WO2021160915A2 - Installation for recycling compound materials with glass fibre reinforcement - Google Patents
Installation for recycling compound materials with glass fibre reinforcement Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021160915A2 WO2021160915A2 PCT/ES2021/070097 ES2021070097W WO2021160915A2 WO 2021160915 A2 WO2021160915 A2 WO 2021160915A2 ES 2021070097 W ES2021070097 W ES 2021070097W WO 2021160915 A2 WO2021160915 A2 WO 2021160915A2
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- the present invention refers to an installation for recycling composite materials with fiberglass reinforcement, where said reinforcement is contained in a matrix together with which it forms said composite material.
- the object of the invention is to provide a recycling facility for this type of materials with a simpler structuring than conventional facilities, compact, and highly efficient, all at a lower cost of implementation.
- Composite materials are those that are formed by two or more components, the properties of said composite material being superior to those of the constituent materials separately.
- Composite materials are made up of two phases, a continuous phase called matrix and another dispersed phase called reinforcement.
- the reinforcement provides the mechanical properties to the composite material while the matrix provides the thermal and chemical resistance.
- the matrix and the reinforcement are separated by the interface.
- an ultra-high energy impact system to reduce the particle size of composite materials in a recycling process thereof, down to an average diameter as small as approximately 40 pm, comprising a cooling station for cooling said material to a temperature within the range of about -40 ° F to about -450 ° F, a grinding station for reducing the particle size of the materials from said cooling, where said Grinding station includes a rotor operating at a top speed within the range of about 600 to about 1500 feet per second, and an atmosphere modifier for modifying the gaseous atmosphere within said grinding station.
- this device does not allow a subsequent separation of the crushed materials.
- the very low temperatures required for cooling generate high process costs.
- reference document US2016039118 defines a pyrolysis plant for the recovery of carbon fibers from composite materials.
- This pyrolysis plant comprises an elongated pyrolysis furnace for continuous pyrolysis of material that runs continuously during operation, an inlet station for introducing material to be processed in the pyrolysis furnace at one end, an outlet station for discharge that recovers the carbon fiber material from the pyrolysis furnace at its other end, a gas extraction device for pyrolysis gas produced in the furnace of pyrolysis, and a control device for the regulation of the individual components at least of the gas in the pyrolysis furnace.
- This pyrolysis furnace is an indirectly heated rotary tube-shaped furnace having at least the following components: an elongated rotary tube that forms the accommodation space for the material and is connected to the inlet station and the outlet station, with the rotating tube is provided on its cylindrical wall with outlet openings to discharge the pyrolysis gas formed during the pyrolysis over at least part of its length and, a housing isolated from the outside, which at least partly surrounds the rotating tube and has openings for the inlet station and optionally also for the outlet station and has discharge lines for the pyrolysis gas.
- a plurality of sections with gas at different adjustable temperatures are provided in the housing along the length of the rotating tube; wherein the outlet openings in the rotating tube are provided at least in the section having the highest gas temperature.
- the pyrolysis furnace has several sections formed by at least one heating zone, a first pyrolysis zone, a second pyrolysis zone and a cooling zone.
- composition of the gas and the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace in the various sections of the rotating tube can be regulated differently, with a defined proportion of oxygen and with a defined temperature in the first pyrolysis zone and with a defined proportion of oxygen and with a defined temperature in the second pyrolysis zone.
- both the input of the material, the heating thereof, the output of the gases, the separation of the fibers and decomposition of the matrix, and the output of said fibers are carried out in the same chamber. inside the oven, continuously, so that the product to be recycled enters through one end of the chamber and the resulting out the other.
- This camera is also in continuous rotation.
- the invention patent P201630474 refers to an installation for recycling composite materials with carbon fiber and / or fiberglass reinforcement, where said reinforcement is contained in a matrix together with which it forms said composite material, which It comprises a horizontal reactor divided into three sealed and independent zones, arranged in line and separated from each other by respective separation gates that allow the passage of the composite material to be recycled from one previous zone to the next only when the process in said previous zone has ended.
- the first zone further comprises an inlet gate for the composite material, a mechanism for rotating said composite material and first means of outlet for the gases generated by the decomposition of the matrix
- the second zone comprises air injectors and second means of exit of the gases generated by the reaction of the air with the residues of the matrix and
- the third zone comprises an outlet gate for the reinforcement material and means for cooling the reinforcement material.
- the installation allows the recycling of composite materials with fiberglass reinforcement, where said reinforcement is contained in a matrix together with which it forms said composite material, being able to treat both complete pieces and small pieces, previously divided. depending on its different variants of realization.
- the installation of the invention is constituted from a reactor that in the present case, and contrary to what happens conventionally, adopts a vertical arrangement, being formed by a cylindrical cavity that determines a treatment chamber , which is fed from the top automatically and unloaded from the bottom.
- the reactor also comprises a condenser heat exchanger designed to collect the condensable vapors obtained in the first part of the process and a decanter to clean the gases produced in the intermediate stage of the process of volatile impurities.
- the composite material to be recycled is supplied in small pieces, previously divided, or in larger pieces. size, it will be fed automatically, through an endless screw that doses and pours the material to be treated inside the treatment chamber, or discrete loads of different sizes will be fed through the upper section.
- the chamber comprises a permeable plate located above the inlet height of the material, which allows the passage of volatiles and not of the solids.
- the installation includes a hatch located in the lower part of the treatment chamber, which can be folded by external means, so as to allow the recycled product to exit the treatment chamber to another collection compartment, which comprises also a gas installation to avoid contact of the hot product with the outside air or oxygen.
- the cooling means can be materialized in multiple ways, such as a coil cooled by the passage of water, air cooling or by means of a cooled gas.
- the vertical reactor has a casing made of steel or aluminum at least on its outer surface, duly covered internally by a layer of thermal insulation, the vertical cylindrical chamber or treatment chamber being internally and concentrically to this, of a watertight construction.
- heating means are established, which can be materialized in an electric heating system, or a heating system of the treatment chamber by means of gaseous fuels through a burner that recirculates the gases around the treatment chamber.
- Another aspect is the existence of a gas circuit through which the interior of the treatment chamber is fed with a gas (nitrogen and / or oxygen) or gas mixtures through one or more injectors.
- the treatment chamber will have an outlet for evaporated gases arranged in correspondence with its upper zone, which includes a branching at its outlet, determining an outlet conduit for the evaporated gases to a liquefiable gas condenser exchanger and another to a pre-filtered decantation circuit.
- the path through which the volatiles generated will circulate will depend on the time of the cycle and is controlled by a three-way valve.
- this procedure comprises two main phases, which are determined below.
- a first phase is complete pyrolysis in which the composite material entering the chamber sealingly treatment of the vertical reactor which is heated to a temperature between 500 and 700 C and in a controlled atmosphere having absence of oxygen.
- the matrix is thermally decomposed without combustion. Due to the decomposition of the matrix, an outlet of evaporated gases is generated.
- the polymeric matrix of the composite material can be formed by any type of resin or even a polymer, being included in the term "resin” or "polymer", polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, bisphenolic or melanin.
- the reinforcing or reinforcing agent can be constituted by a glass fiber.
- Composite materials can contain other components in small proportions, to improve or enhance some of their characteristics or to help in their formation process, such as accelerators, colorants, fluidizers, catalysts, microspheres, foams, release agents, metal components, wood. or anti UV.
- the by-products obtained from pyrolysis are condensable liquids, the product of thermal cracking of the matrix, so depending on the incoming product, phenols, aliphatics, aromatics, etc. can be obtained.
- the gases obtained in this phase are condensable, mostly hydrocarbons.
- the gas mixture introduced in this second phase reacts with the matrix residues, generating the exit of gases due to said reaction that will circulate through the filtration and decantation circuit, the resulting material at the end of this part of the cycle being exclusively reinforcing material.
- the reinforcement material discharge gate is kept closed.
- Figure 1. Shows a schematic view of a longitudinal section of the installation for recycling composite materials with fiberglass reinforcement, made in accordance with the object of the invention, according to a first variant of the installation for the installation, wherein the heat generating means of the reactor is electrical.
- Figure 2. Shows a schematic view of a section according to an imaginary horizontal plane of the installation of the previous figure.
- Figure 3. Shows a view similar to that of figure 1, but corresponding to a variant embodiment in which the material to be recycled is supplied in small pieces or fractions, being fed through a hopper-screw assembly endless.
- Figure 4.- Shows a view similar to that of figure 1, but corresponding to a variant embodiment in which the heat-generating means in the reactor are embodied in a gas burner.
- Figure 5. Shows a schematic view of a section according to an imaginary horizontal plane of the installation of the previous figure.
- Figure 6.- shows a view similar to that of figure 4, but corresponding to a variant embodiment in which the material to be recycled is supplied in small pieces or fractions, being fed through a set hopper-auger.
- the installation for recycling composite materials with fiberglass reinforcement is constituted from a vertical reactor, in which a casing (3) participates, preferably made of steel or aluminum, with an internal layer of insulating material (4), such as refractory ceramic fiber and / or mineral rock wool, casing ( 3) inside which a sealed treatment chamber (6) is established, with a tubular configuration, vertically elongated and thermally conductive in nature.
- a casing (3) participates, preferably made of steel or aluminum, with an internal layer of insulating material (4), such as refractory ceramic fiber and / or mineral rock wool
- casing ( 3) inside which a sealed treatment chamber (6) is established, with a tubular configuration, vertically elongated and thermally conductive in nature.
- the composite material which can be of different sizes, is introduced into the treatment chamber (6) through the loading area (1), through a cover (2) with its corresponding thermal insulator, which communicates with the upper end of the said treatment chamber (6).
- an outlet conduit (9) is established for the gases generated in the decomposition of the matrix, a conduit that presents a bifurcation assisted by a three-way valve, which redirects the volatile towards a liquefiable gas condenser exchanger or a previous filtered decantation circuit, depending on the moment of the cycle in which the reactor is located.
- a system is established of heating by means of electric resistances (5), in charge of heating the treatment chamber (6).
- gas injectors (7) preferably nitrogen and oxygen, intended to produce a gasification of the material that makes up the matrix.
- the injectors (7) will include a flow regulator and a control solenoid valve, with diffusers for a more homogeneous application of said gases.
- the treatment chamber (6) is finished at the bottom in an outlet gate for the reinforcement material recovered in the process towards a collection container (8), which will be assisted by cooling means, either a coil cooled by means of the water passage that is introduced through a cooling water inlet and after traveling through the coil cooling the reinforcement material, exits through a cooling water outlet, recirculating in a closed circuit through an air cooler located outside the building .
- cooling means either a coil cooled by means of the water passage that is introduced through a cooling water inlet and after traveling through the coil cooling the reinforcement material, exits through a cooling water outlet, recirculating in a closed circuit through an air cooler located outside the building .
- the one shown in figure 3 when the material to be recycled is supplied in a small size, previously fragmented, starting from the same basic structuring of the reactor provided for the variant of figures 1 and 2 , it can be fed automatically through an external hopper (1 '), which feeds an endless screw (10) that passes through the casing (3) and the insulator (4), extending internally until the material is directly discharged into the treatment chamber (6), and more specifically in the upper zone of said treatment chamber (6), having provided that a permeable plate (15) is interposed above said discharge zone, which allows the passage of volatiles and does not of the solids, keeping the rest of the reactor components in a similar way to the previously described embodiment variant, with the exception of the condensable outlet conduit (9) which will be arranged this time in correspondence with the upper end of the treatment chamber (6 ).
- the heating means of the treatment chamber (6) could be replaced by gaseous fuel burners, more specifically through a burner (11) that recirculates the gases around the treatment chamber, counting for this with a chimney (13) for the expulsion of the gases generated by the combustion of said gaseous fuels, being able to take advantage of its residual heat through an exchanger (14) to optimize the process.
- the reactor in its variant embodiment in which the heating means of the treatment chamber (6) are embodied in gaseous fuel burners may be fed from the top, through the loading zone ( 1), through a cover (2) with its corresponding thermal insulator, which communicates with the upper end of said treatment chamber (6), as shown in figure 4, or through a hopper assembly (T) , worm screw (10), when the material to be recycled is supplied in small size elements, as shown in figure 6.
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Abstract
The installation comprises a vertical reactor with a single processing chamber (6), wherein there are means for heating said processing chamber, either by electric resistance heaters or gas burners, an airtight processing chamber (6) with a tubular, vertically elongated configuration, having superiorly an area for the loading of material, and an outlet duct (9) for the gases generated during the breakdown of the matrix, with means to selectively redirect the volatile gases toward a heat exchanger-condenser of liquefiable gases or to a decantation circuit subsequent to the filtration thereof; while in correspondence with its lower area it has a number of injectors (7) for the gasification of the material forming the matrix of the material, likewise an outlet gate to send the recovered reinforcement material toward a collection bin (8), aided by a refrigeration means.
Description
INSTALACIÓN PARA RECICLADO DE MATERIALES COMPUESTOS CON REFUERZO INSTALLATION FOR RECYCLING OF REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS
DE FIBRA DE VIDRIO
FIBERGLASS
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a una instalación para reciclado de materiales compuestos con refuerzo de fibra de vidrio, donde dicho refuerzo está contenido en una matriz junto a la que forma dicho material compuesto. The present invention refers to an installation for recycling composite materials with fiberglass reinforcement, where said reinforcement is contained in a matrix together with which it forms said composite material.
La invención se sitúa pues en el ámbito de la industria del reciclaje. The invention thus falls within the scope of the recycling industry.
El objeto de la invención es proporcionar una instalación de reciclado de este tipo de materiales con una estructuración más sencilla que las instalaciones convencionales, compacta, y sumamente eficaz, todo ello con un menor coste de implantación. The object of the invention is to provide a recycling facility for this type of materials with a simpler structuring than conventional facilities, compact, and highly efficient, all at a lower cost of implementation.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Los materiales compuestos son los que están formados por dos o más componentes, siendo las propiedades de dicho material compuesto, superiores a las que tienen los materiales constituyentes por separado. Composite materials are those that are formed by two or more components, the properties of said composite material being superior to those of the constituent materials separately.
Los materiales compuestos están formados por dos fases, una fase continua denominada matriz y otra fase dispersa denominada refuerzo. El refuerzo proporciona las propiedades mecánicas al material compuesto mientras que la matriz aporta la resistencia térmica y química. La matriz y el refuerzo se encuentran separados por la interfase. Composite materials are made up of two phases, a continuous phase called matrix and another dispersed phase called reinforcement. The reinforcement provides the mechanical properties to the composite material while the matrix provides the thermal and chemical resistance. The matrix and the reinforcement are separated by the interface.
El mercado de los materiales compuestos está experimentando crecimientos continuos cada año, por lo que además de ser materiales que cada vez están más presentes en nuestras vidas, también están más presentes como residuos una vez terminada su vida útil.
Para obtener la máxima calidad en el reciclado de los constituyentes, es necesario recuperar el material en el estado más cercano posible al original. Por tanto, en el caso de fibras provenientes de materiales compuestos de fibra continua, es necesario recuperar las fibras con ausencia total de residuos provenientes de la matriz, de manera que sea posible un aprovechamiento de dichas fibras. The market for composite materials is experiencing continuous growth every year, so that in addition to being materials that are increasingly present in our lives, they are also more present as waste once their useful life is over. To obtain the highest quality in the recycling of the constituents, it is necessary to recover the material in the closest possible state to the original. Therefore, in the case of fibers from continuous fiber composite materials, it is necessary to recover the fibers with the total absence of residues from the matrix, so that these fibers can be used.
Los dos métodos más empleados de reciclado de materiales compuestos en la actualidad son el reciclado mecánico, que destruye la mayor parte de las propiedades del material de base, y la incineración, que sólo permite la recuperación de energía. The two most widely used methods of recycling composite materials today are mechanical recycling, which destroys most of the properties of the base material, and incineration, which only allows energy recovery.
En tal sentido, en la patente de invención EP0750944, se describe un sistema de ultra-alto impacto de energía para reducir el tamaño de partícula de los materiales compuestos en un proceso de reciclado de los mismos, hasta un diámetro medio tan pequeño como aproximadamente 40 pm, que comprende una estación de enfriamiento para enfriar dicho material a una temperatura dentro del intervalo de aproximadamente -40 ° F a aproximadamente -450 ° F, una estación de molienda para reducir el tamaño de partícula de los materiales de dicho enfriado, donde dicha estación de molienda incluye un rotor que funciona a una velocidad de punta dentro del intervalo de aproximadamente 600 a aproximadamente 1500 pies por segundo y, un modificador de la atmósfera para la modificación de la atmósfera gaseosa dentro de dicha estación de molienda. In this sense, in the patent of invention EP0750944, an ultra-high energy impact system is described to reduce the particle size of composite materials in a recycling process thereof, down to an average diameter as small as approximately 40 pm, comprising a cooling station for cooling said material to a temperature within the range of about -40 ° F to about -450 ° F, a grinding station for reducing the particle size of the materials from said cooling, where said Grinding station includes a rotor operating at a top speed within the range of about 600 to about 1500 feet per second, and an atmosphere modifier for modifying the gaseous atmosphere within said grinding station.
En este caso, se describe un sistema de triturado de materiales previamente enfriados a una temperatura inferior a la temperatura de transición vitrea del material antes de ser triturado. Durante el machacado, los materiales son triturados en partículas más o menos del mismo tamaño. De este modo, es posible triturar por completo el material en partículas finas. In this case, a system is described for crushing materials previously cooled to a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the material before being crushed. During crushing, the materials are crushed into roughly the same size particles. In this way, it is possible to completely grind the material into fine particles.
Así pues, este dispositivo no permite una separación posterior de los materiales triturados. Además, las muy bajas temperaturas necesarias de enfriamiento generan unos elevados costes del proceso. Thus, this device does not allow a subsequent separation of the crushed materials. In addition, the very low temperatures required for cooling generate high process costs.
Por otra parte, el documento de referencia US2016039118, define una planta de pirólisis para la recuperación de fibras de carbono de materiales compuestos. Esta planta de pirólisis comprende un horno de pirólisis alargado para la pirólisis continua de material que funciona de forma continua durante el funcionamiento, una estación de entrada para introducir
material a procesar en el horno de pirólisis en un extremo, una estación de salida para la descarga que recupera el material de fibra de carbono del horno de pirólisis en su otro extremo, un dispositivo de extracción de gas para gas de pirólisis producida en el horno de pirólisis, y un dispositivo de control para la regulación de los componentes individuales al menos del gas en el horno de pirólisis. On the other hand, reference document US2016039118 defines a pyrolysis plant for the recovery of carbon fibers from composite materials. This pyrolysis plant comprises an elongated pyrolysis furnace for continuous pyrolysis of material that runs continuously during operation, an inlet station for introducing material to be processed in the pyrolysis furnace at one end, an outlet station for discharge that recovers the carbon fiber material from the pyrolysis furnace at its other end, a gas extraction device for pyrolysis gas produced in the furnace of pyrolysis, and a control device for the regulation of the individual components at least of the gas in the pyrolysis furnace.
Este horno de pirólisis es un horno con forma de tubo rotatorio calentado indirectamente que tiene al menos los siguientes componentes: un tubo rotatorio alargado que forma el espacio de alojamiento para el material y está conectado a la estación de entrada y la estación de salida, con el tubo giratorio está provisto en su pared cilindrica con aberturas de salida para descargar el gas de pirólisis formado durante la pirólisis sobre al menos parte de su longitud y, un alojamiento aislado del exterior, que por lo menos en parte rodea el tubo giratorio y tiene aberturas para la estación de entrada y, opcionalmente, también para la estación de salida y tiene líneas de descarga para el gas de pirólisis. This pyrolysis furnace is an indirectly heated rotary tube-shaped furnace having at least the following components: an elongated rotary tube that forms the accommodation space for the material and is connected to the inlet station and the outlet station, with the rotating tube is provided on its cylindrical wall with outlet openings to discharge the pyrolysis gas formed during the pyrolysis over at least part of its length and, a housing isolated from the outside, which at least partly surrounds the rotating tube and has openings for the inlet station and optionally also for the outlet station and has discharge lines for the pyrolysis gas.
Una pluralidad de secciones con gas a diferentes temperaturas regulables se proporcionan en la carcasa a lo largo de la longitud del tubo giratorio; en el que las aberturas de salida en el tubo giratorio se proporcionan al menos en la sección que tiene la temperatura del gas más alta. El horno de pirólisis tiene varias secciones formadas por al menos una zona de calentamiento, una primera zona de pirólisis, una segunda zona de pirólisis y una zona de enfriamiento. A plurality of sections with gas at different adjustable temperatures are provided in the housing along the length of the rotating tube; wherein the outlet openings in the rotating tube are provided at least in the section having the highest gas temperature. The pyrolysis furnace has several sections formed by at least one heating zone, a first pyrolysis zone, a second pyrolysis zone and a cooling zone.
La composición del gas y la temperatura en el horno de pirólisis en las diversas secciones del tubo giratorio se puede regular de forma diferente, con una proporción definida de oxígeno y con una temperatura definida en la primera zona de pirólisis y con una proporción definida de oxígeno y con una temperatura definida en la segunda zona de pirólisis. The composition of the gas and the temperature in the pyrolysis furnace in the various sections of the rotating tube can be regulated differently, with a defined proportion of oxygen and with a defined temperature in the first pyrolysis zone and with a defined proportion of oxygen and with a defined temperature in the second pyrolysis zone.
En este caso vemos que sí se utiliza oxígeno en el proceso de pirólisis por lo que precisa de un control exhaustivo de la atmósfera y temperatura internas para evitar que se llegue a la combustión. In this case we see that oxygen is used in the pyrolysis process so it requires exhaustive control of the internal atmosphere and temperature to prevent combustion from occurring.
Así mismo, en este proceso de pirólisis, tanto la entrada del material, el calentamiento del mismo, la salida de los gases, la separación de las fibras y descomposición de la matriz, y la salida de dichas fibras, se realizan en una misma cámara interior del horno, de forma continua, de manera que el producto a reciclar entra por un extremo de la cámara y el
resultante salen por el otro. Esta cámara además está en continua rotación. Likewise, in this pyrolysis process, both the input of the material, the heating thereof, the output of the gases, the separation of the fibers and decomposition of the matrix, and the output of said fibers, are carried out in the same chamber. inside the oven, continuously, so that the product to be recycled enters through one end of the chamber and the resulting out the other. This camera is also in continuous rotation.
De este modo, al estar sometido el material a rotación en todo momento, desde el principio cuando es un material compuesto hasta el final cuando está descompuesto en fibras y resinas, se genera una menor calidad del producto final. In this way, as the material is subjected to rotation at all times, from the beginning when it is a composite material to the end when it is decomposed into fibers and resins, a lower quality of the final product is generated.
Además, al realizarse todo el proceso de forma continua, el resultado obtenido, dado que todo el material se mantiene en la cámara durante todo el proceso y no existe una separación clara entre materiales con mayor o menor grado de separado en sus elementos constituyentes, es que el propio producto en las zonas de transición de unas condiciones de atmósfera controlada a otras se entremezcla y dificulta una mayor efectividad del proceso. In addition, when the entire process is carried out continuously, the result obtained, given that all the material is kept in the chamber throughout the process and there is no clear separation between materials with a greater or lesser degree of separation in their constituent elements, is that the product itself in the transition zones from some controlled atmosphere conditions to others gets mixed up and hinders a greater effectiveness of the process.
Por su parte, la patente de invención P201630474 se refiere a una instalación para reciclado de materiales compuestos con refuerzo de fibra de carbono y/o fibra de vidrio, donde dicho refuerzo está contenido en una matriz junto a la que forma dicho material compuesto, que comprende un reactor horizontal dividido en tres zonas estancas e independientes, dispuestas en línea y separadas entre sí mediante respectivas compuertas de separación que permiten el paso del material compuesto a reciclar de una zona previa a la siguiente sólo cuando ha terminado el proceso en dicha zona previa, donde la primera zona comprende además una compuerta de entrada del material compuesto, un mecanismo de rotación de dicho material compuesto y unos primeros medios de salida de los gases generados por la descomposición de la matriz, donde la segunda zona comprende unos inyectores de aire y unos segundos medios de salida de los gases generados por la reacción del aire con los residuos de la matriz y, donde la tercera zona comprende una compuerta de salida del material de refuerzo y unos medios de refrigeración del material de refuerzo. For its part, the invention patent P201630474 refers to an installation for recycling composite materials with carbon fiber and / or fiberglass reinforcement, where said reinforcement is contained in a matrix together with which it forms said composite material, which It comprises a horizontal reactor divided into three sealed and independent zones, arranged in line and separated from each other by respective separation gates that allow the passage of the composite material to be recycled from one previous zone to the next only when the process in said previous zone has ended. , where the first zone further comprises an inlet gate for the composite material, a mechanism for rotating said composite material and first means of outlet for the gases generated by the decomposition of the matrix, where the second zone comprises air injectors and second means of exit of the gases generated by the reaction of the air with the residues of the matrix and, where the The third zone comprises an outlet gate for the reinforcement material and means for cooling the reinforcement material.
Así pues, en dicha instalación participan múltiples cámaras independientes entre sí, lo que hace que la misma presente una gran volumetría, con una estructura compleja, además de precisar medios de arrastre del material de unas cámaras a otras, lo que se traduce en una instalación cara y difícil de implantar. Thus, in said installation multiple independent chambers participate, which makes it present a large volume, with a complex structure, in addition to requiring means of dragging the material from one chambers to another, which translates into an installation expensive and difficult to implant.
Similar situación se da en el caso de la patente de invención WO 2009090264, en la que se define una instalación/método para reciclar material compuesto que comprende fibras de carbono y una resina.
En ¡a instalación participa un horno con una zona de calentamiento, un transportador para transportar el material compuesto a través del horno; horno en el que está prevista la entrada de oxígeno controlada, de manera que en el mismo se eliminar la resina del material compuesto, a medida que viaja a través de la porción de calentamiento del horno en el transportador, mediante descomposición química a una primera temperatura, con la generación resultante de humos; en donde ios humos generados se eliminan de la porción de calentamiento de manera controlada, de modo que el porcentaje de oxígeno en la atmósfera en ¡a porción de calentamiento se controla. Consecuentemente, esta instalación presenta la misma problemática que la descrita para el documento P201630474. A similar situation occurs in the case of invention patent WO 2009090264, in which an installation / method for recycling composite material comprising carbon fibers and a resin is defined. The installation involves a furnace with a heating zone, a conveyor to transport the composite material through the furnace; furnace in which controlled oxygen inlet is provided, so that the resin is removed from the composite material therein, as it travels through the heating portion of the furnace on the conveyor, by chemical decomposition at a first temperature , with the resulting generation of smoke; wherein the fumes generated are removed from the heating portion in a controlled manner, so that the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere in the heating portion is controlled. Consequently, this installation presents the same problems as that described for document P201630474.
EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
La instalación para reciclado de materiales compuestos con refuerzo de fibra de vidrio que se preconiza resuelve de forma plenamente satisfactoria la problemática anteriormente expuesta, en base a una solución sencilla pero eficaz. The installation for recycling composite materials with fiberglass reinforcement that is recommended fully satisfactorily solves the aforementioned problems, based on a simple but effective solution.
De forma más concreta, la instalación permite el reciclado de materiales compuestos con refuerzo de fibra de vidrio, donde dicho refuerzo está contenido en una matriz junto a la que forma dicho material compuesto, pudiendo tratar tanto piezas completas como piezas de pequeño tamaño, previamente fraccionadas en función de sus diferentes variantes de realización. More specifically, the installation allows the recycling of composite materials with fiberglass reinforcement, where said reinforcement is contained in a matrix together with which it forms said composite material, being able to treat both complete pieces and small pieces, previously divided. depending on its different variants of realization.
En cualquiera de los casos, la instalación de la invención se constituye a partir de un reactor que en el presente caso, y en contra de lo que sucede convencionalmente, adopta una disposición vertical, estando formado por una cavidad cilindrica que determina una cámara de tratamiento, que se alimenta por la parte superior de forma automática y se descarga por la parte inferior. In any of the cases, the installation of the invention is constituted from a reactor that in the present case, and contrary to what happens conventionally, adopts a vertical arrangement, being formed by a cylindrical cavity that determines a treatment chamber , which is fed from the top automatically and unloaded from the bottom.
El reactor comprende además un intercambiador de calor condensador destinado a recoger los vapores condensables obtenidos en la primera parte del proceso y un decantador para limpiar de impurezas volátiles los gases producidos en la etapa intermedia del proceso. The reactor also comprises a condenser heat exchanger designed to collect the condensable vapors obtained in the first part of the process and a decanter to clean the gases produced in the intermediate stage of the process of volatile impurities.
Tal y como se ha dicho con anterioridad, en función de si el material compuesto a reciclar se suministra en piezas de pequeño tamaño, previamente fraccionadas, o en piezas de mayor
tamaño, éste se alimentará de forma automática, a través de un tornillo sinfín que dosifica y vierte el material a tratar en el interior de la cámara de tratamiento, o bien se alimentarán cargas discretas de distintos tamaños por la sección superior. As previously mentioned, depending on whether the composite material to be recycled is supplied in small pieces, previously divided, or in larger pieces. size, it will be fed automatically, through an endless screw that doses and pours the material to be treated inside the treatment chamber, or discrete loads of different sizes will be fed through the upper section.
De acuerdo con la realización en la que el reactor se alimenta a través de un tornillo sinfín, se ha previsto que la cámara comprenda una placa permeable situada por encima de la altura de entrada del material, que permite el paso de los volátiles y no de los sólidos. According to the embodiment in which the reactor is fed through an endless screw, it is provided that the chamber comprises a permeable plate located above the inlet height of the material, which allows the passage of volatiles and not of the solids.
En cualquiera de los casos, la instalación incluye una trampilla situada en la parte más baja de la cámara de tratamiento, abatible por medios externos, de manera que permite la salida de la cámara de tratamiento del producto reciclado a otro compartimento de recogida, que comprende además una instalación de gases para evitar el contacto del producto caliente con el aire exterior ó con oxígeno. In either case, the installation includes a hatch located in the lower part of the treatment chamber, which can be folded by external means, so as to allow the recycled product to exit the treatment chamber to another collection compartment, which comprises also a gas installation to avoid contact of the hot product with the outside air or oxygen.
Los medios de refrigeración podrán materializarse de múltiples maneras, tales como un serpentín refrigerado mediante el paso de agua, refrigeración por aire o mediante un gas enfriado. The cooling means can be materialized in multiple ways, such as a coil cooled by the passage of water, air cooling or by means of a cooled gas.
Por su parte, el reactor vertical presenta una carcasa formada por acero o aluminio al menos en su superficie exterior debidamente recubierta internamente mediante una capa de aislamiento térmica, siendo interna y concéntricamente a ésta la cámara cilindrica vertical o cámara de tratamiento, de construcción estanca. For its part, the vertical reactor has a casing made of steel or aluminum at least on its outer surface, duly covered internally by a layer of thermal insulation, the vertical cylindrical chamber or treatment chamber being internally and concentrically to this, of a watertight construction.
Exteriormente a dicha cámara de tratamiento, e interiormente al conjunto carcasa-aislante, se establecen unos medios de calentamiento, que pueden materializarse en un sistema de calefacción eléctrica, o bien un sistema de calentamiento de la cámara de tratamiento mediante combustibles gaseosos a través de un quemador que hace recircular los gases alrededor de la cámara de tratamiento. Externally to said treatment chamber, and internally to the casing-insulator assembly, heating means are established, which can be materialized in an electric heating system, or a heating system of the treatment chamber by means of gaseous fuels through a burner that recirculates the gases around the treatment chamber.
Otro aspecto, según una realización preferente es la existencia de un circuito de gases por el que se alimenta el interior de la cámara de tratamiento con un gas (nitrógeno y/u oxígeno) o mezclas de gases a través de uno o más inyectores. Another aspect, according to a preferred embodiment, is the existence of a gas circuit through which the interior of the treatment chamber is fed with a gas (nitrogen and / or oxygen) or gas mixtures through one or more injectors.
En cualquiera de los casos, la cámara de tratamiento dispondrá de una salida de gases evaporados dispuesta en correspondencia con su zona superior, que incluye una
ramificación a su salida, determinando un conducto de salida de los gases evaporados hacia un intercambiador condensador de gases licuables y otro a un circuito de decantación previo filtrado. El camino por el que circularán los volátiles generados dependerá del instante del ciclo y se controla mediante una válvula de tres vías. In either case, the treatment chamber will have an outlet for evaporated gases arranged in correspondence with its upper zone, which includes a branching at its outlet, determining an outlet conduit for the evaporated gases to a liquefiable gas condenser exchanger and another to a pre-filtered decantation circuit. The path through which the volatiles generated will circulate will depend on the time of the cycle and is controlled by a three-way valve.
En cuanto al procedimiento que se lleva a cabo en el seno de la instalación, este procedimiento comprende dos fases principales que son las que se determinan a continuación. As for the procedure carried out within the facility, this procedure comprises two main phases, which are determined below.
Una primera fase consiste en una pirólisis completa en la que el material compuesto entra en la cámara de tratamiento estanca del reactor vertical donde se calienta a una temperatura comprendida entre 500 y 700eC en una atmósfera controlada que presenta ausencia de oxígeno. En esta primera fase la matriz se descompone térmicamente sin combustionar. Debido a la descomposición de la matriz, se genera una salida de gases evaporados. A first phase is complete pyrolysis in which the composite material entering the chamber sealingly treatment of the vertical reactor which is heated to a temperature between 500 and 700 C and in a controlled atmosphere having absence of oxygen. In this first phase, the matrix is thermally decomposed without combustion. Due to the decomposition of the matrix, an outlet of evaporated gases is generated.
La matriz polimérica del material compuesto puede estar formada por cualquier tipo de resina o incluso un polímero, quedando incluidos en el término “resina” o “polímero”, el poliéster, éster de vinilo, epoxy, bisfenólica o melanina. The polymeric matrix of the composite material can be formed by any type of resin or even a polymer, being included in the term "resin" or "polymer", polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, bisphenolic or melanin.
El agente reforzante o refuerzo puede está constituido por una fibra de vidrio. The reinforcing or reinforcing agent can be constituted by a glass fiber.
Los materiales compuestos pueden contener otros componentes en pequeñas proporciones, para mejorar o potenciar alguna de sus características o bien para ayudar en su proceso de formación, como por ejemplo acelerantes, colorantes, fluidificadores, catalizadores, microesferas, espumas, desmoldeantes, componentes metálicos, madera o anti UV. Composite materials can contain other components in small proportions, to improve or enhance some of their characteristics or to help in their formation process, such as accelerators, colorants, fluidizers, catalysts, microspheres, foams, release agents, metal components, wood. or anti UV.
Así pues, los subproductos obtenidos de la pirólisis, son líquidos condensables producto del craqueo térmico de la matriz, por lo que dependiendo del producto entrante, se pueden obtener fenoles, alifáticos, aromáticos, etc. Los gases obtenidos en esta fase son condensables, en su mayor parte hidrocarburos. Thus, the by-products obtained from pyrolysis are condensable liquids, the product of thermal cracking of the matrix, so depending on the incoming product, phenols, aliphatics, aromatics, etc. can be obtained. The gases obtained in this phase are condensable, mostly hydrocarbons.
La mezcla de gases introducida en esta segunda fase reacciona con los residuos de la matriz, generando la salida de gases debidos a dicha reacción que se circulará por el
circuito de filtrado y decantación, siendo el material resultante al final de esta parte del ciclo el material de refuerzo exclusivamente. The gas mixture introduced in this second phase reacts with the matrix residues, generating the exit of gases due to said reaction that will circulate through the filtration and decantation circuit, the resulting material at the end of this part of the cycle being exclusively reinforcing material.
Posteriormente, una segunda fase que se inicia una vez ha terminado el proceso realizado anteriormente, pasando el producto obtenido a la zona de enfriamiento. En esta zona se realiza el enfriamiento del material de refuerzo mediante unos medios de refrigeración y sin contacto con el oxígeno del aire. Subsequently, a second phase that begins once the process carried out previously has finished, passing the product obtained to the cooling zone. In this area, the reinforcement material is cooled by means of cooling means and without contact with the oxygen in the air.
Durante el proceso que se lleva a cabo en esta fase, la compuerta de descarga del material de refuerzo, se mantiene cerrada. During the process carried out in this phase, the reinforcement material discharge gate is kept closed.
A partir de esta estructuración/proceso, se obtiene una mejora significativa del estado de la técnica. From this structuring / process, a significant improvement of the state of the art is obtained.
Esto es así pues, con una instalación simple (una zona única) de reducidas dimensiones, el procedimiento de reciclado se lleva a cabo en dos fases consiguiendo una eficaz separación del componente reciclable y una utilización de los gases. This is so, with a simple installation (a single zone) of reduced dimensions, the recycling process is carried out in two phases, achieving an efficient separation of the recyclable component and a use of the gases.
Con todo esto, resulta una instalación de reciclado más sencilla y más eficaz que las existentes hasta la actualidad, al igual que ocurre con la realización del procedimiento de reciclado en dicha instalación. With all this, it is a simpler and more efficient recycling facility than those existing to date, as is the case with carrying out the recycling procedure in said facility.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la descripción que seguidamente se va a realizar y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de planos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: To complement the description that is going to be made below and with the aim of helping a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of a practical embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented:
La Figura 1.- Muestra una vista esquemática de una sección longitudinal de la instalación para reciclado de materiales compuestos con refuerzo de fibra de vidrio, realizada de acuerdo con el objeto de la invención, de acuerdo con una primera variante de realización para la instalación, en la que los medios generadores de calor del reactor son eléctricos.
La Figura 2.- Muestra en una vista esquemática de una sección según un imaginario plano horizontal de la instalación de la figura anterior. Figure 1.- Shows a schematic view of a longitudinal section of the installation for recycling composite materials with fiberglass reinforcement, made in accordance with the object of the invention, according to a first variant of the installation for the installation, wherein the heat generating means of the reactor is electrical. Figure 2.- Shows a schematic view of a section according to an imaginary horizontal plane of the installation of the previous figure.
La figura 3.- Muestra una vista similar a la de la figura 1 , pero correspondiente a una variante de realización en la que el material a reciclar se suministra en piezas o fracciones de pequeño tamaño, siendo alimentado a través de un conjunto tolva-tornillo sinfín. Figure 3.- Shows a view similar to that of figure 1, but corresponding to a variant embodiment in which the material to be recycled is supplied in small pieces or fractions, being fed through a hopper-screw assembly endless.
La figura 4.- Muestra, una vista similar a la de la figura 1 , pero correspondiente a una variante de realización en la que los medios generadores de calor en el reactor se materializan en un quemador de gas. Figure 4.- Shows a view similar to that of figure 1, but corresponding to a variant embodiment in which the heat-generating means in the reactor are embodied in a gas burner.
La figura 5.- Muestra, una vista esquemática de una sección según un imaginario plano horizontal de la instalación de la figura anterior. Figure 5.- Shows a schematic view of a section according to an imaginary horizontal plane of the installation of the previous figure.
La figura 6.- Muestra, finalmente, una vista similar a la de la figura 4, pero correspondiente a una variante de realización en la que el material a reciclar se suministra en piezas o fracciones de pequeño tamaño, siendo alimentado a través de un conjunto tolva-tornillo sinfín. Figure 6.- Finally, shows a view similar to that of figure 4, but corresponding to a variant embodiment in which the material to be recycled is supplied in small pieces or fractions, being fed through a set hopper-auger.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
A la vista de las figuras reseñadas, y en especial de las figuras 1 y 2, puede observarse como la instalación para reciclado de materiales compuestos con refuerzo de fibra de vidrio, de acuerdo con una primera variante de realización prevista para la misma, está constituida a partir de un reactor vertical, en el que participa una carcasa (3), preferentemente de acero o de aluminio, con una capa interna de material aislante (4), tal como fibra cerámica refractaria y/o lana de roca mineral, carcasa (3) en cuyo interior se establece una cámara de tratamiento (6) estanca, de configuración tubular, alargada verticalmente y de naturaleza térmicamente conductora. In view of the figures outlined, and especially of Figures 1 and 2, it can be seen how the installation for recycling composite materials with fiberglass reinforcement, according to a first variant of embodiment provided for it, is constituted from a vertical reactor, in which a casing (3) participates, preferably made of steel or aluminum, with an internal layer of insulating material (4), such as refractory ceramic fiber and / or mineral rock wool, casing ( 3) inside which a sealed treatment chamber (6) is established, with a tubular configuration, vertically elongated and thermally conductive in nature.
El material compuesto que puede ser de diferentes tamaños, es introducido a la cámara de tratamiento (6) por la zona de carga (1), a través de una tapa (2) con su correspondiente aislante térmico, que comunica con el extremo superior de dicha cámara de tratamiento (6).
En proximidad a dicha zona superior de la cámara de tratamiento (6) se establece un conducto de salida (9) para los gases generados en la descomposición de la matriz, conducto que presenta una bifurcación asistida por una válvula de tres vías, que redirige los volátiles hacia un intercambiador condensador de gases licuables o a un circuito de decantación previo filtrado, dependiendo del instante del ciclo en que se encuentre el reactor. The composite material, which can be of different sizes, is introduced into the treatment chamber (6) through the loading area (1), through a cover (2) with its corresponding thermal insulator, which communicates with the upper end of the said treatment chamber (6). In proximity to said upper zone of the treatment chamber (6) an outlet conduit (9) is established for the gases generated in the decomposition of the matrix, a conduit that presents a bifurcation assisted by a three-way valve, which redirects the volatile towards a liquefiable gas condenser exchanger or a previous filtered decantation circuit, depending on the moment of the cycle in which the reactor is located.
Siguiendo con el ejemplo de realización descrito, en el seno del reactor, es decir, en el espacio que se define entre la cámara de tratamiento (6) y la carcasa (3) y aislante (4) de la misma, se establece un sistema de calefacción mediante resistencias eléctricas (5), encargadas de calentar la cámara de tratamiento (6). Continuing with the described embodiment, within the reactor, that is, in the space defined between the treatment chamber (6) and the casing (3) and insulator (4) thereof, a system is established of heating by means of electric resistances (5), in charge of heating the treatment chamber (6).
En proximidad con la zona inferior de dicha cámara de tratamiento (6) se establecen unos inyectores (7) de gases, preferentemente nitrógeno y oxígeno, destinados a producir una gasificación del material que conforma la matriz. Los inyectores (7) incluirán un regulador de caudal y una electroválvula de control, contando con difusores para una aplicación más homogénea de dichos gases. In the vicinity of the lower zone of said treatment chamber (6) there are gas injectors (7), preferably nitrogen and oxygen, intended to produce a gasification of the material that makes up the matrix. The injectors (7) will include a flow regulator and a control solenoid valve, with diffusers for a more homogeneous application of said gases.
Finalmente, la cámara de tratamiento (6) se remata inferiormente en una compuerta de salida del material de refuerzo recuperado en el proceso hacia un recipiente de recogida (8), el cual estará asistido por unos medios de refrigeración, ya sea un serpentín refrigerado mediante el paso de agua que se introduce por una entrada de agua de enfriamiento y tras recorrer el serpentín enfriando el material de refuerzo, sale por una salida del agua de enfriamiento, recirculando en circuito cerrado a través de una aerorefrigerador situado en el exterior de la nave. Finally, the treatment chamber (6) is finished at the bottom in an outlet gate for the reinforcement material recovered in the process towards a collection container (8), which will be assisted by cooling means, either a coil cooled by means of the water passage that is introduced through a cooling water inlet and after traveling through the coil cooling the reinforcement material, exits through a cooling water outlet, recirculating in a closed circuit through an air cooler located outside the building .
De acuerdo con una segunda variante de realización práctica, la mostrada en la figura 3, cuando el material a reciclar se suministra en un tamaño pequeño, previamente fragmentado, partiendo de la misma estructuración básica del reactor prevista para la variante de las figuras 1 y 2, éste podrá ser alimentado de forma automática a través de una tolva (1’) externa, que alimenta un tornillo sinfín (10) que atraviesa la carcasa (3) y el aislante (4), prolongándose interiormente hasta descargar directamente el material en la cámara de tratamiento (6), y más concretamente en la zona superior de dicha cámara de tratamiento (6), habiéndose previsto que superiormente a dicha zona de descarga se interponga una placa permeable (15), que permite el paso de los volátiles y no de los
sólidos, manteniéndose el resto de componentes del reactor de forma análoga a la variante de realización anteriormente descrita, a excepción de la conducción de salida de condensables (9) que se dispondrá esta vez en correspondencia con el extremo superior de la cámara de tratamiento (6). According to a second variant of practical embodiment, the one shown in figure 3, when the material to be recycled is supplied in a small size, previously fragmented, starting from the same basic structuring of the reactor provided for the variant of figures 1 and 2 , it can be fed automatically through an external hopper (1 '), which feeds an endless screw (10) that passes through the casing (3) and the insulator (4), extending internally until the material is directly discharged into the treatment chamber (6), and more specifically in the upper zone of said treatment chamber (6), having provided that a permeable plate (15) is interposed above said discharge zone, which allows the passage of volatiles and does not of the solids, keeping the rest of the reactor components in a similar way to the previously described embodiment variant, with the exception of the condensable outlet conduit (9) which will be arranged this time in correspondence with the upper end of the treatment chamber (6 ).
Paralelamente, y de acuerdo con otras dos variantes de realización de la instalación en función de los medios de alimentación del material compuesto, las mostradas en las figuras 4 a 6, los medios de calentamiento de la cámara de tratamiento (6) podrían ser sustituidos por quemadores de combustibles gaseosos, más concretamente a través de un quemador (11) que hace recircular los gases alrededor de la cámara de tratamiento, contando para ello con una chimenea (13) de expulsión de los gases generados por la combustión de dichos combustibles gaseosos, pudiendo aprovechar su calor residual a través de un intercambiador (14) para optimizar el proceso. At the same time, and in accordance with two other variants of embodiment of the installation depending on the feeding means of the composite material, those shown in Figures 4 to 6, the heating means of the treatment chamber (6) could be replaced by gaseous fuel burners, more specifically through a burner (11) that recirculates the gases around the treatment chamber, counting for this with a chimney (13) for the expulsion of the gases generated by the combustion of said gaseous fuels, being able to take advantage of its residual heat through an exchanger (14) to optimize the process.
Tal y como se ha dicho con anterioridad, el reactor en su variante de realización en el que los medios de calentamiento de la cámara de tratamiento (6) se materializan en quemadores de combustibles gaseosos, podrá ser alimentado superiormente, por la zona de carga (1), a través de una tapa (2) con su correspondiente aislante térmico, que comunica con el extremo superior de dicha cámara de tratamiento (6), tal como muestra la figura 4, o bien a través de un conjunto tolva (T), tornillo sinfín (10), cuando el material a reciclar se suministra en elementos de pequeño tamaño, tal como muestra la figura 6. As mentioned previously, the reactor in its variant embodiment in which the heating means of the treatment chamber (6) are embodied in gaseous fuel burners, may be fed from the top, through the loading zone ( 1), through a cover (2) with its corresponding thermal insulator, which communicates with the upper end of said treatment chamber (6), as shown in figure 4, or through a hopper assembly (T) , worm screw (10), when the material to be recycled is supplied in small size elements, as shown in figure 6.
Se consigue de esta forma una instalación para reciclado y un procedimiento de reciclado muy eficaces, cuyo resultado es un material de refuerzo de gran calidad y unos gases que pueden ser reutilizables y ello con un bajo coste y una gran sencillez de la instalación.
In this way, a very efficient recycling facility and recycling procedure is achieved, the result of which is a high-quality reinforcing material and gases that can be reusable, at a low cost and with great simplicity of installation.
Claims
1a.- Instalación para reciclado de materiales compuestos con refuerzo de fibra de vidrio, donde dicho refuerzo está contenido en una matriz junto a la que forma dicho material compuesto, caracterizada porque está constituida a partir de un reactor vertical, en el que participa una carcasa (3), con una capa interna de material aislante (4), a base de fibra cerámica refractaria y/o lana de roca mineral, carcasa (3) en cuyo interior se establece una única cámara de tratamiento (6) estanca, de configuración tubular, alargada verticalmente y de naturaleza térmicamente conductora, habiéndose previsto que entre el conjunto carcasa (3)-aislante (4) y la cámara de tratamiento (6) se establezcan medios de calentamiento de la cámara de tratamiento (6), incluyendo dicha cámara de tratamiento (6) medios de alimentación del material a reciclar en correspondencia con su zona superior, así como al menos un conducto de salida (9) para los gases generados en la descomposición de la matriz, con medios para redirigir selectivamente los volátiles hacia un intercambiador condensador de gases licuables o a un circuito de decantación previo filtrado, mientras que en correspondencia con la zona inferior de la cámara de tratamiento (6) se establecen unos inyectores (7) de gasificación del material que conforma la matriz del material, materializados en inyectores de nitrógeno y oxígeno o mezcla de otros gases, incluyendo un regulador de caudal y una electroválvula de control, inyectores (7) inferiormente a los cuales la cámara de tratamiento (6) incluye una compuerta de salida del material de refuerzo recuperado hacia un recipiente de recogida (8), asistido por unos medios de refrigeración, con la particularidad de que el conducto de salida (9) para los gases generados en la descomposición de la matriz, presenta una bifurcación asistida por una válvula de tres vías, que redirige los volátiles hacia un intercambiador condensador de gases licuables o a un circuito de decantación previo filtrado. 1 .- Installation for recycling composite materials reinforced with glass fiber, wherein said reinforcing member is contained in a matrix form along which said composite, characterized in that is constituted from a vertical reactor, which involves a casing (3), with an internal layer of insulating material (4), based on refractory ceramic fiber and / or mineral rock wool, casing (3) inside which a single sealed treatment chamber (6) is established, of tubular configuration, vertically elongated and thermally conductive in nature, having provided that between the casing (3) -insulating (4) and the treatment chamber (6) there are means of heating the treatment chamber (6), including said treatment chamber (6) means for feeding the material to be recycled in correspondence with its upper zone, as well as at least one outlet conduit (9) for the gases generated in the decomposition of the matrix, with means to selectively redirect the volatiles towards a liquefiable gas condenser exchanger or a pre-filtered decantation circuit, while in correspondence with the lower zone of the treatment chamber (6) some injectors (7) for gasification of the material that make up the matrix of the material, materialized in injectors of nitrogen and oxygen or a mixture of other gases, including a flow regulator and a control solenoid valve, injectors (7) below which the treatment chamber (6) includes a material outlet gate of reinforcement recovered towards a collection container (8), assisted by cooling means, with the particularity that the outlet conduit (9) for the gases generated in the decomposition of the matrix, presents a bifurcation assisted by a valve of three-way, which redirects the volatiles to a liquefied gas condenser exchanger or to a pre-filtered decantation circuit .
2a.- Instalación para reciclado de materiales compuestos con refuerzo de fibra de vidrio, según reivindicación 1a, caracterizada porque los medios de calentamiento de la cámara de tratamiento (6) se materializan en un sistema de calefacción mediante resistencias eléctricas (5). 2 .- Installation for recycling composite materials reinforced with glass fiber, according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating means of the treatment chamber (6) are embodied in a heating electric resistances (5).
3a.- Instalación para reciclado de materiales compuestos con refuerzo de fibra de vidrio, según reivindicación 1a, caracterizada porque los medios de calentamiento de la cámara de tratamiento (6) se materializan en quemadores de combustibles gaseosos.
4a.- Instalación para reciclado de materiales compuestos con refuerzo de fibra de vidrio, según reivindicación 1a, caracterizada porque los medios de alimentación de la cámara de tratamiento (6) con el material a reciclar se materializan en una zona de carga (1), provista de una tapa (2) con su correspondiente aislante térmico, que comunica con el extremo superior de la cámara de tratamiento (6). 3 .- Installation for recycling composite materials reinforced with glass fiber, according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating means of the treatment chamber (6) are embodied in burners for gas fuel. 4 .- Installation for recycling composite materials reinforced with glass fiber, according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding means of the treatment chamber (6) with the material to be recycled are embodied in a loading zone (1 ), provided with a cover (2) with its corresponding thermal insulator, which communicates with the upper end of the treatment chamber (6).
5a.- Instalación para reciclado de materiales compuestos con refuerzo de fibra de vidrio, según reivindicación 1a, caracterizada porque los medios de alimentación de la cámara de tratamiento (6) con el material a reciclar se materializan en una una tolva (1’) externa, que alimenta un tornillo sinfín (10) que atraviesa la carcasa (3) y el aislante (4), prolongándose interiormente hasta descargar directamente el material en la cámara de tratamiento (6) en la zona superior de ésta, habiéndose previsto que superiormente a dicha zona de descarga se interponga una placa permeable (15) a los volátiles e impermeable a los sólidos. 6a.- Instalación para reciclado de materiales compuestos con refuerzo de fibra de vidrio, según reivindicación 1a, caracterizada porque los medios de refrigeración del recipiente de recogida (8) se materializan en un serpentín refrigerado mediante agua y asistido por un aerorefrigerador.
5 .- Installation for recycling composite materials reinforced with glass fiber, according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding means of the treatment chamber (6) with the material to be recycled are reflected in a hopper (1 ' ) external, which feeds an endless screw (10) that passes through the casing (3) and the insulator (4), extending internally until the material is directly discharged into the treatment chamber (6) in the upper zone of the latter, having provided that A plate permeable to volatile and impermeable to solids is interposed above said discharge zone. 6 .- Installation for recycling composite materials reinforced with glass fiber, according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling means of the collection container (8) are embodied in a coil cooled by water and assisted by a dry cooler.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESP202030110 | 2020-02-11 | ||
| ES202030110A ES2758184A1 (en) | 2020-02-11 | 2020-02-11 | Installation for recycling composite materials with carbon fiber and/or fiberglass reinforcement and procedure for the implementation of the installation. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2021160915A2 true WO2021160915A2 (en) | 2021-08-19 |
| WO2021160915A3 WO2021160915A3 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
| WO2021160915A9 WO2021160915A9 (en) | 2022-01-06 |
Family
ID=70453519
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2021/070097 WO2021160915A2 (en) | 2020-02-11 | 2021-02-11 | Installation for recycling compound materials with glass fibre reinforcement |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2758184A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021160915A2 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0750944A1 (en) | 1995-06-30 | 1997-01-02 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Ultra-high energy cryogenic impact system |
| WO2009090264A1 (en) | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-23 | Milled Carbon Limited | Recycling carbon fibre |
| US20160039118A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2016-02-11 | Elg Carbon Fibre International Gmbh | Pyrolysis system and method of recovering carbon fibres from carbon-fibre-containing plastics |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5198018A (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1993-03-30 | General Motors Corporation | Pyrolysis process and apparatus |
| ITRM20020217A1 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-10-20 | Enea Ente Nuove Tec | PROCEDURE FOR THE RECOVERY OF CARBON AND / OR GLASS FIBERS FROM COMPOSITES OF THE SAME IN POLYMERIC MATRICES, AND MEANS FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION |
| KR101754384B1 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-07-05 | 재단법인 한국탄소융합기술원 | Carbon Fiber Production Method Using Thermal Decomposition of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics and Carbon Fiber |
| CN107129593A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-09-05 | 鲍明兰 | Fiberglass recovery system and its recovery method |
| KR20190131257A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2019-11-26 | 현대자동차주식회사 | A method of retrieving carbon fiber by thermal decomposition of carbon fiber composite material |
-
2020
- 2020-02-11 ES ES202030110A patent/ES2758184A1/en active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-02-11 WO PCT/ES2021/070097 patent/WO2021160915A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0750944A1 (en) | 1995-06-30 | 1997-01-02 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Ultra-high energy cryogenic impact system |
| WO2009090264A1 (en) | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-23 | Milled Carbon Limited | Recycling carbon fibre |
| US20160039118A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 | 2016-02-11 | Elg Carbon Fibre International Gmbh | Pyrolysis system and method of recovering carbon fibres from carbon-fibre-containing plastics |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021160915A3 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
| ES2758184A1 (en) | 2020-05-04 |
| WO2021160915A9 (en) | 2022-01-06 |
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