WO2021135911A1 - 酶促生产高活性生物有机肥的方法 - Google Patents

酶促生产高活性生物有机肥的方法 Download PDF

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WO2021135911A1
WO2021135911A1 PCT/CN2020/136199 CN2020136199W WO2021135911A1 WO 2021135911 A1 WO2021135911 A1 WO 2021135911A1 CN 2020136199 W CN2020136199 W CN 2020136199W WO 2021135911 A1 WO2021135911 A1 WO 2021135911A1
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bran
fermentation
bacteria
added
organic fertilizer
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PCT/CN2020/136199
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French (fr)
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周亚仙
彭可村
陈丽珍
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广西神冠胶原生物集团有限公司
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Priority to SG11202107331VA priority Critical patent/SG11202107331VA/en
Priority to CN202080091270.1A priority patent/CN114901615A/zh
Publication of WO2021135911A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021135911A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
    • C05F1/005—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from meat-wastes or from other wastes of animal origin, e.g. skins, hair, hoofs, feathers, blood
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of biological fermentation, in particular to a method for enzymatically producing high-activity biological organic fertilizer.
  • Bio-organic fertilizer refers to a type of microbial fertilizer and organic compound composed of specific functional microorganisms and organic materials that are mainly sourced from animal and plant residues (such as animal and poultry manure, crop straw, etc.) and undergo harmless treatment and decomposing. Fertilizer effect. It is characterized by adding (secondary addition) functional microorganisms to high-quality organic fertilizer (after decomposing).
  • the main functions of bio-organic fertilizer include increasing crop yield, improving crop quality; improving soil fertility, improving soil micro-ecosystem; reducing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests.
  • the executive standard of bio-organic fertilizer is NY884-2012, and its core indicator is the effective number of viable bacteria ⁇ 20 million cfu/g.
  • the existing technical solutions mostly adopt the tank-type stacking fermentation method.
  • the fermentation substrate is limited.
  • the bacteria and technology used are mainly designed for livestock manure, crop straws and agricultural organic wastes, etc., and cannot effectively deal with collagen, keratin and other complex conformational polymer proteins.
  • the functional microorganisms act slowly.
  • the functional microorganisms that are added twice are mostly dormant bodies such as spores or spores. Because they are mainly heterotrophic bacteria, they are difficult to activate after being applied to the soil, resulting in their slow action.
  • the present invention provides a method for enzymatically producing high-activity bio-organic fertilizer.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the waste protein material refers to materials containing broken cowhide, cow hair, hoof hooves, waste meat residue, keratin and other high molecular proteins with complex conformations such as collagen and keratin. It can cut and crush waste protein.
  • a fermentation substrate is also added;
  • the fermentation substrate is one or more of the following: edible fungus bran, rice bran, rice bran, Peanut bran, soybean meal, sugarcane straw powder and mushroom residue, etc., preferably one or more of edible fungus bran, rice bran, peanut bran and soybean meal;
  • the mass ratio of the waste protein material to the fermentation substrate is 1: (1 to 3), preferably 1: (1.2 to 2.5), more preferably 1: (1.5 to 2), more preferably 1 :2.
  • the protease is alkaline protease.
  • the added amount of the protease is 0.08% to 0.15% of the mass of the waste protein, preferably 0.10% to 0.12%, more preferably 0.10%
  • dry casing powder can also be added, the added amount of the dry casing powder is 3% to 6% of the mass of the waste protein, preferably 5%.
  • the waste protein is boiled with alkali; preferably, the mass concentration of the alkali is 0.03% to 0.08%, preferably 0.05% ⁇ 0.08%, more preferably 0.05%; further preferably, the boiling time is 25-40 minutes, preferably 30-35 minutes, more preferably 30 minutes.
  • the waste protein material is subjected to a high-temperature drum for primary dissolution, and then alkali is added to boil it.
  • the carbon to nitrogen mass ratio of the fermentation material is 20-30:1, preferably 25-28:1, more preferably 25:1.
  • the water content can be controlled by the combination of materials or fermentation substrates to better adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio required by the fermentation of the bacteria.
  • the water content of the fermentation material is 58% to 68%. %, preferably 60% to 65%.
  • step (2) Bacillus subtilis is proliferated with NB culture solution, and lactic acid bacteria are proliferated with MRS culture solution, and then they are added to the combination of bran and soybean meal for expansion. Activation; Trichoderma is added to the combination of bran and soybean meal for activation.
  • Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria are respectively proliferated in culture solution, and then added to the composition of bran and soybean meal for expansion and activation. In this way, the liquid-solid two-phase fermentation method is used to activate the strains. , Can play a multiplier effect.
  • the water content of the composition of bran and soybean meal is 50% to 70%, and the mass ratio of bran to soybean meal is (8-10):1.
  • one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus jelly, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Fusarium flexneri, photosynthetic bacteria, etc. can be added Or more; preferably, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus jelly, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus freundii can be added after activation with NB culture solution, and photosynthetic bacteria can be sprayed directly; more preferably, the above strains are all Add after activation.
  • part of the activated beneficial microorganisms is added again to make the biological activity of the fertilizer quick and lasting.
  • the NB culture fluid and MRS culture fluid used in the present invention are culture fluids commonly used in the field, and both are commercially available.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a highly active bio-organic fertilizer produced by the above method.
  • the joint action of enzymes and microorganisms that is, the use of enzymatic biotechnology, effectively degrades polymer proteins with complex conformations such as collagen and keratin.
  • the protein waste material is pretreated by enzymatic hydrolysis, and the activated microbial strains are added at the same time, which shortens the fermentation time and improves the fermentation efficiency.
  • the vegetative body of the effective live bacteria and the dormant body are mixed. After being applied to the soil, the vegetative body can take effect immediately, and the dormant body can play a long-term effect in the subsequent.
  • the production environment is friendly. Adding lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, etc. in the fermentation process can effectively degrade ammonia nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide, which is environmentally friendly.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method for producing high-activity bio-organic fertilizer by the enzymatic biotechnology of the present invention.
  • waste protein material cut and crush 20 tons of waste protein material (crushed cowhide, cow hair, cow hoof) to 1cm ⁇ 2cm, put it in a plastic tank, add 0.05% NaOH lye to boil for 30 minutes, and then mix it with Mix 30 tons of edible mushroom bran and 10 tons of rice bran, and add 20 kg of alkaline protease.
  • Adjust the water content adjust the water content of the pretreated material to 60% with edible fungus bran to obtain the fermentation material.
  • the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the fermentation material is 25:1.
  • Activation of fermentation strains take 10 grams each of Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria strains, and proliferate them with 5000 ml of NB culture broth and MRS broth respectively, and then add them to 50 kg of bran with 60% water content: soybean meal ( 9:1) Medium expansion to obtain 100 kg of activated bacteria; add 1 kg of Trichoderma to 20 kg of bran: soybean meal (9:1) with a water content of 60% to activate; combine the activated bacteria , The effective number of viable bacteria ⁇ 40 million cfu/g.
  • Pile fermentation mix the fermented materials with the activated bacteria, mix them evenly, build a pile, the height of the flat pile is 1.2 meters, the width is 2.5 meters, and the temperature is not more than 70 °C, and the temperature starts to slow after 7 days. After the temperature is lowered to about 40°C, the bacteria are added twice, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus jelly, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Schizophyllum fredii are activated after NB culture solution is added, and photosynthetic bacteria are sprayed directly.
  • waste protein material cut and crush 25 tons of waste protein material (crushed cowhide, cow hair, cow hoof) to 2cm, put it in a plastic tank, add 0.06% NaOH lye to boil for 35 minutes, and then mix with 30 tons Mix edible fungus bran and 7.5 tons of bran, and add 30 kg of alkaline protease.
  • Adjust the water content adjust the water content of the pretreated material to 65% with the bran to obtain the fermentation material.
  • the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the fermentation material is 23:1.
  • Activation of fermentation strains Take 12 grams each of Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria strains, and proliferate them with 5000 ml of NB culture broth and MRS broth respectively, and then add them to 50 kg of bran with 65% moisture content: soybean meal ( 8:1) Medium expansion to obtain 100 kg of activated bacteria; take 1.2 kg of Trichoderma and add to 20 kg of bran:soybean meal (8:1) with a water content of 65% to activate; combine the activated bacteria , The effective number of viable bacteria ⁇ 42 million cfu/g.
  • Pile fermentation mix the fermented materials with the activated strains, mix them evenly, build a pile, flat pile height 1.5 meters, width 2.5 meters, timely turning and throwing, so that the temperature does not exceed 70 °C, the temperature starts to slow after 7 days After the temperature is lowered to about 40°C, the bacteria are added twice, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus jelly, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Schizophyllum fredii are activated after NB culture solution is added, and photosynthetic bacteria are sprayed directly.
  • waste protein material cut and crush 15 tons of waste protein material (crushed cowhide, cow hair, cow hoof) to 1 cm, put it in a plastic tank, add 0.03% NaOH lye to boil for 30 minutes, and then mix with 10 tons Mix the bran and 8 tons of mushroom residue, and add 12 kg of alkaline protease.
  • Adjust the water content adjust the water content of the pretreated material to 58% with edible fungus bran to obtain the fermentation material.
  • the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the fermentation material is 28:1.
  • Activation of fermentation strains Take 10 grams each of Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria strains, and proliferate them with 5000 ml of NB culture broth and MRS broth respectively, and then add them to 50 kg of bran with 50% water content: soybean meal ( 10:1) Medium expansion to obtain 100 kg of activated bacteria; take 1 kg of Trichoderma and add it to 20 kg of bran: soybean meal (10:1) with a water content of 50% to activate; combine the activated bacteria , The effective number of viable bacteria ⁇ 40 million cfu/g.
  • Pile fermentation mix the fermented materials with the activated bacteria, mix them evenly, build a pile, the height of the flat pile is 1.2 meters, the width is 2.5 meters, and the temperature is not more than 70 °C, and the temperature starts to slow after 7 days. After the temperature is lowered to about 40°C, the bacteria are added twice, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus jelly, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Schizophyllum fredii are activated after NB culture solution is added, and the photosynthetic bacteria are sprayed directly.
  • waste protein materials cut and crush 30 tons of waste protein materials (crushed cowhide, cow hair, cow hoof) to 2cm, put them in a plastic tank, add 0.08% NaOH lye to boil for 40 minutes, and then mix with 40 tons Mix edible mushroom bran and 20 tons of rice bran, and add 45 kg of alkaline protease.
  • Adjust the water content adjust the water content of the pretreated material to 68% with edible fungus bran to obtain the fermentation material.
  • the carbon to nitrogen ratio in the fermentation material is 20:1.
  • Activation of fermentation strains take 15 grams of Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria strains, respectively, use 5000 ml of NB culture broth and MRS culture broth to proliferate, and then add to 50 kg of bran with 60% water content: soybean meal ( 9:1) Medium expansion to obtain 100 kg of activated bacteria; take 1.5 kg of Trichoderma and add to 20 kg of bran:soybean meal (9:1) with a water content of 60% to activate; combine the activated bacteria , The effective number of viable bacteria ⁇ 45 million cfu/g.
  • Pile fermentation mix the fermented materials with the activated strains, mix them evenly, build a pile, flat pile height 1.5 meters, width 3 meters, timely turning and throwing, so that the temperature does not exceed 70 °C, the temperature starts to slow after 7 days After the temperature is lowered to about 40°C, the bacteria are added twice, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus jelly, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Schizophyllum fredii are activated after NB culture solution is added, and the photosynthetic bacteria are sprayed directly.
  • step (1) is operated as follows: 20 tons of waste protein matter (bovine hair, cow's hoof) Waste meat residue) is cut and crushed to 1cm ⁇ 2cm, placed in a high-temperature drum for primary dissolution, boiled with 0.05% NaOH lye for 30 minutes, then mixed with 30 tons of edible fungus bran and 10 tons of rice bran, and 20 kg of alkaline Protease and 1 ton of dry casing powder, adjust the pH not higher than 8.5.
  • the experiment was carried out on radishes with farm organic fertilizer, and the fertilizer amount was 500 kg/mu.
  • the output of radish is 5000 kg/mu.
  • Example 1 of this application was tested on radishes, and the amount of fertilizer applied was 350 kg/mu.
  • the output of radish is more than 5000 kg/mu, and the quality and weight are better than farm organic fertilizer.
  • the yield of cabbage is 2500 kg/mu.
  • Example 2 of this application was tested on cabbage, and the amount of fertilizer applied was 300 kg/mu.
  • the yield of cabbage is 3500 kg/mu, and the quality and weight are better than farm organic fertilizer.
  • Example 3 of this application was tested on leeks, and the amount of fertilizer applied was 400 kg/mu.
  • the output of leeks is 4500 kg/mu, and the quality and weight are better than farm organic fertilizer.
  • the experiment was conducted on water spinach with farm organic fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer applied was 500 kg/mu.
  • the yield of water spinach is 3500 kg/mu.
  • the organic fertilizer of Example 4 of the application was tested on water spinach, and the amount of fertilizer applied was 400 kg/mu.
  • the yield of water spinach is 4,500 kg/mu, and its quality and weight are better than farm organic fertilizer.
  • Example 5 of this application was tested on wax gourd, and the amount of fertilizer applied was 400 kg/mu.
  • the output of wax gourd is more than 5,000 kg/mu, and the quality and weight are better than farm organic fertilizer.

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Abstract

本发明公开了酶促生产高活性生物有机肥的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：(1)废弃蛋白物预处理；(2)发酵菌种活化；(3)发酵。本发明的方法发酵的菌种活性高，得到的有机肥的肥效好，生产成本低，生产工艺对环境友好。

Description

酶促生产高活性生物有机肥的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及生物发酵技术领域，具体涉及酶促生产高活性生物有机肥的方法。
背景技术
生物有机肥是指特定功能微生物与主要以动植物残体(如畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆等)为来源并经无害化处理、腐熟的有机物料复合而成的一类兼具微生物肥料和有机肥效应的肥料。其特点是在优质的有机肥(腐熟后)中，再添加(二次添加)功能微生物。生物有机肥的主要作用包括提高作物产量，改善作物品质；提高土壤肥力，改善土壤微生态系统；减少植物病虫害的发生。生物有机肥的执行标准是NY884-2012，其核心指标是有效活菌数≥0.20亿cfu/g。现有的技术方案多采用槽式堆置发酵法。
现有技术方案主要存在以下问题：
1.发酵基质受限。使用的菌剂及工艺主要是针对畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆和农业有机废弃物等来设计的，不能有效处理胶原蛋白、角蛋白等构象复杂的高分子蛋白。
2.功能微生物作用缓慢。二次添加的功能微生物多为芽孢或孢子等休眠体，由于以异养菌为主，所以在施用到土壤中后，活化比较困难，导致其作用相当缓慢。
3.成本较高。通常采用直投微生物菌剂来生产生物有机肥，因此购买菌剂的成本及时间负担都比较重，以年产一万吨生物有机肥为例，仅菌剂就需要150万元左右。
发明内容
为解决现有技术方案存在的问题，本发明提供一种酶促生产高活 性生物有机肥的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1)废弃蛋白物预处理：向废弃蛋白物中添加蛋白酶，得到发酵物料；
(2)发酵菌种活化：将枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌以及木霉菌分别活化后合并，合并后有效活菌数≥0.40亿cfu/g；
(3)发酵：将所述发酵物料与活化后的菌种混合，发酵，温度在40℃以下时，二次加菌。
作为本发明的一种具体实施方案，所述废弃蛋白物是指碎牛皮、牛毛、牛蹄甲、废弃肉渣、角质等含有胶原蛋白、角蛋白等构象复杂的高分子蛋白的物质。可对废弃蛋白物进行切割、粉碎处理。
作为本发明的一种具体实施方案，在步骤(1)中，在添加蛋白酶前，还加入发酵基质；所述发酵基质为以下中的一种或多种：食用菌糠、米糠、谷糠、花生麸、黄豆粕、甘蔗秸秆粉和蘑菇渣等，优选食用菌糠、米糠、花生麸和黄豆粕中的一种或多种；
优选地，所述废弃蛋白物与所述发酵基质的质量比为1:(1～3)，优选为1:(1.2～2.5)，进一步优选为1:(1.5～2)，更优选为1:2。
作为本发明的一种具体实施方案，所述蛋白酶为碱性蛋白酶。
作为本发明的一种具体实施方案，在步骤(1)中，所述蛋白酶的加入量为所述废弃蛋白物质量的0.08％～0.15％，优选为0.10％～0.12％，更优选为0.10％；优选地，在加入蛋白酶的同时，还可以添加干肠衣粉，所述干肠衣粉的加入量为所述废弃蛋白物质量的3％～6％，优选为5％。
作为本发明的一种具体实施方案，在步骤(1)中，在添加蛋白酶前，将废弃蛋白物加碱煮沸；优选地，所述碱的质量浓度为0.03％～0.08％，优选为0.05％～0.08％，更优选为0.05％；进一步优选地，煮沸时间为25～40分钟，优选为30～35分钟，更优选为30分钟。优选地，在添加蛋白酶前，将废弃蛋白物经高温转鼓做初级溶解，然 后加碱煮沸。
作为本发明的一种具体实施方案，所述发酵物料的碳氮质量比为20～30:1，优选为25～28:1，更优选为25:1。
作为本发明的一种具体实施方案，可通过物料或发酵基质的搭配来控制水分，以更好的调节菌种发酵所需要的碳氮比，优选地，发酵物料的水分含量为58％～68％，优选为60％～65％。
作为本发明的一种具体实施方案，在步骤(2)中，将枯草芽孢杆菌用NB培养液增殖，将乳酸菌用MRS培养液增殖，然后分别加入到麸皮与豆粕的组合物中进行扩培活化；将木霉菌加入到麸皮与豆粕的组合物中进行活化。
在发酵菌种活化的步骤中，将枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌分别用培养液增殖，然后分别加入到麸皮与豆粕的组合物中进行扩培活化，这样采用液固二相发酵法来活化菌种，可以起到事半功倍的效果。
作为本发明的一种具体实施方案，麸皮与豆粕的组合物的含水量为50％～70％，麸皮与豆粕的质量比为(8～10):1。
作为本发明的一种具体实施方案，在步骤(3)的二次加菌中，可以加入枯草芽孢菌、胶冻芽孢菌、解淀粉芽孢菌、弗氏裂霉菌和光合细菌等中的一种或多种；优选地，枯草芽孢菌、胶冻芽孢菌、解淀粉芽孢菌、弗氏裂霉菌可分别经过NB培养液活化后添加，光合细菌可直接喷洒；更优选地，将以上各菌株均经过活化后添加。
在第二次加菌时，再次加入部分已活化的有益微生物使得肥料的生物活性迅速又持久。
本发明所用的NB培养液和MRS培养液为本领域通常使用的培养液，均可市售获得。
本发明的另一个目的是提供由上述方法生产得到的高活性生物有机肥。
本发明的技术方案中，采用酶和微生物共同作用，即采用酶促生 物技术，有效地降解了包括胶原蛋白、角蛋白等构象复杂的高分子蛋白。
本发明的技术方案中，对蛋白废弃物原料进行酶解预处理，同时添加已活化的微生物菌种，缩短了发酵时间，提高了发酵效率。
本发明至少具有以下有益效果之一：
1.活性高。有效活菌数可达0.40亿cfu/g，远高于NY884-2012标准基本要求的0.20亿cfu/g。
2.肥效好。有效活菌的营养体和休眠体混合组成，施入土壤后，营养体可即时发挥作用，而休眠体可在后续长效发挥作用。
3.成本低。采用酶促生物技术，节约发酵时间10天左右，同时采用活化菌种，可节约一半以上的商品菌剂成本。
4.生产环境友好。发酵过程中添加乳酸菌、光合细菌等，可有效降解氨氮及硫化氢，对环境友好。
附图说明
图1为本发明的酶促生物技术生产高活性生物有机肥的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明，应该理解的是，本发明实施例所述制备方法仅仅是用于说明本发明，而不是本发明的限制，在本发明的构思前提下对本发明制备方法的简单改进都属于本发明要求保护的范围。
以下实施例的流程图参见图1。
实施例1
以日处理20吨废弃蛋白物生产高活性生物有机肥为例：
1.废弃蛋白物预处理：将20吨废弃蛋白物(碎牛皮、牛毛、牛蹄甲)切割、粉碎到1cm～2cm，置于塑料罐中，加0.05％NaOH碱液煮沸30分钟，然后与30吨食用菌糠、10吨米糠混和，添加20千克碱 性蛋白酶。
2.调整水分：用食用菌糠将预处理后物料的水分调整到60％，得到发酵物料，该发酵物料中的碳氮比为25:1。
3.发酵菌种活化：取枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌菌种各10克，分别用5000毫升NB培养液和MRS培养液增殖，然后再分别添加到50千克含水量为60％的麸皮:豆粕(9:1)中扩培，得到100千克活化的菌种；取木霉菌1千克加到20千克含水量为60％的麸皮:豆粕(9:1)中活化；将活化后的菌种合并，有效活菌数≥0.40亿cfu/g。
4.建堆发酵：将发酵物料与活化后的菌种混合，掺拌均匀，建堆，平堆高度1.2米，宽度2.5米，适时翻抛，使温度不超过70℃，7天后温度开始缓慢下降，待温度降低到40℃左右，二次加菌，枯草芽孢菌、胶冻芽孢菌、解淀粉芽孢菌、弗氏裂霉菌经过NB培养液活化后添加，光合细菌直接喷洒。
5.腐熟后加工。低温干燥(低于40℃)至含水量≤30％，粉碎，检验合格后即可计量分装。最终可获得高活性生物有机肥50吨。
实施例2
以日处理25吨废弃蛋白物生产高活性生物有机肥为例：
1.废弃蛋白物预处理：将25吨废弃蛋白物(碎牛皮、牛毛、牛蹄甲)切割、粉碎到2cm，置于塑料罐中，加0.06％NaOH碱液煮沸35分钟，然后与30吨食用菌糠、7.5吨谷糠混和，添加30千克碱性蛋白酶。
2.调整水分：用谷糠将预处理后物料的水分调整到65％，得到发酵物料，该发酵物料中的碳氮比为23:1。
3.发酵菌种活化：取枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌菌种各12克，分别用5000毫升NB培养液和MRS培养液增殖，然后再分别添加到50千克含水量为65％的麸皮:豆粕(8:1)中扩培，得到100千克活化的菌种；取木霉菌1.2千克加到20千克含水量为65％的麸皮:豆粕(8:1)中 活化；将活化后的菌种合并，有效活菌数≥0.42亿cfu/g。
4.建堆发酵：将发酵物料与活化后的菌种混合，掺拌均匀，建堆，平堆高度1.5米，宽度2.5米，适时翻抛，使温度不超过70℃，7天后温度开始缓慢下降，待温度降低到40℃左右，二次加菌，枯草芽孢菌、胶冻芽孢菌、解淀粉芽孢菌、弗氏裂霉菌经过NB培养液活化后添加，光合细菌直接喷洒。
5.腐熟后加工。低温干燥(低于40℃)至含水量≤30％，粉碎，检验合格后即可计量分装。最终可获得高活性生物有机肥55吨。
实施例3
以日处理15吨废弃蛋白物生产高活性生物有机肥为例：
1.废弃蛋白物预处理：将15吨废弃蛋白物(碎牛皮、牛毛、牛蹄甲)切割、粉碎到1cm，置于塑料罐中，加0.03％NaOH碱液煮沸30分钟，然后与10吨谷糠、8吨蘑菇渣混和，添加12千克碱性蛋白酶。
2.调整水分：用食用菌糠将预处理后物料的水分调整到58％，得到发酵物料，该发酵物料中的碳氮比为28:1。
3.发酵菌种活化：取枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌菌种各10克，分别用5000毫升NB培养液和MRS培养液增殖，然后再分别添加到50千克含水量为50％的麸皮:豆粕(10:1)中扩培，得到100千克活化的菌种；取木霉菌1千克加到20千克含水量为50％的麸皮:豆粕(10:1)中活化；将活化后的菌种合并，有效活菌数≥0.40亿cfu/g。
4.建堆发酵：将发酵物料与活化后的菌种混合，掺拌均匀，建堆，平堆高度1.2米，宽度2.5米，适时翻抛，使温度不超过70℃，7天后温度开始缓慢下降，待温度降低到40℃左右，二次加菌，枯草芽孢菌、胶冻芽孢菌、解淀粉芽孢菌、弗氏裂霉菌经过NB培养液活化后添加，光合细菌直接喷洒。
5.腐熟后加工。低温干燥(低于40℃)至含水量≤30％，粉碎，检验合格后即可计量分装。最终可获得高活性生物有机肥28吨。
实施例4
以日处理30吨废弃蛋白物生产高活性生物有机肥为例：
1.废弃蛋白物预处理：将30吨废弃蛋白物(碎牛皮、牛毛、牛蹄甲)切割、粉碎到2cm，置于塑料罐中，加0.08％NaOH碱液煮沸40分钟，然后与40吨食用菌糠、20吨米糠混和，添加45千克碱性蛋白酶。
2.调整水分：用食用菌糠将预处理后物料的水分调整到68％，得到发酵物料，该发酵物料中的碳氮比为20:1。
3.发酵菌种活化：取枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌菌种各15克，分别用5000毫升NB培养液和MRS培养液增殖，然后再分别添加到50千克含水量为60％的麸皮:豆粕(9:1)中扩培，得到100千克活化的菌种；取木霉菌1.5千克加到20千克含水量为60％的麸皮:豆粕(9:1)中活化；将活化后的菌种合并，有效活菌数≥0.45亿cfu/g。
4.建堆发酵：将发酵物料与活化后的菌种混合，掺拌均匀，建堆，平堆高度1.5米，宽度3米，适时翻抛，使温度不超过70℃，7天后温度开始缓慢下降，待温度降低到40℃左右，二次加菌，枯草芽孢菌、胶冻芽孢菌、解淀粉芽孢菌、弗氏裂霉菌经过NB培养液活化后添加，光合细菌直接喷洒。
5.腐熟后加工。低温干燥(低于40℃)至含水量≤30％，粉碎，检验合格后即可计量分装。最终可获得高活性生物有机肥80吨。
实施例5
以日处理20吨废弃蛋白物生产高活性生物有机肥为例，与实施例1同法操作，不同之处在于步骤(1)按如下操作：将20吨废弃蛋白物(牛毛、牛蹄甲、废弃肉渣)切割、粉碎到1cm～2cm，置于高温转鼓中进行初级溶解，加0.05％NaOH碱液煮沸30分钟，然后与30吨食用菌糠、10吨米糠混和，添加20千克碱性蛋白酶和1吨干肠衣粉，调节pH不高于8.5。
实验例1
用农家有机肥在萝卜上进行试验，施用肥量500公斤/亩。萝卜产量为5000公斤/亩。
用本申请实施例1的有机肥在萝卜上进行试验，施用肥量350公斤/亩。萝卜产量达5000公斤/亩以上，质量与重量都优于农家有机肥。
实验例2
用农家有机肥在白菜上进行试验，施用肥量400公斤/亩。白菜产量为2500公斤/亩。
用本申请实施例2的有机肥在白菜上进行试验，施用肥量300公斤/亩。白菜产量达3500公斤/亩，质量与重量优于农家有机肥。
实验例3
用农家有机肥在韭菜上进行试验，施用肥量500公斤/亩。韭菜产量为3500公斤/亩。
用本申请实施例3的有机肥在韭菜上进行试验，施用肥量为400公斤/亩。韭菜产量达4500公斤/亩，质量与重量均优于农家有机肥。
实验例4
用农家有机肥在空心菜上进行试验，施用肥量500公斤/亩。空心菜产量为3500公斤/亩。
用本申请实施例4的有机肥在空心菜上进行试验，施用肥量为400公斤/亩。空心菜产量达4500公斤/亩，质量与重量均优于农家有机肥。
实验例5
用农家有机肥在冬瓜上进行试验，施用肥量500公斤/亩。冬瓜产量5000公斤/亩。
用本申请实施例5的有机肥在冬瓜上进行试验，施用肥量400公斤/亩。冬瓜产量5000公斤/亩以上，质量与重量均优于农家有机肥。
以上试验结果汇总于表1中。
表1.本申请的有机肥与农家有机肥的对比试验结果
Figure PCTCN2020136199-appb-000001
由表1的结果可知，本申请的有机肥与农家有机肥相比，施用肥量每亩节省20％-30％，亩产量提高了10％-40％。这对于农业生产而言，节约了成本，提高了产量，具有非常可观的经济效益。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合，为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本发明的思想，其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims (10)

  1. 酶促生产高活性生物有机肥的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
    (1)废弃蛋白物预处理：向废弃蛋白物中添加蛋白酶，得到发酵物料；
    (2)发酵菌种活化：将枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌以及木霉菌分别活化后合并，合并后有效活菌数≥0.40亿cfu/g；
    (3)发酵：将所述发酵物料与活化后的菌种混合，发酵，温度在40℃以下时，二次加菌。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(1)中，在添加蛋白酶前，还加入发酵基质；所述发酵基质为以下中的一种或多种：食用菌糠、米糠、谷糠、花生麸、黄豆粕、甘蔗秸秆粉和蘑菇渣；优选食用菌糠、米糠、花生麸和黄豆粕中的一种或多种；
    优选地，所述废弃蛋白物与所述发酵基质的质量比为1:(1～3)；更优选为1:(1.2～2.5)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述蛋白酶为碱性蛋白酶。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(1)中，所述蛋白酶的加入量为所述废弃蛋白物质量的0.08％～0.15％，优选为0.10％～0.12％。
  5. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(1)中，在添加蛋白酶前，将废弃蛋白物加碱煮沸；优选地，所述碱的质量浓度为0.03％～0.08％，更优选为0.05％～0.08％；进一步优选地，煮沸时间为25～40分钟，更优选为30～35分钟。
  6. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发酵物料的碳氮质量比为20～30:1，优选为25～28:1，更优选为25:1；进一步优选地，所述发酵物料的水分含量为58％～68％，更优选为 60％～65％。
  7. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(2)中，将枯草芽孢杆菌用NB培养液增殖，将乳酸菌用MRS培养液增殖，然后分别加入到麸皮与豆粕的组合物中进行扩培活化；将木霉菌加入到麸皮与豆粕的组合物中进行活化。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，麸皮与豆粕的组合物的含水量为50％～70％，麸皮与豆粕的质量比为(8～10):1。
  9. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤(3)的二次加菌中，加入枯草芽孢菌、胶冻芽孢菌、解淀粉芽孢菌、弗氏裂霉菌和光合细菌中的一种或多种；优选地，枯草芽孢菌、胶冻芽孢菌、解淀粉芽孢菌和弗氏裂霉菌分别经过NB培养液活化后添加，光合细菌直接喷洒。
  10. 权利要求1～9中任一项所述的方法生产得到的高活性生物有机肥。
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CN111018578A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-17 梧州神冠蛋白肠衣有限公司 酶促生产高活性生物有机肥的方法

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