WO2021143748A1 - 报警系统、该报警系统的控制方法以及储能单元 - Google Patents

报警系统、该报警系统的控制方法以及储能单元 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021143748A1
WO2021143748A1 PCT/CN2021/071654 CN2021071654W WO2021143748A1 WO 2021143748 A1 WO2021143748 A1 WO 2021143748A1 CN 2021071654 W CN2021071654 W CN 2021071654W WO 2021143748 A1 WO2021143748 A1 WO 2021143748A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bus
unit
energy storage
rechargeable battery
charging
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/071654
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨治桦
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青鸟消防股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021143748A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021143748A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/40006—Architecture of a communication node
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/08—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using communication transmission lines
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B7/00—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00
    • G08B7/06—Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/24—Testing correct operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
    • H04M11/04—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems with alarm systems, e.g. fire, police or burglar alarm systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of fire safety, in particular to an alarm system including a built-in energy storage unit, a control method of the alarm system, and terminal components.
  • Fire alarm system electrical fire system, gas fire extinguishing system, power monitoring system, fire door monitoring system, terminal water test monitoring system, fire prevention and smoke exhaust monitoring system, etc. (these systems are hereinafter referred to as fire alarm systems, etc.) mainly by the controller It is composed of various bus loop terminal components.
  • the terminal component unit can be any type of detector, such as smoke detectors, temperature detectors, flame detectors, alarm buttons, input modules, output modules, sound and light alarms, fire display panels and combustible gas detectors.
  • the fire alarm system can be a system in the form of two buses or two buses + external power supply.
  • the two buses use two wires to form a bus loop to complete power supply and communication at the same time.
  • the two-bus + external power supply form means that two wires complete the communication and power supply of small power consumption components.
  • the power supply of high power consumption components or large power consumption units in the components is completed by two or more lines of external power supply or on-site power supply.
  • an alarm system including:
  • Bus wherein the bus is a power supply/communication multiplexing bus
  • a plurality of terminal components, the plurality of terminal components are connected to the bus, and the control unit communicates with the plurality of terminal components through the bus;
  • a plurality of energy storage units are connected to the bus, and each of the energy storage units is configured to provide electrical energy for at least one terminal component.
  • the energy storage unit is configured to be separate from the terminal component, the energy storage unit includes one or more of a rechargeable battery and a non-rechargeable battery, and the control unit passes through the The bus supplies power to the plurality of terminal components.
  • the energy storage unit includes a rechargeable battery
  • the energy storage unit further includes a charge and discharge control unit, which can communicate with the control unit through the bus, and is configured to It is assumed that the mode receives charging power from the bus to charge the rechargeable battery, and controls the rechargeable battery to provide at least part of the power to the terminal component.
  • the preset mode includes one or more of the following:
  • the charging and discharging control unit receives charging power from the bus according to a preset time to charge the rechargeable battery
  • the charge and discharge control unit receives charging power from the bus to charge the rechargeable battery
  • the charge and discharge control unit of the energy storage unit receives charging power from the bus to charge the rechargeable battery.
  • the sum of the communication current and the charging current on the bus is kept substantially constant.
  • the terminal component further includes a detector and an alarm unit, the detector is configured to detect surrounding environmental parameters, the detector is coupled to the alarm unit, and the alarm unit is configured to act When the detector detects an abnormal situation, it is at least partially powered by the energy storage unit to issue an alarm signal,
  • the terminal component further includes a peripheral drive module, which is coupled to an external linkage device and is configured to be powered by the energy storage unit to drive the external linkage device.
  • the terminal component includes:
  • a low power consumption unit connected to the bus and powered by the bus
  • a high power consumption unit connected to the energy storage unit and powered by the energy storage unit
  • the high power consumption unit includes an alarm unit.
  • the alarm unit includes one or more of an audible alarm, a light alarm, an audible and visual alarm, a fire display panel, an active or passive output module, and the detector includes a smoke detector.
  • the detector includes a smoke detector.
  • the charging and discharging control unit includes a charging subunit and an electronic discharging unit, and the charging and discharging control unit is configured to control the rechargeable battery to pass through when the rechargeable battery needs to be charged.
  • the charging sub-unit is coupled to the bus, and receives charging power from the bus to charge the rechargeable battery; when it is necessary to supply power to the terminal unit, control the rechargeable battery to pass through the discharge
  • the electronic unit is coupled to the terminal part and supplies power to the terminal part.
  • the length of the bus is between 1m and 10000m
  • the alarm system further includes one or more second terminal components connected to the bus and configured to Power can be received from the bus.
  • the preset mode includes one or more of the following:
  • the control unit allocates a charging time slice for each energy storage unit, and each energy storage unit receives charging power from the bus within the allocated time slice to charge the rechargeable battery;
  • the control unit When the power of the rechargeable battery of one of the energy storage units is lower than the threshold, it requests the control unit to allocate a charging time slice, and after obtaining the allocated charging time slice, its charging and discharging control unit receives charging power from the bus to Charging the rechargeable battery;
  • the control unit designates one or more of the energy storage units to charge, and the charge and discharge control unit of the energy storage unit receives charging power from the bus to charge the rechargeable battery.
  • the terminal component further includes an input monitoring unit and an output activation unit, the input monitoring unit and the output activation unit are integrated with the alarm unit, or are arranged on the base.
  • the present invention also provides a control method of the alarm system as described above, including:
  • the energy storage unit drives the terminal component to issue an alarm and/or is used to drive an external linkage device.
  • control method further includes:
  • control method further includes:
  • the control unit controls the energy storage unit to drive the terminal component to issue an alarm and/or is used to drive an external linkage device.
  • the present invention also provides an energy storage unit that can be connected to the bus, including:
  • a charging and discharging control unit may be connected to the bus, and receive charging power from the bus to charge the rechargeable battery, and control the rechargeable battery to provide at least Part of the electrical energy.
  • the charging and discharging control unit includes a charging sub-unit and an electronic discharging unit, and the charging and discharging control unit is configured to control the rechargeable battery to pass through when the rechargeable battery needs to be charged.
  • the charging subunit is coupled to the bus, and receives charging power from the bus to charge the rechargeable battery; when it is necessary to supply power to the alarm unit, control the rechargeable battery to pass through the discharge
  • the electronic unit is coupled to the alarm unit and supplies power to the alarm unit.
  • the terminal component has a built-in battery, for example, the battery is arranged on the base or integrated with the alarm unit.
  • the built-in battery of the base can provide sufficient power.
  • the power consumption of the bus loop is distributed evenly according to the actual situation.
  • the traditional fire alarm control bus loop consumes very little power in most monitoring states, but consumes a lot of power when the fire alarm or safety linkage is activated. The power consumption is very uneven with different times and different states.
  • the built-in battery of the terminal component Through the built-in battery of the terminal component, it can be charged with a small current for a long time and distributed time-sharing charging, so that the built-in battery of the terminal component of the bus loop is fully charged and maintains the energy, so that the bus loop of the system can be in the monitoring state, fault state, and alarm state
  • the power supply current in the linkage start state is basically constant, and when the terminal components need high current power supply, it is powered by the built-in battery in the base.
  • the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention changes the situation that the bus loop of the system consumes little power in the monitoring state, and the current in the alarm state and the linkage start state is large, so that the power consumption of the bus loop can be kept constant.
  • I2 is used to distribute electric energy to the base built-in batteries of the field components in chronological order, and the base built-in batteries of the field components are gradually charged as needed to store electric energy.
  • On-site components only need weak electrical energy most of the time, which can accumulate small energy for a long time. When electrical energy is needed, the accumulated energy can be used to meet the demand.
  • the energy storage components use rechargeable lithium batteries or other energy storage batteries, which have the characteristics of long-term slow charging, fast pulse or continuous high-current discharge. After the power consumption of the bus loop is equalized, the maximum power consumption or maximum current on the bus is greatly reduced, which is similar to the power consumption in the static monitoring state. The voltage drop on the bus loop is greatly reduced, allowing the bus loop to be longer and loaded The number of parts is larger.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention enables the fire alarm system to truly realize a safe and reliable two-bus system, which saves materials and labor, and greatly saves costs.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention makes the fire alarm system bid farewell to the 4-wire system and the distributed power supply system, which greatly improves the reliability and safety of the system.
  • the invention simplifies the design of the fire alarm system, greatly reduces the design workload of the fire alarm system, and shortens the design time.
  • the invention enables the fire alarm system to make full use of energy, energy saving, environmental protection, low carbon and green.
  • Figure 1 shows the architecture of a common bus-type fire alarm system
  • Figure 2 schematically shows the architecture of a bus-type fire alarm system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 schematically shows the detailed structure of a bus-type fire alarm system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 shows a control method of an alarm system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows an alarm system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows a control method of an alarm system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, “plurality” means two or more than two, unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • Connected or integrally connected It can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, which can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction of two components relation.
  • an intermediate medium which can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction of two components relation.
  • the "on” or “under” of the first feature of the second feature may include the first and second features in direct contact, or may include the first and second features Not in direct contact but through other features between them.
  • the "above”, “above”, and “above” of the first feature on the second feature include the first feature directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or it simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • the “below”, “below” and “below” the first feature of the second feature include the first feature directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or it simply means that the level of the first feature is smaller than the second feature.
  • Figure 1 shows the architecture of a common bus-type fire alarm system.
  • the inventor of the present application found that the problems of the solution in FIG. 1 are mainly concentrated in two aspects.
  • the power consumption on the bus loop is very small; and when the fire alarm and safety linkage are activated, the power consumption on the bus loop is very large.
  • the design of the bus loop such as the fire alarm system is designed in accordance with the very large power consumption, so that the length of the bus loop is reduced, and the number of terminal devices loaded on the bus loop is greatly reduced.
  • components with high power consumption on the bus loop include, for example, sound and light alarms, fire display panels, and active output modules.
  • the number of audible alarms, optical alarms, and audible and visual alarms on the bus loop is greatly limited. When all of them are working, the bus voltage drop is too large, which will cause the devices on the bus to work abnormally.
  • the number of fire display panels on the bus loop is greatly limited, which greatly reduces the brightness of the fire display panel and shortens the lighting time greatly, which affects the fire safety personnel to read important information and correctly determine the exact location of the fire.
  • the use of fire display panels is large. When the bus voltage drop is too large, the devices on the bus will work abnormally.
  • the number of active output modules on the bus loop is limited, and the functions are limited.
  • the active output module starts the peripheral, it needs to supply power to the peripheral.
  • only short pulse or small current can be used to supply external power. If the peripheral device is not successfully started, you need to wait for tens of seconds, or even more than a hundred seconds, to start the second time, causing safety hazards such as failure to start fire safety in time or fail to start.
  • external devices that require continuous power supply cannot be started.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the alarm system 10 according to the first aspect of the present invention, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the alarm system 10 includes a control unit 11, a bus 12, and a plurality of terminal components 13 connected to the bus 12.
  • the alarm system 10 is, for example, a dual-bus type fire alarm system.
  • the bus 12 is a multiplexed bus capable of power supply and communication, and is connected to the control unit 11.
  • the bus 12 in order to perform power supply and communication, the bus 12 preferably has a dual bus structure, with a bus loop line + and a bus loop line -.
  • the terminal component 13 is connected to the bus 12, and the specific connection mode may be series, parallel, cascade, or hybrid connection.
  • the control unit 11 communicates with the plurality of terminal components 13 through the bus 12 and supplies power to the terminal components 13.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows five terminal components 13.
  • each terminal component 13 may, for example, have a uniquely assigned number ID, so that the terminal component 13 can communicate with the control unit 11 through the number ID, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the alarm system 10 of the embodiment of the present invention can be deployed in waiting monitoring areas of factories and buildings.
  • the control unit 11 is, for example, a central control or monitoring center. Each terminal component 13 is scattered in different locations to monitor various environmental parameters.
  • the bus communicates with the control unit 11, so the control unit 11 can monitor different locations in real time or time-sharing, and obtain corresponding information of each location.
  • one or more of the terminal components 13 shown include a corresponding energy storage unit 131, the energy storage unit 131 includes a battery B1 (as shown in FIG. 3), and the energy storage unit 131 may be
  • the corresponding terminal component 13 provides at least part of electrical energy and/or is used to drive external linkage equipment.
  • the energy storage unit 131 will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the terminal component 13 may include one or more electrical components, such as an alarm unit, a circuit chip, a clock circuit, an input monitoring unit, an output activation unit, etc.
  • the energy storage unit 131 may be the terminal component 13 One or more electrical components on the power supply and drive.
  • the terminal component 13 is sometimes used to connect with some external linkage equipment, such as but not limited to fire doors, fire valves, positive pressure blowers, and exhaust fans. , Fire pumps, exhaust fans, fire doors, sprinklers, electromagnets, relays, etc. When an alarm event occurs, these external linkage devices need to be able to be triggered and/or driven in time.
  • the energy storage unit 131 can also be used to drive or trigger these external linkage devices.
  • the terminal components 13 shown in FIG. 2 are, for example, terminal components that require relatively large power or electrical energy.
  • the alarm system 10 further includes one or more second terminal components 14, which have a small demand for electrical energy or a small instantaneous power, so they can be connected to the bus 12 , And configured to receive electrical energy from the bus for maintaining the operation of its own electrical components.
  • the present invention can be implemented in different ways according to specific conditions. For example, for the second terminal component 14, although its instantaneous power is small or the demand for electrical energy is small, it can also have a built-in energy storage component like the terminal component 13, and preferably the capacity of the energy storage component can be set smaller. .
  • FIG. 3 shows a structural diagram of an alarm system 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is described in detail below with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the terminal component 13 further includes a base B.
  • the base B can be installed on the top of a building, for example, on which other electromechanical and electrical components of the terminal component 13 are installed.
  • the energy storage unit 131 shown in FIG. 2 includes a rechargeable battery B1 and a charge-discharge control unit B2.
  • the charge-discharge control unit B2 can communicate with the control unit 11 through the bus 12 and is configured to It is assumed that the mode receives charging power from the bus 12 to charge the rechargeable battery B1, and controls the rechargeable battery B1 to provide at least part of the power to the terminal unit 13 and/or drive the external linkage device.
  • the charging and discharging control unit B2 includes a charging sub-unit B3 and an electronic discharge unit B4, wherein the charging sub-unit B3 is configured to be connected from the bus 12 to receive charging power and charge the rechargeable battery B1; the electronic discharge unit B4 is configured to manage the external output power of the rechargeable battery B1 when it is turned on, and drive the load, for example, drive the electrical components on the terminal component 13 Or external linkage equipment.
  • the charging and discharging control unit B2 is configured to: when the rechargeable battery B1 needs to be charged, control the rechargeable battery B1 to be coupled to the bus 12 through the charging subunit B3, and from the bus 12 Receive charging power to charge the rechargeable battery B1; when it is necessary to supply power to the terminal component (such as an alarm unit), control the rechargeable battery B1 to be coupled to the alarm through the electronic discharge unit B4 Unit and supply power to the alarm unit; when the external linkage device needs to be driven, the rechargeable battery B1 is controlled to drive the external linkage device.
  • the terminal component such as an alarm unit
  • the charging and discharging control unit B2 has a switch S.
  • the switch S When the switch S is turned to the left position, the rechargeable battery B1 is coupled to the bus 12 through the charging subunit B3, and Under the control of the charging subunit B3, it receives charging power from the bus 12 to perform charging.
  • the charge and discharge control unit B2 controls the switch S to turn to the right, and the rechargeable battery B1 is coupled to the electronic discharge unit B4. Load A2.
  • a part of the electrical components of the terminal component 13 can be directly powered by the bus 12, and another part of the electrical components can be powered by the energy storage unit.
  • the electrical components of the terminal component 13 may include (or be divided into) a low power consumption unit and a high power consumption unit, for example.
  • low-power consumption units such as clock circuits, communication interface circuits, etc., as shown by A1 in FIG. 3
  • high-power consumption units for example, include alarm units and/or peripheral drive modules. Take the alarm unit as an example. When an alarm event occurs, it needs to alert the surrounding people with a sharp sound or a strong luminous intensity, and therefore requires high instantaneous power consumption.
  • the low power consumption unit may be connected to the bus and be powered by the bus; the high power consumption unit is connected to the energy storage unit and is powered by the energy storage unit.
  • the high power consumption unit includes the alarm unit.
  • the load A2 is, for example, an alarm unit, and the alarm unit is installed on the base.
  • the alarm unit includes one or more of a sound alarm, a light alarm, a sound and light alarm, a fire display panel, and an active output module.
  • the energy storage unit B1 may also be integrated with the alarm unit.
  • the energy storage unit B1 may also be arranged on the base and be detachable from the alarm unit.
  • the load A2 may also include an input monitoring unit and an output activation unit, the input monitoring unit and the output activation unit are integrated with the alarm unit, or are arranged on the base.
  • the input monitoring unit is used to monitor external equipment status signals
  • the output start unit is used to provide external contact status signals or externally provide switch contact switching or externally drive.
  • the energy storage unit includes a rechargeable battery.
  • the energy storage unit may also include a non-rechargeable battery, or a combination of a rechargeable battery and a non-rechargeable battery.
  • the intelligent energy distribution of the system is supported by rationally designing the bus communication protocol, and the rechargeable battery is charged.
  • the preset mode of charging includes one or more of the following:
  • the charge and discharge control unit receives charging power from the bus according to a preset time to charge the rechargeable battery. For example, assuming that 10 minutes is a complete cycle, then within 10 minutes, 3 seconds are allocated to each terminal component. Within these three seconds, the charging and discharging control unit of the terminal component receives charging power from the bus and performs charging operations .
  • the energy storage unit of the terminal component for example, further includes a power monitoring unit for monitoring the power of the rechargeable battery.
  • the charge and discharge control unit is coupled to the power monitoring unit, and when it is determined that the power of the rechargeable battery is lower than the threshold, it actively reports to the control unit, requesting charging, and after obtaining the confirmation of the control unit, it receives the charging power from the bus and Perform charging operation.
  • the sum of the communication current and the charging current on the bus is kept substantially constant.
  • the current on the bus 12 is I1
  • the communication signal current is I1
  • the charging current is I2
  • the total current I I1+I2
  • the total current remains constant.
  • the terminal component 13 further includes a detector A3 configured to detect surrounding environmental parameters, the detector A3 is coupled to the alarm unit, and the alarm unit is configured When the detector detects an abnormal situation, it is at least partially powered by the energy storage unit to issue an alarm signal.
  • the detector includes a smoke detector, a temperature detector, a flame detector, a combustible gas detector, and a manual alarm.
  • the terminal component also includes a peripheral drive module that is coupled to the external linkage device and is configured to be powered by the energy storage unit to drive the external linkage device, the external linkage device includes But not limited to fire doors, fire valves, positive pressure blowers, exhaust fans, fire pumps, exhaust fans, fire doors, sprinklers, electromagnets, etc.
  • the length of the bus 12 is between 1m and 10000m, such as 1000 meters, 2000 meters, 3000 meters, 4000 meters, 5000 meters, 6000 meters, 7000 meters, 8000 meters, 9000 meters, 10,000 meters.
  • the maximum power consumption or maximum current on the bus is greatly reduced, which is similar to the power consumption in the static monitoring state.
  • the voltage drop on the bus loop is greatly reduced, allowing the bus loop to be longer and loaded
  • the number of parts is larger.
  • the bus length can only reach 1000-2000 meters at most. Compared with the existing solution, the present invention greatly increases the allowable bus loop length and increases the number of loaded components.
  • the alarm system 10 also includes one or more second terminal components 14 connected to the bus 12 and configured to receive power from the bus 12.
  • the preset mode includes one or more of the following:
  • the control unit allocates a charging time slice to each of the terminal components, and each terminal component receives charging power from the bus within the allocated time slice to charge the rechargeable battery;
  • the control unit When the power of the rechargeable battery of one of the terminal components is lower than the threshold, it requests the control unit to allocate a charging time slice, and after obtaining the allocated charging time slice, its charging and discharging control unit receives charging power from the bus for charging Charging the rechargeable battery;
  • the control unit designates one or more of the terminal components to charge, and the charge and discharge control unit of the terminal component receives charging power from the bus to charge the rechargeable battery.
  • the terminal component has a built-in battery, for example, the battery is arranged on the base or integrated with the alarm unit.
  • the built-in battery can provide sufficient power.
  • the power consumption of the bus loop is distributed evenly according to the actual situation.
  • the traditional fire alarm control bus loop consumes very little power in most monitoring states, but consumes a lot of power when the fire alarm or safety linkage is activated. The power consumption is very uneven with different times and different states.
  • the built-in battery of the terminal part can be charged with a small current for a long time and distributed time-sharing charging, so that the built-in battery of the terminal part of the bus loop is fully charged and maintains energy, so that the bus loop of the system can be in the monitoring state, fault state, alarm state and
  • the power supply current of the linkage start state is basically constant, and when the terminal components need high current power supply, it is powered by the built-in battery.
  • the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention changes the situation that the bus loop of the system consumes little power in the monitoring state, and the current in the alarm state and the linkage start state is large, so that the power consumption of the bus loop can be kept constant.
  • I2 is used to distribute electric energy to the base built-in batteries of the field components in chronological order, and the base built-in batteries of the field components are gradually charged as needed to store electric energy.
  • On-site components only need weak electrical energy most of the time, which can accumulate small energy for a long time. When electrical energy is needed, the accumulated energy can be used to meet the demand.
  • the energy storage components use rechargeable lithium batteries or other energy storage batteries, which have the characteristics of long-term slow charging, fast pulse or continuous high-current discharge. After the power consumption of the bus loop is equalized, the maximum power consumption or maximum current on the bus is greatly reduced, which is similar to the power consumption in the static monitoring state. The voltage drop on the bus loop is greatly reduced, allowing the bus loop to be longer and loaded The number of parts is larger.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention enables the fire alarm system to truly realize a safe and reliable two-bus system, which saves materials and labor, and greatly saves costs.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention makes the fire alarm system bid farewell to the 4-wire system and the distributed power supply system, which greatly improves the reliability and safety of the system.
  • the invention simplifies the design of the fire alarm system, greatly reduces the design workload of the fire alarm system, and shortens the design time.
  • the invention enables the fire alarm system to make full use of energy, energy saving, environmental protection, low carbon and green.
  • the first aspect of the present invention also relates to a control method 20 of the alarm system 10 as described above, which is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • step S21 the environmental parameters around the terminal component are detected.
  • the environmental parameters include, but are not limited to, one or more of smoke, temperature, flame, and combustible gas, which can be detected by corresponding sensors or detectors.
  • step S22 when the environmental parameter is abnormal, the energy storage unit drives the terminal component to issue an alarm and/or is used to drive an external linkage device.
  • the alarm is, for example, one or more of sound alarm, light-emitting alarm, sound and light alarm, fire display panel alarm, and other active or passive output.
  • control method further includes:
  • the electric power is received from the bus to charge the energy storage unit of the terminal component.
  • the timing or mode of receiving the electric power is as described above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the first aspect of the present invention relates to a terminal component that can be connected to a bus, such as the terminal component 13 shown in FIG. 3, which will be described in detail below.
  • the terminal component 13 includes a base B, a detector A3, an alarm unit A2, and an energy storage unit 131.
  • the detector A3 is arranged on the base B and is configured to detect environmental parameters around the terminal component.
  • the detector includes one or more of a smoke detector, a temperature detector, a flame detector, a combustible gas detector, a manual alarm button, a short circuit isolator, and a repeater.
  • the alarm unit A2 is arranged on the base B, and is configured to issue an alarm signal according to the environmental parameter or the control unit instruction.
  • the alarm unit includes one or more of a sound alarm, a light alarm, a sound and light alarm, a fire display panel, and an active or passive output module.
  • the energy storage unit is integrated with the alarm unit, or is arranged on the base, and is configured to provide at least a part of electric energy for the terminal component and/or be used to drive an external linkage device.
  • the energy storage unit 131 includes a rechargeable battery B1 and a charging and discharging control unit B2.
  • the charging and discharging control unit B2 can be connected or coupled to the bus 12 and from the bus 12 Receiving charging power to charge the rechargeable battery, and controlling the rechargeable battery to provide at least part of the electrical energy to the terminal component and/or to drive an external linkage device.
  • the terminal component further includes:
  • the low power consumption unit can be connected to the bus and powered by the bus;
  • a high power consumption unit connected to the energy storage unit and powered by the energy storage unit
  • the high power consumption unit includes the alarm unit.
  • the charging and discharging control unit B2 includes a charging subunit B3 and an electronic discharging unit B4, and the charging and discharging control unit B2 is configured to: when the rechargeable battery B1 needs to be charged, control The rechargeable battery B1 is coupled to the bus through the charging subunit B3, and receives charging power from the bus to charge the rechargeable battery B1; when it is necessary to supply power to the alarm unit A2, The rechargeable battery B1 is controlled to be coupled to the alarm unit A2 through the electronic discharge unit B4, and to supply power to the alarm unit A2. When the external linkage device needs to be driven, the rechargeable battery is controlled to drive the external linkage device through the electronic discharge unit B4.
  • the charge and discharge control unit B2 charges the rechargeable battery through one or more of the following modes:
  • the charge and discharge control unit receives charging power from the bus according to a preset time to charge the rechargeable battery. For example, assuming that 10 minutes is a complete cycle, then within 10 minutes, 3 seconds are allocated to each terminal component. Within these three seconds, the charging and discharging control unit of the terminal component receives charging power from the bus and performs charging operations .
  • the energy storage unit of the terminal component for example, further includes a power monitoring unit for monitoring the power of the rechargeable battery.
  • the charge and discharge control unit is coupled to the power monitoring unit, and when it is determined that the power of the rechargeable battery is lower than the threshold, it actively reports to the control unit, requesting charging, and after obtaining the confirmation of the control unit, it receives the charging power from the bus and Perform charging operation.
  • the terminal component further includes a peripheral drive module, which is coupled to an external linkage device and configured to be powered by the energy storage unit to drive the external linkage device.
  • the second aspect of the present invention relates to an alarm system 30, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the alarm system 30 of FIG. 5 is similar to the alarm system 10 of FIGS. 2 and 3. The differences between the two are described below with reference to the drawings.
  • the alarm system 30 includes a control unit 31, a bus 32, a plurality of terminal components 33 and a plurality of energy storage units 34.
  • the control unit 31 and the bus 32 are similar to the control unit and the bus of FIGS. 2 and 3, and the bus 32 is a power supply/communication multiplex bus.
  • the bus 32 is preferably a dual bus structure with a bus loop line + and a bus loop line- .
  • the terminal component 33 is connected to the bus 32, and the specific connection mode may be series, parallel, cascade, or hybrid connection.
  • the control unit 31 communicates with the plurality of terminal components 33 through the bus 32, and preferably supplies power to the terminal components 33.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows six terminal components 33, namely A, B, C, D, E, and X.
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the bus 32 may be connected to more terminals. More or fewer terminal components can be determined according to actual requirements, and these are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • a plurality of terminal components 33 are connected to the bus 32, and each terminal component 33 may have a uniquely assigned number ID, so that the terminal component 33 can communicate with the control unit 31 through the number ID, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the plurality of terminal components 33 are connected to the bus 32, and the control unit 31 communicates with the plurality of terminal components 33 through the bus 32.
  • the multiple energy storage units 34 are connected to the bus 32, and each of the energy storage units is configured to provide electrical energy for at least one terminal component.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows two energy storage units 34, one of which supplies power to the terminal part B, and the other supplies power to the terminal parts C, D, and E.
  • the energy storage unit provides electrical energy for the terminal components. In any case, these are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • some of the energy consuming components in the terminal components can be powered by the bus 32, and some of the energy consuming components can be powered by the energy storage unit 34, which is similar to that described in FIG. 3 of the first aspect of the present invention, and will not be repeated here.
  • the energy storage unit 34 and the terminal part 33 are separate parts, located outside the terminal part 33 and separated from them.
  • the energy storage unit 34 includes one or more of a rechargeable battery and a non-rechargeable battery.
  • the control unit supplies power to one or more of the plurality of terminal components through the bus.
  • the energy storage unit 34 includes a battery MB1 (as shown in FIG. 5), and the energy storage unit 34 can provide at least part of electrical energy for one or more terminal components 33 and/or be used to drive an external linkage device.
  • the energy storage unit 34 will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 5.
  • the energy storage unit 34 includes a rechargeable battery MB1, and the energy storage unit 34 further includes a charge and discharge control unit MB2.
  • the charge and discharge control unit MB2 can communicate with the control unit through the bus. , And receive charging power from the bus according to a preset mode to charge the rechargeable battery B1, and control the rechargeable battery B1 to provide at least part of the power to the terminal unit 33.
  • the terminal component 33 may include one or more electrical components, such as an alarm unit, a circuit chip, a clock circuit, an input monitoring unit, an output activation unit, etc.
  • the energy storage unit 34 may be a terminal component 33.
  • the terminal component 33 is sometimes used to connect with some external linkage equipment, such as but not limited to fire doors, fire valves, positive pressure blowers, and exhaust fans. , Fire pumps, exhaust fans, fire doors, sprinklers, electromagnets, etc. When an alarm event occurs, these external linkage devices need to be able to be triggered and/or driven in time.
  • the energy storage unit 34 can also be used to drive or trigger these external linkage devices.
  • the energy storage unit 34 can also directly drive or trigger these external linkage devices without passing through the terminal components.
  • terminal components 33 require the energy storage unit 34 to supply power.
  • terminal components A and X shown in FIG. 5 they can be connected to the bus 32 and configured to receive power from the bus. To maintain the operation of its own electrical components.
  • the present invention can be implemented in different ways according to specific conditions.
  • the charging and discharging control unit MB2 includes a charging subunit MB3 and an electron discharging unit MB4, wherein the charging subunit MB3 is configured to be connected from the bus 32 to receive charging power and charge the rechargeable battery MB1; the electronic discharge unit MB4 is configured to manage the external output power of the rechargeable battery MB1 when it is turned on to drive the load, for example, to drive the electrical components on the terminal unit 33 Or external linkage equipment.
  • the charging and discharging control MB2 unit is configured to: when the rechargeable battery MB1 needs to be charged, control the rechargeable battery MB1 to be coupled to the bus 32 through the charging subunit MB3, and from the bus 32 Receive charging power to charge the rechargeable battery MB1; when it is necessary to supply power to the terminal component (for example, an alarm unit), control the rechargeable battery MB1 to be coupled to the alarm through the electronic discharge unit MB4 When the external linkage device needs to be driven, the rechargeable battery MB1 is controlled to drive the external linkage device.
  • the terminal component for example, an alarm unit
  • the charging and discharging control unit MB2 has a switch S.
  • the switch S When the switch S is turned to the left position, the rechargeable battery MB1 is coupled to the bus 32 through the charging subunit MB3, and Under the control of the charging sub-unit MB3, it receives charging power from the bus 32 for charging.
  • the charge and discharge control unit MB2 controls the switch S to turn to the right, and the rechargeable battery MB1 is coupled to the terminal unit 33 through the electronic discharge unit MB4 And connected, or used to drive external linkage equipment.
  • a part of the electrical components of the terminal component 33 can be directly powered by the bus 32, and another part of the electrical components can be powered by the energy storage unit 34.
  • the electrical components of the terminal component 33 may include (or be divided into) a low power consumption unit and a high power consumption unit, for example.
  • low-power consumption units such as clock circuits, communication interface circuits, etc., as shown by A1 in FIG. 3
  • high-power consumption units for example, include alarm units and/or peripheral drive modules. Take the alarm unit as an example. When an alarm event occurs, it needs to alert the surrounding people with a sharp sound or a strong luminous intensity, and therefore requires high instantaneous power consumption.
  • the low power consumption unit may be connected to the bus and be powered by the bus; the high power consumption unit is connected to the energy storage unit and is powered by the power supply unit.
  • the high power consumption unit includes the alarm unit.
  • the load A2 is, for example, an alarm unit, and the alarm unit is installed on the base.
  • the alarm unit includes one or more of a sound alarm, a light alarm, a sound and light alarm, a fire display panel, and an active or passive output module.
  • the energy storage unit includes a rechargeable battery.
  • the energy storage unit may also include a non-rechargeable battery, or a combination of a rechargeable battery and a non-rechargeable battery.
  • the intelligent energy distribution of the system is supported by rationally designing the bus communication protocol, and the rechargeable battery is charged.
  • the preset mode of charging includes one or more of the following:
  • each energy storage unit Charges each energy storage unit according to a time sequence, that is, the charge and discharge control unit receives charging power from the bus according to a preset time to charge the rechargeable battery. For example, assuming 10 minutes is a complete cycle, then within 10 minutes, each energy storage unit is allocated for 3 seconds. During these three seconds, the charge and discharge control unit of the energy storage unit receives charging power from the bus and performs Charging operation.
  • the energy storage unit for example, further includes a power monitoring unit for monitoring the power of the rechargeable battery.
  • the charge and discharge control unit is coupled to the power monitoring unit, and when it is determined that the power of the rechargeable battery is lower than the threshold, it actively reports to the control unit, requesting charging, and after obtaining the confirmation of the control unit, it receives the charging power from the bus and Perform charging operation.
  • the sum of the communication current and the charging current on the bus is kept substantially constant.
  • the current on the bus 32 is I1
  • the communication signal current is I1
  • the charging current is I2
  • the total current I I1+I2
  • the total current remains constant.
  • the terminal component 33 further includes a detector, such as a detector A3 as shown in FIG. 3, the detector A3 is configured to detect surrounding environmental parameters, and the detector A3 and the alarm
  • the alarm unit is configured to be at least partially powered by the energy storage unit 34 to send an alarm signal when the detector detects an abnormal situation.
  • the detector includes a smoke detector, a temperature detector, a flame One or more of detectors, combustible gas detectors, manual alarm buttons, circuit short-circuit isolators, and repeaters.
  • the terminal component also includes a peripheral drive module that is coupled to the external linkage device and is configured to be powered by the energy storage unit to drive the external linkage device, the external linkage device includes But not limited to fire doors, fire valves, positive pressure blowers, exhaust fans, fire pumps, exhaust fans, fire doors, sprinklers, electromagnets, relays, etc.
  • the length of the bus 32 is between 1m and 10000m, such as 1000 meters, 2000 meters, 3000 meters, 4000 meters, 5000 meters, 6000 meters, 7000 meters, 8000 meters, 9000 meters.
  • the maximum power consumption or maximum current on the bus is greatly reduced, which is similar to the power consumption in the static monitoring state.
  • the voltage drop on the bus loop is greatly reduced, allowing the bus loop to be longer and loaded
  • the number of parts is larger.
  • the bus length can only reach 1000-2000 meters at most. Compared with the existing solution, the present invention greatly increases the allowable bus loop length and increases the number of loaded components.
  • the preset mode includes one or more of the following:
  • the control unit allocates a charging time slice for each energy storage unit, and each energy storage unit receives charging power from the bus within the allocated time slice to charge the rechargeable battery;
  • the control unit When the power of the rechargeable battery of one of the energy storage units is lower than the threshold, it requests the control unit to allocate a charging time slice, and after obtaining the allocated charging time slice, its charging and discharging control unit receives charging power from the bus to Charging the rechargeable battery;
  • the control unit designates one or more of the energy storage units to charge, and the charge and discharge control unit of the terminal unit receives charging power from the bus to charge the rechargeable battery.
  • the energy storage unit has a built-in battery, and the built-in battery can provide sufficient power when a relatively large power supply is required.
  • the power consumption of the bus loop is distributed evenly according to the actual situation.
  • the traditional fire alarm control bus loop consumes very little power in most monitoring states, but consumes a lot of power when the fire alarm or safety linkage is activated. The power consumption is very uneven with different times and different states.
  • the built-in battery of the energy storage unit can be charged with a small current for a long time and distributed time-sharing charging, so that the built-in battery of the energy storage unit of the bus loop is fully charged and maintains energy, so that the bus loop of the system can be in the monitoring state, fault state, and alarm state
  • the power supply current in the linkage start state is basically constant, and when the terminal component needs high current power supply, it is powered by the built-in battery.
  • the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention changes the situation that the bus loop of the system consumes little power in the monitoring state, and the current in the alarm state and the linkage start state is large, so that the power consumption of the bus loop can be kept constant.
  • I2 is used to distribute electric energy to the built-in battery of the energy storage unit in chronological order, and the built-in battery of the energy storage unit is gradually charged as needed to store electric energy.
  • On-site components only need weak electrical energy most of the time, which can accumulate small energy for a long time. When electrical energy is needed, the accumulated energy can be used to meet the demand.
  • the energy storage components use rechargeable lithium batteries or other energy storage batteries, which have the characteristics of long-term slow charging, fast pulse or continuous high-current discharge. After the power consumption of the bus loop is equalized, the maximum power consumption or maximum current on the bus is greatly reduced, which is similar to the power consumption in the static monitoring state. The voltage drop on the bus loop is greatly reduced, allowing the bus loop to be longer and loaded The number of parts is larger.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention enables the fire alarm system to truly realize a safe and reliable two-bus system, which saves materials and labor, and greatly saves costs.
  • the embodiment of the present invention makes the fire alarm system bid farewell to the 4-wire system and the distributed power supply system, which greatly improves the reliability and safety of the system.
  • the invention simplifies the design of the fire alarm system, greatly reduces the design workload of the fire alarm system, and shortens the design time.
  • the invention enables the fire alarm system to make full use of energy, energy saving, environmental protection, low carbon and green.
  • the present invention also relates to a control method 40 of the alarm system 30 as described above. As shown in FIG. 6, the control method includes:
  • step S41 detecting environmental parameters around the terminal component
  • step S42 when the environmental parameter is abnormal, the energy storage unit drives the terminal component to issue an alarm and/or is used to drive an external linkage device.
  • control method 40 further includes: receiving electric power from the bus to charge the energy storage unit.
  • control method further includes: controlling the energy storage unit from the control unit to drive the terminal component to issue an alarm and/or to drive an external linkage device.
  • the present invention also relates to an energy storage unit that can be connected to the bus, such as the energy storage unit 34 in FIG. 5, which includes a rechargeable battery MB1 and a charge and discharge control unit MB2, the charge and discharge control unit can be connected to the And receive charging power from the bus to charge the rechargeable battery, and control the rechargeable battery to provide at least part of the power to the terminal component and/or to drive an external linkage device.
  • the energy storage unit 34 in FIG. 5 which includes a rechargeable battery MB1 and a charge and discharge control unit MB2
  • the charge and discharge control unit can be connected to the And receive charging power from the bus to charge the rechargeable battery, and control the rechargeable battery to provide at least part of the power to the terminal component and/or to drive an external linkage device.
  • the charging and discharging control unit MB2 includes a charging sub-unit MB3 and an electron discharging unit MB4, and the charging and discharging control unit MB2 is configured to: when the rechargeable battery needs to be charged, control all The rechargeable battery is coupled to the bus through the charging subunit MB3, and receives charging power from the bus to charge the rechargeable battery; when it is necessary to supply power to the terminal unit 33, control the A rechargeable battery is coupled to the terminal part through the electronic discharge unit MB4, and supplies power to the terminal part.
  • the technical solutions of the first aspect and the second aspect of the present invention are described above. Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above-mentioned technical solutions of the first aspect and the second aspect can be combined with each other.
  • the alarm system 10 of the first aspect and the alarm system 10 of the second aspect can also be combined in an alarm system.
  • some terminal components have built-in energy storage units, while a separate energy storage unit is connected to the bus for supplying power to some terminal components.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种报警系统，包括：控制单元；总线；多个终端部件，连接在总线上，控制单元通过总线与终端部件通讯并给终端部件供电；多个储能单元，连接在总线上，每个储能单元配置成可为至少一个终端部件提供电能。本发明实施例改变系统总线回路在监视状态下耗电很小、报警状态和联动启动状态电流很大的情况，可以保持总线回路功耗小且恒定。现场部件在绝大部分的时间只需要微弱的电流，通过对储能单元的充电可以长时间小电流进行能量积累，在报警状态和联动启动状态电流很大的情况由储能单元供电。总线回路上的压降减小，允许总线回路长度更长，带载部件数量更大。由于总线回路功耗降低且平衡，使得总线回路抗电磁干扰的能力大大加强。

Description

报警系统、该报警系统的控制方法以及储能单元 技术领域
本发明涉及消防安全领域，特别涉及一种包含内置储能单元的报警系统、该报警系统的控制方法以及终端部件。
背景技术
火灾报警系统、电气火灾系统、气体灭火系统、电源监控系统、防火门监控系统、末端试水监控系统、火灾防排烟监控系统等(这些系统在下文中用火灾报警系统等表示)主要由控制器和各种总线回路终端部件组成。终端部件单元可以是任意探测类型的探测器，烟雾探测器、温度探测器、火焰探测器、报警按钮、输入模块、输出模块、声光警报器、火灾显示盘和可燃气体探测器等。
火灾报警系统等可以是两总线或两总线+外供电源形式的系统，两总线就是用两根导线组成总线回路，同时完成供电和通信。两总线+外供电源形式就是两根导线完成通信和小功耗部件的供电，大功耗部件或部件中大功耗单元的供电由两线或多线的外供电源或现场电源完成。
无论是两总线或两总线+外供电源的火灾报警系统等都有总线上功耗极不平衡的问题。在通常的监视状态下，功耗在很低的水平。当火警发生时，报火警设备的功耗大大提高，另外，伴有安全联动启动的设备，例如，总线上的警报器(声、光或声光警报器)的启动，输出模块启动火灾安全设备(防火门、防火阀，正压送风机和排烟风机，消防水泵等)，火灾显示盘上显示报警信息(屏幕点亮)等，这些设备都是功耗很大的设备，使得火灾报警系统在火警出现后，总线上的功耗非常大(相对于监视状态)。由于总线回路的供电能力有限，总线回路电阻较大，使得目前的火灾报警系统等在带载能力，总线最大长度上都受到极大的限制。系统以减少总线设备使用数量，缩短总线长度为代价，让系统工作。
特别是两总线火灾报警系统等，为了在低功耗的条件下，在同一个回路上实现通信 和供电，以牺牲安全为代价，使用一种欠安全，欠可靠的启动方式，用单次短脉冲供电方式启动外部设备。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的至少一个缺陷，本发明提供一种报警系统，包括：
控制单元；
总线，其中所述总线为供电/通讯复用总线；
多个终端部件，所述多个终端部件连接在所述总线上，所述控制单元通过所述总线与所述多个终端部件通讯；
多个储能单元，所述多个储能单元连接在所述总线上，每个所述储能单元配置成可为至少一个终端部件提供电能。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述储能单元配置为与所述终端部件是分离的，所述储能单元包括可充电电池和不可充电电池中的一个或多个，所述控制单元通过所述总线给所述多个终端部件供电。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述储能单元包括可充电电池，所述储能单元还包括充放电控制单元，所述充放电控制单元可通过所述总线与所述控制单元通讯，并按照预设模式从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电，并控制所述可充电电池对所述终端部件提供至少部分电能。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述预设模式包括以下中的一种或多种：
所述充放电控制单元按照预设时间从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；
当所述可充电电池的电量低于阈值时，所述充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；
当所述控制单元指定其中一个储能单元进行充电时，该储能单元的充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述总线上的通讯电流与充电电流之和保持基本恒定。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述终端部件还包括探测器和报警单元，所述探测器配置成可探测周围环境参数，所述探测器与所述报警单元耦接，所述报警单元配置成当所述探测器探测到异常情况时，至少部分由所述储能单元供电以发出报警信号，
所述终端部件还包括外设驱动模块，所述外设驱动模块与外部联动设备耦接，并配置成可由所述储能单元供电以驱动所述外部联动设备。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述终端部件包括：
低功耗单元，连接在所述总线上，由所述总线供电；
高功耗单元，连接到所述储能单元并由所述储能单元供电，
其中所述高功耗单元包括报警单元。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述报警单元包括声报警器、光报警器、声光报警器、火灾显示盘、有源或无源输出模块中的一个或多个，所述探测器包括烟雾探测器、温度探测器、火焰探测器、可燃气体探测器、手动报警按钮、回路短路隔离器、中继器中的一种或多种。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述充放电控制单元包括充电子单元和放电子单元，所述充放电控制单元配置成：当需要对所述可充电电池进行充电时，控制所述可充电电池通过所述充电子单元耦接到所述总线上，从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；当需要对所述终端部件供电时，控制所述可充电电池通过所述放电子单元耦接到所述终端部件，并对所述终端部件进行供电。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述总线的长度在1m-10000m之间，所述报警系统还包括一个或多个第二终端部件，所述第二终端部件连接在所述总线上，并配置成可从所述总线上接收电能。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述预设模式包括以下中的一种或多种：
所述控制单元为每个所述储能单元分配充电时间片，每个储能单元在所分配的时间片内，从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；
当其中一个储能单元的可充电电池的电量低于阈值时，向所述控制单元请求分配充电时间片，并在获得分配充电时间片后，其充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以 对所述可充电电池进行充电；
所述控制单元指定其中一个或多个储能单元进行充电，该储能单元的充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述终端部件还包括输入监视单元和输出启动单元，所述输入监视单元和输出启动单元与所述报警单元集成在一起，或设置在所述底座上。
本发明还提供一种如上所述的报警系统的控制方法，包括：
探测所述终端部件周围的环境参数；
当所述环境参数出现异常时，通过所述储能单元驱动所述终端部件发出报警和/或用于驱动外部联动设备。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述控制方法还包括：
从所述总线接收电功率，为所述储能单元充电。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述控制方法还包括：
从所述控制单元控制所述储能单元驱动所述终端部件发出报警和/或用于驱动外部联动设备。
本发明还提供一种可连接在总线上的储能单元，包括：
可充电电池；和
充放电控制单元，所述充放电控制单元可连接到所述总线，并从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电，并控制所述可充电电池对所述终端部件提供至少部分电能。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述充放电控制单元包括充电子单元和放电子单元，所述充放电控制单元配置成：当需要对所述可充电电池进行充电时，控制所述可充电电池通过所述充电子单元耦接到所述总线上，从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；当需要对所述报警单元供电时，控制所述可充电电池通过所述放电子单元耦接到所述报警单元，并对所述报警单元进行供电。
本发明的上述实施例中，终端部件内置电池，电池例如设置在底座上，或者与报警单元集成在一起。在终端部件需要较大电能供电时，底座的内置电池可以提供充足的电 能。总线回路功耗按照实际均衡分配。传统的火灾报警器控制总线回路，在绝大多数的监视状态下，耗电很少，而在火警或者安全联动启动时，耗电非常大。功耗则随不同时间、不同状态非常不均匀。通过终端部件的内置电池，可以长时间小电流充电，分布分时充电，使得总线回路的终端部件的底座内置电池充满电能并且维持能量，使得系统的总线回路能够在监视状态、故障状态、报警状态和联动启动状态的供电电流基本恒定，在终端部件需要大电流供电时，由底座内置电池供电。
另外，本发明的上述实施例改变系统的总线回路在监视状态下耗电很小、报警状态和联动启动状态电流很大的情况，可以保持总线回路功耗恒定。根据现场部件的需要，用I2给现场部件的底座内置电池按照时间顺序分配电能，现场部件的底座内置电池按需逐步充电，储存电能。现场部件在绝大部分的时间只需要微弱的电能，可以长时间小能量积累，需要用电能的时候，可以使用积累的能量满足需求。储能部件使用可充电锂电池，或者其他储能电池，具有长时间慢充电，快速脉冲或者持续大电流放电的特性。总线回路的功耗均衡化之后，总线上的最大功耗或最大电流大大降低，与静态监视状态下的功耗相似，总线回路上的压降大大减小，允许总线回路长度更长，带载部件数量更大。
由于总线回路功耗大大降低且平衡，使得总线回路抗电磁干扰的能力大大加强。本发明的优选实施例使火灾报警系统真正实现了安全可靠的两总线系统，既节约材料又节约人工，成本大大节省。本发明的优选实施例使得火灾报警系统告别了4线系统和分布电源供电的系统，大大提高了系统可靠性和安全性。
本发明使得火灾报警系统设计简化，大大降低了火灾报警系统的设计工作量，缩短设计时间。本发明使得火灾报警系统能够充分利用能源，节能环保，低碳绿色。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1示出了一种普通总线型火灾报警系统的体系结构；
图2示意性地示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的总线型火灾报警系统的体系结构；
图3示意性地示出了根据本发明的一个优选实施例的总线型火灾报警系统的详细结 构；
图4示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的一种报警系统的控制方法；
图5示出了根据本发明一个实施例的一种报警系统；和
图6示出了根据本发明一个实施例的报警系统的控制方法。
具体实施方式
在下文中，仅简单地描述了某些示例性实施例。正如本领域技术人员可认识到的那样，在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，可通过各种不同方式修改所描述的实施例。因此，附图和描述被认为本质上是示例性的而非限制性的。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语"中心"、"纵向"、"横向"、"长度"、"宽度"、"厚度"、"上"、"下"、"前"、"后"、"左"、"右"、"坚直"、"水平"、"顶"、"底"、"内"、"外"、"顺时针"、"逆时针"等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语"第一"、"第二"仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有"第一"、"第二"的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个所述特征。在本发明的描述中，"多个"的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语"安装"、"相连"、"连接"应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接:可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以相互通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征之"上"或之"下"可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征"之上"、"上方"和"上面"包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一 特征在第二特征"之下"、"下方"和"下面"包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
下文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本发明的不同结构。为了简化本发明的公开，下文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。当然，它们仅仅为示例，并且目的不在于限制本发明。此外，本发明可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或参考字母，这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的，其本身不指示所讨论各种实施方式和/或设置之间的关系。此外，本发明提供了的各种特定的工艺和材料的例子，但是本领域普通技术人员可以意识到其他工艺的应用和/或其他材料的使用。
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
图1示出了一种普通总线型火灾报警系统的体系结构。本申请的发明人发现，图1方案的问题主要集中在两个方面。
1.火灾报警系统等在监视状态下，总线回路上的功耗非常小；而在火警和安全联动启动的状态下，总线回路上功耗非常大。这样，火灾报警系统等总线回路的设计就按照功耗非常大的情况进行设计，使得总线回路长度减小，总线回路上带载终端设备数量大大减小。
2.火灾报警系统等总线回路上总有需要耗能的设备，不能完全使用总线回路提供电能，需要增加外部电源和供电回路，不能真正实现安全的两总线系统。
通常总线回路上功耗大的部件例如包括声光警报器、火灾显示盘、有源输出模块等。总线回路上声警报器、光警报器和声光警报器使用数量大大受限，全部工作时，总线压降太大，会使得总线上设备工作异常。总线回路上的火灾显示盘使用数量大大受限，使得火灾显示盘的亮度大大降低，点亮的时间大大缩短，影响消防安全人员阅读重要信息，正确判断火灾的准确位置，火灾显示盘使用量大时，总线压降太大，会使得总线上设备工作异常。
总线回路上的有源输出模块的使用数量受限，功能受限。有源输出模块启动外设时，需要对外设供电，为了降低总线上的功耗，只能采用短脉冲对外供电或很小的电流对外 供电。如果外设没有成功被启动，需要等待几十秒、甚至百秒以上的时间再实施第二次启动，造成消防安全启动不能及时、或不能启动等安全隐患。另外，无法对需要连续供电外部设备进行启动。
当以上这些设备工作在报警状态或启动状态时，总线上功耗大，总线压降很大，总线电压降至很低水平，可能使得部分或者全部总线设备不能正常工作，可能造成火灾报警系统等瘫痪。
当使用外部电源供电时，由于供电线路长，压降大，很多情况下需要多路供电，使得供电线材和设备使用量大大增加，系统安装所需人工也大大增加，成本很高，价格昂贵，造成不必要的浪费。当使用现场电源时，需要使用很多的电源，并且需要对其状态用输入模块进行监控，造成系统繁冗和不必要的浪费，降低系统的可靠性。
由于总线上的功耗大，对总线上的通信信号造成影响，使得通信质量变差，抗电磁干扰能力低，降低了系统可靠性和稳定性。另外由于总线上的功耗大，线上压降大，使得总线的总长度以及线上设备使用数量受到极大的限制。
第一方面
图2示出了根据本发明第一方面的报警系统10的示意图，下面参考附图详细描述。
如图2所示，报警系统10包括控制单元11、总线12、以及连接在总线12上的多个终端部件13。所述报警系统10例如为双总线型的火灾报警系统。所述总线12为可以进行供电和通讯的复用总线，连接到所述控制单元11。如图2所示，为了进行供电和通讯，所述总线12优选为双总线结构，具有总线回路线+和总线回路线-。所述终端部件13连接在所述总线12上，具体的连接方式可以是串联、并联、级联、或者混合连接方式。所述控制单元11通过所述总线12与所述多个终端部件13通讯，并对所述终端部件13进行供电。图2中示意性地示出了五个终端部件13，本领域技术人员容易理解，本发明不限于此，所述总线12上可以连接更多的或更少的终端部件，可以根据实际需求而定，这些都在本发明的保护范围内。另外，多个终端部件13连接在总线12上，每个终端部件13例如可具有唯一分配的编号ID，从而终端部件13可以通过该编号ID与控制单元11进行通讯，这里不再详细描述。
本发明实施例的报警系统10可以部署在工厂、建筑物等待监视区域中，控制单元11例如是中央控制或者监视中心，各个终端部件13分散在不同的位置，用于监测各种环境参数，通过总线与控制单元11进行通讯，因此控制单元11可以实时或者分时地监视不同的位置，获取各个位置相应的信息。
如图2所示，所示的终端部件13中的一个或多个中包括相应的储能单元131，储能单元131包括电池B1(如图3所示)，所述储能单元131可以为相对应的终端部件13提供至少部分电能和/或用于驱动外部联动设备。下面将参考图3详细描述所述储能单元131。
本领域技术人员容易理解，终端部件13上可包括一个或多个电气部件，例如报警单元、电路芯片、时钟电路、输入监视单元、输出启动单元等，所述储能单元131可以为终端部件13上的一个或多个电气部件进行供电和驱动。另外的或者可替换的，在报警系统中，终端部件13有时还用于与一些外部联动设备相连接，所述外部联动设备例如包括但不限于防火门、防火阀、正压送风机、排烟风机，消防水泵、排风机、消防门、喷淋器、电磁铁、继电器等。当发生报警事件时，这些外部联动设备需要能够被及时地触发和/或驱动。储能单元131也可以用于驱动或者触发这些外部联动设备。
图2中所示的终端部件13例如为一些需要较大功率或者电能的终端部件。在根据本发明的一些实施例中，所述报警系统10还包括一个或多个第二终端部件14，其对于电能的需求较小，或者瞬时功率较小，因此可以连接在所述总线12上，并配置成可从所述总线上接收电能，用于维持自身电气部件的工作运行。本发明可以根据具体情况有不同的实现方式。例如对于第二终端部件14，虽然其瞬时功率较小或者对于电能的需求较小，但也可以如终端部件13一样，内置储能部件，优选地可以将储能部件的容量设置的较小一些。
图3示出了根据本发明一个优选实施例的报警系统10的结构图，下面参考图3详细描述。
如图3所示，所述终端部件13还包括底座B，底座B例如可以安装在建筑物的顶部，其上用于安装终端部件13的其它机电、电气部件。在图3中，图2所示的储能单元131 包括可充电电池B1与充放电控制单元B2，所述充放电控制单元B2可通过所述总线12与所述控制单元11通讯，并按照预设模式从所述总线12接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池B1进行充电，并控制所述可充电电池B1对所述终端部件13提供至少部分电能和/或驱动所述外部联动设备。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，如图3所示，所述充放电控制单元B2包括充电子单元B3和放电子单元B4，其中充电子单元B3配置成当接通时，可从所述总线12上接收充电功率并对所述可充电电池B1进行充电；放电子单元B4配置成当接通时，管理所述可充电电池B1对外输出电能，驱动负载，例如驱动终端部件13上的电气部件或者外部联动设备。所述充放电控制B2单元配置成：当需要对所述可充电电池B1进行充电时，控制所述可充电电池B1通过所述充电子单元B3耦接到所述总线12上，从所述总线12接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池B1进行充电；当需要对所述终端部件(例如报警单元)供电时，控制所述可充电电池B1通过所述放电子单元B4耦接到所述报警单元，并对所述报警单元进行供电；当需要驱动所述外部联动设备时，控制所述可充电电池B1驱动所述外部联动设备。
如图3所示，所述充放电控制单元B2中具有开关S，当开关S打向左侧的位置时，可充电电池B1通过充电子单元B3被耦接到所述总线12上，并且在充电子单元B3的控制下，从总线12上接收充电功率从而进行充电。当需要对负载A2进行供电时，所述负载例如图3中A2所示，充放电控制单元B2控制所述开关S打向右侧，可充电电池B1通过放电子单元B4被耦接到所述负载A2上。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述终端部件13的一部分电气部件可直接由总线12供电，另一部分电气部件可以由所述储能单元供电。终端部件13的电气部件例如可包括(或分为)低功耗单元和高功耗单元。其中低功耗单元例如时钟电路、通讯接口电路等，如图3中的A1所示，高功耗单元例如包括报警单元和/或外设驱动模块。以报警单元为例，其在发生报警事件时，需要以尖锐的声响或者强烈的发光强度来提醒周围人群，因此需要较高的瞬时功耗。根据本发明的一个优选实施例，低功耗单元可以连接在所述总线上，由所述总线供电；高功耗单元连接到所述储能单元并由所述储能单元供电。其中所述高 功耗单元包括所述报警单元。本领域技术人员容易理解，低功耗单元与高功耗单元仅是相对的概念，并且根据一个实施例，可以都由所述储能单元供电和驱动。
所述负载A2例如为报警单元，所述报警单元安装在所述底座上。报警单元包括声报警器、光报警器、声光报警器、火灾显示盘、有源输出模块中的一个或多个。根据本发明的一个实施例，所述储能单元B1也可以与所述报警单元集成在一起。根据本发明的另一个实施例，所述储能单元B1也可以设置在所述底座上，与所述报警单元是可分离的。所述负载A2还可以包括输入监视单元和输出启动单元，所述输入监视单元和输出启动单元与所述报警单元集成在一起，或设置在所述底座上。其中输入监视单元用于监视外部设备状态信号，输出启动单元用于对外提供触点状态信号或对外提供开关触点切换或对外提供驱动。
上述实施例中，所述储能单元包括可充电电池。本领域技术人员容易理解，所述储能单元也可以包括不可充电电池，或者包括可充电电池与不可充电电池的组合。
根据本发明的一个实施例，通过合理设计总线通讯协议支持系统智能能量分配，对所述可充电电池充电。所述充电的预设模式包括以下中的一种或多种：
(1)按照时序给各个终端部件中的储能单元充电，即所述充放电控制单元按照预设时间从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电。例如假设10分钟为一个完整的周期，那么在10分钟内，对每一个终端部件分配3秒钟，在这三秒钟内，该终端部件的充放电控制单元从总线接收充电功率，进行充电操作。
(2)按照终端部件的需求给各个终端部件中的储能单元充电，当所述可充电电池的电量低于阈值时，所述充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电。终端部件的储能单元例如还包括电量监视单元，用于监视可充电电池的电量。充放电控制单元与所述电量监视单元耦接，当判断可充电电池的电量低于阈值时，主动地向控制单元上报，请求充电，并且在获得控制单元的确认之后，从总线接收充电功率并进行充电操作。
(3)按照点名规则给各个终端部件中的储能单元充电，当所述控制单元指定其中一个终端部件进行充电时，该终端部件的充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所 述可充电电池进行充电。
以上三种预设模式可以单独地进行，或者可以组合地进行，都在本发明的保护范围内。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述总线上的通讯电流与充电电流之和保持基本恒定。例如，在监视状态下所述总线12上的电流为I1，即通信信号电流为I1，充电电流为I2，总电流I＝I1+I2，总电流保持恒定。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述终端部件13还包括探测器A3，所述探测器A3配置成可探测周围环境参数，所述探测器A3与所述报警单元耦接，所述报警单元配置成当所述探测器探测到异常情况时，至少部分由所述储能单元供电以发出报警信号，所述探测器包括烟雾探测器、温度探测器、火焰探测器、可燃气体探测器、手动报警按钮、回路短路隔离器、中继器中的一种或多种。
所述终端部件还包括外设驱动模块，所述外设驱动模块与所述外部联动设备耦接，并配置成可由所述储能单元供电以驱动所述外部联动设备，所述外部联动设备包括但不限于防火门、防火阀、正压送风机、排烟风机，消防水泵、排风机、消防门、喷淋器、电磁铁等。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，所述总线12的长度在1m-10000m之间，例如1000米，2000米，3000米，4000米，5000米，6000米，7000米，8000米，9000米，10000米。总线回路的功耗均衡化之后，总线上的最大功耗或最大电流大大降低，与静态监视状态下的功耗相似，总线回路上的压降大大减小，允许总线回路长度更长，带载部件数量更大。现有方案中，总线长度最多只能达到1000-2000米，本发明相对于现有方案大大提高了允许的总线回路长度，增加了带载部件的数量。
所述报警系统10还包括一个或多个第二终端部件14，所述第二终端部件14连接在所述总线12上，并配置成可从所述总线12上接收电能。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，所述预设模式包括以下中的一种或多种：
所述控制单元为每个所述终端部件分配充电时间片，每个终端部件在所分配的时间片内，从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；
当其中一个终端部件的可充电电池的电量低于阈值时，向所述控制单元请求分配充电时间片，并在获得分配充电时间片后，其充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；
所述控制单元指定其中一个或多个终端部件进行充电，该终端部件的充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电。
本发明的上述实施例中，终端部件内置电池，电池例如设置在底座上，或者与报警单元集成在一起。在终端部件需要较大电能供电时，内置的电池可以提供充足的电能。总线回路功耗按照实际均衡分配。传统的火灾报警器控制总线回路，在绝大多数的监视状态下，耗电很少，而在火警或者安全联动启动时，耗电非常大。功耗则随不同时间、不同状态非常不均匀。通过终端部件的内置电池，可以长时间小电流充电，分布分时充电，使得总线回路的终端部件的内置电池充满电能并且维持能量，使得系统的总线回路能够在监视状态、故障状态、报警状态和联动启动状态的供电电流基本恒定，在终端部件需要大电流供电时，由内置电池供电。
另外，本发明的上述实施例改变系统的总线回路在监视状态下耗电很小、报警状态和联动启动状态电流很大的情况，可以保持总线回路功耗恒定。根据现场部件的需要，用I2给现场部件的底座内置电池按照时间顺序分配电能，现场部件的底座内置电池按需逐步充电，储存电能。现场部件在绝大部分的时间只需要微弱的电能，可以长时间小能量积累，需要用电能的时候，可以使用积累的能量满足需求。储能部件使用可充电锂电池，或者其他储能电池，具有长时间慢充电，快速脉冲或者持续大电流放电的特性。总线回路的功耗均衡化之后，总线上的最大功耗或最大电流大大降低，与静态监视状态下的功耗相似，总线回路上的压降大大减小，允许总线回路长度更长，带载部件数量更大。
由于总线回路功耗大大降低且平衡，使得总线回路抗电磁干扰的能力大大加强。本发明的优选实施例使火灾报警系统真正实现了安全可靠的两总线系统，既节约材料又节约人工，成本大大节省。本发明的优选实施例使得火灾报警系统告别了4线系统和分布电源供电的系统，大大提高了系统可靠性和安全性。
本发明使得火灾报警系统设计简化，大大降低了火灾报警系统的设计工作量，缩短 设计时间。本发明使得火灾报警系统能够充分利用能源，节能环保，低碳绿色。
如图4所示，本发明的第一方面还涉及一种如上所述的报警系统10的控制方法20，下面参考附图描述。
在步骤S21，探测所述终端部件周围的环境参数。
所述环境参数例如包括但不限于烟雾、温度、火焰、可燃气体中的一种或多种，可通过相应的传感器或探测器进行检测。
在步骤S22，当所述环境参数出现异常时，通过所述储能单元驱动所述终端部件发出报警和/或用于驱动外部联动设备。
所述报警例如是声音报警、发光报警、声光报警、火灾显示盘报警、其它有源或无源输出中的一个或多个
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述控制方法还包括：
从所述总线接收电功率，为所述终端部件的储能单元充电。接收电功率的时机或者模式，如前文所述，此处不再赘述。
本发明的第一方面涉及一种可连接在总线上的终端部件，如图3所示的终端部件13，下面详细描述。
终端部件13包括底座B、探测器A3、报警单元A2以及储能单元131。其中所述探测器A3设置在所述底座B上，配置成可探测所述终端部件周围的环境参数。所述探测器包括烟雾探测器、温度探测器、火焰探测器、可燃气体探测器、手动报警按钮、回路短路隔离器、中继器中的一种或多种。报警单元A2设置在所述底座B上，并配置成可根据所述环境参数或控制单元指令发出报警信号。所述报警单元包括声报警器、光报警器、声光报警器、火灾显示盘、有源或无源输出模块中的一个或多个。所述储能单元与所述报警单元集成在一起，或设置在所述底座上，并配置成可为所述终端部件提供至少部分电能和/或用于驱动外部联动设备。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述储能单元131包括可充电电池B1和充放电控制单元B2，所述充放电控制单元B2可连接或耦接到所述总线12，并从所述总线12接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电，并控制所述可充电电池对所述终端部件提供至少部分 电能和/或用于驱动外部联动设备。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述终端部件还包括：
低功耗单元，可连接在所述总线上，由所述总线供电；
高功耗单元，连接到所述储能单元并由所述储能单元供电，
其中所述高功耗单元包括所述报警单元。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述充放电控制单元B2包括充电子单元B3和放电子单元B4，所述充放电控制单元B2配置成：当需要对所述可充电电池B1进行充电时，控制所述可充电电池B1通过所述充电子单元B3耦接到所述总线上，从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池B1进行充电；当需要对所述报警单元A2供电时，控制所述可充电电池B1通过所述放电子单元B4耦接到所述报警单元A2，并对所述报警单元A2进行供电。当需要驱动所述外部联动设备时，控制所述可充电电池通过所述放电子单元B4驱动所述外部联动设备。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述充放电控制单元B2通过以下模式中的一种或多种控制对所述可充电电池进行充电：
(1)按照时序给终端部件中的储能单元充电，即所述充放电控制单元按照预设时间从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电。例如假设10分钟为一个完整的周期，那么在10分钟内，对每一个终端部件分配3秒钟，在这三秒钟内，该终端部件的充放电控制单元从总线接收充电功率，进行充电操作。
(2)按照终端部件的需求给各个终端部件中的储能单元充电，当所述可充电电池的电量低于阈值时，所述充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电。终端部件的储能单元例如还包括电量监视单元，用于监视可充电电池的电量。充放电控制单元与所述电量监视单元耦接，当判断可充电电池的电量低于阈值时，主动地向控制单元上报，请求充电，并且在获得控制单元的确认之后，从总线接收充电功率并进行充电操作。
(3)按照点名规则给各个终端部件中的储能单元充电，当所述控制单元指定其中一个终端部件进行充电时，该终端部件的充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所 述可充电电池进行充电。
以上三种预设模式可以单独地进行，或者可以组合地进行，都在本发明的保护范围内。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述终端部件还包括外设驱动模块，所述外设驱动模块与外部联动设备耦接，并配置成可由所述储能单元供电以驱动所述外部联动设备。
第二方面
本发明的第二方面涉及一种报警系统30，如图5所示的。图5的报警系统30与图2和图3的报警系统10存在类似之处，下面参考附图着重描述二者的区别之处。
如图5所示，报警系统30包括控制单元31、总线32、多个终端部件33以及多个储能单元34。其中控制单元31和总线32与图2和图3的控制单元和总线类似，总线32为供电/通讯复用总线，所述总线32优选为双总线结构，具有总线回路线+和总线回路线-。所述终端部件33连接在所述总线32上，具体的连接方式可以是串联、并联、级联、或者混合连接方式。所述控制单元31通过所述总线32与所述多个终端部件33通讯，并优选地对所述终端部件33进行供电。图5中示意性地示出了六个终端部件33，分别为A、B、C、D、E和X，本领域技术人员容易理解，本发明不限于此，所述总线32上可以连接更多的或更少的终端部件，可以根据实际需求而定，这些都在本发明的保护范围内。另外，多个终端部件33连接在总线32上，每个终端部件33例如可具有唯一分配的编号ID，从而终端部件33可以通过该编号ID与控制单元31进行通讯，这里不再详细描述。所述多个终端部件33连接在所述总线32上，所述控制单元31通过所述总线32与所述多个终端部件33通讯。所述多个储能单元34连接在所述总线32上，每个所述储能单元配置成可为至少一个终端部件提供电能。图5中示意性示出了两个储能单元34，其中一个给终端部件B供电，另一个给终端部件C、D和E供电。
另外，本领域技术人员容易理解，本发明中，储能单元为终端部件提供电能，既包括储能单元提供终端部件所需全部电能的情形，也包括储能单元提供终端部件所需部分电能的情形，这些都在本发明的保护范围内。例如终端部件中的部分耗能部件可由总线32提供功率，而部分耗能部件由储能单元34提供功率，与本发明第一方面的图3中描述 的类似，此处不再赘述。
区别于图2所示的结构，图5的实施例中，储能单元34与终端部件33是单独的部件，位于终端部件33的外部，与其相分离。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，所述储能单元34包括可充电电池和不可充电电池中的一个或多个。所述控制单元通过所述总线给所述多个终端部件中的一个或多个供电。
储能单元34包括电池MB1(如图5所示)，所述储能单元34可以为一个或多个终端部件33提供至少部分电能和/或用于驱动外部联动设备。下面将参考图5详细描述所述储能单元34。
如图5所示，所述储能单元34包括可充电电池MB1，所述储能单元34还包括充放电控制单元MB2，所述充放电控制单元MB2可通过所述总线与所述控制单元通讯，并按照预设模式从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池B1进行充电，并控制所述可充电电池B1对所述终端部件33提供至少部分电能。
本领域技术人员容易理解，终端部件33上可包括一个或多个电气部件，例如报警单元、电路芯片、时钟电路、输入监视单元、输出启动单元等，所述储能单元34可以为终端部件33上的一个或多个电气部件进行供电和驱动。另外的或者可替换的，在报警系统中，终端部件33有时还用于与一些外部联动设备相连接，所述外部联动设备例如包括但不限于防火门、防火阀、正压送风机、排烟风机，消防水泵、排风机、消防门、喷淋器、电磁铁等。当发生报警事件时，这些外部联动设备需要能够被及时地触发和/或驱动。储能单元34也可以用于驱动或者触发这些外部联动设备。另外，储能单元34也可以直接地驱动或者触发这些外部联动设备，而不通过所述终端部件。
本领域技术人员容易理解，并非所有的终端部件33都需要储能单元34供电。对于一些电能需求较小或者瞬时功率较小的终端部件，例如图5中所示的终端部件A和X，可以连接在所述总线32上，并配置成可从所述总线上接收电能，用于维持自身电气部件的工作运行。本发明可以根据具体情况有不同的实现方式。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，如图5所示，所述充放电控制单元MB2包括充电子单元MB3和放电子单元MB4，其中充电子单元MB3配置成当接通时，可从所述总线32上 接收充电功率并对所述可充电电池MB1进行充电；放电子单元MB4配置成当接通时，管理所述可充电电池MB1对外输出电能，驱动负载，例如驱动终端部件33上的电气部件或者外部联动设备。所述充放电控制MB2单元配置成：当需要对所述可充电电池MB1进行充电时，控制所述可充电电池MB1通过所述充电子单元MB3耦接到所述总线32上，从所述总线32接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池MB1进行充电；当需要对所述终端部件(例如报警单元)供电时，控制所述可充电电池MB1通过所述放电子单元MB4耦接到所述报警单元，并对所述报警单元进行供电；当需要驱动所述外部联动设备时，控制所述可充电电池MB1驱动所述外部联动设备。
如图5所示，所述充放电控制单元MB2中具有开关S，当开关S打向左侧的位置时，可充电电池MB1通过充电子单元MB3被耦接到所述总线32上，并且在充电子单元MB3的控制下，从总线32上接收充电功率从而进行充电。当需要对终端部件33进行供电时或驱动外部联动设备时，充放电控制单元MB2控制所述开关S打向右侧，可充电电池MB1通过放电子单元MB4被耦接到所述终端部件33上并接通，或者用于驱动外部联动设备。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述终端部件33的一部分电气部件可直接由总线32供电，另一部分电气部件可以由所述储能单元34供电。终端部件33的电气部件例如可包括(或分为)低功耗单元和高功耗单元。其中低功耗单元例如时钟电路、通讯接口电路等，如图3中的A1所示，高功耗单元例如包括报警单元和/或外设驱动模块。以报警单元为例，其在发生报警事件时，需要以尖锐的声响或者强烈的发光强度来提醒周围人群，因此需要较高的瞬时功耗。根据本发明的一个优选实施例，低功耗单元可以连接在所述总线上，由所述总线供电；高功耗单元连接到所述储能单元并由所述供电单元供电。其中所述高功耗单元包括所述报警单元。本领域技术人员容易理解，低功耗单元与高功耗单元仅是相对的概念，并且根据一个实施例，可以都由所述储能单元供电和驱动。所述负载A2例如为报警单元，所述报警单元安装在所述底座上。报警单元包括声报警器、光报警器、声光报警器、火灾显示盘、有源或无源输出模块中的一个或多个。
上述实施例中，所述储能单元包括可充电电池。本领域技术人员容易理解，所述储能单元也可以包括不可充电电池，或者包括可充电电池与不可充电电池的组合。
根据本发明的一个实施例，通过合理设计总线通讯协议支持系统智能能量分配，对所述可充电电池充电。所述充电的预设模式包括以下中的一种或多种：
(1)按照时序给各个储能单元充电，即所述充放电控制单元按照预设时间从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电。例如假设10分钟为一个完整的周期，那么在10分钟内，对每一个储能单元分配3秒钟，在这三秒钟内，该储能单元的充放电控制单元从总线接收充电功率，进行充电操作。
(2)按照储能单元的需求给各个储能单元充电，当所述可充电电池的电量低于阈值时，所述充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电。储能单元例如还包括电量监视单元，用于监视可充电电池的电量。充放电控制单元与所述电量监视单元耦接，当判断可充电电池的电量低于阈值时，主动地向控制单元上报，请求充电，并且在获得控制单元的确认之后，从总线接收充电功率并进行充电操作。
(3)按照点名规则给各个储能单元充电，当所述控制单元指定其中一个储能进行充电时，该储能单元的充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电。
以上三种预设模式可以单独地进行，或者可以组合地进行，都在本发明的保护范围内。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述总线上的通讯电流与充电电流之和保持基本恒定。例如，在监视状态下所述总线32上的电流为I1，即通信信号电流为I1，充电电流为I2，总电流I＝I1+I2，总电流保持恒定。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述终端部件33还包括探测器，如图3所示的探测器A3，所述探测器A3配置成可探测周围环境参数，所述探测器A3与所述报警单元耦接，所述报警单元配置成当所述探测器探测到异常情况时，至少部分由所述储能单元34供电以发出报警信号，所述探测器包括烟雾探测器、温度探测器、火焰探测器、可燃气体探测器、手动报警按钮、回路短路隔离器、中继器中的一种或多种。
所述终端部件还包括外设驱动模块，所述外设驱动模块与所述外部联动设备耦接，并配置成可由所述储能单元供电以驱动所述外部联动设备，所述外部联动设备包括但不 限于防火门、防火阀、正压送风机、排烟风机，消防水泵、排风机、消防门、喷淋器、电磁铁、继电器等。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，所述总线32的长度在1m-10000m之间，例如1000米，2000米，3000米，4000米，5000米，6000米，7000米，8000米，9000米。总线回路的功耗均衡化之后，总线上的最大功耗或最大电流大大降低，与静态监视状态下的功耗相似，总线回路上的压降大大减小，允许总线回路长度更长，带载部件数量更大。现有方案中，总线长度最多只能达到1000-2000米，本发明相对于现有方案大大提高了允许的总线回路长度，增加了带载部件的数量。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，所述预设模式包括以下中的一种或多种：
所述控制单元为每个所述储能单元分配充电时间片，每个储能单元在所分配的时间片内，从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；
当其中一个储能单元的可充电电池的电量低于阈值时，向所述控制单元请求分配充电时间片，并在获得分配充电时间片后，其充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；
所述控制单元指定其中一个或多个储能单元进行充电，该终端部件的充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电。
本发明的上述实施例中，储能单元内置电池，在需要较大电能供电时，内置的电池可以提供充足的电能。总线回路功耗按照实际均衡分配。传统的火灾报警器控制总线回路，在绝大多数的监视状态下，耗电很少，而在火警或者安全联动启动时，耗电非常大。功耗则随不同时间、不同状态非常不均匀。通过储能单元的内置电池，可以长时间小电流充电，分布分时充电，使得总线回路的储能单元内置电池充满电能并且维持能量，使得系统的总线回路能够在监视状态、故障状态、报警状态和联动启动状态的供电电流基本恒定，在终端部件需要大电流供电时，由内置电池供电。
另外，本发明的上述实施例改变系统的总线回路在监视状态下耗电很小、报警状态和联动启动状态电流很大的情况，可以保持总线回路功耗恒定。根据现场部件的需要，用I2给储能单元内置电池按照时间顺序分配电能，储能单元内置电池按需逐步充电，储 存电能。现场部件在绝大部分的时间只需要微弱的电能，可以长时间小能量积累，需要用电能的时候，可以使用积累的能量满足需求。储能部件使用可充电锂电池，或者其他储能电池，具有长时间慢充电，快速脉冲或者持续大电流放电的特性。总线回路的功耗均衡化之后，总线上的最大功耗或最大电流大大降低，与静态监视状态下的功耗相似，总线回路上的压降大大减小，允许总线回路长度更长，带载部件数量更大。
由于总线回路功耗大大降低且平衡，使得总线回路抗电磁干扰的能力大大加强。本发明的优选实施例使火灾报警系统真正实现了安全可靠的两总线系统，既节约材料又节约人工，成本大大节省。本发明的实施例使得火灾报警系统告别了4线系统和分布电源供电的系统，大大提高了系统可靠性和安全性。
本发明使得火灾报警系统设计简化，大大降低了火灾报警系统的设计工作量，缩短设计时间。本发明使得火灾报警系统能够充分利用能源，节能环保，低碳绿色。
本发明还涉及一种如上所述的报警系统30的控制方法40，如图6所示，该控制方法包括：
在步骤S41，探测所述终端部件周围的环境参数；
在步骤S42，当所述环境参数出现异常时，通过所述储能单元驱动所述终端部件发出报警和/或用于驱动外部联动设备。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述控制方法40还包括：从所述总线接收电功率，为所述储能单元充电。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述控制方法还包括：从所述控制单元控制所述储能单元驱动所述终端部件发出报警和/或用于驱动外部联动设备。
本发明还涉及一种可连接在总线上的储能单元，如图5中的储能单元34，其包括可充电电池MB1和充放电控制单元MB2，所述充放电控制单元可连接到所述总线，并从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电，并控制所述可充电电池对所述终端部件提供至少部分电能和/或用于驱动外部联动设备。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述充放电控制单元MB2包括充电子单元MB3和放电子单元MB4，所述充放电控制单元MB2配置成：当需要对所述可充电电池进行充电时，控制 所述可充电电池通过所述充电子单元MB3耦接到所述总线上，从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；当需要对所述终端部件33供电时，控制所述可充电电池通过所述放电子单元MB4耦接到所述终端部件，并对所述终端部件进行供电。
以上描述了本发明的第一方面和第二方面的技术方案。本领域技术人员容易理解，上述第一方面和第二方面的技术方案可以相互结合，除了技术特征的结合以外，还可以在一个报警系统中同时结合第一方面的报警系统10和第二方面的报警系统30，例如部分终端部件内置储能单元，同时在总线上连接有单独的储能单元，用于为一部分终端部件供电，这些都在本发明的保护范围内。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种报警系统，包括：
    控制单元；
    总线，其中所述总线为供电/通讯复用总线；
    多个终端部件，所述多个终端部件连接在所述总线上，所述控制单元通过所述总线与所述多个终端部件通讯；
    多个储能单元，所述多个储能单元连接在所述总线上，每个所述储能单元配置成可为至少一个终端部件提供电能。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的报警系统，其中所述储能单元配置为与所述终端部件是分离的，所述储能单元包括可充电电池和不可充电电池中的一个或多个，所述控制单元通过所述总线给所述多个终端部件供电。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的报警系统，其中所述储能单元包括可充电电池，所述储能单元还包括充放电控制单元，所述充放电控制单元可通过所述总线与所述控制单元通讯，并按照预设模式从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电，并控制所述可充电电池对所述终端部件提供至少部分电能。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的报警系统，其中所述预设模式包括以下中的一种或多种：
    所述充放电控制单元按照预设时间从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；
    当所述可充电电池的电量低于阈值时，所述充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；
    当所述控制单元指定其中一个储能单元进行充电时，该储能单元的充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的报警系统，其中所述总线上的通讯电流与充电电流之和保持基本恒定。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的报警系统，其中所述终端部件还包括探测器和报警单元，所述探测器配置成可探测周围环境参数，所述探测器与所述报警单元耦接，所述报警单元配置成当所述探测器探测到异常情况时，至少部分由所述储能单元供电以发出报警信号，
    所述终端部件还包括外设驱动模块，所述外设驱动模块与外部联动设备耦接，并配置成可由所述储能单元供电以驱动所述外部联动设备。
  7. 如权利要2所述的报警系统，其中所述终端部件包括：
    低功耗单元，连接在所述总线上，由所述总线供电；
    高功耗单元，连接到所述储能单元并由所述储能单元供电，
    其中所述高功耗单元包括报警单元。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的报警系统，其中所述报警单元包括声报警器、光报警器、声光报警器、火灾显示盘、有源或无源输出模块中的一个或多个，所述探测器包括烟雾探测器、温度探测器、火焰探测器、可燃气体探测器、手动报警按钮、回路短路隔离器、中继器中的一种或多种。
  9. 如权利要求3或4所述的报警系统，其中所述充放电控制单元包括充电子单元和放电子单元，所述充放电控制单元配置成：当需要对所述可充电电池进行充电时，控制所述可充电电池通过所述充电子单元耦接到所述总线上，从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；当需要对所述终端部件供电时，控制所述可充电电池通过所述放电子单元耦接到所述终端部件，并对所述终端部件进行供电。
  10. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的报警系统，其中所述总线的长度在1m-10000m之间，所述报警系统还包括一个或多个第二终端部件，所述第二终端部件连接在所述总线上，并配置成可从所述总线上接收电能。
  11. 如权利要求3所述的报警系统，其中所述预设模式包括以下中的一种或多种：
    所述控制单元为每个所述储能单元分配充电时间片，每个储能单元在所分配的时间片内，从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；
    当其中一个储能单元的可充电电池的电量低于阈值时，向所述控制单元请求分配充电时间片，并在获得分配充电时间片后，其充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；
    所述控制单元指定其中一个或多个储能单元进行充电，该储能单元的充放电控制单元从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电。
  12. 如权利要求1或2所述的报警系统，其中所述终端部件还包括输入监视单元和输出启动单元，所述输入监视单元和输出启动单元与所述报警单元集成在一起，或设置在所述底座上。
  13. 一种如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的报警系统的控制方法，包括：
    探测所述终端部件周围的环境参数；
    当所述环境参数出现异常时，通过所述储能单元驱动所述终端部件发出报警和/或用于驱动外部联动设备。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的控制方法，还包括：
    从所述总线接收电功率，为所述储能单元充电。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的控制方法，还包括：
    从所述控制单元控制所述储能单元驱动所述终端部件发出报警和/或用于驱动外部联动设备。
  16. 一种可连接在总线上的储能单元，包括：
    可充电电池；和
    充放电控制单元，所述充放电控制单元可连接到所述总线，并从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电，并控制所述可充电电池对所述终端部件提供至少部分电能。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的储能单元，其中所述充放电控制单元包括充电子单元和放电子单元，所述充放电控制单元配置成：当需要对所述可充电电池进行充电时，控制所述可充电电池通过所述充电子单元耦接到所述总线上，从所述总线接收充电功率以对所述可充电电池进行充电；当需要对所述终端部件供电时，控制所述可充电电池通过所述放电子单元耦接到所述终端部件，并对所述终端部件进行供电。
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