WO2021143640A1 - 一种全固态全息拍摄器及全固态全息投影器 - Google Patents

一种全固态全息拍摄器及全固态全息投影器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021143640A1
WO2021143640A1 PCT/CN2021/071046 CN2021071046W WO2021143640A1 WO 2021143640 A1 WO2021143640 A1 WO 2021143640A1 CN 2021071046 W CN2021071046 W CN 2021071046W WO 2021143640 A1 WO2021143640 A1 WO 2021143640A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens group
image
solid
projection
prism
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PCT/CN2021/071046
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王广军
余为伟
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荆门市探梦科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202010029144.5A external-priority patent/CN111105735A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202010029139.4A external-priority patent/CN111190325A/zh
Application filed by 荆门市探梦科技有限公司 filed Critical 荆门市探梦科技有限公司
Priority to CN202180008391.XA priority Critical patent/CN115039028A/zh
Publication of WO2021143640A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021143640A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B35/00—Stereoscopic photography
    • G03B35/08—Stereoscopic photography by simultaneous recording
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F19/00—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for
    • G09F19/12—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects
    • G09F19/18—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects involving the use of optical projection means, e.g. projection of images on clouds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of 3D display, in particular to an all-solid-state holographic camera and an all-solid-state holographic projector.
  • Holographic color photography technology can record real 3D picture information, but its shooting conditions are extremely harsh, and the optical path layout is very difficult. It can only be used for simple shooting in the laboratory and cannot be applied in real life.
  • the patent with the authorization number CN 203965794 U provides a 3D shooting solution, but requires high-speed moving parts, low system reliability, and extremely high data processing speed requirements.
  • 3D display technology can provide additional depth information on the basis of traditional two-dimensional display, and therefore is considered to be the development direction of next-generation display technology.
  • 3D display technology can provide additional depth information on the basis of traditional two-dimensional display, and therefore is considered to be the development direction of next-generation display technology.
  • the most successful commercial cases are pseudo 3D technology based on stereo image pairs, which cannot provide users with 3D images with real depth information.
  • the principle of a 3D movie in a movie theater is to use a projector to project two two-dimensional left and right eye image pairs on the screen. By wearing selective filter eyes, the two eyes can receive different images, thus creating a kind of I see the illusion of a 3D picture, but in fact the projected picture is only a 2D picture. Prolonged viewing can also cause eye discomfort.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an all-solid-state holographic camera in view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art. No moving parts are required during the working process, which greatly improves the reliability and image quality, and reduces the production cost and control difficulty. ; Provide an all-solid-state holographic projector, through the introduction of multiple equivalent projected image planes to achieve the function of real 3D image projection, while the invention does not require moving parts during the work process, greatly improving the reliability and image quality, while reducing Production cost and difficulty of control.
  • the present invention proposes an all-solid-state holographic camera, which includes a shooting lens group and an imaging unit arranged inside the holographic camera;
  • the shooting lens group is used to capture the light of the scene
  • the imaging unit includes a plurality of photosensitive chips. After the light from the image plane of the scene at different depths of field is optically converted by the photographing lens group and the imaging unit, the real image pictures of the image plane of the scene with different depths of field are formed and recorded on the photosensitive chips of corresponding distances;
  • the distance between adjacent pixels forming a real image on the photosensitive chip is d (mm), and the plurality of photosensitive chips are equivalent to a set of equivalent photosensitive surfaces parallel to each other corresponding to the photographing lens group, and any two adjacent pixels are adjacent to each other.
  • the distance between the equivalent photosensitive surfaces is L (mm), which satisfies: L ⁇ 2d.
  • the imaging unit further includes a light path integrated lens group, and the positional relationship between the light path integrated lens group and the plurality of photosensitive chips satisfies the principle of optical imaging, and is used for optically transforming scenes with different depths of field into real images;
  • the image surfaces of the scene at different depths of field are respectively imaged on the photosensitive chip with the corresponding focal depth, which is equivalent to the equivalent of the photosensitive chip Image on the photosensitive surface.
  • the optical path integration lens group is a cubic prism formed by splicing a plurality of sub-prisms, and a single photosensitive chip is respectively corresponding to one side surface of the optical path integration lens group;
  • the light from the image surface of the scene with different depth of field is reflected by the multiple sub-prisms of the optical path integration mirror group, and is respectively imaged on the photosensitive chip with the corresponding depth of focus.
  • the optical path integration lens group is an X-combining prism
  • the X-combining prism is formed by splicing 4 sub-prisms whose cross-sections are isosceles right-angled triangles.
  • the three photosensitive chips are respectively located on the side of the outer surface of the X combining prism perpendicular to the cross section thereof, and the distances between the three photosensitive chips and the corresponding side surfaces of the X combining prism are different.
  • the fourth outer surface of the X-combiner prism perpendicular to its cross-section is the image incident surface, and the image incident surface faces the shooting lens group.
  • the optical path integration mirror group is a cube prism composed of a number of sub-prisms, and the sub-prisms are formed on any surface of the cube, and two adjacent vertices and surfaces are taken.
  • the geometric center of the cube and the geometric center of the cube, a tetrahedral prism composed of four points, and the five photosensitive chips are respectively facing the five outer surfaces of the cube prism lens, and the distance from the surface is different.
  • the sixth of the cube prism lens One surface is the image incident surface, and the image incident surface faces the shooting lens group.
  • each sub-prism spliced into a cube prism is provided with a semi-transparent and semi-reflective film.
  • it further includes an optical path adjustment lens group arranged between the photographing lens group and the optical path integration lens group, and the optical path adjustment lens group is used to adjust the imaging position of the image plane of the scene with different depths of field.
  • optical path adjustment lens group is a lens group including a convex lens.
  • the relative position between the photographing lens group and the optical path integrated lens group and/or between the optical path integrated lens group and the photosensitive chip is adjustable.
  • the imaging unit is formed by arranging a plurality of transparent photosensitive chips layer by layer.
  • the imaging unit includes a plurality of half mirrors arranged along a straight line, each half mirror is correspondingly provided with a photosensitive chip arranged at an acute angle ⁇ , and a single photosensitive chip is separated from the corresponding half mirror.
  • the distance of the transflective mirror varies.
  • the multiple photosensitive chips of the imaging unit can be partially replaced by a projection unit to form a dual-function all-solid-state holographic camera that can both photograph and project.
  • the present invention proposes an all-solid-state holographic projector, including an imaging module and a projection lens set inside the holographic projector;
  • the imaging module is used to provide multiple equivalent image planes that are not coincident or parallel to each other, the distance between any two adjacent equivalent image planes is L (mm), and the adjacent pixels on a single equivalent image plane The distance is d(mm), which satisfies: L ⁇ 2d;
  • the projection lens group is used to project multiple equivalent image planes provided by the imaging module, and form a 3D image frame with depth information in space.
  • the imaging module includes a plurality of projection units, an integrated image surface mirror group, and a control chip electrically connected to the plurality of projection units;
  • the projection unit is used to project a picture to the image plane integrated mirror group
  • the image plane integrated lens group is used for outputting the projection light of the projection unit to the projection lens group after optical conversion;
  • the control chip is used to control the projection screen content of the projection unit
  • the projection light of the projection unit is optically converted by the image plane integrated mirror group, and the actual effect is equivalent to the formation of a plurality of non-overlapping or parallel equivalent image planes on one side of the projection lens group, and the equivalent image planes are projected
  • the light path conversion of the mirror group forms an image surface in space, and a plurality of the image surfaces form a 3D image screen with depth information.
  • the image surface integrated mirror group is a cubic prism formed by splicing a plurality of sub-prisms, and a single projection unit corresponds to one side surface of the image surface integrated lens group, and each projection unit corresponds to the image surface integrated lens group.
  • the distances between the corresponding sides are not the same.
  • the number of the projection units is 3, the image plane integrated mirror group is an X-shaped combining prism, and the X combining prism is formed by splicing 4 sub-prisms with a cross section of a right-angled isosceles triangle.
  • the cross section is square, the three projection units are respectively located on the side of the three outer surfaces of the X combined cube prism perpendicular to the cross section, and the distance between the three projection units and the corresponding side surface of the X combined cube prism is different.
  • the fourth outer surface of the X-combined cube prism perpendicular to its cross section is the exit surface, and the exit surface faces the projection lens group.
  • the number of the projection units is 5
  • the image plane integrated mirror group is a cubic prism composed of a number of sub-prisms, and the sub-prisms are formed on any surface of the cube, taking two adjacent vertices and The center of the face and the geometric center of the cube, a tetrahedral prism composed of four points, and the five projection units are respectively facing the five outer surfaces of the prism mirror of the cube, and the distance from the surface is different.
  • the six surfaces are the exit surface, and the exit surface faces the projection lens group.
  • each sub-prism spliced into a cube prism is provided with a semi-transparent and semi-reflective film.
  • it also includes an optical path adjustment lens group arranged between the imaging module and the projection lens group for converting and moving the spatial position of the equivalent image plane.
  • optical path adjustment lens group is a lens group containing convex lenses.
  • the relative position between the imaging module and the projection lens group and/or between the projection unit and the image surface integration lens group is adjustable.
  • the imaging module is formed by arranging a plurality of transparent display screens layer by layer.
  • the imaging module includes a plurality of half mirrors arranged along a straight line, and each half mirror is correspondingly provided with a projection unit arranged at an acute angle ⁇ , and each group of projection units and half mirrors are arranged at an acute angle ⁇ .
  • the distance between the transflective mirrors varies.
  • the multiple projection units in the imaging module can be partially replaced with photosensitive units to form a dual-function all-solid-state holographic projector that can both project and photograph.
  • the all-solid-state holographic camera in the present invention does not require moving parts during the working process, which greatly improves the reliability and image quality, while reducing the production cost and control difficulty;
  • the all-solid-state holographic camera uses the imaging unit through optical conversion to form and record real image images of scenes with different depths of field on different photosensitive units, thereby realizing the recording of real 3D image information, which is comparable to traditional 2D shooting equipment.
  • the present invention does not require a focusing process, which greatly improves the response speed;
  • the all-solid-state holographic camera in the present invention is used for 3D shooting, it can be backward compatible with 2D shooting functions;
  • the all-solid-state holographic camera in the present invention can also realize simultaneous shooting and projection display, which is convenient for application occasions with dual-function requirements of shooting and projection, greatly reducing system complexity and cost.
  • the all-solid-state holographic projector in the present invention realizes the function of real 3D image projection by introducing multiple equivalent image planes. Since the equivalent image planes are distributed in different depths in space, the projected images are also accompanied by depth information, and the holographic screen can provide users with real 3D display content;
  • the all-solid-state holographic projector in the present invention does not require moving parts during the working process, which greatly improves the reliability and image quality, while reducing the production cost and control difficulty. Moreover, the present invention can also realize the overall movement of the display depth range through adjustment;
  • the eyes need to dynamically adjust the focus depth just like watching real things, instead of the fixed focus depth of the ordinary 2D display picture, so it will not cause visual fatigue and help protect eyesight.
  • the all-solid-state holographic projector in the present invention can realize projection and shooting functions at the same time, which is convenient for outputting picture information and receiving external image information in real time during practical application. For example, it can recognize user interaction and expression information while displaying.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an all-solid-state holographic camera provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention with the optical path adjustment lens group 4;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the spatial position of the optical path adjusting mirror group 4 transforming the equivalent photosensitive surface 3;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the imaging unit 2 in Embodiment 1 where the number of photosensitive chips 21 is two;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the imaging unit 2 in Embodiment 1 where the number of photosensitive chips 21 is three;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hexahedral X-combining prism in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the imaging unit 2 in Embodiment 1 where the number of photosensitive chips 21 is 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of the sub-prisms constituting the optical path integration mirror group 22 in Embodiment 3;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the imaging unit 2 described in Embodiment 4.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a combination of the imaging unit 2 described in Embodiment 5;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another combination of the imaging unit 2 described in Embodiment 5;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an all-solid-state holographic projector provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention with a light path adjusting lens group 10;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the spatial position of the converted equivalent image plane 8 of the optical path adjusting mirror group 10;
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the imaging module 6 in Embodiment 6 where the number of projection units 61 is two;
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the imaging module 6 in Embodiment 7 where the number of projection units 61 is three;
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hexahedral X-combining prism in embodiment 6 and embodiment 7;
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the imaging module 6 in Embodiment 8 where the number of projection units 61 is 5;
  • FIG. 19 is a structural diagram of the sub-prisms constituting the image integration mirror group 62 in Embodiment 8;
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a combination of the imaging module 6 described in Embodiment 10;
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of another combination of the imaging module 6 described in Embodiment 10.
  • the present invention provides an all-solid-state holographic camera, including a shooting lens group 1 and an imaging unit 2 arranged inside the holographic camera;
  • the shooting lens group 1 is used to capture the light of the scene
  • the imaging unit 2 includes a plurality of photosensitive chips 21. After the light from the image surface of the scene at different depths of field is optically converted by the shooting lens group 1 and the imaging unit 2, the real image of the scene with different depth of field is formed on the photosensitive chip 21 at the corresponding distance. write it down;
  • the distance between adjacent pixels forming a real image on the photosensitive chip 21 is d (mm), that is, the distance between adjacent pixels on the photosensitive chip 21 is d (mm), and the plurality of photosensitive chips 21 are equivalent to those corresponding to the photographing lens group 1.
  • the equivalent photosensitive surface 3 can be a real physical photosensitive surface, or a virtual image surface of a physical photosensitive surface formed after light path conversion, or a real image surface, etc., arbitrarily adjacent
  • the distance between the two equivalent photosensitive surfaces 3 is L (mm), which satisfies: L ⁇ 2d.
  • the distance L between adjacent equivalent photosensitive surfaces 3 determines the resolution of the holographic image taken in the depth direction, and the pixel pitch d on any equivalent photosensitive surface 3 determines the horizontal resolution of the image, namely Plane resolution capability.
  • the depth resolution of the human eye is much lower than the horizontal resolution, so even if the pixel pitch in the depth direction is large, it will not cause resolution distortion. Therefore, the pixel pitch in the depth direction of the shooting picture can be set larger, which can effectively reduce Under the conditions of equipment and process costs, a very realistic 3D picture was taken.
  • the ratio of the pixel pitch in the depth direction to the horizontal pixel pitch that is, the ratio of L to d, can be enlarged as much as possible.
  • the ratio of the two When the ratio of the two is further increased, the number of image planes in the depth direction can be effectively reduced, while still maintaining the visible resolution of the 3D image in the depth direction.
  • the larger the ratio the worse the ability to express details in the depth direction. It can be adjusted according to the actual application.
  • the imaging unit 2 further includes a light path integrated lens group 22.
  • the positional relationship between the light path integrated lens group 22 and the plurality of photosensitive chips 21 satisfies the principle of optical imaging, and is used to optically convert the image surface of a scene with different depth of field into a real image. ;
  • the image surfaces of the scenes with different depths of field are respectively imaged on the photosensitive chip 21 with the corresponding depth of focus, which is equivalent to interacting with the photosensitive chip 21.
  • the corresponding equivalent photosensitive surface 3 is imaged.
  • the optical path integration lens group 22 is a cubic prism formed by splicing a plurality of sub-prisms, and a single photosensitive chip 21 corresponds to one side of the optical path integration lens group 22, and the light from the scene image surface of different depth of field passes through the optical path integration lens group 22. Transformation is the reflection of a plurality of sub-prisms, and images are respectively formed on the photosensitive chip 21 with the corresponding focal depth.
  • each photosensitive chip 21 is separated from the light path.
  • the distance of the integrated lens group 22 should be different.
  • a semi-transparent and semi-reflective film is provided at the split seam of each sub-prism spliced into a cube prism;
  • the real image may deviate from the ideal imaging interval.
  • an optical path adjustment lens group 4 can be introduced to convert the equivalent photosensitive surface 3 to the ideal imaging range.
  • the simplest way can be to use a lens group containing a convex lens, and use its optical imaging law to convert the image surface on the side of the convex lens to The other side. In practical applications, the imaging quality of a single convex lens is relatively poor. At this time, a series of optical elements used to correct aberrations, such as concave lenses, can be added.
  • the specific implementation method can learn from the more mature solutions in the industry (such as the reference camera multi-chip Lens design), I won’t go into details here.
  • the holographic camera of the present invention also has a focusing function, such as by adjusting the relative position between the photosensitive chip 21 and the optical path integration lens group 22 or adjusting the relative position between the photographing lens group 1 and the imaging unit 2, so it can be Part of the adjustment mechanism is added between the photographing lens group 1 and the optical path integrated lens group 22 and/or between the optical path integrated lens group 22 and the photosensitive chip 21 to realize the above-mentioned focusing function.
  • the adjustment mechanism can be diverse and is not limited here. , The specific can be determined according to the actual situation.
  • the imaging unit 2 can be directly formed by arranging multiple transparent photosensitive chips layer by layer, and they can penetrate each other, so that each layer of transparent photosensitive chip can correspond to the image surface of the scene with different depth of field, and independently form the 3D real image screen with different depth of field.
  • each photosensitive chip can be equivalently regarded as an equivalent photosensitive surface 3.
  • the transparent photosensitive chip can adopt the optical switch array mode provided by the patents with authorization numbers CN103926691B and CN103984089B.
  • the imaging unit 2 may also adopt the following combination: including a plurality of half mirrors 5 arranged along a straight line, each half mirror 5 is correspondingly provided with a photosensitive chip 21 arranged at an acute angle ⁇ , and a single photosensitive chip The distance between 21 and the corresponding half mirror 5 is different.
  • the photosensitive chip 21 can be located above the half mirror 5 or below the half mirror 5, and the range of ⁇ is 30. ° ⁇ 60°, preferably 45°.
  • the number of photosensitive chips 21 is two, and the optical path integration lens group 22 is a hexahedral X-combining prism, which is formed by splicing 4 prism mirrors with isosceles right-angled triangles in cross section and a square cross-section.
  • the X-combining prisms are internally split A semi-transmissive and semi-reflective film is provided at the slit.
  • the two photosensitive chips 21 are respectively located on the two opposite sides of the X-combining prism and perpendicular to the cross-section of the outer surface, and the two photosensitive chips 21 are corresponding to the distance from the X-combining prism. The side distances are different.
  • One of the other two outer surfaces of the X-combining prism perpendicular to its cross-section is the image incident surface, and the image incident surface faces the shooting lens group 1.
  • the actual effect is equivalent to the arrangement of two parallel and unobstructed equivalent photosensitive surfaces 3 behind the image incident surface: the light from the image surface of the scene with different depth of field directly passes through the shooting lens group 1 and then the two parallel and unobstructed equivalent photosensitive surfaces
  • the real image of the scene image surface with different depths of field is formed on surface 3.
  • the structure is similar to the color combiner prism of traditional projector, but there are obvious differences.
  • the coating film at the joints of the color combiner is a selective reflective film, such as only reflecting red.
  • the present invention uses a semi-transparent and semi-reflective film, no light selectivity, the three-color picture of the color combiner needs to overlap to form a color picture, and the present invention can combine the scene with depth information in each A real image of the scene image surface corresponding to the depth of field is formed on each photosensitive chip 21.
  • the number of photosensitive chips 21 is 3, and the optical path integration mirror group 22 is a hexahedral X-combining prism composed of 4 prisms with isosceles right-angled triangle cross-sections and the cross-section is square.
  • the X-combining prism has internal joints. There is a transflective film at the place, and the three photosensitive chips 21 are respectively located on the side of the outer surface of the X-combining prism perpendicular to the cross-section thereof, and the distance between the three photosensitive chips 21 and the corresponding side surface of the X-combining prism is different.
  • the fourth outer surface of the X-combiner prism perpendicular to its cross-section is the image incident surface, and the image incident surface faces the shooting lens group 1 directly.
  • the actual effect is like three parallel and unobstructed equivalent photosensitive surfaces 3 arranged behind the image incident surface. Because the surface spacing of the photosensitive chip 21 and the X-combining prism is different, the equivalent photosensitive surfaces 3 formed do not overlap. .
  • the light rays of the scene image surface with different depths of field directly pass through the shooting lens group 1 and then form real images of the scene image surface corresponding to the depth of field on the three parallel and unobstructed equivalent photosensitive surfaces 3 respectively.
  • the number of photosensitive chips 21 is 5
  • the optical path integration mirror group 22 is a cube prism composed of a number of sub-prisms, and the sub-prisms are made from any surface of a cube, taking two adjacent vertices and the center of the face and the geometric center of the cube, A tetrahedral prism composed of four points.
  • the internal joints of the cube prism are equipped with transflective films.
  • the five photosensitive chips 21 are respectively facing the five faces of the cube prism, and the distances from each surface are different.
  • the sixth surface of the prism is the image incident surface, and the image incident surface faces the shooting lens group 1 directly. The actual effect is equivalent to five equivalent photosensitive surfaces 3 parallel to each other arranged behind the image incident surface.
  • the form of the optical path integrated lens group 22 should match the number of photosensitive chips 21.
  • the optical path integrated lens group 22 can be a multi-faceted spliced by several sub-prisms. Cube structure, the number of outer surfaces of the multi-faceted cube structure is greater than 7.
  • the inside of the cube prisms used in the above-mentioned embodiments 1 to 3 and the joints of each sub-prism are provided with a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective film.
  • the photographing effect of the present invention can also be achieved without the semi-transparent and semi-reflective film at the joint of each sub-prism.
  • the imaging unit 2 is formed by 5 transparent photosensitive chips arranged layer by layer, which can penetrate each other, so that each layer of transparent photosensitive chip can correspond to a different depth of field image surface, independently forming a 3D real image with different depth of field, realizing 3D shooting As a result, each photosensitive chip can be equivalently regarded as an equivalent photosensitive surface 3.
  • the imaging unit 2 includes five half mirrors 5 arranged along a straight line. Each half mirror 5 is correspondingly provided with a photosensitive chip 21 arranged at 45°, and a single photosensitive chip 21 is separated from the corresponding half mirror 5 The distance of the half mirror 5 varies.
  • a real image of the scene image surface corresponding to the depth of field is formed on the corresponding photosensitive chip 21.
  • the actual effect is equivalent to that the light of the scene is directly on the half mirror.
  • the mirror group is imaged on a plurality of parallel and unobstructed equivalent photosensitive surfaces 3 on the side opposite to the scene.
  • the above-mentioned half mirror 5 does not require strict transmittance and reflectance to be equal to 50%, and the values of transmittance and reflectance can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, such as determining the specific values of the two according to the clarity of the picture.
  • the all-solid-state holographic camera in the present invention is used to shoot 3D images, by replacing part of the photosensitive chip 21 with a projection unit, a dual-function system of projection and camera can also be realized, so that it has the function of projection while shooting. , To further expand the functions of the system.
  • the real-time focusing function can be realized during shooting, so that no focusing time is required.
  • the present invention provides an all-solid-state holographic projector, including an imaging module 6 and a projection lens group 7 arranged inside the holographic projector;
  • the imaging module 6 is used to provide multiple equivalent image planes 8 that do not overlap or are parallel to each other.
  • the equivalent image plane 8 can be a physical real image plane or a virtual image plane or a real image plane obtained through optical conversion, etc., any phase.
  • the distance between two adjacent equivalent image planes 8 is L (mm), and the distance between adjacent pixels on a single equivalent image plane 8 is d (mm), which satisfies: L ⁇ 2d;
  • the distance L between adjacent equivalent image planes 8 determines the resolution of the projection image of the holographic projector in the depth direction, and the pixel pitch d on any equivalent image plane 8 determines the horizontal resolution of the image, namely Plane resolution capability.
  • the depth resolution of the human eye is much lower than the horizontal resolution, so even if the pixel pitch in the depth direction is large, it will not cause resolution distortion. Therefore, the pixel pitch in the depth direction of the projection screen can be set larger, which can effectively reduce Under the conditions of equipment and process costs, a very realistic 3D picture is projected.
  • the ratio of the pixel pitch in the depth direction to the horizontal pixel pitch that is, the ratio of L to d, can be enlarged as much as possible.
  • the ratio of the two When the ratio of the two is further increased, the number of image planes in the depth direction can be effectively reduced, while still maintaining the visible resolution of the 3D image in the depth direction.
  • the larger the ratio the worse the ability to express details in the depth direction. It can be adjusted according to the actual application.
  • the projection lens group 7 is used to project multiple equivalent image planes 8 provided by the imaging module 6 and form a 3D image frame with depth information in space.
  • the imaging module 6 includes a plurality of projection units 61, an integrated image surface lens group 62, and a control chip 63 electrically connected to the plurality of projection units 61;
  • the projection unit 61 is used to project a picture to the image plane integrated mirror group 62, which is equivalent to the imaging structure of an ordinary projection instrument in the prior art, and includes a light source, a liquid crystal chip, etc.;
  • the image plane integrated lens group 62 is used for optically converting the projection light of the projection unit 61 to the projection lens group 7;
  • the control chip 63 is used to control the projection screen content of the projection unit 61;
  • the image surface integrated lens group 62 is preferably a cubic prism formed by splicing multiple sub-prisms.
  • a single projection unit 61 corresponds to one side of the image surface integrated lens group 62, and each projection unit 61 corresponds to the image surface integrated lens group 62. The distances between the sides are not the same;
  • a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective film is provided in the split seam of each sub-prism spliced into a cube prism;
  • each projection unit 61 is reflected by the transflective film at the joint seam of the multiple sub-prisms of the image integrated mirror group 62.
  • the actual effect is equivalent to the formation of multiple non-overlapping or semi-reflection films on the side of the projection lens group 7
  • the equivalent image planes 8 parallel to each other are transformed by the optical path of the projection lens group 7 to form an image plane 9 in space, and a plurality of image planes 9 form a 3D image screen with depth information.
  • the imaging module 6 can be directly formed layer by layer using multiple transparent display devices.
  • multiple transparent OLED (or LCD or Micro LED) display screens can be used to form parallel to each other, so that each layer of transparent display can be formed in space. Forming respective imaging surfaces, which can penetrate each other at the same time, forming 3D image slices with different depths of field in space to achieve a 3D display effect.
  • Each transparent display device can be equivalently regarded as an equivalent image surface 8;
  • the distance between the equivalent image plane 8 and the projection lens group 7 may deviate from the ideal imaging interval.
  • an optical path adjustment lens group 10 can be introduced. Convert the equivalent image plane 8 to the ideal imaging interval of the projection lens group 7, so an optical path adjustment lens group for converting and moving the spatial position of the equivalent image plane 8 is set between the imaging module 6 and the projection lens group 7 10.
  • the simplest form can use a lens group containing a convex lens, and use its optical imaging law to switch the image plane on one side of the convex lens to the other side. In practical applications, the imaging quality of a single convex lens is relatively poor. At this time, a series of optical elements used to correct aberrations, such as concave lenses, can be added.
  • the specific implementation method can learn from the more mature solutions in the industry (such as the reference camera multi-chip Lens design), I won’t go into details here.
  • the holographic projector of the present invention also has a focusing function, which can be achieved by adjusting the relative position between the imaging module 6 and the projection lens group 7, or between the projection unit 61 and the image surface integration lens group 62, or by adjusting the imaging module.
  • the relative positions of the group 6, the projection lens group 7 and the image surface integration mirror group 62 can be realized between the imaging module 6 and the projection lens group 7 and/or the projection unit 61 and the image surface integration mirror group 62 Part of the adjustment mechanism is added to realize the above-mentioned adjustment function.
  • the adjustment mechanism can be various, which is not limited here, and the specific can be determined according to the actual situation.
  • the position of the reference focal plane can be adjusted by zooming.
  • the reference focal plane (such as the nearest projection plane) can be set between 50cm and 1m away from the user for desktop office scenes, and the reference focal plane can be set for living room video and audio. Between 10m and 20m, etc.
  • the imaging module 6 can also be combined as follows: it includes several half mirrors 11 arranged along a straight line, each half mirror 11 is correspondingly provided with a projection unit 61 arranged at an acute angle ⁇ , and each group of projections The distance between the unit 61 and the half mirror 11 is different. The angle between the half mirror 11 and the projection unit 61 is ⁇ .
  • the projection unit 61 can be located above the half mirror 11 , Can also be located below the half mirror 11, and the range of ⁇ is 30°-60°, preferably 45°.
  • the number of projection units 61 is two, and the image plane integrated mirror group 62 is a hexahedral X-combination prism, which is formed by splicing 4 prism lenses with isosceles right-angled triangle cross-sections and the cross-section is square.
  • the image plane integrated mirror group 62 is a hexahedral X-combination prism, which is formed by splicing 4 prism lenses with isosceles right-angled triangle cross-sections and the cross-section is square.
  • a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective film is provided at the split joint, and the two projection units 61 are respectively located on the two opposite outer surfaces of the X-combining prism and perpendicular to the cross-section thereof, and the two projection units 61 are corresponding to the distance from the X-combining prism
  • the side distances of the X-combining prisms are different.
  • One of the other two outer surfaces perpendicular to the cross-section of the X-combining prism is the exit surface, and the exit surface faces the projection lens group 7 directly.
  • the actual effect is as if there are two parallel equivalent image planes 8 arranged behind the exit surface. After the two parallel equivalent image planes 8 are directly transformed by the light path of the projection lens group 7, they are formed in the space with two equivalent image planes. There are two image planes 9 corresponding to the equivalent image plane 8, and the two image planes 9 constitute a 3D image frame with depth information.
  • the equivalent image planes 8 formed by the different surface distances do not overlap.
  • the structure is similar to the color-combining prism of a traditional projector, but there are obvious differences.
  • the joints of the color-combining mirrors are painted
  • the film is a selective reflection film, such as only reflecting red or green light, while the present invention uses a semi-transparent and semi-reflective film, which has no light selectivity.
  • the three-color images of the color combination mirror need to overlap to form a color image. Invented that each image plane does not overlap each other, forming multiple images with depth information.
  • the number of projection units 61 is 3, and the image plane integrated mirror group 62 is a hexahedral X-combined prism composed of 4 prism mirrors with isosceles right-angled triangles in cross section and a square cross-section.
  • the X-combined prisms are internally split.
  • a transflective film is provided at the slit, and the three projection units 61 are respectively located on the three outer surfaces of the X-combining prism perpendicular to the cross-section thereof, and the three projection units 61 are separated from the corresponding side surfaces of the X-combining prism.
  • the fourth outer surface of the X-combining prism perpendicular to its cross-section is the exit surface, and the exit surface faces the projection lens group 7 directly.
  • the actual effect is as if there are 3 parallel equivalent image planes 8 arranged behind the exit surface. After the 3 parallel equivalent image planes 8 are directly transformed by the light path of the projection lens group 7, they are formed in the space with 3 equivalent image planes.
  • the three image planes 9 corresponding to the effect image plane 8 have different surface spacings between the projection unit 61 and the X-combining prism, so the formed image planes 9 do not overlap, which is equivalent to the three equivalent image planes 8 also do not overlap.
  • the 3 image planes 9 constitute a 3D image screen with depth information.
  • the number of projection units 61 is 5, and the image plane integrated mirror group 62 is a cube prism composed of a number of sub-prisms, and the sub-prisms are made from any surface of a cube, taking two adjacent vertices and the center of the face and the geometric center of the cube.
  • a tetrahedral prism composed of four points, a transflective film is provided at the internal joint seam of the cube prism, and the five projection units 61 are directly opposite to the five faces of the cube prism, and the distance from each surface is different.
  • the sixth surface of the cube prism is the exit surface, and the exit surface faces the projection lens group 7 directly.
  • the actual effect is as if there are 5 parallel equivalent image planes 8 arranged behind the exit surface. After the 5 parallel equivalent image planes 8 are directly transformed by the light path of the projection lens group 7, they are formed in the space respectively with 5 There are five image planes 9 corresponding to two equivalent image planes 8. Because the surface spacing of the projection unit 61 and the X-combining prism are different, the formed image planes 9 do not overlap, which is equivalent to the five equivalent image planes 8. Without overlapping, the 5 image planes 9 constitute a 3D image screen with depth information.
  • the form of the image integrated mirror group 62 should match the number of the projection units 61.
  • the image integrated mirror group 62 can be composed of several The multi-faceted cube structure formed by splicing the sub-prisms, the number of outer surfaces of the multi-faceted cube structure is greater than 7.
  • the inside of the cube prisms used in the above embodiments 6 to 8 and the joints of each sub-prism are provided with a transflective film.
  • the projection effect of the present invention can also be achieved without the semi-transparent and semi-reflective film.
  • the imaging module 6 is formed by arranging multiple transparent OLED display screens layer by layer. Each OLED display screen can penetrate each other without blocking each other. After the image displayed by a single OLED display screen is transformed by the projection lens group 7, it can be The space forms respective image planes 9, which are equivalent to 3D image slices with different depths of field. Each OLED display screen corresponds to an image plane 9 with different depths of field. Multiple image planes 9 form a complete 3D image screen.
  • the OLED display screen can be replaced by other transparent display devices, such as LCD display screens.
  • the layer-by-layer OLED display screen of Embodiment 9 is equivalent to a plurality of equivalent image planes 8 that do not overlap or are parallel to each other.
  • the imaging module 6 includes five half mirrors 11 arranged along a straight line. Each half mirror 11 is correspondingly provided with a projection unit 61 arranged at an angle of 45°, and each group of projection units 61 and The distances between the half mirrors 11 are different from each other.
  • the projection unit 61 forms a plurality of parallel image planes 9 in the space after being converted by the corresponding half mirror 11, and the plurality of image planes 9 constitute a 3D image screen with depth information.
  • the actual effect is equivalent to that of a half mirror.
  • the transmittance and reflectance of the half mirror 11 do not need to be strictly equal to 50%, and the values of transmittance and reflectance can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs, such as determining the specific values of the two according to the picture clarity.
  • the projection light of the multiple projection units 61 is optically transformed by the image plane integrated mirror group 62 and the projection lens group 7, forming a plurality of mutually parallel image planes 9 corresponding to the projection unit 61 in the space, and a plurality of mutually parallel image planes 9 constitutes a 3D projection screen with depth information, and the formed 3D projection screen with depth information is equivalent to the projection lens group 7 directly optically transforming a set of parallel equivalent image planes 8.
  • the all-solid-state holographic projector provided by the present invention realizes the function of real 3D image projection by introducing multiple equivalent image planes 8. Since the equivalent image planes are distributed in different depths in space, the projected images are also accompanied by depth information, and the holographic screen can provide users with real 3D display content. In the working process of the present invention, no moving parts are needed, which greatly improves the reliability and image quality, and reduces the production cost and control difficulty at the same time.
  • the all-solid-state holographic projector provided by the present invention is used to provide 3D projection images, by replacing part of the projection unit 61 with a photosensitive imaging unit, a dual-function system of projection and camera can also be realized, so that it can also be used for projection. It has a shooting function to further expand the functions of the system, such as reading the user's interactive action information while displaying.
  • the present invention is preferably applied to an on-site holographic display system (refer to the patent application number 2019108759751).
  • the on-site holographic display system with the holographic display screen, the divergent 3D images projected by the holographic projector can be reassembled into a convergent 3D image that can be directly observed by the human eye.
  • This method can not only achieve real 3D display, but also Fully realize the naked eye display effect without wearing special auxiliary equipment.
  • it can make a certain distance between the holographic projector and the human eye (the distance can be set greater than 5cm, for example, it can be set at a comfortable distance of 10cm ⁇ 30cm, or larger Distance), so that users can watch 3D images very comfortably.

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Abstract

一种全固态全息拍摄器及全固态全息投影器，全固态全息拍摄器包括设置于全息拍摄器内部的拍摄镜组（1）和成像单元（2），拍摄镜组（1）用于捕捉景物的光线，成像单元（2）包括多个感光芯片（21），不同景深上景物像面的光线经过拍摄镜组（1）和成像单元（2）光学转化后，分别在相应距离的感光芯片（21）上形成景物不同景深像面的实像画面并记录下来，感光芯片（21）上形成实像画面的相邻像素间距为d(mm)，多个感光芯片（21）等效于与拍摄镜组（1）对应的一组相互平行的等效感光面（3），任意相邻两个等效感光面（3）之间的距离为L(mm)，满足：L≥2d。通过引入多个等效感光面（3）的方案实现了真实的3D图像拍摄的功能，无需运动部件，大大提高可靠性和画质，同时降低生产成本和控制难度。

Description

一种全固态全息拍摄器及全固态全息投影器
本申请要求于2020年01月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010029139.4、发明名称为“一种全固态全息拍摄器”的中国专利申请，以及要求于2020年01月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010029144.5、发明名称为“一种全固态全息投影器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及3D显示领域，尤其是涉及一种全固态全息拍摄器及全固态全息投影器。
背景技术
为了显示3D画面，我们必须先获得3D片源，但是目前的摄像机只能拍摄2D画面。虽然近年来有些影片采用双摄像头方案实现3D片源获取，但是这种方案只能实现一种基于立体图像对的伪3D技术。
全息色摄影技术可以记录真实的3D画面信息，但是其拍摄条件极其苛刻，光路布局非常困难，只能在实验室内进行简单的拍摄工作，无法应用在实际生活中。
授权号为CN 203965794 U的专利提供了一个3D拍摄方案，但是需要高速运动部件，系统可靠性低，同时对于数据处理速度要求极高。
进一步的，3D显示技术可以在传统的二维显示基础上提供额外的深度信息，因此被认为是下一代显示技术的发展方向。但是目前还没有比较有效的实现3D显示的方案，商用比较成功的案例大多是基于立体图像对的伪3D技术，不能够为用户提供真正有深度信息的3D画面。比如电影院的3D电影，其原理是使用投影仪在屏幕上投射两个二维的左右眼图像对，通过佩戴选择性滤光眼睛，使两只眼睛接收到不同的画面，从而给人造成一种看到3D画面的假象，但其实投射出去的画面只是2D画面。长时间观看还会引起眼睛不适。
授权号为CN106773469B、CN 207114903 U和CN 206431409 U的专利公开了一种可以实现真实3D显示的方案。其关键部件为一个立体显示模块，立体显示模块通过景深扫描可以实现真实的3D画面重现。但是内部设置有运动部件，工作过程需要依靠内部运动实现景深扫描。这种方式，虽然可以实现3D画面的投射，但是由于存在扫描运动部件，系统的可靠性无法保证，对于画面的刷新速度要求极高，这样就造成运算和控制系统及其复杂，难以实现稳定的画面显示，制造成本极高。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题就在于：针对上述现有技术的不足，提供一种全固态全息拍摄器，工作过程中无需运动部件，大大提高了可靠性和画质，同时降低生产成本和控制难度；提供一种全固态全息投影器，通过引入多个等效投射像面的方案实现了真实的3D图像投影的功能，同时发明工作过程中无需运动部件，大大提高可靠性和画质，同时降低生产成本和控制难度。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出一种全固态全息拍摄器，包括设置于全息拍摄器内部的拍摄镜组和成像单元；
所述拍摄镜组用于捕捉景物的光线；
所述成像单元包括多个感光芯片，不同景深上景物像面的光线经过拍摄镜组和成像单元光学转化后，分别在相应距离的感光芯片上形成景物不同景深像面的实像画面并记录下来；
其中所述感光芯片上形成实像画面的相邻像素间距为d(mm)，所述多个感光芯片等效于与拍摄镜组对应的一组相互平行的等效感光面，任意相邻两个等效感光面之间的距离为L(mm)，满足：L≥2d。
进一步地，所述成像单元还包括光路整合镜组，所述光路整合镜组与多个感光芯片的位置关系满足光学成像原理，用于将不同景深的景物像面光学转化为实像画面；
不同景深上景物像面的光线经过拍摄镜组和光路整合镜组的光学转化后，不同景深的景物像面分别在相应焦深的感光芯片上成像，等效于在与感光芯片对应的等效感光面上成像。
进一步地，所述光路整合镜组为多个子棱镜拼接形成的立方体棱镜，单个所述感光芯片分别与光路整合镜组的一个侧面相对应；
不同景深的景物像面光线经过光路整合镜组的多个子棱镜的反射，分别在相应焦深的感光芯片上成像。
进一步地，所述感光芯片数量为3个，所述光路整合镜组为一个X合路棱镜，所述X合路棱镜由4个横截面为等腰直角三角形的子棱镜拼接而成且横截面为正方形，所述3个感光芯片分别位于X合路棱镜的3个与其横截面垂直的外表面一侧，且所述3个感光芯片距离X合路棱镜相应的侧面间距各不相同，所述X合路棱镜的第4个与其横截面垂直的外表面为影像入射面，且影像入射面正对拍摄镜组。
进一步地，所述感光芯片数量为5个，所述光路整合镜组为由若干子棱镜拼合成的立方体棱镜，且所述子棱镜是由立方体任意一个面上，取两个相邻顶点和面心以及立方体的几何中心，四个点构成的四面体棱镜，5个感光芯片分别正对立方体的棱柱镜的5个外表面，且距离表面的距离各不相同，所述立方体棱柱镜的第6个面为影像入射面，影像入射面正对拍摄镜组。
进一步地，拼接成立方体棱镜的每个子棱镜的拼合缝均设有半透半反膜。
进一步地，还包括设置于拍摄镜组和光路整合镜组之间的光路调整镜组，所述光路调整镜组用于调整不同景深的景物像面的成像位置。
进一步地，所述光路调整镜组为包含凸透镜的镜组。
进一步地，所述拍摄镜组与光路整合镜组之间和/或光路整合镜组与感光芯片之间的相对位置可调。
进一步地，所述成像单元为多个透明感光芯片逐层排列形成。
进一步地，所述成像单元包括由沿一条直线设置的多个半透半反镜，每个半透半反镜对应设有一个与其成锐角θ布置的感光芯片，且单个感光芯片距对应的半透半反镜的距离各不相同。
进一步地，所述成像单元的多个感光芯片可以用投射单元进行部分取代，形成既可以拍摄又可以投影的双功能全固态全息拍摄器。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出一种全固态全息投影器，包括设置于全息投影器内部的成像模组和投影镜组；
所述成像模组用于提供多个不重合或者相互平行的等效像面，任意相邻两个等效像面之间的距离为L(mm)，单个等效像面上相邻的像素间距为d(mm)，满足：L≥2d；
所述投影镜组用于把成像模组所提供的多个等效像面投影出去，并在空间形成具有深度信息的3D影像画面。
进一步地，所述成像模组包括多个投射单元、像面整合镜组以及与多个投射单元电连接的控制芯片；
所述投射单元用于向像面整合镜组投射画面；
所述像面整合镜组用于将投射单元的投射光经过光学转换后输出给投影镜组；
所述控制芯片用于控制投射单元的投射画面内容；
所述投射单元的投射光经过像面整合镜组光学转换，实际效果等效于在投影镜组一侧形成有多个不重合或者相互平行的等效像面，所述等效像面经过投影镜组的光路转化在空间形成有影像面，多个所述影像面构成具有深度信息的3D影像画面。
进一步地，所述像面整合镜组为多个子棱镜拼接形成的立方体棱镜，单个所述投射单元分别与像面整合镜组的一个侧面相对应，且每个投射单元与像面整合镜组相对应的侧面之间距离均不相同。
进一步地，所述投射单元数量为3个，所述像面整合镜组为一个X型合路棱镜，所述X合路棱镜由4个横截面为等腰直角三角形的子棱镜拼接而成且横截面为正方形，所述3个投射单元分别位于X合路立方体棱镜的三个与其横截面垂直的外表面一侧，且所述3个投射单元距离X合路立方体棱镜相应的侧面间距各不相同，所述X合路立方体棱镜的第四个与其横截面垂直的外表面为出射面，出射面正对投影镜组。
进一步地，所述投射单元数量为5个，所述像面整合镜组为由若干子棱镜拼合成的立方体棱镜，且所述子棱镜是由立方体任意一个面上，取两个相邻顶点和面心以及立方体的几何中心，四个点构成的四面体棱镜，5个投射单元分别正对立方体的棱柱镜的5个外表面，且距离表面的距离各不相同，所述立方体棱柱镜的第六个面为出射面，出射面正对投影镜组。
进一步地，拼接成立方体棱镜的每个子棱镜的拼合缝均设有半透半反膜。
进一步地，还包括设置于成像模组和投影镜组之间的光路调整镜组，用于转换和移动等效像面的空间位置。
进一步地，所述光路调整镜组为含有凸透镜的镜组。
进一步地，所述成像模组和投影镜组之间和/或投射单元与像面整合镜组之间的相对位置可调。
进一步地，所述成像模组为多个透明显示屏幕逐层排列形成。
进一步地，所述成像模组包括若干沿一条直线设置的半透半反镜，所述每个半透半反镜对应设有一个与其成锐角θ布置的投射单元，且每组投射单元和半透半反镜之间的距离各不相同。
进一步地，所述的成像模组内的多个投射单元可以用感光单元进行部分取代，形成既可以投影又可以拍摄的双功能全固态全息投影器。
相较于现有技术，本发明的优点在于：
本发明中全固态全息拍摄器的工作过程中无需运动部件，大大提高可靠性和画质，同时降低生产成本和控制难度；
本发明中全固态全息拍摄器通过成像单元通过光学转化，将不同景深的景物像面分别在不同的感光单元上形成实像画面并记录下来，实现了记录真实的3D画面信息，与传统2D拍摄设备相比，本发明无需对焦过程，大大提高响应速度；
本发明中全固态全息拍摄器虽然是用于3D拍摄，但是可以向下兼容2D拍摄功能；
本发明中全固态全息拍摄器还可以实现同时进行拍摄和投影显示，方便用于有拍摄和投影的双功能需求的应用场合，大大降低了系统复杂度，降低成本。
本发明中全固态全息投影器通过引入多个等效像面的方案实现了真实的3D图像投影的功能。由于等效像面本身分布在空间不同深度，因此投射出去的画面也附带了深度信息，配合全息屏幕就可以为用户提供真实的3D显示内容；
本发明中全固态全息投影器的工作过程中无需运动部件，大大提高了可靠性和画质，同时降低生产成本和控制难度，而且，本发明还可以通过调节实现 显示景深范围的整体移动；
本发明中全固态全息投影器应用时，眼睛需要与观看真实事物一样进行焦深的动态调整，而不是普通2D显示画面的固定焦深，所以不会造成视觉疲劳，有助于保护视力。
本发明中全固态全息投影器可以同时实现投影和拍摄功能，方便实际应用时的同时输出图片信息和实时接收外界图像信息，如用显示的同时可以识别户交互动作、表情信息。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的全固态全息拍摄器的内部结构示意图；
图2为带有光路调整镜组4的本发明的结构示意图；
图3为光路调整镜组4转换等效感光面3的空间位置示意图；
图4为感光芯片21数量为2个的实施例1中成像单元2的组合示意图；
图5为感光芯片21数量为3个的实施例1中成像单元2的组合示意图；
图6为实施例1和实施例2中六面体X合路棱镜结构示意图；
图7为感光芯片21数量为5个的实施例1中成像单元2的组合示意图；
图8为实施例3组成光路整合镜组22的子棱镜结构图；
图9为实施例4中所述的成像单元2组合示意图；
图10为实施例5中所述的成像单元2一种组合的示意图；
图11为实施例5中所述的成像单元2另一种组合的示意图；
图12为本发明实施例提供的全固态全息投影器的内部结构示意图；
图13为带有光路调整镜组10的本发明实施例的结构示意图；
图14为光路调整镜组10转换等效像面8的空间位置示意图；
图15为投射单元61数量为2个的实施例6中成像模组6的组合示意图；
图16为投射单元61数量为3个的实施例7中成像模组6的组合示意图；
图17为实施例6和实施例7中六面体X合路棱镜结构示意图；
图18为投射单元61数量为5个的实施例8中成像模组6的组合示意图；
图19为实施例8组成像面整合镜组62的子棱镜结构图；
图20为实施例9中所述的成像模组6组合示意图；
图21为实施例10中所述的成像模组6一种组合示意图；
图22为实施例10中所述的成像模组6另一种组合示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
参照图1至图11，本发明提供一种全固态全息拍摄器，包括设置于全息拍摄器内部的拍摄镜组1和成像单元2；
其中拍摄镜组1用于捕捉景物的光线；
成像单元2包括多个感光芯片21，不同景深上景物像面的光线经过拍摄镜组1和成像单元2光学转化后，分别在相应距离的感光芯片21上形成景物不同景深像面的实像画面并记录下来；
其中感光芯片21上形成实像画面的相邻像素间距为d(mm)，也就是感光芯片21上相邻像素间距为d(mm)，多个感光芯片21等效于与拍摄镜组1对应的一组相互平行的等效感光面3，等效感光面3可以是真实的物理感光面，也可以是经过光路转化后形成的物理感光面的虚像面，还可以是实像面等，任意相邻两个等效感光面3之间的距离为L(mm)，满足：L≥2d。
相邻的等效感光面3之间的间距L决定了全息拍摄器的的拍摄画面在深度方向的分辨率，而任意一个等效感光面3上的像素间距d决定了画面的横向分辨率即平面分辨能力。
通常人眼的深度分辨率远低于横向分辨率，所以即使深度方向上像素间距较大也不会造成分辨失真，因此拍摄画面在深度方向上的像素间距可以设置大一些，从而可以在有效降低设备和工艺成本的条件下，拍摄出非常真实的3D画面。
为了尽可能减少深度方向上的像面数量，降低系统复杂度，可以尽可能拉大深度方向上的像素间距与横向像素间距的比值，即L与d的比值，具体效果如下：
10d≥L≥2d时，可以有效降低系统复杂度，同时保证了深度方向上画质的细腻；
20d≥L＞10d时，可以进一步降低系统复杂度，同时保证了深度方向上画质依然比较细腻；
30d≥L＞20d时，系统复杂度中等，同时深度方向上画质稍微粗糙一些，但依然可以有较好的深度信息展示效果；
40d≥L＞30d时，系统复杂度较低，但是深度方向上画质粗糙，但依然可以实现深度信息展示效果；
L＞40d时，可以极大简化系统复杂度，同时提供必要的深度信息；
当两者比值进一步变大时，可以有效的降低深度方向上的像面数量，同时依然保持3D画面在深度方向上具有可见的分辨率，比值越大，深度方向上的细节表达能力越差，实际应用时可以根据情况进行调整。
作为一种优选方案，成像单元2还包括光路整合镜组22，光路整合镜组22与多个感光芯片21的位置关系满足光学成像原理，用于将不同景深的景物像面光学转化为实像画面；
不同景深上景物像面的光线经过拍摄镜组1和光路整合镜组22的光学转化后，不同景深的景物像面分别在相应焦深的感光芯片21上成像，等效于在与感光芯片21对应的等效感光面3上成像。
优选的是，光路整合镜组22为多个子棱镜拼接形成的立方体棱镜，单个感光芯片21分别与光路整合镜组22的一个侧面相对应，不同景深的景物像面光线经过光路整合镜组22光学转化即通过多个子棱镜的反射，分别在相应焦深的感光芯片21上成像。
需要说明的时，只有焦深合适的感光芯片21上才能够形成清晰的画面，为了把景物的景深信息与感光芯片21所处的焦深对应起来，实现景深记录，每个感光芯片21距光路整合镜组22的距离应当各不相同。
为了优化光路整合镜组22的光路转换效果，在拼接成立方体棱镜的每个子棱镜的拼合缝均设有半透半反膜；
使用光路整合镜组22对景物的光线进行光路转化时，可能造成实像画面偏离理想成像区间。那么可以通过引入一个光路调整镜组4把等效感光面3转换至理想成像区间，最简单的方式可以使用一个含有凸透镜的镜组，利用其光学成像规律把位于凸透镜一侧的像面转换到另一侧。实际应用时，单个凸透镜的成像质量相对较差，此时可以增加一系列用于矫正像差的光学元件，如凹透镜等，具体实现方式可以借鉴业内较成熟的解决方案(如参考相机多片式镜头设计)，这里不做赘述。
本发明的全息拍摄器还具有调焦功能，如通过调整感光芯片21与光路整合镜组22之间相对位置或者是调整拍摄镜组1与成像单元2之间的相对位置来实现，因此可以在拍摄镜组1与光路整合镜组22之间和/或光路整合镜组22与感光芯片21之间分别增加部分调节机构来实现上述的调焦功能，调节机构可以是多样的，这里不加以限制，具体的可以根据实际情况来定。
成像单元2可以直接由多个透明感光芯片逐层排列形成，它们之间可以彼此穿透，这样每一层透明感光芯片都可以对应不同景深的景物像面，独自形成不同景深的3D实像画面，实现3D拍摄的效果，每个感光芯片均可以等效看作一个等效感光面3。透明感光芯片可以采用授权号为CN103926691B和CN103984089B的专利提供的光开关阵列方式。
成像单元2还可以采用如下组合：包括沿一条直线设置的多个半透半反镜5，每个半透半反镜5对应设有一个与其成锐角θ布置的感光芯片21，且单个感光芯片21距对应的半透半反镜5的距离各不相同，具体设置时，感光芯片21可以位于半透半反镜5的上方，也可以位于半透半反镜5的下方，θ范围为30°～60°，优选45°。
下面结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明：
实施例1
感光芯片21数量为2个，光路整合镜组22为一个六面体的X合路棱镜，由4个横截面为等腰直角三角形的棱柱镜拼接而成且横截面为正方形，X合路棱镜内部拼合缝处设有半透半反膜，2个感光芯片21分别位于X合路棱镜的两个相对的、与其横截面垂直的外表面一侧，且2个感光芯片21距离X合路棱镜相应的侧面间距各不相同，X合路棱镜其余两个与其横截面垂直的外表面的其中一个为影像入射面，且影像入射面正对拍摄镜组1。实际效果上等效于在影像入射面后面布置有2个平行不遮挡的等效感光面3一样：不同景深的景物像面光线直接经过拍摄镜组1后在2个平行不遮挡的等效感光面3上形成不同景深的景物像面的实像画面，该结构跟传统投影仪的合色棱镜相似，但是有明显区别，合色镜的拼缝处涂膜是选择性反射膜，如只反射红光或者绿光，而本发明采用的是半透半反膜，无光线选择性，合色镜三个颜色的画面需要重合形成一个彩色画面，而本发明可以将具有深度信息的景物，在每个感光芯片21上形成对应景深的景物像面的实像画面。
实施例2
感光芯片21数量为3个，光路整合镜组22为一个六面体的X合路棱镜由4个横截面为等腰直角三角形的棱柱镜拼接而成且横截面为正方形，X合路棱镜内部拼合缝处设有半透半反膜，3个感光芯片21分别位于X合路棱镜的3个与其横截面垂直的外表面一侧，且3个感光芯片21距离X合路棱镜相应的侧面间距各不相同，X合路棱镜的第4个与其横截面垂直的外表面为影像入射面，且影像入射面正对拍摄镜组1。实际效果上就像是影像入射面后面布置有3个平行不遮挡的等效感光面3一样，由于感光芯片21与X合路棱镜的表面间距不同，所以形成的等效感光面3均不重合。不同景深的景物像面光线直接经过拍摄镜组1后在三个平行不遮挡的等效感光面3上分别形成对应景深的景物像面的实像画面。
实施例3
感光芯片21数量为5个，光路整合镜组22为由若干子棱镜拼合成的正方体棱镜，且子棱镜是由正方体任意一个面上，取两个相邻顶点和面心以及立方体的几何中心，四个点构成的四面体棱镜，正方体棱镜内部拼合缝处均设有半透半反膜，5个感光芯片21分别正对正方体棱镜的5个面，且与各表面的距离各 不相同，正方体棱镜的第6个面为影像入射面，且影像入射面正对拍摄镜组1。实际效果上等效于在影像入射面后面布置有5个彼此平行的等效感光面3一样。
光路整合镜组22的形式应该与感光芯片21的数量相匹配，在采用更多数量(大于6)的感光芯片21进行拍摄时，光路整合镜组22可以是由若干子棱镜拼接成的多面的立方体结构，多面立方体结构的外表面数量大于7。
需要说明的是，上述实施例1～3中采用的立方体棱镜内部、各个子棱镜的拼接处均设有半透半反膜，这只是一种优选的实施方式，并不是对本发明的限制，在各个子棱镜的拼接处不设半透半反膜同样可以实现本发明的拍摄效果。
实施例4
成像单元2由5个透明感光芯片逐层排列形成，可以彼此穿透，这样每一层透明感光芯片都可以对应一个不同景深的景物像面，独自形成不同景深的3D实像画面，实现3D拍摄的效果，每个感光芯片均可以等效看作一个等效感光面3。
实施例5
成像单元2包括沿一条直线设置的5个半透半反镜5，每个半透半反镜5对应设有一个与其成45°布置的感光芯片21，且单个感光芯片21距对应的半透半反镜5的距离各不相同。
不同景深的景物像面光线经过半透半反镜5光学转换后，在相应的一个感光芯片21上形成对应景深的景物像面的实像画面，实际效果等效于景物光线直接在半透半反镜组与景物相反的一侧的多个平行不遮挡的等效感光面3上成像。
上述的半透半反镜5并不需要严格的透射率和反射率都等于50％，可以根据实际需要灵活调整透射率和反射率的数值，如根据画面清晰度来确定二者的具体数值。
通过上述描述可知，本发明提供的一种全固态全息拍摄器的成像原理如下：
不同景深的景物像面经过拍摄镜组1以及光路整合镜组22光路转化后，在对应焦深的感光芯片21上形成有景物的某个景深像面的实像画面，实现3D拍 摄的效果。
本发明中的全固态全息拍摄器虽然是用来拍摄3D画面的，但是通过把部分感光芯片21替换为投射单元，还可以实现投影摄像双功能系统，使其在拍摄的同时还具备投影的功能，进一步拓宽系统的功能。
进一步的，该全固态全息拍摄器在拍摄景物时，由于不同景深的物体会在相应的感光面上成像，那么在拍摄时可以实现实时对焦的功能，从而无需对焦时间。
进一步的，参照图12至图22，本发明提供一种全固态全息投影器，包括设置于全息投影器内部的成像模组6和投影镜组7；
其中成像模组6用于提供多个不重合或者相互平行的等效像面8，等效像面8可以是物理真实像面也可以是通过光学转化得到的虚像面或者实像面等，任意相邻两个等效像面8之间的距离为L(mm)，单个等效像面8上相邻的像素间距为d(mm)，满足：L≥2d；
相邻的等效像面8之间的间距L决定了全息投影器的的投影画面在深度方向的分辨率，而任意一个等效像面8上的像素间距d决定了画面的横向分辨率即平面分辨能力。
通常人眼的深度分辨率远低于横向分辨率，所以即使深度方向上像素间距较大也不会造成分辨失真，因此投影画面在深度方向上的像素间距可以设置大一些，从而可以在有效降低设备和工艺成本的条件下，投射出非常真实的3D画面。
为了尽可能减少深度方向上的像面数量，降低系统复杂度，可以尽可能拉大深度方向上的像素间距与横向像素间距的比值，即L与d的比值，具体效果如下：
10d≥L≥2d时，可以有效降低系统复杂度，同时保证了深度方向上画质的细腻；
20d≥L＞10d时，可以进一步降低系统复杂度，同时保证了深度方向上画质依然比较细腻；
30d≥L＞20d时，系统复杂度中等，同时深度方向上画质稍微粗糙一些， 但依然可以有较好的深度信息展示效果；
40d≥L＞30d时，系统复杂度较低，但是深度方向上画质粗糙，但依然可以实现深度信息展示效果；
L＞40d时，可以极大简化系统复杂度，同时提供必要的深度信息；
当两者比值进一步变大时，可以有效的降低深度方向上的像面数量，同时依然保持3D画面在深度方向上具有可见的分辨率，比值越大，深度方向上的细节表达能力越差，实际应用时可以根据情况进行调整。
投影镜组7用于把成像模组6所提供的多个等效像面8投影出去，并在空间形成具有深度信息的3D影像画面。
作为一种优选方案，成像模组6包括多个投射单元61、像面整合镜组62以及与多个投射单元61电连接的控制芯片63；
投射单元61用于向像面整合镜组62投射画面，本身相当于现有技术中的普通投影仪器的成像结构，包含光源、液晶芯片等；
像面整合镜组62用于将投射单元61的投射光经过光学转换给投影镜组7；
控制芯片63用于控制投射单元61的投射画面内容；
其中像面整合镜组62优选多个子棱镜拼接形成的立方体棱镜，单个投射单元61分别与像面整合镜组62的一个侧面相对应，且每个投射单元61与像面整合镜组62相对应的侧面之间距离均不相同；
为了优化像面整合镜组62的光路转换效果，在拼接成立方体棱镜的每个子棱镜的拼合缝均设有半透半反膜；
每个投射单元61的投射光经过像面整合镜组62的多个子棱镜拼合缝处的半透半反膜的反射，实际效果等效于在投影镜组7一侧形成有多个不重合或者相互平行的等效像面8，等效像面8经过投影镜组7的光路转化在空间形成有影像面9，多个影像面9构成具有深度信息的3D影像画面。
成像模组6可以直接使用多个透明显示器件逐层排列形成，如可以使用多个透明的OLED(或者LCD或者Micro LED)显示屏幕，彼此平行排列形成，这样每一层透明显示器都可以在空间形成各自的成像面，同时又可以彼此穿透，在空间形成不同景深的3D画面切片，实现3D显示效果，每个透明显示器件均可以等效看作一个等效像面8；
使用像面整合镜组62对投射单元61的投射光进行光路转化时，可能造成等效像面8与投影镜组7之间的距离偏离理想成像区间，那么可以通过引入一个光路调整镜组10把等效像面8转换到投影镜组7的理想成像区间，因此在成像模组6和投影镜组7之间设置一个用于转换和移动等效像面8的空间位置的光路调整镜组10，最简单的形式可以使用一个含有凸透镜的镜组，利用其光学成像规律把位于凸透镜一侧的像面转换到另一侧。实际应用时，单个凸透镜的成像质量相对较差，此时可以增加一系列用于矫正像差的光学元件，如凹透镜等，具体实现方式可以借鉴业内较成熟的解决方案(如参考相机多片式镜头设计)，这里不做赘述。
本发明的全息投影器还具有调焦功能，通过调整成像模组6和投影镜组7之间或者投射单元61与像面整合镜组62之间的相对位置来实现，也可以通过调整成像模组6、投影镜组7和像面整合镜组62三者之间的相对位置来实现，可以在成像模组6与投影镜组7之间和/或者投射单元61与像面整合镜组62之间分别增加部分调节机构来实现上述的调节功能，调节机构可以是多样的，这里不加以限制，具体的可以根据实际情况来定。
实际使用时可以通过变焦来调整基准焦平面的位置，如针对桌面办公场景可以把基准焦平面(如最近的投影平面)设置在距离用户50cm～1m之间，针对客厅影音可以把基准焦平面设置在10m～20m之间等。
成像模组6还可以采用如下组合：包括若干沿一条直线设置的半透半反镜11，每个半透半反镜11对应设有一个与其成锐角θ布置的投射单元61，且每组投射单元61和半透半反镜11之间的距离各不相同，半透半反镜11与投射单元61的夹角为θ，具体设置时，投射单元61可以位于半透半反镜11的上方，也可以位于半透半反镜11的下方，θ范围为30°～60°，优选45°。
下面结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明：
实施例6
投射单元61数量为2个，像面整合镜组62为一个六面体的X合路棱镜，由4个横截面为等腰直角三角形的棱柱镜拼接而成且横截面为正方形，X合路棱镜内部拼合缝处设有半透半反膜，2个投射单元61分别位于X合路棱镜的两个相对的、与其横截面垂直的外表面一侧，且2个投射单元61距离X合路棱镜相应 的侧面间距各不相同，X合路棱镜其余两个与其横截面垂直的外表面的其中一个为出射面，且出射面正对投影镜组7。实际效果上就像是在出射面后面布置有两个平行的等效像面8一样，两个平行的等效像面8直接经过投影镜组7的光路转化后，在空间形成分别与两个等效像面8对应的两个影像面9,两个影像面9即构成了具有深度信息的3D影像画面。
由于投射单元61与X合路棱镜的表面间距不同所形成的等效像面8均不重合，该结构跟传统投影仪的合色棱镜相似，但是有明显区别，合色镜的拼缝处涂膜是选择性反射膜，如只反射红光或者绿光，而本发明采用的是半透半反膜，无光线选择性，合色镜三个颜色的画面需要重合形成一个彩色画面，而本发明每个像面彼此不重合，形成具有深度信息的多幅画面。
实施例7
投射单元61数量为3个，像面整合镜组62为一个六面体的X合路棱镜由4个横截面为等腰直角三角形的棱柱镜拼接而成且横截面为正方形，X合路棱镜内部拼合缝处设有半透半反膜，3个投射单元61分别位于X合路棱镜的三个与其横截面垂直的外表面一侧，且3个投射单元61距离X合路棱镜相应的侧面间距各不相同，X合路棱镜的第四个与其横截面垂直的外表面为出射面，且出射面正对投影镜组7。实际效果上就像是出射面后面布置有3个平行的等效像面8一样，3个平行的等效像面8直接经过投影镜组7的光路转化后，在空间形成分别与3个等效像面8对应的3个影像面9,由于投射单元61与X合路棱镜的表面间距不同，所以形成的影像面9均不重合，等效于3个等效像面8也均不重合，3个影像面9即构成了具有深度信息的3D影像画面。
实施例8
投射单元61数量为5个，像面整合镜组62为由若干子棱镜拼合成的正方体棱镜，且子棱镜是由正方体任意一个面上，取两个相邻顶点和面心以及立方体的几何中心，四个点构成的四面体棱镜，正方体棱镜内部拼合缝处均设有半透半反膜，5个投射单元61分别正对正方体棱镜的5个面，且与各表面的距离各不相同，正方体棱镜的第六个面为出射面，且出射面正对投影镜组7。实际效果上就像是在出射面后面布置有5个彼此平行的等效像面8一样，5个平行的等效像面8直接经过投影镜组7的光路转化后，在空间形成分别与5个等效像面8 对应的5个影像面9,由于投射单元61与X合路棱镜的表面间距不同，所以形成的影像面9均不重合，等效于5个等效像面8也均不重合，5个影像面9即构成了具有深度信息的3D影像画面。
需要说明的，像面整合镜组62的形式应该与投射单元61的数量相匹配，在采用更多数量(大于6)的投射单元61进行投射成像时，像面整合镜组62可以是由若干子棱镜拼接成的多面立方体结构，多面立方体结构的外表面数量大于7。
上述实施例6～8中采用的立方体棱镜内部、各个子棱镜的拼接处均设有半透半反膜，这只是一种优选的实施方式，并不是对本发明的限制，在各个子棱镜的拼接处不设半透半反膜同样可以实现本发明的投影效果。
实施例9
成像模组6由多个透明的OLED显示屏幕逐层排列形成，每个OLED显示屏幕之间互不遮挡可以彼此穿透，单个OLED显示屏幕所显示的画面经过投影镜组7转化后，可以在空间形成各自的影像面9，影像面9相当于不同景深的3D画面切片，每个OLED显示屏幕对应形成有一个不同景深的影像面9，多个影像面9即构成了完整的3D影像画面。
其中OLED显示屏幕可以由其他的透明显示器件替代，比如LCD显示屏幕等。
该实施例9的逐层排列的OLED显示屏幕相当于多个不重合或者相互平行的等效像面8。
实施例10
成像模组6包括5个沿一条直线设置的半透半反镜11，每个半透半反镜11对应设有一个与其成夹角45°布置的投射单元61，且每组投射单元61和半透半反镜11之间的距离各不相同。
投射单元61经过对应的半透半反镜11转换后在空间内形成有多个相互平行的影像面9，多个影像面9即构成具有深度信息的3D影像画面，实际效果等效于在半透半反镜组一侧设有多个平行的等效像面8，多个平行等效像面8直接经过投影镜组7的光路转化后在空间形成如上述的具有深度信息的3D影像画面。
半透半反镜11的透射率和反射率并不需要都严格的等于50％，可以根据实际需要灵活调整透射率和反射率的数值，如根据画面清晰度来确定二者的具体数值。
通过上述描述可知，本发明提供的一种全固态全息投影器的成像原理如下：
多个投射单元61的投射光经过像面整合镜组62和投影镜组7的光学转化，在空间内形成与投射单元61对应的多个相互平行的影像面9，多个相互平行的影像面9构成具有深度信息的3D投影画面，所形成的具有深度信息的3D投影画面等效于投影镜组7将一组平行的等效像面8直接光学转化形成。
本发明提供的一种全固态全息投影器通过引入多个等效像面8实现了真实的3D图像投影的功能。由于等效像面本身分布在空间不同深度，因此投射出去的画面也附带了深度信息，配合全息屏幕就可以为用户提供真实的3D显示内容。本发明的工作过程中无需运动部件，大大提高其可靠性和画质，同时降低生产成本和控制难度。
本发明提供的一种全固态全息投影器虽然是用来提供3D投影画面的，但是通过把部分投射单元61替换为感光成像单元，还可以实现投影摄像双功能系统，使其在投影的同时还具备拍摄功能，进一步拓宽系统的功能，如在显示的同时可以读取用户的交互动作信息。
还可以通过组合级联本发明提供的几种光路整合方式形成多级多像面成像模组，如把实施例子中5个像面的方式再次通过一个像面整合镜组，形成5*5＝25个像面的实施例。
本发明优选应用在现场全息显示系统中(可以参考申请号为2019108759751的专利)。在现场全息显示系统中，配合全息显示屏幕，可以把全息投影器投射的发散的3D画面重新汇聚成可以被人眼直接观察的汇聚3D画面，这种方式不仅可以实现真实的3D显示，而且可以完全实现裸眼显示效果，不需要穿戴特殊辅助设备，同时可以使全息投影器与人眼之间拉开一定距离(距离可以设置大于5cm，比如可以设置在10cm～30cm的舒适间距，或者更大的距离)，使用户可以非常舒适的观看3D画面。
以上对本发明所提供的一种全固态全息拍摄器及全固态全息投影器进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
需要说明的是，本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
还需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素，或者是还包括为这些过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种全固态全息拍摄器，其特征在于：包括设置于全息拍摄器内部的拍摄镜组(1)和成像单元(2)；
    所述拍摄镜组(1)用于捕捉景物的光线；
    所述成像单元(2)包括多个感光芯片(21)，不同景深上景物像面的光线经过拍摄镜组(1)和成像单元(2)光学转化后，分别在相应距离的感光芯片(21)上形成景物不同景深像面的实像画面并记录下来；
    其中所述感光芯片(21)上形成实像画面的相邻像素间距为d(mm)，所述多个感光芯片(21)等效于与拍摄镜组(1)对应的一组相互平行的等效感光面(3)，任意相邻两个等效感光面(3)之间的距离为L(mm)，满足：L≥2d。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种全固态全息拍摄器，其特征在于：所述成像单元(2)还包括光路整合镜组(22)，所述光路整合镜组(22)与多个感光芯片(21)的位置关系满足光学成像原理，用于将不同景深的景物像面光学转化为实像画面；
    不同景深上景物像面的光线经过拍摄镜组(1)和光路整合镜组(22)的光学转化后，不同景深的景物像面分别在相应焦深的感光芯片(21)上成像，等效于在与感光芯片(21)对应的等效感光面(3)上成像。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种全固态全息拍摄器，其特征在于：所述光路整合镜组(22)为多个子棱镜拼接形成的立方体棱镜，单个所述感光芯片(21)分别与光路整合镜组(22)的一个侧面相对应；
    不同景深的景物像面光线经过光路整合镜组(22)的多个子棱镜的反射，分别在相应焦深的感光芯片(21)上成像。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种全固态全息拍摄器，其特征在于：所述感光芯片(21)数量为3个，所述光路整合镜组(22)为一个X合路棱镜，所述X合路棱镜由4个横截面为等腰直角三角形的子棱镜拼接而成且横截面为正方形，所述3个感光芯片(21)分别位于X合路棱镜的3个与其横截面垂直的外表面一侧，且所述3个感光芯片(21)距离X合路棱镜相应的侧面间距各不相同，所述X合路棱镜的第4个与其横截面垂直的外表面为影像入射 面，且影像入射面正对拍摄镜组(1)。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种全固态全息拍摄器，其特征在于：所述感光芯片(21)数量为5个，所述光路整合镜组(22)为由若干子棱镜拼合成的立方体棱镜，且所述子棱镜是由立方体任意一个面上，取两个相邻顶点和面心以及立方体的几何中心，四个点构成的四面体棱镜，5个感光芯片(21)分别正对立方体的棱柱镜的5个外表面，且距离表面的距离各不相同，所述立方体棱柱镜的第6个面为影像入射面，影像入射面正对拍摄镜组(1)。
  6. 根据权利要求3～5任意一项所述的一种全固态全息拍摄器，其特征在于：拼接成立方体棱镜的每个子棱镜的拼合缝均设有半透半反膜。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种全固态全息拍摄器，其特征在于：还包括设置于拍摄镜组(1)和光路整合镜组(22)之间的光路调整镜组(4)，所述光路调整镜组(4)用于调整不同景深的景物像面的成像位置。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种全固态全息拍摄器，其特征在于：所述光路调整镜组(4)为包含凸透镜的镜组。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的一种全固态全息拍摄器，其特征在于：所述拍摄镜组(1)与光路整合镜组(22)之间和/或光路整合镜组(22)与感光芯片(21)之间的相对位置可调。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种全固态全息拍摄器，其特征在于：所述成像单元(2)为多个透明感光芯片逐层排列形成。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的一种全固态全息拍摄器，其特征在于：所述成像单元(2)包括由沿一条直线设置的多个半透半反镜(5)，每个半透半反镜(5)对应设有一个与其成锐角θ布置的感光芯片(21)，且单个感光芯片(21)距对应的半透半反镜(5)的距离各不相同。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的一种全固态全息拍摄器，其特征在于：所述成像单元(2)的多个感光芯片(21)可以用投射单元进行部分取代，形成既可以拍摄又可以投影的双功能全固态全息拍摄器。
  13. 一种全固态全息投影器，其特征在于：包括设置于全息投影器内部的成像模组(6)和投影镜组(7)；
    所述成像模组(6)用于提供多个不重合或者相互平行的等效像面(8)， 任意相邻两个等效像面(8)之间的距离为L(mm)，单个等效像面(8)上相邻的像素间距为d(mm)，满足：L≥2d；
    所述投影镜组(7)用于把成像模组(6)所提供的多个等效像面(8)投影出去，并在空间形成具有深度信息的3D影像画面。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的一种全固态全息投影器，其特征在于：所述成像模组(6)包括多个投射单元(61)、像面整合镜组(62)以及与多个投射单元(61)电连接的控制芯片(63)；
    所述投射单元(61)用于向像面整合镜组(62)投射画面；
    所述像面整合镜组(62)用于将投射单元(61)的投射光经过光学转换后输出给投影镜组(7)；
    所述控制芯片(63)用于控制投射单元(61)的投射画面内容；
    所述投射单元(61)的投射光经过像面整合镜组(62)光学转换，实际效果等效于在投影镜组(7)一侧形成有多个不重合或者相互平行的等效像面(8)，所述等效像面(8)经过投影镜组(7)的光路转化在空间形成有影像面(9)，多个所述影像面(9)构成具有深度信息的3D影像画面。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的一种全固态全息投影器，其特征在于：所述像面整合镜组(62)为多个子棱镜拼接形成的立方体棱镜，单个所述投射单元(61)分别与像面整合镜组(62)的一个侧面相对应，且每个投射单元(61)与像面整合镜组(62)相对应的侧面之间距离均不相同。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的一种全固态全息投影器，其特征在于：所述投射单元(61)数量为3个，所述像面整合镜组(62)为一个X型合路棱镜，所述X合路棱镜由4个横截面为等腰直角三角形的子棱镜拼接而成且横截面为正方形，所述3个投射单元(61)分别位于X合路立方体棱镜的三个与其横截面垂直的外表面一侧，且所述3个投射单元(61)距离X合路立方体棱镜相应的侧面间距各不相同，所述X合路立方体棱镜的第四个与其横截面垂直的外表面为出射面，出射面正对投影镜组(7)。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的一种全固态全息投影器，其特征在于：所述投射单元(61)数量为5个，所述像面整合镜组(62)为由若干子棱镜拼合成的立方体棱镜，且所述子棱镜是由立方体任意一个面上，取两个相邻顶点和面 心以及立方体的几何中心，四个点构成的四面体棱镜，5个投射单元(61)分别正对立方体的棱柱镜的5个外表面，且距离表面的距离各不相同，所述立方体棱柱镜的第六个面为出射面，出射面正对投影镜组(7)。
  18. 根据权利要求15～17任意一项所述的一种全固态全息投影器，其特征在于：拼接成立方体棱镜的每个子棱镜的拼合缝均设有半透半反膜。
  19. 根据权利要求13或14所述的一种全固态全息投影器，其特征在于：还包括设置于成像模组(6)和投影镜组(7)之间的光路调整镜组(10)，用于转换和移动等效像面(8)的空间位置。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的一种全固态全息投影器，其特征在于：所述光路调整镜组(10)为包含凸透镜的镜组。
  21. 根据权利要求13所述的一种全固态全息投影器，其特征在于：所述成像模组(6)和投影镜组(7)之间和/或投射单元(61)与像面整合镜组(62)之间的相对位置可调。
  22. 根据权利要求13所述的一种全固态全息投影器，其特征在于：所述成像模组(6)为多个透明显示屏幕逐层排列形成。
  23. 根据权利要求13所述的一种全固态全息投影器，其特征在于：所述成像模组(6)包括若干沿一条直线设置的半透半反镜(11)，所述每个半透半反镜(11)对应设有一个与其成锐角θ布置的投射单元(61)，且每组投射单元(61)和半透半反镜(11)之间的距离各不相同。
  24. 根据权利要求14所述的一种全固态全息投影器，其特征在于：所述的成像模组(6)内的多个投射单元(61)可以用感光成像单元进行部分取代，形成既可以投影又可以拍摄的双功能全固态全息投影器。
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