WO2021200382A1 - 積層体 - Google Patents
積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021200382A1 WO2021200382A1 PCT/JP2021/011912 JP2021011912W WO2021200382A1 WO 2021200382 A1 WO2021200382 A1 WO 2021200382A1 JP 2021011912 W JP2021011912 W JP 2021011912W WO 2021200382 A1 WO2021200382 A1 WO 2021200382A1
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- heat exchange
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Images
Classifications
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- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F12/00—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening
- F24F12/001—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air
- F24F12/006—Use of energy recovery systems in air conditioning, ventilation or screening with heat-exchange between supplied and exhausted air using an air-to-air heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/58—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/16—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin specially treated, e.g. irradiated
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Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a laminate. More specifically, the present invention relates to a laminate comprising a porous base material and a moisture permeable film provided on at least one surface of the porous base material.
- the present application was filed in Japan on March 31, 2020, Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-61735, filed in Japan on March 31, 2020, Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-61833, and filed in Japan on September 30, 2020. Claim the priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-164275 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-164298 filed in Japan on September 30, 2020, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- a heat exchange type ventilation device that exchanges heat between supply air and exhaust air during ventilation is known.
- a heat exchange sheet is used for heat exchange in the heat exchange type ventilator.
- the heat exchange sheet is a partition member that physically separates air supply and exhaust, and has low air permeability (gas barrier property) to prevent air supply and exhaust from mixing, and air supply and exhaust. Heat transfer is required for heat exchange between them.
- the heat exchange sheet (partition member for total heat exchange element) used in the total heat exchanger which exchanges humidity (latent heat) as well as temperature (sensible heat) between air supply and exhaust, has even higher transparency. It is also required to have wetness.
- a moisture permeable film formed of a deliquescent low-molecular-weight compound such as calcium chloride, lithium chloride, sulfuric acid, or sodium hydroxide can be considered. Be done. Among them, a moisture permeable membrane formed of calcium chloride or lithium chloride is widely used from the viewpoint of safety. However, the hygroscopic membrane formed from a deliquescent compound or a low molecular weight compound has high solubility in water and is inferior in water resistance.
- heat exchange sheets used in the total heat exchanger include a porous base material and a hydrophilic polymer compound provided on the surface and inside of the porous base material, and the above-mentioned hydrophilic polymer compound is ,
- a partition member for a partition member for a total heat exchange element which is a polymer of a compound having a quaternary ammonium group and an amide group, is known (see Patent Document 1).
- the hydrophilic polymer compound using the polymer of the compound having a quaternary ammonium group and an amide group described in Patent Document 1 has insufficient moisture permeability.
- the moisture permeability in a low temperature and low humidity environment was insufficient.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a laminate having low air permeability and excellent moisture permeability.
- the inventors of the present disclosure are provided on at least one surface of the porous base material and the above-mentioned porous base material, and are provided with moisture permeability formed from a specific copolymer. It has been found that the laminate provided with the film has low air permeability and excellent moisture permeability. The present disclosure relates to what has been completed based on these findings.
- the present disclosure comprises a porous substrate and a moisture permeable film provided on at least one surface of the porous substrate, and the moisture permeable film has a side chain containing a hydrophilic group as a functional group.
- a laminate formed from a thermoplastic copolymer is provided.
- the hydrophilic group is preferably a betaine group.
- the above copolymer further has a hydrophobic functional group in the side chain.
- the copolymer has a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) as a structural unit having a side chain containing the betaine group and a structural unit having the hydrophobic functional group in the side chain by the following formula (2). From a copolymer having a structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and a molar ratio of the structural unit represented by the above formula (2) to the structural unit represented by the above formula (2) of 1/100 to 100/1. It is preferably formed.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- X represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Y represents a divalent linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Z 1 represents O or NH.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 3 represents a hydrocarbon group having 2 or more carbon atoms
- Z 2 represents O or NH.
- the cation in the above formula (1) is preferably an ammonium ion.
- the anion in the above formula (1) is preferably a phosphate ion, a sulfate ion, or a carbonate ion.
- the above formula (1) may include a group represented by the following formula (1-1), a group represented by the following formula (1-2), or a group represented by the following formula (1-3). preferable.
- X and Y are the same as above, and the bond on the left side of the carbonyl carbon atom is bonded to the carbon atom having R 1 in formula (1).
- R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 represent the same or different alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 8 and R 9 represent alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which are the same or different.
- the weight average molecular weight of the above copolymer is preferably 20,000 to 2 million.
- the copolymer is a random copolymer of a monomer forming a structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and a monomer forming a structural unit represented by the above formula (2). Is preferable.
- the surface of the porous substrate on the side provided with the moisture permeable membrane is hydrophilized.
- the surface of the moisture permeable membrane has a structure in which a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion are phase-separated, and it is preferable that the maximum diameter of the hydrophilic portion is 50 nm or less on the surface of the moisture permeable membrane.
- the present disclosure also provides a partition member for a total heat exchange element made of the above-mentioned laminated body.
- the present disclosure also includes a plurality of partition members for the above-mentioned total heat exchange element, and also includes a plurality of partition members.
- a space holding member is provided which is arranged between the laminated partition members for the total heat exchange element and holds the space between the adjacent partition members for the total heat exchange element.
- a total heat exchange element in which a first air flow path and a second air flow path are alternately formed with the partition member for the total heat exchange element interposed therebetween.
- the present disclosure also comprises the above total heat exchange element.
- Ventilation device in which the air supply supplied from the outside to the room flows through the first air flow path of the total heat exchange element, and the exhaust gas discharged from the room to the outside flows through the second air flow path of the total heat exchange element. I will provide a.
- the laminate of the present disclosure has low air permeability and excellent moisture permeability. It also has excellent moisture permeability in a low temperature and low humidity environment. Therefore, the laminate of the present disclosure can be particularly preferably used as a partition member for a total heat exchange element.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a VIII-VIII cross section of FIG.
- the laminate according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes at least a porous base material and a moisture permeable film provided on at least one surface of the porous base material.
- the moisture permeable membrane may be provided on one side of the porous base material, or may be provided on both sides.
- the laminated body may have a structure in which the moisture permeable membrane is sandwiched between the two porous substrates. That is, the porous base material may be provided on both sides of the moisture permeable membrane.
- the two porous substrates may be the same porous substrate, or may be porous substrates having different materials, thicknesses, and the like.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the laminate of the present disclosure.
- the laminate (40) includes a porous base material (41) and a moisture permeable film (42) provided on one surface (41a) of the porous base material (41).
- the moisture permeable membrane is formed from a thermoplastic copolymer having a side chain containing a hydrophilic group as a functional group.
- the copolymer has a hydrophilic portion by having a side chain containing the hydrophilic group. Therefore, it is presumed that a hydrophilic portion is formed in the moisture permeable membrane formed from the copolymer, and the hydrophilic portion functions as a water conducting path to allow more water vapor to pass through, and is excellent in moisture permeability.
- NS thermoplastic copolymer having a side chain containing a hydrophilic group as a functional group.
- a moisture-permeable film formed of calcium chloride or potassium chloride tends to have an extremely low water absorption amount and inferior humidity permeability in a low-temperature and low-humidity environment, but is formed from the above-mentioned copolymer.
- the moisture-permeable film is excellent in moisture permeability without extremely reducing the amount of water absorbed even in a low-temperature and low-humidity environment.
- the hydrophilic group contained in the side chain include a betaine group, a urethane group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, an amino group and the like. Among them, they are amphoteric and have extremely high hydrophilicity. Therefore, a betaine group is preferable.
- the side chain containing the hydrophilic group may have only one type, or may have two or more types.
- thermoplastic copolymer means that the polymer main chain is a thermoplastic resin.
- thermoplastic resin include acrylic resins, cellulose resins, polyester resins such as polybutylene terephthalate, polyether resins, polyurethane resins, polyvinyl chloride resins, polyethylene, polystyrene resins, and polyamide resins.
- Polyacetal resin polycarbonate resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyether ether ketone, polyimide resin, polytetrafluoroethylene resin, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid and the like.
- the above copolymer preferably further has a hydrophobic functional group in the side chain.
- the copolymer has a hydrophobic portion by having a side chain containing a hydrophobic functional group in addition to the side chain containing a betaine group.
- a hydrophobic portion is formed together with the hydrophilic portion in the moisture permeable membrane formed from the copolymer. Therefore, in the moisture permeable membrane formed from the above-mentioned copolymer, the hydrophilic portion and the hydrophobic portion form a phase-separated structure, and the hydrophilic portion functions as a water conducting path to allow more water vapor to pass therethrough. It is presumed to have better moisture permeability.
- the hydrophobic functional group include a hydrocarbon group having 2 or more carbon atoms.
- the hydrophobic functional group may have only one kind, or may have two or more kinds.
- the copolymer has a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) as a structural unit having a side chain containing the betaine group and a structural unit having the hydrophobic functional group in the side chain by the following formula (2). It is preferable to include the structural unit represented. Further, in the above-mentioned copolymer, the molar ratio of the structural unit represented by the above formula (1) to the structural unit represented by the above formula (2) is preferably 1/100 to 100/1.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- X represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Y represents a divalent linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Z 1 represents O or NH.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 3 represents a hydrocarbon group having 2 or more carbon atoms
- Z 2 represents O or NH.
- the above-mentioned copolymer has an amphoteric and extremely hydrophilic group derived from ⁇ and ⁇ , and has a hydrophilic portion. Further, the copolymer has an alkyl ester portion having 2 or more carbon atoms, which is a hydrophobic portion, by containing the structural unit represented by the above formula (2). When the molar ratio is within the above range, the hydrophilic portion and the hydrophobic portion are present in a well-balanced manner in the copolymer.
- the hydrophilic portion and the hydrophobic portion form a phase-separated structure, and the hydrophilic portion functions as a water conducting path to allow more water vapor to pass therethrough. It is presumed to have excellent moisture permeability. Further, in general, a moisture-permeable film formed of calcium chloride or potassium chloride tends to have an extremely low water absorption amount and inferior humidity permeability in a low-temperature and low-humidity environment, but is formed from the above-mentioned copolymer.
- the moisture-permeable film is excellent in moisture permeability without extremely reducing the amount of water absorbed even in a low-temperature and low-humidity environment. Further, when the ratio of the hydrophobic portion to the hydrophilic portion and the hydrophobic portion is large in these molar ratios, it is possible to obtain a moisture permeable membrane having excellent moisture permeability, which is difficult to dissolve in water, and which is also excellent in water resistance. Furthermore, since the pH of the aqueous solution of the copolymer is weakly acidic, metal corrosion is less likely to occur as compared with a conventional moisture-permeable film using a strongly acidic resin having an acidic functional group such as a sulfonyl group (). That is, it has excellent metal corrosion resistance).
- Examples of the structural unit including the structural unit represented by the above formula (1) include the structural unit represented by the following formula (1').
- R 4 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group.
- R 1 , X, Y, Z 1 , ⁇ , and ⁇ are the same as above. ]
- R 4 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group, and examples thereof include an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methylene group and an ethylene group.
- Examples of the structural unit represented by the above formula (1') when R 4 is a methylene group include a structural unit derived from an acrylic acid ester and a structural unit derived from a methacrylic acid ester.
- the divalent hydrocarbon group may have a substituent.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and more preferably a methyl group.
- X represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include an alkylene group, an alkaneylene group, and an alkynylene group.
- alkylene group include a linear or branched C 1-4 alkylene group such as a methylene group, a dimethylene group, a trimethylene group, an isopropylene group and a tetramethylene group.
- alkenylene group examples include a linear or branched C 2-4 alkenylene group such as an ethynylene group, a 1-propenylene group, an isopropenylene group, a 1-butenylene group, a 2-butenylene group, and a 3-butenylene group. Can be mentioned.
- a linear or branched alkylene group is preferable, and a linear alkylene group is more preferable.
- Y represents a divalent linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, and an alkynylene group.
- the alkylene group include a methylene group, a dimethylene group, a trimethylene group and a tetramethylene group.
- the alkenylene group include an ethynylene group, a 1-propenylene group, a 1-butenylene group and the like.
- the divalent linear hydrocarbon group an alkylene group is preferable, and a linear alkylene group is more preferable.
- Z 1 represents O or NH. That is, Z 1 which is a divalent bonding group is an -O- (ether bond) or an amino bond (-NH-), and is combined with an adjacent carbonyl carbon in the structural unit represented by the above formula (1). To form an ester bond or an amide bond.
- ⁇ and ⁇ are combinations of cations and anions. That is, ⁇ is a cation and ⁇ is an anion, or ⁇ is an anion and ⁇ is a cation. Ammonium ion is preferable as the cation.
- phosphate (-PO 4 -) (-SO 3 -), sulfate ion, or carbonate ion - is preferably (-CO 2).
- the anion is a phosphate ion
- the structural unit represented by the above formula (1) contains phosphobetaine
- the anion is a sulfate ion
- the structural unit represented by the above formula (1) is sulfobetaine.
- the anion is a carbonate ion
- the structural unit represented by the above formula (1) contains carbobetaine.
- the anion may have a resonance structure in the copolymer.
- the cation is an ammonium ion
- the anion is phosphate ion (-PO 4 -), sulfate ion (-SO 3 -), or carbonate ions (-CO 2 -)
- Examples of the structural unit include those having a group represented by the following formulas (1-1) to (1-3). [In formulas (1-1) to (1-3), X and Y are the same as above, and the bond on the left side of the carbonyl carbon atom (the carbonyl carbon atom on the left side in formula (1-3)) is the formula. (1) Bonds to the carbon atom having R 1 in.
- R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 represent the same or different alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 8 and R 9 represent alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which are the same or different.
- R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 represent the same or different alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a t-butyl group and the like. Of these, a methyl group is preferable.
- X is a dimethylene group and Y is a dimethylene group.
- Examples of the monomer forming the structural unit represented by the above formula (1-1) include 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine.
- Examples of the structural unit represented by the above formula (1') when the group represented by the above formula (1-1) is included include the structural unit represented by the following formula (1'-1). [In equation (1'-1), R 1 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , X, and Y are the same as above. ]
- R 8 and R 9 represent alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which are the same or different.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a t-butyl group and the like. Of these, a methyl group is preferable.
- X is a trimethylene group and Y is a tetramethylene group.
- R 8 and R 9 represent alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which are the same or different.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a t-butyl group and the like. Of these, a methyl group is preferable.
- X is a dimethylene group and Y is a methylene group.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and more preferably a methyl group.
- R 3 represents a hydrocarbon group having 2 or more carbon atoms.
- the carbon number is preferably 4 to 26, more preferably 8 to 22, still more preferably 10 to 20, and particularly preferably 14 to 18 from the viewpoint that the hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic portion becomes more appropriate.
- hydrocarbon group having 2 or more carbon atoms examples include an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a group in which two or more of these are bonded.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, and an alkynyl group.
- Examples of the alkyl group include a linear or branched alkyl group such as an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group, an isooctyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group and a stearyl group.
- alkenyl group examples include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a metalyl group, a 1-propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, a 1-butenyl group, a 2-butenyl group, a 3-butenyl group, a 1-pentenyl group and a 2-pentenyl group.
- alkynyl group examples include a linear or branched alkynyl group such as an ethynyl group and a propynyl group.
- Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a C 3-12 cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group and a cyclododecyl group; and a C 3-12 cycloalkenyl group such as a cyclohexenyl group.
- Examples include C 4-15 crosslinked cyclic hydrocarbon groups such as a bicycloheptanyl group and a bicycloheptenyl group.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group examples include a C 6-14 aryl group such as a phenyl group and a naphthyl group (particularly, a C 6-10 aryl group).
- hydrocarbon group having 2 or more carbon atoms an aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferable, a linear or branched alkyl group is more preferable, and a linear alkyl group is more preferable.
- Z 2 represents O or NH. That is, Z 2 which is a divalent bonding group is an -O- (ether bond) or an amino bond (-NH-), and is combined with an adjacent carbonyl carbon in the structural unit represented by the above formula (1). To form an ester bond or an amide bond.
- Examples of the monomer forming the structural unit represented by the above formula (2) include stearyl (meth) acrylate and the like.
- the structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and the structural unit represented by the above formula (2) may have only one type or two or more types, respectively.
- the molar ratio of the structural unit having the hydrophobic functional group in the side chain to the structural unit having the side chain containing the betaine group (preferably, the structural unit represented by the above formula (1) is represented by the above formula (2).
- the molar ratio) [former / latter] is preferably 1/100 to 100/1 (that is, 0.01 to 100.0), more preferably 0.01 to 90, and even more preferably 0.01 to 90. It is 0.02 to 80, more preferably 0.1 to 20, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 5.
- the molar ratio [former / latter] of the hydrophilic part to the hydrophobic part of the above copolymer is preferably 0.01 to 2.0, more preferably 0.01 to 1.5, and further preferably 0.01 to 1. It is 3.
- the negative integrated value is the attractive force value for water
- the positive integrated value is the positive integrated value.
- the term indicated as the attractive force value when the repulsive force value with respect to water is used is defined as a hydrophilic portion, and the term indicated as the repulsive force value is defined as a hydrophobic portion.
- the polymerization form of the structural unit having a side chain containing the betaine group and the structural unit having the hydrophobic functional group in the side chain (particularly, the structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and the above-mentioned formula).
- the copolymerization form of the structural unit represented by (2) is not particularly limited, and may be any of block copolymerization, alternate copolymerization, and random copolymerization.
- the copolymer is a copolymer of a monomer forming a structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and a monomer forming a structural unit represented by the above formula (2)
- the polymer may be a block copolymer, an alternating copolymer, or a random copolymer.
- the above-mentioned copolymer is preferably a random copolymer.
- the copolymer may have a structural unit derived from another monomer other than the structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and the structural unit represented by the above formula (2).
- the total number of moles of the structural unit represented by the above formula (1) and the structural unit represented by the above formula (2) is derived from all the monomers constituting the above-mentioned copolymer. It is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 90 mol%, still more preferably 99 mol% or more, based on the total number of moles of the constituent units.
- the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20,000 to 2,000,000, more preferably 30,000 to 1,500,000, still more preferably 50,000 to 1,000,000, and particularly preferably 70,000 to 500,000. be.
- the weight average molecular weight is a value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and calculated in terms of polystyrene.
- the moisture permeable membrane is formed from the copolymer.
- the moisture permeable membrane may contain other components other than the copolymer as long as the effect of the laminate of the present disclosure is not impaired.
- the moisture permeable membrane preferably contains a preservative as the other component.
- the preservative preferably has a diameter smaller than the thickness of the moisture permeable membrane from the viewpoint of being difficult to fall off from the moisture permeable membrane.
- the diameter of the preservative refers to the maximum particle size of the preservative.
- the thickness of the moisture permeable membrane is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 1000 nm, more preferably 100 to 500 nm. When the thickness is 50 nm or more, the film-forming property is improved, which leads to the improvement of the gas barrier property. When the thickness is 1000 nm or less, the moisture permeability becomes better. In addition, the moisture permeable membrane can easily form a thin film at 1000 nm or less, and is excellent in economy.
- the moisture permeable membrane has a structure in which the hydrophilic part and the hydrophobic part are phase-separated on the surface.
- the maximum diameter of the hydrophilic portion on the surface of the moisture permeable membrane is preferably 50 nm or less, more preferably 20 nm or less.
- the maximum diameter of the hydrophilic portion is 50 nm or less, a substance having a size exceeding 50 nm is difficult to permeate the moisture permeable membrane, and the moisture permeable membrane is used as a barrier film that does not allow a substance (for example, a virus) having a size of 50 nm or more to permeate. Can be used.
- the diameter of the hydrophilic portion is evaluated by the following method.
- SPM scanning probe microscope
- the diameter of the hydrophilic portion can be calculated as the equivalent diameter of the circle.
- the maximum diameter is the diameter having the largest diameter among the diameters (corresponding to circles) of the hydrophilic portion calculated as described above.
- the porous base material is an element that serves as a support for the moisture permeable membrane, and is preferably one having excellent moisture permeability.
- the material for forming the porous base material may be either a hydrophilic material or a hydrophobic material, but a hydrophobic material is preferable.
- a hydrophobic material is used, when the aqueous composition for forming a moisture permeable film is applied, the aqueous composition does not soak into the porous substrate, so that the aqueous composition is a coating film forming surface on the porous substrate. There is no need for a lead substrate to prevent it from flowing down from the opposite surface.
- the material for forming the porous substrate examples include polyolefin resins, cellulose resins, polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyamideimide resins, fluororesins, metals, glass, ceramics and other inorganic substances, and paper. Can be mentioned. Among them, the polyolefin-based resin is preferable because the moisture-permeable film can be formed on the porous substrate at a relatively low temperature, and from the viewpoint of excellent moisture permeability and water resistance.
- the material may be in the form of fibers such as metal fibers and inorganic fibers.
- the material forming the porous base material may be only one kind or two or more kinds.
- porous substrate examples include a resin porous membrane, an inorganic porous membrane, a metal porous membrane, and a fibrous substrate.
- the polyolefin-based resin is a polymer (including an olefin-based elastomer) composed of an olefin as an essential monomer component, that is, a weight containing at least a structural unit derived from the olefin in the molecule (in one molecule). It is a coalescence.
- the olefin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene.
- polystyrene resin examples include a polymer composed of ethylene as an essential monomer component (polyethylene resin), a polymer composed of propylene as an essential monomer component (polypropylene resin), and an ionomer. , Acrystalline cyclic olefin polymer and the like. Of these, polypropylene-based resins are preferable.
- the porosity of the porous substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 to 90% by volume, more preferably 40 to 70% by volume. When the porosity is 30% by volume or more, the moisture permeability becomes better. When the porosity is 90% by volume or less, the supporting performance of the moisture permeable membrane becomes better.
- the thickness of the porous substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of being able to sufficiently support the moisture permeable membrane.
- the thickness of the porous substrate is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, in consideration of excellent moisture permeability and economic efficiency.
- the surface of the porous substrate on the side provided with the moisture permeable film may be hydrophilized from the viewpoint of easily forming the moisture permeable film.
- a hydrophobic material is used as the material for forming the porous base material
- the hydrophilic treatment is performed.
- the hydrophilic treatment include corona discharge treatment and plasma treatment.
- porous base material formed from the hydrophobic base material when stored as a wound body, one surface of the porous base material and the other surface of the wound body come into contact with each other in the wound body. Since one hydrophilic surface and the other hydrophobic surface come into contact with each other, blocking can be prevented.
- the surface tension of the surface of the porous substrate on the side where the moisture permeable film is formed is preferably 35 to 55 dyn / cm, more preferably 37 to 50 dyn / cm.
- the surface tension is 35 dyn / cm or more, it becomes easy to apply the aqueous composition for forming the moisture permeable film, and the formation of the moisture permeable film becomes easy.
- the surface tension is 55 dyn / cm or less, the aqueous composition for forming the moisture permeable film does not spread too much, and the moisture permeable film can be easily formed on the surface of the porous substrate.
- the surface of the porous base material is hydrophilized, the surface on the side where the moisture permeable film is formed is the surface that has been hydrophilized.
- the surface tension inside the porous substrate (that is, inside the region where the moisture permeable film is not formed) is preferably less than 35 dyn / cm, more preferably 33 dyn / cm or less.
- the surface tension is less than 35 dyn / cm, the aqueous composition for forming the moisture permeable film is suppressed from penetrating into the inside of the porous substrate, and the surface of the porous substrate can be easily described.
- a moisture permeable membrane can be formed.
- the inside of the porous base material is a region that has not been hydrophilized. Further, the internal surface tension can be obtained by measuring the cross section obtained by cutting the porous substrate.
- the laminate has a moisture permeability of 1600 g / (m 2) under the conditions of a temperature of 20 ° C., a relative humidity of 65%, and a wind speed of 0.2 m / s or less based on the JIS Z0208-1976 moisture permeability test method (cup method). preferably 24h) or more, more preferably 1700g / (m 2 ⁇ 24h) or more, still more preferably 1800g / (m 2 ⁇ 24h) or more.
- the laminate is excellent in moisture permeability, it is possible to adopt a configuration the moisture permeability is 1600g / (m 2 ⁇ 24h) or more.
- the laminate has a moisture permeability of 300 g / (m 2 ⁇ ) under the conditions of a temperature of 5 ° C., a relative humidity of 45%, and a wind speed of 0.2 m / s or less based on the JIS Z0208-1976 moisture permeability test method (cup method). preferably 24h) or more, more preferably 400g / (m 2 ⁇ 24h) or more, still more preferably 500g / (m 2 ⁇ 24h) or more.
- the laminate is excellent in moisture permeability in a low temperature low humidity environment, it is possible to adopt a configuration the moisture permeability is 300g / (m 2 ⁇ 24h) or more.
- the laminated body preferably has an air permeation resistance based on the JIS P8117-2009 Garley method of 3000 seconds / 100 cc or more, more preferably 4000 seconds / 100 cc or more, and further preferably 5000 seconds / 100 cc or more. .. Since the laminated body has low air permeability, it is possible to configure the laminate to have an air permeability resistance of 3000 seconds / 100 cc or more.
- the rate of decrease in air permeation resistance of the laminate according to the following water resistance test is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 20% or less, still more preferably 15% or less. When the reduction rate of the air permeation resistance is 50% or less, the water resistance is more excellent. Further, when the rate of decrease in the air permeation resistance is within the above range and the molar ratio of the hydrophobic portion in the copolymer is high, the water resistance is further excellent.
- ⁇ Water resistance test> A test piece having a diameter of 7 cm is cut out from the laminated body, and the air permeability resistance is measured (initial air permeability resistance). Then, the test piece is immersed in 1 L of room temperature water for 15 minutes and then naturally dried at room temperature.
- this immersion and drying are set as one cycle, and 50 cycles are repeated to obtain a test piece after the water resistance test. Then, the air permeation resistance of the obtained test piece after the water resistance test is measured (air permeation resistance after the water resistance test). Then, the rate of decrease in air permeation resistance is calculated from the following formula.
- the laminated body preferably has an air permeation resistance of 3000 seconds / 100 cc or more after the water resistance test based on the JIS P8117-2009 Garley method, more preferably 4000 seconds / 100 cc or more, still more preferably. It is 5000 seconds / 100 cc or more. Since the laminate is excellent in water resistance and moisture permeability, it is possible to configure the laminate so that the air permeability resistance after the water resistance test is 3000 seconds / 100 cc or more.
- the laminate can be produced by forming the moisture permeable film on at least one surface of the porous substrate by a known or conventional method.
- the moisture permeable membrane may be formed directly on one surface of the porous substrate, or once the moisture permeable membrane is formed on another support, the surface of one surface of the porous substrate may be formed.
- the moisture permeable film may be formed on the porous substrate by transferring (bonding) to. Above all, the former method is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent adhesion between the moisture permeable membrane and the porous substrate.
- the surface of the porous substrate on the side where the moisture permeable film is provided may be subjected to a hydrophilic treatment.
- a hydrophilic treatment examples include those described above.
- a composition for forming the moisture permeable film is applied (coated) on the porous substrate or the other support, and the obtained coating film is desolvated by heating or the like. It can be formed by doing.
- the above composition can be prepared by a known or conventional method. For example, it can be produced by dissolving or dispersing the above-mentioned copolymer in a solvent and mixing an additive such as a preservative if necessary.
- a solvent water and / or a water-soluble solvent is preferable.
- water or a water-soluble solvent it is presumed that the copolymer is dispersed in the composition in a core-shell shape having a hydrophobic portion on the inside and a hydrophilic portion on the outside.
- the hydrophilic part and the hydrophobic part are phase-separated to form a moisture-permeable film having a water-conducting path, and the hydrophobic parts are firmly bonded to each other. It is presumed that the water resistance becomes better.
- water-soluble solvent examples include aliphatic water-soluble alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and i-propanol; ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol monoethyl ether. Glycol ether and the like can be mentioned.
- water-soluble solvent only one kind may be used, or two or more kinds may be used.
- the ratio (concentration) of the copolymer in the composition in which the copolymer is dissolved or dispersed is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass, more preferably 1 to 4% by mass, and further. It is preferably 1.5 to 3% by mass.
- concentration is 5% by mass or less, the thickness of the coating layer becomes thick, so that the film thickness of the moisture-permeable film after drying becomes more uniform. As a result, it is possible to form a thinner moisture-permeable film while having excellent gas barrier properties, and as a result, the moisture permeability is further improved. Further, when the above concentration is within the above range, it is easy to form a moisture permeable film having excellent coatability and excellent moisture permeability and gas barrier property.
- a known coating method may be used for coating (coating) the above composition.
- a coater such as a gravure roll coater, a reverse roll coater, a kiss roll coater, a dip roll coater, a bar coater, a knife coater, a spray coater, a comma coater, or a direct coater may be used.
- the heating temperature for desolving the coating film is preferably 35 to 90 ° C, more preferably 40 to 85 ° C, and even more preferably 45 to 80 ° C.
- the heating time may be appropriately adopted, but is, for example, 5 seconds to 20 minutes, preferably 5 seconds to 10 minutes, and more preferably 10 seconds to 5 minutes. Since a moisture-permeable film can be formed at a low temperature of 90 ° C. or lower (particularly 80 ° C. or lower) using the above composition, the film can be easily formed, and a polyolefin-based resin having excellent moisture permeability as a porous base material. Can be used.
- the laminate has low air permeability and excellent moisture permeability. Furthermore, it is also excellent in moisture permeability and water resistance in a low temperature and low humidity environment. Therefore, the above-mentioned laminate is used for products that require such a function, for example, a total heat exchange device, an inner of clothes, a disposable water-repellent / moisture-permeable material, and an application for dehydrating without being exposed to air or bacteria. It can be preferably used as a filter for storing aged meat, etc.).
- the laminate for the total heat exchange device is, for example, a sheet capable of exchanging humidity (latent heat) as well as temperature (sensible heat) between supply air and exhaust gas.
- the laminated body can also be used as a moisture-permeable barrier film when the hydrophilic portion and the hydrophobic portion have a phase-separated structure.
- the moisture-permeable barrier film allows the hydrophilic small-sized substance (for example, water vapor) to pass through the hydrophilic part and does not allow the large-sized substance (for example, virus) to pass through. , Both can be separated.
- the above laminated body is deformed into a corrugated shape as needed, and further laminated to form a total heat exchange device (partition member for total heat exchange element).
- the total heat exchange device may be either a orthogonal flow type or a countercurrent type.
- the total heat exchange device using the above-mentioned laminate has low air permeability, and is excellent in moisture permeability (particularly, moisture permeability in a low temperature and low humidity environment) and water resistance.
- the total heat exchange device can be used as a total heat exchange device for an air conditioner. Since the above air conditioner uses a total heat exchange device having low air permeability, excellent moisture permeability, and also excellent moisture permeability and water resistance in a low temperature and low humidity environment, indoor heat retention and moisture retention are used. It has excellent properties and durability even in a low temperature and low humidity environment.
- the total heat exchange element and the ventilation device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure include the partition member for the total heat exchange element.
- the total heat exchange element (30) is formed with a plurality of first air flow paths (36) and a plurality of second air flow paths (37). It is a orthogonal flow type heat exchanger.
- the total heat exchange element (30) includes a plurality of partition members (40) for total heat exchange elements and a plurality of spacing members (32), and is formed in a square columnar shape as a whole.
- the total heat exchange element (30) a plurality of partition members (40) and interval holding members (32) are alternately laminated. In the total heat exchange element (30), the distance between adjacent partition members (40) is kept substantially constant by the distance holding member (32).
- first air flow path (36) and the second air flow path (37) are alternately formed in the stacking direction of the partition member (40) and the spacing member (32). ..
- the adjacent first air flow path (36) and second air flow path (37) are partitioned by a partition member (40).
- the partition member (40) constituting the total heat exchange element (30) of the present embodiment is formed in a substantially square shape in a plan view.
- the moisture permeable membranes (42) of all the partition members (40) face the first air flow path (36) (see FIG. 3).
- the interval holding member (32) is a corrugated plate-shaped member formed in a substantially square shape in a plan view.
- the interval holding member (32) is formed with a plurality of peaks (32a) and valleys (32b) having linear ridges.
- the ridges of the peaks (32a) and the valleys (32b) are substantially parallel to each other.
- the interval holding member (32) is formed with peaks (32a) and valleys (32b) alternately.
- the space-holding member (32) holds the space between the partition members (40) arranged on both sides thereof.
- the spacing members (32) adjacent to each other across the partition member (40) are arranged in a posture in which the ridgeline directions of the respective waveforms are substantially orthogonal to each other.
- the first air flow path (36) is opened on the pair of facing side surfaces of the total heat exchange element (30), and the second air flow is provided on the remaining pair of facing side surfaces.
- the road (37) opens.
- the total heat exchange element (30) different air flows through the first air flow path (36,121) and the second air flow path (37,151).
- the outdoor air (supply air) supplied to the room flows through the first air flow path (36, 121) and is discharged to the outside (indoor air).
- Exhaust) flows through the second air flow path (37, 151).
- sensible heat and latent heat are generated between the air flowing through the first air flow path (36,121) and the air flowing through the second air flow path (37,151). Will be exchanged.
- the total heat exchange element (30) of the present embodiment the first air flow path (36, 121) and the second air flow path (37, 151) are partitioned by the partition member (40). Therefore, the total heat exchange element (30) of the present embodiment has low air permeability between the first air flow path (36,121) and the second air flow path (37,151), and has a first air flow path.
- the moisture permeability between (36,121) and the second air flow path (37,151) is high (particularly, the moisture permeability in a low temperature and low humidity environment). Further, the total heat exchange element (30) of the present embodiment has high water resistance.
- the ventilator (10) includes a casing (15) that houses the total heat exchange element (30).
- the casing (15) is provided with an outside air suction port (16), an air supply port (17), an inside air suction port (18), and an exhaust port (19).
- an air supply side passage (21) and an exhaust side passage (22) are formed in the internal space of the casing (15).
- the outside air suction port (16) is connected to one end of the air supply side passage (21), and the air supply port (17) is connected to the other end.
- the exhaust side passage (22) has an inside air suction port (18) connected to one end thereof, and an exhaust port (19) connected to the other end.
- the total heat exchange element (30) is arranged so as to cross the air supply side passage (21) and the exhaust side passage (22). Further, in the total heat exchange element (30), the first air flow path (36) communicates with the air supply side passage (21), and the second air flow path (37) communicates with the exhaust side passage (22). Then, it is installed in the casing (15).
- the ventilation device (10) further includes an air supply fan (26) and an exhaust fan (27).
- the air supply fan (26) is arranged on the downstream side (that is, the air supply port (17) side) of the total heat exchange element (30) in the air supply side passage (21).
- the exhaust fan (27) is arranged on the downstream side (that is, the exhaust port (19) side) of the total heat exchange element (30) in the exhaust side passage (22).
- the outdoor air flows toward the room through the air supply side passage (21), and the outdoor air flows toward the outside through the exhaust side passage (22).
- the indoor air flowing through the air supply side passage (21) and the indoor air flowing through the exhaust side passage (22) exchange sensible heat and moisture (latent heat) in the total heat exchange element (30).
- the total heat exchange element (30) of the present embodiment is provided in the ventilation device (10) of the first embodiment and is supplied in the same manner as the total heat exchange element (30) of the first embodiment.
- the total heat exchange element (30) has a polygonal columnar end face.
- the end face of the total heat exchange element (30) of the present embodiment has a horizontally long octagonal shape.
- the total heat exchange element (30) is formed with one main heat exchange unit (111) and two sub heat exchange units (112a, 112b).
- the main heat exchange unit (111) is located in the center of the total heat exchange element (30) in the left-right direction in FIG.
- the main heat exchange portion (111) is a horizontally long rectangular portion.
- the sub heat exchange units (112a, 112b) are located on the side of the main heat exchange unit (111) in the left-right direction of FIG. 6 of the total heat exchange elements (30).
- one sub heat exchange unit (112a, 112b) is arranged on each side of the main heat exchange unit (111) in the left-right direction of FIG.
- each sub-heat exchange portion (112a, 112b) is a trapezoidal portion.
- the total heat exchange element (30) includes a plurality of first elements (120) and a plurality of second elements (150).
- the first element (120) and the second element (150) are alternately overlapped.
- the first element (120) forms the first air flow path (121).
- the first air flow path (121) is a flow path through which supply air flows.
- the second element (150) forms the second air flow path (151).
- the second air flow path (151) is a flow path through which the exhaust gas flows.
- the first air flow path (121) and the second air flow path (151) are alternately formed in the stacking direction of the first element (120) and the second element (150). ..
- the first inflow port (122a) and the first outflow port (122b) are on the side surface of the total heat exchange element (30) (the surface along the stacking direction of the first element (120) and the second element (150)).
- a second inflow port (152a) and a second inflow port (152b) are formed.
- the first inflow port (122a) and the first outflow port (122b) are formed in the first element (120) and communicate with the first air flow path (121).
- the second inflow port (152a) and the second outflow port (152b) are formed in the second element (150) and communicate with the second air flow path (151).
- the first inflow port (122a), the first inflow port (122b), the second inflow port (152a), and the second inflow port (152b) are respectively. It is formed on different sides of the total heat exchange element (30). In one of the secondary heat exchange portions (112a) of the total heat exchange element (30), the first inflow port (122a) is opened on one side surface, and the second outflow port (152b) is opened on the other side surface. In the other sub-heat exchange section (112b) of the total heat exchange element (30), the first outlet (122b) opens on one side surface and the second inflow port (152a) opens on the other side surface.
- the first element (120) includes a first frame (125) and a partition member (40)
- the second element (150) includes a second frame (155) and a partition member (40).
- Each of the first frame (125) and the second frame (155) is a flat member made of resin formed by injection molding.
- the first frame (125) and the second frame (155) are spacing members that maintain the spacing between adjacent partitioning members (40).
- Each of the first frame (125) and the second frame (155) is formed into a horizontally long octagonal shape in a plan view (see FIG. 7).
- the outer shape of each frame (125, 155) in a plan view is substantially the same as the shape of the end face of the total heat exchange element (30).
- the partition member (40) covers almost the entire one surface (lower surface in FIG. 8) of the first frame (125). In the first element (120), the partition member (40) is adhered to the first frame (125) with the moisture permeable membrane (42) facing the first frame (125) side. In the first element (120), the moisture permeable membrane (42) of the partition member (40) faces the first air flow path (121) formed by the first element (120).
- the partition member (40) covers almost the entire one surface (lower surface in FIG. 8) of the second frame (155).
- the partition member (40) is adhered to the second frame (155) with the second surface (41b) of the porous base material (41) facing the second frame (155) side. Will be done.
- the moisture permeable membrane (42) of the partition member (40) is formed by the first element (120) adjacent to the second element (150). Facing.
- the outdoor air OA flows into the first inflow port (122a), and the indoor air RA flows into the second inflow port (152a).
- the outdoor air OA that has flowed into the first inflow port (122a) flows through the first air flow path (121) as air supply, and has one auxiliary heat exchange section (112a), a main heat exchange section (111), and the other. It passes through the secondary heat exchange section (112b) in order, and then flows out from the first outlet (122b) and is supplied into the room.
- the air supply flowing through the first air flow path (121) and the exhaust gas flowing through the second air flow path (151) intersect each other. Flow in the direction.
- the air supply flowing through the first air flow path (121) and the exhaust gas flowing through the second air flow path (151) flow in opposite directions to each other.
- the total heat exchange element (30) sensible heat and latent heat (moisture) are exchanged between the supply air flowing through the first air flow path (121) and the exhaust gas flowing through the second air flow path (151). ..
- heat is transferred from the higher temperature side to the lower temperature side of the supply air and the exhaust gas.
- moisture moves from the higher humidity side to the lower humidity side of the supply air and the exhaust gas.
- the air supply flowing through the first air flow path (121) and the exhaust flowing through the second air flow path (151) are mainly in the main heat exchange section (111). Exchange sensible heat and latent heat. Therefore, the total heat exchange element (30) of the present embodiment is a countercurrent type heat exchanger.
- partition member (laminated body) for total heat exchange element and total heat exchange element ⁇ Modification example of partition member (laminated body) for total heat exchange element and total heat exchange element>
- the structures of the partition member (laminate) for the total heat exchange element and the total heat exchange element are not limited to the structures of the second and third embodiments.
- the partition member (laminated body) (40) shown in FIG. 9 includes one porous base material (41) and two moisture permeable membranes (42).
- one moisture permeable film (42) covers the first surface (41a) of the partition member (laminated body) (40), and the other moisture permeable film (42) partitions. It covers the second surface (41b) of the member (laminated body) (40).
- the partition member (laminated body) (40) shown in FIG. 10 a part of the moisture permeable membrane (42) has penetrated into the porous base material (41).
- the aqueous composition for forming the moisture permeable film (42) is infiltrated into the inside of the porous base material (41).
- a part of the moisture permeable membrane (42) covers the first surface (41a) of the porous base material (41), and the remaining part is the porous base material. It goes inside (41).
- the entire moisture permeable membrane (42) has penetrated into the porous base material (41).
- the partition member (laminate) (40) is manufactured, the aqueous composition for forming the moisture permeable membrane (42) is injected into the porous base material (41).
- a moisture permeable film (42) is formed at the central portion of the porous base material (41) in the thickness direction.
- the partition member (laminated body) (40) shown in FIG. 12 includes two porous base materials (41) and one moisture permeable membrane (42).
- one porous base material (41) is provided on each side of the moisture permeable membrane (42) in the thickness direction.
- One surface of the moisture permeable membrane (42) of the partition member (laminated body) (40) is in contact with the first surface (41a) of one porous base material (41), and the other surface is the other. It is in contact with the second surface (41b) of the porous substrate (41).
- Total heat exchange element As shown in FIG. 13, in the total heat exchange element (30), the moisture permeable film (42) of all the partition members (laminates) (40) faces the second air flow path (37, 151). May be good. Note that FIG. 13 shows a modified example of the total heat exchange element (30) of the first embodiment applied.
- the second surface (41b) of the porous base material (41) of the partition member (40) faces the first air flow path (36, 121) through which the air supply flows. Then, the moisture permeable film (42) of the partition member (40) faces the second air flow path (37, 151) through which the exhaust gas flows.
- the partition member (40) facing (37, 151) may be mixed.
- the partition member (40) in which the moisture permeable membrane (42) faces the first air flow path (36, 121) and the moisture permeable membrane (42) are the first.
- the partition members (40) facing the two air flow paths (37, 151) are alternately arranged in the stacking direction of the partition member (40) and the spacing member (32125, 155).
- FIG. 14 shows a modified example of the total heat exchange element (30) of the second embodiment applied.
- Example 1 A random copolymer of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine and stearyl methacrylate (constituent unit ratio [former / latter]: 1/1, concentration: 4% by mass, weight average molecular weight: 100,000) and an antiseptic are mixed. A composition was obtained by diluting with distilled water to have a copolymer concentration of 2% by mass (the copolymer is a main component in the solid content). On the other hand, one surface of a porous base material made of a polyolefin resin (thickness: 20 ⁇ m, surface tension: 32 dyn) was subjected to corona treatment to form a hydrophilic surface having a surface tension of 46 dyn.
- Example 1 the laminate of Example 1 was produced.
- Example 2 A laminate of Example 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyolefin-based resin porous base material (thickness: 12 ⁇ m, surface tension: 32 dyn) was used as the porous base material.
- Example 3 A laminate of Example 3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyolefin-based resin porous base material (thickness: 25 ⁇ m, surface tension: 32 dyn) was used as the porous base material.
- Example 4 A laminate of Example 4 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a polyolefin-based resin porous base material (thickness: 5 ⁇ m, surface tension: 32 dyn) was used as the porous base material.
- Example 5 A random copolymer of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine and stearyl methacrylate (composition of constituent units [former / latter]: 1/1, concentration: 4% by mass, weight average molecular weight: 100,000) and an antiseptic are mixed. A composition was obtained by diluting with distilled water to have a copolymer concentration of 1.5% by mass (the copolymer is a main component in the solid content). Then, a laminate of Example 5 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a moisture permeable film was formed using the composition.
- Example 6 Random copolymer of 3- [2- (methacryloyloxy) ethyl] dimethylammonium propionate and lauryl acrylate (composition of constituent units [former / latter]: 40/60, concentration: 10% by mass, weight average molecular weight: 80000) and an antiseptic were mixed and diluted with distilled water to obtain a composition having a copolymer concentration of 4% by mass (the copolymer is a main component in the solid content). Then, a laminate of Example 6 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a moisture permeable film was formed using the composition.
- Example 7 Random copolymer of 3-[(2-methacryloylamino) propyl] dimethyl-3-sulfobutylammonium hydroxide salt and N-dodecylmethacrylamide (ratio of constituent units [former / latter]: 30/70, concentration: 50 A composition obtained by mixing mass%, weight average molecular weight: 80,000) and a preservative and diluting with distilled water to give a copolymer concentration of 2% by mass (copolymer is a main component in the solid content). Then, a laminate of Example 7 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a moisture permeable film was formed using the composition.
- Comparative Example 1 A partition member for a total heat exchange element included in a commercially available total heat exchanger was taken out and used as a laminate of Comparative Example 1.
- the laminate is made of paper (thickness: 40 ⁇ m) as a porous base material, and the porous base material is impregnated with an inorganic salt having deliquescent property as a moisture permeability improving component.
- Comparative Example 2 A polyurethane resin solution (trade name "Samplen H-600", manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., concentration: 8% by mass) is applied onto paper using an applicator and heated at 120 ° C. for 3 minutes to allow moisture to permeate. A film was formed. In this way, the laminate of Comparative Example 2 was produced.
- a polyurethane resin solution (trade name "Samplen H-600", manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., concentration: 8% by mass) is applied onto paper using an applicator and heated at 120 ° C. for 3 minutes to allow moisture to permeate. A film was formed. In this way, the laminate of Comparative Example 2 was produced.
- Air permeation resistance The air permeation resistance of the laminates obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples was measured based on the Garley method of JIS P8117-2009. Specifically, a 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm test piece was cut out from the laminates obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples, used in a Garley apparatus, and the number of seconds in which 100 cc of air flowed was measured with a stopwatch.
- the laminate of the example was evaluated to have high air permeability resistance, that is, low air permeability and excellent moisture permeability.
- the moisture permeability at a temperature 5 ° C. 45% relative humidity environment 500g / (m 2 ⁇ 24h) or more (Examples 1-3) were evaluated as excellent moisture permeability in a low temperature low humidity environment.
- the laminate of Comparative Example 1 was evaluated to be inferior in moisture permeability.
- the laminate of Comparative Example 2 was evaluated to have high air permeability and inferior moisture permeability.
- Comparative Example 3 using only the porous base material was excellent in moisture permeability, but was highly air permeable.
- a porous substrate and a moisture-permeable membrane provided on at least one surface of the porous substrate are provided, and the moisture-permeable membrane has a side chain containing a hydrophilic group as a functional group.
- a laminate formed from a thermoplastic copolymer [Appendix 2] The laminate according to Appendix 1, wherein the hydrophilic group is a betaine group.
- Appendix 3 The laminate according to Appendix 1 or 2, wherein a part of the moisture permeable membrane has penetrated into the porous substrate.
- Appendix 4 The laminate according to Appendix 1 or 2, wherein all of the moisture permeable membrane has penetrated into the porous substrate.
- [Appendix 5] The laminate according to Appendix 1 to 4, wherein the porous substrate is provided one by one on both sides of the moisture permeable membrane in the thickness direction.
- [Appendix 6] The laminate according to Appendix 1 to 5, wherein the copolymer contains a structural unit represented by the formula (1) as a structural unit having a side chain containing the betaine group.
- [Appendix 7] The laminate according to Appendix 1 to 6, wherein the copolymer further has a hydrophobic functional group in the side chain.
- [Appendix 8] The laminate according to Appendix 7, wherein the copolymer contains a structural unit represented by the formula (2) as a structural unit having the hydrophobic functional group in the side chain.
- X is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (preferably a linear alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), Appendix 8 to 11.
- Y is any one of Appendix 8 to 12, which is an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (preferably a linear alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms).
- Appendix 14 The laminate according to any one of Appendix 8 to 13, wherein the cation in the formula (1) is an ammonium ion.
- [Appendix 15] The laminate according to any one of Annex 8 to 14, wherein the anion in the formula (1) is a phosphate ion, a sulfate ion, or a carbonate ion.
- the formula (1) is a group represented by the formula (1-1), a group represented by the formula (1-2), or a group represented by the formula (1-3).
- the molar ratio [former / latter] of the hydrophilic part to the hydrophobic part of the copolymer is 0.01 to 2.0 (preferably 0.01 to 1.5, more preferably 0.01 to 1. 3) The laminate according to any one of Appendix 8 to 26.
- the molar ratio [former / latter] of the structural unit represented by the formula (1) to the structural unit represented by the formula (2) is 0.01 to 90 (preferably 0.02 to 80). , More preferably 0.1 to 20, still more preferably 0.5 to 5), according to any one of Supplementary notes 8 to 27.
- the total number of moles of the structural unit represented by the formula (1) and the structural unit represented by the formula (2) is the structural unit derived from all the monomers constituting the copolymer.
- the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer is 20,000 to 2 million (preferably 30,000 to 1.5 million, more preferably 50,000 to 1,000,000, still more preferably 70,000 to 500,000), Appendix 8.
- the copolymer has a random common weight of a monomer forming a structural unit represented by the formula (1) and a monomer forming a structural unit represented by the formula (2).
- the surface of the moisture-permeable membrane has a structure in which a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion are phase-separated, and the maximum diameter of the hydrophilic portion on the surface of the moisture-permeable membrane is 50 nm or less, any one of Supplements 1 to 31.
- Supplementary Note 33 The laminate according to any one of Supplementary note 1 to 32, wherein the moisture permeable membrane contains a preservative having a diameter smaller than the thickness of the moisture permeable membrane.
- [Supplementary Note 34] The laminate according to any one of Supplementary notes 1 to 33, wherein the material forming the porous substrate is a hydrophobic material (preferably a polyolefin-based resin, more preferably a polypropylene-based resin).
- the porosity of the porous substrate is 30 to 90% by volume (preferably 40 to 70% by volume).
- the porous base material is subjected to a hydrophilic treatment on the surface on the side provided with the moisture permeable film.
- Supplementary Note 37 Any one of Supplementary notes 1 to 36, wherein the surface tension of the surface of the porous substrate on the side where the moisture permeable film is formed is 35 to 55 dyn / cm (preferably 37 to 50 dyn / cm). The laminate described in.
- Supplementary Note 38 Any one of Supplementary notes 1 to 37, wherein the internal surface tension of the porous substrate, which is a region where the moisture permeable film is not formed, is less than 35 dyn / cm (preferably 33 dyn / cm or less). The laminate described in 1.
- the moisture permeability test method of [Appendix 39] JIS Z0208-1976, temperature 20 ° C., 65% relative humidity, the moisture permeability the following conditions wind speed 0.2 m / sec 1600g / (m 2 ⁇ 24h) or more (preferably 1700g / (m 2 ⁇ 24h) or higher, more preferably 1800g / (m 2 ⁇ 24h) or higher) at which the laminate according to any one of appendices 1-38.
- the moisture permeability test method of [Appendix 40] JIS Z0208-1976, temperature 5 ° C., 45% relative humidity the moisture permeability the following conditions wind speed 0.2 m / s is 300g / (m 2 ⁇ 24h) or more (preferably 400g / (m 2 ⁇ 24h) or more, more preferably from 500g / (m 2 ⁇ 24h) or higher), the laminate according to any one of appendices 1-39.
- Appendix 41 Any of Appendix 1 to 40, wherein the air permeation resistance based on the Garley method of JIS P8117-2009 is 3000 seconds / 100 cc or more (preferably 4000 seconds / 100 cc or more, more preferably 5000 seconds / 100 cc or more).
- the laminate according to one.
- Appendix 42 Described in any one of Appendix 1 to 41, wherein the reduction rate of the air permeation resistance by the following water resistance test is 50% or less (preferably 20% or less, more preferably 15% or less).
- Laminated body. ⁇ Water resistance test> A test piece having a diameter of 7 cm is cut out from the laminated body, and the air permeability resistance is measured (initial air permeability resistance).
- the test piece is immersed in water at room temperature for 15 minutes and then naturally dried at room temperature. With respect to the above test piece, this immersion and drying are set as one cycle, and 50 cycles are repeated to obtain a test piece after the water resistance test. Then, the air permeation resistance of the obtained test piece after the water resistance test is measured (air permeation resistance after the water resistance test). Then, the rate of decrease in air permeation resistance is calculated from the following formula.
- the initial air permeability resistance and the air permeability resistance after the water resistance test are both air permeability resistances based on the Garley method of JIS P8117-2009.
- the air permeation resistance after the following water resistance test is 3000 seconds / 100 cc or more (preferably 4000 seconds / 100 cc or more, more preferably 5000 seconds / 100 cc or more).
- a partition member for a total heat exchange element which comprises the laminate according to any one of Supplementary notes 1 to 43.
- Appendix 45 Use of the partition member made of the laminate according to any one of Appendix 1 to 43 as a partition member for a total heat exchange element.
- [Supplementary Note 46] A method for manufacturing a partition member for a total heat exchange element, wherein the laminated body according to any one of Supplementary notes 1 to 43 is deformed into a corrugated shape and further laminated.
- a plurality of partition members for total heat exchange elements according to Appendix 44 are provided, and the partition members are provided.
- a space holding member is provided which is arranged between the laminated partition members for the total heat exchange element and holds a distance between adjacent partition members for the total heat exchange element.
- a total heat exchange element in which a first air flow path and a second air flow path are alternately formed with the partition member for the total heat exchange element interposed therebetween.
- the total heat exchange element according to Appendix 47 is provided.
- a ventilation device in which the supply air supplied from the outside to the room flows through the first air flow path of the total heat exchange element, and the exhaust gas discharged from the room to the outside flows through the second air flow path of the total heat exchange element. ..
- the laminate of the present disclosure has low air permeability and excellent moisture permeability, and also has excellent moisture permeability in a low temperature and low humidity environment, so that it can be particularly preferably used as a partition member for a total heat exchange element. Therefore, the present disclosure has industrial applicability.
- Ventilator 32 Spacing member 36 First air flow path 37 Second air flow path 40 Laminated body 41 Porous base material 41a One surface of porous base material 42 Moisture permeable membrane 121 First air flow path 125 First frame (Interval holding member) 151 Second air flow path 155 Second frame (interval holding member)
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Abstract
Description
[式(1)中、R1は、水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基を示す。Xは、炭素数1~4の二価の炭化水素基を示す。Yは、炭素数1~4の二価の直鎖状炭化水素基を示す。Z1は、O又はNHを示す。α及びβは、カチオン及びアニオンの組み合わせを示す。]
積層された上記全熱交換素子用仕切部材の間に配置されて隣り合う上記全熱交換素子用仕切部材の間隔を保持する間隔保持部材を備え、
第1空気流路と第2空気流路とが上記全熱交換素子用仕切部材を挟んで交互に形成される全熱交換素子を提供する。
室外から室内へ供給される給気が上記全熱交換素子の上記第1空気流路を流れ、室内から室外へ排出される排気が上記全熱交換素子の上記第2空気流路を流れる換気装置を提供する。
本開示の一実施形態に係る積層体は、多孔質基材と、上記多孔質基材の少なくとも一方の面に設けられた透湿膜と、を少なくとも備える。上記透湿膜は、上記多孔質基材の片面に設けられていてもよいし、両面に設けられていてもよい。また、上記積層体は、上記透湿膜が2つの上記多孔質基材に挟まれた構造であってもよい。すなわち上記多孔質基材は上記透湿膜の両面に設けられていてもよい。この場合の2つの上記多孔質基材は、同一の多孔質基材であってもよいし、材質や厚さなどが異なる多孔質基材であってもよい。
<耐水性試験>
積層体からφ7cmの試験片を切り出し、透気抵抗度を測定する(初期の透気抵抗度)。その後、試験片を、1Lの常温水に15分間浸漬させたのち、常温で自然乾燥させる。上記試験片について、この浸漬、乾燥を1サイクルとして50サイクル繰り返し、耐水性試験後の試験片を得る。そして、得られた耐水性試験後の試験片について透気抵抗度を測定する(耐水性試験後の透気抵抗度)。そして、下記式より透気抵抗度の低下率を求める。なお、上記初期の透気抵抗度及び上記耐水性試験後の透気抵抗度はいずれもJIS P8117-2009のガーレー法に基づく透気抵抗度である。
透気抵抗度の低下率(%)=[(初期の透気抵抗度)-(耐水性試験後の透気抵抗度)]/(初期の透気抵抗度)×100
本開示の実施形態1に係る全熱交換素子及び換気装置は、上記全熱交換素子用仕切部材を備える。
本開示の実施形態1では、図2及び図3に示すように、全熱交換素子(30)は、第1空気流路(36)と第2空気流路(37)とが複数ずつ形成された直交流型の熱交換器である。全熱交換素子(30)は、全熱交換素子用仕切部材(40)と間隔保持部材(32)とを複数ずつ備え、全体として四角柱状に形成される。
本開示の実施形態1では、図4に示すように、換気装置(10)は、全熱交換素子(30)を収容するケーシング(15)を備える。ケーシング(15)には、外気吸込口(16)と、給気口(17)と、内気吸込口(18)と、排気口(19)とが設けられる。また、ケーシング(15)の内部空間には、給気側通路(21)と、排気側通路(22)とが形成される。給気側通路(21)は、その一端に外気吸込口(16)が接続し、その他端に給気口(17)が接続する。排気側通路(22)は、その一端に内気吸込口(18)が接続し、その他端に排気口(19)が接続する。
本開示の実施形態2では、本実施形態の全熱交換素子(30)は、実施形態1の全熱交換素子(30)と同様に、実施形態1の換気装置(10)に設けられ、給気と排気の間で顕熱と潜熱(水分)とを交換させる。
図5に示すように、全熱交換素子(30)は、端面が多角形の柱状に形成される。本実施形態の全熱交換素子(30)の端面は、横長の八角形状である。図6にも示すように、全熱交換素子(30)には、一つの主熱交換部(111)と、二つの副熱交換部(112a,112b)とが形成される。
図6に示すように、全熱交換素子(30)では、第1流入口(122a)へ室外空気OAが流入し、第2流入口(152a)に室内空気RAが流入する。第1流入口(122a)へ流入した室外空気OAは、給気として第1空気流路(121)を流れ、一方の副熱交換部(112a)と、主熱交換部(111)と、他方の副熱交換部(112b)とを順に通過し、その後に第1流出口(122b)から流出して室内へ供給される。第2流入口(152a)へ流入した室内空気RAは、排気として第2空気流路(151)を流れ、他方の副熱交換部(112b)と、主熱交換部(111)と、一方の副熱交換部(112a)とを順に通過し、その後に第2流出口(152b)から流出して室外へ排出される。
全熱交換素子用仕切部材(積層体)及び全熱交換素子の構造は、実施形態2及び3の構造に限定されない。
例えば、図9に示す仕切部材(積層体)(40)は、一つの多孔質基材(41)と二つの透湿膜(42)とを備える。この仕切部材(積層体)(40)では、一方の透湿膜(42)が仕切部材(積層体)(40)の第1面(41a)を覆い、他方の透湿膜(42)が仕切部材(積層体)(40)の第2面(41b)を覆う。
図13に示すように、全熱交換素子(30)は、全ての仕切部材(積層体)(40)の透湿膜(42)が第2空気流路(37,151)に面していてもよい。なお、図13は、実施形態1の全熱交換素子(30)に本変形例を適用したものを示す。
2-メタクリロイルオキシエチルホスホリルコリンとメタクリル酸ステアリルのランダム共重合体(構成単位の比率[前者/後者]:1/1、濃度:4質量%、重量平均分子量:10万)及び防腐剤を混合し、蒸留水で希釈して共重合体濃度:2質量%(共重合体は固形分中の主成分)とする組成物を得た。一方、ポリオレフィン系樹脂製多孔質基材(厚さ:20μm表面張力:32dyn)の一方の表面のコロナ処理を行い、表面張力46dynの親水性表面を形成した。そして、上記多孔質基材の親水性表面に、アプリケーターを用いて上記組成物を塗工し、50℃で3分間加熱して、透湿膜(厚さ:100~500nm)を形成した。このようにして実施例1の積層体を作製した。
多孔質基材として、ポリオレフィン系樹脂製多孔質基材(厚さ:12μm、表面張力:32dyn)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例2の積層体を作製した。
多孔質基材として、ポリオレフィン系樹脂製多孔質基材(厚さ:25μm、表面張力:32dyn)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例3の積層体を作製した。
多孔質基材として、ポリオレフィン系樹脂製多孔質基材(厚さ:5μm、表面張力:32dyn)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例4の積層体を作製した。
2-メタクリロイルオキシエチルホスホリルコリンとメタクリル酸ステアリルのランダム共重合体(構成単位の比率[前者/後者]:1/1、濃度:4質量%、重量平均分子量:10万)及び防腐剤を混合し、蒸留水で希釈して共重合体濃度:1.5質量%(共重合体は固形分中の主成分)とする組成物を得た。そして、当該組成物を用いて透湿膜を形成したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例5の積層体を作製した。
3-[2-(メタクリロイルオキシ)エチル]ジメチルアンモニウムプロピオン酸塩とアクリル酸ラウリルのランダム共重合体(構成単位の比率[前者/後者]:40/60、濃度:10質量%、重量平均分子量:80000)及び防腐剤を混合し、蒸留水で希釈して共重合体濃度:4質量%(共重合体は固形分中の主成分)とする組成物を得た。そして、当該組成物を用いて透湿膜を形成したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例6の積層体を作製した。
3-[(2-メタクリロイルアミノ)プロピル]ジメチル-3-スルホブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド塩とN-ドデシルメタクリルアミドのランダム共重合体(構成単位の比率[前者/後者]:30/70、濃度:50質量%、重量平均分子量:80000)及び防腐剤を混合し、蒸留水で希釈して共重合体濃度:2質量%(共重合体は固形分中の主成分)とする組成物を得た。そして、当該組成物を用いて透湿膜を形成したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例7の積層体を作製した。
市販の全熱交換器に含まれる全熱交換素子用仕切部材を取り出し、比較例1の積層体として用いた。なお、当該積層体は、紙(厚さ:40μm)を多孔質基材とし、当該多孔質基材に透湿向上成分としての潮解性を有する無機塩が含浸されたものである。
ポリウレタン系樹脂溶液(商品名「サンプレン H-600」、三洋化成工業株式会社製、濃度:8質量%)を、アプリケーターを用いて紙上に塗工し、120℃で3分間加熱して、透湿膜を形成した。このようにして比較例2の積層体を作製した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた各積層体について以下の通り評価した。評価結果は表に記載した。なお、表中の「-」は評価を行わなかったことを示す。また、透湿膜が形成されていないポリオレフィン系樹脂製多孔質基材そのものを比較例3として評価を行った。
実施例及び比較例で得られた積層体について、JIS P8117-2009のガーレー法に基づき、透気抵抗度を測定した。具体的には、実施例及び比較例で得られた積層体から、5cm×5cmの試験片を切り出し、ガーレー装置に供して、100ccの空気が流れる秒数をストップウォッチで計測した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた積層体について、JIS Z0208-1976の透湿度試験方法(カップ法)に基づき、透湿度を測定した。具体的には、実施例及び比較例で得られた積層体を2時間以上測定環境に静置した後に透湿シートとして上記透湿カップを覆い、気密した。そして、実質上無風状態(風速0.2m/s以下)の環境下、1時間経過時における、塩化カルシウムと透湿カップの合計質量の増加分を試験片1m2・24時間あたりの質量に換算し、透湿度として計測した。なお、温度20℃相対湿度65%、及び、温度5℃相対湿度45%の2つの環境下においてそれぞれ計測を行った。
実施例で得られた積層体について、透湿膜表面の画像を走査型プローブ顕微鏡(SPM)(型番「Dimension Icon」、Bruker社製)で凝着力測定モードを用いて吸着力の高い部位(親水部)と吸着力の低い部位(疎水部)を凝着力によって数値化し、画像解析ソフトで処理することで、円相当径として親水部の大きさを算出し、親水部の最大径を算出した。
[付記1]多孔質基材と、前記多孔質基材の少なくとも一方の面に設けられた透湿膜と、を備え、前記透湿膜は、官能基として親水性基を含む側鎖を有する熱可塑性共重合体から形成される、積層体。
[付記2]前記親水性基はベタイン基である、付記1に記載の積層体。
[付記3]前記透湿膜の一部が前記多孔質基材に入り込んでいる、付記1又は2に記載の積層体。
[付記4]前記透湿膜の全部が前記多孔質基材に入り込んでいる、付記1又は2に記載の積層体。
[付記5]前記透湿膜の厚さ方向の両側に前記多孔質基材が一つずつ設けられる、付記1~4に記載の積層体。
[付記6]前記共重合体は、前記ベタイン基を含む側鎖を有する構成単位として前記式(1)で表される構成単位を含む、付記1~5に記載の積層体。
[付記7]前記共重合体はさらに疎水性官能基を側鎖に有する、付記1~6に記載の積層体。
[付記8]前記共重合体は、前記疎水性官能基を側鎖に有する構成単位として前記式(2)で表される構成単位を含む、付記7に記載の積層体。
[付記9]前記共重合体における前記式(1)で表される構成単位の、前記式(2)で表される構成単位に対するモル比が1/100~100/1である、付記8に記載の積層体。
[付記10]前記式(1)中、R1は、水素原子又はメチル基(好ましくはメチル基)である、付記8又は9に記載の積層体。
[付記11]前記式(1)で表される構成単位は、アクリル酸エステル又はメタクリル酸エステルに由来する構成単位である、付記8~10のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記12]前記式(1)中、Xは、炭素数1~4の直鎖又は分岐鎖状アルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数1~4の直鎖状アルキレン基)である、付記8~11のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記13]前記式(1)中、Yは、炭素数1~4のアルキレン基(好ましくは炭素数1~4の直鎖状アルキレン基)である、付記8~12のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記14]前記式(1)中のカチオンはアンモニウムイオンである、付記8~13のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記15]前記式(1)中のアニオンは、リン酸イオン、硫酸イオン、又は炭酸イオンである、付記8~14のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記16]前記式(1)は、前記式(1-1)で表される基、前記式(1-2)で表される基、又は前記式(1-3)で表される基を含む、付記8~15のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記17]前記式(1-1)中、R5、R6、及びR7はメチル基である、付記16に記載の積層体。
[付記18]前記式(1-1)中、Xはジメチレン基であり、Yはジメチレン基である、付記16又は17に記載の積層体。
[付記19]前記式(1-1)で表される構成単位を形成する単量体が2-メタクリロイルオキシエチルホスホリルコリンである、付記16~18のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記21]前記式(1-2)中、Xはトリメチレン基であり、Yはテトラメチレン基である、付記16又は20に記載の積層体。
[付記22]前記式(1-3)中、R8及びR9はメチル基である、付記16に記載の積層体。
[付記23]前記式(1-3)中、Xはジメチレン基であり、Yはメチレン基である、付記16又は22に記載の積層体。
[付記24]前記式(2)中、R2は、水素原子又はメチル基(好ましくはメチル基)である、付記8~23のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記25]前記式(2)中、R3は、炭素数4~26(好ましくは8~22、より好ましくは10~20、さらに好ましくは14~18)の炭化水素基(好ましくは脂肪族炭化水素基、より好ましくは直鎖又は分岐鎖状アルキル基、さらに好ましくは直鎖状アルキル基)である、付記8~24のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記26]前記式(2)で表される構成単位を形成する単量体は(メタ)アクリル酸ステアリルである、付記8~25のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記28]前記式(1)で表される構成単位の前記式(2)で表される構成単位に対するモル比[前者/後者]は、0.01~90(好ましくは0.02~80、より好ましくは0.1~20、さらに好ましくは0.5~5)である、付記8~27のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記29]前記式(1)で表される構成単位及び前記式(2)で表される構成単位の合計モル数は、前記共重合体を構成する全単量体に由来する構成単位の総モル数に対して、50モル%以上(好ましくは90モル%、より好ましくは99モル%以上)である、付記8~28のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記30]前記共重合体の重量平均分子量は2万~200万(好ましくは3万~150万、より好ましくは5万~100万、さらに好ましくは7万~50万)である、付記8~29のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記31]前記共重合体は、前記式(1)で表される構成単位を形成する単量体と前記式(2)で表される構成単位を形成する単量体とのランダム共重合体である、付記8~30のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記32]前記透湿膜表面は親水部と疎水部が相分離した構造を有し、前記透湿膜表面において、親水部の最大径が50nm以下である、付記1~31のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記33]前記透湿膜は、前記透湿膜の厚さよりも小径の防腐剤を含む、付記1~32のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記35]前記多孔質基材の空隙率は30~90体積%(好ましくは40~70体積%)である付記1~34のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記36]前記多孔質基材は、前記透湿膜を備える側の表面に親水化処理が施されている、付記1~35のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記37]前記多孔質基材の前記透湿膜を形成する側の面の表面張力は35~55dyn/cm(好ましくは37~50dyn/cm)である、付記1~36のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記38]前記多孔質基材の前記透湿膜が形成されていない領域である内部の表面張力は35dyn/cm未満(好ましくは33dyn/cm以下)である、付記1~37のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記40]JIS Z0208-1976の透湿度試験方法に基づく、温度5℃、相対湿度45%、風速0.2m/s以下の条件における透湿度は300g/(m2・24h)以上(好ましくは400g/(m2・24h)以上、より好ましくは500g/(m2・24h)以上)である、付記1~39のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記41]JIS P8117-2009のガーレー法に基づく透気抵抗度は3000秒/100cc以上(好ましくは4000秒/100cc以上、より好ましくは5000秒/100cc以上)である、付記1~40のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
[付記42]下記耐水性試験による透気抵抗度の低下率が50%以下である(好ましくは20%以下、より好ましくは15%以下)である、付記1~41のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
<耐水性試験>
積層体からφ7cmの試験片を切り出し、透気抵抗度を測定する(初期の透気抵抗度)。その後、試験片を、常温の水に15分間浸漬させたのち、常温で自然乾燥させる。上記試験片について、この浸漬、乾燥を1サイクルとして50サイクル繰り返し、耐水性試験後の試験片を得る。そして、得られた耐水性試験後の試験片について透気抵抗度を測定する(耐水性試験後の透気抵抗度)。そして、下記式より透気抵抗度の低下率を求める。なお、前記初期の透気抵抗度及び前記耐水性試験後の透気抵抗度はいずれもJIS P8117-2009のガーレー法に基づく透気抵抗度である。
透気抵抗度の低下率(%)=[(初期の透気抵抗度)-(耐水性試験後の透気抵抗度)]/(初期の透気抵抗度)×100
[付記43]JIS P8117-2009のガーレー法に基づく、下記耐水性試験後の透気抵抗度は3000秒/100cc以上(好ましくは4000秒/100cc以上、より好ましくは5000秒/100cc以上)である、付記1~42のいずれか1つに記載の積層体。
<耐水性試験>
積層体からφ7cmの試験片を切り出し、常温の水に15分間浸漬させたのち、常温で自然乾燥させる。前記試験片について、この浸漬、乾燥を1サイクルとして50サイクル繰り返し、耐水性試験後の試験片を得る。そして、得られた耐水性試験後の試験片について透気抵抗度を測定する。
[付記45]付記1~43のいずれか1つに記載の積層体からなる仕切部材の、全熱交換素子用仕切部材としての使用。
[付記46]付記1~43のいずれか1つに記載の積層体をコルゲート状に変形し、さらに積層する、全熱交換素子用仕切部材の製造方法。
[付記47]付記44に記載の全熱交換素子用仕切部材を複数備えると共に、
積層された前記全熱交換素子用仕切部材の間に配置されて隣り合う前記全熱交換素子用仕切部材の間隔を保持する間隔保持部材を備え、
第1空気流路と第2空気流路とが前記全熱交換素子用仕切部材を挟んで交互に形成される全熱交換素子。
[付記48]付記47に記載の全熱交換素子を備え、
室外から室内へ供給される給気が前記全熱交換素子の前記第1空気流路を流れ、室内から室外へ排出される排気が前記全熱交換素子の前記第2空気流路を流れる換気装置。
32 間隔保持部材
36 第1空気流路
37 第2空気流路
40 積層体
41 多孔質基材
41a 多孔質基材の一方の面
42 透湿膜
121 第1空気流路
125 第1フレーム(間隔保持部材)
151 第2空気流路
155 第2フレーム(間隔保持部材)
Claims (15)
- 多孔質基材と、前記多孔質基材の少なくとも一方の面に設けられた透湿膜と、を備え、
前記透湿膜は、官能基として親水性基を含む側鎖を有する熱可塑性共重合体から形成される、積層体。 - 前記親水性基はベタイン基である、請求項1に記載の積層体。
- 前記共重合体はさらに疎水性官能基を側鎖に有する、請求項1又は2に記載の積層体。
- 前記共重合体は、前記ベタイン基を含む側鎖を有する構成単位として下記式(1)で表される構成単位と、前記疎水性官能基を側鎖に有する構成単位として下記式(2)で表される構成単位とを含み、前記式(1)で表される構成単位の、前記式(2)で表される構成単位に対するモル比が1/100~100/1である共重合体から形成される、請求項3に記載の積層体。
- 前記式(1)中のカチオンはアンモニウムイオンである請求項4に記載の積層体。
- 前記式(1)中のアニオンは、リン酸イオン、硫酸イオン、又は炭酸イオンである請求項4又は5に記載の積層体。
- 前記共重合体の重量平均分子量は2万~200万である、請求項4~7のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
- 前記共重合体は、前記式(1)で表される構成単位を形成する単量体と前記式(2)で表される構成単位を形成する単量体とのランダム共重合体である、請求項4~8のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
- 前記多孔質基材は、前記透湿膜を備える側の表面に親水化処理が施されている、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
- JIS Z0208-1976の透湿度試験方法に基づく、温度20℃、相対湿度65%、風速0.2m/秒以下の条件における透湿度が1600g/(m2・24h)以上である、請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
- 前記透湿膜表面は親水部と疎水部が相分離した構造を有し、前記透湿膜表面において、親水部の最大径が50nm以下である、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の積層体からなる全熱交換素子用仕切部材。
- 請求項13に記載の全熱交換素子用仕切部材を複数備えると共に、
積層された前記全熱交換素子用仕切部材の間に配置されて隣り合う前記全熱交換素子用仕切部材の間隔を保持する間隔保持部材を備え、
第1空気流路と第2空気流路とが前記全熱交換素子用仕切部材を挟んで交互に形成される全熱交換素子。 - 請求項14に記載の全熱交換素子を備え、
室外から室内へ供給される給気が前記全熱交換素子の前記第1空気流路を流れ、室内から室外へ排出される排気が前記全熱交換素子の前記第2空気流路を流れる換気装置。
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WO2023243596A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-21 | 株式会社ダイセル | 加湿用積層体、および加湿器 |
WO2023243599A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-21 | 株式会社ダイセル | 加湿用積層体、および加湿器 |
WO2023243600A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-21 | 株式会社ダイセル | 加湿用積層体、および加湿器 |
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- 2021-03-23 WO PCT/JP2021/011912 patent/WO2021200382A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2021-03-23 CA CA3177362A patent/CA3177362A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-23 US US17/915,245 patent/US20230129711A1/en active Pending
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WO2023243599A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-21 | 株式会社ダイセル | 加湿用積層体、および加湿器 |
WO2023243600A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-21 | 株式会社ダイセル | 加湿用積層体、および加湿器 |
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CA3177362A1 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
CN115666924A (zh) | 2023-01-31 |
EP4129642A4 (en) | 2024-05-01 |
EP4129642A1 (en) | 2023-02-08 |
AU2021249589A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
US20230129711A1 (en) | 2023-04-27 |
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