WO2021168869A1

WO2021168869A1 - Ridge waveguide slot array antenna

Info

Publication number: WO2021168869A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/077371
Authority: WO
Inventors: 刘锦霖; 何仲夏; 陈国胜
Original assignee: 盛纬伦(深圳)通信技术有限公司
Priority date: 2020-02-24
Filing date: 2020-03-01
Publication date: 2021-09-02
Also published as: CN111129763A

Abstract

The present invention provides a ridge waveguide slot array antenna. The ridge waveguide slot array antenna consists of a radiation layer, a coupling layer, and a feed layer from top to bottom; the feed layer distributes a received electromagnetic wave signal and transmit same to the coupling layer; the coupling layer performs coupling processing on the electromagnetic wave signal and then transmits the signal to the radiation layer for radiation; a crisscross-shaped high-impedance surface is provided on the radiation layer, so that an electromagnetic wave suppression structure is formed, and the loss of electromagnetic waves is reduced. The feed layer uses a ridge slot and waveguide cavity layered processing mode, is low in processing difficulty, and performs vertical feed by means of a WR-12 standard rectangular waveguide interface, thereby improving the gain and efficiency of the antenna.

Description

Ridge waveguide slot array antenna

Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of antennas, and particularly relates to a slot array antenna.

Background technique

The current microwave band, especially the frequency band below 6GHz, has become saturated. However, future-oriented wireless and mobile communication systems have higher requirements for communication rates, such as downloading speeds of up to 1Gbps, so they can provide higher bandwidth. The millimeter wave band has become a new target, and its frequency range is between 30GHz-300GHz. However, the core obstacle encountered in millimeter wave technology so far is that its oxygen attenuation or water attenuation is relatively serious, and the distance of millimeter wave communication will be limited accordingly. Therefore, the development of high-gain antennas has become a millimeter wave communication system. Technical difficulties in

Traditional high-gain antennas include reflectors and array antennas. Considering the small size of base stations in future wireless and mobile communication systems, thick reflector antennas are obviously not suitable for use as terminals for millimeter wave communication systems. On the contrary, slot array antennas with high radiation efficiency have become the only choice for fronthaul communication and backhaul communication in future wireless communication systems.

In traditional airborne communication and microwave detection systems for satellite communication applications, slot array antennas have obvious disadvantages. For example, although rectangular waveguides have low loss characteristics, they are tightly combined with multilayer metals in millimeter wave applications. The requirements for performance, processing error, etc. are too high, and there is electromagnetic wave leakage between metal veneers during assembly. The existing multi-layer metal sheet lamination technology on the market largely solves the problem of poor stability of the rectangular waveguide, but the processing cost of the multi-layer metal sheet lamination technology is extremely high and is not suitable for mass industrial production.

technical problem

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a slot array antenna with low design complexity, good radiation effect, and low processing cost.

Technical solutions

In order to solve the above shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a ridge waveguide slot array antenna based on a high impedance surface. The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

A ridge waveguide slot array antenna is composed of a radiating layer, a coupling layer, and a feeding layer from top to bottom. The feeding layer distributes received electromagnetic wave signals and transmits them to the coupling layer for coupling. The layer couples the electromagnetic wave signal and transmits it to the radiation layer for radiation.

Further, the radiation layer further includes a radiation opening, a radiation cavity, a coupling layer cavity, and a radiation unit that are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.

Further, the distance between two adjacent radiation units of the radiation layer is 0.84 times the electromagnetic wave wavelength.

Further, a cuboid metal block is provided directly below the radiation unit of the radiation layer to increase the bandwidth.

Further, the coupling layer further includes a plurality of coupling ports.

Further, the operating frequency of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna is 30 GHz to 220 GHz.

Further, the feeding layer further includes a high-impedance surface-based ridge transmission line, a WR-12 standard waveguide port and a bottom plate arranged in order from top to bottom.

Further, the feeding layer is fed in a full parallel mode.

Further, the feed layer is provided with a T-shaped power divider, and the power divider transmits the electromagnetic wave signal from the T-shaped power divider to the coupling layer.

Further, the feeding layer adopts a magnetic field to excite the coupling layer at the end.

Further, both the upper surface and the lower surface of the feeding layer are provided with cross-shaped high-impedance surfaces.

Beneficial effect

Using the high-impedance surface-based ridge waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention, the ridge waveguide slot array antenna using high-impedance surface transmission lines is assembled in a layered manner in the millimeter wave frequency band from 30 GHz to 220 GHz, and the antenna radiation effect is good. The processing cost is low and the competitiveness is strong in the market.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1: The overall structure diagram of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention.

Figure 2: A perspective view of the sub-array of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention.

Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the backside of the radiating layer of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention.

Fig. 4: The front view of the coupling layer of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention.

Figure 5: A perspective view of the feed layer of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention.

Fig. 6: The power divider of the feed layer of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention.

Figure 7: Schematic diagram of the WR-12 interface of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention.

Figure 8: The directional radiation pattern of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention.

Figure 9: Gain performance diagram of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention.

Figure 10: The standing wave performance diagram of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention.

Icon label description:

1: Radiation layer;

2: Coupling layer;

3: Feeding layer;

101: Radiation port

102: Radiation cavity;

103: Coupling layer cavity;

201: coupling port;

301: Ridged transmission line based on high impedance surface;

302: WR-12 standard waveguide port;

303: Bottom plate.

The best mode of the present invention

In order to solve the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a ridge waveguide slot array antenna, and uses a cross-shaped high impedance surface to form an electromagnetic wave suppression structure. The high impedance surface suppression structure is used in the feed of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna. In the transmission line, the loss of electromagnetic waves can be reduced, and the gain and efficiency of the antenna can be improved.

Please refer to Figure 1 for the overall structure of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna. The ridge waveguide slot array antenna is composed of a radiating layer 1, a coupling layer 2 and a feeding layer 3 from top to bottom. The feeding layer 3 adopts the WR-12 standard. The rectangular waveguide interface provides electromagnetic signals vertically and adopts full parallel feeding. The electromagnetic wave signals are transmitted to the coupling layer 2 by the five-stage T-type power splitter. The upper and lower surfaces of the feeding layer 3 are both distributed with cross-shaped crosses. The high-impedance surface is used to suppress the leakage of electromagnetic waves, so as to avoid vacuum welding or diffusion welding processing methods that require good electrical contact. The design cost is controllable and the test effect is good.

In particular, the feeding layer 3 adopts a layered processing method of ridge and waveguide cavity. The ridge waveguide slot array antenna is fed vertically through the WR-12 standard rectangular waveguide interface, and the phase of the electromagnetic wave signal at the output end has a phase difference of 180 degrees. Then the entire antenna array is designed with mirror symmetry for phase cancellation.

Please refer to Figure 2 ridge waveguide slot array antenna sub-array perspective view and Figure 7 ridge waveguide slot array antenna feed layer WR-12 interface schematic diagram, Figure 2 is a perspective view of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna of Figure 1, in which the radiating layer 1 It is further composed of a radiation port 101, a radiation cavity 102, a coupling layer cavity 103 and a radiation unit. The radiation cavity 102 is rectangular, and the distance between two adjacent radiation units is 0.84 times the electromagnetic wave wavelength. The radiation cavity 102 Located above the radiating unit, a rectangular metal block is arranged directly below the radiating unit to increase the bandwidth of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna. The coupling layer 2 further includes a coupling port 201, the feeding layer 3 further includes a ridge transmission line 301 based on a high-impedance surface, a WR-12 standard waveguide port 302, and a bottom plate 303. The surface of the feeding layer 3 is further provided with a substantially long strip. The gap, together with the ridge transmission line 301 based on the high-impedance surface, forms a five-stage T-shaped power divider, which distributes electromagnetic wave signals and facilitates cooperation with the coupling port 201. In particular, the coupling layer 2 is connected to the feeding layer 3 through the coupling port 201.

Further, the end of the feeding layer 3 adopts a magnetic field to excite the coupling layer 2, thereby avoiding the use of turning waveguide excitation, and saving the wiring space of the ridge waveguide feeding.

Please refer to FIG. 3 for a schematic diagram of the backside of the radiating layer 1 of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna. The backside of the radiating layer 1 is provided with a coupling layer cavity 103 for coupling with the coupling layer 2 for electromagnetic wave signal coupling.

Referring to the schematic front view of the coupling layer 2 of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna in FIG. 4, a plurality of coupling ports 201 are provided on the surface of the coupling layer 2.

Referring to the perspective view of the feeding layer 3 of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna in FIG. 5, the ridge transmission line 301 based on the high impedance surface is provided on the surface of the bottom plate 303.

Referring to the power divider of the feeding layer 3 of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna in FIG. 6, a plurality of ridge transmission lines 301 based on a high-impedance surface are arranged on both sides of the roughly T-shaped ridge gap, and the two together constitute the power of the feeding layer 3. Dispenser.

Please refer to Figure 8 for the directional radiation pattern of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna. In Figure 8, the electromagnetic wave frequencies are set to 71 GHz and 79 respectively. GHz and 86 GHz, the actual electromagnetic wave radiation measured value and the simulated value present a better coincidence curve, indicating that the design effect of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention is good, and the design objective is achieved.

Please refer to the gain performance diagram of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna in FIG. 9 and the standing wave performance diagram of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention in FIG. 10. In FIG. The S11 reflection coefficients are -13.05dB and -15.51dB, respectively, and the electromagnetic wave gain and standing wave performance are in good condition.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the examples are shown in the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these implementations are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. On the contrary, the present invention is intended to cover Alternatives, modifications and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined by the appended claims. In addition, in the above detailed description of the present invention, many specific details are explained in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented without these specific details.

Claims

A ridge waveguide slot array antenna is characterized in that: the ridge waveguide slot array antenna is composed of a radiation layer, a coupling layer and a feeding layer from top to bottom, wherein the feeding layer distributes the received electromagnetic wave signal and transmits it to Coupling layer, the coupling layer performs coupling processing on the electromagnetic wave signal and then transmits it to the radiation layer for radiation.
The ridge waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the radiation layer further comprises a radiation opening, a radiation cavity, a coupling layer cavity and a radiation unit arranged in order from top to bottom.
3. The ridge waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the distance between two adjacent radiating units of the radiating layer is 0.84 times the electromagnetic wave wavelength.
3. The ridge waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 2, wherein a rectangular metal block is further provided directly below the radiating unit of the radiating layer to increase the bandwidth.
The ridge waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the coupling layer further comprises a plurality of coupling ports.
The ridge waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein the operating frequency of the ridge waveguide slot array antenna is 30 GHz to 220 GHz.
The ridge waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the feed layer further comprises a ridge transmission line based on a high impedance surface, a WR-12 standard waveguide port and a bottom plate arranged in order from top to bottom.
8. The ridge waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 7, wherein the feeding layer is fed in a fully parallel manner.
8. The ridge waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 7, wherein the feed layer is provided with a T-shaped power divider, and the power divider transmits the electromagnetic wave signal from the T-shaped power divider to the coupling layer.
8. The ridge waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 7, wherein the feeding layer adopts a magnetic field excitation coupling layer at the end.
8. The ridge waveguide slot array antenna according to claim 7, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the feeding layer are both provided with a cross-shaped high impedance surface.