WO2021175274A1 - 奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物 - Google Patents

奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物 Download PDF

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WO2021175274A1
WO2021175274A1 PCT/CN2021/078978 CN2021078978W WO2021175274A1 WO 2021175274 A1 WO2021175274 A1 WO 2021175274A1 CN 2021078978 W CN2021078978 W CN 2021078978W WO 2021175274 A1 WO2021175274 A1 WO 2021175274A1
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olaparib
dissolution
weight
parts
copovidone
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PCT/CN2021/078978
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English (en)
French (fr)
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甘勇
郭仕艳
安巍
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中国科学院上海药物研究所
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Priority to US17/908,990 priority Critical patent/US20230105701A1/en
Publication of WO2021175274A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021175274A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
    • A61K31/502—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. cinnoline, phthalazine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/2027—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the technical field of olaparib preparations, and in particular, relates to an olaparib dissolution enhancing composition, a preparation method thereof and use for preparing a drug for preventing or treating tumors, and containing the olaparib Nitrile dissolution enhancing composition of the drug.
  • Olaparib the chemical name is 1-(cyclopropanoyl)-4-[5-[(3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1-phthalazinyl)methyl]-2 -Fluorobenzoyl]piperazine, the molecular formula is C 24 H 23 FN 4 O 3 , and the molecular weight is 434.46. Its capsules were approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2014, and tablets were approved for marketing by the FDA in August 2017. It was the first PARP inhibitor approved for marketing (subsequently approved by EMA, Japan, and China).
  • FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration
  • the solubility of olaparib in the physiological pH range is less than 0.2mg/ml, and the permeability is moderate. It belongs to the BCS IV drug (CN102238945B, US20170105937A1). Its ordinary formulations are directly administered and have poor absorption in the body, and their bioavailability is low. To play a therapeutic role effectively, it needs to be used after solubilization to improve oral absorption.
  • the marketed capsules use Glucire 44/14 to solubilize olaparib, but this excipient has limited solubilization ability, and the drug needs to be micronized. The process is complex and the drug in the capsule is in a suspended state.
  • the preparation only uses copovidone as the base, and it cannot be effectively dissolved without adding mannitol, which is the auxiliary drug dissolution excipient.
  • the main specification of the preparation is 150mg (the drug accounts for 24.2%), the weight of a single tablet is about 620mg, and the amount of excipients is large.
  • the preparation for patients with advanced cancer, there is a problem of swallowing difficulties, which limits the introduction of high-dose preparations.
  • the preparation patents related to olaparib solubilization and promoting oral absorption include: olaparib solid dispersion and its tablets (WO2010041051, CN102238945B), olaparib solid dispersion and its granules and tablets Tablets and capsules (CN104434809B), olaparib solid dispersion (EP3263095), olaparib solid dispersion and its granules, powders and capsules (CN106692066A), etc.
  • olaparib solid dispersion and its tablets WO2010041051, CN102238945B
  • olaparib solid dispersion and its granules and tablets Tablets and capsules
  • EP3263095 olaparib solid dispersion and its granules, powders and capsules
  • WO2010041051 and CN102248945B disclose an olaparib solid dispersion preparation.
  • the olaparib solid dispersion of this invention is prepared with copovidone as the main material.
  • the weight ratio of olaparib and copovidone is It is from 1:2 to 1:4, and the active agent accounts for 20% to 30%. Since copovidone is difficult to dissolve after crushing and tableting, it is necessary to add 14.7% by weight of mannitol drug to dissolve effectively, and the amount of excipients is large. For patients with advanced cancer, it is difficult to swallow, which limits the development of high-dose preparations.
  • CN104434809B discloses a solid dispersion of olaparib.
  • the solid dispersion of olaparib of this invention is prepared with povidone as the main material, and the ratio of olaparib to polymer ranges from 25 to 100 parts.
  • Olaparib, 50-250 parts of povidone the preparation of tablets requires the addition of disintegrating agents and a large amount of diluents, a large amount of excipients, and poor thermal stability of povidone when prepared by melt extrusion method, easy Disadvantages of degradation and blackening.
  • EP3263095 discloses a solid dispersion preparation of olaparib.
  • the solid dispersion of this invention is prepared with a hydrophilic polymer with a glass transition temperature of 40-100°C.
  • the composition of olaparib and polymer The ratio is in the range of 1:0.5 to 1:5, and the preferred range is 1:1 to 1:3, specifically Soluplus and Udtech series, which use polymers with low glass transition temperature, and the risk of drug crystallization during storage is high
  • the DSC showed an endothermic peak, and the stability of the solid dispersion was poor.
  • CN106692066A discloses a preparation method of olaparib solid dispersion and its products. This invention prepares solid dispersion by melt extrusion method, and the polymer used is povidone K30 and copovidone. The weight percentage of lapani is 5%-30%, and the weight percentage of polymer is 70%-95%. There are disadvantages of high polymer content ratio and unsuitable high temperature (200°C) extrusion of povidone.
  • the present invention has developed an olaparib dissolution enhancement composition, which can be used in conjunction with copovidone and a dissolution accelerator water-soluble cyclodextrin derivative. Increase the oral absorption of active ingredients while reducing the amount of excipients.
  • the stability of the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition of the present invention is controllable, which increases the convenience of medication for patients.
  • the synergistic use of copovidone and the dissolution enhancer in the present invention can significantly improve the dissolution behavior of the active ingredient.
  • copovidone is stronger than that of copovidone alone, and it is more stable than the dissolution enhancer alone. improve.
  • the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition and the medicine prepared therefrom of the present invention have stable dissolution behavior, can improve the bioavailability of active ingredients, and are easy to industrially produce.
  • the term “solubilization” refers to increasing the amount (dissolved amount) of the drug in the solution (including gastrointestinal digestive juice) in molecular form; and the term “enhanced dissolution” refers to enhancing the drug from a certain The ability of various formulations to dissolve into a certain medium (dissolution percentage).
  • an olaparib dissolution enhancing composition which comprises: olaparib; copovidone and a dissolution accelerator.
  • copovidone based on 100 parts by weight of olaparib, copovidone may be more than 100 parts by weight and less than 200 parts by weight, preferably 150 to 195 parts by weight, and the dissolution accelerator may be 20 to 150 parts by weight, preferably 25 to 120 parts by weight.
  • the dissolution enhancer has a compound function of increasing the solubility of the active ingredient and promoting the dissolution of the drug from the preparation.
  • the dissolution accelerator is selected from water-soluble cyclodextrin derivatives, preferably selected from methyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, sulfobutyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin and One or a combination of two or more of hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, more preferably one or a combination selected from hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin and sulfobutyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin .
  • the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition of the present invention may also contain other pharmaceutical excipients, such as surfactants, glidants, lubricants, plasticizers and the like.
  • the surfactant can further enhance the improvement of the therapeutic potential of the composition of the present invention.
  • Suitable surfactants can be selected from sodium lauryl sulfate, docusate sodium, bromotrimethylammonium bromide, benzethonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, lauric acid, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, Sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivative, polyoxyl 40 stearate, caprylic acid capric acid polyethylene glycol glyceride, polyoxyethylene stearic acid One or more of ester and poloxamer, but not limited thereto.
  • the surfactant may be 0-20 parts by weight, preferably 0-10 parts by weight, for example, may be 0.1-10 parts by weight.
  • the glidant can solve the fluidity problem of materials in industrial production.
  • Suitable glidants may be one or more selected from colloidal silica, animal or vegetable fats, and waxes, but are not limited thereto.
  • the glidant may be 0-15 parts by weight, preferably 0-10 parts by weight, for example, may be 0.1-10 parts by weight.
  • the lubricant can be selected from polyethylene glycol (e.g. molecular weight 8000 to 6000), magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, glycerol mono/dibehenate, polyethylene glycol One or more of glyceryl glycol-8-behenate and glyceryl distearate, but not limited thereto. Based on 100 parts by weight of olaparib, the lubricant may be 0-15 parts by weight, preferably 0-10 parts by weight, for example, it may be 0-5 or 0.1-5 parts by weight.
  • the plasticizer can improve the processability of the composition.
  • Suitable plasticizers may be selected from acetyl tributyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, benzyl benzoate, chlorobutanol, dextrin, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate Ethyl ester, dimethyl phthalate, glycerin, glyceryl monostearate, mineral oil, lanolin alcohol, palmitic acid, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, propylene glycol, 2-pyrrolidone, One or more of stearic acid, triacetin, tributyl citrate, triethanolamine, and triethyl citrate, but not limited thereto.
  • the amount of conventional pharmaceutical excipients such as plasticizers can be easily determined by those skilled in the art according to needs.
  • the copovidone has the function of increasing the solubility of olaparib.
  • the inventor found that olaparib cannot be effectively dissolved after tableting copovidone and olaparib (Comparative Example 2, the dissolution rate is less than 40% in 3 hours), and other pharmaceutical excipients for promoting dissolution such as mannose must be added. Alcohol can dissolve smoothly (compared to Example 1, the dissolution rate is greater than 80% in 60 minutes). Therefore, the amount of excipients in the preparation of the prior art is relatively large (the commercially available tablet weighs 620 mg in 150 mg format), which causes the tablet volume to be too large, which is unfavorable for patients to take. The development of large doses is particularly limited.
  • copovidone and the dissolution enhancer of the present invention can play a synergistic effect, not only can promote dissolution and increase dissolution stability, but also further increase the solubility of olaparib.
  • the combination of copovidone and dissolution enhancer of the present invention has stronger solubilizing ability than copovidone alone (990 ⁇ g/ml VS 780 ⁇ g/ml).
  • a dissolution enhancer alone improves the dissolution stability (accelerated 6 months dissolution stability vs accelerated 6 months dissolution significantly decreased), and can promote the olaparib in the pharmaceutical composition prepared by it in the absence of fillers/disintegrants Dissolution under the circumstances (60min dissolution is greater than 80%).
  • the olaparib dissolution enhancement composition of the present invention is beneficial to reduce the amount of auxiliary materials such as copovidone (compared to the commercially available tablet drug: copovidone ratio of 1:2.3 is reduced to less than 1:2, and the amount of copovidone is reduced 10% or more) to increase the convenience of medication for patients.
  • the supersaturated solubility of olaparib in a citrate buffer system of pH 4.0 at 37°C for 2 hours after using the copovidone and dissolution enhancer of the present invention is greater than 800 ⁇ g/ml, which is more Copovidone alone (780 ⁇ g/ml) has a stronger solubilizing ability for olaparib.
  • the supersaturated solubility of olaparib in a citrate buffer system of pH 4.0 at 37°C for 2 hours is 990 ⁇ g/ml, which is better than copovidone alone in the same proportion.
  • copovidone is combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), hypromellose (HPMC) E5 and the auxiliary materials commonly used in the field with solubilization and/or dissolution promotion effects.
  • SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
  • HPMC hypromellose
  • the copovidone of the present invention and the water-soluble cyclodextrin derivative of the dissolution enhancer can make the supersaturated solubility of olaparib Further improvement; compared with the combined use of povidone and the water-soluble cyclodextrin derivative of the dissolution enhancer to solubilize olaparib, the combined use of the copovidone of the present invention and the water-soluble cyclodextrin derivative of the dissolution enhancer is effective
  • the supersaturated solubility of olaparib is better (990.1 ⁇ g/ml vs 825.5 ⁇ g/ml), and the in vivo AUC is significantly higher than that of preparations prepared by combining povidone and a water-soluble cyclodextrin derivative of a dissolution enhancer.
  • the mixing step can be the following formulation process, for example, it can be an evaporative solvent method, including rotary evaporation, spray drying, freeze-drying and thin-film evaporation; alternatively, the solvent can be removed by low-temperature freezing followed by freeze-drying; or Use other techniques such as melt extrusion, solvent-controlled precipitation, pH-controlled precipitation, and cryogenic co-milling.
  • the medicine may be a tablet, capsule, granule, pill, powder, etc., but is not limited thereto.
  • the above-mentioned drugs can be used to prevent or treat tumors.
  • the tumors are selected from tumors with defective DNA repair functions, especially cancers associated with two or more BRCA gene mutations, such as ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, etc., and Tumors related to BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, but not limited to this.
  • an olaparib dissolution enhancing drug which comprises the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition of the present invention.
  • the olaparib dissolution enhancing drug according to the present invention is prepared using the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition of the present invention.
  • the physical stability of the olaparib drug provided by the present invention is controllable, and the dissolution will not slow down after being placed under accelerated conditions (40°C, 75% RH).
  • the dissolution enhancer is used alone and the combination
  • the stability of the formulation using the combination of povidone and the dissolution accelerator, copovidone outside the dosage range of the present invention and the dissolution accelerator is improved.
  • the dissolution-enhancing pharmaceutical composition of olaparib is placed under accelerated conditions (40°C, 75%RH) for 6 months, and the dissolution rate of the drug is consistent with that of 0 months, and the stability is good; the same proportion of excipients
  • the formulations using dissolution enhancer alone showed slow dissolution after 6 months
  • the formulations prepared by using povidone and dissolution enhancer in combination showed slow dissolution after 6 months
  • the formulation prepared by using copovidone outside the scope of the present invention and the dissolution enhancer in combination exhibits slow dissolution after being placed for 6 months.
  • the present inventors unexpectedly discovered that due to the combined use of copovidone and a dissolution enhancer, the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition of the present invention does not need to add additional fillers or disintegrants after being prepared into a tablet drug. Nitrogen can also be effectively dissolved and has good absorption in the body. Compared with existing preparations, it can reduce the amount of excipients and reduce the size of tablets, which is conducive to swallowing by patients. In addition, according to the needs of clinical large-dose administration, it can achieve a higher single drug dose.
  • the olaparib dissolution-enhancing pharmaceutical composition of the present invention does not use fillers and disintegrants, and its dissolution behavior in a pH 4.0 medium is similar to that of marketed formulations (both 150mg specification), the dissolution in 60min is greater than 80%, and the tablet weight is 500mg, which is 120mg lower than the 620mg commercially available tablet, and the tablet is greatly reduced (19% reduction), which is conducive to swallowing by patients.
  • the weight of the coated tablet is 667mg, which is equivalent to the weight of a commercially available 150mg specification tablet; the single-tablet specification is 250mg
  • the weight of the coated tablet is 883 mg, and the tablet weight is 1033 mg when converted to 250 mg according to the commercially available tablet.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can meet the needs of patients for high-dose administration and increase the convenience of patients taking medication.
  • the olaparib of the present invention dissolves when the enhanced composition is prepared into a tablet, it can be dissolved smoothly without adding fillers and disintegrants (60min dissolution rate is greater than 80%), while SDS, HPMC E5 and HPMCAS cannot effectively dissolve olaparib from the tablet (60min The dissolution rate is less than 80%).
  • the inventors unexpectedly discovered that, due to the combined use of copovidone and a dissolution enhancer, after the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition of the present invention is compressed into a tablet drug, the exposure of olaparib is further increased, and the absorption in the body is excellent.
  • Preparations prepared by co-povidone and mannitol under the conditions of commercially available tablets and high amounts of excipients, as well as the combination of povidone and dissolution enhancers under the same amount of excipients, are beneficial to further improve the utilization rate of the medicine.
  • the olaparib dissolution-enhancing pharmaceutical composition of the present invention at the same dose has a slightly higher exposure in dogs than commercially available tablets (containing copovidone and mannitol) and copovidone and mannitol.
  • the preparations prepared with mannitol are significantly higher than those prepared with povidone and cyclodextrin derivatives.
  • copovidone is used alone to prepare a solid dispersion.
  • the dissolution of olaparib is less than 50% in 60 minutes without adding mannitol; copovidone is used Tablets prepared with SDS, copovidone and HPMC E5 and copovidone and HPMCAS (without disintegrating agents or fillers), the dissolution (dissolution less than 70% in 60min) is significantly slower than the copovidone and HPMCAS of the present invention
  • Preparations prepared by combined use of dissolution enhancers dissolution greater than 80% in 60 minutes); and tablets prepared after combined use of povidone and dissolution enhancers for enhanced dissolution have significantly lower dissolution than the combined use of copovidone and dissolution enhancers of the present invention
  • the dissolution enhancement method It can be seen that the combined use of copovidone and water-soluble cyclodextrin derivatives can achieve unexpected effects.
  • the olaparib dissolution enhancing drug provided by the present invention can be a preparation suitable for transmucosal administration to patients, that is, it can be administered to the mucosa for transmembrane absorption.
  • suitable routes of administration include administration by inhalation, as well as oral, intranasal and rectal administration. Oral administration is particularly preferred.
  • the skilled person can select tablets, capsules or other preparation forms according to the route of administration. However, other routes of administration, such as parenteral, are not excluded.
  • the olaparib dissolution enhancing drug according to the present invention may be tablets, capsules, granules, pills, powders, etc., but is not limited thereto.
  • olaparib dissolution enhancing drug of the present invention can be prepared by a person skilled in the art according to the dosage form using an appropriate method in the art.
  • the olaparib dissolution-enhancing composition can be prepared according to the prescription, and then the olaparib dissolution-enhancing composition is pulverized, and then other pharmaceutical excipients are added to mix uniformly and then compressed, and then optionally, Coating is performed to obtain tablets.
  • the olaparib dissolution enhancing drug according to the present invention may further include other pharmaceutical excipients, such as lubricants, glidants, coating agents, capsule materials, etc., but are not limited thereto.
  • the other pharmaceutical excipients can be selected during the preparation process according to the preparation needs of the dosage form.
  • the coating agent can improve the taste and provide a refined appearance.
  • the coating agent may be an enteric coating agent.
  • the coating agent usually contains a polymerized film-forming material, such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, and acrylate or methacrylate copolymer, but is not limited thereto.
  • the coating agent may also include plasticizers such as polyethylene glycol, surfactants such as Tweens, and optional pigments such as titanium dioxide or iron oxide, but is not limited thereto.
  • the coating agent may also contain talc as an anti-sticking agent.
  • the olaparib dissolution enhancing drug according to the present invention may include the following components:
  • olaparib dissolution enhancing drugs include glidants, lubricants, plasticizers, sweeteners, colorants, flavors, preservatives, coating agents, capsule materials, etc., but are not limited to these .
  • the description of these other pharmaceutical excipients is the same as the foregoing content, and will not be repeated here.
  • the unit dosage form of the dissolution enhancing pharmaceutical preparation may contain 20 to 400 mg, preferably 50 to 300 mg of olaparib, but is not limited thereto.
  • the patient can be an adult or a child, but other mammals are also expected to be treated, and the expected total amount to be taken per day is 100-1400 mg based on the active ingredient.
  • the olaparib dissolution enhancing drug of the present invention can be used to prevent or treat tumors.
  • the tumors are selected from tumors with defective DNA repair functions, especially cancers associated with two or more BRCA gene mutations, such as ovaries. Cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, etc., and tumors related to BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, but not limited to these.
  • olaparib as the active ingredient refers to olaparib free base or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, such as hydrochloride, benzenesulfonate, sulfate, nitrate, camphorate and the like.
  • surfactant refers to a pharmaceutically acceptable surfactant.
  • AUC refers to the area under the drug-time curve, using its conventional meaning, that is, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 hours. AUC has a unit of concentration multiplied by time. Once the test concentration-time point is determined, the AUC can be easily calculated, for example, by a computer program or by the trapezoidal method.
  • the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition provided by the present invention and the olaparib dissolution enhancing drug prepared therefrom have the following advantages:
  • Increased dose A higher single drug dose can be achieved to meet the needs of clinical high-dose medication.
  • the source and trade name of the reagents and equipment used are indicated at the first appearance, and unless otherwise specified, the same reagents used thereafter are the same as those indicated for the first time.
  • the conventional unlabeled reagents are purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. company. Among them, olaparib refers to the free alkali bulk drug, which is provided by Shanghai Bobang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Experimental animals 12 beagle dogs, half male and half male, weighing 8-10kg.
  • the sources are all Beijing Max Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
  • the test animals were adaptively reared in the test site of the Experimental Animal Center of Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica 14 days before the test day.
  • Preparation method Co-povidone (PVP VA64, manufactured by BASF, Germany), dissolution accelerator (sulfobutyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin (manufactured by Cyclolab Ltd., Hungary), hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin (manufactured by French Bulgaria) Made by Getter), olaparib and colloidal silica (made by Evonik Industries, Germany) are mixed and extruded with a twin-screw extruder (screw diameter 11mm, Thermo Scientific) to obtain olaparib Dissolution enhancing composition.
  • PVP VA64 manufactured by BASF, Germany
  • dissolution accelerator sulfobutyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin (manufactured by Cyclolab Ltd., Hungary), hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin (manufactured by French Bulgaria) Made by Getter)
  • olaparib and colloidal silica made by Evonik Industries, Germany
  • olaparib dissolution enhancing composition prepared in this example, after pulverization, add the remaining excipients according to the prescription in Table 1 and mix them uniformly, and use a single punching tablet machine to compress each tablet into a formulation containing 150 mg of olaparib.
  • sodium stearyl fumarate is manufactured by German JRS company
  • PEG6000 is manufactured by American Dow Chemical Company.
  • olaparib dissolution enhancing composition prepared in this example, after pulverization, add the remaining excipients according to the prescription in Table 2 and mix uniformly, and use a single punch tablet machine to compress into a formulation containing 150 mg of olaparib per tablet.
  • sodium lauryl sulfate is manufactured by BASF of Germany
  • glyceryl behenate and labrasol are manufactured by Garvasia of France
  • Span 20 is manufactured by Nanjing Weir Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • Preparation method copovidone, dissolution accelerator hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, olaparib, colloidal silica, labrasol, sodium lauryl sulfate and Span 20 are mixed and extruded by twin screw Machine extruding to obtain the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition.
  • auxiliary materials sodium stearyl fumarate and glyceryl behenate
  • Table 3 auxiliary materials
  • the tablets obtained from prescription 12 were taken, and then the tablets were placed in a coating pan, and the tablets were film-coated with Opadry (manufactured by Shanghai Colorcon Coating Technology Co., Ltd.).
  • prescription 9 was compressed into preparations containing 150mg, 200mg and 250mg of olaparib per tablet, with tablet weights of 500mg, 667mg and 883mg, respectively.
  • Preparation method Mix copovidone, olaparib and colloidal silica according to the prescription in Table 4, and then extrude the powdery mixture with a twin-screw extruder to obtain the olaparib dissolution enhancement composition .
  • Preparation method Mix copovidone, olaparib and colloidal silica according to the prescription in Table 5, and then extrude the powdery mixture with a twin-screw extruder to obtain the olaparib dissolution enhancement composition .
  • olaparib dissolution enhancement composition Take the obtained olaparib dissolution enhancement composition, after crushing treatment, add other auxiliary materials according to the prescription in Table 5 and mix uniformly, and use a single punching tablet machine to compress into a preparation containing 150 mg of olaparib per tablet.
  • olaparib dissolution enhancing composition Take the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition, add the remaining excipients according to the prescription in Table 6 and mix uniformly after crushing, and use a single punching tablet machine to compress into a preparation containing 150 mg of olaparib per tablet.
  • Preparation method 1 According to the prescription in Table 7, mix hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, olaparib and colloidal silica, and then extrude the powdery mixture through a twin-screw extruder; the temperature is greater than The extrudate is still whitish and opaque at 230°C. The continued increase in temperature may affect the stability of the drug and consume a lot of energy, indicating that it is not suitable for preparation by melt extrusion.
  • olaparib dissolution enhancing composition Take the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition, add the remaining excipients according to the prescription in Table 7 and mix uniformly after pulverization, and use a single punching tablet machine to compress into a preparation containing 150 mg of olaparib per tablet.
  • olaparib dissolution enhancing composition Take the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition, add the remaining excipients according to the prescription in Table 8 and mix uniformly after pulverization, and use a single punching tablet machine to compress into a preparation containing 150 mg of olaparib per tablet.
  • olaparib dissolution enhancing composition Take the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition, add the remaining excipients according to the prescription in Table 9 and mix uniformly after pulverization, and use a single punching tablet machine to compress into a preparation containing 150 mg olaparib per tablet.
  • olaparib dissolution enhancing composition Take the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition, add the remaining excipients according to the prescription in Table 10 and mix uniformly after pulverization, and use a single punching tablet machine to compress into a preparation containing 150 mg olaparib per tablet.
  • olaparib dissolution enhancing composition Take the olaparib dissolution enhancing composition, add the remaining excipients according to the prescription in Table 11 and mix uniformly after pulverization, and use a single punching tablet machine to compress into a preparation containing 150 mg of olaparib per tablet.
  • HPLC determination conditions are:
  • copovidone Compared with using copovidone alone, the combined use of copovidone and water-soluble cyclodextrin derivatives further improves the supersaturated solubility of olaparib (>850 ⁇ g/ml VS ⁇ 780 ⁇ g/ml);
  • HPLC determination conditions are:
  • olaparib tablets prepared by using water-soluble cyclodextrin derivatives have a faster dissolution rate of olaparib in the first 60 minutes than those prepared by the combination of copovidone and water-soluble cyclodextrin derivatives, and the dissolution rate is consistent at 90 minutes.

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Abstract

一种奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物、其制备方法和用途以及包含所述奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物的药物。所述奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物包含：奥拉帕尼；共聚维酮和溶出促进剂，其中，基于100重量份的奥拉帕尼，共聚维酮为100重量份以上且小于200重量份，溶出促进剂为20至150重量份。该奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物及由其制备的药物稳定性可控，能够增加活性成分口服吸收，同时减少辅料用量，增加病人用药便利性，易于工业化生产。

Description

奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物 技术领域
本发明属于奥拉帕尼制剂技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，其制备方法及用于制备预防或治疗肿瘤的药物的用途，以及包含所述奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物的药物。
背景技术
随着WHO将肿瘤论述为一种可控制、可治愈的慢性疾病，近年来肿瘤的治疗观念已由传统的“无瘤生存”转变为“带瘤生存”，从过去过度治疗、单纯追求生存率转变到生存率与生存质量并重。“带瘤生存”使患者的生存期较传统化疗显著延长(～5-10年VS～1年)，该“慢性治疗”方式促进了患者用药方式由注射途径向方便长期使用的口服途径转变，治疗模式由毒副作用严重的传统化疗向高效、低毒的分子靶向治疗转变，开启了肿瘤治疗的新纪元。
普通的分子靶向治疗对患者无区别性用药，其副作用虽较传统化疗明显减少，但剂量限制毒性和一些特殊的不良反应仍限制了其临床应用。个体化精准治疗根据病人的基因变化、个体特征等精准使用靶向治疗药物，使得毒性更低、疗效更佳，是肿瘤治疗的未来方向。其中，PARP抑制剂利用DNA修复途径的缺陷选择性杀死肿瘤细胞(获2015年诺贝尔化学奖)，是近10年来国际上各大医药企业争相研发的抗肿瘤精准化治疗新药的典型代表。PARP抑制剂对DNA修复缺陷的广泛肿瘤具有治疗潜力，可单用于乳腺癌、卵巢癌等肿瘤，还可作为基础疗法药物与多种化疗药物、肿瘤免疫治疗药物合用。
奥拉帕尼(Olaparib)，化学名称为1-(环丙甲酰基)-4-[5-[(3,4-二氢-4-氧代-1-酞嗪基)甲基]-2-氟苯甲酰]哌嗪，分子式为C 24H 23FN 4O 3，分子量为434.46。其胶囊剂由美国食品药品管理局(FDA)于2014年12月批准上市，片剂由FDA于2017年8月批准上市，是首个获批上市的PARP抑制剂(随后获EMA、日本、中国等国批准)，在全球已上市的4款PARP抑制剂(奥拉帕尼、芦卡帕利、利拉帕利和他拉唑帕利)中具有适应症最广、脱靶效应最小、不良反应最低、市场潜力最大的优点。目前只有奥拉帕尼被FDA和CDE批准、NCCN指南推荐用于卵巢癌的一线维持治疗，2018年PARP抑制剂的市场规模接近10亿美元，奥拉帕尼占据一半以上市场份额(6.47亿美元)，其良好的疗效已在临床得到了证实。
奥拉帕尼在生理pH范围内溶解度低于0.2mg/ml，渗透性为中等，属BCS IV类药物 (CN102238945B、US20170105937A1)，其普通制剂直接给药在体内吸收差，生物利用度低，无法有效发挥治疗作用，需增溶提高口服吸收后使用。已上市胶囊剂使用Glucire 44/14对奥拉帕尼进行增溶，但该辅料增溶能力有限，需对药物进行微粉化处理，工艺复杂且胶囊中药物为混悬状态，使用大量的辅料后仍仅有限提高药物的口服吸收(生物利用度约10％-20％)，病人需口服16粒0#胶囊(日剂量800mg，50mg/粒)，用药便利性差(CN102238945B)。已上市片剂使用共聚维酮为基质聚合物(FDA Olaparib tablet Review，Reference ID：4139600)，采用热熔挤出技术将奥拉帕尼制备成固体分散体以实现增溶和促吸收，药物的生物利用度较胶囊剂有所提高，推荐日剂量为600mg，病人顺应性得到改善，但该制剂单纯使用共聚维酮为基质，若不加入辅助药物溶出的辅料甘露醇则无法有效溶出，已上市制剂主推规格为150mg(药物占比24.2％)，单片重约为620mg，辅料用量大，对癌症晚期病人而言存在吞服困难问题，从而导致高剂量制剂的推出受到限制。
可见，有必要在提高活性成分口服吸收的同时减少辅料用量，增加病人用药便利性，提供一种奥拉帕尼口服用药的改进制剂。
经专利检索，与奥拉帕尼增溶促口服吸收有关的制剂专利包括：奥拉帕尼固体分散体及其片剂(WO2010041051、CN102238945B)，奥拉帕尼固体分散体及其颗粒剂、片剂和胶囊(CN104434809B)，奥拉帕尼固体分散体(EP3263095)，奥拉帕尼固体分散体及其颗粒剂、散剂和胶囊剂(CN106692066A)等，具体如下：
1)WO2010041051、CN102248945B中公开了一种奥拉帕尼固体分散体制剂，此发明的奥拉帕尼固体分散体，以共聚维酮为主要材料制备，奥拉帕尼和共聚维酮的重量比为1：2至1：4，活性剂占比为20％至30％，由于共聚维酮粉碎压片后难以溶出，需加入14.7％重量比的甘露醇药物方可有效溶出，辅料用量大，对癌症晚期病人而言存在吞服困难问题，导致高剂量制剂的开发受到限制。
2)CN104434809B公开了一种奥拉帕尼固体分散体，此发明的奥拉帕尼固体分散体，以聚维酮为主要材料制备，奥拉帕尼和聚合物的比例范围为25-100份奥拉帕尼、50-250份聚维酮，片剂的制备需加入崩解剂和大量稀释剂，辅料用量大，且聚维酮在通过熔体挤出法制备时存在热稳定性差，易降解发黑的缺点。
3)EP3263095中公开了一种奥拉帕尼固体分散体制剂，此发明的固体分散体，以玻璃态转化温度为40-100℃的亲水性聚合物制备，奥拉帕尼和聚合物的比例范围为1:0.5至1:5，优选范围为1:1至1:3，具体为Soluplus和尤特奇系列，其使用低玻璃态转化温度的聚合物，放置过程中药物析晶风险高，在其多个实施例中40℃、75％RH 10天放置后(Eudragit E100 1:1、1:3)，DSC出现吸热峰，固体分散体稳定性差。
4)CN106692066A中公开了一种奥拉帕尼固体分散体的制备方法及其产物，此发明 通过熔体挤出法制备固体分散体，使用的聚合物为聚维酮K30和共聚维酮，奥拉帕尼重量百分比为5％-30％，聚合物重量百分比为70％-95％，存在聚合物用量比例高和聚维酮不适合高温(200℃)挤出的缺点。
上述专利检索结果可见，已有奥拉帕尼固体分散体制剂需使用大量辅料以提高药物生物利用度，大剂量给药时病人存在给药便利性问题；辅料用量少或低玻璃态转化温度聚合物制备的固体分散体存在稳定性或增溶能力有限问题。
发明内容
针对奥拉帕尼现有固体分散体制剂的改进需求，本发明开发了一种奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，其通过协同使用共聚维酮和溶出促进剂水溶性环糊精衍生物，能够增加活性成分口服吸收，同时减少辅料用量。此外，本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物稳定性可控，增加了病人用药便利性。本发明中的共聚维酮和溶出促进剂的协同使用可显著改善活性成分的溶出行为，同比例下较单独使用共聚维酮增溶能力和溶出增强能力更强，较单独使用溶出促进剂稳定性提高。本发明所述的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物及由其制备的药物具有稳定的溶出行为，可提高活性成分的生物利用度，易于工业化生产。
在本发明中，术语“增溶”指的是增加药物在溶液(包括胃肠道消化液)中以分子形式存在的量(溶解量)；而术语“溶出增强”指的是增强药物从某种制剂形式溶出到一定介质中的能力(溶出百分比)。
根据本发明的第一个方面，提供了一种奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，其包含：奥拉帕尼；共聚维酮和溶出促进剂。
本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物中，基于100重量份的奥拉帕尼，共聚维酮可以为100重量份以上且小于200重量份，优选150至195重量份，溶出促进剂可以为20至150重量份，优选25至120重量份。
所述溶出促进剂具有增加活性成分的溶解度并促进药物从制剂中溶出的复合功能。优选地，所述溶出促进剂选自水溶性环糊精衍生物，优选选自甲基-β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精、磺丁基-β-环糊精和羟丙基-γ-环糊精中的一种或两种以上的组合，更优选选自羟丙基-β-环糊精和磺丁基-β-环糊精中的一种或其组合。
本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物还可以包含其他药学辅料，例如表面活性剂、助流剂、润滑剂、增塑剂等。
所述表面活性剂可进一步增强本发明组合物的治疗潜力的提高。合适的表面活性剂可以为选自十二烷基硫酸钠、多库酯钠、溴棕三甲铵、苄索氯铵、十六烷基氯化吡啶鎓、月桂酸、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯蓖 麻油衍生物、硬脂酸聚烃氧40、辛酸癸酸聚乙二醇甘油酯、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯和泊洛沙姆中的一种或多种，但是不限于此。基于100重量份的奥拉帕尼，表面活性剂可以为0-20重量份，优选0-10重量份，例如可以为0.1-10重量份。
所述助流剂可解决工业化生产中物料的流动性问题。合适的助流剂可以为选自胶态二氧化硅、动物或植物脂肪、蜡中的一种或多种，但是不限于此。基于100重量份的奥拉帕尼，助流剂可以为0-15重量份，优选0-10重量份，例如可以为0.1-10重量份。
所述的润滑剂可以为选自聚乙二醇(例如分子量为8000至6000)、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂富马酸钠、单/双山嵛酸甘油酯、聚乙二醇-8-山嵛酸甘油酯、双硬脂酸甘油酯中的一种或多种，但是不限于此。基于100重量份的奥拉帕尼，润滑剂可以为0-15重量份，优选0-10重量份，例如可以为0-5或0.1-5重量份。
所述增塑剂可提高组合物的可加工性。合适的增塑剂可以为选自柠檬酸乙酰三丁酯、柠檬酸乙酰三乙酯、苯甲酸苄酯、三氯叔丁醇、糊精、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、甘油、单硬脂酸甘油酯、矿物油、羊毛脂醇、棕榈酸、聚乙二醇、聚乙酸邻苯二甲酸乙烯酯、丙二醇、2-吡咯烷酮、硬脂酸、三醋精、柠檬酸三丁酯、三乙醇胺和柠檬酸三乙酯中的一种或多种，但是不限于此。
对于增塑剂等常规药学辅料的用量可以由本领域技术人员根据需要容易地确定。
本发明中，所述共聚维酮具有增加奥拉帕尼溶解度的功能。但是发明人发现，将共聚维酮与奥拉帕尼压片后奥拉帕尼不能有效溶出(对比实施例2，3h溶出低于40％)，必须添加其他用于促进溶出的药学辅料例如甘露醇才可以顺利溶出(对比实施例1，60min溶出大于80％)，因此现有技术的制剂中辅料用量较大(150mg规格市售片重620mg)，导致药片体积过大，不利于患者服用，大剂量的开发尤其受到限制。发明人通过实验意外地发现，共聚维酮和本发明中的溶出促进剂共用可以起到协同作用，不但能够促进溶出和增加溶出稳定性，还进一步增加奥拉帕尼的溶解度。在奥拉帕尼和辅料重量比例相同的条件下，本发明的共聚维酮和溶出促进剂共用的组合物较单独使用共聚维酮增溶能力更强(990μg/ml VS 780μg/ml)，较单独使用溶出促进剂溶出稳定性提高(加速6个月溶出稳定VS加速6月溶出显著下降)，且可促进以其制备的药物组合物中的奥拉帕尼在无填充剂/崩解剂的情况下溶出(60min溶出大于80％)。此外，本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物有利于减少如共聚维酮等的辅料用量(较市售片药物：共聚维酮比例1:2.3降低至1:2以下，共聚维酮用量减少10％以上)，增加病人用药便利性。
实验结果表明，使用本发明所述的共聚维酮和溶出促进剂后奥拉帕尼在pH4.0的柠檬酸盐缓冲体系中37℃，2h的过饱和溶解度大于800μg/ml，同比例下较单独使用共聚维酮(780μg/ml)对奥拉帕尼增溶能力更强。特别地，在本发明的一个实施例中，奥拉帕尼在 pH4.0的柠檬酸盐缓冲体系中37℃，2h的过饱和溶解度为990μg/ml，优于同比例下单独以共聚维酮为增溶剂制备的固体分散体(780μg/ml)。
在本发明的一个实施例中，与将共聚维酮与本领域常用的具有增溶和/或溶出促进作用的辅料十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC)E5和醋酸羟丙甲纤维素琥珀酸酯(HPMCAS)复合使用制备的制剂相比，本发明所述的共聚维酮和溶出促进剂水溶性环糊精衍生物联用可使奥拉帕尼过饱和溶解度进一步提高；与聚维酮和溶出促进剂水溶性环糊精衍生物联用对奥拉帕尼增溶相比，本发明的共聚维酮和溶出促进剂水溶性环糊精衍生物联用对奥拉帕尼过饱和的溶解度提高效果更佳(990.1μg/ml VS 825.5μg/ml)，体内AUC显著高于用聚维酮和溶出促进剂水溶性环糊精衍生物联用制备的制剂。
根据本发明的第二个方面，提供了制备上述奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物的方法，包括将奥拉帕尼与共聚维酮、溶出促进剂和任选的其他药学辅料混合均匀得到均匀固体分散体的步骤。特别的，所述混合步骤可以为如下的制剂工艺，例如可以为蒸发溶剂法，包括旋转蒸发、喷雾干燥、冻干和薄膜蒸发；或者，可以通过低温冰冻接着冻干来实现除去溶剂；也可以使用其它技术，如熔体挤出、溶剂控制的沉淀、pH控制的沉淀和低温共研磨等。
根据本发明的第三个方面，提供了上述奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物用于制备药物的用途。在一些实施方式中，所述药物可以是片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂等，但是不限于此。
上述药物可以用于预防或治疗肿瘤，优选地，所述肿瘤选自具有DNA修复功能缺陷的肿瘤，特别是与两种以上BRCA基因突变相关的癌症如卵巢癌、胃癌、乳腺癌等，以及与BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变相关的肿瘤，但是不限于此。
根据本发明的第四个方面，提供了一种奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物，其包含本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物。具体而言，根据本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物使用本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物制备而成。
本发明提供的奥拉帕尼药物的物理稳定性可控，在加速条件下(40℃、75％RH)放置后不会出现溶出变慢的现象，同比例下较单独使用溶出促进剂、联合使用聚维酮和溶出促进剂、本发明用量范围外的共聚维酮和溶出促进剂联用的制剂稳定性提高。在本发明的一个实施例中，奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物组合物在加速条件下(40℃、75％RH)放置6个月后药物溶出度与0月一致，稳定性良好；相同辅料比例下，单独使用溶出促进剂的制剂放置6个月后出现溶出变慢现象；相同辅料比例下，联合使用聚维酮和溶出促进剂制备的制剂放置6个月后出现溶出变慢现象；相同辅料比例下，联合使用本发明范围外的共聚维酮和溶出促进剂制备的制剂放置6个月后出现溶出变慢现象。
本发明人意外地发现，由于共聚维酮和溶出促进剂联用，本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强 组合物在制备成片剂药物后，无需额外加入填充剂或崩解剂，奥拉帕尼也可有效溶出，且具有良好的体内吸收，较已有制剂可减少辅料的用量，减小片剂尺寸，利于病人吞咽，且根据临床大剂量给药的需求，可实现更高的单个药物剂量。在本发明的一个实施例中，本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物组合物未使用填充剂和崩解剂，在pH4.0介质中的溶出行为与已上市制剂的溶出行为相似(均为150mg规格)，60min的溶出均大于80％，且片重为500mg，较市售片620mg降低120mg，片重大大减少(减少19％)，利于病人吞咽。在本发明的一个实施例中，本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物组合物的单片规格为200mg时包衣后片重为667mg，与市售150mg规格片重相当；单片规格为250mg时包衣后片重为883mg，而按市售片折算至250mg规格时片重为1033mg，本发明的药物组合物可满足病人大剂量给药的需求，增加病人服药便利性。在本发明的一个实施例中，与本领域常用的具有增溶和/或溶出促进作用的辅料SDS、HPMC E5和HPMCAS与共聚维酮联用相比，本发明所述的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物制备成片剂时无需加入填充剂和崩解剂即可顺利溶出(60min溶出度大于80％)，而SDS、HPMC E5及HPMCAS均不能使奥拉帕尼从片剂有效溶出(60min溶出度小于80％)。
本发明人意外地发现，由于共聚维酮和溶出促进剂的联用，本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物压制成片剂药物后，奥拉帕尼的暴露量进一步增加，体内吸收优于市售片和高辅料用量下以共聚维酮和甘露醇，以及同辅料用量下聚维酮和溶出促进剂联用制备的制剂，有利于进一步提高药物的利用率。在本发明的一个实施例中，同剂量下本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物组合物在犬体内暴露量略高于市售片(含共聚维酮和甘露醇)和以共聚维酮和甘露醇制备的制剂(有显著差异)，显著高于以聚维酮和环糊精衍生物制备的制剂。
本发明人发现，对奥拉帕尼，使用本领域常用的其它水溶性辅料与共聚维酮合用溶出增强后制备的片剂无法达到本发明所述溶出促进剂和共聚维酮联用的效果。在本发明的一个实施例中，单独使用共聚维酮制备固体分散体，制备成片剂后处方中在不加入甘露醇的情况下，奥拉帕尼60min溶出低于50％；使用共聚维酮和SDS、共聚维酮和HPMC E5及共聚维酮和HPMCAS制备的片剂(未加入崩解剂或填充剂)，溶出(60min溶出低于70％)显著慢于本发明所述共聚维酮和溶出促进剂联用制备的制剂(60min溶出大于80％)；而聚维酮和溶出促进剂联用溶出增强后制备的片剂溶出也显著低于本发明的共聚维酮和溶出促进剂联用的溶出增强方式。可见，共聚维酮和水溶性环糊精衍生物的联合使用能达到令人意料不到的效果。
本发明提供的奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物可以是适合经粘膜给药于患者的制剂，即可给药于粘膜以透膜吸收。为此，合适的给药途径包括通过吸入给药，以及口服、鼻内和直肠给药。特别优选口服给药。技术人员可根据给药途径选择片剂、胶囊剂或其它制剂形式。但 是，不排除其它给药途径，例如肠道外。例如，根据本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物可以为片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、散剂等，但是不限于此。
本发明的上述奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物可以由本领域技术人员根据剂型采用本领域中的适当方法制备。例如，在片剂的情况下，可以按照处方制备奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，再将奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物粉碎处理后加入其他药学辅料混合均匀后压片，然后任选地，进行包衣得到片剂。
根据本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物还可以进一步包括其他药学辅料，例如润滑剂、助流剂、包衣剂、胶囊材料等，但是不限于此。所述其他药学辅料可以在制备过程中根据剂型制备需要选用。
包衣剂可改善味道和提供精致的外观。如果需要，包衣剂可以是肠溶包衣剂。包衣剂通常包含聚合成膜材料，例如羟丙甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素和丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物，但是不限于此。除成膜聚合物外，包衣剂还可包含增塑剂如聚乙二醇，表面活性剂例如吐温类，以及任选的颜料例如二氧化钛或铁氧化物，但是不限于此。包衣剂也可包含作为抗粘剂的滑石粉。
在一个实施方式中，总体而言，根据本发明的奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物可以包括如下组分：
Figure PCTCN2021078978-appb-000001
上述奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物中的其他药学辅料包括助流剂、润滑剂、增塑剂、甜味剂、着色剂、风味剂、防腐剂、包衣剂、胶囊材料等，但是不限于此。关于这些其他药学辅料的描述与前述内容相同，在此不再重复。
所述溶出增强药物制剂的单位剂型中可包含20至400mg，优选50至300mg的奥拉帕尼，但是不限于此。患者可以是成年人或儿童，但也预期其它哺乳动物的治疗，每天需要服用的预期总量按活性成分计为100-1400mg。
本发明的所述奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物可以用于预防或治疗肿瘤，优选地，所述肿瘤选自具有DNA修复功能缺陷的肿瘤，特别是与两种以上BRCA基因突变相关的癌症如卵巢癌、胃癌、乳腺癌等，以及与BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变相关的肿瘤，但是不限于此。
本文中的奥拉帕尼作为活性成分指的是奥拉帕尼游离碱或者其药学上可接受的盐，例如盐酸盐，苯磺酸盐，硫酸盐，硝酸盐、樟脑酸盐等。
本文所用术语“表面活性剂”是指可药用的表面活性剂。
本文所用术语“AUC”是指药时曲线下面积，使用其常规含义，即，如从0至24小时的血浆浓度-时间曲线下的面积。AUC具有浓度乘以时间的单位。一旦确定了试验浓度-时间点，即可方便的计算AUC，例如通过计算机程序或通过梯形法计算。
与已有的奥拉帕尼固体分散体制剂相比，本发明提供的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物及由其制备的奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物具有如下优点：
1)联用增效：对奥拉帕尼的增溶能力进一步增强，奥拉帕尼的过饱和溶解度和溶出稳定性较单独使用共聚维酮或溶出促进剂提升，长期放置后溶出稳定，稳定性良好，且能增加奥拉帕尼在体内的暴露量；
2)复合功能、减少辅料用量：处方中无需添加填充剂和/或崩解剂，辅料用量减少，同规格制剂较市售片尺寸小，增加病人服药便利性；
3)提升剂量：可实现更高的单个药物剂量，满足临床大剂量用药的需求。
附图说明
图1是本发明制备实施例3、对比实施例1和对比实施例2制备的各种溶出增强制剂的体外溶出曲线(n＝6)。
图2是本发明制备实施例3和对比实施例3-7制备的各种溶出增强制剂的体外溶出曲线(n＝6)。
图3是本发明制备实施例3、对比实施例3、对比实施例4和对比实施例8制备的各种溶出增强制剂0月及加速条件6月的体外溶出曲线(n＝6)。
图4是本发明制备实施例3处方9、对比实施例1和对比实施例3制备的各种溶出增强制剂及市售片在犬体内的血药浓度-时间曲线图(n＝3)。
具体实施方式
以下实施例一般性地记载了本发明典型组合物的制备方法和/或表征结果，所有的百分比均为重量百分比，除非另有指明。以下实施例是对本发明的具体说明，而不应该认为是对本发明范围的限制。在以下实施例中，未详细描述的各种过程和方法是本领域中公知的常规方法。
本发明中，所用试剂、设备的来源和商品名，均在首次出现时标明，其后所用相同试剂如无特殊说明，均与首次标明的内容相同，常规未标注试剂购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司。其中，奥拉帕尼指的是游离碱原料药，由上海博邦医药科技有限公司提供。
实验动物：比格犬12只，雌雄各半，体重8～10kg。来源均为北京玛斯生物技术有限公司。受试动物在试验日前14天均在上海药物研究所实验动物中心的试验场所进行适应性 饲养。
实施例
制备实施例1
表1
Figure PCTCN2021078978-appb-000002
制备方法：将共聚维酮(PVP VA64，德国巴斯夫公司制造)、溶出促进剂(磺丁基-β-环糊精(匈牙利Cyclolab Ltd.制造)、羟丙基-β-环糊精(法国罗盖特公司制造))、奥拉帕尼和胶态二氧化硅(德国赢创工业集团制造)混合后以双螺杆挤出机(螺杆直径11mm，Thermo Scientific公司)挤出，得到奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物。
取本实施例制得的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，粉碎处理后按照表1中的处方加入其余辅料混合均匀，采用单冲压片机压制成每片含150mg奥拉帕尼的制剂。其中硬脂富马酸钠由德国JRS公司制造)，PEG6000由美国陶氏化学公司制造。
制备实施例2
表2
Figure PCTCN2021078978-appb-000003
制备方法：将共聚维酮(PVP VA64，德国巴斯夫公司制造)、溶出促进剂(磺丁基-β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精)与奥拉帕尼溶于甲醇/丙酮＝1：4的溶剂中，挥干溶剂，得到奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物。
取本实施例制得的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，粉碎处理后按照表2中的处方加入其余辅料混合均匀，采用单冲压片机压制成每片含150mg奥拉帕尼的制剂。
制备实施例3
表3
Figure PCTCN2021078978-appb-000004
其中，十二烷基硫酸钠由德国巴斯夫公司制造，山嵛酸甘油酯和labrasol由法国嘉法狮公司制造，Span 20由南京威尔化工有限公司制造。
制备方法：将共聚维酮、溶出促进剂羟丙基-β-环糊精、奥拉帕尼、胶态二氧化硅、labrasol、十二烷基硫酸钠和Span 20混合后以双螺杆挤出机挤出，得到奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物。
取本实施例制得的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，粉碎处理后按照表3中的处方加入其余辅料(硬脂富马酸钠和山嵛酸甘油酯)混合均匀，采用单冲压片机压制成每片含150mg奥拉帕尼的制剂。其中，取处方12所得的片剂，然后将药片置于包衣锅中，用欧巴代(Opadry，上海卡乐康包衣技术有限公司制造)对药片进行薄膜包衣。其中，处方9压制成每片含150mg、200mg和250mg奥拉帕尼的制剂，片重分别为500mg、667mg和883mg。
对比实施例1
表4
成分 重量份
奥拉帕尼 75
共聚维酮 172.5
胶态二氧化硅 5.5
甘露醇 44
硬脂富马酸钠 3
制备方法：按照表4中的处方将共聚维酮、奥拉帕尼和胶态二氧化硅混合，然后将该粉末状混合物以双螺杆挤出机挤出，得到奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物。
取所得奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，粉碎处理后按照表4中的处方加入其余辅料混合均匀，采用单冲压片机压制成每片含150mg奥拉帕尼的制剂。
对比实施例2
表5
成分 重量份
奥拉帕尼 90
共聚维酮 205
胶态二氧化硅 3
硬脂富马酸钠 1.5
制备方法：按照表5中的处方将共聚维酮、奥拉帕尼和胶态二氧化硅混合，然后将该粉末状混合物以双螺杆挤出机挤出，得到奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物。
取所得奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，粉碎处理后按照表5中的处方加入其余辅料混合均匀，采用单冲压片机压制成每片含150mg奥拉帕尼的制剂。
对比实施例3
表6
成分 重量份
奥拉帕尼 90
聚维酮K25 160.5
羟丙基-β-环糊精 45
胶态二氧化硅 3
硬脂富马酸钠 1.5
制备方法：按照表6中的处方将聚维酮、奥拉帕尼和胶态二氧化硅混溶于甲醇/丙酮＝1：4的溶剂，然后将该溶剂挥干，得到奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物。
取奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，粉碎处理后按照表6中的处方加入其余辅料混合均匀，采用单冲压片机压制成每片含150mg奥拉帕尼的制剂。
对比实施例4
表7
成分 重量份
奥拉帕尼 90
羟丙基-β-环糊精 205.5
胶态二氧化硅 3
硬脂富马酸钠 1.5
制备方法1：按照表7中的处方将羟丙基-β-环糊精、奥拉帕尼和胶态二氧化硅混合，然后将该粉末状混合物经双螺杆挤出机挤出；温度大于230℃时挤出物仍发白，呈不透明状，温度继续提升可能会对药物稳定性产生影响且能耗较大，说明不适合通过熔体挤出法制备。
制备方法2：按照表7中的处方将羟丙基-β-环糊精和奥拉帕尼溶于甲醇/丙酮＝1：4的溶剂中，然后将该溶剂挥干，得到奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物。
取奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，粉碎处理后按照表7中的处方加入其余辅料混合均匀，采用单冲压片机压制成每片含150mg奥拉帕尼的制剂。
对比实施例5
表8
成分 重量份
奥拉帕尼 90
共聚维酮 190.5
SDS 15
胶态二氧化硅 3
硬脂富马酸钠 1.5
制备方法：按照表8中的处方将共聚维酮、奥拉帕尼和十二烷基硫酸钠溶于甲醇/丙酮＝1：4的溶剂中，然后将该溶剂挥干，得到奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物。
取奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，粉碎处理后按照表8中的处方加入其余辅料混合均匀，采用单冲压片机压制成每片含150mg奥拉帕尼的制剂。
对比实施例6
表9
成分 重量份
奥拉帕尼 90
共聚维酮 160.5
HPMC E5 45
胶态二氧化硅 3
硬脂富马酸钠 1.5
制备方法：按照表9中的处方将共聚维酮、HPMC E5(美国陶氏化学公司制造)和奥拉帕尼溶于甲醇/丙酮＝1：4的溶剂中，然后将该溶剂挥干，得到奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物(由于采用熔体挤出法200℃以上，物料颜色显著加深，发生降解，只能采用溶剂法制备)。
取奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，粉碎处理后按照表9中的处方加入其余辅料混合均匀，采用单冲压片机压制成每片含150mg奥拉帕尼的制剂。
对比实施例7
表10
成分 重量份
奥拉帕尼 90
羟丙基-β-环糊精 160.5
HPMCAS 45
胶态二氧化硅 3
硬脂富马酸钠 1.5
制备方法：按照表10中的处方将羟丙基-β-环糊精、HPMCAS(日本信越化学株式会社制造)和奥拉帕尼溶于甲醇/二氯甲烷＝1：1的溶剂中，然后将该溶剂挥干，得到奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物。
取奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，粉碎处理后按照表10中的处方加入其余辅料混合均匀，采用单冲压片机压制成每片含150mg奥拉帕尼的制剂。
对比实施例8
表11
成分 重量份
奥拉帕尼 90
共聚维酮 43.5
羟丙基-β-环糊精 162
胶态二氧化硅 3
硬脂富马酸钠 1.5
制备方法：按照表11中的处方将共聚维酮、奥拉帕尼和胶态二氧化硅混溶于甲醇/丙酮＝1：4的溶剂，然后将该溶剂挥干，得到奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物。
取奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，粉碎处理后按照表11中的处方加入其余辅料混合均匀，采用单冲压片机压制成每片含150mg奥拉帕尼的制剂。
实验实施例
实验实施例1
溶解度实验
以相当于奥拉帕尼10mg的量分别取制备实施例1-3和对比实施例1-8制得的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物和奥拉帕尼原料药(游离碱)在37℃条件下，以5ml pH 4.0的缓冲液(21g柠檬酸/L：71.63g磷酸氢二钠/L＝61.45:38.55)为溶剂于100rpm摇床振摇2h后取样、离心过滤后以HPLC法测定过饱和溶解度，平行操作2份取平均值，结果见表12。
HPLC测定条件为：
装置：带有UV检测器的液相色谱仪；
色谱柱：Waters Sunfire C18，4.6mm*50mm
洗脱剂：A：0.1％TFA在水中 B：0.1％TFA在乙腈中；
Figure PCTCN2021078978-appb-000005
流速：1ml/min；温度：40℃；波长：276nm；注射体积：10μl；
表12各处方奥拉帕尼过饱和溶解度测定结果
Figure PCTCN2021078978-appb-000006
由结果可见：
①与原料相比，共聚维酮和水溶性环糊精衍生物联用使奥拉帕尼过饱和溶解度显著提高；
②与单独使用共聚维酮相比，共聚维酮和水溶性环糊精衍生物联用使奥拉帕尼过饱和溶解度进一步提高(>850μg/ml VS～780μg/ml)；
③与对药物具有溶出增强作用的常用辅料SDS和具有增溶作用的常用辅料HPMC E5和HPMCAS与共聚维酮联用相比，溶出促进剂水溶性环糊精衍生物和共聚维酮联用可使奥拉帕尼过饱和溶解度进一步提高；
④与单独使用水溶性环糊精衍生物相比，在奥拉帕尼和辅料用量比例相同的情况下，共聚维酮和水溶性环糊精衍生物联用对奥拉帕尼溶出增强作用相当，但是具有更好的稳定性；
⑤与聚维酮和水溶性环糊精衍生物联用相比，共聚维酮和水溶性环糊精衍生物联用对奥拉帕尼过饱和溶解度的提高效果更佳(990.1μg/ml VS 825.5μg/ml)。
实验实施例2
溶出度实验
对制备实施例1-3和对比实施例1-7制得的制剂按以下溶出度测定方法测定溶出行为。
采用溶出度测定法(中国药典2015年版四部通则0931)第三法装置测定所得片剂的溶出度(150mg规格)，37℃条件下，以pH 4.0的缓冲液(21g柠檬酸/L：71.63g磷酸氢二钠/L＝61.45:38.55)250ml为释放介质，溶出仪转速为每分钟50转，依法操作，经15、30、 60、90、120、180min取溶液2mL，离心，取上清液以乙腈-水(1:1)溶液为溶剂稀释一倍作为供试品溶液，以HPLC法测定溶出度，平行操作6份。
HPLC测定条件为：
装置：带有UV检测器的液相色谱仪；
色谱柱：Waters Sunfire C18，4.6mm*50mm
洗脱剂：A：0.1％TFA在水中 B：0.1％TFA在乙腈中；
Figure PCTCN2021078978-appb-000007
流速：1ml/min；温度：40℃；波长：276nm；注射体积：10μl；
溶出度测定结果见图1-图2。结果显示：
①处方9-处方12中的奥拉帕尼在60min的溶出度大于80％，与对比实施例1中加入14.7％甘露醇的处方溶出一致，表明本发明的片剂无需加入填充剂和崩解剂药物即可有效溶出；
②单独使用共聚维酮制备的固体分散体，制备成片剂后处方中不加入甘露醇奥拉帕尼无法有效溶出；
③聚维酮和溶出促进剂水溶性环糊精衍生物、共聚维酮和SDS、共聚维酮和HPMC E5及共聚维酮和HPMCAS联用制备的奥拉帕尼片剂(未加入崩解剂或填充剂)，溶出显著慢于共聚维酮和溶出促进剂水溶性环糊精衍生物的联用制备的制剂；
④使用水溶性环糊精衍生物制备的奥拉帕尼片剂，前60min奥拉帕尼溶出速度快于共聚维酮和水溶性环糊精衍生物联用制备的制剂，90min时溶出一致。
实验实施例3
稳定性研究
将本发明制备实施例3、对比实施例3、对比实施例4和对比实施例8制备的奥拉帕尼固体制剂于40±2℃，75％±5％RH加速条件下放置6个月后采用实验实施例1所述的条件测定药物的溶出行为(n＝6)，并绘制溶出曲线(见图3)。
由结果可见，与对比实施例3的聚维酮和水溶性环糊精衍生物联用制备的奥拉帕尼固 体制剂、对比实施例4的单独使用水溶性环糊精衍生物制备的奥拉帕尼固体制剂和对比实施例8的非本发明优选共聚维酮和水溶性环糊精衍生物比例联用制备的奥拉帕尼固体制剂相比，本发明制备实施例3制备的奥拉帕尼固体制剂显著提高了奥拉帕尼的溶出稳定性。
实验实施例4
药代动力学研究
取制备实施例3处方9的制剂、市售片剂(150mg规格，
Figure PCTCN2021078978-appb-000008
德国艾伯维制造)、对比实施例1和对比实施例3的制剂(150mg规格)分别给药于空腹比格犬(n＝3)，用50mL水分别送服，给药后在0h、0.5h、1h、2h、4h、6h、8h、10h、12h、24h时间点取血，血样在4℃条件下，以4000rpm，离心10min，取上层血浆，用于LC-MS的血药浓度检测，结果见图4和表12。
由药时曲线图4和表12结果可见，相对于市售片、对比实施例1(共聚维酮和甘露醇)和对比实施例3(聚维酮和水溶性环糊精衍生物)，制备实施例3处方9的制剂的AUC显著提高(处方9的AUC较市售高25.9％、较对比实施例1高38.4％、较对比实施例3高156.7％)，处方9的制剂无需额外加入甘露醇促进药物溶出，辅料用量较市售片和对比实施例1减少100mg以上，处方9的制剂利用病人吞咽；同时为药物剂量爬坡和最佳药效的发挥提供了更大的剂量空间。
表12不同制剂给药后犬体内药代动力学参数(n＝3)
制剂 C max(μg/ml) AUC (0-24h)(μg·h/ml) 相对生物利用度(％)
制备实施例3处方9 15.93±1.87 120.67±8.65 125.9％
市售奥拉帕尼片 14.35±1.22 95.83±6.73 * 100.0％
对比实施例1 14.00±1.20 87.22±6.04 * 91.0％
对比实施例3 8.67±1.32 * 47.0±3.91 * 49.0％
备注： *与制备实施例3处方9的C max和AUC相比，经统计学计算，P<0.05。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，其包含：奥拉帕尼；共聚维酮和溶出促进剂；
    其中，在所述奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物中，基于100重量份的奥拉帕尼，共聚维酮为100重量份以上且小于200重量份，优选150至195重量份，溶出促进剂为20至150重量份，优选25至120重量份。
  2. 权利要求1所述的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，其中，所述溶出促进剂选自水溶性环糊精衍生物，优选选自甲基-β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精、磺丁基-β-环糊精和羟丙基-γ-环糊精中的一种或两种以上的组合，更优选选自羟丙基-β-环糊精和磺丁基-β-环糊精中的一种或其组合。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物，其还包含其他药学辅料，所述其他药学辅料选自表面活性剂、助流剂、润滑剂、增塑剂，
    优选地，所述表面活性剂为选自十二烷基硫酸钠、多库酯钠、溴棕三甲铵、苄索氯铵、十六烷基氯化吡啶鎓、月桂酸、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油衍生物、硬脂酸聚烃氧40、辛酸癸酸聚乙二醇甘油酯、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯和泊洛沙姆中的一种或多种；
    优选地，基于100重量份的奥拉帕尼，表面活性剂为0-20重量份，优选0-10重量份；
    优选地，所述助流剂为选自胶态二氧化硅、动物或植物脂肪、蜡中的一种或多种；
    优选地，基于100重量份的奥拉帕尼，助流剂为0-15重量份，优选0-10重量份；
    优选地，所述润滑剂为选自聚乙二醇、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、硬脂富马酸钠、单/双山嵛酸甘油酯、聚乙二醇-8-山嵛酸甘油酯、双硬脂酸甘油酯中的一种或多种；
    优选地，基于100重量份的奥拉帕尼，润滑剂为0-15重量份，优选0-10重量份。
  4. 一种制备权利要求1-3中任一项所述的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物的方法，其包括将奥拉帕尼与共聚维酮、溶出促进剂和任选的其他药学辅料混合均匀得到均匀分散体的步骤。
  5. 权利要求1-3中任一项所述的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物用于制备药物的用途。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的用途，其中，所述药物是用于预防或治疗肿瘤的药物，优选地，所述肿瘤选自具有DNA修复功能缺陷的肿瘤，特别是与两种以上的BRCA基因突变相关的癌症如卵巢癌、胃癌、乳腺癌，以及与BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变相关的肿瘤。
  7. 一种奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物，其包含权利要求1-3中任一项所述的奥拉帕尼溶出增强组合物。
  8. 权利要求7所述的奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物，其进一步包括其他药学辅料，其中，所述其他药学辅料为选自润滑剂、助流剂、包衣剂中的一种或多种。
  9. 权利要求7所述的奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物，其是适合经粘膜给药于患者的制剂，特别是片剂。
  10. 权利要求7所述的奥拉帕尼溶出增强药物，其为用于预防或治疗肿瘤的药物组合物，优选地，所述肿瘤选自具有DNA修复功能缺陷的肿瘤，特别是与两种以上的BRCA基因突变相关的癌症如卵巢癌、胃癌、乳腺癌，以及与BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变相关的肿瘤。
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