WO2021187423A1 - 空気調和システム - Google Patents
空気調和システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021187423A1 WO2021187423A1 PCT/JP2021/010395 JP2021010395W WO2021187423A1 WO 2021187423 A1 WO2021187423 A1 WO 2021187423A1 JP 2021010395 W JP2021010395 W JP 2021010395W WO 2021187423 A1 WO2021187423 A1 WO 2021187423A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- temperature
- water supply
- supply temperature
- heat source
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
- F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
- F24F11/85—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using variable-flow pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/04—Sensors
- F24D2220/042—Temperature sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems
- F24D5/12—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems using heat pumps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/13—Hot air central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to an air conditioning system that circulates cold and hot water indoors to perform air conditioning.
- an air conditioning system that uses cold / hot water as a heat medium performs air conditioning by sending cold / hot water whose temperature has been adjusted by a heat source unit to an indoor unit installed in an air-conditioned space by a pump.
- the power consumption of the heat source unit and the pump changes depending on the set value of the temperature of the cold and hot water sent from the heat source unit to the indoor unit. For example, in the case of cooling, if the temperature of the cold water sent by the heat source machine is further lowered, the operating efficiency (COP) of the refrigeration cycle is lowered, so that the power consumption of the heat source machine is increased. On the other hand, on the indoor unit side, the lower the temperature of the cold water, the smaller the amount of water required, so that the power consumption of the pump decreases. That is, there is a trade-off between the power consumption of the heat source unit and the power consumption of the pump with respect to the water supply temperature.
- COP operating efficiency
- the power consumption of the heat source unit is increased by detecting the supply air temperature of the indoor unit and the water supply temperature of the heat source unit and grasping the correlation between the temperature difference and the water flow rate in advance.
- a method of setting the water supply temperature of the heat source machine so as to minimize the total power consumption of the pump has been proposed.
- This disclosure is made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and provides an air conditioning system capable of suppressing an increase in cost while minimizing the total power consumption of the heat source machine and the pump. be.
- the air conditioning system is a heat source machine capable of adjusting the cooling capacity or the heating capacity for generating cold / hot water, and a chamber in which the sucked air is exchanged with the cold / hot water to blow out.
- a water circuit configured by connecting an outward pipe and a return pipe so that the cold / hot water circulates in the machine, the heat source machine, and the indoor unit, and a water circuit provided in the water circuit, the flow rate of the cold / hot water can be adjusted.
- the return water temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the cold / hot water flowing through the return pipe, the water supply temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the cold / hot water flowing through the outbound pipe, and the water supply temperature detected by the water supply temperature sensor become the target water supply temperature.
- the target water supply temperature is set based on the temperature difference between the water supply temperature control unit that adjusts the cooling capacity or the heating capacity of the heat source machine and the water return temperature detected by the return water temperature sensor. It is equipped with a target water supply temperature update unit to be changed.
- the air conditioning system according to the present disclosure can minimize the total power consumption of the heat source machine and the pump by a simple arithmetic process of determining the target water supply temperature according to the water temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the heat source machine.
- the increase in the cost of the air conditioning system can be suppressed.
- FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the air conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the indoor air volume control of the air conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the open / closed state of the bypass valve with respect to the pump rotation speed of the air conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the flow of cold water when a bypass valve is closed in the air conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the flow of cold water when a bypass valve is open in the air conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the internal structure of the heat source machine control part of the air conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the control operation of the three-way valve with respect to the temperature difference between the outside air temperature and the return water temperature of the air conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the state which the cold water is not circulated to the water-air heat exchanger of the air conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the state which circulated cold water to the water-air heat exchanger of the air-conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state of the water temperature change in the indoor unit of the air conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a state diagram which shows the change of the return water temperature when the water supply temperature is raised from the state shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 It is a state diagram which shows the change of the return water temperature when the water supply temperature is lowered from the state shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows an example of the relationship between the water supply temperature and the water temperature difference in the air conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the water temperature difference in the air conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1 and the power consumption of a pump.
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the power consumption and the water temperature difference in the air conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the calculation procedure for finding the water temperature difference which minimizes the total power consumption in the optimum water temperature difference calculation unit which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the control operation of the target water supply temperature update part of the air-conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the control operation of the optimum water temperature difference setting part of the air-conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the air conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of the air conditioning system which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an air conditioning system according to the first embodiment.
- the air conditioning system 100 performs a cooling operation, and the heat source unit 1, the indoor unit 2, and the pump 3 for generating cold water are connected by the outbound pipe 12 and the return pipe 13 which are water pipes.
- the water circuit 25 is formed.
- the cold water that is boosted by the pump 3 and circulates in the water circuit 25 is cooled by the heat source unit 1 and then sent to the indoor unit 2 through the outbound pipe 12.
- the cold water sent to the indoor unit 2 exchanges heat with the indoor air, and then returns to the pump 3 through the return pipe 13.
- the heat source machine 1 includes a compressor 4, a condenser 5, an expansion valve 8, a refrigerating cycle in which the refrigerant side of the refrigerant-water heat exchanger 7 is sequentially connected, a free cooling circuit 20, and a heat source machine control unit 31. ing.
- the compressor 4 has a variable rotation speed, and the cooling capacity can be continuously adjusted.
- the free cooling circuit 20 is connected to the water side inlet of the refrigerant-water heat exchanger 7 via a three-way valve 22 which is a flow path switching means, and determines whether or not water is passed through the water-air heat exchanger 21. It can be selected by 22.
- the outdoor blower 6 blows outside air in the order of the water-air heat exchanger 21 and the condenser 5.
- the heat source machine 1 includes a water supply temperature sensor 14 installed on the outlet side of cold water, a return water temperature sensor 23 installed on the inlet side of cold water, and an outside air installed on the water-air heat exchanger 21 side.
- a temperature sensor 24 is provided.
- the heat source machine control unit 31 is a microcomputer provided with a processor, a memory, an I / O port, and the like. The heat source machine control unit 31 controls the rotation speed of the compressor 4 and the flow path of the three-way valve 22 based on the temperature information obtained from the water supply temperature sensor 14, the return water temperature sensor 23, and the outside air temperature sensor 24.
- the indoor heat exchanger 9 and the two-way valve 11 are connected in series to the water circuit 25, and the indoor blower 10 exchanges heat between the indoor air and the cold water flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 9.
- the two-way valve 11 is a flow rate adjusting valve whose opening degree can be continuously adjusted, and adjusts the flow rate of water flowing through the indoor unit 2.
- the indoor unit control unit 32 is a microcomputer provided with a processor, a memory, an I / O port, and the like.
- the indoor unit control unit 32 contains temperature information obtained from the return air temperature sensor 16 installed at the indoor air inlet and the supply air temperature sensor 15 installed at the outlet, and a return air temperature target value set by the user.
- the indoor blower 10 and the two-way valve 11 are controlled based on the supply air temperature target value.
- the indoor unit control unit 32 is a supply air temperature control unit that controls the opening degree of the two-way valve 11. When a plurality of indoor units 2 are installed in parallel, each of the indoor units 2 is provided with an indoor unit control unit 32 to control the indoor blower 10 and the two-way valve 11.
- the pump 3 is provided in a water circuit 25 in which a heat source unit 1, an outward pipe 12, an indoor unit 2, and a return pipe 13 are sequentially connected to circulate cold water.
- the water circuit 25 includes a bypass path 18 having one end connected to the outward pipe 12 and the other end connected to the return pipe 13 on the inlet side of the pump 3.
- the bypass path 18 can be opened and closed by a bypass valve 19.
- the pump control unit 33 is a microcomputer provided with a processor, a memory, an I / O port, and the like. The pump control unit 33 controls the rotation speed of the pump 3 and the opening / closing control of the bypass valve 19 so that the detection value of the differential pressure sensor 17 that detects the front-rear differential pressure of the pump 3 becomes constant.
- the heat source unit control unit 31, the indoor unit control unit 32, and the pump control unit 33 may be installed separately or integrated as a centralized control device.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of indoor air volume control with respect to the temperature difference ⁇ Ta between the return air temperature Tar detected by the return air temperature sensor 16 and the target return air temperature Tam.
- the indoor unit control unit 32 calculates the temperature difference ⁇ Ta between the return air temperature Tar and the target return air temperature Tam, and controls the indoor blower 10 so that the amount of air blown corresponds to the temperature difference ⁇ Ta. As shown in FIG. 2, when the temperature difference ⁇ Ta is 2 ° C. or more, the indoor unit control unit 32 sets the indoor blower 10 to the maximum air volume of 100%, and when the temperature difference ⁇ Ta is 0 ° C. or less, the minimum air volume is 30%.
- the air volume control value is assigned so as to linearly change the indoor air volume from 30% to 100%.
- the indoor blower 10 is stopped to reduce the cooling capacity to zero.
- the indoor blower 10 is operated again with a minimum air volume of 30%.
- the cooling capacity of the indoor unit 2 is controlled to zero by stopping the indoor blower 10 when the return air temperature Tar is excessively lowered, but the indoor blower 10 is operated with a 30% air volume.
- the two-way valve 11 may be closed as it is.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an open / closed state of the bypass valve 19 with respect to a pump rotation speed of a minimum of 30% to a maximum of 100%.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the flow of cold water when the bypass valve 19 is in the closed state, and
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the flow of cold water when the bypass valve 19 is in the open state.
- a target differential pressure ⁇ Pm of, for example, about 300 kPa is preset in the pump control unit 33 by the user.
- the bypass valve 19 is closed as shown in FIG. 4, and all the cold water flowing through the outward pipe 12 flows to the indoor heat exchanger 9.
- the cold water that has passed through the two-way valve 11 and has been decompressed returns to the pump 3 via the return pipe 13 and is boosted again.
- the pump control unit 33 controls the rotation speed of the pump 3 so that the differential pressure ⁇ P detected by the differential pressure sensor 17 becomes the target differential pressure ⁇ Pm.
- the pump control unit 33 opens the bypass valve 19 as shown in FIG.
- the bypass valve 19 is opened, the cold water flowing through the outward pipe 12 is branched into the indoor heat exchanger 9 and the bypass path 18 and circulates respectively, so that the differential pressure ⁇ P becomes small.
- the pump control unit 33 closes the bypass valve 19 again when the pump rotation speed exceeds 50% due to the opening of the bypass valve 19.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of the heat source machine control unit 31.
- the heat source machine control unit 31 includes an information reading unit 41, a three-way valve control unit 42, a target water supply temperature update unit 43, a water supply temperature control unit 45, and an optimum water temperature difference calculation unit 46.
- the target water temperature difference updating unit 43 includes an optimum water temperature difference setting unit 44.
- the heat source machine control unit 31 is stored in the memory of the information reading unit 41, the three-way valve control unit 42, the target water temperature update unit 43, the optimum water temperature difference setting unit 44, the water supply temperature control unit 45, and the optimum water temperature difference calculation unit 46. It is a functional part realized by executing a program.
- the information reading unit 41 includes the water supply temperature Tws obtained from the water supply temperature sensor 14, the return water temperature sensor 23, and the outside air temperature sensor 24, the temperature information of the return water temperature Twr and the outside air temperature Tout, the operating state of the three-way valve 22, and the bypass valve.
- the open / closed states of 19 are sequentially collected.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a control operation of the three-way valve 22 with respect to the temperature difference between the outside air temperature Tout and the return water temperature Twr
- FIG. 8 is a state (a) in which cold water is not circulated through the water-air heat exchanger 21.
- 9 shows a state (b) in which cold water is circulated through the water-air heat exchanger 21.
- the three-way valve control unit 42 acquires the temperature information of the outside air temperature Tout and the return water temperature Twr from the information reading unit 41, and when the outside air temperature Tout is 5 ° C. or more lower than the return water temperature Twr, the three-way valve 22 is shown in FIG. As the state (b), water is passed through the free cooling circuit 20 (that is, the free cooling operation is performed). When the temperature difference between the outside air temperature Tout and the return water temperature Twr becomes larger than -2 ° C. while passing water through the free cooling circuit 20, the three-way valve control unit 42 sets the three-way valve 22 in the state shown in FIG. 9 (b).
- the three-way valve control unit 42 repeats the flow path switching control by the three-way valve 22 at a control interval of, for example, 3 minutes.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a state of change in water temperature in the indoor heat exchanger 9.
- the horizontal axis is the distance in the flow direction in which the cold water travels in the indoor heat exchanger 9, and the vertical axis is the temperature of the cold water with respect to the distance.
- the cold water circulating in the water circuit 25 flows into the indoor heat exchanger 9 at the water supply temperature Tws, reaches the return water temperature Twr, and flows out from the indoor heat exchanger 9.
- the target water supply temperature Twsm is 20 ° C.
- the water supply temperature Tws detected by the water supply temperature sensor 14 by adjusting the cooling capacity of the heat source machine 1 is substantially the same as the target water supply temperature Twsm.
- the air supply temperature Tas is controlled to be constant by the indoor unit control unit 32, and the differential pressure ⁇ P is substantially the same as the target differential pressure ⁇ Pm by the pump control unit 33.
- FIG. 11 is a state diagram showing a change in the return water temperature Twr when the water supply temperature Tws is increased from the state shown in FIG. 10
- FIG. 12 is a state diagram in which the water supply temperature Tws is decreased from the state shown in FIG. It is a state diagram which shows the change of the return water temperature Twr at the time.
- the supply air temperature Tas When the water supply temperature Tws is raised from the stable state, the supply air temperature Tas first rises in the indoor unit 2, so that the valve opening degree of the two-way valve 11 is controlled to open. Since the differential pressure ⁇ P decreases due to the operation of the two-way valve 11, the pump control unit 33 increases the rotation speed of the pump 3. The flow rate of water circulating in the water circuit 25 increases as the rotation speed of the pump 3 increases, but the air supply temperature Tas of the indoor unit 2 does not change due to the control of the two-way valve 11, so that the cooling capacity also does not change. As a result, the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw becomes smaller by the increase in the water flow rate circulating in the water circuit 25 (see FIG. 11).
- the valve opening degree of the two-way valve 11 is controlled in the direction of closing in response to the decrease in the supply air temperature Tas of the indoor unit 2.
- the rotation speed of the pump 3 is controlled in response to the increase in the differential pressure ⁇ P.
- the supply air temperature Tas and the differential pressure ⁇ P become equal to those before the water supply temperature is lowered, while the water flow rate circulating in the water circuit 25 decreases and the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw increases (see FIG. 12).
- FIGS. 11 and 12 are graphs showing the power consumption characteristics of the pump 3 and the compressor 4 with respect to the water supply temperature Tws or the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the water supply temperature Tws and the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw.
- the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw decreases by about 2 ° C.
- the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw rises by about 2 ° C.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw and the power consumption Wpump of the pump 3. Since the pump 3 is controlled so that the differential pressure ⁇ P is constant, the power consumption Wpump of the pump 3 is proportional to the water flow rate Gw circulating in the water circuit 25 (Wpump ⁇ Gw). Further, since the two-way valve 11 is controlled so that the supply air temperature Tas of the indoor unit 2 becomes constant, the cooling capacity Qc of the indoor unit 2 does not change before and after changing the water supply temperature Tws.
- the cooling capacity Qc is proportional to the product of the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw and the water flow rate Gw, the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw, the water flow rate Gw, and the power consumption Wpump of the pump 3 have an inverse proportional relationship.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the change characteristics of the power consumption Wcomp of the heat source machine 1 with respect to the change in the water supply temperature Tws.
- the operating efficiency of a refrigeration cycle changes by about 3% with respect to a change of 1 ° C. in terms of saturation temperature. Therefore, under the condition that the cooling capacity Qc is unchanged, the power consumption Wcomp of the heat source machine 1 also changes by about 3% with respect to a change in the water supply temperature of 1 ° C.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the power consumption and the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw.
- the sum of the power consumption Wpump of the pump 3 and the power consumption Wcomp of the heat source machine 1 has a characteristic of being convex downward with respect to the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw. That is, it can be seen that there is an optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm that minimizes the total power consumption (see FIG. 16).
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a calculation procedure for obtaining the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm that minimizes the total power consumption in the optimum water temperature difference calculation unit 46 according to the first embodiment.
- the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm calculated here is passed to the optimum water temperature difference setting unit 44 as the first threshold value. Further, the optimum water temperature difference calculation unit 46 does not necessarily have to be provided in the heat source machine control unit 31, and an externally calculated optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm may be input to the optimum water temperature difference setting unit 44.
- S11 is a step of reading the information necessary for the calculation, the water density ⁇ w and the specific heat Cpw, the efficiency ⁇ of the pump 3, the target differential pressure ⁇ Pm set in the pump control unit 33, the COP of the heat source machine 1 and the water supply temperature of 1 ° C. Equipment characteristic values such as the COP change rate with respect to the change are set.
- S12 is a step assuming a cooling capacity Qc, and an arbitrary value is set. When the cooling capacity Qc is given, in S13 and S14, the power consumption Wcomp of the heat source unit 1 and the power consumption Wpump of the pump 3 are obtained by the following equations (1) and (2), respectively.
- the power consumption Wcomp of the heat source machine 1 calculated in S13 is a fixed value, but the power consumption Wpump of the pump 3 calculated in S14 is obtained as a function Func ( ⁇ Tw) because the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw is unknown.
- S15 is a step of calculating the change amount ⁇ Wcomp of the power consumption Wcomp of the heat source machine 1 and the power consumption change amount ⁇ Wpump of the pump 3 when the water supply temperature Tws changes by a unit amount (for example, 1 ° C.). Since the power consumption Wcomp of the heat source machine 1 is a fixed value as shown in the following equation (3), the power consumption change amount ⁇ Wcomp of the heat source machine 1 is also a fixed value. On the other hand, since the power consumption Wpump of the pump 3 is a function of the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw, the power consumption change amount ⁇ Wpump of the pump 3 is also a function of the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw as shown in the equation (4).
- ⁇ Wpump Func ( ⁇ Tw-1) -Func ( ⁇ Tw + 1) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (4)
- S16 is a step of obtaining the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm that minimizes the total power consumption.
- ⁇ Tw in which the pump 3 power consumption change amount ⁇ Wpump calculated for each water temperature difference ⁇ Tw and the heat source machine 1 power consumption change amount ⁇ Wcomp, which are constant values, match is searched, and this is set as the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm.
- the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm is about 7 regardless of the cooling capacity Qc. It reaches 5.5 ° C.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing the control operation of the target water supply temperature updating unit 43.
- the target water supply temperature updating unit 43 has an initial value of the target water supply temperature Twsm, and reads the initial value as the target water supply temperature Twsm at the start of operation of the air conditioning system 100 (S21).
- S22 is a step of acquiring temperature detection information from the water supply temperature sensor 14 and the return water temperature sensor 23 and calculating the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw
- S23 is a step of receiving the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm from the optimum water temperature difference setting unit 44 described later. Is.
- S24 the current water temperature difference ⁇ Tw and the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm are compared, and when the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw is smaller than the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm (S24: YES), the target water supply temperature Twsm is lowered by 0.5 ° C. (S25). ), When the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw is equal to or greater than the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm (S24: NO), the target water supply temperature Twsm is increased by 0.5 ° C. (S26).
- S27 is a step of setting the upper limit value 22 ° C. and the lower limit value 4 ° C. of the target water supply temperature Twsm so that the target water supply temperature Twsm does not fall outside the range of 4 ° C. to 22 ° C. The above control is repeated, for example, at a control interval of 1 minute (S28).
- the target water temperature difference ⁇ Tw is lowered or increased so that the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw matches the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm.
- the target water temperature difference Twsm S25 which is a step of lowering the water temperature
- S26 which is a step of raising the target water supply temperature Twsm when the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw becomes equal to or more than the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Tw, has the effect of reducing the total power consumption. ..
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the control operation of the optimum water temperature difference setting unit 44.
- S31 is a step of acquiring the operating state of the bypass valve 19 and the three-way valve 22, and when the bypass valve 19 is open (S32: YES), the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm is set to 0 ° C., which is the third threshold value.
- the bypass valve 19 is closed (S32: NO) and water is passed through the free cooling circuit 20 (S34: YES)
- the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm is set as the second threshold value 30.
- the second threshold value is a value larger than the first threshold value.
- the target water supply temperature update unit 43 has only the magnitude relationship between the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm and the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw regardless of the operating state on the water circuit side.
- the target water supply temperature Twsm can be updated with.
- the air conditioning system 100 is the heat source machine 1 and the heat source machine 1 by a simple arithmetic process for determining the target water supply temperature Twsm according to the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw between the inlet and the outlet of the heat source machine 1. Since the total power consumption of the pump 3 can be minimized, an increase in the cost of the air conditioning system 100 can be suppressed.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic configuration diagram of the air conditioning system 101 according to the second embodiment.
- the air conditioning system 101 performs a heating operation, and the heat source machine 1 can adjust the heating capacity for generating hot water.
- the heat source machine 1 has a built-in refrigeration cycle in which a compressor 4, a refrigerant-water heat exchanger 7 functioning as a condenser, an expansion valve 8, and a refrigerant-air heat exchanger 105 functioning as an evaporator are sequentially connected. .. Other than that, it is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the hot water heated by the refrigerant-water heat exchanger 7 is sent to the indoor unit 2 by the pump 3.
- the indoor unit 2 performs a heating operation by exchanging heat between the inflowing hot water and the indoor air by the indoor heat exchanger 9.
- the relationship between the power consumption Wpump of the pump 3 and the power consumption Wcomp of the heat source unit 1 and the water supply temperature Tws at this time is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the target water temperature update unit 43 raises the target water temperature Twsm when the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw is smaller than the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm used as the first threshold value, and is larger than the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm. When it is large, the target water supply temperature Twsm is lowered. Further, the target water supply temperature update unit 43 targets when the water temperature difference ⁇ Tw is smaller than 7.5 ° C. used as the first threshold value and larger than the third threshold value 0 ° C. when the bypass path 18 is open. The water supply temperature Twsm is lowered.
- the current target water supply temperature Twsm is 45 ° C.
- the power consumption change amount ⁇ Wcomp of the heat source machine 1 when this is updated to 46 ° C. is the power consumption Wcomp of the heat source machine 1 calculated by the equation (1). It increases by the amount of COP change.
- the power consumption change amount ⁇ Wpump of the pump 3 can also be calculated for each ⁇ Tw using the equations (2) and (4) as they are. Further, even in the heating operation, the optimum water temperature difference ⁇ Twm that minimizes the total power consumption of the pump 3 and the heat source machine 1 is 7.5 ° C., which is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the air conditioning system 101 is a simple arithmetic process for determining the target water supply temperature according to the water temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the heat source machine 1 even when the heating operation is performed. Since the total power consumption of the heat source unit 1 and the pump 3 can be minimized, a high-performance arithmetic unit is not required for the calculation, so that the cost of the control device can be reduced.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic configuration diagram of the air conditioning system 102 according to the third embodiment.
- the air conditioning system 102 includes a plurality of heat source units 1 and indoor units 2 connected to the outward pipe 12 and the return pipe 13 in the air conditioning systems 100 and 101 of the first embodiment or the second embodiment. Will be done.
- the plurality of heat source machines 1a, 1b, 1c are connected in parallel to the outgoing pipe 12 and the return pipe 13, and the plurality of indoor units 2a, 2b, 2c are also connected in parallel to the outgoing pipe 12 and the return pipe 13.
- the heat source machine control unit 31 is provided for each of the plurality of heat source machines 1a, 1b, and 1c, and the compressor 4 and the three-way valve 22 are individually controlled.
- each of the indoor units 2a, 2b, and 2c is provided with an indoor unit control unit 32, and the indoor units 2a, 2b, and 2c are individually controlled.
- the heat source units 1a, 1b, and 1c are connected.
- the total power consumption of the heat source machines 1a, 1b, 1c and the pump 3 can be minimized by a simple arithmetic process that determines the target water supply temperature according to the water temperature difference between the inlet and outlet, so the calculation is highly efficient. Since no arithmetic unit is required, the cost of the control device can be reduced.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic configuration diagram of the air conditioning system 103 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the water supply temperature sensor 14 and the return water temperature sensor 23 are not included in the heat source unit 1, the water supply temperature sensor 14 is on the inlet side of the indoor unit 2, and the return water temperature sensor is on the outlet side of the indoor unit 2. 23 is installed.
- the temperature of the cold water changes before and after the heat source unit 1 or in the indoor unit 2 except for a slight temperature change due to the absorption and heat dissipation loss from the water pipe. Only before and after. Therefore, the water supply temperature sensor 14 may be installed anywhere in the outward pipe 12 from the heat source unit 1 to the indoor unit 2, and the return water temperature sensor 23 may be installed anywhere in the return pipe 13.
- the heat source unit 1 and the pump 3 are subjected to a simple arithmetic process for determining the target water supply temperature according to the water temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the indoor unit 2. Since the total power consumption of the above can be minimized, a high-performance arithmetic unit is not required for the calculation, so that the cost of the control device can be reduced.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係る空気調和システムの概略構成図である。図1に示すように、空気調和システム100は冷房運転を行うものであり、冷水を生成する熱源機1、室内機2及びポンプ3が、水配管である往管12、還管13で接続されて水回路25を形成している。ポンプ3で昇圧されて水回路25を循環する冷水は、熱源機1で冷却された後、往管12を通って室内機2へ送られる。室内機2に送られた冷水は、室内空気と熱交換が行われた後、還管13を通って再びポンプ3に戻る。
=Func(ΔTw) ・・・ (2)
・・・ (4)
図20は、実施の形態2に係る空気調和システム101の概略構成図である。空気調和システム101は暖房運転を行うものであり、熱源機1は、温水を生成する加熱能力を調整可能である。熱源機1は、圧縮機4、凝縮器として機能する冷媒-水熱交換器7、膨張弁8、蒸発器として機能する冷媒-空気熱交換器105が順次接続された冷凍サイクルを内蔵している。それ以外は実施の形態1と同様である。
図21は、実施の形態3に係る空気調和システム102の概略構成図である。空気調和システム102は、実施の形態1または実施の形態2の空気調和システム100、101において、往管12、還管13に接続される熱源機1と室内機2とを複数台備えることで構成される。複数の熱源機1a、1b、1cは往管12と還管13に対して並列に接続され、複数の室内機2a、2b、2cもまた往管12と還管13に対して並列に接続される。熱源機制御部31は複数の熱源機1a、1b、1cそれぞれに設けられ、圧縮機4及び三方弁22の制御が個別に行われる。また、室内機2a、2b、2cもそれぞれに室内機制御部32が備えられ、個別に制御が行われる。
図22は、実施の形態4に係る空気調和システム103の概略構成図である。空気調和システム103では、送水温度センサ14及び還水温度センサ23が熱源機1に含まれておらず、室内機2の入口側に送水温度センサ14、室内機2の出口側に還水温度センサ23が設置されている。実施の形態1乃至実施の形態4における水回路25では、水配管からの吸放熱損失による僅かな温度変化を除けば、冷水の温度が変化するのは熱源機1の前後、あるいは室内機2の前後だけである。よって、送水温度センサ14は熱源機1から室内機2へ向かう往管12の何処に設置されてもよく、また還水温度センサ23は還管13の何処に設置されてもよい。
Claims (9)
- 冷温水を生成する、冷却能力または加熱能力を調整可能な熱源機と、
吸い込んだ空気を前記冷温水と熱交換させて吹き出す室内機と、
前記熱源機と前記室内機に前記冷温水が循環するように往管と還管が接続されて構成される水回路と、
前記水回路に設けられ、前記冷温水の流量を調整可能な流量調整弁と、
前記流量調整弁の流量を調整する給気温度制御部と、
前記水回路に設けられ、回転数を調整可能なポンプと、
前記ポンプの回転数を調整するポンプ制御部と、
前記還管を流れる前記冷温水の温度を検知する還水温度センサと、
前記往管を流れる前記冷温水の温度を検知する送水温度センサと、
前記送水温度センサが検知する送水温度が目標送水温度になるように前記熱源機の前記冷却能力または前記加熱能力を調整する送水温度制御部と、
前記還水温度センサが検知する還水温度と前記送水温度との温度差に基づいて前記目標送水温度を変化させる目標送水温度更新部と、を備えた空気調和システム。 - 前記目標送水温度更新部は、前記熱源機が前記冷温水を冷却するとき、
前記還水温度と前記送水温度との温度差が予め設定された第1の閾値よりも小さいときに前記目標送水温度を低下させる請求項1に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記目標送水温度更新部は、前記熱源機が前記冷温水を冷却するとき、
前記還水温度と前記送水温度との温度差が、予め設定された第1の閾値よりも大きいときに前記目標送水温度を上昇させる請求項1または請求項2に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記熱源機は、
前記還管から流入する冷温水が流通するように前記水回路に直列に設けられる水-空気熱交換器と、
前記水-空気熱交換器の入口側を閉止し、前記還管から流入する冷温水を前記水-空気熱交換器の出口側に迂回させる流路切換手段と、を備え、
前記目標送水温度更新部は、前記熱源機が前記冷温水を冷却するとき、
前記水-空気熱交換器に前記冷温水が流通している場合には前記還水温度と前記送水温度との温度差が予め設定された第1の閾値より大きい第2の閾値よりも小さいときに前記目標送水温度を低下させる請求項1~請求項3の何れか一項に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記水回路は、一端が前記往管に接続され、他端が前記ポンプの入口側の前記還管に接続されるバイパス路と、
前記バイパス路を開放または閉止するバイパス弁と、を備え、
前記目標送水温度更新部は、前記バイパス路が開放されている場合に、前記温度差が前記第1の閾値より小さい第3の閾値よりも大きいときに前記目標送水温度を上昇させる請求項2~請求項4の何れか一項に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記目標送水温度更新部は、前記熱源機が前記冷温水を加熱するとき、
前記還水温度と前記送水温度との温度差が、予め設定された第1の閾値よりも小さいときに前記目標送水温度を上昇させる請求項1~請求項5の何れか一項に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記目標送水温度更新部は、前記熱源機が前記冷温水を加熱するとき、
前記還水温度と前記送水温度との温度差が、予め設定された第1の閾値よりも大きいときに前記目標送水温度を低下させる請求項1~請求項6の何れか一項に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記水回路は、一端が前記往管に接続され、他端が前記ポンプの入口側の前記還管に接続されるバイパス路と、
前記バイパス路を開放または閉止するバイパス弁と、を備え、
前記目標送水温度更新部は、前記バイパス路が開放されている場合に、前記温度差が前記第1の閾値より小さい第3の閾値よりも大きいときに前記目標送水温度を低下させる請求項6または請求項7に記載の空気調和システム。 - 前記給気温度制御部は、前記室内機から吹き出される空気の温度が一定になるように前記流量調整弁の流量を調整し、
前記ポンプ制御部は、前記ポンプの入口と出口の差圧が一定になるように前記ポンプの回転数を調整し、
前記目標送水温度更新部は、任意の前記温度差に対する前記熱源機の消費電力及び前記ポンプの消費電力を演算し、前記温度差が単位量だけ変化したときの前記熱源機の消費電力変化量及び前記ポンプの消費電力変化量が等しくなる温度差を予め設定された第1の閾値に設定する最適水温差設定部を有する請求項1~請求項8の何れか一項に記載の空気調和システム。
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