WO2021182647A1 - Enrichissement d'aliments au moyen de graines de carica papaya pour le traitement de la schistosomiase - Google Patents

Enrichissement d'aliments au moyen de graines de carica papaya pour le traitement de la schistosomiase Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021182647A1
WO2021182647A1 PCT/KE2020/050003 KE2020050003W WO2021182647A1 WO 2021182647 A1 WO2021182647 A1 WO 2021182647A1 KE 2020050003 W KE2020050003 W KE 2020050003W WO 2021182647 A1 WO2021182647 A1 WO 2021182647A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carica papaya
seeds
fortified
schistosomiasis
powder
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PCT/KE2020/050003
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English (en)
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WO2021182647A4 (fr
Inventor
Elijah SONGOK
Original Assignee
Songok Elijah
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Publication date
Application filed by Songok Elijah filed Critical Songok Elijah
Publication of WO2021182647A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021182647A1/fr
Publication of WO2021182647A4 publication Critical patent/WO2021182647A4/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L25/00—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L25/30—Mashed or comminuted products, e.g. pulp, pastes, meal, powders; Products made therefrom, e.g. blocks, flakes, snacks; Liquid or semi-liquid products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/10—Anthelmintics
    • A61P33/12—Schistosomicides

Definitions

  • TITLE FORTIFICATION OF FOODS WITH CARICA PAPAYA SEEDS FOR TREATMENT OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS
  • the invention pertains to health and preventive medicine, more particularly, to a treatment provided through fortification of foods.
  • Schistosomiasis also known as Bilharzia is a tropical disease caused by a trematode parasite of the genus Schistosoma (Colley et al., 2014). Infections by intestinal parasites -Ascaris lumbricoides, taenia spp ( hookworm ) Trichuris trichura, and Schistosoma mansoni ( S.mansoni ) are an important public health concern (WHO, 1998). These maladies are most prevalent in poor settings of the developing world, with the highest burden of infection registered among school-aged children (Booth et al., 1992).
  • Intestinal parasites are commonly associated with malnutrition, anemia, impaired growth, poor school attendance, and impaired cognition (Hotez et al., 2007).
  • the World Health Assembly passed a resolution for endemic countries to implement large-scale mass drug administration (MDA) of school-aged children using albendazole chemotherapy for Ascaris, Taenia and Trichuris (soil-transmitted helminths) and praziquantel (PZQ) for S. mansoni (Hall et al., 2008;
  • PZQ is bitter tasting and therefore, not administered to newborn and young children.
  • chemotherapeutic MDA is its inability to consider child malnutrition, a widespread problem in most resource limited countries (Ismail et al., 1996; Stephenson et al., 2000), this is exacerbated by the fact that the PZQ drugs have to be taken with meals- a rare phenomenon in resource-limited settings rural schools. Consequently, there has been an urgent need to design treatment alternatives that are not only effective, affordable, and sustainable but also directly enhances child nutrition status.
  • ole-gum-resin an extract from Commiphora molmol has been used in treatment of Schistosoma haematobium, (EP080492) , elsewhere, W02015123480 and US20200009099 discloses the method of treatment and prevention of schistosomiasis using polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).
  • PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid
  • papaya has for centuries been used as an antihelminthic compound in India (Global burden of disease collaboration, 2016; Krishnakumar, 1960), Central and South America (Dar et al., 1965) and throughout the world (Werner et al., 1992).
  • papaya seed extract has been formulated to capsules and dispensed at a dosage of lg three times a day for helminthic treatment (Volpato et al., 2009), while BR 102013027442 A2 described a method of preparing nanoparticles from papaya latex for antihelmintic properties.
  • Laboratory studies have confirmed that various preparations of papaya seeds can kill helminths and S. mansoni cercaria effectively in vitro, and in infected animals (Mokua, 2013; Muchika et al., 2010).
  • India the clinical importance of papaya seed extract as an antihelminthic was confirmed in a study from Nigeria.
  • Carica papaya seed powder is effective against schistosomiasis prevalence. More specifically it relates to the use of food compositions fortified with Carica papaya seed powder for the treatment or management of schistosomiasis.
  • a method for making Carica papaya seed powder for fortification of cereal flour comprising the steps of obtaining the Carica papaya fruit, getting the seeds from the fruit and drying the Carica papaya seeds, washing the dried seeds in glacial acetic acid; rinsing off the glacial acetic acid from the seeds with tap water for at least 4 times; re-drying the seeds for at least 1 hour and milling the Carica papaya seed into powder.
  • the Carica papaya seeds are washed in 8% glacial acetic acid. In another embodiment of the invention, the Carica papaya seeds are washed in glacial acetic acid for at least 30 minutes.
  • the Carica papaya seeds are dried in the sun or the dryer. In another embodiment of the invention, the Carica papaya seeds are milled to powder using a gauge 16 sieve.
  • the fortified cereal flour food composition comprises about 5 parts of cereal flour to 1 part of the Carica papaya seed powder.
  • a micronutrient premix supplied nutrients are added to Carica papaya seed fortified cereal flour food composition.
  • the cereal flour comprises, maize, sorghum, millet, rice, wheat, or mixtures thereof.
  • the composition can be made into the form of porridge, biscuits, powder, flour or tablet.
  • a method for use of food composition fortified with Carica papaya seed powder for treating or managing schistosomiasis comprising the steps of identifying a subject infected with schistosomiasis diseases, making porridge from cereal flour fortified with Carica papaya seed powder and administering to the subject an effective dose of the Carica papaya porridge.
  • we provide a method of making biscuits fortified with Carica papaya seed powder Comprising steps of mixing sugar and margarine in a mixing bowl and beating the mixture at medium speed till the mixture is fluffy white. Adding to this composition, flour and baking powder and mixing for at least 2 minutes, thereafter adding milk or water and a preferred essence then mixing the contents to obtain a consistency; removing the mixture from the mixing bowl and piping the mixture onto a greased baking sheet using desired nozzle shapes and baking the biscuit mixture in an oven at 180 °C for at least 25 minutes.
  • the biscuits fortified with Carica papaya seed powder are used for the treatment of schistosomasis.
  • Detailed disclosure of the invention :
  • the objective of this invention was to provide a food composition, which is fortified with Carica papaya seed powder for the treatment or management of schistosomiasis in human subjects
  • a food source with no known harmful effects, enough evidence suggests that papaya seeds can be a sustainable candidate for deworming school children. Its reduction to practice through fortifications to common foods and healing has not been demonstrated.
  • the present invention relates to a fortification strategy using Carica papaya fruit seeds to common edible cereals like maize, sorghum, millet, rice, wheat, or any other combination as mass drug administration tool against S. mansoni and other intestinal parasites in human subjects.
  • Porridge made from maize (corn) flour is one of the most prevalent traditional school meal snacks in developing countries.
  • the papaya seeds are a natural product with no additives or preservatives, and high heat stability.
  • the seeds are also readily available and affordable; furthermore, the method of treatment of schistosomiasis proposed by this invention, is not only an affordable treatment option for schistosomiasis but also provides the patient with other nutritional benefits and at the same time a filling meal for the school going children especially in resource-poor countries with adverse food scarcity.
  • the current invention discloses a method of preparing a cereal deworming porridge, as follows.
  • Carica papaya seed is extracted from whole ripe fruit; they are then washed with tap water and dried thoroughly under the sun. The dried seeds are again re-washed in 8% glacial acetic acid in a ratio of 5:8 (seeds: glacial acetic acid). The seeds and glacial acetic acid preparation are appropriately mixed and allowed to stand for 30 minutes. The seeds are then rinsed with tap water 3 to 4 times to wash off all the glacial acetic acid; they are then placed on trays and dried in a dryer. The dry seeds are then taken out from the drier. The seeds are then milled into powder, thereafter, one part of the papaya seed powder is mixed with 5 parts of the cereal flour.
  • the Carica papaya seed fortified flour is then divided into small manageable portions of preferably 10kg portions, to each of these portions, a micronutrient premix is added in the ratio of 1:400 (one part micronutrient premix to 400 parts Carica papaya seed fortified flour) and mixed well.
  • the fortified flour is then packaged and stored in a cool, dry place.
  • the components of the micronutrient premix are as described in table 1 below.
  • Vitamin A IU
  • 4162,500 Iron mg
  • Zinc (mg) 60,000 Thiamine (mg) 8000 Riboflavin (mg) 7000 Niacin (mg) 61,000 Vitamin B6 (mg)' 10,000 Folate (mg) 3000 Vitamin B12 (pg) 14,000
  • the Carica papaya seed fortified porridge, or otherwise referred to as the deworming porridge for the treatment of schistosomiasis is prepared as described below;
  • the deworming porridge is prepared by heating water to boil; the premix prepared above is then added to the boiled water in a ratio of 1:9, respectively, followed by stirring to mix, while heating.
  • the porridge is then allowed to cook for approximately 15-30 minutes.
  • the treatment of schistosomiasis infected patients using the fortified porridge is as follows;
  • Each infected schistosomiasis patient is given a capful (300ml) of the deworming porridge once a day for 30 days, which is sufficient to cure the disease.
  • the current invention also describes a method of preparing Carica papaya seed fortified biscuits for the treatment of schistosomiasis.
  • the biscuit consists of the following components: the papaya seed flour (2.25%), wheat flour (42.70%), sugar (12.15%), icing sugar (6.07%), margarine (0.10%), baking powder (0.25%), vanilla essence (or any kind of flavoring agent) (0.24%), water (or milk) (12.15%) and eggs (0.05%).
  • the biscuits are prepared as follows:
  • sugar and margarine are mixed in a mixing bowl and beat at medium speed till the mixture is fluffy white.
  • Wheat flour, Carica papaya seed powder and baking powder are added and mixed for 2 minutes, thereafter; milk or water and a preferred essence (vanilla, strawberry and etc) are added and mixed to obtain a consistency.
  • the mixture is then removed from the mixing bowl and piped onto greased baking sheet using desired nozzle shapes. Finally the mixture is baked in an oven at 180°C for a time of between 20-25 minutes or thereof
  • the papaya seed fortified porridge reduced the prevalence of S. mansoni to 19.3% (52 of 270, p ⁇ 0.001) ((Fig. 1) after 25 days of use. The prevalence, however, rebounded to 27.03% (73 of 270) (Fig. 1) after the school holidays.
  • Table 3 and figure 2 shows the distribution of intensities of infections, expressed as epg of faeces, before treatment and after follow up 1 and 2.
  • Geometric mean intensity was significantly reduced (p ⁇ p ⁇ 0.0001) from 82.2 to 17.3 epg during the 25 day intervention period in the group that consumed papaya seed fortified porridge but rebounded to 73.9 epg during follow up 2 after the school holidays (Fig. 2, Table 3).
  • Table 2 Demographics of participants at baseline- by gender
  • Figure 1 Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection before start of fortified porridge feeding (Baseline), after fortified porridge (Followup 1) and after break (Follow-up 2).
  • the provision of a method for preparing Carica papaya seed powder the provision of a new cereal flour containing a food composition which can serve as a vehicle for treatment or management of schistosomiasis and nutrient provision; the provision of a new biscuit containing a food composition which can serve as a vehicle for treatment or management of schistosomiasis; the provision of a method for treatment or management of schistosomiasis in schistosomiasis infected subjects.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)

Abstract

La schistosomiase est classée parmi les maladies tropicales négligées (NTD) dans le monde. La morbidité due au S. mansoni est la plus importante chez les enfants d'âge scolaire qui sont généralement les plus touchés par les infections. En 2001, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) a adopté une résolution pour une administration de médicament de masse (MDA) à grande échelle à l'aide d'une chimiothérapie pour administrer une cure de vermifuge aux enfants vulnérables par l'intermédiaire de programmes en milieu scolaire. Cependant, les médicaments chimiothérapeutiques ne sont pas recommandés pour les enfants de moins de 6 ans en raison de leur toxicité, malgré le fait qu'il s'agisse du groupe d'âge le plus infecté par la schistosomiase. De plus, la MDA en milieu scolaire actuelle ne considère pas la malnutrition infantile comme une maladie très commune dans les pays africains. La présente invention concerne la fabrication d'une composition alimentaire comprenant des céréales comestibles communes comme le maïs, le sorgho ou une combinaison, fortifiée avec des extraits de graine de fruit Carica papaya (C. papaya) pour former un mélange, et l'utilisation de ce mélange dans la gestion et/ou le traitement de la schistosomiase.
PCT/KE2020/050003 2020-03-11 2020-10-09 Enrichissement d'aliments au moyen de graines de carica papaya pour le traitement de la schistosomiase WO2021182647A1 (fr)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0080492A1 (fr) 1981-06-11 1983-06-08 Western Electric Co Procede de dorage.
DE202004019097U1 (de) * 2004-11-30 2006-01-12 Maria Clementine Martin Klosterfrau Vertriebsgesellschaft Mbh Zusammensetzung mit verdauungsfördernder Wirkung
WO2006004226A1 (fr) * 2004-07-06 2006-01-12 Y S Therapeutics Co Ltd Compositions pour la prevention, le traitement ou la reduction des effets du cancer, comprenant un extrait de papaye
US20070166320A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2007-07-19 Kazuo Yamazaki Agent for preventing/ameliorating diabetes and functional food for preventing/ameliorating diabetes
WO2015123480A2 (fr) 2014-02-14 2015-08-20 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Compositions et méthodes pour prévenir et/ou traiter une schistosomiase
BR102013027442A2 (pt) 2013-10-24 2015-09-01 Ultrapan Indústria E Comércio Ltda Anti-helmíntico de látex seco de carica papaya nano ou micro encapsulado e processo de obtenção de látex seco de carica papaya nano ou micro encapsulado
CA2946095A1 (fr) 2014-04-18 2015-10-22 Caricol - Digestive & Immune Health Gmbh Preparation composee de farine d'avoine et procede d'utilisation de celle-ci

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0080492A1 (fr) 1981-06-11 1983-06-08 Western Electric Co Procede de dorage.
WO2006004226A1 (fr) * 2004-07-06 2006-01-12 Y S Therapeutics Co Ltd Compositions pour la prevention, le traitement ou la reduction des effets du cancer, comprenant un extrait de papaye
US20080069907A1 (en) 2004-07-06 2008-03-20 Chikao Morimoto Compositions for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, or Amelioration Comprising Papaya Extract
US20070166320A1 (en) * 2004-08-13 2007-07-19 Kazuo Yamazaki Agent for preventing/ameliorating diabetes and functional food for preventing/ameliorating diabetes
DE202004019097U1 (de) * 2004-11-30 2006-01-12 Maria Clementine Martin Klosterfrau Vertriebsgesellschaft Mbh Zusammensetzung mit verdauungsfördernder Wirkung
BR102013027442A2 (pt) 2013-10-24 2015-09-01 Ultrapan Indústria E Comércio Ltda Anti-helmíntico de látex seco de carica papaya nano ou micro encapsulado e processo de obtenção de látex seco de carica papaya nano ou micro encapsulado
WO2015123480A2 (fr) 2014-02-14 2015-08-20 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Compositions et méthodes pour prévenir et/ou traiter une schistosomiase
US20200009099A1 (en) 2014-02-14 2020-01-09 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Compositions and methods for the prevention and/or treatment of schistosomiasis
CA2946095A1 (fr) 2014-04-18 2015-10-22 Caricol - Digestive & Immune Health Gmbh Preparation composee de farine d'avoine et procede d'utilisation de celle-ci
WO2015159157A2 (fr) * 2014-04-18 2015-10-22 Caricol - Digestive & Immune Health Gmbh Préparation composée de farine d'avoine et procédé d'utilisation de celle-ci

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
AZEVEDO L A AND CAMPAGNOL P C B: "Papaya seed flour (Carica papaya) affects the technological and sensoryquality of hamburgers", INTERNATIONAL FOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL, vol. 21, no. 6, 2014, pages 2141 - 2145, XP002802818, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://ifrj.upm.edu.my/21%20(06)%202014/12%20IFRJ%2021%20(06)%202014%20Paulo%20176.pdf> [retrieved on 20210428] *
DATABASE MEDLINE [online] US NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE (NLM), BETHESDA, MD, US; September 2018 (2018-09-01), ABDEL-LATEEF EZZAT EL-SAYED ET AL: "HPLC-ESI-MS Characterization of Certain Polyphenolic Compounds of Carica papaya L. Fruit Extracts and Evaluation of Their Potential Against Murine Schistosomiasis mansoni.", XP002802819, Database accession no. NLM29635673 *
DRUG RESEARCH SEP 2018, vol. 68, no. 9, September 2018 (2018-09-01), pages 521 - 528, ISSN: 2194-9387 *

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