WO2021198403A1 - Procédé de meulage de pièces à usiner dotées d'un profilé hélicoïdal et machine à meuler pour produire lesdites pièces à usiner - Google Patents

Procédé de meulage de pièces à usiner dotées d'un profilé hélicoïdal et machine à meuler pour produire lesdites pièces à usiner Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021198403A1
WO2021198403A1 PCT/EP2021/058565 EP2021058565W WO2021198403A1 WO 2021198403 A1 WO2021198403 A1 WO 2021198403A1 EP 2021058565 W EP2021058565 W EP 2021058565W WO 2021198403 A1 WO2021198403 A1 WO 2021198403A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grinding
workpiece
grinding wheel
profile
worm
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2021/058565
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Erwin Junker
Original Assignee
Erwin Junker Grinding Technology A.S.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Erwin Junker Grinding Technology A.S. filed Critical Erwin Junker Grinding Technology A.S.
Publication of WO2021198403A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021198403A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/009—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding profiled workpieces using a profiled grinding tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/02—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding grooves, e.g. on shafts, in casings, in tubes, homokinetic joint elements
    • B24B19/022—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding grooves, e.g. on shafts, in casings, in tubes, homokinetic joint elements for helicoidal grooves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for grinding a workpiece with a helical profile on its outer circumference and a grinding machine for producing such a workpiece.
  • the helical, profiled workpieces are, for example, worms on worm shafts for gears. They represent relatively complicated components and require a correspondingly high level of equipment and process technology on wall for their production. Such components are used in various transmissions in the automotive sector. They are therefore required in relatively large numbers, so that the manufacturing costs play a central role in addition to the required high precision of these components.
  • screw elements are also referred to as helically grooved workpieces, for which there are various options for grinding their groove geometry.
  • the groove geometry, as well as their grinding, is in many cases especially tailored to the use of such worm elements in worm gears, for which there are considerable differences in terms of their size and accuracy requirements depending on the purpose of the gearbox. In addition to the size, these differences are also reflected in the required accuracies.
  • gearboxes are required in large numbers. Despite the high number of units, in most cases the highest quality requirements are placed on the respective gear units. There is therefore a general endeavor to be able to keep the production costs at least moderate.
  • the helical grinding wheel With helical grinding, the helical grinding wheel is swiveled with its A-axis to an angle and set in rotation.
  • the workpiece speed is linked to the speed of the screw.
  • the allowance on the workpiece is removed by means of a radial infeed (X) and an axial stroke (Z).
  • X radial infeed
  • Z axial stroke
  • This continuous Wälzschlei fen is mainly used in the manufacture of helical gears.
  • an additional rotation must be carried out with the workpiece axis.
  • an electronic coupling is made between the Z and C axes.
  • a so-called tangential shifting of the worm is carried out during the axial stroke in order to bring new grinding wheel material to use.
  • the worm-shaped grinding wheel is swiveled through a swivel angle to the toothing and is moved continuously over the entire toothing width during machining in the axial direction at the feed speed.
  • the continuous axial movement occurring over the entire width of the gearwheel is described as a continuous shift movement, which is preferably carried out during roughing. Since only very marginal amounts of material are removed during finishing, finishing is carried out without this shift movement.
  • This continuous axial offset or axial feed ultimately serves to ensure that the entire width of the grinding wheel, which is designed as a worm, can be used for grinding, i.e. the continuous shifting movement relates to wear and tear, so it does not have anything to do with achieving high dimensional accuracy to do.
  • a profile grinding wheel can also be used for the finish grinding in the profile grinding process, with the pre-grinding also being carried out in the continuous generating grinding process because of the relatively large material decrease in rough grinding.
  • a raw workpiece is ground with the grinding wheel described, which has the end profile to be ground with a corresponding allowance to be ground.
  • a worm-shaped grinding tool is used for the roughing process and a profile grinding wheel is used for the finishing process.
  • the respective grinding wheel is offset in the axial direction in order to grind the entire width of this workpiece according to the slope of the helically grooved workpiece while optimizing the wear of the respective grinding wheel.
  • the helical grinding tool is preferably a grinding tool with a cylindrical outer contour, in which an axial continuous movement of the helical grinding wheel with respect to the longitudinal axis of the workpiece to be ground is performed to use all tooth flank sections during the grinding process.
  • DE 102008035525 B3 also addresses the use of a non-cylindrical worm-shaped grinding wheel, a so-called globoid worm, which in its longitudinal direction relates to a diameter that tapers from the edge to the center and then again continuously increases in diameter to the other edge has formed the entire width of the helical grinding wheel.
  • the object of the present invention compared to the grinding method known in the prior art and the grinding machine described there, is that a helical element is formed on a workpiece by grinding, which has a high accuracy, is suitable for mass production and is produced at moderate production costs can be.
  • the work piece is a worm shaft.
  • the grinding of the profile by means of the helically profiled grinding wheel is ground to the final contour from a cylindrical solid material or from a raw workpiece, which raw workpiece has the basic shape of the profile compared to the final contour, but is provided with an allowance compared to the Endkon structure.
  • the grinding wheel with the helical profile is cylindrical on its outer contour, the outer contour corresponding to the profile to be ground on the workpiece, also having a helical circumferential groove, which is, so to speak, the positive to the negative of the helical profile of the grinding wheel.
  • the grinding wheel with the helical profile grinds the helical circumferential groove of the profile between tween a respective web by plunge-cut grinding on the workpiece.
  • the grinding wheel provided with the helical profiling has a circumferential web, between which the circumferential groove is arranged.
  • the use of plunge-cut grinding has the advantage that the infeed movement of the grinding wheel towards the workpiece is simple. With regard to its speed when grinding the workpiece, the grinding wheel is synchronized with the speed of the workpiece. This means that if the grinding wheel has a single-thread helical profile, it will has the same speed as the workpiece.
  • the speed of the grinding wheel is twice as high as that of the workpiece.
  • the speed of the grinding wheel corresponds to the speed of the workpiece multiplied by the number of turns of the helical shape of the workpiece.
  • the grinding wheel performs at most a slight axial movement relative to the workpiece in order to grind the shape of the respective web delimiting the groove.
  • a slight axial movement means that, depending on the shape of the respective webs of the profile to be ground on the workpiece, no such movement or only a slight axial movement is required. It is therefore a modified plunge-cut grinding, which is easier to carry out from the technological conditions and thus has a positive effect on reduced manufacturing costs of the workpiece.
  • the cutting speed changes, which occurs during grinding, since both rotate from the drive at the same speed. Since the speed is usually ground in a range of 1,000 to 3,000 rpm, the grinding wheel must rotate with a double-flight worm profile at a speed of 2,000 to 6,000 rpm. Assuming an average workpiece diameter of, for example, 20 mm and a grinding wheel diameter of 400 mm, a cutting speed of 45 to 130 m / s results over this speed range. Usual cutting speeds are in the range of 80 to 100 m / s, which is mainly used when grinding with CBN grinding wheels. When grinding with corundum grinding wheels, the cutting speed is on the order of a maximum of approx.
  • worm shafts of small to medium-sized dimensions which are also manufactured in large numbers, are particularly suitable.
  • the usual diameter for workpieces of this type is therefore mostly in the range from 10 to 50 mm.
  • other, in particular larger, dimensions are also possible, but this requires an adaptation of the corresponding dimensions of the grinding machine or the grinding wheels and corresponding technology parameters.
  • the modified plunge-cut grinding according to the invention also involves a slight axial movement for grinding the shape of the web delimiting the groove as shifting. draws.
  • this shifting is not carried out as part of the dressing of the grinding wheel, but rather serves to correct the dimensions or shape of the profile to be generated on the workpiece by means of the grinding wheel during grinding.
  • the grinding wheel having the helical profile is therefore axially offset in relation to the workpiece in the context of the modified plunge-cut grinding to achieve a dimension or shape correction, which is what is known as shifting.
  • abrasion-free abrasive coatings such as ceramic-bonded or electroplated abrasive coatings in the form of CBN, enable the grinding wheel to move accordingly, so that the required shape and the required final dimensions are possible on the workpiece within the strictest tolerances.
  • the manufacturing costs are significantly reduced.
  • the cycle times in production are reduced, and at the same time, despite the large number of pieces, the precision of the workpiece having the helical profile with the final contour is guaranteed.
  • the method according to the invention is also particularly suitable for pre-grinding and finish grinding in a single setting.
  • the described grinding parameters and dimensions of workpiece and tool enable long tool life, which can be in the range of, for example, 40,000 ground grinding worms. As a result, the tool costs for rough and finish grinding can be reduced considerably. Under defined conditions, it is also possible for the method according to the invention to grind more common worms or threads. Overall, a high quality for roundness, concentricity, dimensional accuracy, diameter tolerance, surface quality is achieved by the method according to the invention, the achievable surface quality Rz1 even being achievable after finish grinding.
  • the grinding wheel preferably performs rough grinding and / or finish grinding and is designed without dressing.
  • plunge-cut grinding can be used both for pre-grinding and for finish grinding with the possibly slight axial movement of the grinding wheel relative to the workpiece in the sense of a shift movement.
  • the width of the circumferential groove is preferably corrected to the nominal size.
  • this possibly slight axial movement of the grinding wheel with respect to the workpiece is carried out either for pre-grinding or for finish grinding. In this way, costs and quality in connection with low cycle times and high quantities to be produced can be optimally influenced.
  • Two grinding wheels can also be arranged on a grinding spindle, namely the helically profiled grinding wheel and a second grinding wheel for profile grinding. The two grinding wheels can be swiveled both axially parallel to the workpiece and into the slope of the circumferential groove.
  • shifting is understood to mean executing an at most slight axial movement of the cylindrical grinding wheel with a helical profile, so that the grinding wheel used for the modified plunge-cut grinding also includes a profile grinding wheel in a certain way or a profile grinding wheel is no longer required separately is.
  • This makes it possible to use the helical or thread-like profiling of the grinding wheel in conjunction with the possibly slight axial shifting to achieve a certain axial component for profile correction or dimensional correction, which would otherwise require a separate profile wheel. This also has a positive influence on a reduction in costs through reduced costs for the grinding wheels.
  • the shifting according to the invention has nothing to do with an axial movement of a grinding wheel with a helical profile, which has to be moved over the entire thread length or worm length of the workpiece, and not even if the width of the grinding tool is greater than the length of the thread section on or on the workpiece. Rather, this is necessary for reasons of wear and tear.
  • the grinding wheel already performs all those movements within the scope of its modified plunge-cut movement according to the invention, which ensure high quality in terms of dimensional and shape accuracy of the helical or thread-shaped element or workpiece.
  • the grinding wheel according to the invention performs the shifting movement upwards or downwards with respect to the longitudinal axis of the workpiece during grinding up to the end regions of the profile. More preferably, the shift movement is carried out along the slope of the groove.
  • the grinding wheel is also dressed, even when using a grinding wheel with a CBN grinding layer, namely a dressing after establishing an approach or reaching a defined or the presence of a defined dimensional tolerance deviation.
  • production is carried out within the framework of a predetermined maximum dimensional tolerance deviation.
  • the grinding wheel can also be dressed with a correspondingly corrected dressing program CNC-controlled in order to continue to achieve the highest level of quality in terms of dimensional and shape accuracy.
  • the web which delimits a respective helically formed groove on the workpiece, to be ground in terms of its shape by means of a second grinding wheel arranged separately for the screw-shaped profiling of the grinding wheel.
  • This second grinding wheel is moved along the length of the profile on the workpiece so that the desired final shape of the web or the groove defined by two adjacent webs between them is corrected or the corresponding profile is generated with the greatest possible precision.
  • a grinding machine for grinding a workpiece which is helically grooved or has an area designed in the sense of a threaded section, with a grinding wheel, which has a cylindrical and helical profile on its outer circumference, is provided.
  • the workpiece is ground to a desired final contour from the solid or from a raw form with the appropriate allowance, namely by carrying out the method described above.
  • the grinding slide is arranged on a spindle of a grinding headstock.
  • the grinding wheel is fed to the workpiece by an infeed movement carried out in accordance with a plunge-cut grinding process, as a result of which the profile with the helical groove is formed on the workpiece.
  • Plunge grinding with the helical grinding wheel creates the grooves and ridges of the thread section over the entire width of the thread section of the workpiece, in that the plunge grinding process carried out by the grinding wheel generates little or no axial movement along the profile of the tool to be ground. In relative terms, this is such that with this possibly slight axial movement, the web immersed in a respective groove to be ground executes this movement and thus generates or grinds a modification of the width dimension and / or the shape of the flank of the respective web.
  • the speed of the workpiece and the speed of the grinding wheel are preferably synchronized with one another during grinding, the speed of the grinding wheel being dependent on the speed of the workpiece taking into account the number of turns of the helical shape or the thread of the workpiece.
  • the grinding wheel is preferably designed as a rough grinding wheel and / or as a finish grinding wheel. It can therefore be used both for pre-grinding and for finish-grinding, it also being possible for the grinding wheel, according to the invention, to be designed as a pre-grinding wheel and / or as a finish-grinding wheel.
  • a dressing device for dressing the profiling of the grinding wheel is also preferably provided.
  • the dressing is always carried out when the dimensional and shape accuracy moves in the direction of the maximum tolerance for further quantities to be produced of this workpiece having a thread section. Due to the low axial movement, which is required if the flank shape of the webs still has to be modified after the actual piercing process, hardly any desired cross-sectional shape of the webs delimiting the helical profile of the respective groove can be achieved.
  • the possibly slight axial movement of the grinding wheel can be superimposed on its main movement component during the actual piercing process. This can be programmed into today's CNC controls.
  • FIG. 1 a workpiece designed as a worm shaft
  • Figure 2 a further embodiment of a workpiece also formed as a worm shaft
  • FIG. 3 nine examples of different worm or thread profiles that can be grinded according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows a basic illustration of the grinding according to the invention of a worm shaft in a configuration similar to that according to FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 a grinding arrangement according to the invention for grinding a worm element with a swiveled-in grinding wheel
  • FIG. 6 a basic representation of a slight axial movement representing the shifting of the helical grinding wheel
  • FIGS. 7a, b a basic illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of the grinding according to the invention of a worm element of a worm shaft, divided into a) rough grinding and b) finish grinding with different grinding wheels;
  • Figure 8 a further embodiment for the inventive grinding of a
  • FIG. 9 a further exemplary embodiment for the grinding according to the invention with grinding wheels which are opposite with respect to the workpiece and are simultaneously in engagement;
  • FIG. 10 a basic illustration of the slight axial movement (shifting) of the helically designed grinding wheel in the flank direction of the webs of a worm section delimiting the respective grooves.
  • FIG. 1 a workpiece in the form of a worm shaft 1 produced using the method according to the invention or the grinding machine according to the invention is shown.
  • This worm shaft 1 has a helical section which is designed as a worm 16 and which has a cylindrical outer circumference 2.
  • the screw-shaped or thread-shaped section in the form of the worm 16 has a circumferential groove 8 designed with a predetermined pitch, which is delimited by webs 9 corresponding to the pitch of the helical helix.
  • the worm arranged on the workpiece 1 designed as a worm shaft is to be viewed as a Ge thread profile or a groove profile that is Herge using the method according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention can be used for screws 16 of any pitch.
  • additional work processes for the shoulders and cylindrical sections and possibly existing plan sections are to be grinded. This is usually ge ground in separate clampings, in which the sections mentioned can then be ground in terms of diameter and bearing seats.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a workpiece 1 produced using the method according to the invention and the grinding machine according to the invention, which workpiece 1 is also designed as a worm shaft.
  • the section of a worm 16 formed on this worm shaft 1 has a different shape than in FIG. 1 with regard to the shape of the webs 9 delimiting the circumferential groove 8.
  • the webs 9 are made thinner in cross section.
  • the worm 16 is designed as a two-flight worm and has an outer circumference 2 which is cylindrical.
  • the worm shaft 1 also has a collar 17 in the form of a stop which can be ground in one setting, which is different from the setting in which the worm 16 is ground. With this form of the worm shaft 1 shown in FIG.
  • worm 16 in one setting in the sense of a complete machining of the worm shaft 1.
  • the workpiece 1 shown can be used, for example, for a steering gear and therefore does not have very large dimensions.
  • a worm shaft 1 can have a length between 100 to 150 mm and a diameter of 15 to 25 mm. It goes without saying that any size of such worm shafts 1 can be produced with the method according to the invention. The sequence of the manufacture of such a worm shaft in the sense of a complete machining is explained in detail for the individual steps to be carried out in FIG.
  • the grinding disk grinding the worm area of the worm shaft is designed, so to speak, as a negative shape for the positive shape of the webs forming the worm or the thread.
  • a different web shape can be ground.
  • FIG. 3 shows various examples which can be produced with the method according to the invention or the grinding machine according to the invention with a grinding wheel grinding the respective webs of the worm.
  • Figure 3 beginning from left to right, then arranged in the middle and finally arranged at the bottom, the following different web shapes and thus different thread shapes are shown in the broadest sense, which can be ground according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows how a section of a worm 16 on a worm shaft 1, which is similar to that shown in FIG. 2, is produced in accordance with the invention.
  • the thread-like profile 5 of the worm shaft 1 is ground with a grinding wheel 4, the width of which is greater than the entire length of the worm 16.
  • the illustrated grinding wheel 4, which is correspondingly profiled in the sense of a negative shape, is preferably free of dressing, which reduces the costs for the grinding machine, there is a dressing device in such a Case does not have to be provided.
  • the grinding wheel 4 is arranged on a grinding spindle 13, which by means of an infeed movement 15 in the sense of plunge grinding so to speak conditions as plunge grinding main movement component of the worm on the worm shaft 1 herzu provided worms can be delivered.
  • the worm shaft 1 to be ground is carried by a workpiece spindle 27 in a clamping device (not shown) during the grinding. Furthermore, the worm shaft 1 is supported by means of a steady rest 28 on a cylindri's section next to the worm 16 so that the longitudinal axis 11 of the workpiece can be maintained unchanged during machining.
  • the sections arranged on the screw shaft next to the screw 16, such as the collar 17, for example, cylindrical sections in the area of the steady rest or in front of the transition area on the left side of the screw 16 shown in the drawing to the collar 17 are present , which can be ground in one setting using separate grinding wheels or a separate grinding wheel for complete machining.
  • these additional sections of the worm shaft can be produced in a further clamping, so to speak, decoupled from the grinding of the worm 16 by means of the grinding wheel 4.
  • the grinding wheel 4 with its helical profile 3 is fed to the worm shaft, which has a cylindrical section 2 in the area of the worm 16 to be produced later, the diameter of which corresponds to the maximum diameter of the worm 16, ie the worm 16 on the worm shaft 1 is removed from the
  • the shape of the worm 16 is mapped from the negative shape on the grinding wheel 4 into the positive shape on the worm shaft by means of plunge-cut grinding.
  • Electroplated CBN grinding wheels are usually used as non-dressing grinding wheels.
  • the grinding wheel 4 is fed in a plane of the worm shaft 1 in the sense of a feed 15 (see FIG. 7a) which intersects the longitudinal axis 11 of the workpiece 1.
  • the complete worm profile or complete thread profile in this helically grooved area of the workpiece 1 is ground in the so-called normal section to the longitudinal axis 11 of the worm shaft, which is why the grinding wheel does not have to be swiveled in in this embodiment. If the longitudinal axis of the grinding wheel 4 is not swiveled in, the workpiece 1 and the grinding wheel 4 are parallel to one another.
  • the axes of rotation of the workpiece 1 and the grinding wheel 4 are electrically or electronically coupled because, as already stated, the negative groove profile or thread profile is profiled with the desired groove pitch or thread pitch in the grinding wheel or in the grinding wheel coating. It is of great importance for the precision of the Screws in particular to maintain the speed ratios of these two rotational movements with high precision. This means that the speed of the tool 4 and the speed of the workpiece 1 must be electrically or electronically synchronized, otherwise the shape of the profile 5 would run away in terms of its geometry and the target dimensions of the screw profile could not be maintained. Synchronization should be understood here to mean that the speeds of the workpiece 1 and the grinding wheel 4 must be identical.
  • the cutting speed to be achieved with the grinding wheel 4 results from the diameter ratio between the workpiece 1 and the grinding wheel 4.
  • the grinding process used is therefore comparable to plunge-cut grinding.
  • the use of electroplated grinding wheels 4 offers the advantage that the worm profile 5 can be pre-ground and finish-ground on the workpiece with a single grinding wheel 4.
  • the advantage of feeding the grinding wheel 4 using the plunge-cut grinding method results from the fact that an axial displacement of the grinding wheel is not required to achieve the worm 16. According to the invention it can now be provided that a slight axial displacement is definitely also desired so as to directly adjust the profile 5 with regard to the width of the webs 9 or the width of the grooves 8, based on the flanks of the webs 9 facing the groove can be influenced in the desired manner.
  • the worm 16 or the worm-shaped or helical profile 5 can be pre-ground and finish-ground with one and the same grinding wheel 4.
  • the small axial, called shifting, displacement of the grinding wheel 4 in relation to the longitudinal extension of the worm section on the worm shaft 1 can also be used in a targeted manner so that the profile 5 can be influenced by its width or flank shape of the webs 9 facing the respective groove 8.
  • the grinding process can also be carried out on one or both sides, in particular with regard to the grinding of the flanks of the profile 5, namely pre-ground, for example with the plunge-cut grinding feed movement 15 of the grinding wheel 4 without an axial shift movement, which is followed by the finish grinding then, in which the flank shape of the webs is modified in a targeted manner.
  • the plunge-cut grinding feed movement 15 of the grinding wheel 4 without an axial shift movement, which is followed by the finish grinding then, in which the flank shape of the webs is modified in a targeted manner.
  • This slight axial shift movement may be necessary to achieve special geometrical and surface accuracies of the screw profile or its surfaces.
  • This slight axial displacement movement 10 of the grinding zones can, however, also be achieved in such a way that the speed of the workpiece 1 and the speed of the grinding wheel 4 are synchronized from their “zero position”, with the shifting from the so-called “zero position” from a Shifting the point of engagement of the grinding wheel with its profiling 3 corresponds. In such a case can then on a relative longitudinal displacement between workpiece 1 and grinding wheel 4 waived who the.
  • it is also conceivable to combine both variants with one another. The selection of the respective method depends on the respective geometries of the workpiece 1 to be achieved, so that this is ultimately dependent on the profile 5 to be ground and the further geometry of the workpiece 1.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the grinding of a worm or a worm-shaped element.
  • the profile 5 of the workpiece 1 cannot be completely reproduced in the normal section to the longitudinal axis 11 of the worm shaft 1 because of the special shape of the screw profile. Therefore, the grinding wheel 4 with its helical Profileie tion 3 is pivoted into the thread or groove profile of the worm 16.
  • the width of the helical profile 3 of the cylindrical outer contour 7 having grinding wheel 4 is so large that it covers at least the length of the complete thread or Nutpro fils. According to the invention, it is not necessary to move the grinding wheel in the axial direction, i.e. in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11 of the workpiece 1.
  • the profile 5 of the worms in the entire area of the groove 8 and the webs 9 can be ground precisely and surface-accurate, it must be due to the pivoting of the grinding wheel 4 by the angle ß to the longitudinal axis 11 of the workpiece 1 in its height and its axial Direction can be shifted. Only in this way can a finished part cylindri cal in the outer contour be obtained with the cylindrical grinding worm 4 in the outer contour 7. This is achieved by the upward movement 10.1 or the downward movement 10.2, based on the longitudinal axis of the grinding wheel 4.
  • the top shows five different positions of the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel 4 with helical profiling 3 with respect to the longitudinal axis 11 of the workpiece 1.
  • the grinding wheel 4 is arranged centrally with respect to the worm 16 to be ground or the profile 5 to be ground. This is represented by the point which is arranged exactly at the intersection of the longitudinal axis 11 of the workpiece 1 and the rotational axis of the grinding wheel 4 in the center with respect to the width of the grinding wheel 4.
  • the details described here relate to the fact that the geometry of the workpiece 1 to be ground and the geometry of the helical profiling 3 of the grinding wheel 4, ie the grinding worm, are cylindrical.
  • the grinding point is used as the basis as the start or end of the thread profile or worm profile 5.
  • the middle grinding point which is shown in the middle representation of the five figures in FIG. 6, is used as the basis.
  • the profile 5 is not finish-ground. So that intermediate or finish grinding of the profile 5 can take place, the grinding wheel 4 must be shifted in the vertical direction. This is done using the existing CNC control via the so-called Y-axis.
  • the grinding wheel 4 must move in the axial direction of the longitudinal axis 11 of the workpiece 1 as a correction in the sense of shifting, provided that the Synchronization (in the zero position) of the rotation of the workpiece 1 and that of the grinding wheel 4 should not be corrected.
  • the slight axial displacement of the grinding wheel 4 is also replaced by a targeted correction of the synchronization of the speeds of the workpiece 1 and the grinding wheel 4 with respect to one another. A combination of both variants is of course also possible.
  • a major advantage of this method is that the grinding forces can be kept moderate and thus the load on the grinding machine can also be kept in a range that is favorable for the grinding machine.
  • Another advantage is that the grinding times, ie the cycle times for producing a workpiece 1, can be kept relatively short.
  • the grinding wheel 4 does not necessarily have to be axially displaced in relation to the longitudinal axis 11 of the workpiece 1. be practiced. Shifting is therefore not absolutely necessary. However, a shift in the axial direction may well be desired, because the profile 5 of the workpiece 1 can be influenced in its width. In this way, a corresponding flank geometry (see FIG. 10) can be generated or the flank geometry can be influenced in the desired manner.
  • the selection of which of the possibilities of the process are used depends on the result to be achieved, on the cycle time to be observed and, for example, also on a positive influence on the service life, in particular of the grinding wheel 4.
  • the desired detailed workpiece geometry can also influence the selection of the procedural options described.
  • FIG. 7 is shown according to a further embodiment, how a worm profile 5, 16 is ground by plunge grinding by means of a helical profiling 3 having grinding wheel, namely by separating pre-grinding and finish grinding, the pre-grinding with the helically profiled Grinding wheel 4 and the finish grinding is produced by means of a second grinding wheel 12 by means of profile grinding.
  • a grinding spindle 13 is shown which carries the grinding wheel 4, which has the helical profile 3, and a second grinding wheel 12 for profile grinding.
  • the grinding spindle 13 is in the sense of an infeed movement 15, characterized by the double arrow, in the manner of plunge-cut grinding in the loading area of the workpiece 1 with the worm 16 to be ground.
  • the worm shaft 1 has, in addition to the helical element 16, other various cylindrical sections and a collar 17, is supported by means of a bezel 28 at a cylindrical end and is clamped and driving element by means of a workpiece spindle 27 in a Spannele not shown.
  • FIG. 7a shows the process of rough grinding 29.
  • the grinding wheel 4 is generally designed as a grinding wheel which does not have to be dressed and which enables a high metal removal rate.
  • the second grinding wheel 12, ie the finished grinding wheel then grinds in a second step after a corresponding axial offset of the grinding spindle 13 after the second grinding wheel 12 is brought into engagement with the worm profile.
  • This finished grinding wheel 12 must travel over the complete profile 5 as a so-called single-tooth grinding wheel in the direction of the longitudinal axis 11 of the workpiece 1 and is usually a grinding wheel that is dressed.
  • Grinding wheels with a wide variety of abrasives and bonds are used for pre-grinding and finish grinding. For example, corundum grinding wheels, CBN grinding wheels or also diamond grinding wheels with all bonds common in the prior art can be used.
  • the grinding spindle 13 is moved in the axial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis 11 of the workpiece 1 to such an extent that the grinding wheel 4 dips into a circumferential groove 8 through an infeed movement 15, as shown in FIG is and thus forms the actual snail.
  • the screw 5 is moved in the axial direction relative to the workpiece 1 in accordance with the pitch.
  • the worm shaft 1 is held in a rotationally driven manner by means of a collet 32 and a face stop 31 of the workpiece spindle 27.
  • the bar material is fed into the grinding machine in the grinding station on the left and first cut to the desired length.
  • a thin grinding wheel is additionally arranged on the spindle for the outer contour grinding wheel 34.
  • the outer contour of the workpiece 1 is ground by means of the outer contour grinding slide 34, a Lünettenla support is arranged on a collar and the steady rest 28 is adjusted accordingly to support the workpiece 1.
  • the workpiece is fed from the station at which the outer contour of the worm shaft has been ground into the solid material 6, the second station in which the actual worm 16 is generated on the workpiece 1.
  • sub-step 8.3 after the workpiece 1 has been moved, it is clamped, ie held, in the corresponding clamping devices on the left and right grinding headstocks.
  • step 8.4 the workpiece 1 is cut off by means of a parting-off grinding process in the left grinding area by means of the outer contour grinding wheel 34.
  • step 8.5 the pre-grinding and finishing of the worm 16 or the thread profile 5 in the worm section of the worm shaft 1.
  • the workpiece geometry there is finish-ground in the area of the left end of the worm shaft.
  • step 8.6 the previously finish-ground workpiece 1 is unloaded from the right-hand grinding station, including its removal.
  • the illustrated method with steps 8.1 to 8.6 or the associated grinding machine realizing this method is especially suitable for the large-scale production of such worm shafts.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the grinding of a worm on a workpiece to produce a worm shaft, the worm being designed as a two-start worm.
  • This can be achieved in a simple manner by providing a grinding wheel 4.1 for one side A of the workpiece 1 and another grinding wheel 4.2 for a side B of the workpiece 1, each of which has a helical profile and between these two helical profiles, So between them, grind the workpiece 1 in the area of the profile 5 of the workpiece 1 from both sides.
  • the grinding wheel 4.1 takes over the grinding of the first gear of the double-thread profile on the A side and the opposite grinding wheel 4.2 the grinding of the worm on the side B of the workpiece 1. It grinds the second gear of the two-thread profile.
  • An essential advantage of such an arrangement is that the bending stresses on the workpiece 1 are compensated for during grinding. This means that separate supports with steady rests can be dispensed with when grinding a worm shaft with a two-flight worm. Depending on the workpiece geometry, this even improves the quality of the workpiece, since by compensating for the bending stress, the worm 16 of the worm shaft 1 can always be grinded around a longitudinal axis of the workpiece that is not pivoted out of a zero position. As a result, an even higher cutting volume per unit of time can also be achieved in an advantageous manner, which further reduces the production costs. And finally, a cross-section through the web of a worm 16 is shown in a schematic representation in FIG.
  • a web of the helical profiling 3 of the otherwise not shown grinding wheel being immersed in the groove.
  • the desired profile 5 on the workpiece 1 must be achieved by a slight movement, in the case of FIG is referred to as shifting. This makes it possible to influence the flank shape of the webs which limit the circumferential groove of a worm or a thread-like, ie helical, profile.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et une machine à meuler pour meuler une pièce à usiner, sur la périphérie externe de laquelle pièce à usiner un profilé (5) est réalisé sous la forme d'un contour final au moyen d'un disque abrasif (4) présentant une section profilée hélicoïdale (3), ledit profilé correspondant à la section profilée (3) du disque abrasif (4). Le profilé (5) peut être meulé à partir d'un matériau solide cylindrique (6) ou à partir d'une pièce à usiner brute présentant une tolérance d'usinage par rapport au contour final, et dans les deux variantes, le meulage du contour final est réalisé. Le disque abrasif cylindrique (4) présente, sur son contour extérieur (7), une rainure (8) s'étendant de manière hélicoïdale en périphérie, qui, avec la saillie (9) adjacente à la rainure (8), forme un profilé (5), qui est meulé au moyen d'un meulage en plongée par le disque abrasif (4). La vitesse de rotation du disque abrasif (4) est synchronisée avec la vitesse de rotation de la pièce à usiner pendant le meulage de la pièce à usiner (1). Dans la direction axiale, le disque abrasif (4) effectue au plus un léger déplacement axial (1) appelé décalage pour meuler la forme de la saillie (9) délimitant la rainure (8).
PCT/EP2021/058565 2020-04-03 2021-04-01 Procédé de meulage de pièces à usiner dotées d'un profilé hélicoïdal et machine à meuler pour produire lesdites pièces à usiner WO2021198403A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020204380.9 2020-04-03
DE102020204380.9A DE102020204380B4 (de) 2020-04-03 2020-04-03 Verfahren zum schleifen von werkstücken mit schraubenförmigem profil und schleifmaschine zum herstellen derartiger werkstücke

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WO2021198403A1 true WO2021198403A1 (fr) 2021-10-07

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CN114851051B (zh) * 2022-07-11 2022-09-20 徐州市瑞泰钢管有限公司 一种大型管件连接头螺纹部位自动化除锈设备

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB589283A (en) * 1944-01-05 1947-06-17 Alfred Rickenmann Improvements in and relating to screw thread grinding machines
US2981038A (en) * 1959-03-17 1961-04-25 Jones And Lamson Machine Compa Method of grinding helical forms
DE102008035525B3 (de) 2008-07-30 2009-12-17 Kapp Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Werkstücks und Schleifmaschine
US20130244546A1 (en) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-19 Niles Wserkzeugmaschinen Gmbh Method for machining a workpiece with a worm-shaped cutting tool

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB589283A (en) * 1944-01-05 1947-06-17 Alfred Rickenmann Improvements in and relating to screw thread grinding machines
US2981038A (en) * 1959-03-17 1961-04-25 Jones And Lamson Machine Compa Method of grinding helical forms
DE102008035525B3 (de) 2008-07-30 2009-12-17 Kapp Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Werkstücks und Schleifmaschine
US20130244546A1 (en) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-19 Niles Wserkzeugmaschinen Gmbh Method for machining a workpiece with a worm-shaped cutting tool

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HEISELKLOCKE ET AL.: "Zahnrad- und Getriebetechnik", HANSERVERLAG, pages: 248 - 250

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