WO2021182181A1 - Procédé de fabrication de cellulose sous forme de fibres, et procédé de fabrication de résine composite de cellulose sous forme de fibres - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de cellulose sous forme de fibres, et procédé de fabrication de résine composite de cellulose sous forme de fibres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021182181A1
WO2021182181A1 PCT/JP2021/007909 JP2021007909W WO2021182181A1 WO 2021182181 A1 WO2021182181 A1 WO 2021182181A1 JP 2021007909 W JP2021007909 W JP 2021007909W WO 2021182181 A1 WO2021182181 A1 WO 2021182181A1
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Prior art keywords
cellulose
resin
acid
urea
raw material
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PCT/JP2021/007909
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
貴章 今井
優 落合
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大王製紙株式会社
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Application filed by 大王製紙株式会社 filed Critical 大王製紙株式会社
Priority to EP21766996.9A priority Critical patent/EP4119725A4/fr
Priority to US17/908,451 priority patent/US20230093348A1/en
Priority to CN202180012855.4A priority patent/CN115066526B/zh
Priority to KR1020227027676A priority patent/KR20220146441A/ko
Publication of WO2021182181A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021182181A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
    • D21H11/20—Chemically or biochemically modified fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
    • C08B15/05—Derivatives containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens or sulfur
    • C08B15/06—Derivatives containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens or sulfur containing nitrogen, e.g. carbamates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
    • C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
    • D21C9/001—Modification of pulp properties
    • D21C9/002—Modification of pulp properties by chemical means; preparation of dewatered pulp, e.g. in sheet or bulk form, containing special additives
    • D21C9/005—Modification of pulp properties by chemical means; preparation of dewatered pulp, e.g. in sheet or bulk form, containing special additives organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing fibrous cellulose and a method for producing a fibrous cellulose composite resin.
  • fine fibers such as cellulose nanofibers and microfiber cellulose (microfibrillated cellulose) have been in the limelight for use as reinforcing materials for resins.
  • the fine fibers are hydrophilic while the resin is hydrophobic, there is a problem in the dispersibility of the fine fibers in order to use the fine fibers as a reinforcing material for the resin. Therefore, the present inventors have proposed to replace the hydroxyl group of the fine fiber with a carbamate group (see Patent Document 1). According to this proposal, the dispersibility of the fine fibers is improved, and thus the reinforcing effect of the resin is improved.
  • further improvement of the reinforcing effect particularly improvement of flexural modulus and bending elongation is desired, and various studies are being continued.
  • the main problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for producing fibrous cellulose having a high resin reinforcing effect and a method for producing a fibrous cellulose composite resin having high strength.
  • the focus is on the modification of fine fibers, and the introduction of a carbamate group among various modification methods such as esterification, etherification, amidation, and sulfidation. It was found that (carbamation) was excellent.
  • the present invention does not focus on the introduction of a carbamate group, but can solve the above problem by pursuing a method for producing fine fibers while conducting a number of tests on the premise of introducing a carbamate group. I learned what I could do and came up with the idea.
  • a method for producing fibrous cellulose which is characterized by the above.
  • it is a method for producing fibrous cellulose having a high resin reinforcing effect and a method for producing a fibrous cellulose composite resin having high strength.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is an example of the present invention.
  • the scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope of the present embodiment.
  • the fibrous cellulose of this embodiment (hereinafter, also referred to as “cellulose fiber”) preferably has an average fiber width of 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and a part or all of hydroxyl groups (-OH groups) are replaced with carbamate groups. ing. More preferably, the substitution rate of the carbamate group is 1.0 mmol / g or more, and the average fiber length is 0.10 mm or more. Further, by containing the fibrous cellulose and the resin, a fibrous cellulose composite resin can be obtained.
  • the method for producing fibrous cellulose includes a step of heat-treating at least one of the cellulose raw material and urea and a derivative of urea to replace a part or all of the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose raw material with a carbamate group, and a cellulose raw material. It has a step of defibrating the fiber in a range where the average fiber width is 0.1 ⁇ m or more. Then, the heat treatment is carried out under the condition that 0.001 mmol or more of organic acid ions are added to 1 g of urea and a derivative of urea.
  • a hydroxy acid such as citric acid and a hydroxy salt are used as the organic acid in a predetermined ratio.
  • the fibrous cellulose composite resin of the present embodiment contains fibrous cellulose (hereinafter, also referred to as “cellulose fiber”), a resin, and preferably an acid-modified resin.
  • cellulose fiber fibrous cellulose
  • acid-modified resin a part or all of the carbamate groups are ionically bonded to the acid group of the acid-modified resin.
  • the fibrous cellulose is a fine fiber, and is a microfiber cellulose (microfibrillated cellulose) having an average fiber diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
  • microfiber cellulose microfibrillated cellulose
  • the reinforcing effect of the resin is remarkably improved.
  • microfiber cellulose is easier to denature (carbamate) with a carbamate group than cellulose nanofibers, which are also fine fibers.
  • carbamate the cellulose raw material before it is miniaturized, and in this case, the microfiber cellulose and the cellulose nanofiber are equivalent.
  • microfiber cellulose means fibers having a larger average fiber diameter than cellulose nanofibers.
  • the average fiber diameter is, for example, 0.1 to 15 ⁇ m, preferably 0.2 to 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably more than 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m. If the average fiber diameter of the microfiber cellulose is less than 0.1 ⁇ m (less than 0.1 ⁇ m), it is no different from that of cellulose nanofibers, and the effect of improving the strength (particularly flexural modulus) of the resin may not be sufficiently obtained. .. In addition, the defibration time becomes long and a large amount of energy is required. Further, the dehydration property of the cellulose fiber slurry is deteriorated.
  • the microfiber cellulose When the dehydration property deteriorates, a large amount of energy is required for drying, and when a large amount of energy is applied for drying, the microfiber cellulose is thermally deteriorated, and the strength may decrease. On the other hand, if the average fiber diameter of the microfiber cellulose exceeds (exceeds) 15 ⁇ m, it is no different from pulp, and the reinforcing effect may not be sufficient.
  • Microfiber cellulose (fibrous cellulose) can be obtained by defibrating (refining) a cellulose raw material (hereinafter, also referred to as "raw material pulp”).
  • the raw material pulp includes, for example, wood pulp made from broadleaf trees, coniferous trees, etc., non-wood pulp made from straw, bagasse, cotton, hemp, carrot fiber, etc., recycled paper pulp made from recovered waste paper, waste paper, etc.
  • One type or two or more types can be selected and used from (DIP) and the like.
  • the above-mentioned various raw materials may be in the state of a crushed product (powder) called, for example, a cellulosic powder.
  • wood pulp as the raw material pulp.
  • wood pulp for example, one or more kinds can be selected and used from chemical pulp such as hardwood kraft pulp (LKP) and softwood kraft pulp (NKP), mechanical pulp (TMP) and the like.
  • the hardwood kraft pulp may be hardwood bleached kraft pulp, hardwood unbleached kraft pulp, or hardwood semi-bleached kraft pulp.
  • the softwood kraft pulp may be softwood bleached kraft pulp, softwood unbleached kraft pulp, or softwood semi-bleached kraft pulp.
  • thermomechanical pulp examples include stone ground pulp (SGP), pressurized stone ground pulp (PGW), refiner ground pulp (RGP), chemi-grand pulp (CGP), thermo-grand pulp (TGP), ground pulp (GP), and the like.
  • SGP stone ground pulp
  • PGW pressurized stone ground pulp
  • RGP refiner ground pulp
  • CGP chemi-grand pulp
  • TGP thermo-grand pulp
  • GP ground pulp
  • thermomechanical pulp TMP
  • CMP chemithermomechanical pulp
  • RMP refiner mechanical pulp
  • BTMP bleached thermomechanical pulp
  • the raw material pulp can be pretreated by a chemical method prior to defibration.
  • Pretreatments by chemical methods include, for example, hydrolysis of polysaccharides with acid (acid treatment), hydrolysis of polysaccharides with enzymes (enzyme treatment), swelling of polysaccharides with alkali (alkali treatment), and oxidation of polysaccharides with oxidizing agents (alkaline treatment). Oxidation treatment), reduction of polysaccharides with a reducing agent (reduction treatment), and the like can be exemplified.
  • the pretreatment by the chemical method it is preferable to carry out an enzyme treatment, and in addition, it is more preferable to carry out one or more treatments selected from an acid treatment, an alkali treatment and an oxidation treatment.
  • an enzyme treatment it is preferable to carry out one or more treatments selected from an acid treatment, an alkali treatment and an oxidation treatment.
  • the enzyme used for the enzyme treatment it is preferable to use at least one of a cellulase-based enzyme and a hemicellulase-based enzyme, and it is more preferable to use both in combination.
  • the use of these enzymes facilitates the defibration of cellulose raw materials.
  • the cellulase-based enzyme induces the decomposition of cellulose in the coexistence of water.
  • hemicellulose-based enzymes induce the decomposition of hemicellulose in the presence of water.
  • cellulase-based enzymes include the genus Trichoderma, the genus Acremonium, the genus Aspergillus, the genus Fanerochaete, the genus Trametes, and the genus Trametes. Bacteria, Humicola, filamentous fungi, Bacillus, bacteria, Schizophyllum, Streptomyces, bacteria, Pseudomonas, bacteria, etc. Enzymes can be used. These cellulase-based enzymes can be purchased as reagents or commercially available products.
  • Examples of commercially available products include cell leucine T2 (manufactured by HPI), Meicerase (manufactured by Meiji Seika), Novozyme 188 (manufactured by Novozyme), Multifect CX10L (manufactured by Genencore), and cellulase enzyme GC220 (manufactured by Genecore). Manufactured by) and the like can be exemplified.
  • EG encodedoglucanase
  • CBH cellobiohydrolase
  • hemicellulase-based enzyme for example, xylanase, which is an enzyme that decomposes xylan, mannase, which is an enzyme that decomposes mannan, and arabanase, which is an enzyme that decomposes alabang, can be used.
  • xylanase which is an enzyme that decomposes xylan
  • mannase which is an enzyme that decomposes mannan
  • arabanase which is an enzyme that decomposes alabang
  • pectinase which is an enzyme that decomposes pectin
  • Hemicellulose is a polysaccharide excluding pectins between cellulose microfibrils on the plant cell wall. Hemicellulose is diverse and varies between wood types and cell wall layers. Glucomannan is the main component in the secondary walls of softwoods, and 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan is the main component in the secondary walls of hardwoods. Therefore, when fine fibers are obtained from softwood bleached kraft pulp (NBKP), it is preferable to use mannase. Further, when fine fibers are obtained from hardwood bleached kraft pulp (LBKP), it is preferable to use xylanase.
  • NNKP softwood bleached kraft pulp
  • LLKP hardwood bleached kraft pulp
  • the amount of enzyme added to the cellulose raw material is determined by, for example, the type of enzyme, the type of wood used as the raw material (conifer or hardwood), the type of mechanical pulp, and the like.
  • the amount of the enzyme added to the cellulose raw material is preferably 0.1 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 2.5% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 2% by mass. If the amount of the enzyme added is less than 0.1% by mass, the effect of adding the enzyme may not be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, if the amount of the enzyme added exceeds 3% by mass, cellulose may be saccharified and the yield of fine fibers may decrease. In addition, there is also a problem that the improvement of the effect corresponding to the increase in the addition amount cannot be recognized.
  • the temperature during the enzyme treatment is preferably 30 to 70 ° C., more preferably 35 to 65 ° C., and particularly preferably 40 to 60 ° C., regardless of whether the cellulase-based enzyme or the hemicellulase-based enzyme is used as the enzyme. ..
  • the temperature at the time of enzyme treatment is 30 ° C. or higher, the enzyme activity is unlikely to decrease, and it is possible to prevent a long treatment time.
  • the temperature at the time of enzyme treatment is 70 ° C. or lower, inactivation of the enzyme can be prevented.
  • the enzyme treatment time is determined by, for example, the type of enzyme, the temperature of the enzyme treatment, the pH at the time of the enzyme treatment, and the like.
  • the general enzyme treatment time is 0.5 to 24 hours.
  • a method for inactivating the enzyme for example, there are a method of adding an alkaline aqueous solution (preferably pH 10 or higher, more preferably pH 11 or higher), a method of adding hot water at 80 to 100 ° C., and the like.
  • alkali treatment When alkali treatment is performed prior to defibration, some of the hydroxyl groups of hemicellulose and cellulose contained in pulp are dissociated, and the molecules are anionized, weakening the intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds and promoting the dispersion of the cellulose raw material in defibration. NS.
  • alkali used for the alkali treatment examples include sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and the like.
  • Organic alkali or the like can be used. However, from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost, it is preferable to use sodium hydroxide.
  • the water retention level of the microfiber cellulose can be lowered, the crystallinity level can be increased, and the homogeneity can be increased. In this respect, if the water retention level of the microfiber cellulose is low, dehydration is likely to occur, and the dehydration property of the cellulose fiber slurry is improved.
  • the raw material pulp is enzyme-treated, acid-treated, or oxidized, the hemicellulose and the amorphous region of cellulose that the pulp has are decomposed. As a result, the energy of defibration can be reduced, and the uniformity and dispersibility of the cellulose fibers can be improved.
  • the pretreatment reduces the aspect ratio of the microfiber cellulose, it is preferable to avoid excessive pretreatment when it is used as a reinforcing material for the resin.
  • beaters high-pressure homogenizers, homogenizers such as high-pressure homogenizers, stone mill type friction machines such as grinders and grinders, single-screw kneaders, multi-screw kneaders, kneader refiners, jet mills, etc. It can be done by beating the raw material pulp in use. However, it is preferable to use a refiner or a jet mill.
  • the average fiber length (average length of single fibers) of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 0.10 to 2.00 mm, more preferably 0.12 to 1.50 mm, and particularly preferably 0.15 to 1.00. be. If the average fiber length is less than 0.10 mm, a three-dimensional network of fibers cannot be formed, and the reinforcing effect (particularly, flexural modulus) of the composite resin may decrease. On the other hand, if the average fiber length exceeds 2.00 mm, the reinforcing effect may be insufficient because the length is the same as that of the raw material pulp.
  • the average fiber length of the cellulose raw material as a raw material for microfiber cellulose is preferably 0.50 to 5.00 mm, more preferably 1.00 to 3.00 mm, and particularly preferably 1.50 to 2.50. If the average fiber length of the cellulose raw material is less than 0.50 mm, the effect of reinforcing the resin during the defibration treatment may not be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, if the average fiber length exceeds 5.00 mm, it may be disadvantageous in terms of manufacturing cost at the time of defibration.
  • the average fiber length of microfiber cellulose can be arbitrarily adjusted by, for example, selection of raw material pulp, pretreatment, defibration, and the like.
  • the fiber length of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 0.02 mm or more, preferably 20% or more, more preferably 40% or more, and particularly preferably 60% or more. If the ratio is less than 20%, the resin reinforcing effect may not be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, the fiber length of the microfiber cellulose has no upper limit of the ratio of 0.10 mm or more, and all of them may be 0.10 mm or more.
  • the aspect ratio of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 2 to 15,000, more preferably 10 to 10,000. If the aspect ratio is less than 2, a three-dimensional network cannot be constructed, and therefore, even if the average fiber length is 0.10 mm or more, the reinforcing effect may be insufficient. On the other hand, if the aspect ratio exceeds 15,000, the entanglement of the microfiber celluloses becomes high, and the dispersion in the resin may be insufficient.
  • the fibrillation rate of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 1.0 to 30.0%, more preferably 1.5 to 20.0%, and particularly preferably 2.0 to 15.0%. If the fibrillation rate exceeds 30.0%, the contact area with water becomes too large, and even if the average fiber width can be defibrated within the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more, dehydration may become difficult. There is. On the other hand, if the fibrillation rate is lower than 1.0%, there are few hydrogen bonds between the fibrils, and there is a risk that a strong three-dimensional network cannot be formed.
  • the fibrillation rate refers to the dissociation of cellulose fibers in accordance with JIS-P-8220: 2012 "Pulp-Dissolution Method", and the obtained dissociated pulp is referred to as FiberLab. (Kajaani) means a value measured using.
  • the crystallinity of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 55% or more, and particularly preferably 60% or more. If the crystallinity is less than 50%, the mixability with pulp and cellulose nanofibers is improved, but the strength of the fibers themselves is lowered, so that the strength of the resin may not be improved. On the other hand, the crystallinity of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 95% or less, more preferably 90% or less, and particularly preferably 85% or less. When the crystallinity exceeds 95%, the ratio of strong hydrogen bonds in the molecule increases, the fiber itself becomes rigid, and the dispersibility becomes inferior.
  • microfiber cellulose The crystallinity of microfiber cellulose can be arbitrarily adjusted by, for example, selection of raw material pulp, pretreatment, and micronization treatment.
  • the pulp viscosity of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 2 cps or more, more preferably 4 cps or more. If the pulp viscosity of the microfiber cellulose is less than 2 cps, it may be difficult to suppress the aggregation of the microfiber cellulose.
  • the freeness of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 500 ml or less, more preferably 300 ml or less, and particularly preferably 100 ml or less. If the freeness of the microfiber cellulose exceeds 500 ml, the average fiber diameter of the microfiber cellulose exceeds 10 ⁇ m, and the effect of improving the strength of the resin may not be sufficiently obtained.
  • the zeta potential of the microfiber cellulose is preferably ⁇ 150 to 20 mV, more preferably -100 to 0 mV, and particularly preferably -80 to -10 mV. If the zeta potential is lower than ⁇ 150 mV, the compatibility with the resin may be significantly reduced and the reinforcing effect may be insufficient. On the other hand, if the zeta potential exceeds 20 mV, the dispersion stability may decrease.
  • the water retention of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 80 to 400%, more preferably 90 to 350%, and particularly preferably 100 to 300%. If the water retention level is less than 80%, the reinforcing effect may be insufficient because it is the same as the raw material pulp. On the other hand, when the water retention rate exceeds 400%, the dehydration property tends to be inferior and the water retention tends to be agglomerated. In this respect, the water retention of the microfiber cellulose can be lowered by substituting the hydroxy group of the fiber with a carbamate group, and the dehydration property and the drying property can be improved.
  • microfiber cellulose The water retention of microfiber cellulose can be arbitrarily adjusted by, for example, selection of raw material pulp, pretreatment, defibration, and the like.
  • Microfiber cellulose has a carbamate group. How it is supposed to have a carbamate group is not particularly limited.
  • the cellulose raw material may be carbamateized to have a carbamate group, or the microfiber cellulose (finely divided cellulose raw material) may be carbamate to have a carbamate group. ..
  • having a carbamate group means a state in which a carbamate group (ester of carbamic acid) is introduced into fibrous cellulose.
  • the carbamate group is a group represented by -O-CO-NH-, for example, a group represented by -O-CO-NH 2 , -O-CONHR, -O-CO-NR 2, and the like. That is, the carbamate group can be represented by the following structural formula (1).
  • R is independently a saturated linear hydrocarbon group, a saturated branched chain hydrocarbon group, a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated linear hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated branched chain hydrocarbon group, and the like. It is an aromatic group and at least one of these inducing groups.
  • saturated linear hydrocarbon group examples include a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group.
  • saturated branched chain hydrocarbon group examples include a branched chain alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms such as an isopropyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group and a tert-butyl group.
  • saturated cyclic hydrocarbon group examples include cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group and norbornyl group.
  • Examples of the unsaturated linear hydrocarbon group include a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as an ethenyl group, a propene-1-yl group, and a propene-3-yl group, an ethynyl group, and a propyne-1.
  • Examples thereof include a linear alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as a ⁇ yl group and a propyne-3-yl group.
  • Examples of the unsaturated branched chain hydrocarbon group include a branched chain alkenyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms such as a propene-2-yl group, a butene-2-yl group, and a butene-3-yl group, and butin-3.
  • a branched chain alkenyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms such as a propene-2-yl group, a butene-2-yl group, and a butene-3-yl group, and butin-3.
  • -A branched chain alkynyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as an yl group can be mentioned.
  • aromatic group examples include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xsilyl group, a naphthyl group and the like.
  • Examples of the inducing group include the above-mentioned saturated linear hydrocarbon group, saturated branched chain hydrocarbon group, saturated cyclic hydrocarbon group, unsaturated linear hydrocarbon group, unsaturated branched chain hydrocarbon group and aromatic group.
  • Examples thereof include a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms having one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted with a substituent (for example, a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, a halogen atom, etc.).
  • microfiber cellulose having a carbamate group in which a carbamate group is introduced, a part or all of a highly polar hydroxy group is replaced with a relatively less polar carbamate group. Therefore, the microfiber cellulose having a carbamate group has low hydrophilicity and high affinity with a resin having low polarity. As a result, the microfiber cellulose having a carbamate group is excellent in uniform dispersibility with the resin. Further, the slurry of microfiber cellulose having a carbamate group has low viscosity and good handleability.
  • the substitution rate of the carbamate group with respect to the hydroxy group of the microfiber cellulose is preferably 1.0 to 5.0 mmol / g, more preferably 1.2 to 3.0 mmol / g, and particularly preferably 1.5 to 2.0 mmol / g. g.
  • the substitution rate is 1.0 mmol / g or more, the effect of introducing the carbamate group, particularly the effect of improving the bending elongation of the resin can be surely exhibited.
  • the substitution rate exceeds 5.0 mmol / g, the cellulose fibers may not be able to maintain the shape of the fibers, and the resin reinforcing effect may not be sufficiently obtained.
  • the substitution rate of the carbamate group exceeds 2.0 mmol / g, the average fiber length of the pulp becomes short when the raw material pulp is carbamate, and as a result, the average fiber length of the microfiber cellulose becomes less than 0.1 mm. There is a risk that sufficient resin reinforcement effect cannot be obtained.
  • the carbamate group substitution rate (mmol / g) refers to the amount of substance of the carbamate group contained in 1 g of the cellulose raw material having a carbamate group.
  • the carbamate group substitution rate is determined by measuring the N atoms present in the carbamate pulp by the Kjeldahl method and calculating the carbamate rate per unit weight.
  • Cellulose is a polymer having anhydrous glucose as a structural unit, and has three hydroxy groups per structural unit.
  • ⁇ Carbamate> As described above, the point of introducing a carbamate group (carbamate formation) into microfiber cellulose (in the case of carbamate formation before defibration, a cellulose raw material. The same applies hereinafter, and is also simply referred to as “cellulose or the like”). There are a method of carbamizing the cellulose raw material and then making it finer, and a method of making the cellulose raw material finer and then making it carbamate. In this regard, in the present specification, the defibration of the cellulose raw material will be described first, and then the carbamate formation (degeneration) will be described. However, either defibration or carbamate can be done first.
  • carbamate first and then defibrate. This is because the cellulose raw material before defibration has high dehydration efficiency, and the cellulose raw material is easily defibrated by heating accompanying carbamate formation.
  • the step of carbamate-forming cellulose or the like can be mainly divided into, for example, a mixing treatment, a removal treatment, and a heat treatment.
  • the mixing treatment and the removing treatment can also be referred to as an adjustment treatment for preparing a mixture to be subjected to the heat treatment.
  • urea and the like are mixed in a dispersion medium.
  • urea or urea for example, urea, thiourea, biuret, phenylurea, benzylurea, dimethylurea, diethylurea, tetramethylurea, a compound in which the hydrogen atom of urea is replaced with an alkyl group, or the like can be used.
  • ureas and derivatives of urea can be used alone or in combination of two or more. However, it is preferable to use urea.
  • the lower limit of the mixed mass ratio of urea or the like (urea or the like / microfiber cellulose) to cellulose or the like is preferably 10/100, more preferably 20/100.
  • the upper limit is preferably 300/100, more preferably 200/100.
  • the dispersion medium is usually water. However, other dispersion media such as alcohol and ether, or a mixture of water and another dispersion medium may be used.
  • cellulose or the like and urea or the like may be added to water, cellulose or the like may be added to an aqueous solution of urea or the like, or urea or the like may be added to a slurry containing cellulose or the like. Further, in order to mix uniformly, the mixture may be stirred after the addition. Further, the dispersion liquid containing cellulose or the like and urea or the like may contain other components.
  • the dispersion medium is removed from the dispersion liquid containing cellulose and the like and urea and the like obtained in the mixing treatment.
  • urea and the like can be efficiently reacted in the subsequent heat treatment.
  • dispersion medium by volatilizing the dispersion medium by heating. According to this method, only the dispersion medium can be efficiently removed while leaving components such as urea.
  • the lower limit of the heating temperature in the removal treatment is preferably 50 ° C., more preferably 70 ° C., and particularly preferably 90 ° C.
  • the dispersion medium can be efficiently volatilized (removed) by setting the heating temperature to 50 ° C. or higher.
  • the upper limit of the heating temperature is preferably 120 ° C., more preferably 100 ° C. If the heating temperature exceeds 120 ° C., the dispersion medium reacts with urea, and urea may be decomposed independently.
  • the heating time in the removal treatment can be appropriately adjusted according to the solid content concentration of the dispersion liquid and the like. Specifically, for example, 6 to 24 hours.
  • the lower limit of the heating temperature in the heat treatment is preferably 120 ° C., more preferably 130 ° C., particularly preferably greater than or equal to the melting point of urea (about 134 ° C.), still more preferably 140 ° C., and most preferably 150 ° C.
  • the upper limit of the heating temperature is preferably 200 ° C., more preferably 180 ° C., and particularly preferably 170 ° C. If the heating temperature exceeds 200 ° C., cellulose or the like may be decomposed and the reinforcing effect may be insufficient.
  • the lower limit of the heating time in the heat treatment is preferably 1 minute, more preferably 5 minutes, particularly preferably 30 minutes, still more preferably 1 hour, and most preferably 2 hours.
  • the upper limit of the heating time is preferably 15 hours, more preferably 10 hours. If the heating time exceeds 15 hours, it is not economical and 15 hours is sufficient for carbamate formation.
  • the pH condition in the heat treatment is important.
  • the pH is preferably an alkaline condition of pH 9 or higher, more preferably pH 9 to 13, and particularly preferably pH 10 to 12. Further, the pH is preferably 7 or less, more preferably pH 3 to 7, and particularly preferably pH 4 to 7, which is an acidic condition or a neutral condition.
  • the reactivity of the cellulose fibers is enhanced, the reaction with urea or the like is promoted, and the carbamate reaction is carried out efficiently. Therefore, the average fiber length of the cellulose fibers should be sufficiently secured. Can be done.
  • the pH can be adjusted by adding an acidic compound (for example, acetic acid, citric acid, etc.) or an alkaline compound (for example, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc.) to the mixture.
  • an acidic compound for example, acetic acid, citric acid, etc.
  • an alkaline compound for example, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, etc.
  • the heat treatment for acidifying the pH is preferably carried out under the condition that 0.001 mmol or more of organic acid ions are added to 1 g of the urea and the urea derivative (total mass of the urea and the urea derivative). It is more preferable to carry out under the condition of adding 0.1 to 10.0 mmol, and particularly preferably to carry out under the condition of adding 1.0 to 5.0 mmol.
  • the organic acid By adding the organic acid, the reaction of decomposing urea or the like into isocyanic acid and ammonia proceeds, the reaction with the cellulose fiber is promoted, and the carbamate reaction is carried out efficiently.
  • the organic acid ion is less than 0.001 mmol / g, such an effect may not be exhibited.
  • the organic acid ion exceeds 10.0 mmol / g, the effect of the organic acid ion reaches a plateau, unnecessary organic acid ion remains, and the carbamate reaction by urea may be inhibited.
  • organic acid for example, citric acid, malic acid, tartrate acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, succinic acid, organic acid salts of these organic acids and the like can be used.
  • a hydroxy acid and a hydroxy salt in combination
  • citric acid and a citrate in combination.
  • urea and the like are decomposed into isocyanic acid and ammonia as described above, but this ammonia is neutralized by a hydroxy acid such as citric acid, and ammonia is reduced.
  • hydroxy acids include aliphatic hydroxy acids such as glycolic acid, lactic acid, tarthronic acid, glyceric acid, hydroxybutyric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, isocitrate, mevalonic acid, pantoic acid, and ricinolic acid, and salicylic acid.
  • Vanylic acid, aromatic hydroxy acids such as malic acid and the like can be exemplified.
  • the ratio of the hydroxy salt added to the hydroxy acid is preferably 1,000 parts by mass or less, more preferably 750 parts by mass or less, and 500 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the hydroxy acid. Is particularly preferable.
  • the hydroxy salt is meaningful in combination with a hydroxy acid, and the lower limit can be said to be more than 0 parts by mass, but preferably 10 parts by mass or more.
  • the addition of the organic acid is not specified by the concentration of the organic acid ion as described above, but the substitution rate of the carbamate group is 1.0 mmol / g or more (preferably 1.5 to 2.0 mmol / g). Therefore, it is also preferable that the average fiber length of cellulose or the like is 0.10 mm or more (preferably 0.15 to 1.00 mm). Further, it is desirable that the organic acid salt is added so that the pH in the system is within the above-mentioned pH. By satisfying such conditions, the flexural modulus and bending elongation of the fibrous cellulose composite resin are improved. If the amount of a hydroxy acid such as citric acid added is simply increased, the average fiber length of cellulose or the like may be shortened, but the combined use of the hydroxy acid and the hydroxy acid salt suppresses this possibility.
  • a hydroxy acid such as citric acid added
  • a hot air dryer for example, a paper machine, a dry pulp machine, or the like can be used.
  • the mixture after heat treatment may be washed. This cleaning may be performed with water or the like. By this washing, urea and the like remaining unreacted can be removed.
  • the microfiber cellulose is dispersed in an aqueous medium to form a dispersion liquid (slurry). It is particularly preferable that the total amount of the aqueous medium is water, but an aqueous medium which is another liquid which is partially compatible with water can also be used. As the other liquid, lower alcohols having 3 or less carbon atoms can be used.
  • the solid content concentration of the slurry is preferably 0.1 to 10.0% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by mass. If the solid content concentration is less than 0.1% by mass, excessive energy may be required for dehydration and drying. On the other hand, if the solid content concentration exceeds 10.0% by mass, the fluidity of the slurry itself is lowered, and when a dispersant is used, it may not be possible to mix uniformly.
  • the acid group ionically bonds with a part or all of the carbamate group. This ionic bond improves the reinforcing effect of the resin.
  • an acid-modified polyolefin resin for example, an acid-modified polyolefin resin, an acid-modified epoxy resin, an acid-modified styrene-based elastomer resin, or the like can be used. However, it is preferable to use an acid-modified polyolefin resin.
  • the acid-modified polyolefin resin is a copolymer of an unsaturated carboxylic acid component and a polyolefin component.
  • polystyrene resin for example, one or more of alkene polymers such as ethylene, propylene, butadiene, and isoprene can be selected and used.
  • alkene polymers such as ethylene, propylene, butadiene, and isoprene
  • polypropylene resin which is a polymer of propylene.
  • the unsaturated carboxylic acid component for example, one or more of maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, citric acid anhydride and the like can be selected and used.
  • maleic anhydrides it is preferable to use maleic anhydrides. That is, it is preferable to use a maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene resin.
  • the mixing amount of the acid-modified resin is preferably 0.1 to 1,000 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 500 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 10 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of microfiber cellulose (fibrous cellulose). It is a mass part.
  • the acid-modified resin is a maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene resin, it is preferably 1 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 100 parts by mass. If the mixed amount of the acid-modified resin is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the improvement in strength is not sufficient. On the other hand, if the mixing amount exceeds 1,000 parts by mass, it becomes excessive and the strength tends to decrease.
  • the weight average molecular weight of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene is, for example, 1,000 to 100,000, preferably 3,000 to 50,000.
  • the acid value of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene is preferably 0.5 mgKOH / g or more and 100 mgKOH / g or less, and more preferably 1 mgKOH / g or more and 50 mgKOH / g or less.
  • the MFR (melt flow rate) of the acid-modified resin is preferably 2000 g / 10 minutes (190 ° C. / 2.16 kg) or less, more preferably 1500 g / 10 minutes or less, and 500 g / 10 minutes or less. It is particularly preferable to have it. If the MFR exceeds 2000 g / 10 minutes, the dispersibility of the cellulose fibers may decrease.
  • the acid value is measured in accordance with JIS-K2501 and titrated with potassium hydroxide.
  • the MFR measurement is based on JIS-K7210, and is determined by the weight of the sample flowing out in 10 minutes with a load of 2.16 kg at 190 ° C.
  • Dispersant Cellulose feedstock or microfiber cellulose becomes more preferred when mixed with a dispersant.
  • a dispersant a compound having an amine group and / or a hydroxyl group in the aromatic and a compound having an amine group and / or a hydroxyl group in the aliphatic are preferable.
  • Examples of compounds having an amine group and / or a hydroxyl group in aromatics include aniline, toluidine, trimethylaniline, anicidin, tyramine, histamine, tryptamine, phenol, dibutylhydroxytoluene, and bisphenol A.
  • Examples of compounds having an amine group and / or a hydroxyl group in aliphatics include capryl alcohols, 2-ethylhexanols, pelargone alcohols, caprin alcohols, undecyl alcohols, lauryl alcohols, and tridecyl alcohols.
  • Myristyl alcohols pentadecyl alcohols, cetanols, stearyl alcohols, ellaidyl alcohols, oleyl alcohols, linoleil alcohols, methylamines, dimethylamines, trimethylamines, ethylamines, diethylamines, ethylenediamine , Triethanolamines, N, N-diisopropylethylamines, tetramethylethylenediamines, hexamethylenediamines, spermidins, spermins, amantazines, formic acids, acetic acids, propionic acids, butyric acids, valeric acids, Caproic acids, enanth acids, capricic acids, pelargonic acids, capric acids, lauric acids, myristic acids, palmitic acids, margaric acids, stearic acids, oleic acids, linoleic acids, linolenic acids, arachid
  • the above dispersants inhibit hydrogen bonds between cellulose fibers. Therefore, when the microfiber cellulose and the resin are kneaded, the microfiber cellulose is surely dispersed in the resin. Further, the above dispersant also has a role of improving the compatibility between the microfiber cellulose and the resin. In this respect, the dispersibility of the microfiber cellulose in the resin is improved.
  • polypropylene has a melting point of 160 ° C., so that the fibrous cellulose and the resin are kneaded at about 180 ° C.
  • a dispersant liquid
  • a masterbatch composite resin having a high concentration of microfiber cellulose
  • resins with a low melting point generally have low strength. Therefore, according to this method, the strength of the composite resin may decrease.
  • the mixing amount of the dispersant is preferably 0.1 to 1,000 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 500 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 10 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the microfiber cellulose. If the mixing amount of the dispersant is less than 0.1 parts by mass, it may be considered that the improvement of the resin strength is not sufficient. On the other hand, if the mixing amount exceeds 1,000 parts by mass, it becomes excessive and the resin strength tends to decrease.
  • the above-mentioned acid-modified resin is for improving compatibility by ionic bonding between an acid group and a carbamate group of microfiber cellulose, thereby enhancing a reinforcing effect, and because of its large molecular weight, it is easy to be compatible with a resin. , It is considered that it contributes to the improvement of strength.
  • the above-mentioned dispersant intervenes between the hydroxyl groups of the microfiber celluloses to prevent aggregation and thus improves the dispersibility in the resin, and has a smaller molecular weight than the acid-modified resin.
  • the molecular weight of the acid-modified resin is preferably 2 to 2,000 times, preferably 5 to 1,000 times, the molecular weight of the dispersant.
  • the resin powder physically intervenes between the microfiber celluloses to inhibit hydrogen bonds, thereby improving the dispersibility of the microfiber celluloses.
  • the acid-modified resin improves the compatibility by ionic bonding the acid group and the carbamate group of the microfiber cellulose, thereby enhancing the reinforcing effect.
  • the dispersant inhibits hydrogen bonds between microfiber celluloses in the same manner, but since the resin powder is in the micro order, it physically intervenes and suppresses hydrogen bonds. Therefore, although the dispersibility is lower than that of the dispersant, the resin powder itself melts into a matrix, which does not contribute to deterioration of physical properties.
  • the dispersant since the dispersant is at the molecular level and is extremely small, it has a high effect of covering the microfiber cellulose to inhibit hydrogen bonds and improving the dispersibility of the microfiber cellulose. However, it may remain in the resin and work to reduce the physical properties.
  • the mixture of fibrous cellulose, acid-modified resin, dispersant and the like can be dried and pulverized before kneading with the resin to form a powder. According to this form, it is not necessary to dry the fibrous cellulose when kneading with the resin, and the thermal efficiency is good. Further, when the dispersant is mixed in the mixture, there is a low possibility that the fibrous cellulose (microfiber cellulose) will not be redispersed even if the mixture is dried.
  • the mixture is dehydrated to dehydrate prior to drying.
  • dehydrators such as belt presses, screw presses, filter presses, twin rolls, twin wire formers, valveless filters, center disk filters, membrane treatments, and centrifuges. Can be done using.
  • the drying of the mixture is, for example, rotary kiln drying, disk drying, air flow drying, medium flow drying, spray drying, drum drying, screw conveyor drying, paddle drying, uniaxial kneading drying, multiaxial kneading drying, vacuum drying, stirring drying. It can be carried out by selectively using one type or two or more types from the above.
  • the dried mixture (dried product) is crushed into powder.
  • the pulverization of the dried product can be carried out by selecting or using one or more of, for example, a bead mill, a kneader, a disper, a twist mill, a cut mill, a hammer mill and the like.
  • the average particle size of the powder is preferably 1 to 10,000 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 5,000 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 100 to 1,000 ⁇ m. If the average particle size of the powdery substance exceeds 10,000 ⁇ m, the kneadability with the resin may be inferior. On the other hand, it is not economical because a large amount of energy is required to reduce the average particle size of the powder to less than 1 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle size of the powder can be controlled not only by controlling the degree of crushing, but also by classifying using a classifying device such as a filter or a cyclone.
  • the bulk specific gravity of the mixture (powder) is preferably 0.03 to 1.0, more preferably 0.04 to 0.9, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.8.
  • the bulk specific density exceeds 1.0, it means that the hydrogen bonds between the fibrous celluloses are stronger and it is not easy to disperse them in the resin.
  • setting the bulk specific density to less than 0.03 is disadvantageous in terms of transfer cost.
  • the bulk relative density is a value measured according to JIS K7365.
  • the water content of the mixture (powder) is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and particularly preferably 10% or less. If the water content exceeds 50%, the energy required for kneading with the resin becomes enormous, which is uneconomical.
  • the water content is a value calculated by the following formula, with the mass at the time when the sample is held at 105 ° C. for 6 hours or more at 105 ° C. and no change in mass is observed using a constant temperature dryer as the mass after drying.
  • Fiber moisture content (%) [(mass before drying-mass after drying) / mass before drying] x 100
  • the dehydrated and dried microfiber cellulose may contain a resin.
  • the resin When the resin is contained, the hydrogen bonds between the dehydrated and dried microfiber celluloses are inhibited, and the dispersibility in the resin at the time of kneading can be improved.
  • Examples of the form of the resin contained in the dehydrated / dried microfiber cellulose include powder, pellet, and sheet. However, powder (powder resin) is preferable.
  • the average particle size of the resin powder contained in the dehydrated and dried microfiber cellulose is preferably 1 to 10,000 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 5,000 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 100 to 1,000 ⁇ m. If the average particle size exceeds 10,000 ⁇ m, it may not enter the kneading device due to the large particle size. On the other hand, if the average particle size is less than 1 ⁇ m, hydrogen bonds between microfiber celluloses may not be inhibited due to the fineness.
  • the resin such as the powder resin used here may be the same type as or different from the resin (resin as the main raw material) kneaded with the microfiber cellulose, but it is preferable that the resin is the same type.
  • the resin powder having an average particle size of 1 to 10,000 ⁇ m is mixed in an aqueous dispersed state before dehydration and drying.
  • the resin powder can be uniformly dispersed between the microfiber celluloses, and the microfiber celluloses can be uniformly dispersed in the composite resin after kneading, and the strength and physical characteristics can be further improved. Can be done.
  • the powdery substance (resin reinforcing material) obtained as described above is kneaded with a resin to obtain a fibrous cellulose composite resin.
  • This kneading can be performed by, for example, a method of mixing the pellet-shaped resin and the powdered material, or a method of first melting the resin and adding the powdered material to the melted material.
  • the acid-modified resin, dispersant and the like can also be added at this stage.
  • kneading process for example, one or two or more types are selected and used from a single-screw or two-screw or more multi-screw kneader, a mixing roll, a kneader, a roll mill, a Banbury mixer, a screw press, a disperser, and the like. be able to. Among them, it is preferable to use a multi-screw kneader with two or more shafts. Two or more multi-axis kneaders with two or more axes may be used in parallel or in series.
  • the temperature of the kneading treatment is equal to or higher than the glass transition point of the resin and varies depending on the type of resin, but is preferably 80 to 280 ° C, more preferably 90 to 260 ° C, and 100 to 240 ° C. Is particularly preferable.
  • thermoplastic resin at least one of a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin can be used.
  • thermoplastic resin examples include polyolefins such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), polyester resins such as aliphatic polyester resins and aromatic polyester resins, polyacrylic resins such as polystyrene, methacrylate and acrylate, and polyamide resins.
  • polyolefins such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE)
  • polyester resins such as aliphatic polyester resins and aromatic polyester resins
  • polyacrylic resins such as polystyrene, methacrylate and acrylate
  • polyamide resins One type or two or more types can be selected and used from polycarbonate resin, polyacetal resin and the like.
  • polyester resin examples of the aliphatic polyester resin include polylactic acid and polycaprolactone, and examples of the aromatic polyester resin include polyethylene terephthalate, which are biodegradable. It is preferable to use a polyester resin having (also referred to simply as "biodegradable resin").
  • biodegradable resin for example, one or more of hydroxycarboxylic acid-based aliphatic polyester, caprolactone-based aliphatic polyester, dibasic acid polyester and the like can be selected and used.
  • hydroxycarboxylic acid-based aliphatic polyester for example, a homopolymer of a hydroxycarboxylic acid such as lactic acid, malic acid, glucose acid, or 3-hydroxybutyric acid, or at least one of these hydroxycarboxylic acids is used.
  • a homopolymer of a hydroxycarboxylic acid such as lactic acid, malic acid, glucose acid, or 3-hydroxybutyric acid, or at least one of these hydroxycarboxylic acids is used.
  • polylactic acid a polymer of lactic acid and the above-mentioned hydroxycarboxylic acid excluding lactic acid, polycaprolactone, or a polymer of at least one of the above-mentioned hydroxycarboxylic acids and caprolactone, and polylactic acid is used. It is particularly preferred to use.
  • lactic acid for example, L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid and the like can be used, and these lactic acids may be used alone or two or more kinds may be selected and used.
  • caprolactone-based aliphatic polyester for example, one or more can be selected and used from a homopolymer of polycaprolactone, a copolymer of polycaprolactone and the like and the above-mentioned hydroxycarboxylic acid, and the like. ..
  • dibasic acid polyester for example, one or more of polybutylene succinate, polyethylene succinate, polybutylene adipate and the like can be selected and used.
  • the biodegradable resin may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • thermosetting resin examples include phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, furan resin, unsaturated polyester, diallyl phthalate resin, vinyl ester resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, silicone resin, thermosetting polyimide resin and the like. Can be used. These resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the resin may preferably contain an inorganic filler in a proportion that does not interfere with thermal recycling.
  • Examples of the inorganic filler include simple substances of metal elements in Groups I to VIII of the Periodic Table, such as Fe, Na, K, Cu, Mg, Ca, Zn, Ba, Al, Ti, and silicon elements, and oxidation. Examples thereof include substances, hydroxides, carbon salts, sulfates, silicates, sulfites, and various clay minerals composed of these compounds.
  • aluminum, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium silicate, clay walastonite, glass beads, glass powder, silica sand, silica stone, quartz powder, diatomaceous earth, white carbon, glass fiber and the like are exemplified. be able to.
  • a plurality of these inorganic fillers may be contained. Further, it may be contained in used paper pulp.
  • the blending ratio of the fibrous cellulose and the resin is preferably 1 part by mass or more for the fibrous cellulose, 99 parts by mass or less for the resin, more preferably 2 parts by mass or more for the fibrous cellulose, and 98 parts by mass or less for the resin, particularly preferably.
  • the amount of fibrous cellulose is 3 parts by mass or more, and the amount of resin is 97 parts by mass or less.
  • fibrous cellulose is 50 parts by mass or less
  • resin is 50 parts by mass or more, more preferably fibrous cellulose is 40 parts by mass or less
  • resin is 60 parts by mass or more, and particularly preferably fibrous cellulose is 30 parts by mass or less.
  • the resin is 70 parts by mass or more.
  • the strength of the resin composition particularly the bending strength and the tensile elastic modulus can be remarkably improved.
  • the content ratio of the fibrous cellulose and the resin contained in the finally obtained resin composition is usually the same as the above-mentioned compounding ratio of the fibrous cellulose and the resin.
  • the difference in SP value SP MFC value -Can be an SP POL value.
  • the difference in SP value is preferably 10 to 0.1, more preferably 8 to 0.5, and particularly preferably 5-1. If the difference in SP value exceeds 10, the microfiber cellulose is not dispersed in the resin, and the reinforcing effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the difference in SP value is less than 0.1, the microfiber cellulose dissolves in the resin and does not function as a filler, so that a reinforcing effect cannot be obtained. In this respect, the smaller the difference between the SP POL value of the resin (solvent) and the SP MFC value of the microfiber cellulose (solute), the greater the reinforcing effect.
  • the solubility parameter (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 (SP value) is a measure of the intermolecular force acting between the solvent and the solute, and the closer the SP value is to the solvent and solute, the higher the solubility. ..
  • the kneaded product of fibrous cellulose and resin can be molded into a desired shape after being kneaded again if necessary.
  • the size, thickness, shape, etc. of this molding are not particularly limited, and may be, for example, sheet-shaped, pellet-shaped, powder-shaped, fibrous-shaped, or the like.
  • the temperature during the molding process is equal to or higher than the glass transition point of the resin and varies depending on the type of resin, but is, for example, 90 to 260 ° C, preferably 100 to 240 ° C.
  • Molding of the kneaded product can be performed by, for example, mold molding, injection molding, extrusion molding, hollow molding, foam molding, or the like. Further, the kneaded product may be spun into a fibrous form and mixed with the above-mentioned plant material or the like to form a mat shape or a board shape.
  • the mixed fiber can be produced by, for example, a method of simultaneously depositing with an air ray.
  • an apparatus for molding a kneaded product for example, one or two of injection molding machines, blow molding machines, hollow molding machines, blow molding machines, compression molding machines, extrusion molding machines, vacuum molding machines, pressure molding machines, and the like. More than a species can be selected and used.
  • the above molding can be performed after kneading, or the kneaded product is once cooled and made into chips by using a crusher or the like, and then the chips are put into a molding machine such as an extrusion molding machine or an injection molding machine. You can also do it.
  • a molding machine such as an extrusion molding machine or an injection molding machine. You can also do it.
  • molding is not an essential requirement of the present invention.
  • the fibrous cellulose may contain cellulose nanofibers together with microfiber cellulose.
  • Cellulose nanofibers are fine fibers like microfiber cellulose, and have a role of complementing microfiber cellulose for improving the strength of the resin.
  • the average fiber diameter (average fiber width; average diameter of single fibers) of the cellulose nanofibers is preferably 4 to 100 nm, more preferably 10 to 80 nm.
  • the fibrous cellulose may contain pulp. Pulp has a role of significantly improving the dehydration property of the cellulose fiber slurry. However, as in the case of cellulose nanofibers, it is most preferable that pulp is not blended, that is, the content is 0% by mass.
  • the resin composition includes kenaf, jute hemp, Manila hemp, sisal hemp, ganpi, sansho, ⁇ , banana, pineapple, coco palm, corn, sugar cane, bagasse, palm, papyrus, reeds, esparto, etc.
  • Fibers derived from plant materials obtained from various plants such as sisal, wheat, rice, bamboo, various coniferous trees (sugi and hinoki, etc.), broadleaf trees and cotton may be contained, and may be contained.
  • the resin composition for example, one or more selected from antistatic agents, flame retardants, antibacterial agents, colorants, radical scavengers, foaming agents, etc., within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. Can be added with. These raw materials may be added to the dispersion of fibrous cellulose, added at the time of kneading the fibrous cellulose and the resin, added to these kneaded products, or added by other methods. good. However, from the viewpoint of production efficiency, it is preferable to add it at the time of kneading the fibrous cellulose and the resin.
  • the resin composition may contain an ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer elastomer or a styrene-butadiene block copolymer as a rubber component.
  • ⁇ -olefins include butene, isobutene, pentene, hexene, methyl-pentene, octene, decene, dodecene and the like.
  • the method for measuring the average fiber diameter of fine fibers is as follows. First, 100 ml of an aqueous dispersion of fine fibers having a solid content concentration of 0.01 to 0.1% by mass is filtered through a membrane filter manufactured by Teflon (registered trademark), and the solvent is replaced once with 100 ml of ethanol and three times with 20 ml of t-butanol. do. Next, it is freeze-dried and coated with osmium to prepare a sample. This sample is observed by an electron microscope SEM image at a magnification of 3,000 to 30,000 times depending on the width of the constituent fibers.
  • the aspect ratio is a value obtained by dividing the average fiber length by the average fiber width. It is considered that the larger the aspect ratio, the more places where catching occurs, so that the reinforcing effect increases, but on the other hand, the more catching, the lower the ductility of the resin.
  • Fiber analysis The ratio of the fiber length of 0.10 mm or less, the fibrillation rate, and the average fiber length are measured by a fiber analyzer "FS5" manufactured by Valmet.
  • Crystallinity is a value measured according to JIS K 0131 (1996).
  • the pulp viscosity is a value measured according to TAPPI T 230.
  • the B-type viscosity (solid content concentration 1%) of the dispersion liquid is a value measured in accordance with "Method for measuring liquid viscosity" of JIS-Z8803 (2011).
  • the B-type viscosity is the resistance torque when the dispersion liquid is stirred, and the higher it is, the more energy is required for stirring.
  • Freeness is a value measured in accordance with JIS P8121-2 (2012).
  • a coniferous kraft pulp having a water content of 10% or less, a urea aqueous solution having a solid content concentration of 10%, and a citric acid-based chemical (20% trisodium citrate aqueous solution and / or 20% citric acid aqueous solution) are blended as shown in Table 1.
  • the mixture was mixed so as to have (solid content equivalent mass ratio).
  • the mixture was then dried at 105 ° C.
  • the reaction time was 3 hours, and the reaction temperature was 140 ° C. to obtain a carbamate-modified pulp.
  • the obtained carbamate-modified pulp was diluted with distilled water and stirred, and dehydration washing was repeated twice.
  • the washed carbamate-modified pulp was beaten with a Niagara beater for 4 hours to obtain carbamate-modified microfiber cellulose (fibrous cellulose).
  • Table 2 shows the carbamate conversion rate and the average fiber length of this carbamate-modified microfiber cellulose.
  • the carbamate-modified microfiber cellulose was used as a carbamate-modified microfiber cellulose aqueous dispersion having a solid content concentration of 2% by mass. Then, 5 g of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene and 85 g of polypropylene powder were added to 500 g of this aqueous dispersion and dried by heating at 105 ° C. to obtain a carbamate-modified microfiber cellulose-containing substance. The water content of this carbamate-modified microfiber cellulose-containing material was less than 10%. The carbamate-modified microfiber-containing material was kneaded with a twin-screw kneader under the conditions of 180 ° C.
  • This carbamate-modified microfiber cellulose composite resin was cut into a cylinder having a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 2 mm with a pelleter, and injection-molded into a rectangular parallelepiped test piece (length 59 mm, width 9.6 mm, thickness 3.8 mm) at 180 ° C. ..
  • Table 2 shows the flexural modulus and breaking strain of the molded product.
  • the flexural modulus was first examined in accordance with JIS K7171: 2008.
  • the flexural modulus of the resin itself is set to 1, and the case where the flexural modulus (magnification) of the composite resin is 1.3 times or more is set as " ⁇ ", and the case where it is less than 1.3 times is set as "x”. Indicated.
  • the breaking strain test in the bending test, when the strain until breaking of the composite resin was 9.0% or more, it was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”, and when it was less than 9.0%, it was evaluated as “x”.
  • the present invention can be used as a method for producing fibrous cellulose and a method for producing a fibrous cellulose composite resin.
  • fibrous cellulose composite resin is used for interior materials, exterior materials, structural materials, etc. of transportation equipment such as automobiles, trains, ships, and airplanes; Parts, etc .; Housings for mobile communication equipment such as mobile phones, structural materials, internal parts, etc .; Housings for portable music playback equipment, video playback equipment, printing equipment, copying equipment, sports equipment, office equipment, toys, sports equipment, etc. Structural materials, internal parts, etc .; Interior materials such as buildings and furniture, exterior materials, structural materials, etc .; Office equipment such as stationery; It is available.

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  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)

Abstract

Le procédé de fabrication de cellulose sous forme de fibres de l'invention possède : une étape au cours de laquelle une matière de départ de cellulose, et une urée et/ou un dérivé d'urée sont soumis à un traitement par chauffage, et une partie ou l'ensemble d'un groupe hydroxyle de ladite matière de départ de cellulose, est substituée par un groupe carbamate ; et une étape au cours de laquelle la matière de départ de cellulose est soumise à une fibrillation dans une plage telle que la largeur de fibres moyenne est supérieure ou égale à ０,１μｍ. Le traitement par chauffage est effectué dans des conditions telles que 0,001ｍｍｏｌe ou plus d'ions d'acide organique est ajouté pour 1g desdits urée et dérivé d'urée. En outre, la cellulose sous forme de fibres obtenue selon ce procédé et une résine sont malaxées, et une résine composite de cellulose sous forme de fibres est ainsi fabriquée. Par conséquent, l'invention permet de fournir un procédé de fabrication de cellulose sous forme de fibres présentant un effet de renforcement de résine élevé, et un procédé de fabrication de résine composite de cellulose sous forme de fibres hautement résistante.
PCT/JP2021/007909 2020-03-11 2021-03-02 Procédé de fabrication de cellulose sous forme de fibres, et procédé de fabrication de résine composite de cellulose sous forme de fibres WO2021182181A1 (fr)

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EP21766996.9A EP4119725A4 (fr) 2020-03-11 2021-03-02 Procédé de fabrication de cellulose sous forme de fibres, et procédé de fabrication de résine composite de cellulose sous forme de fibres
US17/908,451 US20230093348A1 (en) 2020-03-11 2021-03-02 Method for manufacturing fibrous cellulose and method for manufacturing fibrous cellulose composite resin
CN202180012855.4A CN115066526B (zh) 2020-03-11 2021-03-02 纤维状纤维素的制造方法和纤维状纤维素复合树脂的制造方法
KR1020227027676A KR20220146441A (ko) 2020-03-11 2021-03-02 섬유상 셀룰로오스의 제조 방법, 및 섬유상 셀룰로오스 복합 수지의 제조 방법

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JP7440574B2 (ja) * 2022-07-07 2024-02-28 大王製紙株式会社 繊維状セルロース複合樹脂
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EP4119725A1 (fr) 2023-01-18
EP4119725A4 (fr) 2024-03-27
US20230093348A1 (en) 2023-03-23
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