WO2021162582A1

WO2021162582A1 - Tracked amphibious vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2021162582A1
Application number: PCT/RU2021/000027
Authority: WO
Inventors: Сергей Александрович СЕЛЕЗНЕВ
Original assignee: Сергей Александрович СЕЛЕЗНЕВ
Priority date: 2020-02-10
Filing date: 2021-01-25
Publication date: 2021-08-19
Also published as: RU2727422C1

Abstract

A tracked amphibious vehicle comprises a body, a power plant, a transmission, and a suspension. The body comprises a main water displacing volume and additional water displacing volumes. The additional water displacing volumes are in the form of sponsons arranged on two sides of the main water displacing volume, inside the spaces delimited by the tracks, and are accessible from the interior of the amphibious vehicle. The sponsons can accommodate an engine, a transmission, additional equipment, main and/or additional fuel and/or oil tanks, storage batteries and/or cargo compartments. The upper reach of the track has an extended path of travel. The body of the sponson is used to mount a full-fledged short arm suspension. The invention makes it possible to increase the speed of travel of a tracked vehicle in water and on land, to reduce the immersion depth during travel in water, to improve steering of the amphibious vehicle, and to optimize use of the internal volume of the body.

Description

Amphibious tracked vehicle.

Technology area

The invention relates to vehicles, in particular to amphibians on a caterpillar drive, and can be used as a vehicle in the absence of public roads. This amphibian allows movement in especially difficult topological and climatic conditions with the ability to overcome water obstacles.

Prior art

There are various technical solutions for vehicles that allow you to move in especially difficult topological and climatic conditions and to overcome water obstacles.

So in the patent RU 2612548, F16H3 / 00, a caterpillar-type floating vehicle is disclosed, which contains a floating hull, a cabin, a power plant, two tracks, driven and driving shafts. The floating hull is made in the form of two floats with caterpillars, due to which increased stability on the water is achieved.

From the patent RU 74148, F41H7 / 00, a technical solution is known that discloses a vehicle that is a tank containing sponson screens located between the branches of the tracks.

In patent RU 2683210, B62D55 / 00, a civil tracked vehicle is declared. The tracked vehicle contains a supporting frame, a tracked chassis, two tracked propellers with a running gear drive and a driver's cab. The supporting frame is made in the form of a waterproof supporting box, in which the drive of the running gear is placed. A tracked vehicle can be made in a floating design by installing an amphibious structure. For this, the cab is moved to the upper position. The amphibious structure contains a frame. Several floats are fixed on the frame, formed by cavities filled with air, ensuring the buoyancy of the tracked vehicle, while the corresponding volume of the floats is selected taking into account the total mass of the tracked vehicle.

This civilian tracked vehicle has been selected as a prototype. In each of the above examples of the implementation of vehicles that allow you to move in especially difficult topological and climatic conditions and overcome water obstacles, in addition to pronounced advantages, there are quite serious disadvantages that limit both the scope of these machines and the segment of customers.

One of the serious drawbacks is the difficult conditions of entry and exit into the water for this equipment due to the high center of gravity due to the raising of the floor to accommodate the engine, cooling systems, transmission elements, batteries, gas tanks, oil tanks of hydraulic systems, etc.

Also, one of the main disadvantages of using tracked vehicles when forcing water obstacles is a low displacement, which significantly increases the position of the line afloat and, as a result, makes it necessary to create a high side to prevent water from entering the cabin.

In addition, when overcoming water obstacles, the low speed of such vehicles afloat due to the low position in the water, when the upper track of the caterpillar is in the water and actually "row" against the direction of navigation when the caterpillar propeller rotates. When driving on land, the tracked vehicle has a tendency to drop the track (inflation) during long-stroke suspension.

The essence of the invention

The objective of this invention is to increase the speed of movement of the amphibian on a caterpillar drive on water and on land, reduce its draft when moving on water, improve the rotation of the amphibian, while ensuring the optimization of the use of the internal volume of the amphibian hull.

The task is achieved due to the fact that in an amphibious tracked vehicle containing a body, two tracks, a salon, at least one engine with a running gear drive, a transmission, a suspension, the body is displacement, and includes a main displacement volume and additional displacement volumes in the form of sponsons, located on both sides of the main displacement volume inside the under-caterpillar space, and the upper belt of the caterpillar has an increased trajectory of movement, with the possibility of access to the displacement volumes from the amphibian's cabin, as well as with the possibility of placement in at least one of the sponsons amphibious engine and transmission. It is advisable that the amphibian contains a mechanical transmission and / or a hydrostatic transmission (GST) as a transmission.

In a preferred embodiment of the amphibian, it is expedient that it contains two sponsons and two engines with a transmission, while the second of the sponsons contains the second engine and the second transmission of the amphibian.

It is desirable that the amphibian contains additional equipment, in particular, the main and / or additional fuel and / or oil tanks of the hydrostatic transmission, and / or batteries, located at least in the second of the sponsons.

It is advisable that the amphibian contains brackets for installing the support rollers of the upper track belt, a tensioner for installing guide rollers, brackets for installing suspension arms with suspension elements or shock absorbers and support rollers, and the suspension was made in the form of a full-fledged short-travel suspension, not prone to dropping caterpillar, and placed on the body of each sponson, while brackets were fixed to the upper part of the body of each sponson to install the support rollers of the upper track belt and tensioner, to install the idler rollers, and brackets were fixed to the lower part of the body of each sponson to install the levers suspensions with suspension elements or shock absorbers on which the road wheels are installed.

The task is achieved due to the fact that in the second embodiment in the amphibious tracked vehicle containing a body, two tracks, a salon, at least one engine with a running gear drive, transmission, suspension, the body is displacement and includes the main displacement volume , and sponsons, placed on both sides of the main displacement volume inside the under-caterpillar space, with the ability to access the displacement volumes from the amphibian's cabin, and the suspension is made in the form of a full-fledged short-travel suspension, not prone to dropping the caterpillar, while this short-travel suspension is placed on the hull of each sponson.

It is advisable that the amphibian contains a mechanical transmission and / or a hydrostatic transmission (GST) as a transmission.

It is advisable that in an amphibian the engine and transmission have a front, middle or rear location inside the main volume of the amphibian body, with the possibility of providing the organization of the front or rear drive of the driving wheels.

It is preferable that the amphibian contains additional equipment, in particular, the main and / or additional fuel and / or oil tanks of the hydrostatic transmission, and / or batteries, located at least in the second of the sponsons. It is desirable that the amphibian contains brackets for installing support rollers of the upper track belt, a tensioner for installing idler rollers, brackets for installing suspension arms with suspension elements or shock absorbers and support rollers, while brackets were attached to the upper part of the body of each sponson for installation support rollers of the upper track belt and tensioner, for installing the idler rollers, and brackets were attached to the lower part of the body of each sponson for the installation of suspension arms with suspension elements or shock absorbers on which the road wheels are installed

Brief Description of Drawings

For a more detailed disclosure of the invention, the following is a description of specific possible options for its implementation with the corresponding drawings.

FIG. 1 is a front and side view of an amphibious tracked vehicle with an increased trajectory of the upper track belt, made according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a front and side view of an amphibious tracked vehicle with a conventional track upper belt path according to the invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the rear part of the amphibian on a caterpillar drive with an engine installed in one of the sponsons and a gas tank and a battery in the other of the sponsons, made according to the invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the rear part of an amphibian on a caterpillar drive with an engine installed in each of the two sponsons, made according to the invention.

Best options for carrying out the invention

In each of the two embodiments of the invention, the amphibious tracked vehicle comprises a body, which consists of a main displacement volume 1 and sponsons 2 - additional displacement volumes located on both sides of the main displacement volume 1 inside the underframe space, i.e. the space located under the upper belt of the caterpillar and to the lower point of the body, from both sides of the amphibian (Fig. 1-4). In sponsons 2, engines 3 can be installed, as well as battery 4, and gas tanks 5. In this case, all these items of amphibious equipment can be installed in any sponsons 2 in any combination. For example, in an amphibian with an increased trajectory of the upper track belt in sponsons 2, for example, an engine 3 and a battery 4 with a gas tank 5 (Fig. 3), or an engine 3 in each of the sponsons 2 (Fig. 4) can be installed, as well as / or additional equipment.

Also, the tracked mechanism of the amphibian contains support rollers 6, support rollers 7 and guide rollers 8, and an impeller 9 is located in the under-track space of the amphibian. Brackets 13 for suspension arms 11 with suspension elements or shock absorbers 10 are attached to the lower part of the body of each of the sponsons 2. which support rollers are installed 7.

At the same time, brackets 13 are attached to the upper part of the body of each sponson 2, for installing the support rollers 6 of the upper track belt, and a tensioner 12 for installing the guide rollers 8.

Each of the engines 3 is associated with a transmission 14, which can be a mechanical transmission and / or a hydrostatic transmission (GST), and the amphibian also contains a tracked propeller 15.

In the first embodiment of the amphibian, where the upper track belt has an increased trajectory of movement, i.e. the track belt has a geometrically uneven trajectory of movement, which makes it possible to organize places inside the under-track space for installing the engine 3 (power unit) and / or additional equipment, gas tanks 5, batteries 4, etc. At the same time, the body of the amphibian is made displacement and includes the main displacement volume 1 and sponsons - 2, additional displacement volumes located on both sides of the main displacement volume 1 inside the under-track space, with the possibility of access to these volumes from the amphibian cabin and contains two types placement of the engine 3 and transmission 14 of the amphibian - in one of the sponsons 2, or a view of the placement of the engine 3 and transmission 14 in each sponson 2 for a separate drive for each side.

The type of placement of one engine 3 with a mechanical transmission 14 or GST in one of the sponsons 2 will make it possible to make a simple scheme for supplying torque to the drive wheels - from engine 3 to an automatic or manual transmission, or to hydraulic pumps that are a component of the GTS, which are also located inside the sponson 2, and further to the main transmission of an automobile type from which the torque is distributed to the side clutches located in the area of the impeller 9 or next to the main gear and then to the final drives or directly to the impeller 9, or to the hydraulic motors, which are a component of the GST. When placing one engine 3 with transmission 14 in one of the sponsons 2 to set the correct center of mass of the amphibian in the second sponson 2, additional equipment is placed, gas tanks 5, batteries 4, etc. "Weight distribution" for the level position of the amphibian afloat.

The type of placement of engine 3 and transmission 14 in each sponson 2 for a separate drive of each side will make the scheme for supplying torque to the driving wheels 9 even easier - from the engine to an automatic or manual transmission, which are also located inside sponson 2 and then to the angular gearbox. having a very simple design and the required gear ratio and, in fact, combined with the impeller 9 or on a separate hydraulic pump of each GST engine and then to the hydraulic motor associated with the impeller 9.

At the same time, the amphibian turning mechanism in the form of an onboard clutch and a final drive are absent in this version, and in the version with GST they are absent in all engine placement options.

This solution will make it possible to make the "ideal" work of turning the amphibian, because it will be possible to control each side separately without loss of power flow, which will significantly affect the speed and off-road qualities of the amphibian.

At the same time, each of the sponsons 2 may contain additional equipment, main and / or additional fuel and / or oil tanks required for the GTS, in particular, gas tanks 5, batteries 4, etc.

At the same time, the body of the sponson 2 serves as a support for the installation of a full-fledged (not lightweight) short-travel suspension, structurally not prone to dropping the caterpillar. Brackets 13 are attached to its upper part for installing support rollers 6 of the upper track belt, and tensioners 12 for installing guide rollers 8. Brackets 13 for suspension arms 11 with suspension elements or shock absorbers 10 on which the support rollers are installed are attached to the lower part of the sponson body 7.

The short-travel suspension is currently a priority application for tracked vehicles, because is not prone to dropping the caterpillar, which is very important when driving over obstacles, especially on slopes, with various rolls and rough terrain.

Placing the engine 3 and transmission 14 in one or two sponsons 2 solve another, very important task for amphibians - this arrangement optimizes the amphibian's internal space and allows solving transport tasks of a new level. except increasing the capacity of passengers solves the problem of the convenience of their accommodation, which is the most important condition when transporting people over long distances. For example, with this arrangement, a person can stand in an amphibian at full height.

In the second embodiment, the declared amphibian contains a body, a caterpillar propeller 15, an engine 3, a mechanical transmission or GST 14, a suspension 11, while the body is displacement and includes the main displacement volume 1, and sponsons - 2, additional displacement volumes placed on both sides of the main displacement volume 1 inside the undertrack space, with the ability to access these volumes from the amphibian's cabin, and the sponson's body 2 is also used to install a full-fledged (not lightweight) short-travel suspension 11, structurally, not prone to dropping the caterpillar.

Brackets 13 are attached to its upper part, for installing support rollers 6 of the upper track belt, and a tensioner 12, for installing guide rollers 8. Brackets 13 for suspension arms 11 with suspension elements or shock absorbers 10 are attached to the lower part of the sponsons body, on which support rollers 7.

The engine 3 and the transmission or GST 14 have a front, middle or rear location inside the main volume of the amphibious body and create the possibility of organizing a front or rear drive of the driving wheels.

Sponsons 2 can accommodate additional equipment, gas tanks 4, batteries 5, and / or cargo compartments or a GTS oil tank.

Thus, in the proposed amphibian on a caterpillar drive, it was possible through the use of sponsons - additional displacement volumes inside the under-caterpillar space and the use of a "short-travel" suspension created with the help of sponsons to significantly increase the speed of movement of the amphibian on a caterpillar drive on water and on land, reduce its draft when moving on water, to improve the stability when turning amphibians, while ensuring the optimization of the use of the internal volume of the amphibian hull.

It was also possible to ensure a stable overcoming of water obstacles on this amphibian by improving stability, by creating a minimum lateral heel - the "raft" effect, which will allow to overcome water obstacles with a certain "excitement".

It was also possible to ensure an increase in the speed of the amphibian on the water by reducing the line of position on the water, when the upper track of the caterpillar will have a surfaced position and will not provide resistance when the caterpillar propeller rotates in the water. The amphibian also provides an increase in its "all-terrain" capabilities with a more even distribution of the load, especially on a weak bearing surface (snow, swamps, swamps, etc.) due to a more even weight distribution when placing various equipment in sponsons - GTS fuel and oil tanks , batteries, cargo compartments, etc., which is very difficult to achieve in conventional tracked vehicles due to the peculiarities of the layout of these vehicles;

It was also possible to ensure an increase in the speed of the amphibian due to the fact that now, when turning, it is not necessary to drop the speed by turning off the torque and slowing down the board, but rather add speed by increasing the torque on one of the sides when using the GST, and when placing the engine and transmission in each sponsone for a separate drive for each side with a manual transmission option.

The increase in the all-terrain capabilities of the amphibian is also ensured by controlling each side separately without losing power flow, which is very important when maneuvering on steep climbs or when overcoming "carpet" swamps, when it is impossible to stop and turn off the torque on one side, and transmit and increase it on the second, so as not to tear the "carpet" covering and not fall with one side into the water;

At the same time, an increase in the internal volume of the amphibian was also achieved due to the placement in the sponsons of the engine and transmission, and additional equipment - fuel and oil tanks, batteries, cargo compartments and other equipment.

When using a sponson with an increased trajectory of the upper track belt, the center of gravity of the machine can be significantly lowered, in fact, to the level of the geometric floor of the body, and the interior space is significantly increased due to the absence of units for placement.

At the same time, the location of one engine in one side will make it easy to balance the entire structure with the location of the GTS fuel and / or oil tanks, additional equipment and cargo compartments on the opposite side and this will not affect the overall weight distribution of the vehicle.

And the location of two engines in two sides will increase the number of units used, but at the same time will not significantly increase the total weight of the vehicle due to the use of units of lower power and a simpler supply of torque to the drive wheels.

This amphibious design opens up a huge stock of layout schemes for creating a new generation of tracked vehicles, which have a much larger autonomy and capable of covering long distances due to the ability to install larger fuel tanks.

All this, in turn, will allow solving transport problems of a new level, incl. on the water.

As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the invention can be easily developed in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the invention.

However, the present embodiments are to be considered merely illustrative and not limiting, with the scope of the invention represented by its claims, and is intended to include all possible modifications and scope of equivalence to the claims of the present invention.

Claims

CLAIM

1. Amphibious tracked vehicle, containing

- a body, two tracks, a salon, at least one engine with a running gear drive, a transmission, a suspension, characterized in that

- - the body is made displacement, and includes the main displacement volume and additional displacement volumes in the form of sponsons, located on both sides of the main displacement volume inside the under-track space,

- - the upper belt of the caterpillar has an increased trajectory of movement, with the ability to access the displacement volumes from the amphibian cabin, and also with the ability to be placed in at least one of the sponsons of the amphibian engine and transmission.

2. Amphibian pop. 1, characterized in that it contains a mechanical transmission and / or a hydrostatic transmission (GST) as a transmission.

3. Amphibian p. 1, characterized in that it contains two sponsons and two engines with a transmission, while the second of the sponsons contains the second engine and the second transmission of the amphibian.

4. Amphibious vehicle according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that it contains additional equipment, in particular, main and / or additional fuel and / or oil tanks of a hydrostatic transmission, and / or batteries, placed in at least the second of the sponsons.

5. Amphibian p. 1, characterized in that it contains brackets for installing the support rollers of the upper track belt, a tensioner for installing guide rollers, brackets for installing suspension arms with suspension elements or shock absorbers and support rollers, and the suspension is made in the form of a full-fledged short-stroke suspension, not prone to dropping the caterpillar, and is located on the body of each sponson, while brackets are attached to the upper part of the body of each sponson for installing the support rollers of the upper track belt and tensioner, for installing the guide rollers, and brackets are attached to the lower part of the body of each sponson for the installation of suspension arms with suspension elements or shock absorbers, on which the road wheels are installed.

6. Amphibious tracked vehicle, containing

- body, two tracks, interior, at least one engine with a chassis drive, transmission, suspension, characterized in that

- - the body is made displacement and includes the main displacement volume, and sponsons, located on both sides of the main displacement volume inside the under-caterpillar space, with the ability to access the displacement volumes from the amphibian cabin, and

- - the suspension is made in the form of a full-fledged short-travel suspension, not prone to dropping the caterpillar, while this short-travel suspension is placed on the body of each sponson.

7. Amphibious vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a mechanical transmission and / or a hydrostatic transmission (HST) as a transmission.

8. The amphibious vehicle according to claim 6, fueled by the fact that the engine and transmission have a front, middle or rear location inside the main volume of the amphibian body, with the possibility of providing the organization of the front or rear drive of the driving wheels.

9. Amphibious vehicle according to claim 6, which includes the fact that it contains additional equipment, in particular, main and / or additional fuel and / or oil tanks of a hydrostatic transmission, and / or batteries placed in at least the second of the sponsons.

10. The amphibian according to claim 6, which is refined by the fact that it contains brackets for installing support rollers of the upper track belt, a tensioner for installing idler rollers, brackets for installing suspension arms with suspension elements or shock absorbers, and track rollers, while brackets are attached to the upper part of the body of each sponson for installing the support rollers of the upper track belt and tensioner, for installing the idler rollers, and brackets are attached to the lower part of the body of each sponson for installing suspension arms with suspension elements or shock absorbers, on which install support rollers.