WO2021148225A1 - Method for operating an electromagnetically actuatable tank valve, computer program and controller - Google Patents

Method for operating an electromagnetically actuatable tank valve, computer program and controller Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021148225A1
WO2021148225A1 PCT/EP2020/087904 EP2020087904W WO2021148225A1 WO 2021148225 A1 WO2021148225 A1 WO 2021148225A1 EP 2020087904 W EP2020087904 W EP 2020087904W WO 2021148225 A1 WO2021148225 A1 WO 2021148225A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
phase
boost
tank valve
open
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/087904
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas Rau
Helerson Kemmer
Marco Beier
Joerg Hahn
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
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Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2021148225A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021148225A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F17C13/123—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures for gas bottles, cylinders or reservoirs for tank vehicles or for railway tank wagons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/046—Enhancing energy recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0178—Cars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating an electromagnetically controllable tank valve for a hydrogen tank in a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program and a control device for executing the method.
  • Hydrogen-based fuel cells are considered to be the mobility concept of the future, as they only emit water as exhaust gas and enable fast refueling times.
  • the hydrogen required to operate the fuel cells is carried in gaseous form and under pressure in one or more tanks.
  • a valve To fill the tank and / or to withdraw hydrogen, a valve must be opened that opens against pressure. Thus, the valve must be kept actively open.
  • Tank valves for hydrogen tanks are known from the prior art, which are opened with a magnetic circuit Hil fe.
  • the magnetic force of the magnetic circuit is designed in such a way that the tank valve can be opened against a large pressure difference. Since the subsequent holding open with balanced pressure requires significantly less force, the magnetic circuit is usually oversized and energetically not optimally designed.
  • the tank then becomes emptied via a safety device that is located in the tank opening and reacts to heat.
  • the safety device will not react and the tank pressure will rise. It is then no longer possible to open the tank valve against the rising pressure.
  • the present invention is based on the object of making the operation of an electromagnetically controllable tank valve for a hydrogen tank more energy-efficient and thus more cost-effective. Furthermore, it should be possible to implement an emergency opening function.
  • a method for operating an electromagnetically controllable tank valve for a hydrogen tank in a vehicle in which an electrical voltage is applied to an electromagnet of the tank valve to open the tank valve.
  • a boost voltage is applied during an initial boost phase and the initial boost phase is followed by at least one further phase in which a) the voltage level is reduced and / or b) switching back and forth between two voltage levels and / or c) an electrical voltage alternating is switched on and off.
  • the boost voltage applied during the boost phase ensures that the tank valve opens against tank pressure, while in a subsequent phase, when the tank valve is already open and the pressure is balanced, the electrical voltage is reduced, varied and / or interrupted several times. By varying the level and / or the duration of the voltage supply, an energetic optimization is achieved that saves costs.
  • the high boost voltage in the boost phase can also be used to implement an emergency opening function in that the boost voltage is maintained over a longer period of time or the boost phase is extended. This means that the tank valve can still be opened even when the pressure in the tank rises.
  • the boost phase is preferably followed by a pull-in phase in which, according to step a), a pull-in voltage that is reduced compared to the boost voltage is applied.
  • the tightening phase can then be followed by a further phase, so that the tightening phase mediates between the boost phase and the next phase.
  • the boost voltage for opening the tank valve can be 65V, for example. Since the tank valve is opened in significantly less than a second, the boost phase can be limited to a few milliseconds, for example to 10 ms. The subsequent tightening phase can last longer, for example 30 ms.
  • the tension voltage can be 12 V, for example.
  • the tightening phase is followed by a hold-open phase in which, according to step b), switching back and forth between two voltage levels or according to step c) an electrical voltage is alternating is switched on and off.
  • the voltage level of the pick-up voltage can be maintained, but switched off several times or the voltage supply interrupted.
  • the electrical voltage in this case is 12 V and 0 V alternately. In this way, further energetic optimization can be achieved.
  • the savings potential in this phase is particularly great, as the hold-open phase is the longest phase or lasts for a significantly longer period than the boost and tightening phases. This is also noticeable when in the hold-open phase according to step b) between two voltage levels and is switched on, both voltage levels preferably being significantly below the level of the boost voltage.
  • the boost phase is preferably followed by a hold-open phase, in which, according to step b), switching back and forth between two voltage levels or according to step c), an electrical voltage is alternately switched on and off.
  • the boost phase lasts significantly longer than 10 ms, which is normally required to open the tank valve. This means that the boost phase is extended in order to use the high boost voltage to open the tank valve against a pressure increase in the hydrogen tank if necessary.
  • the electrical voltage preferably corresponds to the boost voltage.
  • the boost voltage represents the higher voltage level when switching back and forth between two voltage levels in accordance with step b) or the boost voltage is switched on and off in accordance with step c).
  • the boost voltage is therefore retained in a certain way. In this case, the energetic optimization is achieved less via the current level than via the duration or the multiple interruptions.
  • the electrical voltage corresponds to the pull-in voltage.
  • the pull-in voltage represents the higher voltage level when switching back and forth between two voltage levels in accordance with step b) or the pull-in voltage is switched on and off in accordance with step c).
  • the tank valve can be opened even at high pressure
  • the method is preferably carried out in an emergency, for example when there is a risk of fire.
  • the hydrogen tank can then be emptied via the open tank valve.
  • An emergency is particularly given if a fire has broken out and other means of securing the tank for emptying fail.
  • the method is advantageously carried out in accordance with a program code of a computer program running on a control device.
  • the program code is stored in the control unit or saved on a separate storage medium.
  • a computer program with a program code is therefore proposed that is stored in a control unit or is stored on a separate storage medium, as well as a control unit that is set up to execute the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first current flow profile according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a second current flow profile according to the invention.
  • a tank valve of a hydrogen tank can be operated, in particular opened, in an energy-efficient manner.
  • the current flow profiles each show the voltage curve U and the associated current curve I over time t.
  • the boost phase A a very high electrical voltage is applied, the so-called boost voltage Ui.
  • the boost voltage Ui can be 65 V, for example, and applied over a period of approximately 10 ms.
  • the current curve I rises steeply in this time until it has reached 10 A, for example.
  • the pick-up phase B the boost voltage Ui is switched off and only a pick-up voltage U2 is applied.
  • This can be, for example, 12 V and over a period of 30 ms can be applied.
  • the hold-open phase C the 12 V are switched on and off so that an open-hold current of around 2 A on average is maintained.
  • the hold-open phase lasts until the tank valve is to be closed again.
  • the power supply is simply set to close.
  • Fig. 2 shows a voltage curve which is divided into two phases A and C.
  • the boost phase A a very high electrical voltage is applied, the so-called boost voltage Ui. This can be 65 V here as well.
  • the duration of boost phase A is changed, and indeed lengthened. This is to ensure that the tank valve opens safely even if the pressure in the tank rises.
  • the duration can be 500 ms, for example.
  • the voltage between the boost voltage Ui of 65 V and 12 V is switched back and forth in order to continue to provide a high opening force.
  • the level and duration of the voltage supply depends on other operating parameters, such as back pressure, temperature and the like, and must therefore be adjusted accordingly.
  • the values mentioned here are therefore only selected as examples and can vary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating an electromagnetically actuatable tank valve for a hydrogen tank in a vehicle, in which method an electrical voltage is applied to an electromagnet of the tank valve in order to open the tank valve. According to the invention, during an initial boost phase (A), a boost voltage (U1) is applied and at least one further phase (B, C) follows the initial boost phase (A), in which further phase a) the voltage level is reduced and/or b) there is switching back and forth between two voltage levels and/or c) an electrical voltage is alternately switched on and off. The invention also relates to a computer program and a controller for carrying out the method.

Description

Beschreibung description
Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektromagnetisch ansteuerbaren Tankventils, Compu terprogramm und Steuergerät Method for operating an electromagnetically controllable tank valve, computer program and control unit
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektromagnetisch ansteuer baren Tankventils für einen Wasserstofftank in einem Fahrzeug gemäß dem Oberbe griff des Anspruchs 1. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Computerprogramm sowie ein Steuergerät zur Ausführung des Verfahrens. The invention relates to a method for operating an electromagnetically controllable tank valve for a hydrogen tank in a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a computer program and a control device for executing the method.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Wasserstoffbasierte Brennstoffzellen gelten als Mobilitätskonzept der Zukunft, da sie nur Wasser als Abgas emittieren und schnelle Betankungszeiten ermöglichen. An Bord eines Fahrzeugs wird der für den Betrieb der Brennstoffzellen benötigte Wasserstoff gasförmig und unter Druck in einem oder mehreren Tanks mitgeführt. Zum Befüllen des Tanks und/oder zur Entnahme von Wasserstoff muss ein Ventil geöffnet werden, das gegen Druck öffnet. Somit muss das Ventil aktiv offen gehalten werden. Hydrogen-based fuel cells are considered to be the mobility concept of the future, as they only emit water as exhaust gas and enable fast refueling times. On board a vehicle, the hydrogen required to operate the fuel cells is carried in gaseous form and under pressure in one or more tanks. To fill the tank and / or to withdraw hydrogen, a valve must be opened that opens against pressure. Thus, the valve must be kept actively open.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Tankventile für Wasserstofftanks bekannt, die mit Hil fe eines Magnetkreises geöffnet werden. Die Magnetkraft des Magnetkreises ist derart ausgelegt, dass das Tankventil gegen eine große Druckdifferenz geöffnet werden kann. Da das anschließende Offenhalten bei ausgeglichenem Druck deutlich weniger Kraft erfordert, ist der Magnetkreis in der Regel überdimensioniert und energetisch nicht optimal ausgelegt. Tank valves for hydrogen tanks are known from the prior art, which are opened with a magnetic circuit Hil fe. The magnetic force of the magnetic circuit is designed in such a way that the tank valve can be opened against a large pressure difference. Since the subsequent holding open with balanced pressure requires significantly less force, the magnetic circuit is usually oversized and energetically not optimally designed.
Darüber hinaus kann der Fall eintreten, dass der Druck im Tank derart hoch ansteigt, dass das Tankventil mit Hilfe des Magnetkreises nicht mehr geöffnet werden kann, bei spielsweise bei einem Unfall mit Brandentstehung. In der Regel wird dann der Tank über eine Sicherheitseinrichtung, die in der Tanköffnung angeordnet ist und auf Hitze reagiert, entleert. Liegt der Brandherd jedoch von der Tanköffnung weiter entfernt, rea giert die Sicherheitseinrichtung nicht und der Tankdruck steigt. Ein Öffnen des Tank ventils gegen den ansteigenden Druck ist dann nicht mehr möglich. In addition, the case may arise that the pressure in the tank rises so high that the tank valve can no longer be opened with the aid of the magnetic circuit, for example in the event of an accident with the start of a fire. Usually the tank then becomes emptied via a safety device that is located in the tank opening and reacts to heat. However, if the source of the fire is further away from the tank opening, the safety device will not react and the tank pressure will rise. It is then no longer possible to open the tank valve against the rising pressure.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Betrieb eines elektromag netisch ansteuerbaren Tankventils für einen Wasserstofftank energieeffizienter und damit kostengünstiger zu gestalten. Ferner soll eine Notöffnungsfunktion realisierbar sein. The present invention is based on the object of making the operation of an electromagnetically controllable tank valve for a hydrogen tank more energy-efficient and thus more cost-effective. Furthermore, it should be possible to implement an emergency opening function.
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird das Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 vor geschlagen. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen. Darüber hinaus werden ein Computerprogramm und ein Steuergerät zur Ausführung des Verfahrens angegeben. To solve the problem, the method with the features of claim 1 is proposed. Advantageous further developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims. In addition, a computer program and a control device for executing the method are specified.
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Vorgeschlagen wird ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektromagnetisch ansteuerba ren Tankventils für einen Wasserstofftank in einem Fahrzeug, bei dem zum Öffnen des Tankventils eine elektrische Spannung an einen Elektromagneten des Tankventils an gelegt wird. Erfindungsgemäß wird während einer anfänglichen Boostphase eine Boostspannung angelegt und auf die anfängliche Boostphase folgt mindestens eine weitere Phase, in der a) das Spannungsniveau reduziert wird und/oder b) zwischen zwei Spannungsniveaus hin und her geschaltet wird und/oder c) eine elektrische Spannung abwechselnd zu- und abgeschaltet wird. A method is proposed for operating an electromagnetically controllable tank valve for a hydrogen tank in a vehicle, in which an electrical voltage is applied to an electromagnet of the tank valve to open the tank valve. According to the invention, a boost voltage is applied during an initial boost phase and the initial boost phase is followed by at least one further phase in which a) the voltage level is reduced and / or b) switching back and forth between two voltage levels and / or c) an electrical voltage alternating is switched on and off.
Das heißt, dass während des Öffnens und Offenhaltens des Tankventils die an den Elektromagneten angelegte Spannung variiert wird. Auf diese Weise kann die Magnet kraft an den jeweiligen Bedarf angepasst werden, so dass die Verlustleistung sinkt und Kosten eingespart werden. Die während der Boostphase angelegte Boostspannung gewährleistet das Öffnen des Tankventils gegen Tankdruck, während in einer darauf folgenden Phase, bei bereits geöffnetem Tankventil und ausgeglichenem Druck, die elektrische Spannung reduziert, variiert und/oder mehrfach unterbrochen wird. Durch Variation der Höhe und/oder der Dauer der Spanungsversorgung wird somit eine ener getische Optimierung erreicht, die Kosten einspart. This means that while the tank valve is being opened and held open, the voltage applied to the electromagnet is varied. In this way, the magnetic force can be adapted to the respective requirement, so that the power loss is reduced and costs are saved. The boost voltage applied during the boost phase ensures that the tank valve opens against tank pressure, while in a subsequent phase, when the tank valve is already open and the pressure is balanced, the electrical voltage is reduced, varied and / or interrupted several times. By varying the level and / or the duration of the voltage supply, an energetic optimization is achieved that saves costs.
Die hohe Boostspannung in der Boostphase kann ferner zur Realisierung einer Notöff nungsfunktion genutzt werden, indem die Boostspannung über einen längeren Zeit raum aufrechterhalten wird bzw. die Boostphase verlängert wird. Somit kann das Tank ventil auch bei ansteigendem Druck im Tank noch geöffnet werden. The high boost voltage in the boost phase can also be used to implement an emergency opening function in that the boost voltage is maintained over a longer period of time or the boost phase is extended. This means that the tank valve can still be opened even when the pressure in the tank rises.
Im Normalbetrieb des Tankventils folgt vorzugsweise auf die Boostphase eine Anzugs phase, in der gemäß Schritt a) eine gegenüber der Boostspannung reduzierte Anzug spannung angelegt wird. Auf die Anzugsphase kann anschließend eine weitere Phase folgen, so dass die Anzugsphase zwischen Boostphase und weiterer Phase vermittelt. Die Boostspannung zum Öffnen des Tankventils kann beispielsweise 65V betragen. Da das Tankventil in deutlich weniger als einer Sekunde geöffnet ist, kann die Boostphase auf wenige Millisekunden, beispielsweise auf 10 ms, beschränkt werden. Die hieran anschließende Anzugsphase kann länger andauern, beispielsweise 30 ms. Die An zugsspannung kann beispielsweise 12 V betragen. In normal operation of the tank valve, the boost phase is preferably followed by a pull-in phase in which, according to step a), a pull-in voltage that is reduced compared to the boost voltage is applied. The tightening phase can then be followed by a further phase, so that the tightening phase mediates between the boost phase and the next phase. The boost voltage for opening the tank valve can be 65V, for example. Since the tank valve is opened in significantly less than a second, the boost phase can be limited to a few milliseconds, for example to 10 ms. The subsequent tightening phase can last longer, for example 30 ms. The tension voltage can be 12 V, for example.
Um das Tankventil über die Boost- und Anzugsphase hinaus offen zu halten, kann vor gesehen sein, dass auf die Anzugsphase eine Offenhaltephase folgt, in der gemäß Schritt b) zwischen zwei Spannungsniveaus hin und her geschaltet wird oder gemäß Schritt c) eine elektrische Spannung abwechselnd zu- und abgeschaltet wird. In order to keep the tank valve open beyond the boost and tightening phase, it can be seen that the tightening phase is followed by a hold-open phase in which, according to step b), switching back and forth between two voltage levels or according to step c) an electrical voltage is alternating is switched on and off.
Zum Offenhalten des Tankventils in der Offenhaltephase kann das Spannungsniveau der Anzugsspannung beibehalten, aber mehrfach abgeschaltet bzw. die Spannungs versorgung unterbrochen werden. Die elektrische Spannung beträgt in diesem Fall 12 V und 0 V im Wechsel. Auf diese Weise kann eine weitere energetische Optimie rung erreicht werden. Das Einsparpotential in dieser Phase ist besonders groß, da die Offenhaltephase die längste Phase ist bzw. über einen deutlich längeren Zeitraum an dauert als die Boost- und die Anzugsphase. Dies macht sich auch dann bemerkbar, wenn in der Offenhaltephase gemäß Schritt b) zwischen zwei Spannungsniveaus hin und her geschaltet wird, wobei vorzugsweise beide Spannungsniveaus deutlich unter dem Niveau der Boostspannung liegen. To keep the tank valve open in the hold-open phase, the voltage level of the pick-up voltage can be maintained, but switched off several times or the voltage supply interrupted. The electrical voltage in this case is 12 V and 0 V alternately. In this way, further energetic optimization can be achieved. The savings potential in this phase is particularly great, as the hold-open phase is the longest phase or lasts for a significantly longer period than the boost and tightening phases. This is also noticeable when in the hold-open phase according to step b) between two voltage levels and is switched on, both voltage levels preferably being significantly below the level of the boost voltage.
Im Notfallbetrieb, insbesondere zum Notöffnen des Tankventils, folgt vorzugsweise auf die Boostphase eine Offenhaltephase, in der gemäß Schritt b) zwischen zwei Span nungsniveaus hin und her geschaltet wird oder gemäß Schritt c) eine elektrische Span nung abwechselnd zu- und abgeschaltet wird. Die Boostphase dauert in diesem Fall jedoch deutlich länger als 10 ms an, die es normalerweise zum Öffnen des Tankventils braucht. Das heißt, dass die Boostphase verlängert wird, um mit Hilfe der hohen Boostspannung das Tankventil notfalls gegen einen Druckanstieg im Wasserstofftank zu öffnen. In emergency operation, in particular to open the tank valve in an emergency, the boost phase is preferably followed by a hold-open phase, in which, according to step b), switching back and forth between two voltage levels or according to step c), an electrical voltage is alternately switched on and off. In this case, however, the boost phase lasts significantly longer than 10 ms, which is normally required to open the tank valve. This means that the boost phase is extended in order to use the high boost voltage to open the tank valve against a pressure increase in the hydrogen tank if necessary.
In der Offenhaltephase, die im Notfallbetrieb auf die Boostphase folgt, entspricht vor zugsweise die elektrische Spannung der Boostspannung. Das heißt, dass die Boost spannung das höhere Spannungsniveau darstellt, wenn gemäß Schritt b) zwischen zwei Spannungsniveaus hin und her geschaltet wird, oder die Boostspannung gemäß Schritt c) zu- und abgeschaltet wird. Die Boostspannung wird demnach in gewisser Weise beibehalten. Die energetische Optimierung wird in diesem Fall weniger über die Stromhöhe als über die Dauer bzw. die mehrfachen Unterbrechungen erreicht. In the hold-open phase, which follows the boost phase in emergency operation, the electrical voltage preferably corresponds to the boost voltage. This means that the boost voltage represents the higher voltage level when switching back and forth between two voltage levels in accordance with step b) or the boost voltage is switched on and off in accordance with step c). The boost voltage is therefore retained in a certain way. In this case, the energetic optimization is achieved less via the current level than via the duration or the multiple interruptions.
Analog gilt, dass vorzugsweise in der Offenhaltephase, die im Normalbetrieb auf die Anzugsphase folgt, die elektrische Spannung der Anzugspannung entspricht. Das heißt, dass die Anzugsspannung das höhere Spannungsniveau darstellt, wenn gemäß Schritt b) zwischen zwei Spannungsniveaus hin und her geschaltet wird, oder die An zugsspannung gemäß Schritt c) zu- und abgeschaltet wird. Analogously, it is true that in the hold-open phase, which follows the pull-in phase in normal operation, the electrical voltage corresponds to the pull-in voltage. This means that the pull-in voltage represents the higher voltage level when switching back and forth between two voltage levels in accordance with step b) or the pull-in voltage is switched on and off in accordance with step c).
Da mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens das Tankventil selbst bei hohem Ge gendruck geöffnet werden kann, wird das Verfahren bevorzugt in einem Notfall, bei spielsweise bei Brandgefahr, durchgeführt. Über das geöffnete Tankventil kann dann im Notfall der Wasserstofftank entleert werden. Ein Notfall ist insbesondere gegeben, wenn ein Brand entstanden ist und sonstige Sicherungsmittel zur Tankentleerung ver sagen. Vorteilhafterweise wird das Verfahren nach Maßgabe eines Programmcodes eines auf einem Steuergerät ablaufenden Computerprogramms ausgeführt. Der Programmcode ist hierzu im Steuergerät hinterlegt oder auf einem separaten Speichermedium gespei chert sein. Since with the help of the method according to the invention, the tank valve can be opened even at high pressure, the method is preferably carried out in an emergency, for example when there is a risk of fire. In an emergency, the hydrogen tank can then be emptied via the open tank valve. An emergency is particularly given if a fire has broken out and other means of securing the tank for emptying fail. The method is advantageously carried out in accordance with a program code of a computer program running on a control device. For this purpose, the program code is stored in the control unit or saved on a separate storage medium.
Zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird daher ferner ein Computerprogramm mit einem Programmcode vorgeschlagen, der in einem Steuergerät hinterlegt oder auf einem separaten Speichermedium gespeichert ist sowie ein Steuergerät, das dazu eingerichtet ist, das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auszufüh ren. To carry out the method according to the invention, a computer program with a program code is therefore proposed that is stored in a control unit or is stored on a separate storage medium, as well as a control unit that is set up to execute the method according to the invention.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Diese zeigen: Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These show:
Fig. 1 ein erstes Bestromungsprofil gemäß der Erfindung und 1 shows a first current flow profile according to the invention and
Fig. 2 ein zweites Bestromungsprofil gemäß der Erfindung. 2 shows a second current flow profile according to the invention.
Ausführliche Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Detailed description of the drawings
Mit Hilfe der in den Figuren 1 und 2 wiedergegebenen Bestromungsprofilen kann ein Tankventil eines Wasserstofftanks energieeffizient betrieben, insbesondere geöffnet werden. Dabei wird zwischen zwei Öffnungsfällen unterschieden: dem Öffnen im Nor malfall (Fig. 1) und dem Öffnen im Notfall (Fig. 2). Die Bestromungsprofile zeigen je weils den Spannungsverlauf U sowie den zugehörigen Stromverlauf I über die Zeit t. With the aid of the current flow profiles shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a tank valve of a hydrogen tank can be operated, in particular opened, in an energy-efficient manner. A distinction is made between two opening cases: opening in the normal case (Fig. 1) and opening in an emergency (Fig. 2). The current flow profiles each show the voltage curve U and the associated current curve I over time t.
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Spannungsverlauf, der in drei Phasen A, B und C unterteilt ist. In ei ner ersten Phase, der Boostphase A wird eine sehr hohe elektrische Spannung ange legt, die sogenannte Boostspannung Ui. Diese kann beispielsweise 65 V betragen und über einen Zeitraum von etwa 10 ms angelegt werden. Der Stromverlauf I steigt in die ser Zeit steil an, bis er beispielsweise 10 A erreicht hat. Danach, in der Anzugspha se B, wird die Boostspannung Ui abgeschaltet und nur noch eine Anzugsspannung U2 angelegt. Diese kann beispielsweise 12 V betragen und über einen Zeitraum von 30 ms angelegt werden. Danach, in der Offenhaltephase C, werden die 12 V zu- und abgeschaltet, so dass ein Offenhaitestrom von durchschnittlich etwa 2 A eingehalten wird. Die Offenhaltephase dauert so lange, bis das Tankventil wieder geschlossen werden soll. Zum Schließen wird die Spannungsversorgung einfach eingestellt. 1 shows a voltage curve which is divided into three phases A, B and C. In a first phase, the boost phase A, a very high electrical voltage is applied, the so-called boost voltage Ui. This can be 65 V, for example, and applied over a period of approximately 10 ms. The current curve I rises steeply in this time until it has reached 10 A, for example. Then, in the pick-up phase B, the boost voltage Ui is switched off and only a pick-up voltage U2 is applied. This can be, for example, 12 V and over a period of 30 ms can be applied. Then, in the hold-open phase C, the 12 V are switched on and off so that an open-hold current of around 2 A on average is maintained. The hold-open phase lasts until the tank valve is to be closed again. The power supply is simply set to close.
Fig. 2 zeigt einen Spannungsverlauf, der in zwei Phasen A und C unterteilt ist. In einer ersten Phase, der Boostphase A wird wiederum eine sehr hohe elektrische Spannung angelegt, die sogenannte Boostspannung Ui. Diese kann auch hier 65 V betragen. Al lerdings wird die Dauer der Boostphase A verändert, und zwar verlängert. Dadurch soll sichergestellt werden, dass das Tankventil auch bei einem Druckanstieg im Tank si cher öffnet. Die Dauer kann beispielsweise 500 ms betragen. Danach, in der Offenhal tephase C, wird die Spannung zwischen der Boostspannung Ui in Höhe von 65 V und 12 V hin und her geschaltet, um weiterhin eine hohe Öffnungskraft zur Verfügung zu stellen. Fig. 2 shows a voltage curve which is divided into two phases A and C. In a first phase, the boost phase A, a very high electrical voltage is applied, the so-called boost voltage Ui. This can be 65 V here as well. However, the duration of boost phase A is changed, and indeed lengthened. This is to ensure that the tank valve opens safely even if the pressure in the tank rises. The duration can be 500 ms, for example. Then, in the open phase C, the voltage between the boost voltage Ui of 65 V and 12 V is switched back and forth in order to continue to provide a high opening force.
Die Höhe und Dauer der Spannungsversorgung hängt von weiteren Betriebsparame tern, wie beispielsweise Gegendruck, Temperatur und dergleichen ab und sind daher entsprechend anzupassen. Die vorliegend genannten Werte sind daher nur beispielhaft gewählt und können variieren. The level and duration of the voltage supply depends on other operating parameters, such as back pressure, temperature and the like, and must therefore be adjusted accordingly. The values mentioned here are therefore only selected as examples and can vary.
Ferner kann im Notfallbetrieb während der Offenhaltephase C auch zwischen der Boostspannung Ui und 0 V oder zwischen einem mittleren Spannungsniveau und 0 V hin und her geschaltet bzw. die Spannung abwechselnd zu- und abgeschaltet werden. Furthermore, in emergency operation during the hold-open phase C, it is also possible to switch back and forth between the boost voltage Ui and 0 V or between an average voltage level and 0 V or the voltage can be switched on and off alternately.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektromagnetisch ansteuerbaren Tankventils für einen Wasserstofftank in einem Fahrzeug, bei dem zum Öffnen des Tankventils eine elektrische Spannung an einen Elektromagneten des Tankventils angelegt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während einer anfänglichen Boostphase (A) eine Boostspannung (Ui) angelegt wird und auf die anfängliche Boostphase (A) mindestens eine weitere Phase (B, C) folgt, in der a) das Spannungsniveau reduziert wird und/oder b) zwischen zwei Spannungsniveaus hin und her geschaltet wird und/oder c) eine elektrische Spannung abwechselnd zu- und abgeschaltet wird. 1. A method for operating an electromagnetically controllable tank valve for a hydrogen tank in a vehicle, in which an electrical voltage is applied to an electromagnet of the tank valve to open the tank valve, characterized in that a boost voltage (Ui) is applied during an initial boost phase (A) and the initial boost phase (A) is followed by at least one further phase (B, C) in which a) the voltage level is reduced and / or b) switching back and forth between two voltage levels and / or c) an electrical voltage alternating is switched on and off.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf die Boostphase (A) eine Anzugsphase (B) folgt, in der gemäß Schritt a) eine gegenüber der Boostspannung (Ui) reduzierte Anzugspan nung (U2) angelegt wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the boost phase (A) is followed by a tightening phase (B) in which, according to step a), a tightening voltage (U2) which is reduced compared to the boost voltage (Ui) is applied.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf die Anzugsphase (B) eine Offenhaltephase (C) folgt, in der gemäß Schritt b) zwischen zwei Spannungsniveaus hin und her geschaltet wird oder gemäß Schritt c) eine elektrische Spannung abwechselnd zu- und abgeschal tet wird. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the tightening phase (B) is followed by a hold-open phase (C), in which according to step b) there is a switch back and forth between two voltage levels or according to step c) an electrical voltage is switched on and off alternately is switched off.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf die Boostphase (A) eine Offenhaltephase (C) folgt, in der gemäß Schritt b) zwischen zwei Spannungsniveaus hin und her geschaltet wird oder gemäß Schritt c) eine elektrische Spannung abwechselnd zu- und abgeschal tet wird. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the boost phase (A) is followed by a hold-open phase (C), in which according to step b) there is a switch back and forth between two voltage levels or according to step c) an electrical voltage is switched on and off alternately is switched off.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Offenhaltephase (C) die elektrische Spannung des höheren Spannungsniveaus bzw. die elektrische Spannung der Boostspan- nung (Ui) oder der Anzugsspannung (U2) entspricht. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the hold-open phase (C) the electrical voltage of the higher voltage level or the electrical voltage corresponds to the boost voltage (Ui) or the starting voltage (U2).
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren in einem Notfall, beispielsweise bei Brandgefahr, durchgeführt wird. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method is carried out in an emergency, for example if there is a risk of fire.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren nach Maßgabe eines Programmcodes eines auf einem Steuergerät ablaufenden Computerprogramms ausgeführt wird. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method is carried out in accordance with a program code of a computer program running on a control device.
8. Computerprogramm mit Programmcode zur Ausführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Programmcode in einem Steuergerät hinterlegt oder auf einem separaten Speichermedium gespeichert ist. 8. Computer program with program code for executing a method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the program code is stored in a control device or is stored on a separate storage medium.
9. Steuergerät das dazu eingerichtet ist, ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 auszuführen. 9. Control device which is set up to carry out a method according to one of claims 1 to 6.
PCT/EP2020/087904 2020-01-22 2020-12-28 Method for operating an electromagnetically actuatable tank valve, computer program and controller WO2021148225A1 (en)

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