WO2021155417A1 - Dispositif reformeur de protection pour protection de section d'anode d'empilement de piles à combustible - Google Patents

Dispositif reformeur de protection pour protection de section d'anode d'empilement de piles à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021155417A1
WO2021155417A1 PCT/AT2021/060044 AT2021060044W WO2021155417A1 WO 2021155417 A1 WO2021155417 A1 WO 2021155417A1 AT 2021060044 W AT2021060044 W AT 2021060044W WO 2021155417 A1 WO2021155417 A1 WO 2021155417A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
section
anode
reformer
gas
fuel cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2021/060044
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Raphael NEUBAUER
Thomas Krauss
Original Assignee
Avl List Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Avl List Gmbh filed Critical Avl List Gmbh
Priority to CN202180012323.0A priority Critical patent/CN115039261A/zh
Priority to US17/792,743 priority patent/US20230037576A1/en
Priority to DE112021000912.5T priority patent/DE112021000912A5/de
Publication of WO2021155417A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021155417A1/fr
Priority to ZA2022/08649A priority patent/ZA202208649B/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
    • A47F5/00—Show stands, hangers, or shelves characterised by their constructional features
    • A47F5/10—Adjustable or foldable or dismountable display stands
    • A47F5/11—Adjustable or foldable or dismountable display stands made of cardboard, paper or the like
    • A47F5/112—Adjustable or foldable or dismountable display stands made of cardboard, paper or the like hand-folded from sheet material
    • A47F5/114—Adjustable or foldable or dismountable display stands made of cardboard, paper or the like hand-folded from sheet material in the form of trays with a base
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
    • A47F5/00—Show stands, hangers, or shelves characterised by their constructional features
    • A47F5/16—Platform-type show stands with flat, inclined, or curved upper surface
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
    • A47F7/00—Show stands, hangers, or shelves, adapted for particular articles or materials
    • A47F7/0071—Show stands, hangers, or shelves, adapted for particular articles or materials for perishable goods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04328—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04335—Temperature; Ambient temperature of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
    • H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
    • A47F5/00—Show stands, hangers, or shelves characterised by their constructional features
    • A47F5/16—Platform-type show stands with flat, inclined, or curved upper surface
    • A47F2005/165—Platform-type show stands with flat, inclined, or curved upper surface with inclined display surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a protective reformer device for protecting an anode section of a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell system with such a protective reformer device and a method for protecting an anode section of a fuel cell stack.
  • the anode sections must be protected in certain operating situations. This is particularly true when the fuel cell stack is heated up. From a critical limit temperature of, for example, about 400 ° Celsius in the anode section, undesired oxidation could damage or even delaminate catalytic layers in the anode section. In order to avoid this undesirable oxidizing damage, it is known to flush the anode section with a protective gas from an external gas supply during the heating process. It is also known to apply an electrical voltage to the anode section during the Auffilvor transition in order to protect the anode section from oxidation in an electrical manner.
  • the above object is achieved by a protective reformer device with the features of claim 1, a fuel cell system with the features of claim 10 and a method with the features of claim 13. Further features and details of the invention emerge from the subclaims, the description and the Drawings.
  • a protective reformer device is designed to protect an anode section of a fuel cell stack from oxidative damage during a heating process.
  • the protective reformer device has a gas channel with a gas inlet and a gas outlet for guiding fuel gas from an anode feed section of the fuel cell stack.
  • a catalytic converter section is arranged in the gas channel for catalytic oxidation of at least part of the fuel gas into a protective gas for supply to the anode section.
  • the gas duct is also equipped with a temperature control device which is in heat transferring contact with the catalyst section for active temperature control of the catalyst section.
  • a protective reformer device can also be characterized as an additional reformer device or microreformer device for the purposes of the present invention.
  • Such a protective reformer device is therefore essentially only used to generate the protective gas and not to process the fuel gas for normal operational use of the fuel gas behind the fuel cell stack.
  • the protective gas can now be produced directly within the fuel cell system during the heating process. A separate connection to a protective gas source is no longer necessary for this. The functionality of this protective gas production is explained in more detail below.
  • the fuel cell stack and in particular the anode section will reach a critical temperature of, for example, approximately 400 ° Celsius at a certain heating time.
  • a critical temperature for example, approximately 400 ° Celsius at a certain heating time.
  • the protective reformer device For this purpose, it must be converted into a reforming state, i.e. into a state in which the catalytic oxidation can be carried out.
  • catalyst sections for the oxidation of fuel gas or fuel gas are designed with operating temperatures between approximately 200 ° Celsius and approximately 600 ° Celsius.
  • the fuel gas introduced is now at least partially catalytically oxidized by the catalyst section brought to operating temperature by means of the temperature control device, so that a protective gas is generated from the fuel gas.
  • a protective gas has, according to the invention, in particular the constituents hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
  • the protective gas produced in this way is now fed through the anode feed section from the gas outlet to the anode section, so that a reducing protective gas atmosphere is generated there at the latest when the critical temperature of approx. 400 ° Celsius is reached.
  • a separate gas supply with protective gas is no longer necessary, since the protective gas can rather be generated integrally by the protective reformer device within the fuel cell system. It is often necessary to apply a voltage to protect the fuel cell stack. This puts additional strain on the entire fuel cell system. This disadvantage is overcome or at least reduced by using protective gas.
  • a protection facility is given to protect the anode section of the fuel cell stack from oxidative damage during the heating process.
  • the protective reformer device is located directly in the anode feed section or in a bypass of the anode feed section. It is also easy to see here that the protective reformer device is an additional reformer in addition to the normal conditioning reformer for the fuel gas.
  • the protective reformer device and in particular also the catalyst section can be made significantly smaller, since the protective gas does not have to flow continuously through the anode section for the protective effect, but has to fill it essentially only once in order to form the reducing atmosphere with the protective effect. It is thus sufficient if the fuel gas sweeps over the catalyst section once during the heating process at low flow rates and low volume throughput and in this way the protective and reducing atmosphere is created in the anode section.
  • the catalyst section has no or essentially no effect at high volume flows and a correspondingly lower residence time of the fuel gas on the catalyst section.
  • the protective reformer device has no or essentially no effect, so that it can be made correspondingly small and compact with regard to the exclusive protection functionality.
  • catalytic oxidation reactions can be carried out during the reaction at the catalyst section.
  • steam reforming SR
  • Partial catalytic oxidation CPOX
  • a complete or essentially complete oxidizing conversion of fuel gas into the protective gas is also possible in principle.
  • the temperature control device is designed as a heating device, as a cooling device or as a combined heating and cooling device.
  • a heating function is advantageously integrated into the temperature control device. This is particularly advantageous during a heating process if it is to be ensured that the catalyst section is already in its operating window to reach a critical anode temperature and can thus produce the protective gas or the protective gas has already been produced.
  • a cooling functionality may also be necessary or advantageous during the further heating process in order to avoid damage to the catalyst section during the heating phase.
  • the temperature control device is designed for maximum flexibility in the use of the protective reformer device both as a heating device and as a cooling device.
  • the heat source or the cold source can be freely selected depending on the area of application and, in particular, can be connected to the existing heat sources or the existing cold sources in the fuel cell system.
  • the temperature control device is at least partially designed as an independent temperature control device independent of the fluid flows of the fuel cell stack.
  • a separate heating medium circuit or a separate cooling circuit can equip this temperature control device with cold or heat.
  • An electrically operated heater as a temperature control device is also fundamentally conceivable here.
  • separate temperature control devices can also be combined with heat exchangers, as will be explained below.
  • a separately designed temperature control device brings increased flexibility in the Control of the temperature control device with it, so that the temperature control can be carried out in particular without influence and without dependence on the rest of the fuel cell system.
  • the temperature control device is at least partially designed as a heat exchanger, the gas channel forming a first heat exchanger side of the heat exchanger.
  • a heat exchanger design makes it possible to provide temperature control in a separate manner, as explained in the preceding paragraph, but also in combination with fluid flows of the fuel cell system, as will be explained below.
  • the first heat exchanger side can be designed as a cold heat exchanger side if the temperature control device is configured for heating. If a cooling situation is desired, the first heat exchanger side can also be defined as the hot heat exchanger side, the second opposite heat exchanger side correspondingly providing the cooling function as the cold side.
  • the second heat exchanger side is particularly, as will be explained in more detail below, combined with fluid flows in the fuel cell system. Switching between the cooling function and the meat function is also fundamentally possible within the scope of the present invention, for example by switching the corresponding valves in the supply to the second heat exchanger side of the heat exchanger.
  • the second heat exchanger side of the heat exchanger is at least partially formed by a cathode feed section of the fuel cell stack.
  • a cathode feed section is, in particular, the feed of air or oxygen in order to make the corresponding starting materials available on the cathode section.
  • outside air or supplied oxygen can form this cold source here.
  • the second heat exchanger side of the heat exchanger is at least partially covered by a cathode discharge section of the fuel cell stack. pels is formed.
  • the exhaust gas from the cathode side is fed back to the second heat exchanger side via the cathode discharge section.
  • Heating and thus a heat source on the second heat exchanger side can also be ensured.
  • He warmed exhaust gas from the cathode section can now transfer his heat via the heat exchanger to the first heat exchanger side and there to the fuel gas or the cathode section. This can be implemented directly after the cathode section, but also, for example, after an upstream normal heat exchanger of the normal operating reformer.
  • the second heat exchanger side of the heat exchanger is at least partially formed by an anode discharge section of the fuel cell stack.
  • the anode exhaust gas can now also be introduced into the second heat exchanger side via the anode discharge section and the corresponding residual heat used to heat up the catalyst section.
  • Upstream aftertreatment of the anode exhaust gas for example an oxidation catalytic converter or other heat exchangers for processing the heat, is also conceivable here.
  • valve devices can of course be used to feed the individual fluid flows of the fuel cell stack to the second heat exchanger side of the heat exchanger depending on the desired heat or cooling requirement.
  • At least one valve device is upstream of the second heat exchanger side of the heat exchanger for a variation of the fluid supplied to the second heat exchanger side.
  • a multi-turn valve is located upstream of the second heat exchanger side and that both an anode discharge section and the cathode discharge section as well as the cathode feed section are fed to this valve device.
  • a purely qualitative valve of the valve device can now be used to switch between these gas flows and the temperature of the protective reformer device and thus the catalyst section can be controlled or regulated on the basis of the heat or cold of the respective gas flow.
  • a quantitative ves switching take place in order to vary the mixing ratios of the supplied fluids and in this way to ensure mixing temperatures on the second heat exchanger side for an even more detailed and more precise control of the temperature of the catalytic converter section.
  • a Ventilvor direction is thus equipped with appropriate temperature sensors for the supplied and the mixed fluids and with flow measuring elements.
  • the gas duct and / or the catalytic converter section are produced at least in sections in a build-up process.
  • This is, for example, a so-called 3D printing process that uses metal materials in particular.
  • the use of several components in the printing process makes it possible to print the catalytic converter section together with the gas duct and thus to produce it in a build-up process.
  • This allows the protective reformer device to be made available even with very small dimensions through the use of the metallic Ma materials. In other words, it is possible in this way to make the protective reformer device even smaller, more compact and inexpensive.
  • the present invention also relates to a fuel cell system comprising: at least one fuel cell stack with an anode section and a cathode section, an anode feed section for feeding reformed anode feed gas from a reformer to the anode section, a cathode feed section for feeding cathode feed gas to the cathode section, a reformer for reforming of reformer feed gas, a reformer feed section for feeding the reformer feed gas to the reformer, an anode discharge section for discharging anode exhaust gas, a cathode discharge section for discharging cathode exhaust gas.
  • a protective reformer device is arranged in the anode feed section between the reformer and the anode section.
  • a fuel cell system according to the invention thus has the same advantages as has been explained in detail with reference to a protective reformer device according to the invention.
  • the protective reformer device can be introduced into the Anodenzumaterab section both in a direct manner and in an indirect manner, as will be explained in more detail later.
  • the anode feed section has a main anode feed section and a bypass anode feed section.
  • the protective reformer device is arranged in the bypass anode feed section.
  • the protective reformer device can also be switched off by being decoupled from the main anode feed section in a fluid-tight manner. It is thus possible for the protective reformer device to be activated by the corresponding valve circuit only during the heating operation. In normal operation, no fuel gas flows through the bypass anode feed section and thus also not through the protective reformer device.
  • a starting burner device is arranged in the cathode feed section, in the cathode discharge section and / or in the anode discharge section. This makes it possible to support the heating phase and to actively heat up the respective fluid flow.
  • a starting burner device can at least partially provide the desired heat source both electrically and in a correspondingly exothermic conversion of the gas carried therein.
  • a heat supply can be switched on and off in this way.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for protecting an anode section of a fuel cell stack of a fuel cell system according to the invention, comprising the following steps:
  • Reformer device Cooling and / or heating of the protective reformer device based on the monitored temperature by means of the temperature control device.
  • a method according to the invention brings with it the same advantages as have been explained in detail with reference to a fuel cell system according to the invention and with reference to a protective reformer device according to the invention.
  • the point in time from which the protective gas atmosphere is to be made available in the anode section can be flexibly selected in this way. As has already been explained, this can be useful even before a critical temperature is reached in the anode section, so that targeted temperature management on the protective reformer device makes the protective gas atmosphere available in the desired manner.
  • This targeted controllability makes it possible to design the protective reformer device to be significantly smaller than is the case with a normal operational reformer device.
  • the step of cooling and / or heating is carried out on the basis of a predetermined operating corri dors of the protective reformer device.
  • This operating corridor is a temperature corridor for the protective reformer device and is, for example, between approximately 200 ° Celsius and approximately 600 ° Celsius. In this way, the reformer functionality is ensured at the catalyst section and at the same time damage to the reformer and / or the fuel cell stack due to excessively high temperatures is avoided.
  • the step of cooling and / or heating is carried out on the basis of a minimum anode temperature and / or a maximum temperature difference to a cathode temperature of the cathode section of the fuel cell stack.
  • a minimum anode temperature and / or a maximum temperature difference to a cathode temperature of the cathode section of the fuel cell stack can be done as an alternative or in addition to the control functionality in the preceding paragraph.
  • other temperatures or sensor parameters can also be used in order to carry out a method according to the invention with greater flexibility and greater control accuracy.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a protective reformer device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a protective reformer device according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the invention
  • Fig. 5 shows a further embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 an embodiment of a protective reformer device 10 according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • This is designed with a gas channel 20 through which fuel gas is supplied via a gas inlet 22 and the fuel gas or the protective gas generated can be discharged again via the gas outlet 24.
  • fuel gas is now supplied to the gas channel 20 via the gas inlet 22.
  • the temperature of the catalyst section 30 can be adjusted via the temperature control device 40. In particular, this takes place by heating and / or cooling the catalyst section 30.
  • this is a separate temperature control device 40 which, for example, has a separate coolant or also an electrical fleece or a separate heating means.
  • the defined temperature control thermally switches on the catalytic converter section 30 and at the same time protects it from undesired damage, so that an activated catalytic converter section 30 controls the fuel gas flowing through the gas channel 20 can convert in a catalytic oxidizing manner into a protective gas.
  • the protective gas produced is now fed to the anode section 112 via the gas outlet 24, so that a reducing atmosphere can be established there to protect the anode section 112.
  • FIG. 2 is based on a similar core idea for the production of protective gas in the gas duct 20.
  • the temperature control device 40 of the protective reformer device 10 is designed as a heat exchanger 50.
  • the gas channel 20 therefore forms the first heat exchanger side 52 with the gas inlet 22 and gas outlet 24.
  • a second heat exchanger side 54 is equipped with heat-transferring contact via a wall, in particular directly with the catalytic converter section 30, so that fluid which flows through the second heat exchanger side 54 can provide a heat transfer to the catalytic converter section 30.
  • the catalyst section 30 is cooled, and when the fluid is hot, the catalyst section 30 is correspondingly heated.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 2 can be integrated identically into the heating process, as has been explained with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the simplest embodiment of a fuel cell system 100 according to the invention.
  • the fuel cell stack 110 is shown with an anode section 112 and a cathode section 114.
  • a reformer feed section 132 fuel gas can be fed to a reformer 130, in which, during normal operation, the fuel gas for use in the fuel cell stack 110 and there in the anode section 112 is used or converted.
  • the protective reformer device 10 according to the invention is now arranged between the reformer 130 and the anode section 112.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further development in which the anode feed section 120 is divided into a main anode feed section 120a and a bypass anode feed section 120b.
  • the protective reformer device 10 can be integrated into the inflow to the anode section 112 during the heating process and can be switched off in the normal operating state. In other words, an increased controllability of the flow through the protective reformer device 10 is possible.
  • the temperature control device 40 is designed as a heat exchanger 50, so that heating or cooling and thus temperature control by fluid flows within the fuel cell system 100 is possible.
  • supply air is introduced as cathode supply gas directly into heat exchanger 50 via second heat exchanger side 54 and then supplied to cathode segment 114 via cathode supply segment 140. If cold air is sucked in, a cooling function can be made available in this way.
  • heat exchangers or start burners can of course also be used to heat up the supply air drawn in from the outside and thus the cathode supply gas before it reaches the second heat exchanger side 54, so that a heating function can also be made available here as an alternative.
  • cathode exhaust gas is now used, which is discharged from cathode section 114 via cathode discharge section 142.
  • this cathode exhaust gas first flows through the normal reformer 130 on its other heat exchanger side and then the second heat exchanger side 54 of the protective reformer device 10.
  • FIG. 7 an expanded embodiment is shown which, in particular, allows the temperature control device 40 to be switched as a heat exchanger 50.
  • cathode exhaust gas from the cathode discharge section 142 and anode exhaust gas from the anode discharge section 122 are brought together in a valve device 60. This can involve both qualitative and quantitative switching.
  • FIG. 7 it can be seen from FIG. 7 that an Various points of starting burner devices 150 are provided in order to take additional influence on the temperature and the heating process of the fuel cell stack 110.
  • protective reformer device 20 gas duct 22 gas inlet 24 gas outlet 30 catalyst section 40 temperature control device 50 heat exchanger 52 first heat exchanger side 54 second heat exchanger side 60 valve device
  • anode section 114 cathode section 120 anode supply section 120a main anode supply section 120b bypass anode supply section 122 anode removal section 130 reformer 132 reformer supply section 140 cathode supply section 142 cathode removal section 150 starting burner device

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif reformeur de protection (10) pour la protection d'une section d'anode (112) d'un empilement de piles à combustible (110) contre un endommagement par oxydation au cours d'un processus de chauffage, comportant un conduit de gaz (20) avec une entrée de gaz (22) et une sortie de gaz (24) pour conduire un gaz combustible à partir d'une section d'alimentation d'anode (120) de l'empilement de piles à combustible (110), une section de convertisseur catalytique (30) étant disposée dans le conduit de gaz (20) pour une oxydation catalytique d'au moins une partie du gaz combustible en un gaz protecteur destiné à être introduit dans la section anode (112), en outre, le conduit de gaz (20) comporte un dispositif de régulation de température (40) en contact de transmission thermique avec la section de convertisseur catalytique (30) pour une commande de température active de la section de convertisseur catalytique (30).
PCT/AT2021/060044 2020-02-06 2021-02-05 Dispositif reformeur de protection pour protection de section d'anode d'empilement de piles à combustible WO2021155417A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202180012323.0A CN115039261A (zh) 2020-02-06 2021-02-05 用于对燃料电池堆的阳极部进行保护的保护重整器装置
US17/792,743 US20230037576A1 (en) 2020-02-06 2021-02-05 Protective reformer device for the protection of an anode section of a fuel cell stack
DE112021000912.5T DE112021000912A5 (de) 2020-02-06 2021-02-05 Schutz-Reformervorrichtung zum Schutz eines Anodenabschnitts eines Brennstoffzellenstapels
ZA2022/08649A ZA202208649B (en) 2020-02-06 2022-08-02 Protective reformer device for the protection of an anode section of a fuel cell stack

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ATA50092/2020 2020-02-06
ATA50092/2020A AT523488B1 (de) 2020-02-06 2020-02-06 Schutz-Reformervorrichtung zum Schutz eines Anodenabschnitts eines Brennstoffzellenstapels

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WO (1) WO2021155417A1 (fr)
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AT525676A1 (de) * 2021-11-15 2023-06-15 Avl List Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem
AT525722A1 (de) * 2021-11-15 2023-06-15 Avl List Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102022204336A1 (de) 2022-05-03 2023-11-09 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems, Steuergerät

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WO2019178628A1 (fr) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-26 Avl List Gmbh Système de pile à combustible à construction empilée

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EP2220714A1 (fr) * 2007-12-17 2010-08-25 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Processus à base de pile à combustible de génération de puissance électrique
DE102009060679A1 (de) * 2009-12-28 2011-06-30 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG, 73730 Betriebsverfahren für ein Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102017200995A1 (de) * 2016-12-28 2018-06-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung und Verfahren zu einem Anfahren der Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
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US20090197131A1 (en) * 2006-07-05 2009-08-06 Nippon Oil Corporation Indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell system
US20110146154A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Hassan Modarresi Gas generator and processes for the conversion of a fuel into an oxygen-depleted gas and/or hydrogen-enriched gas
EP2726188B1 (fr) * 2011-06-30 2017-12-27 LG Fuel Cell Systems, Inc. Systèmes de moteur et procédés de fonctionnement de moteur
DE102016218800A1 (de) * 2016-09-29 2018-03-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
US20190245226A1 (en) * 2018-02-02 2019-08-08 Lg Fuel Cell Systems, Inc. Methods for Transitioning a Fuel Cell System between Modes of Operation
WO2019178628A1 (fr) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-26 Avl List Gmbh Système de pile à combustible à construction empilée

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT525676A1 (de) * 2021-11-15 2023-06-15 Avl List Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem
AT525722A1 (de) * 2021-11-15 2023-06-15 Avl List Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem
AT525722B1 (de) * 2021-11-15 2023-09-15 Avl List Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem
AT525676B1 (de) * 2021-11-15 2023-12-15 Avl List Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102022204336A1 (de) 2022-05-03 2023-11-09 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems, Steuergerät

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AT523488B1 (de) 2021-12-15
ZA202208649B (en) 2023-04-26
AT523488A1 (de) 2021-08-15
US20230037576A1 (en) 2023-02-09
CN115039261A (zh) 2022-09-09

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