WO2021160915A2 - Installation pour le recyclage de matériaux composites avec renfort en fibre de verre - Google Patents

Installation pour le recyclage de matériaux composites avec renfort en fibre de verre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021160915A2
WO2021160915A2 PCT/ES2021/070097 ES2021070097W WO2021160915A2 WO 2021160915 A2 WO2021160915 A2 WO 2021160915A2 ES 2021070097 W ES2021070097 W ES 2021070097W WO 2021160915 A2 WO2021160915 A2 WO 2021160915A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
treatment chamber
installation
matrix
composite materials
recycling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2021/070097
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Other versions
WO2021160915A3 (fr
WO2021160915A9 (fr
Inventor
Jose Manuel Pelayo Sanchez
Original Assignee
Efesto Green Reactors S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Efesto Green Reactors S.L. filed Critical Efesto Green Reactors S.L.
Publication of WO2021160915A2 publication Critical patent/WO2021160915A2/fr
Publication of WO2021160915A3 publication Critical patent/WO2021160915A3/fr
Publication of WO2021160915A9 publication Critical patent/WO2021160915A9/fr

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  • the present invention refers to an installation for recycling composite materials with fiberglass reinforcement, where said reinforcement is contained in a matrix together with which it forms said composite material.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a recycling facility for this type of materials with a simpler structuring than conventional facilities, compact, and highly efficient, all at a lower cost of implementation.
  • Composite materials are those that are formed by two or more components, the properties of said composite material being superior to those of the constituent materials separately.
  • Composite materials are made up of two phases, a continuous phase called matrix and another dispersed phase called reinforcement.
  • the reinforcement provides the mechanical properties to the composite material while the matrix provides the thermal and chemical resistance.
  • the matrix and the reinforcement are separated by the interface.
  • an ultra-high energy impact system to reduce the particle size of composite materials in a recycling process thereof, down to an average diameter as small as approximately 40 pm, comprising a cooling station for cooling said material to a temperature within the range of about -40 ° F to about -450 ° F, a grinding station for reducing the particle size of the materials from said cooling, where said Grinding station includes a rotor operating at a top speed within the range of about 600 to about 1500 feet per second, and an atmosphere modifier for modifying the gaseous atmosphere within said grinding station.
  • this device does not allow a subsequent separation of the crushed materials.
  • the very low temperatures required for cooling generate high process costs.
  • reference document US2016039118 defines a pyrolysis plant for the recovery of carbon fibers from composite materials.
  • This pyrolysis plant comprises an elongated pyrolysis furnace for continuous pyrolysis of material that runs continuously during operation, an inlet station for introducing material to be processed in the pyrolysis furnace at one end, an outlet station for discharge that recovers the carbon fiber material from the pyrolysis furnace at its other end, a gas extraction device for pyrolysis gas produced in the furnace of pyrolysis, and a control device for the regulation of the individual components at least of the gas in the pyrolysis furnace.
  • This pyrolysis furnace is an indirectly heated rotary tube-shaped furnace having at least the following components: an elongated rotary tube that forms the accommodation space for the material and is connected to the inlet station and the outlet station, with the rotating tube is provided on its cylindrical wall with outlet openings to discharge the pyrolysis gas formed during the pyrolysis over at least part of its length and, a housing isolated from the outside, which at least partly surrounds the rotating tube and has openings for the inlet station and optionally also for the outlet station and has discharge lines for the pyrolysis gas.
  • a plurality of sections with gas at different adjustable temperatures are provided in the housing along the length of the rotating tube; wherein the outlet openings in the rotating tube are provided at least in the section having the highest gas temperature.
  • the pyrolysis furnace has several sections formed by at least one heating zone, a first pyrolysis zone, a second pyrolysis zone and a cooling zone.
  • composition of the gas and the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace in the various sections of the rotating tube can be regulated differently, with a defined proportion of oxygen and with a defined temperature in the first pyrolysis zone and with a defined proportion of oxygen and with a defined temperature in the second pyrolysis zone.
  • both the input of the material, the heating thereof, the output of the gases, the separation of the fibers and decomposition of the matrix, and the output of said fibers are carried out in the same chamber. inside the oven, continuously, so that the product to be recycled enters through one end of the chamber and the resulting out the other.
  • This camera is also in continuous rotation.
  • the invention patent P201630474 refers to an installation for recycling composite materials with carbon fiber and / or fiberglass reinforcement, where said reinforcement is contained in a matrix together with which it forms said composite material, which It comprises a horizontal reactor divided into three sealed and independent zones, arranged in line and separated from each other by respective separation gates that allow the passage of the composite material to be recycled from one previous zone to the next only when the process in said previous zone has ended.
  • the first zone further comprises an inlet gate for the composite material, a mechanism for rotating said composite material and first means of outlet for the gases generated by the decomposition of the matrix
  • the second zone comprises air injectors and second means of exit of the gases generated by the reaction of the air with the residues of the matrix and
  • the third zone comprises an outlet gate for the reinforcement material and means for cooling the reinforcement material.
  • the installation allows the recycling of composite materials with fiberglass reinforcement, where said reinforcement is contained in a matrix together with which it forms said composite material, being able to treat both complete pieces and small pieces, previously divided. depending on its different variants of realization.
  • the installation of the invention is constituted from a reactor that in the present case, and contrary to what happens conventionally, adopts a vertical arrangement, being formed by a cylindrical cavity that determines a treatment chamber , which is fed from the top automatically and unloaded from the bottom.
  • the reactor also comprises a condenser heat exchanger designed to collect the condensable vapors obtained in the first part of the process and a decanter to clean the gases produced in the intermediate stage of the process of volatile impurities.
  • the composite material to be recycled is supplied in small pieces, previously divided, or in larger pieces. size, it will be fed automatically, through an endless screw that doses and pours the material to be treated inside the treatment chamber, or discrete loads of different sizes will be fed through the upper section.
  • the chamber comprises a permeable plate located above the inlet height of the material, which allows the passage of volatiles and not of the solids.
  • the installation includes a hatch located in the lower part of the treatment chamber, which can be folded by external means, so as to allow the recycled product to exit the treatment chamber to another collection compartment, which comprises also a gas installation to avoid contact of the hot product with the outside air or oxygen.
  • the cooling means can be materialized in multiple ways, such as a coil cooled by the passage of water, air cooling or by means of a cooled gas.
  • the vertical reactor has a casing made of steel or aluminum at least on its outer surface, duly covered internally by a layer of thermal insulation, the vertical cylindrical chamber or treatment chamber being internally and concentrically to this, of a watertight construction.
  • heating means are established, which can be materialized in an electric heating system, or a heating system of the treatment chamber by means of gaseous fuels through a burner that recirculates the gases around the treatment chamber.
  • Another aspect is the existence of a gas circuit through which the interior of the treatment chamber is fed with a gas (nitrogen and / or oxygen) or gas mixtures through one or more injectors.
  • the treatment chamber will have an outlet for evaporated gases arranged in correspondence with its upper zone, which includes a branching at its outlet, determining an outlet conduit for the evaporated gases to a liquefiable gas condenser exchanger and another to a pre-filtered decantation circuit.
  • the path through which the volatiles generated will circulate will depend on the time of the cycle and is controlled by a three-way valve.
  • this procedure comprises two main phases, which are determined below.
  • a first phase is complete pyrolysis in which the composite material entering the chamber sealingly treatment of the vertical reactor which is heated to a temperature between 500 and 700 C and in a controlled atmosphere having absence of oxygen.
  • the matrix is thermally decomposed without combustion. Due to the decomposition of the matrix, an outlet of evaporated gases is generated.
  • the polymeric matrix of the composite material can be formed by any type of resin or even a polymer, being included in the term "resin” or "polymer", polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, bisphenolic or melanin.
  • the reinforcing or reinforcing agent can be constituted by a glass fiber.
  • Composite materials can contain other components in small proportions, to improve or enhance some of their characteristics or to help in their formation process, such as accelerators, colorants, fluidizers, catalysts, microspheres, foams, release agents, metal components, wood. or anti UV.
  • the by-products obtained from pyrolysis are condensable liquids, the product of thermal cracking of the matrix, so depending on the incoming product, phenols, aliphatics, aromatics, etc. can be obtained.
  • the gases obtained in this phase are condensable, mostly hydrocarbons.
  • the gas mixture introduced in this second phase reacts with the matrix residues, generating the exit of gases due to said reaction that will circulate through the filtration and decantation circuit, the resulting material at the end of this part of the cycle being exclusively reinforcing material.
  • the reinforcement material discharge gate is kept closed.
  • Figure 1. Shows a schematic view of a longitudinal section of the installation for recycling composite materials with fiberglass reinforcement, made in accordance with the object of the invention, according to a first variant of the installation for the installation, wherein the heat generating means of the reactor is electrical.
  • Figure 2. Shows a schematic view of a section according to an imaginary horizontal plane of the installation of the previous figure.
  • Figure 3. Shows a view similar to that of figure 1, but corresponding to a variant embodiment in which the material to be recycled is supplied in small pieces or fractions, being fed through a hopper-screw assembly endless.
  • Figure 4.- Shows a view similar to that of figure 1, but corresponding to a variant embodiment in which the heat-generating means in the reactor are embodied in a gas burner.
  • Figure 5. Shows a schematic view of a section according to an imaginary horizontal plane of the installation of the previous figure.
  • Figure 6.- shows a view similar to that of figure 4, but corresponding to a variant embodiment in which the material to be recycled is supplied in small pieces or fractions, being fed through a set hopper-auger.
  • the installation for recycling composite materials with fiberglass reinforcement is constituted from a vertical reactor, in which a casing (3) participates, preferably made of steel or aluminum, with an internal layer of insulating material (4), such as refractory ceramic fiber and / or mineral rock wool, casing ( 3) inside which a sealed treatment chamber (6) is established, with a tubular configuration, vertically elongated and thermally conductive in nature.
  • a casing (3) participates, preferably made of steel or aluminum, with an internal layer of insulating material (4), such as refractory ceramic fiber and / or mineral rock wool
  • casing ( 3) inside which a sealed treatment chamber (6) is established, with a tubular configuration, vertically elongated and thermally conductive in nature.
  • the composite material which can be of different sizes, is introduced into the treatment chamber (6) through the loading area (1), through a cover (2) with its corresponding thermal insulator, which communicates with the upper end of the said treatment chamber (6).
  • an outlet conduit (9) is established for the gases generated in the decomposition of the matrix, a conduit that presents a bifurcation assisted by a three-way valve, which redirects the volatile towards a liquefiable gas condenser exchanger or a previous filtered decantation circuit, depending on the moment of the cycle in which the reactor is located.
  • a system is established of heating by means of electric resistances (5), in charge of heating the treatment chamber (6).
  • gas injectors (7) preferably nitrogen and oxygen, intended to produce a gasification of the material that makes up the matrix.
  • the injectors (7) will include a flow regulator and a control solenoid valve, with diffusers for a more homogeneous application of said gases.
  • the treatment chamber (6) is finished at the bottom in an outlet gate for the reinforcement material recovered in the process towards a collection container (8), which will be assisted by cooling means, either a coil cooled by means of the water passage that is introduced through a cooling water inlet and after traveling through the coil cooling the reinforcement material, exits through a cooling water outlet, recirculating in a closed circuit through an air cooler located outside the building .
  • cooling means either a coil cooled by means of the water passage that is introduced through a cooling water inlet and after traveling through the coil cooling the reinforcement material, exits through a cooling water outlet, recirculating in a closed circuit through an air cooler located outside the building .
  • the one shown in figure 3 when the material to be recycled is supplied in a small size, previously fragmented, starting from the same basic structuring of the reactor provided for the variant of figures 1 and 2 , it can be fed automatically through an external hopper (1 '), which feeds an endless screw (10) that passes through the casing (3) and the insulator (4), extending internally until the material is directly discharged into the treatment chamber (6), and more specifically in the upper zone of said treatment chamber (6), having provided that a permeable plate (15) is interposed above said discharge zone, which allows the passage of volatiles and does not of the solids, keeping the rest of the reactor components in a similar way to the previously described embodiment variant, with the exception of the condensable outlet conduit (9) which will be arranged this time in correspondence with the upper end of the treatment chamber (6 ).
  • the heating means of the treatment chamber (6) could be replaced by gaseous fuel burners, more specifically through a burner (11) that recirculates the gases around the treatment chamber, counting for this with a chimney (13) for the expulsion of the gases generated by the combustion of said gaseous fuels, being able to take advantage of its residual heat through an exchanger (14) to optimize the process.
  • the reactor in its variant embodiment in which the heating means of the treatment chamber (6) are embodied in gaseous fuel burners may be fed from the top, through the loading zone ( 1), through a cover (2) with its corresponding thermal insulator, which communicates with the upper end of said treatment chamber (6), as shown in figure 4, or through a hopper assembly (T) , worm screw (10), when the material to be recycled is supplied in small size elements, as shown in figure 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)

Abstract

L'installation comprend un réacteur vertical avec une chambre de traitement (6) unique, à l'intérieur de laquelle se trouvent des moyens de chauffage de la chambre de traitement, soit au moyen de résistances électriques ou de brûleurs à gaz, la chambre de traitement (6) étant étanche, de configuration tubulaire et allongée verticalement, avec au niveau supérieur une zone de chargement du matériau et un conduit de sortie (9) pour les gaz produits par la décomposition de la matrice, avec des moyens pour rediriger sélectivement les substances volatiles vers un échangeur condensateur de gaz liquéfiables ou vers un circuit de décantation avant la filtration, tandis que en correspondance avec sa zone inférieure, se trouvent des injecteurs (7) de gazéification du matériau qui constitue la matrice du matériau, ainsi qu'une porte de sortie du matériau de renfort récupéré vers un contenant de récupération (8) assisté par des moyens de réfrigération.
PCT/ES2021/070097 2020-02-11 2021-02-11 Installation pour le recyclage de matériaux composites avec renfort en fibre de verre WO2021160915A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES202030110A ES2758184A1 (es) 2020-02-11 2020-02-11 Instalación para reciclado de materiales compuestos con refuerzo de fibra de carbono y/o fibra de vidrio y procedimiento para la puesta en práctica de la instalación.
ESP202030110 2020-02-11

Publications (3)

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WO2021160915A2 true WO2021160915A2 (fr) 2021-08-19
WO2021160915A3 WO2021160915A3 (fr) 2021-10-07
WO2021160915A9 WO2021160915A9 (fr) 2022-01-06

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WO (1) WO2021160915A2 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0750944A1 (fr) 1995-06-30 1997-01-02 Praxair Technology, Inc. Broyage cryogénique et à haute énergie pour système à percussion
WO2009090264A1 (fr) 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Milled Carbon Limited Recyclage de fibre de carbone
US20160039118A1 (en) 2013-03-28 2016-02-11 Elg Carbon Fibre International Gmbh Pyrolysis system and method of recovering carbon fibres from carbon-fibre-containing plastics

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5198018A (en) * 1991-02-14 1993-03-30 General Motors Corporation Pyrolysis process and apparatus
ITRM20020217A1 (it) * 2002-04-19 2003-10-20 Enea Ente Nuove Tec Procedimento per il recupero delle fibre di carbonio e/o di vetro da compositi delle stesse in matrici polimeriche, e mezzi per la sua attua
KR101754384B1 (ko) * 2015-09-25 2017-07-05 재단법인 한국탄소융합기술원 탄소섬유복합재의 열분해를 이용한 탄소섬유 제조방법 및 이를 통해 제조된 탄소섬유
CN107129593A (zh) * 2017-06-30 2017-09-05 鲍明兰 玻璃钢分解回收系统及其分解回收方法
KR20190131257A (ko) * 2018-05-16 2019-11-26 현대자동차주식회사 탄소섬유복합재의 열분해를 이용한 탄소섬유 회수방법 및 회수된 탄소섬유

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0750944A1 (fr) 1995-06-30 1997-01-02 Praxair Technology, Inc. Broyage cryogénique et à haute énergie pour système à percussion
WO2009090264A1 (fr) 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Milled Carbon Limited Recyclage de fibre de carbone
US20160039118A1 (en) 2013-03-28 2016-02-11 Elg Carbon Fibre International Gmbh Pyrolysis system and method of recovering carbon fibres from carbon-fibre-containing plastics

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Publication number Publication date
WO2021160915A3 (fr) 2021-10-07
WO2021160915A9 (fr) 2022-01-06
ES2758184A1 (es) 2020-05-04

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