CN210723349U - Circularly polarized directional antenna - Google Patents
Circularly polarized directional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN210723349U CN210723349U CN201922325400.0U CN201922325400U CN210723349U CN 210723349 U CN210723349 U CN 210723349U CN 201922325400 U CN201922325400 U CN 201922325400U CN 210723349 U CN210723349 U CN 210723349U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a circular polarization directional antenna, which comprises a dual-polarization antenna array plane box body, a sum and difference device and a radio frequency front end, wherein the sum and difference device and the radio frequency front end are arranged outside the dual-polarization antenna array plane box body; the periphery outside the box body of the dual-polarized antenna array surface is provided with antenna output ports, a dual-polarized antenna array surface is arranged in the box body, the output end of the dual-polarized antenna array surface is connected with the input end of the sum and difference device, and the output end of the sum and difference device is connected with the input end of the radio frequency front end. The dual-polarized antenna array surface and the 3dB bridge form two orthogonal polarizations, the 3dB bridge shifts the two polarizations by 90 degrees, and therefore left-right circular polarization is achieved, and finally the sum wave beam and the difference wave beam are sent to a radio frequency front end network for subsequent signal processing.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an antenna technology field especially relates to a circular polarization directional aerial.
Background
A Directional antenna (Directional antenna) is an antenna that emits and receives electromagnetic waves in one or more specific directions with a particularly strong intensity, and emits and receives electromagnetic waves in other directions with a null or minimum intensity. The directional transmitting antenna is adopted to increase the effective utilization rate of the radiation power and increase the confidentiality; the main purpose of using directional receiving antenna is to enhance signal strength and increase anti-interference ability.
The feed networks of two polarized ports of a dual-polarized array antenna in the existing directional antenna are usually arranged on the same layer, the feed lines are distributed and arranged tightly, and the feed networks have strong coupling action, so that the feed networks can interfere with each other to further influence the receiving and sending of signals; therefore, how to reduce the design difficulty and reduce the mutual coupling and interference between the feed networks is a problem to be solved at the present stage.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to overcome prior art not enough, provide a circular polarization directional aerial, solved the problem that present directional aerial exists.
The purpose of the utility model is realized through the following technical scheme: a circularly polarized directional antenna comprises a dual-polarized antenna array face box body, a sum and difference device and a radio frequency front end, wherein the sum and difference device and the radio frequency front end are arranged outside the dual-polarized antenna array face box body; the periphery outside the box body of the dual-polarized antenna array surface is provided with antenna output ports, a dual-polarized antenna array surface is arranged in the box body, the output end of the dual-polarized antenna array surface is connected with the input end of the sum and difference device, and the output end of the sum and difference device is connected with the input end of the radio frequency front end.
The dual-polarized antenna array surface is arranged on the printed board and comprises m dual-polarized antenna modules arranged in an array, and each dual-polarized antenna module comprises n dual-polarized antenna units arranged in an array; the horizontal feed ports of the dual-polarized antenna units are connected through a horizontal polarization feed network, the vertical feed ports are connected through a vertical polarization feed network, and the horizontal polarization feed network and the vertical polarization feed network are arranged on different layers.
The dual-polarized antenna unit comprises a coplanar microstrip line feed structure and a slot coupling feed structure; the coplanar microstrip line feed structure is arranged above the gap coupling feed structure, and the lower-layer emission floor is arranged below the gap coupling feed structure.
The coplanar microstrip line feed structure comprises an upper radiation patch, a lower radiation patch and a first feed microstrip line; the first feed microstrip line is connected with one end of the lower radiation patch;
the upper dielectric substrate is positioned above the upper feed substrate; an air layer is arranged between the upper dielectric substrate and the upper feed substrate to ensure the wider working bandwidth and high gain of the antenna.
The slot coupling feed structure comprises a coupling slot and a second feed microstrip line; the coupling gap is arranged on the upper-layer reflecting floor, and the second feed microstrip line is arranged on the lower-layer feed substrate;
the upper-layer reflecting floor is arranged between the upper-layer feeding substrate and the lower-layer feeding substrate; the lower layer feed substrate is arranged between the upper layer reflection floor and the lower layer reflection floor.
The first feed microstrip lines of every two dual-polarized antenna units in the dual-polarized antenna module are connected to the first power dividers, and every two first power dividers are connected to the first impedance converter to form a horizontal polarized feed network; the output end of the horizontal polarization feed network is connected to the antenna output ports on the upper side and the lower side of the dual-polarization antenna array box body.
Second feed microstrip lines of every two dual-polarized antenna units in the dual-polarized antenna module are connected to second power dividers, and every two second power dividers are connected to a second impedance converter in a converging mode to form a vertical polarization feed network; and the output end of the vertical polarization feed network is connected to the antenna output ports on the left and right sides of the dual-polarized antenna array box body.
The sum and difference device comprises a right-hand sum and difference structure, a left-hand sum and difference structure and a plurality of isolators; one end of the isolator is connected with the antenna output port, and the other end of the isolator is connected with the right-handed sum-difference structure and the left-handed sum-difference structure.
The right-handed sum-difference structure comprises a first 3dB bridge, a third 3dB bridge, a fourth 3dB bridge, a fifth 3dB bridge and a sixth 3dB bridge; the third 3dB bridge, the fourth 3dB bridge, the fifth 3dB bridge and the sixth 3dB bridge are sequentially connected into an annular structure, and the first 3dB bridge is connected with the third 3dB bridge and the fifth 3dB bridge; the first 3dB bridge is connected with the right-hand difference beam output port, and the third 3dB bridge is connected with the right-hand sum beam output port.
The left-handed sum-difference structure comprises a second 3dB bridge, a seventh 3dB bridge, an eighth 3dB bridge, a ninth 3dB bridge and a tenth 3dB bridge; the seventh 3dB bridge, the eighth 3dB bridge, the ninth 3dB bridge and the tenth 3dB bridge are sequentially connected into an annular structure, and the second 3dB bridge is connected with the seventh 3dB bridge and the ninth 3dB bridge; the second 3dB bridge is connected with a left-hand differential beam output port, and the seventh 3dB bridge is connected with a left-hand sum beam output port.
The utility model has the advantages that: a circularly polarized directional antenna is composed of a dual-polarized antenna array surface and a 3dB electric bridge, wherein the dual-polarized antenna array surface forms two orthogonal polarizations, the 3dB electric bridge shifts the two polarizations by 90 degrees, so that left-right circular polarization is realized, and finally a sum wave beam and a difference wave beam are sent to a radio frequency front-end network for subsequent signal processing; the dual-circular-polarization microstrip antenna array surface adopts hybrid feed, and combines coplanar microstrip line feed and slot coupling feed, so that the problems that feed networks of two polarization ports are on the same layer, the feed lines are distributed and arranged tightly, the coupling effect between the feed networks is strong and the like are solved, one port of the unit adopts coplanar microstrip line feed, and the other port adopts slot coupling feed. Two different polarizations are distributed on different dielectric layers, and when the array is formed, the feed network is also on the same layer, so that the design difficulty is reduced, and the mutual coupling between the networks is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural view of an antenna unit;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a vertical polarization feed network structure;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a horizontally polarized feed network;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a sum and difference device;
in the figure, 1-upper radiation patch, 2-lower radiation patch, 3-first feed microstrip line, 4-upper dielectric substrate, 5-upper feed substrate, 6-air layer, 7-coupling gap, 8-upper reflection floor, 9-lower feed substrate, 10-second feed microstrip line, 11-lower reflection floor, 12-dual polarization antenna unit, 13-vertical polarization feed network, 14-horizontal polarization feed network, 15-dual polarization antenna module, 16-dual polarization antenna array box, 17-sum-difference device, 18-radio frequency front end, 19-antenna output port, 20-left-rotation difference beam output port, 21-right-rotation difference beam output port, 22-left-rotation sum beam output port, 23-right-rotation sum beam output port, 24-a right-hand sum-and-difference structure, 25-a left-hand sum-and-difference structure, 26-a load port, 27-a first 3dB bridge, 28-a second 3dB bridge, 29-a third 3dB bridge, 30-a fourth 3dB bridge, 31-a fifth 3dB bridge, 32-a sixth 3dB bridge, 33-a seventh 3dB bridge, 34-an eighth 3dB bridge, 35-a ninth 3dB bridge, 36-a tenth 3dB bridge.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the position or positional relationship based on the position or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the position or positional relationship which is usually placed when the utility model is used, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element to which the term refers must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.
As shown in fig. 1, a circularly polarized directional antenna is characterized in that: the antenna comprises a dual-polarized antenna array box 16, a sum and difference device 17 and a radio frequency front end 18, wherein the sum and difference device and the radio frequency front end are arranged outside the dual-polarized antenna array box 16; an antenna output port 19 is arranged on the periphery outside the dual-polarized antenna array box 16, a dual-polarized antenna array is arranged in the dual-polarized antenna array, the output end of the dual-polarized antenna array is connected with the input end of the sum and difference device 17, and the output end of the sum and difference device 17 is connected with the input end of the radio frequency front end 18.
The dual-polarized antenna array surface is arranged on the printed board and comprises 4 dual-polarized antenna modules 15 arranged in an array, and each dual-polarized antenna module 15 comprises 4 dual-polarized antenna units 12 arranged in an array; the horizontal feed ports of the dual-polarized antenna unit 12 are connected through a horizontal polarization feed network 14, the vertical feed ports are connected through a vertical polarization feed network 13, and the horizontal polarization feed network 14 and the vertical polarization feed network 13 are arranged on different dielectric layers.
As shown in fig. 2, the dual-polarized antenna unit 12 includes a coplanar microstrip line feed structure and a slot coupling feed structure; the coplanar microstrip line feed structure is arranged above the gap coupling feed structure, and the lower emission floor 11 is arranged below the gap coupling feed structure.
The coplanar microstrip line feed structure comprises an upper-layer radiation patch 1, a lower-layer radiation patch 2 and a first feed microstrip line 3; the first feed microstrip line 3 is connected with one end of the lower radiation patch 2;
the upper dielectric substrate 4 is positioned above the upper feed substrate 5; an air layer 6 is also arranged between the upper dielectric substrate 4 and the upper feeding substrate 5 to ensure the wider operating bandwidth and high gain of the antenna.
The slot coupling feed structure comprises a coupling slot 7 and a second feed microstrip line 10; the coupling gap 7 is arranged on the upper-layer reflecting floor 8, and the second feed microstrip line 10 is arranged on the lower-layer feed substrate 9;
the upper layer reflecting floor 8 is arranged between the upper layer feeding substrate 5 and the lower layer feeding substrate 9; the lower feed substrate 9 is disposed between the upper reflective floor 8 and the lower reflective floor 11.
Further, the coupling slot 7 is an H-shaped coupling slot, and the second feed microstrip line 10 is disposed at a central symmetry line position of the H-shaped coupling slot. The first feed microstrip line 3 and the second feed microstrip line 10 form an angle of 90 degrees; the first feed microstrip line 3 and the second feed microstrip line 10 are respectively connected with different ports, the isolation of the two ports is more than 25dB, and the cross polarization is more than 20 dB.
Furthermore, the designed antenna is required to realize broadband circular polarization, broadband radiation is realized by selecting a method of sandwiching an air layer between two layers of radiation patches in consideration of the working frequency band of the antenna, a horizontal polarization feed network is arranged on the same layer of the lower layer of radiation patches, an H-shaped gap is formed in the upper part of the floor of the lower layer of patches, and vertical polarization excitation is realized through 50 omega microstrip line feed.
By optimizing the size of the lower radiation patch 2 and the thickness of the air layer 6, an optimal aperture coupling horizontal polarization antenna can be determined, and good matching of the first feed microstrip line 3 is realized. After the optimization design of the horizontal polarization antenna is completed, the optimal broadband excitation size and the optimal gain design of vertical polarization can be realized by optimizing the size of the H-shaped slot and the length of the short-circuit branch line of the second feed microstrip line 10.
As shown in fig. 3-4, the first feed microstrip lines 3 of every two dual-polarized antenna units 12 in the dual-polarized antenna module 15 are connected to first power dividers, and every two first power dividers are connected to the first impedance transformer to form a horizontal polarization feed network 14; the output of the horizontally polarized feed network 14 is connected to antenna output ports 19 located on the upper and lower sides of the dual polarized antenna array housing 16.
The second feed microstrip lines 3 of every two dual-polarized antenna units 12 in the dual-polarized antenna module 15 are connected to second power dividers, and every two second power dividers are connected to the second impedance transformer to form a vertical polarization feed network 13; the output of the vertical polarization feed network 13 is connected to antenna output ports 19 located on the left and right sides of the dual polarized antenna array box 16.
Further, the 50 Ω impedance of every two dual-polarized antenna units 12 in the array antenna is collected to the main port through a one-to-two power divider, and is connected in parallel to form 25 Ω impedance, and is converted into 50 Ω through 1/4 wave guide wavelength impedance converters, and similarly, the next dual-polarized antenna module 15 also performs impedance conversion through impedance converters with the same characteristic impedance and length, and finally is matched with 50 Ω at the output port. The vertical polarization feed network 13 works on the same principle as the horizontal polarization feed network 14.
As shown in fig. 5, the sum and difference device includes a right-hand sum and difference structure 24, a left-hand sum and difference structure 25, and a plurality of isolators; one end of the isolator is connected to the antenna output port 19 and the other end is connected to the right-hand and difference structure 24 and the left-hand and difference structure 25.
Further, there are 4 isolators in total, each isolator being a 90 ° 3dB bridge, all connected to two antenna output ports 19. The isolation of the output port of the bridge is realized by connecting an isolator at the signal input interface of the sum-difference device.
The right-hand sum-difference structure comprises a first 3dB bridge 27, a third 3dB bridge 29, a fourth 3dB bridge 30, a fifth 3dB bridge 31 and a sixth 3dB bridge 32; the third 3dB bridge 29, the fourth 3dB bridge 30, the fifth 3dB bridge 31 and the sixth 3dB bridge 32 are sequentially connected into an annular structure, and the first 3dB bridge 27 is connected with the third 3dB bridge 29 and the fifth 3dB bridge 31; the first 3dB bridge 27 is connected to the right-hand difference beam output port 21 and the third 3dB bridge 29 is connected to the right-hand sum beam output port 23.
The left-handed sum-difference structure comprises a second 3dB bridge 28, a seventh 3dB bridge 33, an eighth 3dB bridge 34, a ninth 3dB bridge 35 and a tenth 3dB bridge 36; the seventh 3dB bridge 33, the eighth 3dB bridge 34, the ninth 3dB bridge 35 and the tenth 3dB bridge 36 are sequentially connected into an annular structure, and the second 3dB bridge 28 is connected with the seventh 3dB bridge 33 and the ninth 3dB bridge 35; the second 3dB bridge 28 is connected to the left-hand difference beam output port 20 and the seventh 3dB bridge 33 is connected to the left-hand sum beam output port 22.
Further, the first 3dB bridge 27 and the second 3dB bridge 28 are 3dB bridges of 90 °, and the third 3dB bridge 29, the fourth 3dB bridge 30, the fifth 3dB bridge 31, the sixth 3dB bridge 32, the seventh 3dB bridge 33, the eighth 3dB bridge 34, the ninth 3dB bridge 35, and the tenth 3dB bridge 36 are 3dB bridges of 180 °; and the fifth 3dB bridge 31 and the ninth 3dB bridge 19 are connected to the load port 26.
The above only is the embodiment of the present invention, not limiting the patent scope of the present invention, all the equivalent structures or equivalent processes that are used in the specification and the attached drawings or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A circularly polarized directional antenna, comprising: the antenna comprises a dual-polarized antenna array face box body (16), a sum and difference device (17) and a radio frequency front end (18), wherein the sum and difference device and the radio frequency front end are arranged outside the dual-polarized antenna array face box body (16); the periphery outside the dual-polarized antenna array box body (16) is provided with antenna output ports (19), a dual-polarized antenna array is arranged in the dual-polarized antenna array, the output end of the dual-polarized antenna array is connected with the input end of the sum and difference device (17), and the output end of the sum and difference device (17) is connected with the input end of the radio frequency front end (18);
the dual-polarized antenna unit (12) comprises a coplanar microstrip line feed structure and a slot coupling feed structure; the coplanar microstrip line feed structure is arranged above the gap coupling feed structure, and the lower-layer reflecting floor (11) is arranged below the gap coupling feed structure;
the coplanar microstrip line feed structure comprises an upper-layer radiation patch (1), a lower-layer radiation patch (2) and a first feed microstrip line (3); the first feed microstrip line (3) is connected with one end of the lower radiation patch (2);
the coplanar microstrip line feed structure also comprises an upper dielectric substrate (4) and an upper feed substrate (5), wherein the upper dielectric substrate (4) is positioned above the upper feed substrate (5); an air layer (6) is arranged between the upper-layer dielectric substrate (4) and the upper-layer feed substrate (5) to ensure the wider working bandwidth and high gain of the antenna;
the slot coupling feed structure comprises a coupling slot (7) and a second feed microstrip line (10); the coupling gap (7) is arranged on the upper-layer reflection floor (8), and the second feed microstrip line (10) is arranged on the lower-layer feed substrate (9);
the upper layer reflecting floor (8) is arranged between the upper layer feeding substrate (5) and the lower layer feeding substrate (9); the lower layer feeding substrate (9) is arranged between the upper layer reflecting floor (8) and the lower layer reflecting floor (11).
2. A circularly polarized directional antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the dual-polarized antenna array surface is arranged on the printed board and comprises m dual-polarized antenna modules (15) arranged in an array, and each dual-polarized antenna module (15) comprises n dual-polarized antenna units (12) arranged in an array; the horizontal feed ports of the dual-polarized antenna units (12) are connected through a horizontal polarization feed network (14), the vertical feed ports are connected through a vertical polarization feed network (13), and the horizontal polarization feed network (14) and the vertical polarization feed network (13) are arranged on different dielectric layers.
3. A circularly polarized directional antenna according to claim 2, wherein: first feed microstrip lines (3) of every two dual-polarized antenna units (12) in the dual-polarized antenna module (15) are connected to first power dividers, and every two first power dividers are connected to a first impedance converter to form a horizontal polarized feed network (14); the output end of the horizontal polarization feed network (14) is connected to the antenna output ports (19) on the upper and lower sides of the dual-polarized antenna array box (16).
4. A circularly polarized directional antenna according to claim 3, wherein: second feed microstrip lines (10) of every two dual-polarized antenna units (12) in the dual-polarized antenna module (15) are connected to second power dividers, and every two second power dividers are connected to second impedance transformers to form a vertical polarization feed network (13); the output end of the vertical polarization feed network (13) is connected to the antenna output ports (19) on the left and right sides of the dual-polarization antenna array box body (16).
5. A circularly polarized directional antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the sum and difference device comprises a right-hand sum and difference structure (24), a left-hand sum and difference structure (25) and a plurality of isolators; one end of the isolator is connected with the antenna output port (19), and the other end of the isolator is connected with the right-handed sum-difference structure (24) and the left-handed sum-difference structure (25).
6. The circularly polarized directional antenna of claim 5, wherein: the right-hand sum-difference structure comprises a first 3dB bridge (27), a third 3dB bridge (29), a fourth 3dB bridge (30), a fifth 3dB bridge (31) and a sixth 3dB bridge (32); the third 3dB bridge (29), the fourth 3dB bridge (30), the fifth 3dB bridge (31) and the sixth 3dB bridge (32) are sequentially connected into a ring structure, and the first 3dB bridge (27) is connected with the third 3dB bridge (29) and the fifth 3dB bridge (31); the first 3dB bridge (27) is connected with the right-hand difference beam output port (21), and the third 3dB bridge (29) is connected with the right-hand sum beam output port (23).
7. The circularly polarized directional antenna of claim 6, wherein: the left-handed sum-difference structure comprises a second 3dB bridge (28), a seventh 3dB bridge (33), an eighth 3dB bridge (34), a ninth 3dB bridge (35) and a tenth 3dB bridge (36); the seventh 3dB bridge (33), the eighth 3dB bridge (34), the ninth 3dB bridge (35) and the tenth 3dB bridge (36) are sequentially connected into a ring structure, and the second 3dB bridge (28) is connected with the seventh 3dB bridge (33) and the ninth 3dB bridge (35); the second 3dB bridge (28) is connected to the left-handed differential beam output port (20), and the seventh 3dB bridge (33) is connected to the left-handed sum beam output port (22).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201922325400.0U CN210723349U (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2019-12-23 | Circularly polarized directional antenna |
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| CN201922325400.0U CN210723349U (en) | 2019-12-23 | 2019-12-23 | Circularly polarized directional antenna |
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| CN210723349U true CN210723349U (en) | 2020-06-09 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111614372A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Ku frequency band phased array antenna transceiving component for satellite communication |
| CN112490656A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-12 | 西安电子科技大学 | Small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with positioning capability |
-
2019
- 2019-12-23 CN CN201922325400.0U patent/CN210723349U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111614372A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Ku frequency band phased array antenna transceiving component for satellite communication |
| CN112490656A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-12 | 西安电子科技大学 | Small circularly polarized GPS-BD microstrip antenna with positioning capability |
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