil from the oil tank and injects it into the closed-loop hydraulic system. It is further preferred that the electric charge pump is a cycloid pump driven by a motor. It is further preferred that the injection position is next to the pipeline of the low-pressure accumulator.
  • the structure of the floating body is: a cylindrical shape with a through hole in the axis, a fully enclosed shell; further preferably, the material of the floating body is steel / high density polyethylene / polyurethane / Fiberglass.
  • scheme VIII-6 is preferred: the plunger rod outer protective cover (preferably made of soft rubber), one end of the protective cover is butt-sealed with the plunger rod handle, and the other end is connected to the plunger cylinder Butt joint sealing on the outside of the body;
  • the inverted L rigid frame and the straight cylinder are rigid members, and the material is steel / aluminum alloy, such as carbon steel (eg Q235) or stainless steel (eg 316);
  • scheme VIII-8 is preferred: the straight cylinder is in the shape of a round tube, and the fixed connection between the straight cylinder and the floating body is a welding / flange connection.
  • scheme VIII-9 is preferred: preferably: the cable of the rope control device starts from the floating body cavity, drills upward from the top surface of the floating body, then changes into a spiral shape and extends upward, and finally drills into a horizontal steel pipe, which The steel pipe is welded to the side of the vertical side of the inverted L rigid frame and the lumen is in communication with each other. The cable extends horizontally along the steel pipe and enters the vertical side square tube of the inverted L rigid frame and then extends downwards.
  • connection of the top surface of the rope control mechanism is a movable connection, then the cable is drilled from the side of the bottom end of the inverted L rigid frame and finally enters the casing of the rope control rack; if the inverted L rigid frame and the rope control mechanism If the casing is fixedly connected, the cable can enter the casing of the rope control rack directly from the outlet of the bottom end of the inverted L frame, but the entrance should be sealed; or, the lateral edge of the inverted L frame It is a steel pipe, instead of the horizontal steel pipe, the cable enters from the lateral edge instead.
  • Various sea surface components can be pre-tensioned by the hydraulic system (that is, the following pre-tensioning scheme) to pre-energize the energy-collecting cable and improve the wave height utilization rate.
  • the hydraulic system that is, the following pre-tensioning scheme
  • Externally accumulator preloading scheme I a wave generator with buoyancy unidirectional work, including a wave energy acquisition and conversion system, the wave energy acquisition and conversion system includes a sea surface component, an energy acquisition cable, and a relative motion reference object under water,
  • the sea surface component is a single-floating spring return type / single-floating pressure difference resetting type / double-floating weight resetting type, including a floating body, a member moving relative to the floating body, a hydraulic system and a generator;
  • the hydraulic system is divided into a closed type / open type Circulation, closed circulation route: hydraulic cylinder, check-out check valve, high-pressure accumulator, hydraulic motor, low-pressure accumulator, admission check valve; open circulation route: hydraulic cylinder, check-out check valve, high pressure Accumulator, hydraulic motor, oil tank, admission check valve; characterized in: on the hydraulic line at the inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic system (that is, on the hydraulic cylinder and the admission check To the pipeline between the valve
  • the electromagnetic switch valve can also be replaced with a directional branch, specifically: an electromagnetic two-position four-way valve, the working state of which is: P >> A, B >> T or P >> B, A >> T, Add a branch with one-way valve to connect B and A ports to form B >> third one-way valve >> A branch, and replace the P and T ports of the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve with the solenoid Where the on-off valve is connected, the single-chip / PLC receives a signal from a second sensor that monitors the working state of the sea surface component / located wave surface state, and controls the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve;
  • scheme I-1 is preferred: the solenoid switch valve is direct-acting type / step-by-step direct-acting type / pilot type;
  • the third accumulator / high-pressure accumulator / low-pressure accumulator is of the airbag type / piston type / diaphragm type / spring type.
  • the underwater relative motion reference is a hanging anchor, or a gravity anchor / friction pile / suction anchor on the seabed.
  • High-pressure side reflux type pretensioning scheme II a wave generator with buoyancy unidirectional work, including a wave energy acquisition and conversion system, the wave energy acquisition and conversion system includes a sea surface component, an energy acquisition cable, and a relative motion reference object under water,
  • the sea surface component is a single-floating spring return type / single-floating pressure difference resetting type / double-floating weight resetting type, which includes a floating body, a member moving relative to the floating body, a hydraulic system and a generator.
  • the hydraulic system is divided into closed circulation / opening Type circulation, closed circulation route is: hydraulic cylinder, quasi-exit check valve, high pressure accumulator, hydraulic motor, low pressure accumulator, admission check valve; open circulation route is: hydraulic cylinder, quasi exit unidirectional Valves, high-pressure accumulators, hydraulic motors, oil tanks, admission check valves; characterized in that: next to the admission check valves of the hydraulic system, a hydraulic branch is connected in parallel, and an electromagnetic circuit is provided on the branch On-off valve / electric on-off valve, the single chip microcomputer / PLC receives the signal from the second sensor that monitors the working state of the sea surface component / the wave surface state where it is located, and controls the switching action of the electromagnetic on-off valve / electric on-off valve ,
  • the electromagnetic switch valve can also be replaced with a directional branch, specifically: an electromagnetic two-position four-way valve, its working state is: P >> A, B >> T or P >> B, A >> T , Add a branch with one-way valve to connect
  • the electromagnetic switching valve is a direct-acting / step-by-step direct-acting / pilot-operating on-off valve.
  • Plan II-2 is preferred: the underwater relative motion reference is a hanging anchor, or a gravity anchor / friction pile / suction anchor on the seabed.
  • scheme II-3 is preferred: the high-pressure accumulator / low-pressure accumulator is an airbag type / piston type / diaphragm type / spring type.
  • Plan I and Plan II can be applied to the aforementioned sea surface components.
  • the preferred solution III inserting in the new hydraulic branch before or after the electromagnetic switch valve / electric switch valve / reversing branch (the so-called “insert” refers to Connected in series to form a series relationship with other hydraulic components on the hydraulic line) a swing cylinder / pump & motor (both can be used as a pump and a motor), the shaft of the swing cylinder / pump & motor is connected to the flywheel shaft ( The so-called shaft connection means that the two main shafts are coaxial), or the shaft of the swing cylinder / pump & motor is linked with the flywheel through a belt / gear / chain transmission mechanism;
  • scheme III-1 adding a speed sensor, and the single chip microcomputer / PLC performs closing control of the electromagnetic switching valve / electric switching valve according to the speed of the flywheel monitored by the speed sensor; or
  • the new hydraulic branch is provided with a flow direction sensor / flow sensor / hydraulic sensor of hydraulic oil, and the single chip microcomputer / PLC monitors the change of flow direction / flow of hydraulic oil according to the flow direction / flow sensor, or the change of hydraulic pressure monitored by the hydraulic sensor, Close control of the electromagnetic switch valve / electric switch valve;
  • the swing cylinder is a blade type / pinion rack type / spiral type / lever type;
  • scheme III-3 is preferred: the belt / gear / chain transmission mechanism increases the speed of the flywheel.
  • the pump & motor is an axial plunger pump with end face flow distribution or a radial plunger motor with shaft flow distribution.
  • scheme IV inserting a swing cylinder / pump & motor on the first half or the second half of the parallel branch, the shaft of the swing cylinder / pump & motor and The flywheel shaft is connected, or the shaft of the swing cylinder / pump & motor is linked with the flywheel through a belt / gear / chain transmission mechanism;
  • scheme IV-1 is preferred: the swing cylinder is a blade type / pinion rack type / spiral type / lever type;
  • scheme IV-2 is preferred: the belt / gear / chain transmission mechanism increases the speed of the flywheel;
  • scheme IV-3 the insertion position of the swing cylinder / pump & motor is located in the first half of the parallel branch, and the solenoid switch valve / electric switch valve / reversing branch and the swing
  • a free-flow branch is drawn, which is connected to the low-pressure accumulator / oil tank of the hydraulic system via a check valve, if the hydraulic system If it is a closed cycle, it is a low-pressure accumulator, if it is an open cycle, it is an oil tank;
  • the conduction direction of the check valve is from the low-pressure accumulator / oil tank to the electromagnetic switch valve / electric switch valve / Between the reversing branch and the swing cylinder / pump &motor;
  • scheme IV-4 a return spring is installed on the swing cylinder, and the return force of the return spring causes the hydraulic oil on the swing cylinder to flow from the end near the hydraulic cylinder to the electromagnetic On-off valve / electric on-off valve / reversing branch end.
  • the pump & motor is an axial plunger pump with end face flow distribution or a radial plunger motor with shaft flow distribution;
  • scheme V insert a booster cylinder on the new hydraulic branch
  • solution V-1 insert a swing cylinder / pump & motor on the new hydraulic branch, the shaft of the swing cylinder / pump & motor is connected to the flywheel shaft, or the swing cylinder / pump & The shaft of the motor is linked with the flywheel through a belt / gear / chain transmission mechanism.
  • scheme VI is preferred: insert a booster cylinder on the parallel branch;
  • scheme VI-1 the effective working area of the booster cylinder on the side near the hydraulic cylinder is larger than that on the side near the high-pressure accumulator;
  • scheme VI-2 is preferred: insert a swing cylinder / pump & motor on the parallel branch, the shaft of the swing cylinder / pump & motor is connected to the flywheel shaft, or the swing cylinder / The shaft of the pump & motor is linked with the flywheel through a belt / gear / chain transmission mechanism.
  • a speed sensor for monitoring the flywheel or insert a flow direction / flow sensor on the parallel branch, or insert between the hydraulic cylinder and the swing cylinder / pump & motor A hydraulic sensor, and the single chip microcomputer / PLC performs closing control on the electromagnetic switching valve / electric switching valve / reversing branch according to the rotation speed / flow direction / flow rate / hydraulic sensor.
  • the second sensor has the following types:
  • the distance measuring sensor installed on the floating body, monitoring the change of the distance between the member linked with the energy collecting cable and the top surface of the floating body;
  • the distance measuring sensor is laser type / ultrasonic type / infrared type;
  • Linear displacement sensor placed vertically, including two parts that can move relatively linearly, one part is connected to the floating body, and the other part is connected to the member linked with the energy collecting cable; preferably: the one part is connected to The top surface of the floating body, the member connected by another component is above the top surface of the floating body; preferably: the linear displacement sensor is of a rope / rod type;
  • Linear velocity sensor placed vertically, including two parts that can move relatively linearly, one part is connected to the floating body, and the other part is connected to the member linked with the energy collecting cable; preferably: the first part mentioned The top surface of the floating body is connected, and the member connected by the second component is above the top surface of the floating body;
  • Acceleration sensor installed in the floating body cavity to measure the motion acceleration of the floating body
  • Draught sensor a water pressure sensor installed at the bottom of the floating body to monitor the amount of draught of the floating body;
  • Tension sensor connect in series (the tension sensor replaces a certain section of the energy collecting cable, or forms a series relationship with the energy collecting cable) to the energy collecting cable to monitor the tension of the energy collecting cable;
  • Hydraulic sensor installed on the hydraulic pipeline near the oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder to monitor the hydraulic pressure at the oil inlet and outlet;
  • Flow sensor installed on the hydraulic pipeline near the oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder to monitor the flow at the oil inlet and outlet;
  • scheme VII-1 is preferred: the MCU / PLC receives additional wave condition data / manually set parameters from the outside world through a wireless communication module.
  • the derivative solution of the hanging anchor technology is also introduced here.
  • the hanging anchor technology please refer to the patent application CN107255060A.
  • scheme IX-1 is preferred: the bottom of the suspended gravity anchor is fixedly connected to a horizontally placed damping plate, and the position of the gravity anchor is above the center of the damping plate;
  • the preferred scheme is IX-2: the middle section of the cable for suspending the gravity anchor is replaced with a tension spring. It is further preferred that if the hanging anchor is a directly connected hanging anchor, tension springs are serially connected to the hanging cables on both sides.
  • the preferred solution is IX-3:
  • the buoy for suspending the gravity anchor is in the shape of an elongated capsule, the axis is erected, and its connection point with the suspension cable is located at the center of the bottom end of the capsule buoy.
  • scheme IX-1-1 is preferred: the MCU / PLC can receive manual commands, and the motor of the damping plate performs forward, reverse, and stop control, thereby controlling the expansion or collapse of the damping plate, There are four structural forms of the damping plate:
  • Electric side-opening damping plate It has the same structure as the electric side-opening window on the market, except that the glass plate is replaced with a steel plate;
  • Electric sliding type damping plate the same as the electric sliding door on the market or the electric window structure of the car, except that the glass plate is replaced with a steel plate; electric folding damping plate: including folding steel plate, drive motor, and satellite folding It is the same as the solar panel, except that the material of the panel is replaced with a steel plate; the electric louver damping plate: including the louvers and the drive motor, has the same structure as the wall-mounted home air conditioner to adjust the wind direction, but the louvers are selected as the steel plate material.
  • the above electric damping plate should be symmetrical before and after the gravity anchor and on the left and right sides to maintain a balanced force.
  • the preferred scheme is X-1: the gravity anchor of the wave generator is suspended by the buoys on both sides by cables, and the buoy of the wave generator is connected with the buoy by a rope, and the wave energy is collected After the cable drawn from the generator of the conversion system is drilled out of the floating body, it extends along the rope. A part of the cable is spirally wound on the rope, or a part of the spiral cable is used, and the spiral cable is sheathed on the rope.
  • the preferred scheme X-2 the gravity anchor of the wave generator is suspended by cables on both sides, and the wave generator's floating body is connected to the buoy with a rope, and the wave generator is led out After the cable is drilled out of the floating body, it extends along the rope, passing through the rotary / universal joint / ball hinged power connector; specifically: the cable is just drilled out of the floating body, or in the middle of the rope
  • the weight of the system is connected to one terminal of a rotary / universal joint / ball hinged power connector, and the other terminal of the rotary / universal joint / ball hinged power connector is connected to one end of another cable.
  • the rotary power connector / universal joint / ball hinged power connector is installed on the rope on the floating body / on the weight / weight point. It is further preferred that the rotary / universal joint / ball-hinge power connectors are waterproof.
  • its material is a conductor (such as copper / aluminum), wrapped with insulation, and only two ends are exposed as terminals for connecting wires;
  • scheme X-3 is preferred: a plurality of wave generators using hanging anchors connected in series by a rope form a ring array; the generators of the wave generators are all DC generators / Output rectified alternator, in which two cables from the positive and negative poles of a certain generator are drilled out of the float, and follow the rope (right side to the left side and positive side to the right side) The rope between the buoy and the buoy) extends, on the left, its positive cable is connected to the negative cable of the adjacent wave generator on the left, and the right negative cable is connected to the positive cable of the adjacent wave generator on the right.
  • the generators of the three wave generators are connected in series.
  • the inverted L-shaped WECS wave energy acquisition and conversion assembly of the present disclosure has a simple structure, is easy to disassemble, and is easy to maintain.
  • the inverted L rigid frame and the top of the rope control mechanism are connected by a flexible / universal joint to reduce energy cables Of wear.
  • the externally accumulator-type pretensioning scheme and the high-pressure side reflux type pretensioning scheme of the present disclosure enable the energy-harvesting cables to be actively pre-tensioned during the trough, thereby increasing the draught of the floating body, which is beneficial to improve the utilization rate of wave height.
  • the floating body can also use the remaining net buoyancy to do work when the wave crest, further improving the efficiency of wave energy utilization.
  • the wave generator can keep In addition to the advantages of floating body offset performance and reducing the length of the energy cable, it can also make the gravity anchor relatively stable and reduce the variation of the relative motion amplitude between the wave generator floating body and the gravity anchor, which is beneficial to the external accumulator type Tightening scheme and high-pressure side reflux preloading scheme to judge the working state of WECS.
  • the electronically controlled damping plate allows the anchor to switch between stable and unstable reference objects according to the wave conditions.
  • FIG. 1 Structure diagram of single-floating spring return type WECS
  • Figure 2 Structure diagram of single-floating body pressure reset type A WECS
  • FIG. 3 B-type WECS structure diagram of single-float differential pressure reset (including the basic pretension system on the high-pressure side return flow)
  • Figure 3A Schematic diagram of the commutation branch
  • Figure 3B Control timing table after the solenoid switch valve in Figure 3 is replaced with the commutation branch
  • FIG. 4 Structure diagram of B-type WECS with single pressure difference reset (including square tube)
  • FIG. 1 Structure diagram of double-floating weight reset A-type WECS
  • Figure 6 Structure diagram of double-floating weight reset B-type WECS
  • Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the basic preloading method of external accumulator applied to the single-floating body pressure difference B type WECS (inverted L type)
  • Figure 7A High-pressure side return flow pre-tensioning scheme (booster cylinder + solenoid switch valve)
  • Figure 7B Control timing chart of Figure 7A
  • Figure 7C High-pressure side return-flow pre-tightening scheme (booster cylinder + swing cylinder + solenoid switch valve)
  • Figure 7D Control timing table of Figure 7C
  • Figure 8 Functional relationship diagram of the components of the electrical part of the pretensioning system
  • Figure 9 Circuit diagram of the electrical part of the pretensioning system
  • Figure 10 Single-chip microcomputer flow chart of basic preloading system of external accumulator
  • FIG 11A Single-chip microcomputer flow chart of the basic type pretension system of the high-pressure side return flow (basic type)
  • Figure 11B Single-chip microcomputer flow chart of the high-pressure side reflux pretension system (including swing cylinder + flywheel + freewheel branch)
  • Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the application effect of the pretension system
  • Figure 15 External accumulator type pretension system (open cycle)
  • Figure 16 High pressure side return type pretension system (freewheel branch)
  • Figure 17 Schematic diagram of a series of multi-wave generators using hanging anchors (with damping plates or tension springs added)
  • Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the combination of the hanging anchor system and the generator (spiral cable between floating bodies + rotating / ball hinged power connector)
  • Figure 19 Four types of electronically controlled damping plates
  • Figure 20 Schematic diagram of MCU control damping plate expansion / collapse
  • Figure 21 External accumulator type pretensioning system (reversing branch)
  • Figure 21A Control timing chart of Figure 3
  • Figure 22 External accumulator type pretension system (reversing branch + booster cylinder)
  • Figure 22A Control timing chart of FIG. 22
  • Figure 23 High-pressure side return-flow pretension system (commutation branch + pump & motor)
  • Figure 23A Control timing chart of Figure 23
  • Figure 24 External accumulator type pretension system (reversing branch + swing cylinder)
  • Figure 24A Control timing chart of Figure 24
  • Figure 25 High-pressure side return-flow pretension system (booster cylinder + commutation branch)
  • Figure 25A Control timing chart of Figure 25
  • Figure 26 High-pressure side return-flow pretension system (booster cylinder + pump & motor + commutation branch)
  • Fig. 26A Control timing chart of Fig. 26
  • the rollers can rotate freely and the guided objects roll from each group The column gap passes; because the roller is a cylinder, it can also guide the movement of the square steel or square tube; 12-cable; 13-the outer shell of the rope control mechanism: also part of the frame of the rope control mechanism; 17-gravity anchor; 18-Counterweight: The specific gravity is greater than water, and its gravity is used as the motive force for rope retraction; 19-Inverted L frame: ⁇ -shaped rigid body, the horizontal side is a tube / straight bar, and the vertical side is a long straight bar with a rectangular cross section or a square tube ,
  • the material can choose carbon steel / stainless steel / aluminum alloy, such as Q235; 20-double roller fairlead; 21-main rope; 22-chain; 24-rope; 27-living ; 30-power cable; 33-tension spring; 35-hydraulic tube; 44-third rope; 46-grip anchor; 47-gear; 49-second rope; 50-reset cable 51-weight: the specific gravity is greater than Water
  • 80-ring-shaped floating body a hollow shell of a cylindrical shape with a through hole in the axis, the rotation profile of the axis is rectangular; 81-upright; 82-guide roller: the same as a fixed caster, guided by rolling Direction of component movement.
  • 83- ⁇ bracket steel ⁇ shape, or the same three-legged frame as OPT's Powerbuoy, that is, each end of the flat Y-shaped beam extends down the leg to form a three-leg structure bracket;
  • 84-flex sexual / universal connection it can be a chain / rope, or a pair of locking rings hooked to each other, or a cross universal joint, or a ball hinge; a connection method that allows a certain angle change between the two components connected to each other.
  • 86-rail; 88-rigid frame rigid body frame, preferably carbon steel / stainless steel / aluminum alloy material; 89-cushion block; 94-rack; 97-damper plate; 102-flange: raised edge, limited Bit use; 103-Reset end probe: Proximity switch or sensor for monitoring the reset stroke to the end.
  • 104-second tension spring 106-limiting block: protruding the solid, avoiding the movement of the component it is fixed to exceed the design stroke; 108-square tube; 111-rectangular steel frame: rectangular steel frame installed vertically; 113-square Steel; 114-lugs; 115-drain pipe; 116-rubber tube; 121-spiral cable; 122-electromagnetic switch valve: can also be replaced by a quick-response electric switch valve; 123-flywheel: runner with large rotational inertia; 124-belt drive; 125-oscillating cylinder; 126-second sensor; 127-displacement pump &motor; 128-third accumulator; 129-sea component; 130-motor; 131-window; 132-drive screw; 133-electric mortise lock; 134-electric folding window; 135-electric shutter; 136-electric sliding door; 137: -door frame; 138-plunger cylinder; 139-
  • the wave generator using the wave buoyancy unidirectional work of the present invention is to use the wave buoyancy to do power generation when the wave rises, and to reset when the wave falls, the core is the wave energy acquisition and conversion system, namely Wave Energy Conversion System referred to as WECS (Without rope control device), which includes sea surface components, energy cables, and underwater relative motion references (such as gravity anchors / hanging anchors / vacuum suction anchors / pile), the sea surface components refer to the wave generator close to the sea surface
  • WECS Wave Energy Conversion System
  • WECS Wave Energy Conversion System
  • the part that converts relative motion into electrical energy includes a floating body, a member that moves relative to the floating body, a hydraulic system, and a generator.
  • the member that moves relative to the floating body passes through the energy-absorbing cable and the underwater relative motion reference Connected, or connected through the cable of the rope control device.
  • Section IIA The above-mentioned wave energy acquisition and conversion system differs according to the reset form of the hydraulic cylinder, including the single-float spring return type, the single-float pressure difference reset type, and the double-float weight reset type.
  • WECS single-float differential pressure reset
  • type A with piston cylinder hydroaulic cylinder is pulled during operation
  • type B with plunger cylinder hydroaulic cylinder when working
  • the WECS single-float spring-returned sea surface component in FIG. 1 refers to FIG. 6 of CN103104408A, and the structure is as follows: a single-acting piston cylinder 2 is installed at the bottom of the cavity of the floating body 1, and its piston rod extends downward to the floating body In addition, one end of a rope 24 is connected to the handle of the piston rod 3 of the single-acting piston cylinder, and the other end extends downward through the cable guide 11 installed below the floating body 1 and is connected to the rope control mechanism 79 (in this specification, only the control is discussed for the time being.
  • the rope mechanism is the top of the frame with the energy collecting cable on the top. The bottom end of the energy collecting cable 30 of the rope control mechanism 79 is connected to the gravity anchor.
  • the hydraulic cycle is: a rod cavity of a single-acting piston cylinder, a check-out check valve, a high-pressure accumulator, a hydraulic motor, a fuel tank, and a check-in check valve.
  • the hydraulic motor drives a generator to generate electricity.
  • the single-acting piston cylinder 2 is equipped with a reset tension spring 33.
  • CN103104408A For the principle, please refer to CN103104408A.
  • the single-float differential pressure reset type A WECS of Figure 2 refers to Figure 12 of CN107255060 A.
  • the structure of the floating body 1 in this figure may be: a closed shell with a vertical tube running through the center, after removing the shell part in the straight tube A fully enclosed shell with a through hole in the center is formed, which can also be regarded as a thin-walled hollow shell structure (a square section swimming ring structure in this specification) that is rotated around an axis, and the axis is parallel to one side of the rectangle And there is a certain distance from the rectangle; the bottom of the floating body 1 is fixedly connected to the top of an upright straight cylinder 63, and the axis of the through hole of the equipment compartment coincides with the axis of the vertical cylinder 63, the bottom in the vertical cylinder 63
  • the cable guide 11 is installed, and the three feet (only two are drawn) of a tripod 68 are fixed on the top surface of the floating body.
  • the top end of the tripod 68 is directly above the through hole, and the top of the tripod passes through the chain 22
  • the rope 24 (which can also be replaced by a chain) connected to the piston rod handle of the single-acting hydraulic cylinder 2 has passed through the center hole of the floating body and the cable guide 11 successively, and finally connected
  • a hydraulic system in an cavity in this specification the dotted line rectangle rounded actual location indicated by an arrow
  • the hydraulic system is a closed cycle.
  • the circulation path is a single-acting piston cylinder with a rod cavity, a check-out check valve, a high-pressure accumulator, a hydraulic motor, a low-pressure accumulator, and a check-in check valve.
  • the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity.
  • Figure 3 is a single-floating pressure difference reset B-type WECS referenced from CN107255060A, including plunger cylinder 138, floating body 1, cable guide 11, specifically: floating body 1 is a square cross-section swimming ring structure; plunger cylinder 138 cylinder The lower plunger rod 3 stands upright, the end of the plunger cylinder 138 is fixed near the top surface of the floating body 1, the top of the plunger rod 3 of the plunger cylinder 138 is connected to the center of the top edge of a rectangular steel frame 111, the plunger The cylinder 138 and the plunger rod 3 are always surrounded by the rectangular steel frame 111 on both sides.
  • the two vertical frames and the bottom frame of the rectangular steel frame 111 are kept in contact with the top surface of the floating body 1 and the center hole wall.
  • the rectangular steel frame 111 The center of the bottom edge is connected to the top of a rope 24.
  • the other end of the rope 24 passes through the vertical center hole of the floating body 1 and the cable guide 11 installed below the center hole of the floating body, and then extends downward to connect the control ⁇ ⁇ 79.
  • the hydraulic system is a closed cycle.
  • the circulation route is a single-acting plunger cylinder cavity, a check-out check valve, a high-pressure accumulator, a hydraulic motor, a low-pressure accumulator, and a check-in check valve.
  • the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity. For the principle, see CN107255060A.
  • the hydraulic pipe 35 connected to the oil inlet and outlet of the bottom end of the plunger cylinder 138 is drilled from the top cover of the floating body 1.
  • the bottom end of the plunger cylinder 138 can also be connected to the vicinity of the top face of the floating body 1 by means of lugs / hinge shafts / earrings, but if the plunger cylinder 138 is not constrained in a certain direction
  • the vertical frame of the dumped or rectangular steel frame 111 can be moved to a certain horizontal direction without restriction, then on the two opposite sides of the vertical frame that are perpendicular to the direction of the unconstrained degree of freedom, a guide roller set should be added.
  • the bracket of the roller set is installed on the top surface of the floating body 1.
  • the guide roller set is a pair of identical two cylindrical rollers with parallel axes and end faces aligned at a certain distance, which are closely attached to the vertical of the rectangular steel frame 111 respectively On the opposite sides of the frame, sandwich the vertical frame between two cylindrical rollers.
  • the guide roller set restricts the horizontal swing of the rectangular steel frame 111 in the direction of the degree of freedom, so that the axial cross-section of the rectangular steel frame 111 and the plunger cylinder 138 always coincide to prevent the plunger cylinder 138 from tipping.
  • the rectangular steel frame in FIG. 4 The two vertical frames (ie square steel 113) are simultaneously guided by the guide roller group 82 in both the vertical paper direction and the lateral direction.
  • the rope 24 + fairlead 11 in Figures 2 and 3 can be replaced with a square tube + double fairlead (ie scheme 2-3), specifically: as shown in Figure 4, the bottom border of the rectangular steel frame 111 Instead, it is connected to a vertical square tube 108 (fixed / movable connection).
  • the square tube 108 passes through the two upper and lower cable guides 11 installed at the bottom of the floating body 1.
  • the bottom end of the square tube 108 is connected to the control rope
  • the top surface of the mechanism 79 is connected; the four rollers of the fairlead 11 and the four side surfaces of the square tube 108 are in close contact with each other;
  • a square tube + double cable guide can also be used, as shown in Figure 2 (the square tube scheme is not drawn): the bottom end of the piston rod 3 extending below the single rod piston cylinder 2 is changed to Connected to the top of a vertical square tube (fixed / movable connection), the square tube passes through the two upper and lower cable guides installed at the bottom of the floating body 1, the bottom end of the square tube is connected to the top surface of the rope control mechanism; The four rollers of the cable guide are in close contact with the four sides of the square tube;
  • Scheme 2-3 can also be applied to various WECS in CN103104408A application, such as Figure 1, square tube + double cable guide can replace the rope 24 + rope guide 11, where the bottom end of the piston rod 3 of the hydraulic cylinder Connected to the top of the square tube, the square tube passes through two cable guides installed at the bottom of the floating body 1 at a certain vertical distance, and the bottom end of the square tube is connected to a rope control frame 79.
  • Section III Another type of rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder WECS is a double-float weight reset type WECS, which is divided into type A and type B.
  • the structure of type A (see Figure 5) is: a hollow column 81 (cylindrical), placed vertically , The top end is open and the bottom end is closed, a ring-shaped floating body 80 is sleeved on the column 81, and there is a certain gap between the inner wall of the ring-shaped floating body 80 and the side of the column 81, the top surface of the ring-shaped floating body 80 is fixed with an upright bracket 83 / (or three Leg bracket), the vertical centerline of the ⁇ bracket 83 / the tripod coincides with the axis of the column 81, the piston rod handle of a vertical single-acting piston cylinder 2 and the center of the bottom surface of the beam of the ⁇ bracket 83 (or tripod) / Universal connection 84, the end of the cylinder body of the single-acting piston cylinder 2 and the bottom surface of the cavity
  • the circulation route of the hydraulic system is: the oil tank 72, the admission check valve, the rod cavity of the single-acting piston cylinder, the admission check valve, the high-pressure accumulator, the hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor drives the generator to generate electricity;
  • the bottom end of the column 81 may be fixed to a cylindrical / ellipsoidal underwater buoyancy chamber 52 to increase the buoyancy, and the center lines of the two coincide.
  • the vertical column 81, or the bottom end of the underwater buoyancy chamber 52 is fixedly connected to the top of a vertical rod / vertical cylinder 63, and their center lines coincide;
  • the vertical column 81+ underwater buoyancy chamber 52+ vertical rod / vertical Straight cylinder 63 is a unit connected together, which is a column unit.
  • the bottom end of the overall column is connected to the rope control device 79.
  • the hydraulic system is installed in the column 81 or the underwater buoyancy chamber 52.
  • the second type, double-floating weight reset B-type WECS illustrated in Figure 6, most of the structure of the A-type, except that the hydraulic cylinder 2 in Figure 6 is a piston cylinder with the upper piston rod down, and another annular floating body
  • the 80 moves up and down along the guide rail 86, the other difference is that the overall column + rope control mechanism 79 does not need to maintain sufficient net buoyancy, and even the specific gravity can be greater than water, but the pulley weight mechanism is added.
  • the pulley frame of the pulley 56 is connected to the bottom surface of the ring-shaped floating body 80, a rope 76 is connected to a weight 51 at one end, and the other end extends upward, and then extends downward after bypassing the pulley 56, and finally is tied to the column 81 as a whole (Only one side pulley 56 + rope 76 is drawn in the picture, actually it should be 2 sets of pulley + rope, and it is symmetrical about the axis of the column).
  • the top end of the rope control device 79 is connected to the bottom end of the column as a whole.
  • the hydraulic system is the same as the double-float weight reset type A, except that most of it is installed in the cavity of the ring-shaped floating body 80.
  • the piston rod 3 in FIG. 1, the piston rod 3 in FIG. 2, the rectangular rigid frame 111 in FIG. 3, the square tube 108 in FIG. 4, the overall column (81 + 52 + 63) in FIG. 5, and FIG. 6 The overall of the column (81 + 53), these are the components that move relative to the floating body, and their bottom end (for the rectangular rigid frame is the center of the bottom edge) can also be directly connected to a power cable without connecting the rope control mechanism. At the top, the respective gravity anchors are connected through this energy-harvesting cable. After eliminating the rope control device, WECS can also use wave energy to generate electricity, but it has lost the ability to adjust the distance between the sea surface component and the underwater gravity anchor.
  • Section IV Inverted L-shaped WECS, to be precise, belongs to single-float pressure difference type B.
  • the inverted L-shaped WECS sea surface components include floating body 1, inverted L rigid frame 19, closed hydraulic system, up and down acting as a guide rail Two cable guides 11.
  • the structure of the floating body 1 is a fully enclosed hollow shell with a cylindrical shape having a through hole in the axis, and the rotation section of the axis is rectangular; the inverted L frame 19 of the cross section of one tube has a vertical interval from the top and bottom.
  • the distance four-roller cable guide 11 passes through, wherein the upper cable guide is installed at the upper end in the through hole, and the lower cable guide is installed at the bottom in the straight cylinder 63, the straight cylinder 63 is erected, and the top is fixed
  • the inner diameter of the straight cylinder 63 is greater than (may also be less than, equal to) the through hole on the floating body, and the central axis coincides with the through hole axis of the floating body; the four sides of the vertical side of the inverted L frame are respectively One by one closely with the four rollers of the two cable guides.
  • the cable guide functions as a guide rail that guides the inverted L frame 19 up and down.
  • the straight barrel 63 here is equivalent to a bracket. Of course, there may be no straight barrel 63.
  • the lower cable guide 11 is installed at the bottom of the through hole of the floating body 1.
  • the lateral end of the inverted L rigid frame 19 is connected to the end of the plunger rod 3 of a vertical plunger cylinder, which can be fixed / lug / hinge shaft / earring.
  • the bottom end of the plunger cylinder 138 is connected to the floating body 1
  • the top surface connection can be fixed / lug / hinge shaft / earrings, of course, the plunger cylinder 138 can also be inverted upside down at the end of the horizontal side of the inverted L rigid frame and the top surface of the floating body 1; the plunger cylinder 138 It can also have a certain inclination, preferably in the plane of the inverted L frame; the effect is: when the inverted L frame presses down the hydraulic cylinder, the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder can be driven higher at the end of the work than the initial period, because the When the inverted L frame is lowered, the inclination of the plunger cylinder 138 will increase, and the component force required to compress the plunger cylinder 138 in the vertical direction will be reduced.
  • the bottom end of the inverted L frame 19 is connected to the casing of the rope control mechanism 79, and the connection method used is a flexible / universal connection.
  • the advantage of this connection is that the casing of the rope control mechanism 79 can follow the energy harvesting
  • the swinging and swinging of the cable 30 can reduce the pressure of the cable guide 11 of the energy collecting cable 30 on the rope control mechanism 79, when the cable 30 swings in the axial direction of the pair of rollers along the bottom layer of the cable guide
  • the preferred flexible / universal connection is a cross-universal connection.
  • the limit block 106 is fixed on the upper part of the vertical side of the inverted L frame.
  • the limit block 106 first collides with the top surface of the floating body 1 to protect the plunger Cylinder 138.
  • the hydraulic system is a closed cycle, and the circulation route is the plunger cylinder cavity, check-out check valve, high-pressure accumulator, hydraulic motor, low-pressure accumulator, admission check valve, plunger cylinder cavity, the hydraulic pressure
  • the motor drives the generator to generate electricity; the hydraulic pipe connected to the oil inlet and outlet of the bottom end of the plunger cylinder 138 is drilled from the top cover of the floating body, and the drilled place needs to be sealed.
  • the generator and the hydraulic system except the plunger cylinder are in In the floating body cavity (the actual position of the content within the dotted line rounded rectangle is marked with an arrow in the figure);
  • the principle of the single-floating body differential pressure reset B type is basically the same.
  • the floating body 1 fluctuates with the wave, and the bottom end of the inverted L frame is The length of the rope 30 between the gravity anchors is locked, so the maximum height of the top of the plunger rod 3 is also locked, and the bottom end of the plunger cylinder 138 moves up and down with the floating body 1, when the floating body 1 rises, the plunger cylinder 138 It is compressed and outputs high-pressure hydraulic oil. Because the access check valve does not work, the hydraulic oil can only reach the high-pressure accumulator through the permission check valve (relative to the plunger cylinder).
  • the plunger cylinder cavity also decreases rapidly at this time.
  • the plunger is pushed up by the pressure difference of the low-pressure accumulator-atmospheric pressure.
  • the plunger cylinder is reset.
  • the plunger rod 3 is covered with a protective cover 10 (preferably made of soft rubber material), one end of the protective cover 10 is butt-sealed with the plunger rod handle, and the other end is butt-sealed with the outside of the plunger cylinder 108 cylinder body.
  • a protective cover 10 preferably made of soft rubber material
  • the generator is a brushless permanent magnet generator; preferably: a relief valve is connected in parallel next to the motor. Once the motor stops for some reason, the high-pressure oil of the high-pressure accumulator can pass through the relief valve Enter the low-pressure accumulator to avoid excessive pressure in the high-pressure accumulator.
  • the motor is an axial plunger motor with end face distribution.
  • a cover is added to the top of the cylinder of the plunger cylinder 138, and the cover and the top surface of the cylinder form a sealed cavity for collecting oil leakage, and the plunger rod 3 is sealed from the top surface of the cavity
  • the drain pipe 115 is drawn out from the sealed cavity, and then extends downwards, drilled into the cavity from the top cover of the floating body 1 (the hole is drilled to be sealed, so as not to destroy the full sealing of the floating body), Finally enter a fuel tank.
  • the electric charge pump 73 driven by the electricity generated by the wave generator extracts hydraulic oil from the oil tank and injects it into the closed hydraulic circulation system; further preferably: adding a single-chip microcomputer and auxiliary power supply circuit, the single-chip microcomputer According to the signal from the liquid level sensor 144 in the oil tank / hydraulic sensor on the closed cycle hydraulic system, the electric charge pump is started and stopped.
  • the liquid level sensor 144 detects that there is too much oil in the oil tank or the hydraulic pressure
  • the sensor detects that the pressure in the closed hydraulic cycle system is too low, and the MCU will start the motor to drive the charge pump to pump oil from the tank to the closed hydraulic cycle.
  • the cable 12 of the rope control device starts from the floating body cavity, drills upward from the top surface of the floating body (the outlet should be sealed), then turns into a spiral shape and extends upwards, and finally drills into a horizontal steel pipe 71, which is opposite to the inverted L
  • the side of the rigid frame 19 is welded and the two lumens are connected.
  • the cable 12 extends horizontally along the steel pipe 71, enters the vertical side square tube of the inverted L rigid frame and extends downward, and finally drills from the side of the bottom end of the inverted L rigid frame , And finally into the rope control chassis 79.
  • the cable 12 can directly enter the rope controlled rack housing from the outlet of the bottom end of the inverted L rigid frame, but the entrance is sealed.
  • the spiral shape of the cable 12 is used to adapt to the change of the relative distance between the inverted L rigid frame and the top surface of the floating body.
  • the cable 12 can be protected in the inverted L rigid frame square tube.
  • Section V Hydraulic system with preload function
  • preloading schemes There are two types of preloading schemes: external accumulator type and high-pressure side return type.
  • FIG. 7 adopts the basic type of external accumulator, and a new hydraulic branch is drawn on the hydraulic line at the inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder 138, and the hydraulic branch is connected after an electromagnetic switch valve 122 A third accumulator 128; the electromagnetic switch valve 122 is controlled by an MCU (ie, a single chip microcomputer, the MCU in this specification can also be replaced by a PLC), the MCU receives work from monitoring WECS (wave energy acquisition and conversion system) sea components The status of the second sensor 126 signal.
  • MCU ie, a single chip microcomputer, the MCU in this specification can also be replaced by a PLC
  • WECS wave energy acquisition and conversion system
  • the energy-absorbing cable 30 of the rope-controlled hydraulic cylinder wave generator works under the condition of pulse tension.
  • the pulling force on the energy-collecting cable is equal to the reset force of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • Weight, component weight and friction the pulling force is relatively small, and when the floating body rises and the hydraulic cylinder 138 does work, the pulling force of the energy collecting cable 30 is very large, so that the energy collecting cable 30 will expand and contract, and the seawater will impact laterally (such as current ) Will also cause the energy collecting cable 30 to bend.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 138 is reset, the bending is very large, and when the hydraulic cylinder 138 does work, the bending is very small.
  • the utilization efficiency of wave height is reduced because of the wave
  • the wave buoyancy including impact force
  • the wave buoyancy does not immediately drive the hydraulic cylinder 138 to do work, but is delayed for a period of time. From the time when the wave starts to rise until the hydraulic cylinder 138 is driven, the rising height of the wave surface is actually not used.
  • Part of the height of the wave height utilization loss is used to increase the draught of the floating body to increase its net buoyancy, and the other part It is to straighten the energy collecting cable 30 (the floating body 1 rises, but the hydraulic cylinder 138 does not move).
  • the purpose of the pre-tightening is to reduce the loss of wave height utilization. Before the wave surface rises, the energy cable 30 is tightened in advance to increase the draught of the floating body 1, so that when the wave surface rises, the hydraulic cylinder 138 can be driven immediately.
  • the single-chip MCU acquires the component on the sea surface component that is linked to the energy collecting cable (ie, the inverted L rigid frame 19) through the second sensor 126, relative to the movement state of the floating body 1 (the movement of the floating body 1 can also be obtained through the acceleration sensor State, or obtain the draught information of the floating body through the water pressure sensor at the bottom of the floating body), to determine at which stage the wave surface of the floating body 1 is.
  • the energy collecting cable ie, the inverted L rigid frame 19
  • the second sensor 126 relative to the movement state of the floating body 1 (the movement of the floating body 1 can also be obtained through the acceleration sensor State, or obtain the draught information of the floating body through the water pressure sensor at the bottom of the floating body), to determine at which stage the wave surface of the floating body 1 is.
  • the MCU judges that the WECS is in the reset phase and is near the end of the reset phase, it is considered to be in the trough, Then open the electromagnetic switch valve 122 immediately, and keep it closed after a period of time (for example, 0.3 seconds), so that the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the third accumulator 128 will partially flow to the plunger cylinder 138, driving the plunger rod 3 to rise, this The process also causes the pressure in the third accumulator 128 to decrease.
  • a period of time for example, 0.3 seconds
  • the rope control device Since the rope control device is in the locked state, the distance between the inverted L frame 19 and the gravity anchor 17 does not change, so the plunger rod 3 cannot actually rise, then only the floating body 1 sinks, and the floating body 1 sinking will cause the floating body 1 As the draught increases, the buoyancy is increased, and the pulling force on the energy collecting cable 30 increases, thereby achieving the purpose of preloading.
  • the hydraulic cylinder can be driven immediately or the hydraulic cylinder 138 can be driven to work with only a small amplitude of wave surface rise.
  • the single-chip MCU monitors that the floating body is at the peak through the second sensor 126, and immediately opens the electromagnetic switch valve 122, and maintains it for a certain time (such as 0.3s), then the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the plunger cylinder 138 will flow to the third reservoir
  • the hydraulic pressure in the energy accumulator 128 and the third accumulator 128 increases, while the hydraulic pressure in the plunger cylinder 138 decreases, and the floating body 1 will rise a distance, which is equivalent to the buoyancy of the wave and does work on the floating body 1, thereby increasing the wave height again Utilization rate.
  • the MCU opens the electromagnetic switch valve 122 again, and so on ...
  • Fig. 10 is a processing flowchart of a single-chip microcomputer with a basic external accumulator.
  • the single chip microcomputer / PLC obtains the state of the sea surface component or wave surface from the second sensor.
  • the so-called state is the wave surface rise, wave peak, wave surface fall, wave valley, etc.
  • For the sea component of the wave generator there are work, end of power stroke, reset, end of reset stroke, etc. Because it is difficult to directly measure the state of the wave surface where the wave generator is located, such a sensor is also relatively expensive, so generally it can be used
  • the working state of the wave generator is measured to judge the state of the wave surface.
  • the second sensor can have the following forms:
  • the floating body is installed on the top surface of the floating body, and monitoring: the components linked to the energy collecting cable and above the top surface of the floating body (the end of the piston rod 3 in FIG. 2 and the top of the rectangular rigid frame 111 in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4)
  • the distance between the edge or the limit block 106 in FIG. 4, the top of the column 81 in FIG. 5, the top of the rigid frame 88 in FIG. 6, the horizontal side of the inverted L rigid frame in FIG. 7) and the top surface of the floating body vary.
  • the distance measuring sensor is laser type / ultrasonic type / infrared type.
  • Linear displacement sensor placed vertically, including two parts that can move relatively linearly, one part is connected to the floating body, and the other part is connected to the member linked with the energy collecting cable; preferably: the one part is connected to On the top surface of the floating body, the member connected by another component is above the top surface of the floating body; the judgment method is similar to that of the ranging sensor.
  • the linear displacement sensor is a rod type / rope type.
  • Linear velocity sensor placed vertically, including two parts that can move relatively linearly, one part is connected to the floating body, and the other part is connected to the member linked with the energy collecting cable; preferably: the first part mentioned The top surface of the floating body is connected, and the member connected by the second component is above the top surface of the floating body;
  • the speed of the component relative to the floating body is downward, it is the stage of working on the hydraulic cylinder and the floating body rises; the speed is stopped after the end of the work, the peak time; the speed is the reset stage of the hydraulic cylinder, the floating body falls; the speed is upward Stop, it means the end of reset and the floating body is in the trough.
  • Acceleration sensor installed in the floating body cavity to measure the motion acceleration of the floating body
  • the compound acceleration with gravitational acceleration is the largest, it is the trough, and the superimposed acceleration is the smallest, it is the peak. From the trough to the crest, the period between the work of the hydraulic cylinder and the floating body rises, and from the crest to the trough, the period between the reset of the hydraulic cylinder and the fall of the floating body.
  • Draught sensor a water pressure sensor installed at the bottom of the floating body to monitor the amount of draught of the floating body;
  • the water pressure sensor monitors the maximum pressure, it means that the draught is the largest, it is the stage of working on the hydraulic cylinder and the floating body rises; when the water pressure and the draught start to decrease, it is the peak; the water pressure and the draught are small, the floating body falls , Hydraulic cylinder reset stage; water pressure and draught start to increase after a small turn, it is a trough.
  • Tension sensor connected in series to the energy collecting cable 30 to monitor the tension of the energy collecting rope
  • Hydraulic sensor installed on the hydraulic pipeline near the oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder to monitor the hydraulic pressure at the oil inlet and outlet; if the hydraulic pressure is very large, the work is done to the hydraulic cylinder, and the floating body rises; the pressure is very large When it becomes smaller, it means the end of the work, the floating body is at the peak, and the pressure is very small, it is the reset stage of the hydraulic cylinder, and the floating body falls; when the pressure is increased, the reset of the hydraulic cylinder is finished, and the floating body is in the trough.
  • Flow sensor installed on the main hydraulic pipeline near the oil inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder to monitor the flow direction and size of the oil inlet (outlet hydraulic cylinder or out of the hydraulic cylinder);
  • the flow direction is: the hydraulic cylinder flows outward, and it is large, it is the stage of doing work on the hydraulic cylinder and the floating body rising;
  • the flow direction is: the hydraulic cylinder stops the outflow, then the work of the hydraulic cylinder is ended, and the floating body is in the peak phase;
  • the flow direction is: flow into the hydraulic cylinder, and it is very large, it is the stage of hydraulic cylinder reset and floating body falling;
  • the flow direction is: stop the flow into the hydraulic cylinder, it means the reset of the hydraulic cylinder is completed, and the floating body is in the trough stage;
  • FIG. 9 Circuit diagram of the electrical part of the pretensioning system.
  • the MCU is controlled by the solid-state relay SSR to control the electromagnetic switch valve.
  • the MCU receives the data from the wireless communication module AS62 through the 485 communication module.
  • Figures 8 and 9 can be applied to all pre-tensioning schemes in this manual.
  • Figure 12 is the preloading effect diagram of the external accumulator type, a): wave valley state; b: open the electromagnetic switch valve for a while, preload; c: wave surface rise, work on the hydraulic cylinder; d: wave crest, open the electromagnetic switch For a while, the residual buoyancy of the wave is used to pressurize the third accumulator; e: the pressure is over and the fall begins; f: the float falls, the hydraulic cylinder resets, and then a), and so on.
  • a hydraulic branch is connected in parallel.
  • An electromagnetic switching valve 122 is provided on the branch.
  • the electromagnetic switching valve 122 is controlled by the MCU.
  • the MCU receives the monitoring float Status signal from the second sensor 126.
  • the treatment of the floating body in the trough state is the same as the basic pre-tensioning scheme of the external accumulator.
  • the hydraulic pressure in the plunger cylinder 138 is equal to the low-pressure accumulator.
  • part of the hydraulic oil of the high-pressure accumulator passes through the electromagnetic switch valve 122, bypasses the quasi-exit check valve, and flows directly to the plunger cylinder 138.
  • the hydraulic pressure in the plunger cylinder 138 suddenly rises and drives the plunger rod 3 to rise.
  • the rope control device is in a locked state, so the plunger rod 3 cannot rise, then only the floating body 1 sinks, so the floating body 1 increases The draft, the net buoyancy of the floating body 1 increases, so that the pulling force of the energy collecting cable 30 increases, and the purpose of preloading is achieved.
  • FIG. 11A For the algorithm flow of the single-chip microcomputer, see FIG. 11A.
  • the MCU does not issue a command when the floating body is in the peak state, and the electromagnetic switch valve 122 does not operate, which means that the scheme cannot use the residual buoyancy at the peak time.
  • the state e) is gone, from d): the work of the hydraulic cylinder is completed, and directly to f): the falling hydraulic cylinder is reset.
  • Both the basic external accumulator basic type and the high-pressure side return flow basic hydraulic preloading scheme have shortcomings: for example, in the preloading process at the trough, when the electromagnetic switch valve is just opened, the high pressure of the third accumulator or The high-pressure hydraulic oil of the high-pressure accumulator will impact the hydraulic cylinder. The pressure of the hydraulic cylinder suddenly rises from low pressure to high pressure, causing an impact. The energy consumed by the hydraulic cylinder to reset a certain distance under such high pressure is the same as that obtained during the work phase. The energy is almost the same, and the result is: although preloaded, it consumes a lot of energy, and finally did not get more wave energy.
  • the swing cylinder + inertial flywheel was introduced, and the swing cylinder + Inertial flywheel makes it possible to consume the same energy to achieve a better pretensioning effect.
  • the swing cylinder + Inertial flywheel makes it possible to consume the same energy to achieve a better pretensioning effect.
  • the externally accumulator type pretensioning solution it can also make full use of the residual buoyancy at the peak to do work.
  • FIG. 13 it is an external accumulator type preloading scheme.
  • a swing cylinder 125 is inserted in the hydraulic branch between the electromagnetic switching valve and the third accumulator 128, a swing cylinder 125 is inserted.
  • the rack and pinion swing cylinder is shown in the figure.
  • the gear of the swing cylinder is connected with the flywheel 123 (also can be linked with the flywheel 123 through a gear / chain / belt speed change mechanism), so that at the moment when the electromagnetic switch valve is opened in the trough, the high-pressure hydraulic oil of the third accumulator is first
  • the swing cylinder must be pushed to drive the flywheel 123 to rotate, and part of the hydraulic energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel 123.
  • the acceleration is relatively slow, so the hydraulic oil slowly enters the hydraulic cylinder 2 to avoid impact;
  • the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 rises slowly, thereby reducing the energy consumption required for preloading.
  • the MCU can set the conduction time ⁇ t1 of the solenoid switch valve according to the estimation, in the second half of the period ⁇ t1, although the hydraulic pressure of the third accumulator 128 has dropped and the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 is already high.
  • the flywheel 123 uses its previously stored kinetic energy to continue to push the swing cylinder 125 to swing and continue to press more hydraulic oil into the plunger cylinder 2.
  • the flywheel 123 has turned slowly and almost stopped.
  • the MCU closes the electromagnetic switch valve and completes the pre- Tight process. In this preloading process, the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 is slowly increased without impact, and the pressure potential energy of the third accumulator is fully utilized.
  • the conduction time ⁇ t1 of the electromagnetic switch valve is preset by the MCU ( Figure 15 is preset).
  • a speed sensor 145 that monitors the speed of the flywheel 123 can be used to tell the MCU what When the flywheel 123 stops, immediately close the solenoid switch valve;
  • a fluid flow direction / sensor can also be provided on the hydraulic branch between the third accumulator 128 and the solenoid switch valve, and the MCU according to the flow sensor Monitor the flow direction of the hydraulic oil, and once it is changed, immediately close the electromagnetic switch valve;
  • a flow sensor can also be provided on the hydraulic branch between the third accumulator 128 and the electromagnetic switch valve, and the MCU receives the flow signal of the flow sensor, Once it reaches 0, the electromagnetic switch valve is closed immediately;
  • a hydraulic sensor can also be added on the hydraulic branch between the swing cylinder 125 and the third accumulator 128, and the MCU monitors the hydraulic pressure according to the hydraulic sensor. Once the hydraulic pressure is found to change from stagnation
  • the external accumulator type pre-tensioning scheme with the addition of flywheel + swing cylinder can also make full use of the remaining net buoyancy of the floating body to do work when the floating body is in the wave crest.
  • the implementation process is as follows: when the MCU detects that the work of the hydraulic cylinder has just ended and the floating body is at the peak according to the second sensor 126, it immediately opens the electromagnetic switch valve and maintains it for a period of time ⁇ t2. At this time, the high-pressure hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder 2 will push The swing cylinder 125 swings and drives the flywheel 123 to rotate.
  • the hydraulic energy Due to the inertia of the flywheel 123, the hydraulic energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel 123 at the early stage of ⁇ t2, and at the end of ⁇ t2, the kinetic energy of the flywheel 123 continues to drive the swing cylinder 125 to swing, the hydraulic cylinder
  • the hydraulic pressure in 2 is slowly decreased, and the hydraulic pressure of the third accumulator 128 is slowly increased. There is no impact during the whole process, and there is no sudden pressure change.
  • more hydraulic oil The cylinder 2 enters the third accumulator 128, so as to make full use of the remaining net buoyancy received by the floating body for work.
  • the MCU can more accurately determine the time point of closing the electromagnetic switch valve, rather than relying on the prediction ⁇ t2.
  • the externally accumulator preloading scheme can be applied not only to the closed hydraulic system, but also to the open hydraulic system, as shown in Figure 15.
  • a free-flow branch (marked as a dotted line), the free-flow branch is connected to the low-pressure accumulator through a check valve; the conduction direction of the check valve is the flow of the low-pressure accumulator to the solenoid switch valve and the Between the swing cylinders; preferably: a return spring 141 is installed on the swing cylinder 125, and the return force of the return spring 141 causes the hydraulic oil on the swing hydraulic cylinder 125 to flow from the swing cylinder near the hydraulic cylinder One end flows toward the end close to the electromagnetic switch valve.
  • the MCU monitors whether the WECS is reset and the floating body reaches the trough through the second sensor 126. Once the trough is reached, the MCU immediately opens the electromagnetic switch valve and keeps it on For a period of time ⁇ t1, because the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 during the previous reset process is equal to the pressure of the low-pressure accumulator, when the solenoid switch valve is just opened, the pressure in the high-pressure accumulator-the pressure of the low-pressure accumulator Under the action of the pressure difference, the swing cylinder 125 is driven, and at the same time, the flywheel 123 is driven to rotate by the belt transmission mechanism 124.
  • the high-pressure hydraulic energy output from the high-pressure accumulator is partially converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel 123, and the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 is partially increased. Push the hydraulic cylinder 2 to reset, so that the floating body sinks to achieve the pre-tightening effect (mentioned earlier). Since the flywheel 123 is accelerated from 0, the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 rises slowly, without the shock phenomenon caused by the sudden increase of the previous pressure.
  • the reset time is scheduled to work on the hydraulic cylinder during the ascent of the floating body.
  • the MCU knows through the second sensor 126 that it is currently in the ascending phase, it will open the solenoid switch valve and maintain the time ⁇ t2.
  • the front and rear ends of the swing cylinder 125 are high pressure
  • the end of the hydraulic cylinder 2 is equal to the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder
  • the pressure at the end of the near high-pressure accumulator is equal to the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 2 minus the pressure drop of the quasi-check valve, the front end is slightly higher, and the pressure difference acting on the swing cylinder 125 is
  • the reset spring 141 can be omitted by pushing it enough to reset. If it is not enough, the reset force of the reset spring 141 is also needed. After the swing cylinder 125 is reset, the MCU closes the solenoid switch valve.
  • the high-pressure side backflow preloading scheme can be applied not only to the closed hydraulic system but also to the WECS open hydraulic system.
  • the swing cylinder described in this section can also be replaced by a pump & motor (which can also be used as a pump and a motor, such as an axial piston pump with end flow distribution).
  • the pump & motor can be considered as a swing cylinder with no rotation angle limitation , So there is no need to reset, and the reset spring can be omitted, and the MCU does not need to open the electromagnetic switch valve again to complete the reset when the floating body is working on the hydraulic cylinder.
  • FIG. 16 is an example where a pump & motor 127 replaces a swing cylinder, and is also a case where the high-pressure side backflow preloading scheme is applied to an open hydraulic system.
  • a parallel branch circuit is provided with an electromagnetic switching valve.
  • the electromagnetic switching valve is controlled by an MCU that receives a signal from a second sensor 126 that monitors the state of WECS.
  • a pump & motor 127 is inserted in the first half of the parallel branch, and its shaft is connected with the flywheel 123 (also can be linked with the flywheel through a chain / gear / belt transmission mechanism).
  • the flywheel 123 also can be linked with the flywheel through a chain / gear / belt transmission mechanism.
  • On the hydraulic line between the pump & motor 127 a free-flow branch is led out, and the free-flow branch is connected to the oil tank via a check valve; the conduction direction of the check valve is the flow of the oil tank to the electromagnetic switch valve Between the pump & motor 127.
  • the preloading process is the same as before.
  • the MCU opens the solenoid switch valve, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil of the high-pressure accumulator drives the pump & motor into the hydraulic cylinder 2.
  • the pump & motor simultaneously drives the flywheel 123 to rotate.
  • the hydraulic energy is partly converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel 123.
  • the MCU closes the electromagnetic switch valve.
  • the continuously rotating flywheel 123 releases the kinetic energy, which drives the pump & motor 127 to continue to rotate. It is closed, so the pump & motor 127 can only pump oil from the tank through the check valve of the free-flow branch and inject it into the hydraulic cylinder 2. Since the pump & motor do not need to be reset, there is no need to open the solenoid switch valve again during the work phase of the hydraulic cylinder 2 when the float rises.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder increases and the floating body sinks.
  • water resistance (belonging to motion resistance) is encountered, and as the floating body sinks deeper
  • the buoyancy experienced by the buoyant body is getting bigger and bigger, which belongs to buoyancy resistance.
  • the externally accumulator type preloading scheme in addition to the above resistance during the preloading process, there is an increasing pressure of the third accumulator 128.
  • the inertia of the swing cylinder + flywheel may lead to excessive pretension (the draught of the floating body after pretensioning even exceeds the wave rise, the draught of the floating body when doing work on the hydraulic cylinder, of course, it is only possible, it is not necessarily the case, because if the floating body The resistance of the water is strong enough and the inertia of the swing cylinder + flywheel is not enough. It may not reach the draught of the floating body required for the work of the hydraulic cylinder), but it can also be considered to achieve the pretension effect. Therefore, if it is just for the purpose of preloading, the freewheeling branch is not necessary (also for Figures 16 and 23, the freewheeling branch is not necessary, which is indicated by a dotted line).
  • the MCU should estimate the time, or refer to the signal of the second sensor 126 to help determine the time to close the solenoid switch valve.
  • the MCU Under the wave condition of simple surge, the MCU is easier to judge the peak and valley, while under the wave condition of wind wave and clutter, sometimes the false wave valley (that is, the falling of the floating body is suspended and continues to fall), the false wave height (ie Floating body ascending and continuing to rise), the MCU may misjudge at this time, so the MCU can combine the previous dozens or even more waves of empirical data to find out the rules to further improve the accuracy of judgment.
  • the MCU receives external data or artificially sent setting parameters through the wireless communication module.
  • the data or parameters refer to the data from the marine environment monitoring buoy, so that the MCU can more accurately grasp the current wave condition information.
  • the second sensor data of the wave generator can also be shared.
  • the MCU which is the wave generator of the wave front, can use the data monitored by its second sensor to pass
  • the wireless data transmission module is sent to other wave generators.
  • the following wave generator combines the data monitored by its second sensor with the data of the second sensor of the wave generator facing the wave front, so that it can better grasp the upcoming The coming wave situation, so as to better grasp the time point of controlling the electromagnetic switch valve / reversing branch.
  • This manual also uses a control timing table to help technicians understand various technical solutions. First explain the meaning of the symbols in the timing table.
  • the first and second columns are the MCU judging the working state of the wave and sea components according to the second sensor, and then operating them according to the working symbols of the reversing branch or electromagnetic switch valve in the table in each stage.
  • the third column shows the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder at each stage, and the fourth column shows the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator / third accumulator at each stage.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is positively related to the pulling force of the energy collecting cable, and the pulling force trend of the energy collecting cable can be judged according to the pressure trend of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • Figures 3B, 7A, 7C, 21, 22 ... to 27 all list the control timing table.
  • 7A and 7B are high-pressure side-return type pretensioning systems using a booster cylinder, suitable for WECS in FIG. 4.
  • the first stage the MCU judges that the floating body 1 falls with the wave according to the second sensor.
  • the hydraulic oil flows from the low-pressure accumulator (internal pressure 0.5Mpa) to the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 2 is in the reset phase, and the internal pressure is 0.5Mpa.
  • the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator is 10Mpa.
  • the electromagnetic switch valve controlled by the MCU is now in the ⁇ state and is in the cut-off state to the branch.
  • the second stage the MCU learns that the floating body 1 is no longer falling according to the second sensor, and judges that the floating body 1 is in the trough.
  • the electromagnetic switch valve is controlled to ⁇ , that is, the electromagnetic switch valve is opened, and then the hydraulic oil flows from the high-pressure accumulator to the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the plunger rod 3 is connected to the rope control device 79, the height of the plunger rod 3 is unchanged when the rope control device is not in motion, so only the cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder is lowered, so the floating body connected to the cylinder The descent begins, the draught increases, the net buoyancy increases, and the tension of the energy cable increases.
  • the third stage the MCU judges that the floating body 1 is in the ascending stage according to the second sensor, immediately closes the solenoid valve, and the parallel branch is in the cut-off state. At this time, WECS is in the work stage, and high-pressure hydraulic oil flows from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure accumulator.
  • the fourth stage the MCU learns that the floating body 1 is no longer rising according to the second sensor, judges that the floating body 1 is in the peak state, and immediately opens the solenoid valve.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is still 10Mpa during the power stage, which is amplified to 20Mpa by the booster cylinder, which is greater than 10Mpa in the high-pressure accumulator. Therefore, the hydraulic oil flows from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure accumulator, the floating body 1 rises, and the draught decreases.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 2 begins to decrease, and the energy-absorbing cable tension gradually decreases. In this process, the work done by the remaining net buoyancy of the floating body on the hydraulic cylinder is converted into hydraulic energy.
  • FIG. 24 and FIG. 24A in conjunction with FIG. 2, starting from the first row in the timing table.
  • the floating body of the wave generator falls with the wave, and the energy collecting cable is in the state of minimum tension.
  • the pressure of the low-pressure accumulator is 0.5.
  • Mpa not considering the pressure drop of the admission check valve
  • the hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic cylinder and resets it.
  • the MCU When the MCU detects that the floating body is falling and the hydraulic cylinder is being reset through the second sensor 126, it controls the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch, so that the unidirectional direction of the reversing branch is ⁇ , which is the out of the hydraulic cylinder At this time, since the pressure of the third accumulator is 8Mpa, which is much greater than the internal pressure of the hydraulic cylinder by 0.5Mpa, the hydraulic oil in the third accumulator cannot enter the hydraulic cylinder due to the check valve of the reversing branch.
  • the MCU detects that it is in the trough at this time through the second sensor 126, and immediately switches the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve in the reversing branch to reverse the unidirectional direction of the reversing branch to ⁇ , that is: only Flow into the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic oil can enter the hydraulic cylinder (0.5Mpa) from the third accumulator (8Mpa) through the reversing branch.
  • the pressure inside the hydraulic cylinder gradually rises from 0.5Mpa, pushing the piston of the hydraulic cylinder to rise relative to its cylinder. Because the piston rod is connected to the relative motion reference object under water through the energy collecting cable, the piston rod cannot rise, then it can only When the cylinder is lowered, and the hydraulic cylinder is installed on the floating body, the floating body will sink, so the draught increases, the buoyancy increases, and the energy cable is also tightened, thus achieving the purpose of pretensioning.
  • This process drives the swing cylinder 125 by the way. Since the swing cylinder 125 is connected to the flywheel 123, the inertia is relatively large, so in the first half of the preload, the hydraulic energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the flywheel.
  • the flywheel's The kinetic energy makes the swing cylinder 125 continue to rotate, pushing the hydraulic oil to continue to flow forward, so that the internal hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder crosses the pressure balance point of the hydraulic cylinder and the third accumulator (such as 5Mpa), and rises from 5Mpa to 7Mpa.
  • the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder cannot be raised to 7Mpa, and may only be 5Mpa.
  • the pressure of the third accumulator also dropped to 3Mpa.
  • the kinetic energy of the swing cylinder + flywheel is exhausted and stops rotating.
  • the hydraulic pressure inside the hydraulic cylinder is 7Mpa greater than the hydraulic pressure of the third accumulator 3Mpa, but the commutation branch only allows hydraulic oil to flow to the hydraulic cylinder, which is cut off in the reverse direction, so the hydraulic oil stops flowing.
  • the next wave arrives and the wave pushes the floating body up to work.
  • the hydraulic cylinder has reached the working pressure of 10Mpa.
  • the commutation branch still maintains the previous state, and the hydraulic oil of the new hydraulic branch is still still.
  • the wave can no longer push the floating body up.
  • the MCU monitors this situation through the second sensor, and immediately switches the electromagnetic two-position four-way valve to make its unidirectional direction ⁇ , that is, out of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is 10Mpa
  • the hydraulic pressure of the third accumulator is 3Mpa.
  • the hydraulic oil of the hydraulic cylinder flows to the third accumulator, so that the pressure of the third accumulator increases, and the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder decreases.
  • the outflow of hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder causes the cylinder to rise and the draught of the floating body to decrease.
  • the residual net buoyancy in this process does work on the floating body, which is converted into the pressure energy of the third accumulator.
  • the flow of hydraulic oil also drives the swing cylinder, which makes the flow of hydraulic oil have a great inertia.
  • FIG. 26 and FIG. 26A in conjunction with the single-floating body differential pressure reset B-type WECS in FIG. 7.
  • the first is the stage where the buoy falls with the wave. At this time, the energy collecting cable is relaxed, the buoy is small, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is only 0.5Mpa, and the internal pressure of the high-pressure accumulator is 10Mpa.
  • the unidirectional direction of the commutation branch controlled by the MCU at this time is ⁇ , that is, out of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • hydraulic oil cannot flow from 0.5Mpa to 10Mpa, so the flow stops.
  • the floating body When the floating body reaches the trough with the wave, the floating body stops falling at this time, and the vertical speed is 0.
  • the floating body is stationary relative to the inverted L frame (ie, the member that moves relative to the floating body).
  • the MCU detects this situation and immediately switches the commutation branch. So that the direction of one-way guide is ⁇ , that is, it flows into the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic oil flows from the high-pressure accumulator of 10 MPa, through the parallel branch, through the reversing branch, the pump & motor 127, and the booster cylinder 147, to the hydraulic cylinder 2 so that the cylinder body is lowered relative to the plunger rod.
  • the plunger rod cannot rise, so the cylinder will fall because the cylinder is installed on the floating body
  • the buoy will sink, the draught will increase, the buoyancy will increase, and the energy pulling force will increase, so as to achieve the pre-tightening effect.
  • the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder 2 gradually rises from 0.5Mpa, and the capacity of the high-pressure accumulator is large, so the pressure change is very small, which is ignored here.
  • the wave can no longer push the floating body upward.
  • the vertical speed of the floating body is 0.
  • the MCU detects this situation and immediately switches the commutation branch to ⁇ , that is, it flows out of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is 10Mpa.
  • a pressure of 20Mpa can be generated on the right side of the booster cylinder 147.
  • the hydraulic oil flows from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure accumulator through the parallel branch.
  • the hydraulic oil can continue to flow to the high-pressure accumulator, thereby making full use of the remaining net buoyancy to do work If there is no pump & motor + flywheel, the residual net buoyancy can also be used, but the effect is less. Then it came to the stage of falling of the floating body, and so on.
  • the positions of the booster cylinder, pump & motor, and reversing branch in FIG. 26 are interchangeable.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 2 shown, the piston cylinder and the plunger cylinder can be replaced with each other, the fuel tank and the low pressure accumulator can also be replaced with each other, the swing cylinder and the pump & motor can be replaced with each other, the replaced embodiment can also be operated And to achieve the pre-tightening effect (but it needs to match the actual needs of WECS); and for those with electromagnetic switching valves, the electromagnetic switching valve can also be replaced by the reversing branch.
  • FIG. 3B is the control timing chart after the electromagnetic switching valve in FIG. 3 is replaced with a directional branch.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is 0.5Mpa
  • the high-pressure accumulator is 10Mpa.
  • the parallel branch should be closed.
  • the reversing branch In the state, the reversing branch must be against the pressure direction, which is ⁇ (only allowed to flow out of the hydraulic cylinder). In the trough stage, the parallel branch should be opened, and the commutation branch should follow the pressure, that is, ⁇ . In the work stage of the floating body rising, the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder at this time is 10Mpa (in practice, it should be 10+ the pressure drop of the quasi-exit check valve, which is ignored here), and the pressure of the high-pressure accumulator is 10Mpa, because the reversal support The road itself also needs to have a pressure drop.
  • the hydraulic oil goes from the hydraulic cylinder to the high-pressure accumulator, from the quasi-exit check valve or from the commutation branch, so the state of the commutation branch is arbitrary at this time. But for the swing cylinder with spring return, the state of the commutation branch should be ⁇ , so that the swing cylinder can be reset by the return spring.
  • the parallel branch should be in the cut-off state, that is, the commutating branch should be against the pressure, that is ⁇ .
  • the commutation branch in the legends mentioned in the previous paragraph can also be replaced with a solenoid switch valve.
  • the reversing branch has an additional function than the electromagnetic switching valve is automatic reverse rotation. If the function of the reversing branch is used in the embodiment (for example, the embodiment with a swing cylinder / pump & motor, hydraulic oil Flow due to the inertia of the flywheel has crossed the balance point, the reverse direction of the reverse branch function automatically prevents the backflow of hydraulic oil), after replacing the solenoid switch valve, the MCU can be determined by a preset delay (estimated) The best time to close the solenoid switch valve (anti-backflow).
  • the MCU can also refer to the information sent by the second sensor 126 to determine the optimal timing of the above-mentioned closing action.
  • the introduction of the booster cylinder will cause the hydraulic power response of the third accumulator 128 to change, and the technician can achieve the desired performance with the assistance of the booster cylinder.
  • Section VI Hanging anchor technology has been introduced in CN107255060A, there are the following:
  • Pulley anchor See Figure 17, a buoy 59 is moored on each side of the buoy D, the two ends of a cable 57 are respectively tied to the two buoys 59, the middle of this cable 57 bypasses a near gravity
  • the pulley 56 of the anchor 17 and the bottom end of the pulley frame of the pulley 56 are connected to the top surface of the gravity anchor 17 of WECS, and the energy collecting cable 30 which should be connected to the gravity anchor 17 from above is connected to the top of the pulley frame 56 instead.
  • the gravity anchor under the WECS floating body G and the gravity anchor under the WECS floating body B in FIG. 18 are both pulley hanging anchors.
  • Double cableway anchor the gravity anchor is a flat cube, and a pulley is installed at the four vertices of the top surface of the gravity anchor, so that there are two pulleys on each of the two opposite sides of the top surface of the gravity anchor, and each pulley (two) on the opposite side Rolling on a ropeway, the two ropeways are merged into one strand on the left side of the gravity anchor, and around a pulley, the pulley frame of the pulley is connected to the cable for hanging the gravity anchor on the left side, the same is true on the right side, left and right symmetry.
  • the pulleys on both sides divide the tension of the buoy on the cable equally between the two ropeways, and the two ropeways provide upward pull on the pulleys that are passed through and installed on both sides of the gravity anchor, thereby suspending the gravity anchor in the water.
  • the gravity anchor is a flat cube.
  • a cable guide is installed on the upper and lower sides of the gravity anchor, two guide pulleys are installed on the two vertical edges on the right side of the gravity anchor, and the cable passes through the rear guide in sequence.
  • the cable guide, the guide pulley bypassing the right rear edge, the guide pulley on the right front edge, and the front cable guide pass through.
  • the two cable guides and the two guide pulleys are equidistant from the top surface of the gravity anchor.
  • the suspension cable is equivalent to being bypassed from the side of the gravity anchor, and the force acting point is on the cable guides on both sides. Obviously, with the help of the cable guide and the guide pulley, the gravity anchor can slide along the cable.
  • Stretcher anchors two rigid straight rods parallel, with the end faces aligned, pass through the gravity anchor two through-through transverse holes separated by a certain distance, the left ends of the two rigid straight rods are fixedly connected to a steel frame, and the right ends of the two rigid straight rods Fixed to another steel frame,
  • the suspension cables on both sides are respectively connected to the steel frames on both sides through V-shaped ropes, that is, the two vertices of the V-shaped ropes are connected to both ends of the steel frame, and the bottom ends of the V-shaped ropes are connected to the suspension cables.
  • the suspension cables on both sides provide upward pulling force to the two rigid straight rods, and the rigid straight rods give upward support to the gravity anchor, similar to a stretcher.
  • the gravity anchor can slide left and right with a hard straight rod.
  • the other ends of the suspension cables on both sides of the gravity anchor are respectively connected to two buoys moored at a certain distance on the water surface, while the buoy of the wave generator is located in the two In the middle of the buoy, this is the same as the 1), 2) hanging anchor scheme.
  • the wet weight of gravity anchors (gravity minus buoyancy) is greater than the upward pulling force when WECS is doing work, and the maximum buoyancy provided by the two buoys is greater than the wet weight of gravity anchors, preferably with sufficient redundancy Reserve buoyancy.
  • the floating body and the buoy are connected by a rope 44 (as shown in Figs. 17 and 18). In this way, they are pulled together as a whole. When the floating body moves, it will be pulled by the buoys on both sides, so as to prevent the floating body from deviating too much. In this way, the movement of the gravity anchor under the floating body to avoid the limit is avoided. It is further preferred that a weight 51 is attached to the middle of the rope 44 to provide cushioning, or a tension spring 33 is connected in series to replace the weight 51.
  • the suspended gravity anchor as a reference for relative motion underwater, if unstable, will not help the MCU of the WECS preload hydraulic system to better judge the working state of WECS, because This relative motion in which both the WECS floating body and the gravity anchor are moving is more complicated than the relative motion where only the WECS floating body is moving and the gravity anchor is stable. For example, sometimes the floating body falls with the wave, and the gravity anchor is falling at a faster speed. At this time, the floating body is actually rising relative to the gravity anchor, and the hydraulic cylinder is in the work state. At this time, it is difficult for the MCU to determine which state the WECS is in, so it is necessary to keep the hanging anchor (the suspended gravity anchor) as stable as possible. , The following are three specific measures for the improvement of hanging anchor technology.
  • the buoys (A, C, E) have the shape of an elongated capsule, and the connection point to the buoy is located at the outer center point of one end of the capsule.
  • the change in buoyancy caused by the ups and downs of the wave is definitely the former is small. This makes the hanging anchor more stable.
  • a horizontal damping plate is fixed at the bottom of the gravity anchor in the hanging anchor, and the gravity anchor is located above the center of the damping plate.
  • the function is to use the resistance of the water encountered by the damping plate in the water to make the gravity anchor more stable in the vertical direction.
  • the middle part of the cable 57 of the suspending gravity anchor 17 is replaced with a tension spring 104 (as shown in FIG. 18), the function is to change the linkage motion characteristics of the gravity anchor 17 and the buoy 59 suspending it, so that There is no need to synchronize, and the spring acts as a buffer.
  • the suspension cable itself is very flexible, such as nylon rope, it can also be equivalent to adding a spring.
  • the suspension anchor technology uses the aforementioned buffer tension spring and damping plate solution at the same time. Greatly reduce the impact force on the suspension cable.
  • the suspension anchor without damping plate can sometimes increase the relative motion amplitude between the floating body and the gravity anchor (CN107255060A, paragraph [0207]).
  • the above-mentioned damping plate can be designed to be electrically unfolded or retracted.
  • Electric side-opening damping plate It has the same structure as the electric side-opening window on the market, except that the glass plate is replaced with a steel plate;
  • Electric sliding damping plate It is the same as the electric sliding door on the market or the electric window structure on the car, except that the glass plate is replaced with a steel plate;
  • Electric folding damping plate including folding steel plate and driving motor, it is the same as the folding solar panel on the satellite, except that the material of the panel is replaced with steel plate;
  • Electric louver damping plate including louvers and drive motors, it has the same structure as the wall-mounted home air conditioner to adjust the direction of the wind, but the louvers are selected as the steel plate material;
  • the electric damping plate should be symmetrical on the left, right, left, and right sides of the gravity anchor to maintain the balance of the force.
  • the driving motor is a DC motor.
  • the positive and negative wires extend upward and drill into the floating body.
  • the power is provided by the battery in the floating body.
  • the single-chip computer in the body controls the forward rotation, reverse rotation and stop rotation of the drive motor.
  • Figure 20 shows the control flow of the electronically controlled damping plate.
  • the MCU receives manual instructions through the wireless data module, and then controls the forward / reverse / stop rotation of the servo motor through the servo circuit module.
  • the servo motor drives the electric damping plate to expand or retract .
  • the cable 12 from the WECS generator is drilled out of the floating body 1 Then, travel between the floating bodies along the rope 44 between the floating bodies (WECS floating body B, buoy C, WECS floating body D on the way), and part of the spiral is wound on the rope 44, or partly adopts the form of a spiral cable 121, the spiral cable 21 is set in The spiral cable 121 is used on the rope 44 because the rope between the floating bodies will expand and contract under pulse tension, and the cable 12 must have a certain degree of elongation, and the cable 12 should be able to have a relatively large relative error with the rope 44 The spiral cable can meet this requirement, and the reliability is also high.
  • the cable 12 drawn out of the wave generator extends out along the rope 44 after drilling out of the floating body, and passes through a rotating 148 / universal joint / ball hinge type 149 power connector on the way; specifically: Just drilled out of the floating body, or connect a terminal of a rotary / universal joint / ball hinged power connector at the weight 51 tied in the middle of the rope, the rotary / universal joint / ball hinged power connection The other terminal of the device is connected to one end of another cable 12.
  • the rotary power connector / universal joint / ball hinged power connector is installed on the rope at the floating body / weight on / weight tie point, see the ball hinged power connector on the left side of the floating body B in FIG. 18 149 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 148.
  • a further preferred rotary / universal joint / ball hinge power connector is waterproof.
  • the generators of the wave generators are all DC generators, and two cables from the positive and negative poles of a wave generator are drilled out of the float body, and they go to the left and right sides (positive pole to the left and negative pole to the right) respectively.
  • the rope extends, the left positive cable is connected to the negative cable of the adjacent wave generator on the left, and the right negative cable is connected to the positive cable of the adjacent wave generator on the right, so that the DC generators of the three wave generators It is connected in series (in Figure 18, B and D are connected in series).
  • All floating bodies and shells of the rope control mechanism in this specification can be made of steel / glass fiber reinforced plastic / high-density polyethylene, for example, can be made of Q235; all zeros in this specification
  • steel materials can be used, such as carbon steel (preferably Q235 ) Or stainless steel; the rollers on the fairlead can be made of nylon; the rope mentioned in this specification is used as a power cable, and the rope connecting the end of the piston rod and the top of the rope control mechanism used in some embodiments
  • a sleeve made of wear-resistant soft material such as rubber
  • other ropes, ropes, cables, and ropes in this manual can be Use
  • the solenoid switch valve can use direct-acting / step-by-step direct-acting / pilot type, preferably the normally closed type; accumulators (including third accumulators, high-pressure accumulators, low-pressure accumulators) ) Can use airbag type / piston type / diaphragm type / spring type, preferably piston type (belonging to gas loading type); hydraulic oil pipe can be made of steel wire or clamped, steel pipe can also be used if the oil pipe is not sporty; Permanent magnet brushless DC or AC generator, hydraulic motor can adopt axial plunger motor with end face distribution, swing cylinder adopts rack and pinion type / vane type / spiral type, charge pump can use cycloid pump; cable uses copper / Aluminum cable.
  • the oil tank mentioned in this specification and the drawings can be an open tank, but because the floating body swings on the sea, in order to prevent hydraulic oil from spilling, a closed tank can be used.
  • a closed tank can be used.
  • the hydraulic motor mentioned in this manual can be an electro-hydraulic variable motor.
  • the single-chip microcomputer controls the displacement of the variable motor according to the voltage output by the generator, so as to achieve the basic stability of the speed of the motor and the generator at different flows.
  • a quantitative hydraulic motor can also be used, but a transmission is inserted between the hydraulic motor and the generator; but it is best to be able to electronically control the transmission.
  • the single-chip computer controls the transmission ratio of the electronically controlled transmission according to the generator voltage. Although the hydraulic motor rotates Affected by the wave conditions, but by changing the transmission ratio, the generator speed remains stable.

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Abstract

一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，包括波浪能采集转换系统，该波浪能采集转换系统包括海面组件、采能索(30)、水下之相对运动参照物，所述海面组件包括浮体(1)、相对浮体(1)运动之构件、液压系统及发电机，所述液压系统分为闭式循环/开式循环，单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/所处波面状态的第二传感器(126)的信号，对预紧系统进行控制，以提高波高利用率。

Description

一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机 技术领域
本公开涉及一种波浪发电机，属于波浪发电领域。
背景技术
CN 107255060A、CN103104408A为最接近本发明的现有技术，但有波高利用损失问题。
发明内容
本公开的目的是提供一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，相对于之前技术能够预紧采能索。本发明的技术方案：
一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，包括波浪能采集转换系统(简称WECS)，该波浪能采集转换系统包括海面组件、采能索、水下之相对运动参照物；
所述海面组件是指：波浪能采集转换系统的，接近水面的、将波浪能采集转换成电能的最基本的那部分(不包括控绳装置)，包括浮体、相对浮体运动之构件、液压系统及发电机；海面组件分为单浮体弹簧复位型、单浮体压差复位型(A和B)和双浮体重力复位型(A和B)；
关于采能索的定义：连接所述“相对浮体运动之构件”与所述水下之相对运动参照物的细长的挠性传递拉力元件(如绳索/锁链/O形传动带，最好是超高分子聚乙烯绳缆)，承受脉冲拉力，是采集波浪能的关键传力部件；另外如果有控绳装置，则采能索为控绳装置的一部分，所述相对浮体运动之构件是通过控绳装置的采能索间接连接水下之相对运动参照物。
所述水下之相对运动参照物：是指为所述浮体提供相对运动参照的固体，如吊锚(悬吊在水中的重力锚)或海床上的重力锚，或插在海床上的摩擦桩/吸力锚。
所述相对浮体运动之构件：与浮体构成一对相对运动的机构，波浪浮力向上作用于浮体，而采能索拉力向下作用于该构件，以驱动连接二者的、液压系统的液压缸输出高压液压油。所述液压系统分为闭式循环/开式循环，闭式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀；开式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、油箱、准入单向阀：所述液压马达带动发电机发电。
关于几种已公开的WECS海面组件技术，请详见CN 107255060A。在本说明书中的具体实施方式里，也介绍了几类海面组件中的代表性实施例。
这里介绍一种新的WECS海面组件，属于单浮体压差复位B型，即有方案VIII：该海面组件具体结构为：一浮体，结构可理解为：一封闭壳体，中心贯穿一竖直的直管，然后去除直管内的壳体部分，形成一个中心有通孔的全封闭壳体；一倒L刚架的竖边为方管或矩形截面的长直杆，该竖边从安装在所述通孔中的上下两个间隔一定距离的四滚柱导缆器中穿过，并且其四个侧面与所述四滚柱导缆器的四个滚柱分别一一紧贴，所述两个四滚柱导缆器也可替换为上下两段引导倒L刚架上下运动的导轨；倒L刚架的横边在所述浮体之上，该横边与一竖直/倾斜(最好是在倒L刚架所在的平面内倾斜)的柱塞缸的柱塞杆柄连接，该柱塞缸的缸体末端与所述封闭壳体顶面连接，所述柱塞缸也可倒置连接，即：其柱塞缸缸体末端与所述倒L刚架的横边连接，其柱塞杆柄与所述浮体的封闭壳体顶面连接；所述柱塞缸与其他构件的所述连接为固接/凸耳/铰轴/耳环方式(如果柱塞缸是倾斜的，则不适用固接)；倒L刚架 底端与所述采能索一端连接，该采能索另一端与所述水下之相对运动参照物连接；或所述倒L刚架底端先与控绳机构顶端连接，该控绳机构的采能索的底端与所述水下之相对运动参照物连接，所述倒L刚架与控绳机构顶端的连接方式为固接/活动连接(最好是挠性/万向连接，比如十字万向连接)。
液压系统为闭式循环，循环路线是所述柱塞缸腔、准出单向阀(相对于柱塞缸)、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀(相对于柱塞缸)，所述液压马达带动发电机发电；优选的：所述柱塞缸的进出油口(非泄油处)所接的液压管从所述浮体顶盖钻入，钻入处要做密封处理，优选的：所述发电机以及除柱塞缸外的液压系统均在浮体腔内；
另外所述两导缆器/导轨中下面的那个，也可以安装在一竖立直筒内的底部。具体为：增加一竖立直筒，该直筒顶端与所述浮体底面固接，该直筒轴线与所述通孔轴线重合，该直筒内径大于所述通孔，或其内径小于所述通孔但其顶端固接一法兰，通过该法兰与所述浮体底面固接；所述的两个导缆器/导轨中的下面的那个，下移安装到所述直筒内的底部，而上面的那个导缆器/导轨安装在所述浮体通孔内的上部，以上内容为方案VIII。
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-1：在所述闭式液压系统中，串接一滤油器，该滤油器处于所述准入单向阀与所述低压蓄能器之间；对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-2：所述发电机为无刷永磁的交流或直流发电机；
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-3：所述马达为端面配流的轴向柱塞马达
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-4：所述柱塞缸缸体在下、柱塞杆朝上放置，所述柱塞缸的缸体顶端增加一个罩，该罩与所述柱塞缸缸体顶面之间形成一个收集柱塞杆出头处泄油的密封腔，所述柱塞杆从该腔顶面孔处的密封圈中穿出，一泄油管从所述密封腔中引出，然后向下延伸，从所述浮体顶盖钻入腔内，钻入处要做密封处理，不破坏浮体的全封闭性，所述泄油管最后进入一油箱；优选的：所述液压马达的泄油管也延伸进入到所述油箱；
对于方案VIII-4，优选的有方案VIII-4-1：一电动补油泵从所述油箱中抽取液压油，注入到所述闭式循环液压系统中。进一步优选的：所述电动补油泵采用电机驱动的摆线泵。进一步优选的：注入位置为紧挨所述低压蓄能器的管路处。
对于方案VIII-4-1，优选的：增加一单片机模块及附属供电电路，该单片机根据所述油箱的液位传感器或闭式循环液压系统的液压传感器发的数据，对所述电动补油泵进行启停控制。
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-5：所述浮体的结构为：轴线有通孔的圆柱体外形，全封闭壳体；进一步优选的，该浮体材质为钢制/高密度聚乙烯/聚氨酯/玻璃钢。
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-6：所述柱塞杆外套防护罩(最好为软橡胶材质)，该防护罩一端与柱塞杆柄对接密封，另一端与所述柱塞缸缸体外侧对接密封；
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-7：所述倒L刚架、直筒是刚性构件，材料为钢/铝合金，例如可以是碳钢(例如Q235)或不锈钢(例如316)；
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-8：所述直筒为圆管形，该直筒与所述浮体的固接为焊接/法兰式连接。
对于方案VIII，优选的有方案VIII-9：优选的：控绳装置的电缆从浮体腔内出发，向上从浮体顶面钻出，然后变为螺旋形状向上延伸，最后钻入一水平钢管，该钢管与倒L刚架竖边的侧面焊接且二者管腔相通，所述电缆沿所述钢管水平延伸，进入倒L刚架的竖边方管后向下延伸；如果倒L刚架与所述控绳机构顶面的连接是活动连接，则所述电缆从倒L刚架底端 侧面钻出，最终进入控绳机架机壳内；如果所述倒L刚架与所述控绳机构机壳是固接，则所述电缆可直接从所述倒L刚架底端出口进入所述控绳机架机壳内，但入口处要密封；或者，所述倒L刚架的横边就是一钢管，替代所述水平钢管，所述电缆改为从所述横边进入。
各种海面组件可通过液压系统的改动(即采用以下预紧方案)，来提前预紧采能索、提高波高利用率，有两大类，分别是外增蓄能器预紧方案和高压侧返流型预紧方案。
外增蓄能器预紧方案I：一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，包括波浪能采集转换系统，该波浪能采集转换系统包括海面组件、采能索、水下之相对运动参照物，所述海面组件为单浮体弹簧复位型/单浮体压差复位型/双浮体重力复位型，包括浮体、相对浮体运动之构件、液压系统及发电机；所述液压系统分为闭式/开式循环，闭式循环路线：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀；开式循环路线：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、油箱、准入单向阀；其特征在于：在所述液压系统的液压缸的进出油口处的液压管路上(也就是在所述液压缸与所述准出单向阀之间的管路上)再引出一条新液压支路，该新液压支路经过一电磁开关阀/电动开关阀，终点是连接一第三蓄能器；单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/其所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀的开关动作进行控制；
所述电磁开关阀也可以替换为换向支路，具体为：一电磁两位四通阀，其工作状态为：P>>A,B>>T或P>>B,A>>T，增加一含单向阀的支路将B、A通口连接，形成B>>第三单向阀>>A支路，所述电磁两位四通阀的P、T口替换到所述电磁开关阀所连接处，所述单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁两位四通阀进行控制；
对于方案I，优选的有方案I-1：所述电磁开关阀为直动式/分步直动式/先导式；
对于方案I，优选的有方案I-2：所述第三蓄能器/高压蓄能器/低压蓄能器，为气囊式/活塞式/隔膜式/弹簧式。对于方案I，优选的有方案I-3：所述水下之相对运动参照物为吊锚，或海床上的重力锚/摩擦桩/吸力锚。
高压侧返流型预紧方案II：一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，包括波浪能采集转换系统，该波浪能采集转换系统包括海面组件、采能索、水下之相对运动参照物，所述海面组件为单浮体弹簧复位型/单浮体压差复位型/双浮体重力复位型，包括浮体、相对浮体运动之构件、液压系统及发电机，所述液压系统分为闭式循环/开式循环，闭式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀；开式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、油箱、准入单向阀；其特征在于：在所述液压系统的所述准出单向阀旁边，再并联一液压支路，该支路上设一电磁开关阀/电动开关阀，单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/其所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀的开关动作进行控制，所述电磁开关阀也可以替换为换向支路，具体为：一电磁两位四通阀，其工作状态为：P>>A,B>>T或P>>B,A>>T，增加一含单向阀的支路将B、A通口连接，形成B>>第三单向阀>>A支路，所述电磁两位四通阀的P、T口替换到所述电磁开关阀所连接处，所述单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁两位四通阀进行控制；以所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路为分界点，所述并联支路的近液压缸一段定义为前半段，近高压蓄能器一段定义为后半段。
对于方案II，优选的有方案II-1：所述电磁开关阀为直动式/分步直动式/先导式开关阀。
对于方案II，优选的有方案II-2：所述水下之相对运动参照物为吊锚，或海床上的重力锚/摩擦桩/吸力锚。对于方案II，优选的有方案II-3：所述高压蓄能器/低压蓄能器为气囊式/活塞式/隔膜式/弹簧式。
方案I、方案II可以应用到前面提到的几种海面组件。
对于外增蓄能器预紧型方案I：优选的有方案III：在所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路之前或后的新液压支路上插入(所谓“插入”，是指串联式的接入，与液压管路上的其他液压元件构成串联关系)一摆动缸/泵&马达(既能作为泵又可以作为马达)，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与飞轮轴连(所谓轴连是指二者的主轴是共轴的)，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与所述飞轮联动；
对于方案III，优选的有方案III-1：增加转速传感器，所述单片机/PLC根据该转速传感器监测到的飞轮转速情况，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀进行关闭控制；或在所述新液压支路上设一液压油的流向传感器/流量传感器/液压传感器，该单片机/PLC根据该流向/流量传感器监测液压油的流向/流量的变化情况，或根据液压传感器监测到的液压变化情况，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀进行关闭控制；
对于方案III，优选的有方案III-2：所述摆动缸为叶片式/齿轮齿条式/螺旋式/杠杆式；
对于方案III，优选的有方案III-3：所述带式/齿轮/链式传动机构是给所述飞轮增速的。
对于方案III，优选的有方案III-4：所述泵&马达为采用端面配流的轴向柱塞泵或轴配流的径向柱塞马达。
对于高压侧返流型预紧方案II，优选的有方案IV：在所述并联支路的前半段或后半段上插入一摆动缸/泵&马达，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与飞轮轴连，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与飞轮联动；
对于方案IV，优选的有方案IV-1：所述摆动缸为叶片式/齿轮齿条式/螺旋式/杠杆式；
对于方案IV，优选的有方案IV-2：所述带式/齿轮/链式传动机构是给所述飞轮增速的；
对于方案IV，优选的有方案IV-3：所述摆动缸/泵&马达的插入位置位于并联支路的前半段，在所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路与所述摆动缸/泵&马达之间的液压管路上，再引出一条续流支路，该续流支路经一止逆阀与所述的液压系统的低压蓄能器/油箱连接，如果所述液压系统是闭式循环则为低压蓄能器，如果是开式循环，则为油箱；该止逆阀的导通方向为从所述低压蓄能器/油箱处流向所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路与所述摆动缸/泵&马达之间处；
对于方案IV，优选的有方案IV-4：所述摆动缸上安装有复位弹簧，该复位弹簧的复位力使得所述摆动缸上液压油流向是从近所述液压缸一端流向近所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路一端。
对于方案IV，优选的有IV-4：所述泵&马达为采用端面配流的轴向柱塞泵或轴配流的径向柱塞马达；
对于方案I，优选的有方案V：在所述新液压支路上再插入一增压缸；
对于方案V，优选的有方案V-1：在所述新液压支路上再插入一摆动缸/泵&马达，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与飞轮轴连，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与飞轮联动。
对于方案II，优选的有方案VI：在所述并联支路上再插入一增压缸；
对于方案VI，优选的有方案VI-1：所述增压缸上的近液压缸一侧的有效工作面积大于其近高压蓄能器一侧；
对于方案VI-1，优选的有方案VI-2：在所述并联支路上再插入一摆动缸/泵&马达，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与飞轮轴连，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与飞轮联动。
对于方案VI-2，进一步优选的：增加监测所述飞轮的转速传感器，或在所述并联支路上插入一流向/流量传感器，或在所述液压缸与摆动缸/泵&马达之间的插入一液压传感器，单片机/PLC根据所述转速/流向/流量/液压传感器，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路进行关闭控制。
对于方案I或II，优选的有方案VII：所述第二传感器有如下几种：
1)测距传感器：安装在浮体上，监测与采能索联动的构件与浮体顶面的距离变化；优选的：该传感器安装在浮体顶面，被监测的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；优选的：所述测距传感器为激光式/超声波式/红外线式；
2)直线位移传感器：竖直放置，包括两个可相对直线运动的部件，一个部件连接到浮体，另一个部件连接到与采能索联动的构件上；优选的：所述的一个部件连接到浮体顶面，被另一个部件连接到的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；优选的：所述直线位移传感器为拉绳式/拉杆式；
3)直线速度传感器：竖直放置，包括两个可相对直线运动的部件，一个部件连接到浮体，另一个部件连接到与采能索联动的构件上；优选的：所述的第一个部件连接的是浮体顶面，所述的第二个部件所连接的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；
4)加速度传感器：安装在所述浮体腔内，测量所述浮体的运动加速度；
5)吃水传感器：安装在所述浮体底部的水压传感器，监测浮体的吃水多少；
6)拉力传感器：串联的接入(拉力传感器替换掉采能索的某段，或者是与采能索构成串联关系)到所述采能索上，以监测该采能索的拉力；
7)液压传感器：安装在所述液压缸进出油口附近的液压管路上，监测进出油口处的液压；
8)流量传感器：安装在所述液压缸进出油口附近的液压管路上，监测进出油口处的流量；
对于方案VII，优选的有方案VII-1：所述单片机/PLC通过无线通讯模块从外界接收额外的波况数据/人工设置的参数。
这里还介绍了吊锚技术的衍生方案，关于吊锚技术，可以祥见专利申请CN107255060A，另外在本说明书的具体实施方式里，也有关于吊锚的介绍。
对于吊锚方案，优选的有方案IX-1：悬吊的重力锚底部与一水平放置的阻尼板固接，所述重力锚位置处于阻尼板的中央上方处；
对于吊锚方案，优选的有方案IX-2：悬吊重力锚的缆绳中段用一拉簧代替。进一步优选的：如所述吊锚为直连吊锚，则两侧的悬吊缆绳上均串接有拉簧。
对于吊锚方案，优选的有方案IX-3：悬吊重力锚的浮标为细长胶囊外形，轴线竖立，其与悬吊缆绳的连接点位于该胶囊形浮标的底端中心。
对于方案IX-1，优选的有方案IX-1-1：MCU/PLC可接收人工指令，阻尼板的电机进行正向、反向、停止控制，从而控制所述阻尼板的展开或收起，所述阻尼板的结构形式为四种：
电动平开式阻尼板：与市场上的电动平开窗的结构一样，只是将玻璃板替换成钢板；
电动推拉式阻尼板：与市场上的电动推拉门或汽车上的电动车窗结构一样，只是将玻璃板替换成钢板；电动折叠式阻尼板：包括折叠式钢板、驱动电机，与卫星上的折叠式太阳能电池板一样，只是把电池板的材料替换成钢板；电动百叶式阻尼板：包括百叶、驱动电机，与壁挂家用空调的调节出风方向的结构一样，只是把百叶选择为钢板材料。
以上电动阻尼板应该在重力锚前后及左右两侧是对称的，以保持受力平衡。
对于吊锚方案，优选的有方案X-1：波浪发电机的重力锚被两侧浮标通过缆绳悬吊着，并且波浪发电机的浮体与所述浮标之间用绳子连接，所述波浪能采集转换系统的发电机引出来的电缆钻出浮体后，沿所述绳子延伸，该电缆的一部分螺旋的缠绕在所述绳子上，或部分采用螺旋电缆，该螺旋电缆套在所述绳子上。
对于吊锚方案，优选的有方案X-2：波浪发电机的重力锚被两侧浮标通过缆绳悬吊着，并且波浪发电机的浮体与所述浮标用绳子连接，所述波浪发电机引出来的电缆钻出浮体后，沿所述绳子延伸，途中通过了旋转/万向节/球铰式电力连接器；具体为：所述电缆的在刚钻出浮体处，或在所述绳子中间所系的重块处连接一旋转/万向节/球铰式电力连接器的一个接线端，该旋转/万向节/球铰式电力连接器的另一接线端连接另一段电缆的一端。所述旋转电力连接器/万向节/球铰式电力连接器安装在浮体上/重块上/重块系点处的绳子上。进一步优选的所述旋转/万向节/球铰式电力连接器都是防水的。关于十字万向节联轴器/球铰电力连接器：其材质为导体(如铜/铝)，包裹着绝缘皮，只有两端外露作为连接电线的接线端；
对于吊锚方案，优选的有方案X-3：多个采用吊锚的、通过绳子串联在一起的的多个波浪发电机，组成环形阵列；所述波浪发电机的发电机均为直流发电机/输出经过整流的交流发电机，其中某个发电机的正负极引出来的两根电缆钻出浮体外，分别向左右(正极向左、负极向右)两侧顺着所述绳子(所述浮体与所述浮标之间的绳子)延伸，在左侧其正极电缆与左侧相邻波浪发电机的负极电缆连接，右侧负极电缆与右侧相邻波浪发电机的正极电缆连接，这样这三个波浪发电机的发电机就串联起来了，整个环路上除了其中的一对紧邻的波浪发电机的发电机之间不做电力连接外，其他的波浪发电机的发电机都是如此的靠电缆串联，从而形成一个开环电力环路。优点是：可采用单轴电缆，简单成本低，环路的开路电压等于各发电机输出电压之和，能量汇总也简单。方案X-1、X-2、X-3可同时使用。
本发明具有以下优点：
1)本公开的倒L型WECS波浪能采集转换组件，结构简单，易拆装、维护方便，倒L刚架与控绳机构顶端采用挠性/万向节的连接方式，可减少采能索的磨损。
2)本公开的外增蓄能器型预紧方案和高压侧返流型预紧方案使得在波谷的时候，能够主动预紧采能索，从而增加浮体吃水，有利于提高波高利用率。而对于外增蓄能器型预紧方案以及部分高压侧返流型预紧方案，还可以使得浮体在波峰的时候，能够利用残存净浮力做功，进一步提高波能利用效率。
3)本公开的对于吊锚技术的附加设计，如胶囊状浮标、在悬吊重力锚的缆绳中引入拉簧、吊锚下方固接阻尼板的方案使得波浪发电机在保留了重力锚可随浮体偏移的性能、减少采能索长度等优点外，还能够使得重力锚比较稳定，减少波浪发电机浮体与重力锚之间相对运动幅度的变异量，从而有利于外增蓄能器型预紧方案和高压侧返流型预紧方案对WECS工作状态的判断。电控阻尼板使得吊锚可根据波况情况切换其作为稳定参照物还是不稳定参照物。
4)在电缆延伸途中插入旋转/万向节/球铰式电力连接器，避免了电缆的频繁弯曲导致的断裂；延伸途中螺旋缠绕在绳子上或部分选用螺旋电缆的方案，保护了电缆能够适应绳子的伸缩，而波浪发电机的环形阵列串联方案，使得可采用单轴电缆，成本低。
附图说明
图1：单浮体弹簧复位型WECS结构图 图2：单浮体压差复位A型WECS结构图
图3：单浮体压差复位B型WECS结构图(含高压侧返流基本型预紧系统)
图3A：换向支路示意图 图3B：图3中的电磁开关阀替换为换向支路后的控制时序表
图4：单浮体压差复位B型WECS结构图(含方管)
图5：双浮体重力复位A型WECS结构图 图6：双浮体重力复位B型WECS结构图
图7：外增蓄能器基本型预紧方案应用于单浮体压差B型WECS示意图(倒L型)
图7A：高压侧返流型预紧方案(增压缸+电磁开关阀) 图7B：图7A的控制时序表
图7C：高压侧返流型预紧方案(增压缸+摆动缸+电磁开关阀)
图7D：图7C的控制时序表
图8：预紧系统电气部分各元件功能关系图 图9：预紧系统电气部分电路图
图10：外增蓄能器基本型预紧系统的单片机流程图
图11A：高压侧返流基本型预紧系统的单片机流程图(基本型)
图11B：高压侧返流型预紧系统的单片机流程图(含摆动缸+飞轮+续流支路)
图12：预紧系统的应用效果示意图
图13：外增蓄能器型预紧方案(齿轮齿条式摆动缸+转速传感器)
图14：高压侧返流型预紧系统(带式传动+续流支路)
图15：外增蓄能器型预紧系统(开式循环) 图16：高压侧返流型预紧系统(续流支路)
图17：一列多波浪发电机工作时采用吊锚示意图(加了阻尼板或拉簧)
图18：吊锚系统与发电机串联结合的示意图(浮体间螺旋电缆+旋转/球铰式电力连接器)
图19：四种电控阻尼板 图20：MCU控制阻尼板展开/收起流程示意图
图21：外增蓄能器型预紧系统(换向支路)     图21A：图3的控制时序表
图22：外增蓄能器型预紧系统(换向支路+增压缸)    图22A：图22的控制时序表
图23：高压侧返流型预紧系统(换向支路+泵&马达)    图23A：图23的控制时序表
图24：外增蓄能器型预紧系统(换向支路+摆动缸)    图24A：图24的控制时序表
图25：高压侧返流型预紧系统(增压缸+换向支路)      图25A：图25的控制时序表
图26：高压侧返流型预紧系统(增压缸+泵&马达+换向支路)
图26A：图26的控制时序表
1-浮体-钢制/玻璃钢/高密度聚乙烯外壳；2-液压缸-活塞缸或柱塞缸；3-活塞杆或柱塞杆；4-高压蓄能器；5-滤油器；6-液压马达；7-发电机；8-低压蓄能器；9-做功行程结束探头；10-防护罩：波纹管形状的可伸缩的橡胶管；11-导缆器：四滚柱式导缆器，一对相互轴线平行、端面对齐，但有间隙的滚柱成一组，两组轴线互相垂直叠放但不接触的安装在一支架上，滚柱可自由旋转，被导向物从每组滚柱间隙通过；因为滚柱是圆柱体，所以也可引导方钢或方管的运动；12-电缆；13-控绳机构的外壳：也是控绳机构的机架的一部分；17-重力锚；18-配重：比重大于水，其重力作为收绳动力；19-倒L刚架：Г形刚体，横边为管/直杆，竖的那一边为矩形截面的长直杆或为方管，材料可选择碳钢/不锈钢/铝合金，例如Q235；20-双滚 轮导缆钳；21-主绳缆；22-锁链；24-绳索；27-活塞；30-采能索；33-拉簧；35-液压管；44-第三绳子；46-抓地锚；47-齿轮；49-第二绳子；50-复位索51-重块：比重大于水；56-滑轮；57-缆绳；58-锚链；59-浮标：漂浮在海面上的浮体，可提供一定浮力；60-浮子；62-滑轮架；63-直筒：内径比较大的笔直的管；材质可为碳钢/不锈钢/铝合金/玻璃钢；68-三脚架；三根钢杆一端固接在一起，它们的另一端均等角度的叉分开，类似相机的三脚架；69-浮体上盖；70-吊钩；71-钢管；72-油箱；73-补油泵；75-吊环；76-绳子；78-盛油碗；钢制或塑料制的碗形物。79-控绳机构；80-环状浮体：轴线有通孔的柱体外形的空心壳体，其轴线的旋转剖面是矩形；81-立柱；82-导向滚轮：形同固定脚轮，通过滚动引导构件运动方向。83-П支架：钢制П形状，或为与OPT公司的Powerbuoy一样的三腿架，即平放的Y形横梁的每个端点向下伸出腿，形成3腿结构的支架；84-挠性/万向连接：可以是锁链/绳，或互相勾住的一对锁环，或十字万向节，或球铰；允许互相连接的两部件有一定夹角变化的连接方式。86-导轨；88-刚架：刚体框架，优选的采用碳钢/不锈钢/铝合金材料；89-垫块；94-齿条；97-阻尼板；102-凸缘：凸起的边缘，限位用；103-复位结束探头：用于监测复位行程到终点的接近开关或传感器。104-第二拉簧；106-限位块：突出固体，避免其所固接的构件的运动超过设计行程；108-方管；111-矩形钢架：竖立安装的长方形钢架；113-方钢；114-凸耳；115-泄油管；116-橡胶管；121-螺旋电缆；122-电磁开关阀：也可替代为反应迅速的电动开关阀；123-飞轮：转动惯量大的转轮；124-带式传动；125-摆动缸；126-第二传感器；127-容积泵&马达；128-第三蓄能器；129-海面组件；130-电机；131-窗；132-传动螺杆；133-电插锁；134-电动折叠窗；135-电动百叶窗；136-电动平移门；137:-门框；138-柱塞缸；139-活塞缸；140-波浪表面；141-复位弹簧；142-枢轴；143-海底；144-液位传感器；145-转速传感器；146-无线数据发送模块；147-增压缸；148-旋转电力连接器；149-万向节/球铰电力连接器：材料为导体(比如铜/铝)，包裹着绝缘皮，只有两端外露，以作为连接电线的接线端；
具体实施方式
下面结合附图来进一步进行说明，这里的所有实施方式都是为了帮助理解本发明的代表性个例，并非唯一形式，不旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
节I：本发明的利用波浪浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，是在波浪上升时利用波浪浮力做功发电，而在波浪下落时复位，核心是波浪能采集转换系统，即Wave Energy Convert System简称WECS(不含控绳装置)，其包括海面组件、采能索、水下之相对运动参照物(如重力锚/吊锚/真空吸力锚/桩)，所述海面组件是指波浪发电机靠近海面的那一部分，是将相对运动转换成电能的部分,包括浮体、相对浮体运动之构件、液压系统及发电机，所述相对浮体运动之构件通过采能索与所述水下之相对运动参照物连接，或通过控绳装置的采能索连接。
节IIA：上述波浪能采集转换系统按照液压缸的复位形式不同，包括单浮体弹簧复位型、单浮体压差复位型和双浮体重力复位型。单浮体压差复位型WECS，分为两种，采用活塞缸的A型(工作时，液压缸受拉)和采用柱塞缸的B型(工作时，液压缸受压)。
图1中的WECS的单浮体弹簧复位型海面组件参考自CN 103104408A的图6，结构为：一单作用活塞缸2缸体安装在浮体1腔内的底部，其活塞杆向下方伸出到浮体外，一根绳索24一端连接单作用活塞缸的活塞杆3柄，另一端向下延伸穿过安装在浮体1下方的导缆器11后，连接控绳机构79(本说明书，暂只讨论控绳机构为机架在上采能索在下的这种)的顶端，控绳机构79的采能索30底端连接重力锚。液压循环是：单作用活塞缸的有杆腔、准出单向 阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、油箱、准入单向阀，所述液压马达带动发电机发电。单作用活塞缸2上安装有复位拉簧33。原理参见CN 103104408A。
图2的单浮体压差复位A型WECS参考自CN107255060 A的图12，本图的浮体1的结构可以是：一封闭壳体，中心贯穿一竖直管，去除直管管内的壳体部分后形成一个中心有贯穿孔的全封闭壳体，也可以看成是一矩形绕一轴旋转出来的薄壁空壳结构(本说明书叫方截面游泳圈结构)，该轴平行于该矩形的一条边且与该矩形有一定距离；所述浮体1下方与一竖立的直筒63的顶端固接，且设备舱的通孔轴线与该竖直筒63的轴线重合，在该竖直筒63内的底部安装有导缆器11，一个三脚架68的三个底脚(只画了2个)固定在浮体顶面上，该三脚架68的顶端处在所述贯穿孔的正上方，该三脚架顶端通过锁链22连接一单作用液压缸2的缸体顶端，该单作用液压缸2的活塞杆柄所连接的绳索24(也可以替换为锁链)先后从浮体中心孔、导缆器11中穿过，最后连接到控绳装置机架的外壳79顶面上；发电机及除单作用液压缸2外的液压系统均在浮体1腔内(本说明书中虚线圆角矩形框内的内容其实际所在位置用箭头标出)；
液压系统为闭式循环，循环路线是单作用活塞缸有杆腔、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀，液压马达带动发电机发电。原理参加CN107255060 A。
节IIB：图3是单浮体压差复位B型WECS参考自CN107255060 A，包括柱塞缸138、浮体1、导缆器11，具体为：浮体1为方截面游泳圈结构；柱塞缸138缸体在下柱塞杆3在上竖立，柱塞缸138缸体末端固定在浮体1顶面孔处附近，柱塞缸138的柱塞杆3顶端与一矩形钢架111的顶边中心连接，柱塞缸138及其柱塞杆3一直处于该矩形钢架111四边包围中，该矩形钢架111两竖立的边框及底边框与浮体1顶面及中心孔壁始终保持不接触，该矩形钢架111底边中心与一绳索24的顶端连接，该绳索24的另一端先后穿过所述浮体1的竖直中心孔、安装在所述浮体中心孔下方的导缆器11后，向下延伸连接控绳机构79。
液压系统为闭式循环，循环路线是单作用柱塞缸腔、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀，液压马达带动发电机发电。原理参见CN107255060 A。
柱塞缸138底端的进出油口所连接的液压管35从所述浮体1顶盖钻入。
前述中，所述柱塞缸138缸体底端也可通过凸耳/铰轴/耳环方式与所述浮体1顶面孔处附近连接，但如果所述柱塞缸138在某方向上没有约束可倾倒或矩形钢架111的竖直边框可向某水平方向移动无约束，则该竖直边框上的，与所述无约束自由度方向垂直的两个相对侧面上应增加导向滚轮组，该导向滚轮组的支架安装在所述浮体1顶面上，该导向滚轮组为一对轴线平行且端面对齐相隔一定距离的同样两个圆柱形滚轮，分别紧贴在所述矩形钢架111的竖直边框相对两侧面上，将该竖直边框夹在两圆柱滚轮之间。该导向滚轮组限制了矩形钢架111在该自由度方向上的水平摆动，使得矩形钢架111与柱塞缸138的轴截面始终重合，避免柱塞缸138的倾倒，图4中矩形钢架的两竖直边框(即方钢113)同时受到垂直纸面和横向两个方向上的导向滚轮组82的引导。
前述中，图2、图3中的绳索24+导缆器11可替换为方管+双导缆器(即方案2-3)，具体为：如图4，所述矩形钢架111底边框改为与一竖直的方管108连接(固接/活动连接)，该方管108穿过安装在所述浮体1底部的上下两个导缆器11，该方管108底端与控绳机构79顶面连接；导缆器11的四个滚柱与方管108的四个侧面一一紧贴；
对于单浮体&压差复位A型，也可采用方管+双导缆器，比如图2(未画该方管方案)中： 单杆活塞缸2下方伸出的活塞杆3底端改为与一竖直的方管顶端连接(固接/活动连接)，该方管穿过安装在所述浮体1底部的上下两个导缆器，该方管底端与控绳机构顶面连接；导缆器的四个滚柱与方管的四个侧面一一紧贴；
方案2-3也可应用于CN 103104408A申请中的各种WECS，比如图1，方管+双导缆器可替代其中的绳索24+导绳器11，其中的液压缸的活塞杆3底端与方管顶端连接，该方管穿过安装在浮体1底部的两个间隔一定竖向距离的导缆器，该方管底端再去连接一控绳机架79。
节III：另一种绳控液压缸WECS是双浮体重力复位型WECS，分为A型和B型，A型(见图5)的结构是：一空心立柱81(圆柱形)，竖直放置，顶端开口底端封闭，一环状浮体80套在立柱81上，且环状浮体80内壁与立柱81侧面存有一定间隙，环状浮体80顶面固定着竖立的П支架83/(或三腿架)，П支架83/三腿架的竖直中心线与立柱81轴线重合，一竖立的单作用活塞缸2的活塞杆柄与П支架83(或三腿架)横梁底面中心挠性/万向连接84，单作用活塞缸2的缸体末端与立柱81腔内底面可采用挠性/万向连接，也采用锁链22+垫块89连接(实际属于挠性连接的一种)。
液压系统循环路线是：油箱72、准入单向阀、所述单作用活塞缸的有杆腔、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达，液压马达带动发电机发电；
优选的：如果立柱81直径太小浮力不足，则立柱81的底端可固接一圆柱形/椭球形的水下浮力舱52以增大浮力，二者中心线重合。优选的：立柱81，或水下浮力舱52底端与一竖直杆/竖直筒63的顶端固接，且二者中心线重合；立柱81+水下浮力舱52+竖直杆/竖直筒63，是一个固接在一起的整体，为立柱总体。立柱总体的底端连接控绳装置79。
液压系统安装在立柱81内或水下浮力舱52内。
第二种，双浮体重力复位B型WECS，以图6做说明，与A型的结构大部分一样，只是图6中的液压缸2是活塞缸缸体在上活塞杆在下，另外环状浮体80上下沿导轨86运动，另外不同的是：立柱总体+控绳机构79的整体可以不必保持足够净浮力，甚至比重可以大于水，但增加了滑轮重块机构。具体为：滑轮56的滑轮架与环状浮体80底面连接，一根绳子76一端连接一重块51，另一端向上延伸，绕过所述滑轮56后又向下延伸，最后系在立柱81总体上(图中只画了单侧滑轮56+绳子76，实际应为2组滑轮+绳子，且关于立柱轴线对称)。控绳装置79顶端与立柱总体的底端连接。液压系统与双浮体重力复位A型一样，只是大部分安装在环状浮体80腔内。
双浮体重力复位型A型和B型WECS的原理参见CN107255060 A。
图1中的活塞杆3、图2中的活塞杆3、图3中的矩形刚架111、图4中的方管108、图5中的立柱总体(81+52+63)、图6中的立柱总体(81+53)，这些都是相对浮体运动之构件，它们的底端(对于矩形刚架是底边中心)也可以不连接控绳机构，而是直接连接一根采能索的顶端，通过这根采能索连接各自的重力锚，省掉了控绳装置后，WECS也是可以利用波浪能发电，只是失去了调节海面组件与水下重力锚之间距离的能力。
节IV：倒L型WECS，确切来说，属于单浮体压差B型，图7，倒L型WECS的海面组件包括浮体1、倒L刚架19、闭式液压系统、充当导轨作用的上下两个导缆器11。所述浮体1，其结构为轴线有通孔的圆柱体外形的全封闭空心壳体，其轴线的旋转剖面是矩形；一方管截面的倒L刚架19，其竖边从上下两个间隔一定距离的四滚柱导缆器11中穿过，其中上面的导缆器安装在通孔中的上端，下面的那个导缆器安装在一直筒63内的底部，该直筒 63竖立，且顶端固定在浮体的底部，直筒63的内径大于(也可小于、等于)浮体上的通孔，且中心轴线与所述浮体的通孔轴线重合；所述倒L刚架的竖边的四个侧面分别与所述两个导缆器的四个滚柱一一紧贴。导缆器的作用如同引导倒L刚架19上下运动的导轨。这里的直筒63相当于支架，当然也可没有直筒63，下面的那个导缆器11安装在浮体1通孔中的底部。
倒L刚架19的横边末端与一竖直的柱塞缸的柱塞杆3的末端连接，可采用固接/凸耳/铰轴/耳环方式，该柱塞缸138的底端与浮体1顶面连接，可采用固接/凸耳/铰轴/耳环方式，当然，柱塞缸138也可以倒置分别于倒L刚架横边末端和浮体1顶面连接；所述柱塞缸138也可有一定倾斜度，最好是在倒L刚架所在平面内；效果是：倒L刚架向下压液压缸时，做功末期比初期可驱动更高的液压缸内的压力，因为随着倒L刚架的下降，柱塞缸138的倾斜度会增大，压缩柱塞缸138在竖直方向上所需的分力减少，这样有利于更充分的利用波浪上升时，浮体1所受的剩余净浮力(波峰时浮体吃水深度大于浮体下落时候的吃水)，当然柱塞缸138倾斜安装这种情况，其与倒L刚架和浮体1顶部的连接都不能采用固接方式。
优选的：倒L刚架19底端与控绳机构79的机壳连接，采用的连接方式为挠性/万向连接，这种连接的好处是，控绳机构79的机壳可以跟随采能索30的摆动而摆动，可以减少采能索30在控绳机构79上的导缆器11的压力，当采能索30在沿该导缆器底层的那一对滚柱的轴向摆动时，借助于控绳机构79的跟随运动性，可以大大减少采能索30在导缆器11上的磨损，优选的所述挠性/万向连接为十字万向连接。
优选的：限位块106固定在倒L刚架的竖边上部，在柱塞杆3向下运动接近柱塞缸138底部时，限位块106先与浮体1顶面碰撞，从而保护柱塞缸138。
液压系统为闭式循环，循环路线是所述柱塞缸腔、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀、柱塞缸腔，所述液压马达带动发电机发电；柱塞缸138底端的进出油口所接的液压管从所述浮体顶盖钻入，钻入处要做密封处理，发电机以及除柱塞缸外的液压系统均在浮体腔内(点划线圆角矩形内的内容其实际所在位置用箭头在图中标出)；
原理：与前述的单浮体压差复位B型的原理基本一样，在液压缸138的工作没有超出行程、不触发控绳装置的情况下，浮体1随波起伏，而倒L刚架底端与重力锚之间的绳索30长度被锁定，所以柱塞杆3顶端的最大高度也被锁定，而柱塞缸138缸体底端随着浮体1上下运动，当浮体1上升时，柱塞缸138被压缩，输出高压液压油，因为准入单向阀那里走不通，所以液压油只能经准出单向阀(相对于柱塞缸而言，只准出)到达高压蓄能器，高压蓄能器的压强>低压蓄能器的压强>大气压，在高压蓄能器-低压蓄能器的压差作用下，推动液压马达旋转，带动发电机发电，同时液压油也从高压蓄能器流到低压蓄能器中。当浮体1下落时，采能索30的拉力迅速降低，此时柱塞缸腔内的压力也迅速降低，这时在低压蓄能器-大气压的压差作用下，推动柱塞向上顶起，从而实现了柱塞缸的复位。优选的：增加滤油器5。
优选的：所述柱塞杆3外套防护罩10(最好为软橡胶材质)，该防护罩10一端与柱塞杆柄对接密封，另一端与所述柱塞缸108缸体外侧对接密封。
优选的：所述发电机为无刷永磁发电机；优选的：在所述马达旁并联一溢流阀，一旦马达因某种原因停转，高压蓄能器的高压油可经溢流阀进入低压蓄能器，从而避免高压蓄能器中压力过高。优选的：所述马达为端面配流的轴向柱塞马达。
优选的，关于补油系统：柱塞缸138的缸体顶端增加一个罩，该罩与所述缸体顶面形成一个收集泄油的密封腔，柱塞杆3从该腔顶面孔处的密封圈中穿出，泄油管115从所述密封 腔中引出，然后向下延伸，从所述浮体1顶盖钻入腔内(钻入处要做密封处理，不破坏浮体的全封闭性)，最后进入一油箱。
优选的：由本波浪发电机发出的电驱动的电动补油泵73从所述油箱中抽取液压油，注入到所述闭式液压循环系统中；进一步优选的：增加一单片机及附属电源电路，该单片机根据油箱里的液位传感器144/闭式循环液压系统上的液压传感器发来的信号，对该电动补油泵进行启停控制，当液位传感器144监测到油箱里油过多或者是所述液压传感器监测到闭式液压循环系统中的压力过低，MCU会开动电机，带动补油泵从油箱抽油注入到闭式液压循环中去。
优选的：控绳装置的电缆12从浮体腔内出发，向上从浮体顶面钻出(出口要密封)，然后变为螺旋形状向上延伸，最后钻入一水平钢管71，该钢管71与倒L刚架19的侧面焊接且二者管腔相通，所述电缆12沿所述钢管71水平延伸，进入倒L刚架的竖边方管内向下延伸，最后从倒L刚架底端侧面钻出，最终进入控绳机架机壳79内。如果倒L刚架19与控绳机构机壳79是固接，则电缆12可直接从倒L刚架底端出口进入控绳机架机壳内，但入口处要密封。功能：电缆12部分采用螺旋形状是为了适应倒L刚架与浮体顶面的相对距离变化，电缆12在倒L刚架方管内可以得到保护。
节V：预紧功能的液压系统
本说明书前述的几种WECS海面组件的液压系统均可以增加预紧方案，预紧方案有两大类：外增蓄能器型和高压侧返流型。
(一)图7采用了外增蓄能器基本型，在其液压缸138的进出油口处的液压管路上再引出一条新液压支路，该液压支路经一电磁开关阀122后再连接一第三蓄能器128；所述电磁开关阀122受到MCU(即单片机，本说明书的MCU也可替换为PLC)的控制，所述MCU接收来自监测WECS(波浪能采集转换系统)海面组件工作状态的第二传感器126的信号。
绳控液压缸波浪发电机的采能索30工作在脉冲拉力工况下，当浮体1下落过程时，采能索上的拉力等于液压缸的复位力(在此暂不考虑控绳机构的湿重、构件自重以及摩擦力)，拉力比较小，而在浮体上升，液压缸138做功时，采能索30上拉力很大，这样采能索30会出现伸缩现象，另外海水横向冲击(如海流)也会导致采能索30出现弯曲，在液压缸138复位时，弯曲很大，而在液压缸138做功时，弯曲很小，所有这一切导致的后果是：波高利用效率下降，因为在波浪带动浮体1上升的前期，波浪的浮力(也包括冲击力)并不能立即驱动液压缸138做功，而是延迟一段时间。从波浪开始上升到液压缸138被驱动的这段时间，波面上升的高度其实是没有被利用的，波高利用损失的高度一部分是用来增加浮体的吃水以增加其所受的净浮力，另一部分是拉直采能索30(浮体1虽然上升，但液压缸138不动)。预紧目的就是为了减少波高利用损失，在波面上升前提前把采能索30拉紧、让浮体1吃水增加，这样当波面上升时，就可以立即驱动液压缸138了。
图7中，单片机MCU通过第二传感器126获取海面组件上的与采能索联动的构件(即倒L刚架19)，相对于浮体1的运动状态(也可通过加速度传感器获取浮体1的运动状态，或通过浮体底部的水压传感器来获取浮体的吃水信息)，来判断浮体1所处波面是在那个阶段，一旦MCU判断WECS处于复位阶段，而且接近复位阶段结束，即认为现在处于波谷，则立即打开电磁开关阀122，并保持一段时间后(例如0.3秒)再关闭，这样第三蓄能器128内的高压液压油就会部分流向柱塞缸138，驱动柱塞杆3上升，这个过程也导致了第三蓄能器128内的压强降低。由于控绳装置处于锁定状态，倒L刚架19与重力锚17之间距离不变， 所以柱塞杆3实际不能上升，那就只有浮体1下沉了，浮体1下沉就会导致浮体1吃水增加，所受浮力增加，采能索30上的拉力增加，从而达到了预紧目的。当波面上升的时候，就可以立即驱动液压缸或仅用很小的波面上升幅度就可以驱动液压缸138做功了。
而当液压缸138的做功行程接近结束，也就是浮体随波浪上升到波峰时，此时波面虽然不再上升，但采能索的拉力、浮体所受净浮力(净浮力＝浮体此刻所受的浮力减去所受重力)此时依然等于对液压缸做功时的力，浮体吃水依然很深，与波浪上升时的差不多，这就意味着还存有剩余的浮力势能。这时单片机MCU通过第二传感器126监测到此时浮体处于波峰，立即打开电磁开关阀122，并保持一定时间(比如0.3s)，这时柱塞缸138内的高压液压油会流向第三蓄能器128，第三蓄能器128内的液压升高，而柱塞缸138内的液压降低，浮体1会上升一段距离，相当于波浪的浮力又对浮体1做功了，从而再次增加了波高的利用率。然后在波谷时，MCU再次打开电磁开关阀122，如此循环……
图10是外增蓄能器基本型的单片机的处理流程图。
图8是预紧系统电气部分各元件功能关系图，单片机/PLC从第二传感器获得海面组件或波面的状态，所谓状态，对于波面来说，是波面上升、波峰、波面下落、波谷等，对于波浪发电机的海面组件来说，有做功、做功行程结束、复位、复位行程结束等，因为直接测量波浪发电机所处波面的状态比较困难，这样的传感器也比较贵，所以一般来说可采用测量波浪发电机的工作状态来判断波面的状态。第二传感器可以有如下几种形式：
1)测距传感器：对于图1，安装在浮体壳内顶面，监测活塞27与浮体壳内顶面之距离。
对于其他图，则安装在浮体顶面，监测：与采能索联动的、且在浮体顶面以上的构件(图2中的活塞杆3末端、图3图4中的矩形刚架111的顶边或图4中的限位块106、图5中的立柱81顶端、图6中的刚架88顶边、图7中的倒L刚架横边)与浮体顶面的距离变化。
对于图7来说，当距离增大时，则为液压缸复位阶段，浮体处于下落状态；距离增大后停止时，则为复位过程结束，浮体处于波谷；当距离缩小时，则为做功、浮体处于上升阶段；当距离缩小后停止时，则为浮体上升到顶点，处于波峰状态。其他图中的判断与此类似。
优选的：所述测距传感器为激光式/超声波式/红外线式。
2)直线位移传感器：竖直放置，包括两个可相对直线运动的部件，一个部件连接到浮体，另一个部件连接到与采能索联动的构件上；优选的：所述的一个部件连接到浮体顶面，被另一个部件连接到的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；判断方法与测距传感器类同。优选的：所述直线位移传感器为拉杆式/拉绳式。
3)直线速度传感器：竖直放置，包括两个可相对直线运动的部件，一个部件连接到浮体，另一个部件连接到与采能索联动的构件上；优选的：所述的第一个部件连接的是浮体顶面，所述的第二个部件所连接的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；
该构件相对浮体运动的速度为向下，则为对液压缸做功、浮体上升阶段；速度向下后停止则为做功结束、波峰时刻；速度向上则为液压缸复位、浮体下落阶段；速度向上后停止，则为复位结束、浮体处于波谷。
4)加速度传感器：安装在所述浮体腔内，测量所述浮体的运动加速度；
与重力加速度的复合加速度最大，则为波谷，叠加的加速度最小，则为波峰。由波 谷到波峰，这之间的时间段里即为对液压缸做功、浮体上升的阶段，而从波峰到波谷，这之间的时间段里即为液压缸复位、浮体下落的阶段。
5)吃水传感器：安装在浮体底部的水压传感器，监测所述浮体的吃水多少；
如水压传感器监测到压力最大，则意味着吃水最大，则为对液压缸做功、浮体上升阶段；水压、吃水最大后开始变小，则为波峰；水压、吃水小，则为浮体下落，液压缸复位阶段；水压、吃水小转而开始增大，则为波谷。
6)拉力传感器：串联的接入到所述采能索30上，以监测该采能绳索的拉力；
拉力很大，则为对液压缸做功、浮体上升阶段，拉力很大转而开始减小，则为做功结束，处于波峰，拉力很小，则为浮体下落、液压缸复位阶段，拉力很小转而开始增大，则为液压缸复位结束，浮体处于波谷。
7)液压传感器：安装在所述液压缸的进出油口处附近的液压管路上，监测进出油口处的液压；液压压强很大，则为对液压缸做功，浮体上升阶段；压强由很大转而变小，则为做功结束，浮体处于波峰，压强很小，则为液压缸复位、浮体下落阶段；压强很小转而增大，则为液压缸复位结束、浮体处于波谷。
8)流量传感器：安装在所述液压缸进出油口附近的主干液压管路上，监测进出油口处的(流入液压缸或流出液压缸)的流向和大小；
流向为：由液压缸向外流，且很大，则为对液压缸做功、浮体上升阶段；
流向为：由液压缸停止外流，则为液压缸做功结束、浮体处于波峰阶段；
流向为：向液压缸内流，且很大，则为液压缸复位、浮体下落阶段；
流向为：停止向液压缸内流，则为液压缸复位结束、浮体处于波谷阶段；
图9：预紧系统电气部分电路图，该图中，MCU是通过固态继电器SSR来对电磁开关阀进行控制的，优选的：MCU通过485通信模块接收无线通讯模块AS62发来的数据。
需要说明的是：图8、图9可以适用到本说明书所有预紧方案。
图12是外增蓄能器型的预紧效果图，a)：波谷状态；b：打开电磁开关阀一会，预紧；c：波面上升，对液压缸做功；d：波峰，打开电磁开关阀一会，利用波浪残存净浮力给第三蓄能器充压；e：充压结束，开始下落；f：浮体下落，液压缸复位，然后又到a)，如此循环。
(二)高压侧返流基本型预紧方案
见图3，在液压系统的准出单向阀旁边，再并联一液压支路，该支路上设一电磁开关阀122，所述电磁开关阀122受到MCU的控制，所述MCU接收来自监测浮体状态第二传感器126的信号。浮体处于波谷状态的处理方式与前述的外增蓄能器基本型预紧方案的一样，在浮体下落过程中，柱塞缸138内的液压等于低压蓄能器，当MCU通过第二传感器126监测到浮体1处于波谷状态时，立即打开电磁开关阀122并保持一定时间，此时高压蓄能器的部分液压油经电磁开关阀122，绕过准出单向阀，直接流向柱塞缸138，柱塞缸138内的液压顿时升高，驱动柱塞杆3上升，此时的控绳装置处于锁定状态，所以柱塞杆3不能上升，那就只有浮体1下沉了，于是浮体1增加了吃水，浮体1所受净浮力增大，从而使得采能索30的拉力增加，达到了预紧目的，单片机的算法流程参见图11A。
与前述的外增蓄能器基本型预紧方案不同的是，在浮体处于波峰状态时，MCU是不发出指令的，电磁开关阀122不动作，也就是说该方案不能利用波峰时刻的残余浮力做功。反映到图12中，就是没有了状态e)了，从d)：液压缸做功结束，直接到f)：下落液压缸复位。
前述的外增蓄能器基本型和高压侧返流基本型液压预紧方案，均有不足：例如在波谷时的预紧过程中，刚打开电磁开关阀时，第三蓄能器的高压或高压蓄能器的高压液压油会冲击液压缸，液压缸的压强猛然从低压升到高压，产生冲击，液压缸在这样的高压下复位一段距离所消耗的能量与其在做功阶段同样距离所所获得的能量几乎是一样的，其结果是：虽然预紧了，但耗掉了很多能量，最终并没有获取到更多的波浪能，为了解决这个问题，引入摆动缸+惯性飞轮，有了摆动缸+惯性飞轮使得消耗同样的能量可达到更好的预紧效果，对于外增蓄能器型预紧方案，还可以更充分的利用波峰时候的残余浮力做功。
如图13，是外增蓄能器型预紧方案，在电磁开关阀与第三蓄能器128之间的液压支路上，插入一个摆动缸125，图中是齿轮齿条式摆动缸，该摆动缸的齿轮与飞轮123轴连(也可通过齿轮/链式/带式变速机构与飞轮123联动)，这样在波谷时电磁开关阀刚打开那一刻，第三蓄能器的高压液压油首先必须推动摆动缸带动飞轮123旋转，部分液压能转换为飞轮123的动能，由于飞轮123的惯性很大，所以加速比较慢，所以液压油是缓慢的进入液压缸2内，这样就避免了冲击；预紧过程中的初期，液压缸2内的液压是缓慢上升的，从而减少了预紧所需要的能耗。MCU可以根据预估，设定电磁开关阀导通的时间Δt1，Δt1这段时间的后半阶段，尽管第三蓄能器128的液压已经降下来、液压缸2内的压力已经很高了，但飞轮123利用其先前储存的动能继续推动摆动缸125摆动，继续将更多液压油压入柱塞缸2内，最后飞轮123已经转的很慢几乎停止，此刻MCU关闭电磁开关阀，完成预紧过程。该预紧过程，液压缸2内的液压是缓慢上升的，没有冲击，而且充分利用了第三蓄能器的压力势能。
前面提到电磁开关阀导通的时间Δt1是MCU预设的(图15就是预设的)，这种方法不是太灵活，优选的：可以用一个监测飞轮123转速的转速传感器145来告诉MCU何时关闭电磁开关阀，一旦飞轮123停转，立即关闭电磁开关阀；也可以在第三蓄能器128与电磁开关阀之间的液压支路上设一流体的流向/传感器，MCU根据该流向传感器监测液压油的流动方向，一旦改变，则立即关闭电磁开关阀；也可以在第三蓄能器128与电磁开关阀之间的液压支路上设一流量传感器，MCU接收该流量传感器的流量信号，一旦到0，立即关闭电磁开关阀；也可以在摆动缸125与第三蓄能器128之间的液压支路上增加液压传感器，MCU根据该液压传感器监测液压，一旦发现液压从下降改为停滞或上升，则立即关闭电磁开关阀。
增加了飞轮+摆动缸的外增蓄能器型预紧方案，还可以在浮体处于波峰时充分利用浮体所受的剩余净浮力做功。实现过程是这样的：当MCU根据第二传感器126监测到液压缸做功刚结束、浮体处于波峰时，立即打开电磁开关阀，并保持一段时间Δt2，这时液压缸2内的高压液压油会推动摆动缸125摆动，同时带动飞轮123旋转，由于飞轮123的惯性，在Δt2的初期，液压能转换为飞轮123的动能，而在Δt2的末期，飞轮123的动能继续驱动摆动缸125摆动，液压缸2内的液压是缓慢下降的，而第三蓄能器128的液压是缓慢上升的，整个过程没有冲击，没有猛然的压力变化，与没有摆动缸+飞轮相比，更多的液压油从液压缸2进入第三蓄能器128内，从而更加充分的利用浮体所受的剩余净浮力做功。而如果加入了监测飞轮123转速的传感器或上述反映飞轮123运动状态的流向/流量/液压传感器，MCU就可以更准确的确定关闭电磁开关阀的时间点，而不是靠预估Δt2。
外增蓄能器预紧方案不但可应用到闭式液压系统，还可应用到开式液压系统，如图15。
关于增加摆动缸+飞轮的优化设计不但可以应用到的外增蓄能器型预紧方案，还可以应用到高压侧返流型预紧方案，如图14，在所述并联支路的前半段上插入一摆动缸125，该摆动 缸125的轴通过传动机构-带式传动124与飞轮123联动(或直接轴连)，在所述电磁开关阀与所述摆动缸125之间的液压管路上，再引出一条续流支路(标为虚线)，该续流支路经一止逆阀与低压蓄能器连接；该止逆阀的导通方向为低压蓄能器流向电磁开关阀与所述摆动缸之间处；优选的：所述摆动缸125上安装有复位弹簧141，该复位弹簧141的复位力使得所述摆动液压缸125上液压油流向是从摆动缸的近所述液压缸一端流向近所述电磁开关阀一端。
原理：结合图14、图11B解释，当浮体在下落过程中，MCU通过第二传感器126监测是否WECS是否复位结束、浮体是否到达波谷，一旦到达波谷，MCU立即打开电磁开关阀，并保持导通一段时间Δt1，因为先前的复位过程中液压缸2中的液压等于低压蓄能器的压强，所以当所述电磁开关阀刚打开时，在高压蓄能器内的压强-低压蓄能器压强的压差作用下，摆动缸125被驱动，同时通过带式传动机构124带动飞轮123旋转，高压蓄能器输出的高压液压能部分转换为飞轮123的动能，部分增加了液压缸2内的压强，推动液压缸2复位，从而使得浮体下沉达到预紧效果(前面已提到)。由于飞轮123是从0开始加速的，所以液压缸2内的压强是缓慢上升的，没有了此前的压强猛然增加导致的冲击现象，Δt1时间到点时，预紧过程只进行到一半，但此时MCU控制电磁开关阀关闭，而飞轮123还在转，这时飞轮123会驱动摆动缸125继续动作，所述并联支路的后半段即摆动缸125与电磁开关阀之间压强迅速下降，这时低压蓄能器的液压油会通过前述中的续流支路补充过来，这样摆动缸就可以继续向液压缸2内注入液压油，从而将飞轮123的先前储存的动能充分利用，直至停止。由于预紧的过程，摆动缸旋转了一定角度，所以需要复位。复位的时间安排在浮体上升的对液压缸做功阶段，MCU通过第二传感器126了解目前处于上升阶段时，会打开电磁开关阀并保持时间Δt2，此时摆动缸125的前后端均是高压，近液压缸2一端等于液压缸的压强，而近高压蓄能器一端的压力等于液压缸2的压强减去准出单向阀的压降，前端略高，作用在摆动缸125上的压差如果足够推动其复位，可以省掉复位弹簧141，如果不够，还需要借助复位弹簧141的复位力。摆动缸125复位结束后，MCU关闭电磁开关阀。
高压侧返流预紧方案不但可以应用到闭式液压系统也可应用到WECS的开式液压系统。
另外，本节上述的摆动缸也可以替换为泵&马达(又可作为泵又可作为马达使用，例如端面配流的轴向柱塞泵)，泵&马达可以认为是没有旋转角度限制的摆动缸，所以也就不需要复位，也就可以省掉复位弹簧，而MCU也不需要在浮体上升的对液压缸做功阶段再次打开电磁开关阀来完成复位。例如图16，是泵&马达127替代摆动缸的实施例，也是高压侧返流预紧方案应用到开式液压系统的案例，在WECS的开式液压系统的准出单向阀旁边再加一并联支路，该支路上设一电磁开关阀，所述电磁开关阀受到MCU的控制，所述MCU接收来自监测WECS的所处状态的第二传感器126的信号。在所述并联支路的前半段上插入一泵&马达127，其轴与飞轮123轴连(也可通过链式/齿轮/带式传动机构与飞轮联动)，在所述电磁开关阀与所述泵&马达127之间的液压管路上，再引出一条续流支路，该续流支路经一止逆阀与油箱连接；该止逆阀的导通方向为油箱流向所述电磁开关阀与所述泵&马达127之间处。
原理：预紧过程与前面是一样的，在波谷，MCU打开电磁开关阀，高压蓄能器的高压液压油驱动泵&马达，进入液压缸2内，泵&马达同时带动飞轮123旋转，在预紧的初期，液压能部分转换为飞轮123的动能，而在预紧的后期，MCU关闭了电磁开关阀，持续旋转的飞轮123释放动能，带动泵&马达127继续旋转，由于电磁开关阀那里已经关闭了，所以泵&马达127只能经续流支路的止逆阀，从油箱抽油，注入到液压缸2内。由于泵&马达不需要复位， 所以不需要在浮体上升的对液压缸2做功阶段，再次打开电磁开关阀。
对于高压侧返流型预紧方案来说，在预紧过程中，液压缸的压强增加、浮体下沉，下沉过程中遇到了水的阻力(属于运动阻力)，而随着浮体下沉深度的增加，浮体所受浮力越来越大，这又属于浮力阻力。而对于外增蓄能器型预紧方案来说，预紧过程中除了受到上述阻力外，还有第三蓄能器128的不断增大的压力。
对于加了飞轮+摆动缸/泵&马达的高压侧返流基本型预紧方案(图14)来说，假如没有续流支路，当关闭电磁开关阀过早时，飞轮还未完全停转，摆动缸+飞轮的惯性将会在摆动缸125与电磁开关阀之间产生负压，所以应在飞轮+摆动缸/泵&马达停下后(迟早会停，因为浮体下沉时所受阻力越来越大)再关闭。这时候，摆动缸+飞轮的惯性可能导致预紧过度(预紧后浮体的吃水甚至超过了波浪上升、对液压缸做功时的浮体吃水深度，当然只是可能，不是一定会这样，因为如果浮体所受的水的阻力足够强而摆动缸+飞轮的惯性又不足，可能还达不到对液压缸做功时所需的浮体吃水深度)，但也算达到了预紧效果。所以如果只是为了达到预紧目的，续流支路不是必须的(同样对于图16、23，续流支路也不是必须的，用虚线表示)。
不过需要注意的是，如果电磁开关阀关闭过晚，原本压入液压缸的液压油又会开始返回到高压蓄能器中，考虑到摆动缸/泵&马达那里会有损耗，还是尽量避免这一点，所以MCU应该估算好时间，或者是参考第二传感器126的信号来帮助确定关闭电磁开关阀的时间点。
关于本说明书的各种预紧系统，需要说明以下四点：
1)MCU打开电磁开关阀的一系列处理流程，是在波高没有超过液压缸行程，即没有触发控绳装置的这一个前提下讨论的，但也已经解释清楚了液压预紧方案所能达到的效果，如果波高超过液压缸行程，控绳装置被触发，则MCU的程序里应能够分辨这一情况；
2)在简单涌浪这种波况下，MCU比较容易判断波峰、波谷，而在风浪、杂浪波况下，有时会出现假波谷(即浮体下落暂停，又继续下落)、假波高(即浮体上升暂停又继续上升)情况，这时MCU可能会误判，所以MCU可结合之前几十个乃至更多波的经验数据，找出规律，以进一步提高判断准确率。
3)优选的：MCU通过无线通讯模块接收来自外部的数据或人工发出的设置参数，该数据或参数参考来自海洋环境监测浮标上的数据，以使得MCU更能准确的掌握目前波况信息。当多个阵列的波浪发电机在一起运行时，波浪发电机的第二传感器数据也可共享，作为迎浪的前锋的波浪发电机的MCU可以把它的第二传感器所监测到的数据，通过无线数据传输模块发给其他的波浪发电机，后面的波浪发电机将自己的第二传感器监测到的数据与迎浪前锋的波浪发电机的第二传感器的数据结合，就能更好的掌握将要到来的波浪情况，从而更好的把握控制电磁开关阀/换向支路的时间点。
4)预紧操作以及波峰时利用剩余净浮力的操作会影响海面组件及液压缸的工作状态，MCU在程序编写时，要将预紧操作所致的影响与波浪运动所致的第二传感器数据变化分清，在预紧/剩余净浮力做功的那段时间里，MCU程序里应明确现在处于这一状态，不能将预紧工况判断为波浪下落的复位阶段，不能将剩余净浮力做功工况判断为波浪上升的做功阶段。
本说明书还采用了控制时序表来帮助技术人员理解各个技术方案。首先解释一下时序表中的符号意义。
第一、二列是MCU根据第二传感器判断此时的波面及海面组件工作状态，然后分别在各个阶段里按照表中的换向支路或电磁开关阀的工作符号，对它们进行操作。第三列显示了 液压缸在各个阶段的压强，第四列则显示了高压蓄能器/第三蓄能器的在各个阶段的压强。液压缸的压强与采能索的拉力是正相关的，根据液压缸的压强走势可以判断采能索的拉力走势。
>>：由前一个数值变化逐渐变化为后一个数值。√：电磁开关阀打开。×：电磁开关阀关闭。↑：对于换向支路来说，MCU通过控制电磁两位四通阀，使得换向支路的单向导通方向是为流入液压缸；对于摆动缸或泵&马达来说，是指其内部液压油流向液压缸。↓与刚才的↑相反。0：其内的液压油流速为0，即停止。一：单向阀处于导通状态。
图3B、图7A、图7C、图21、22……至27，都列出了控制时序表，需要指出的是：本示例中，忽略了阀的压降损失、管路中途压降损失、以及机械摩擦，忽略了高压蓄能器在一个波浪周期内的压强变化(一般会有变化，一般容量越大变化幅度越小)，控制时序表中的数值旨在举例，帮助理解其工作原理，而不是仅限于该数值。如果用到了增压缸，是按照增压比k＝2来举例的。下面举例来说明如何解读这些控制时序表。
图7A及图7B是采用了增压缸的高压侧返流型预紧系统，适合图4中的WECS。
第一阶段：MCU根据第二传感器判断浮体1随波浪下落，此时液压油从低压蓄能器(内部压强0.5Mpa)流向液压缸，液压缸2处于复位阶段，内部压强为0.5Mpa，而此时高压蓄能器的压强是10Mpa。MCU控制的电磁开关阀此时处于×状态，并向支路处于截止状态。
第二阶段：MCU根据第二传感器获悉浮体1不再下落，判断浮体1处于波谷，此时控制电磁开关阀为√，即打开电磁开关阀，这时液压油从高压蓄能器中流向液压缸，因为柱塞杆3与控绳装置79连接，在控绳装置不动作时，柱塞杆3的高度是不变的，所以只有液压缸的缸体下降了，于是与缸体所连接的浮体开始下降，吃水深度增加，净浮力增大，采能索的拉力增大。当这个阶段结束时，增压缸两侧平衡，液压缸的压强升到5Mpa(增压缸增压比k＝2)，此时采能索的拉力得到提高，达到了预紧效果。
第三阶段：MCU根据第二传感器判断浮体1处于上升阶段，立即关闭电磁阀，并联支路处于截止状态。此时WECS处于做功阶段，高压液压油从液压缸流向高压蓄能器。
第四阶段：MCU根据第二传感器获悉浮体1不再上升，判断浮体1处于波峰状态，则立即打开电磁阀。该阶段的初始，液压缸压强依然是做功阶段时候的10Mpa，经过增压缸放大为20Mpa，大于高压蓄能器中的10Mpa。所以液压油从液压缸流向高压蓄能器,浮体1上升，吃水减少。液压缸2的压强开始下降，采能索拉力慢慢降低。这个过程中浮体的剩余净浮力对液压缸做的功，转换成了液压能。当到达平衡时，高压蓄能器的压强几乎不变依然为10Mpa而液压缸的压强降到5Mpa，增压缸左侧5Mpa×2等于右侧的10Mpa。
然后又回到第一阶段，如此循环。
下面结合图2,，解释一下图24和图24A，从时序表中第一行开始，此时波浪发电机的浮体随波浪下落，采能索处于拉力最小状态，此时低压蓄能器压力0.5Mpa(暂不考虑准入单向阀的压降)的作用下，液压油进入液压缸内并使其复位。当MCU通过第二传感器126监测到浮体正在下落，液压缸正在复位时，控制换向支路中的电磁两位四通阀，使得换向支路的单向导通方向↓，即为流出液压缸，由于此时第三蓄能器的压强是8Mpa，远大于液压缸内部压强0.5Mpa，所以受到换向支路的止逆阀的阻拦，第三蓄能器中的液压油不能进入液压缸。
看时序表第二阶段，当浮体下落至波谷时，此时波面还未升起，采能索拉力依然很小，处于松弛状态，浮体吃水深度也最小。MCU通过第二传感器126监测到此时处于波谷，则立即将切换所述换向支路中的电磁两位四通阀，使换向支路的单向导通方向逆转为↑，即：只 准流入液压缸。液压油可以从第三蓄能器(8Mpa)通过换向支路进入液压缸(0.5Mpa)了。液压缸内部的压强从0.5Mpa逐渐上升，推动液压缸的活塞相对于其缸体上升，因为活塞杆通过采能索与水下之相对运动参照物连接，所以活塞杆不能上升，那就只能是缸体下降了，液压缸缸体安装在浮体上，则浮体会下沉，这样吃水增加，浮力增大，采能索也被拉紧了，从而达到了预紧目的。这一过程顺便带动了摆动缸125，由于摆动缸125连接着飞轮123，惯性较大，所以在预紧的前半期部分液压能转换成了飞轮的动能，而在预紧的后半期，飞轮的动能使得摆动缸125继续转动，推动液压油继续向前流动，使得液压缸的内部液压，越过液压缸与第三蓄能器的压强平衡点(比如5Mpa)，从5Mpa上升到7Mpa。(假如该图中没有摆动缸+飞轮，虽然也可以达到预紧目的，但液压缸的液压不能升到7Mpa，可能只有5Mpa)。此时第三蓄能器的压强也降到了3Mpa。此时，摆动缸+飞轮的动能耗尽，停止转动。尽管液压缸内部的液压7Mpa大于第三蓄能器的液压3Mpa，但换向支路只允许液压油流向液压缸，反向截止，所以液压油停止流动。
再看时序表第三阶段，下一个波浪到来，波浪推动浮体上升做功，液压缸此时达到了工作压强10Mpa，换向支路依然保持此前状态，新液压支路的液压油依然静止。
再看第四阶段，当浮体到底波峰时波浪无法再推动浮体上升，浮体在竖直方向上的速度为0，但浮体依然吃水很深，有残余的净浮力(净浮力＝浮体此刻所受的浮力减去浮体的重力)。MCU通过第二传感器监测到这一情况，立即对所述的电磁两位四通阀进行切换，使得其单向导通方向↓，即：流出液压缸。此时液压缸的液压是10Mpa，而第三蓄能器的液压是3Mpa，液压缸的液压油流向第三蓄能器，使得第三蓄能器的压强上升，而液压缸的压强下降。液压缸内的液压油流出导致缸体上升，浮体吃水减少，这个过程残余的净浮力对浮体所做的功，转化成了第三蓄能器的压力能。液压油的流动也顺便带动了摆动缸，使得液压油流动的惯性很大，在越过液压缸与第三蓄能器压强平衡点后，液压油依然在摆动缸+飞轮的作用下向第三蓄能器流动，从而更充分的利用所述的净浮力做功(如果此图中没有摆动缸+飞轮，也可以利用净浮力做功，但效果可能不如这么好)。最终，液压缸的压强从10Mpa逐渐降到3Mpa，而第三蓄能器的压强从3Mpa上升到8Mpa。然后又到了浮体下落阶段，如此循环。
下面结合图7中的单浮体压差复位B型WECS，来介绍一下图26和图26A。首先是浮体随波浪下落阶段，此时采能索松弛，浮体吃水小，液压缸压强只有0.5Mpa，而高压蓄能器内部压强是10Mpa。MCU此时控制的换向支路的单向导通方向是↓，即：流出液压缸，对于并联支路来说，液压油不可能从0.5Mpa流向10Mpa，所以停止流动。
当浮体随波浪到达波谷时，此时浮体停止下落，竖直速度为0，浮体相对于倒L刚架(即相对浮体运动之构件)静止，MCU监测到这一情况，立即切换换向支路，使其单向导通方向为↑，即流入液压缸。此时，液压油从10MPa的高压蓄能器，经并联支路，依次经过换向支路、泵&马达127、增压缸147，流向液压缸2，使得缸体相对于柱塞杆下降，因为柱塞杆与倒L刚架连接，而倒L刚架又通过采能索与水下的相对运动参照物连接，所以柱塞杆不能上升，所以缸体将下降，因为缸体安装在浮体上，所以浮体将下沉，吃水量增加，浮力增大，采能索拉力增大，从而达到预紧效果。同时液压缸2内的压强从0.5Mpa逐渐上升，而高压蓄能器的容量较大，所以压强变化很小，这里忽略。在泵&马达+飞轮123的转动惯性作用下，液压油在达到平衡点后(假设平衡点液压缸压强＝10Mpa/2＝5Mpa)，依然继续向液压缸流动。当然此图如果没有泵&马达127+飞轮123，也可达到一定的预紧效果，但没有了惯性，降低 了预紧效果，最后液压缸的压强升到了7Mpa，尽管7×2Mpa已经大于高压蓄能器的10Mpa，但因为换向支路此时为↑，只允许流入液压缸，所以液压油不能从液压缸返回到高压蓄能器。
然后是波浪推动浮体上升的做功阶段，换向支路依然维持不变，此时液压缸内部压强10Mpa，高压蓄能器也是10Mpa，由于换向支路依然是↑，所以液压油只能经准出单向阀(这里不考虑阀的压降)进入高压蓄能器。
当浮体到达波峰时，此时波浪无法再推动浮体向上运动了，浮体的竖向速度为0，MCU监测到这一情况，立即切换换向支路的状态为↓，即：流出液压缸。此时液压缸的压强为10Mpa，经过增压缸147增压，可在增压缸147右侧产生20Mpa的压强。而因为高压蓄能器的压强为10Mpa，所以液压油从液压缸经并联支路流向高压蓄能器。因为高压蓄能器的容量比较大，压强变化幅度小(在此忽略)，而液压缸中液压油的流出将导致液压缸的缸体相对于柱塞上升，也就是导致浮体吃水减少，导致采能索的拉力降低，导致液压缸的液压迅速降低，从10Ma降到3Mpa。这一过程，依然得益于泵&马达+飞轮的转动惯性，可以使得液压缸压强降到平衡点5MPa后，液压油还可以继续流向高压蓄能器，从而更充分的利用残存的净浮力做功，如果没有泵&马达+飞轮，也可以对残存净浮力进行利用，只是效果差些。然后又到了浮体下落阶段，如此循环。另外，图26中的增压缸、泵&马达、换向支路的位置可互换。
对于图3、图7中的液压系统，以及图7A、图7C、图13、图14、图15、图16、图21、图22、图23、图24、图25、图26、图27这些图例，所示的液压缸2，活塞缸与柱塞缸可互相替换，油箱与低压蓄能器也可互相替换，摆动缸与泵&马达可相互替换，替换后的实施例，也可运行并达到预紧效果(但需跟WECS的实际需求相匹配)；而对于其中有电磁开关阀的，该电磁开关阀也可由换向支路所代替，MCU在要实现“关”的时候，只需要将换向支路的导通方向逆着压力方向(压力方向为高压区指向低压区)即可，而在需要实现“开”的时候，只需将换向支路的导通方向与液压油的压力方向一致即可。例如图3B是图3中的电磁开关阀替换成换向支路后的控制时序表，在浮体下落阶段，液压缸压强是0.5Mpa，而高压蓄能器是10Mpa，应让并联支路处于截止状态，换向支路就要逆着压力方向，即为↓(只准流出液压缸)。在波谷阶段，应让并联支路处于开通状态，换向支路就要顺着压力，即↑。在浮体上升的做功阶段，此时液压缸的压强是10Mpa(实际中应该是10+准出单向阀的压降，在此忽略)，而高压蓄能器的压强是10Mpa，因为换向支路自身也要压降，液压油从液压缸到高压蓄能器，从准出单向阀那里走还是从换向支路那里走都是一样的，所以此时换向支路的状态随意，但对于含有弹簧复位的摆动缸，则换向支路此时状态应该是↓，以让摆动缸在复位弹簧作用下复位。在波峰阶段，因为液压缸的压强开始低于10Mpa，而高压蓄能器依然是10Mpa，要阻止高压液压油返流，并联支路应处于截止状态，即换向支路应该逆着压力，即↓。
同样，上个段落中所提到的这些图例中的换向支路，也可以替换为电磁开关阀。除了开关功能，换向支路比电磁开关阀多了一个功能就是自动止逆，如果实施例中用到了换向支路的该功能(例如有摆动缸/泵&马达的实施例，液压油的流动由于飞轮的惯性越过了平衡点，换向支路的止逆功能自动防止了液压油的返流)，则替换为电磁开关阀后，MCU可通过预设延时(估测的)来决定关闭电磁开关阀(防返流)的最佳时刻。而因为浮体与相对浮体运动之构件的相对运动，和进出液压缸的液压油流量与是相关的，MCU也可参考第二传感器126发来的信息来决定上述关闭动作的最佳时刻。
另外对于图22，这是在第三蓄能器128与换向支路间的新液压支路上插入了一个增压缸， 属于预紧方案V。增压缸的引入会使得第三蓄能器128的液压动力响应发生变化，技术人员可以在增压缸的协助下，达到想要的性能。
节VI：吊锚技术在CN107255060 A已有介绍，有以下几种：
1)直连吊锚：见图17，在浮体B的两侧各系泊一个浮标A、C，每个浮标各系一根缆绳57，这两根缆绳的另一端连接到该WECS的重力锚17上；图18中的浮体D下方的重力锚17也是直连吊锚。
2)滑轮吊锚：见图17，在浮体D两侧各系泊一个浮标59，一根缆绳57的两端分别系在这两个浮标59上，这根缆绳57的中部绕过一个靠近重力锚17的滑轮56，滑轮56的滑轮架底端与WECS的重力锚17顶面连接，从上方下来的本来要连接重力锚17的采能索30，改为连接到所述滑轮架56顶端，WECS浮体G下方的重力锚以及图18中的WECS浮体B下方的重力锚都是滑轮吊锚。
3)双索道吊锚：重力锚是平放立方体，重力锚顶面四顶点分别安装一滑轮，这样重力锚顶面的两对边各有两滑轮，每个对边的滑轮(两个)各在一根索道上滚动，两根索道在重力锚左侧合为一股，并绕一滑轮，该滑轮的滑轮架与左侧用于悬吊重力锚的缆绳连接，同样右侧也是这样，左右对称。两侧滑轮将浮标对缆绳上的拉力均分到两索道上，两索道对其所穿过的、安装在重力锚两边的滑轮提供向上拉力，从而将重力锚悬吊在水中。
4)侧绕吊锚：重力锚为平放的立方体，重力锚前后两侧面上部各安装一导缆器，在重力锚的右侧两竖直棱边上安装两导向滑轮，缆绳依次穿过后导缆器、绕过右后棱边的导向滑轮、右前棱边的导向滑轮、穿过前导缆器，两导缆器及两导向滑轮与重力锚顶面距离相等。悬吊缆绳相当于从重力锚一侧绕过，力作用点是在两侧的导缆器上。很显然，借助于导缆器、导向滑轮，重力锚可以沿缆绳滑动。
5)担架吊锚：两根硬直杆平行、端面对齐的分别穿过重力锚两个相隔一定距离的贯穿横向通孔，两根硬直杆的左端与一钢架固接，两根硬直杆的右端与另一钢架固接，
两侧的悬吊缆绳分别通过V形绳索与两侧钢架连接，即V形绳索的两个顶点连接钢架两端，V形绳索的底端连接悬吊缆绳。两侧的悬吊缆绳对两根硬直杆提供了向上的拉力，硬直杆则给与重力锚向上的托举力，类似担架。而重力锚可以以硬直杆做导轨左右滑动。
上面3)、4)、5)三种吊锚方案，重力锚两侧的悬吊缆绳的另一端分别连接水面上的相隔一定距离系泊的两浮标，而波浪发电机的浮体则处于在两浮标中间，这与1)、2)吊锚方案是一样的。对于上述五种吊锚方案，重力锚的湿重(重力减去浮力)要大于WECS做功时向上的拉力，而两浮标的最大可提供浮力大于重力锚湿重，最好还有足够的冗余储备浮力。
优选的：以上各种吊锚方案，所述浮体与所述浮标间用绳子44连接(如图17、18)。这样互为一个整体互相牵扯，当浮体移动时会被两侧浮标拉扯，从而避免浮体偏离太大。从而避免浮体下方的重力锚横纵跟随的运动到达极限。进一步优选的：在所述绳子44中间系上重块51以提供缓冲，或串接一拉簧33替换重块51。
以上即为吊锚方案。对于WECS的预紧液压系统来说，作为水下之相对运动参照物的被悬吊重力锚，如果不稳定，将不利于WECS的预紧液压系统的MCU更好的判断WECS的工作状态，因为WECS浮体和重力锚都在动的这种相对运动要比只有WECS浮体在动而重力锚 稳定的相对运动更复杂，例如有时候浮体随波浪在下落，而重力锚在以更快是速度下落，这时浮体其实是相对重力锚上升的，液压缸是处于做功状态的，此时MCU很难判定WECS是处于哪个状态了，所以让吊锚(被悬吊的重力锚)尽量保持稳定是必要的，下面是三种针对吊锚技术改进的具体措施。
对于吊锚方案，优选的：见图18，所述浮标(A、C、E)为细长胶囊外形，连接浮标的连接点位于胶囊的一端的外表中心点上。对于同样体积的细长胶囊形状和扁状的浮标，波浪上下起伏所引起的浮力变化，肯定是前者小。这样就使得吊锚能够更加的稳定。
优选的：吊锚中的重力锚底部固接一水平阻尼板，重力锚处于阻尼板的中央上方位置。作用是：利用阻尼板在水中运动遇到的水的阻力，来使得重力锚能够在竖直方向上比较稳定。
优选的：悬吊重力锚17的缆绳57中部替换为拉簧104(如图18)，作用是：改变重力锚17与悬吊其的浮标59的联动运动特性，使得重力锚与悬吊浮标之间可以不同步，弹簧起到缓冲的作用。补充：如果悬吊缆绳本身弹性很好，比如尼龙绳，也可以等效为加了弹簧。
在只有阻尼板97而没有悬吊缆绳上的拉簧104缓冲的情况下，如果悬吊用的缆绳59刚性太强，那么因为加了阻尼板的重力锚的运动受到水的巨大阻力，而浮标在海面会受到波浪的冲击，这样就会导致悬吊缆绳上出现非常大的冲击力，为解决这个问题，进一步优选的：吊锚技术同时采用了前述的缓冲拉簧和阻尼板方案，这样可大大降低悬吊缆绳上的冲击力。
另外，吊锚没有阻尼板有时可以有增大浮体与重力锚之间相对运动幅度的作用(CN107255060A，段[0207])，对于比较简单的波况比如涌浪，是可以没有阻尼板的，而在杂浪下又需要阻尼板，从而有利于预紧系统对工作状态的判断，所以为了兼顾二者，对于上述的阻尼板，可以设计成可电动的展开或收起，可采用的方案有(见图19)：
电动平开式阻尼板：与市场上的电动平开窗的结构一样，只是将玻璃板替换成钢板；
电动推拉式阻尼板：与市场上的电动推拉门或汽车上的电动车窗结构一样，只是将玻璃板替换成钢板；
电动折叠式阻尼板：包括折叠式钢板、驱动电机，与卫星上的折叠式太阳能电池板一样，只是把电池板的材料替换成钢板；
电动百叶式阻尼板：包括百叶、驱动电机，与壁挂家用空调的调节出风方向的结构一样，只是把百叶选择为钢板材料；
电动阻尼板应该在重力锚前后左右两侧是对称的，以保持受力平衡，驱动电机为直流电机，其正负两根电线向上延伸，钻入浮体内，电力由浮体内的电池提供，浮体内的单片机控制所述驱动电机的正转、反转、停转。
图20为电控阻尼板的操控流程，MCU通过无线数据模块接收人工发出指令，然后通过伺服电路模块控制伺服电机的正转/反转/停转，伺服电机驱动电动阻尼板的展开或收起。
对于采用吊锚的波浪发电机(泛指一切采用吊锚的波浪发电机，不仅是本说明书提到的)，优选的：见图18，从WECS的发电机引发出来的电缆12钻出浮体1后，在浮体间沿浮体间绳子44行进(途中是WECS浮体B、浮标C、WECS浮体D)，并且部分螺旋的缠绕在绳子44上，或部分采用螺旋电缆121形式，该螺旋电缆21套在绳子44上，之所以采用螺旋电缆121是因为浮体之间的绳子在脉冲拉力下会伸缩，电缆12必须能够有一定程度的伸长能力，同时电缆12应能够与绳子44出现比较大的相对错动，螺旋电缆可满足该要求，可靠性也高。
优选的：所述波浪发电机引出来的电缆12钻出浮体后沿所述绳子44延伸，途中通过了 旋转148/万向节/球铰式149电力连接器；具体为：所述电缆的在刚钻出浮体处，或在所述绳子中间所系的重块51处连接一旋转/万向节/球铰式电力连接器的一个接线端，该旋转/万向节/球铰式电力连接器的另一接线端连接另一段电缆12的一端。所述旋转电力连接器/万向节/球铰式电力连接器安装在浮体上/重块上/重块系点处的绳子上，见图18中的浮体B左边的球铰式电力连接器149和旋转电力连接器148。进一步优选的旋转/万向节/球铰式电力连接器是防水的。
对于采用吊锚的、从左到右分布的、通过绳子串联在一起的的多个波浪发电机(泛指一切采用吊锚的波浪发电机，不仅是本说明书提到的)，优选的：所述波浪发电机的发电机均为直流发电机，其中某个波浪发电机的正负极引出来的两根电缆钻出浮体外，分别向左右(正极向左、负极向右)两侧顺着所述绳子延伸，左侧正极电缆与左侧相邻波浪发电机的负极电缆连接，右侧负极电缆与右侧相邻波浪发电机的正极电缆连接，这样这三个波浪发电机的直流发电机就串联起来了(图18中，B、D串联起来了)。
针对本说明书，以下几段内容均为优选的建议：本说明书所有浮体、控绳机构外壳，都可是钢制/玻璃钢/高密度聚乙烯壳体，例如可以是Q235材质；本说明书的所有的零部件除液压系统、重力锚、电气部分、发电机、绳索、绳子、绳缆、缆绳、导缆器的滚柱及工作中需变形的零件外，均可采用钢材料，例如碳钢(优选Q235)或不锈钢；导缆器上的滚柱可采用尼龙材料；本说明书提到的用作采能索的绳索，以及在有的实施例中采用的连接活塞杆末端与控绳机构顶端的的绳索可选用高强度、高模量的材料，如UHMWPE,为减少磨损，优选的：可外包耐磨软质材料(如橡胶)制成的套；本说明书的其他绳缆、绳子、缆绳、绳索可采用PP/聚乙烯/尼龙绳；本说明书提到的所有轴承(包括导缆器/双滚轮导缆钳、导向滚轮内的轴承)都可采用铜基石墨自润滑轴承/陶瓷轴承；防腐方面的手段：如果浮体、控绳机构外壳是钢制，则可采用玻璃钢/聚脲/高密度聚乙烯覆盖的钢制壳体，或牺牲阳极保护法、或外表喷漆；重力锚、配重、重块可用水泥块/铁块来做。本说明书的绳索/绳子/绳缆/缆绳与其他刚性零部件的连接可采用鸡心环方式，该鸡心环与其他刚性零部件上的U形环配对。
液压及电气系统方面：电磁开关阀可采用直动式/分步直动式/先导式，最好选择常闭型；蓄能器(包括第三蓄能器、高压蓄能器、低压蓄能器)可采用气囊式/活塞式/隔膜式/弹簧式，优选活塞式(属于气体加载类)；液压油管可采用钢丝或夹布的，如果油管不是运动的也可采用钢管；发电机可采用永磁无刷的直流或交流发电机，液压马达可采用端面配流的轴向柱塞马达，摆动缸采用齿轮齿条式/叶片式/螺旋式，补油泵可采用摆线泵；电缆采用铜/铝电缆。
本说明书及附图所提到的油箱，可以是开式油箱，但因为浮体在海面上摇摆不定，为防止液压油洒出来，可以采用闭式油箱，有充气式和隔离式，但最好是隔离式。
为了保证发电机的电压稳定，需要发电机转速的稳定，而大浪和小浪下液压缸输出的流量是不同的。本说明书提到的液压马达，可以是电液变量马达，单片机根据发电机输出的电压，来控制该变量马达的排量，来实现不同流量下马达、发电机的转速的基本稳定。也可以采用定量液压马达，但在液压马达与发电机之间插入变速器；但最好是可以电控变速的，单片机根据发电机电压，对该电控变速器的传动比进行控制，液压马达虽然转速受到波况影响，但通过改变传动比，来让发电机转速依然保持稳定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，包括波浪能采集转换系统，该波浪能采集转换系统包括海面组件、采能索、水下之相对运动参照物，所述海面组件为单浮体弹簧复位型/单浮体压差复位型/双浮体重力复位型，所述海面组件包括浮体、相对浮体运动之构件、液压系统及发电机，所述液压系统分为闭式循环/开式循环，闭式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀；开式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、油箱、准入单向阀；其特征在于：在该液压系统的液压缸的进出油口处的液压管路上，也就是在所述液压缸与所述准出单向阀之间的管路上，再引出一条新液压支路，该液压支路经过一电磁开关阀/电动开关阀，终点是连接一第三蓄能器；单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/其所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀的开关动作进行控制；所述电磁开关阀也可以替换为换向支路，具体为：一电磁两位四通阀，其工作状态为：P>>A,B>>T或P>>B,A>>T，增加一含单向阀的支路将B、A通口连接，形成B>>第三单向阀>>A支路，所述电磁两位四通阀的P、T口替换到所述电磁开关阀所连接处，所述单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁两位四通阀进行控制；
    优选的：所述水下之相对运动参照物为吊锚，或海床上的重力锚/摩擦桩/吸力锚；
    优选的：所述电磁开关阀为直动式/分步直动式/先导式；
    优选的：所述第三蓄能器/高压蓄能器/低压蓄能器为气囊式/活塞式/隔膜式/弹簧式。
  2. 一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，包括波浪能采集转换系统，该波浪能采集转换系统包括海面组件、采能索、水下之相对运动参照物，所述海面组件为单浮体弹簧复位型/单浮体压差复位型/双浮体重力复位型，所述海面组件包括浮体、相对浮体运动之构件、液压系统及发电机，所述液压系统分为闭式循环/开式循环，闭式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀；开式循环路线为：液压缸、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、油箱、准入单向阀；其特征在于：在所述液压系统的所述准出单向阀旁边，再并联一液压支路，该支路上设一电磁开关阀/电动开关阀，单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/其所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀的开关动作进行控制，所述电磁开关阀也可以替换为换向支路，具体为：一电磁两位四通阀，其工作状态为：P>>A,B>>T或P>>B,A>>T，增加一含单向阀的支路将B、A通口连接，形成B>>第三单向阀>>A支路，所述电磁两位四通阀的P、T口替换到所述电磁开关阀所连接处，所述单片机/PLC接收来自监测所述海面组件工作状态/所处波面状态的第二传感器的信号，对所述电磁两位四通阀进行控制；以所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路为分界点，所述并联支路的近液压缸一段定义为前半段，近高压蓄能器一段定义为后半段；
    优选的：所述水下之相对运动参照物为吊锚，或海床上的重力锚/摩擦桩/吸力锚；
    优选的：所述高压蓄能器/低压蓄能器，为气囊式/活塞式/隔膜式/弹簧式；
    优选的：所述电磁开关阀为直动式/分步直动式/先导式开关阀。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：在所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路之前或后的新液压支路上，再插入一摆动缸/泵&马达，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与飞轮轴连，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与 所述飞轮联动；
    优选的，增加转速传感器，所述单片机/PLC根据该转速传感器监测到的飞轮转速情况，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀进行关闭控制；或在所述新液压支路上设一液压油的流向传感器/流量传感器/液压传感器，该单片机/PLC根据该流向/流量传感器监测液压油的流向/流量的变化情况，或根据液压传感器监测到的液压变化情况，对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀进行关闭控制；
    优选的：所述摆动缸为叶片式/齿轮齿条式/螺旋式/杠杆式；
    优选的：所述带式/齿轮/链式传动机构是给所述飞轮增速的；
    优选的：所述泵&马达为采用端面配流的轴向柱塞泵或轴配流的径向柱塞马达。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：在所述并联支路上再插入一摆动缸/泵&马达，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与飞轮轴连，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与飞轮联动；
    优选的，所述摆动缸为叶片式/齿轮齿条式/螺旋式/杠杆式；
    优选的：所述带式/齿轮/链式传动机构是给所述飞轮增速的；
    优选的：所述摆动缸/泵&马达插入的位置位于所述并联支路的前半段，与所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路与所述摆动缸/泵&马达之间的液压管路上，再引出一条续流支路，该续流支路经一止逆阀与所述液压系统中的低压蓄能器/油箱连接，如果所述液压系统是闭式循环则为低压蓄能器，如果是开式循环，则为油箱；该止逆阀的导通方向为从低压蓄能器/油箱处流向所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀/换向支路与所述摆动缸/泵&马达之间处；
    优选的：所述摆动缸上安装有复位弹簧，该复位弹簧的复位力使得所述摆动缸上液压油流向是从摆动缸的近所述液压缸一端流向近所述电磁开关阀/换向支路一端；
    优选的：所述泵&马达为采用端面配流的轴向柱塞泵或轴配流的径向柱塞马达。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：在所述新液压支路上再插入一增压缸；优选的：在所述新液压支路上再插入一摆动缸/泵&马达，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与所述飞轮轴连，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与所述飞轮联动。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：在所述并联支路上再插入一增压缸；优选的：所述增压缸上的近液压缸一侧的有效工作面积大于其近高压蓄能器一侧；
    优选的：在所述并联支路上再插入一摆动缸/泵&马达，该摆动缸/泵&马达的轴与所述飞轮轴连，或所述摆动缸/泵&马达的轴通过带式/齿轮/链式传动机构与所述飞轮联动；
    进一步优选的：增加监测所述飞轮的转速传感器，或在所述并联支路上插入一流向/流量传感器，或在所述液压缸与所述摆动缸/泵&马达之间插入一液压传感器，单片机/PLC根据所述转速/流向/流量/液压传感器对所述电磁开关阀/电动开关阀进行关闭控制。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述第二传感器有如下几种：
    a)测距传感器：安装在浮体上，监测与采能索联动的构件与浮体顶面的距离变化；优选的：该传感器安装在浮体顶面，被监测的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；优选的：所述 测距传感器为激光式/超声波式/红外线式；
    b)直线位移传感器：竖直放置，包括两个可相对直线运动的部件，一个部件连接到浮体，另一个部件连接到与采能索联动的构件上；优选的：所述的一个部件连接到浮体顶面，被另一个部件连接到的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；优选的：所述直线位移传感器为拉绳式/拉杆式；
    c)直线速度传感器：竖直放置，包括两个可相对直线运动的部件，一个部件连接到浮体，另一个部件连接到与采能索联动的构件上；优选的：所述的第一个部件连接的是浮体顶面，所述的第二个部件所连接的所述构件处于浮体顶面以上；
    d)加速度传感器：安装在所述浮体腔内，测量所述浮体的运动加速度；
    e)吃水传感器：安装在所述浮体壳体外底面的水压传感器；
    f)拉力传感器：串联的接入到所述采能索上，以监测该采能索的拉力；
    g)液压传感器：安装在所述液压缸的进出口与准出单向阀之间的液压管路上，监测进出油口处的液压；
    流量传感器：安装在所述液压缸进出油口与准出单向阀之间的液压管路上，监测进出油口处的流量；
    优选的：所述单片机/PLC通过无线通讯模块从外界接收额外的波况数据/人工设置的参数。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：所述海面组件为单浮体压差复位B型，具体结构为：一浮体，结构可理解为：一封闭壳体，中心贯穿一竖直的直管，然后去除直管内的壳体部分，形成一个中心有通孔的全封闭壳体；一倒L刚架的竖边为方管或矩形截面的长直杆，该竖边从安装在所述通孔中的上下两个间隔一定距离的四滚柱导缆器中穿过，并且其四个侧面与所述四滚柱导缆器的四个滚柱分别一一紧贴，所述两个四滚柱导缆器也可替换为上下两段引导倒L刚架上下运动的导轨；倒L刚架的横边在所述浮体之上，该横边与一竖直/倾斜的柱塞缸的柱塞杆柄连接，该柱塞缸的缸体末端与所述封闭壳体顶面连接，所述柱塞缸也可倒置连接，即：其柱塞缸缸体末端与所述倒L刚架的横边连接，其柱塞杆柄与所述浮体的封闭壳体顶面连接；所述柱塞缸与其他构件的所述连接为固接/凸耳/铰轴/耳环方式，如果柱塞缸是倾斜的，则不适用固接；倒L刚架底端与所述采能索一端连接，该采能索另一端与所述水下之相对运动参照物连接，或所述倒L刚架底端先与控绳机构顶端连接，该控绳机构的采能索的底端与所述水下之相对运动参照物连接，所述倒L刚架与控绳机构顶端的连接方式为固接/活动连接，优选挠性/万向连接，比如十字万向连接；
    所述液压系统为闭式循环，循环路线是所述柱塞缸腔、准出单向阀、高压蓄能器、液压马达、低压蓄能器、准入单向阀，所述液压马达带动发电机发电；
    另外所述两导缆器/导轨中下面的那个，也可以安装在一竖立直筒内的底部；具体为：增加一竖立直筒，该直筒顶端与所述浮体底面固接，该直筒轴线与所述通孔轴线重合，该直筒内径大于所述通孔或内径小于所述通孔但顶端固接一法兰，通过该法兰与所述浮体底面固接；所述的两个导缆器/导轨中的下面的那个，下移安装到所述直筒内的底部，而上面的那个导缆器/导轨安装在所述浮体通孔内的上部；
    优选的：在所述闭式液压系统中，串接一滤油器，该滤油器处于所述准入单向阀与所述 低压蓄能器之间；
    优选的：所述发电机为无刷永磁的交流或直流发电机；
    优选的：所述马达为端面配流的轴向柱塞马达；
    优选的：所述浮体的结构为：轴线有通孔的圆柱体外形，全封闭壳体；进一步优选的，材质为钢制/高密度聚乙烯/聚氨酯/玻璃钢；
    优选的：所述柱塞杆外套防护罩，该防护罩一端与柱塞杆柄对接密封，另一端与所述柱塞缸缸体外侧对接密封；
    优选的：所述倒L刚架、直筒是刚性构件，进一步优选的：材料为钢或铝合金；
    优选的：所述直筒为圆管形，该直筒与所述浮体的固接为焊接/法兰式连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：采用了吊锚技术，所述水下之相对运动参照物为被两侧浮标通过缆绳悬吊的重力锚；
    优选的：该悬吊的重力锚底部与一水平放置的阻尼板固接，所述重力锚处于阻尼板的中央上方处；
    优选的：悬吊所述重力锚的所述缆绳中段用一拉簧代替；进一步优选的，如所述吊锚为直连吊锚，则该重力锚两侧的悬吊缆绳上均串接有拉簧；
    优选的：悬吊重力锚的所述浮标为细长胶囊外形，轴线竖立，其与悬吊缆绳的连接点位于该胶囊形浮标的底端中心。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种浮力单向做功的波浪发电机，其特征在于：采用了吊锚技术，所述水下之相对运动参照物为被两侧浮标通过缆绳悬吊的重力锚，并且波浪发电机的所述浮体与所述浮标之间用绳子连接，所述波浪发电机引出来的电缆钻出浮体后，沿所述绳子延伸，途中通过了旋转/万向节/球铰式电力连接器；具体为：所述电缆的在刚钻出浮体处，或在所述绳子中间所系的重块处连接一旋转/万向节/球铰式电力连接器的一个接线端，该旋转/万向节/球铰式电力连接器的另一接线端连接另一段电缆的一端；所述旋转电力连接器/万向节/球铰式电力连接器安装在浮体上/重块上/重块系点处的绳子上；进一步优选的所述旋转/万向节/球铰式电力连接器是防水的；优选的：所述电缆的一部分螺旋的缠绕在所述绳子上，或部分为螺旋电缆，该螺旋电缆套在所述绳子上。
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