WO2021134948A1 - 一种喂线装置及具有该装置的电渣炉 - Google Patents

一种喂线装置及具有该装置的电渣炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021134948A1
WO2021134948A1 PCT/CN2020/082413 CN2020082413W WO2021134948A1 WO 2021134948 A1 WO2021134948 A1 WO 2021134948A1 CN 2020082413 W CN2020082413 W CN 2020082413W WO 2021134948 A1 WO2021134948 A1 WO 2021134948A1
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Prior art keywords
wire
wire feeding
feeding device
insulating sleeve
machine
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PCT/CN2020/082413
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廖志金
吴建春
杨宇鹏
杨清
欧汝平
李春红
朱福生
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龙南龙钇重稀土科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021134948A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021134948A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a metallurgical device, in particular to a wire feeding device and an electroslag furnace with the device.
  • the removal of inclusions and good crystallization conditions of the electroslag furnace are usually used to perform electroslag remelting to improve the purity of the metal, make the as-cast structure fine and uniform, and disperse and refine the inclusions. Improve the performance of metal materials.
  • the slag liquid removes impurities, it also removes some active metal elements, which changes the composition of the metal. Due to the small distance between the base material and the mold that requires electroslag remelting, and the base material and the mold are both electrical conductors, and the voltage is high, if a metal wire is used to supplement the mold, it is easy to cause a short circuit between the metal wire and the mold.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a wire feeding device with simple operation, accurate control and high degree of automation and an electroslag furnace with the device.
  • a wire feeding device including wire feeding machine, elevator, insulating sleeve, length sensor, position sensor, weighing sensor and control system;
  • the load cell is used to obtain the weight information of the electrode of the electroslag furnace
  • the wire feeding machine is arranged above the crystallizer of the electroslag furnace, the wire feeding machine is provided with a transmission device for transmitting the wire, and the insulating sleeve is installed on the elevator and is configured to be inserted into the electric slag furnace.
  • the crystallizer of the electroslag furnace In the crystallizer of the electroslag furnace;
  • the length sensor and the position sensor are respectively used to obtain the feed length information of the wire and the position information of the insulating sleeve in the crystallizer of the electroslag furnace;
  • the load cell, length sensor, position sensor, wire feeder and elevator are all connected to the control system, and the control system is at least used to acquire and process the weight information, length information, and position information, and report to the Feeding machine and elevator feedback control commands.
  • the wire feeding device is also provided with at least one set of straightening machine, and the straightening machine is located between the wire feeding machine and the insulating sleeve.
  • the straightening machine includes a mounting plate and a plurality of straightening wheels, the mounting plate is provided with a plurality of adjusting waist-shaped holes, the straightening wheel is installed on the mounting plate through the adjusting waist-shaped holes, the The straightening channels are defined between the straightening wheels.
  • the wire feeding device is also provided with a wire pay-off rack, and the wire pay-off rack is arranged adjacent to the wire feeding machine.
  • the wire feeding device is further provided with a wire outlet conduit, and the wire outlet conduit is arranged between the wire feeding machine and the straightening machine.
  • the insulating sleeve has a degree of freedom to move up and down in a vertical direction. This kind of movement can be realized by installing the insulating sleeve on the elevator, or by means of a sliding rail or a cylinder drive device or a servo drive device.
  • the insulating sleeve is configured to guide the wire into the crystallizer of the electroslag furnace.
  • the insulating sleeve is configured to vertically guide the wire into the crystallizer of the electroslag furnace.
  • the wire feeding machine includes a wire feeding frame, a transmission device and a guide tube
  • the transmission device is installed on the wire feeding frame
  • the transmission device includes a speed reducer, a wire feeding driving wheel and a wire feeding slave.
  • the driving wheel; the feeding line driving wheel is installed on the reducer, the feeding line driven wheel is installed on one side of the feeding line driving wheel, the line feeding driving wheel and the line feeding driven wheel are defined to form a transmission Channel
  • the guide tube is installed on both sides of the transmission channel; the wire passes through the guide tube on one side and enters the transmission channel. Under the action, the wire can be close to or far away from the guide tube on the other side, thereby acting as a transmission wire.
  • the speed reducer has a servo motor and/or a stepping motor matched with it, which is beneficial to improve the control accuracy and response speed.
  • the elevator includes a servo motor, a sliding guide rail, a screw rod, and a sliding platform; the servo motor is connected to the screw rod, the screw rod is installed on the sliding guide rail, and the sliding platform is installed on the On a sliding rail; the sliding platform moves up and down along the sliding rail under the action of the servo motor and the screw rod.
  • the elevator can also slide pneumatically on the guide rail.
  • An electroslag furnace includes a main body and a wire feeding device.
  • the main body includes a column, an electrode and a crystallizer.
  • the wire feeding device includes a wire feeding machine, a lifter, an insulating sleeve, a length sensor, a position sensor, a weighing sensor, and Control System;
  • the load cell is used to obtain weight information of the electrode
  • the wire feeding machine is arranged above the crystallizer of the electroslag furnace, the wire feeding machine is equipped with a transmission device for transmitting the wire, and the insulating sleeve is installed on the elevator and is configured to be inserted into the electric slag furnace.
  • the crystallizer In the crystallizer;
  • the length sensor and the position sensor are respectively used to obtain the feeding length information of the wire and the position information of the insulating sleeve in the mold;
  • the load cell, length sensor, position sensor, wire feeder and elevator are all connected to the control system, and the control system is used to acquire and process the weight information, length information and position information, and to feed the Wire machine and elevator feedback control instructions.
  • the crystallizer is arranged on one side of the upright column.
  • the main body further includes an electrode holder and a motor, the electrode holder is connected to the motor, the electrode holder is mounted on the column, and the electrode is mounted on the electrode holder; the electrode is mounted on the motor and the electrode holder. It can move up and down under the action.
  • the wire feeding device is also provided with at least one set of straightening machine, and the straightening machine is located between the wire feeding machine and the insulating sleeve.
  • the straightening machine includes a mounting plate and a plurality of straightening wheels, the mounting plate is provided with a plurality of adjusting waist-shaped holes, the straightening wheel is installed on the mounting plate through the adjusting waist-shaped holes, the The straightening channels are defined between the straightening wheels.
  • the wire feeding device is also provided with a wire pay-off rack, and the wire pay-off rack is arranged adjacent to the wire feeding machine.
  • the wire feeding device is further provided with a wire outlet conduit, and the wire outlet conduit is arranged between the wire feeding machine and the straightening machine.
  • the insulating sleeve can move up and down in a vertical direction.
  • the insulating sleeve is configured to guide the wire vertically into the mold of the electroslag furnace, so that the insulating sleeve can effectively guide the wire into the alloy liquid formed in the mold of the electroslag furnace, This ensures that the elements that need to be fed are added to the alloy liquid.
  • the wire feeding machine includes a wire feeding frame, a transmission device and a guide tube
  • the transmission device is installed on the wire feeding frame
  • the transmission device includes a speed reducer, a wire feeding driving wheel and a wire feeding slave.
  • the driving wheel; the feeding line driving wheel is installed on the reducer, the feeding line driven wheel is installed on one side of the feeding line driving wheel, the line feeding driving wheel and the line feeding driven wheel are defined to form a transmission Channel
  • the guide tube is installed on both sides of the transmission channel; the wire passes through the guide tube on one side and enters the transmission channel. Under the action, the wire can be close to or far away from the guide tube on the other side, so as to serve as a transmission wire.
  • the speed reducer has a servo motor and/or a stepping motor matched with it, which is beneficial to improve the control accuracy and response speed.
  • the elevator includes a servo motor, a sliding guide rail, a screw rod, and a sliding platform, the servo motor is connected to the screw rod, the screw rod is installed on the sliding guide rail, and the sliding platform is installed on the On a sliding rail; the sliding platform moves up and down along the sliding rail under the action of the servo motor and the screw rod.
  • the wire material is a cored wire and/or a solid metal core wire, preferably the material of the solid metal core wire, the outer wrapping material of the cored wire and the metal material that requires electroslag production are close to the composition, or the cored wire
  • the core material contains metal elements that need to be added to facilitate composition control.
  • the present invention analyzes and processes the obtained weight information, length information and position information through the control system to obtain the alloy liquid level in the crystallizer, the length of the feeding wire, the speed and the position of the insulating sleeve in the crystallizer, according to the processing results in real time Adjust the wire feeding speed and the position of the insulating sleeve to achieve the effect of uniform wire feeding and constant distance between the insulating sleeve and the alloy liquid level; at the same time, the insulating sleeve can effectively separate the mold and the electrode, thereby avoiding short circuits and damaging the crystal Servo motor and planetary reducer are used to drive the wire feeding, which has high control accuracy and fast speed adjustment response; the elevator that uses the combination of servo motor and screw rod also has the advantages of precise control and fast response.
  • an electroslag furnace with a wire feeding device of the present invention includes a main body 1 and a wire feeding device, wherein the wire feeding device includes a wire feeding machine 2, a lifter 3, a straightening machine 4, and an insulating sleeve Tube 5 (The material of insulating sleeve 5 should not be damaged during the electroslag process, or the damage is small but does not adversely affect the quality of the product), pay-off rack 6, outlet conduit 7, length sensor 8, position sensor 9.
  • the main body 1 includes a column 11, a crystallizer 12, an electrode holder 13, an electrode 14, and a motor 15.
  • the electrode holder 13 is installed on the column 11, and the load cell 16, the electrode 14 are installed on the electrode holder 13.
  • the motor 15 is connected to the electrode holder 13, the weighing sensor 16 is used to obtain the weight information of the electrode 14; the electrode holder 13 is provided with a clamping device, and the clamping device is used for fixing
  • the electrode 14 and the clamping device can move up and down under the action of the motor 15; the crystallizer 12 is installed on one side of the column 11 and is located directly below the electrode 14.
  • the electrode 14 is under the action of the motor 15 It can be extended into the crystallizer 12.
  • the wire feeding machine 2 includes a wire feeding frame 21, a transmission device and a guide tube 22, the transmission device is installed on the wire feeding frame 21, and the transmission device includes a reducer 23, The thread feeding driving wheel 24 and the thread feeding driven wheel 25; the thread feeding driving wheel 24 is installed on the speed reducer 23, and the thread feeding driven wheel 25 is matched and installed on one side of the thread feeding driving wheel 24, so A transmission channel is defined between the thread feeding driving wheel 24 and the thread feeding driven wheel 25, and the guide tube 22 is installed on both sides of the transmission channel in cooperation; the wire 17 passes through the guide tube 22 located on one side thereof, And enter the transmission channel, under the action of the thread feeding driven wheel 25 and the thread feeding driving wheel 24, the wire 17 can be close to or far away from the guide tube 22 on the other side, thereby acting as a transmission wire 17 .
  • the elevator 3 includes a servo motor 31, a sliding guide 32, a screw 33, and a sliding platform 34.
  • the servo motor 31 is connected to the screw 33, and the screw 33 is mounted on the On the sliding rail 32, the sliding platform 34 is installed on the sliding rail 32; the sliding platform 34 moves up and down along the sliding rail 32 under the action of the servo motor 31 and the screw 33.
  • the straightening machine 4 includes a mounting plate 41 and a plurality of straightening wheels 42.
  • the mounting plate 41 is provided with a plurality of adjusting waist-shaped holes 43, and the straightening wheels 42 pass through the adjusting waist-shaped holes 43. It is installed on the mounting plate 41 and arranged in a staggered arrangement, and a straightening channel is formed between the straightening wheels 42. By adjusting the relative position of the straightening wheels 42, different straightening effects can be achieved.
  • the wire feeding machine 2 is arranged above the crystallizer 12, and the wire pay-off frame 6 is arranged above the wire feeding machine 2 (it can also be arranged on the side of the wire feeding machine 12),
  • a straightening machine 4 is also provided between the wire feeding machine 2 and the crystallizer 12; an outlet conduit 7 is arranged between the wire feeding machine 2 and the straightening machine 4, and one end of the outlet conduit 7 is adjacent to the wire feeding machine 2
  • the wire outlet of the guide tube 22 is arranged, and the other end of the wire outlet conduit 7 is arranged adjacent to the wire inlet of the straightening machine 4.
  • the elevator 3 is arranged on the upper side of the crystallizer 12, one end of the insulating sleeve 5 is installed on the sliding platform 34 of the elevator 3, and the insulating sleeve 5 is configured to be vertically inserted into the crystallizer. 12, and located between the electrode 14 and the inner wall of the crystallizer 12 after being inserted, the insulating sleeve 5 can move up and down in the vertical direction in the crystallizer 12 under the action of the elevator 3.
  • the length sensor 8 is installed at the outlet of the straightening machine 4 to obtain the feeding length information of the wire 17; the position sensor 9 is installed on the elevator 3 and is used to obtain the insulation sleeve 5 in the mold 12 Location information.
  • the collection lines of the load cell 16, the length sensor 8 and the position sensor 9 are all connected to the control system 10, so that the control system 10 can obtain the weight information and length collected by the load cell 16, the length sensor 8 and the position sensor 9. Information and location information; the control lines of the wire feeding machine 2 and the elevator 3 are connected to the control system 10, so that the control system 10 can feed back control instructions to the wire feeding machine 2 and the elevator 3.
  • the wire 17 When in use, install the wire 17 on the pay-off rack 6, and then make the wire 17 pass through the straightening channel of the wire feeding machine 2, the outlet conduit 7 and the straightening machine 4 in turn, and extend vertically into the insulating sleeve 5 , Lead into the mold 2 through the insulating sleeve 5; the wire 17 can be a cored wire or a solid metal wire.
  • the motor 15 is started to extend the electrode 14 into the crystallizer 12.
  • the startup control system 10 controls the elevator 3 to insert the insulating sleeve 5 into the mold 12, and the wire feeding machine 2 feeds the wire 17 into the straightening channel of the straightening machine 4, and after straightening, it is sent to the lower end of the insulating sleeve 5;
  • the electroslag furnace 1 starts electroslag production, and the weighing sensor 16 starts to obtain the weight information of the electrode 14, and feeds the obtained weight information back to the control system 10 in real time.
  • the control system 10 obtains the melting of the electrode 14 by analyzing and processing the weight information. Speed and weight change data, and calculate the position of the formed alloy liquid level in the crystallizer 12.
  • the length sensor 8 and the position sensor 9 feed back the acquired length information and position information to the control system 10 in real time.
  • the feeding length and feeding speed data of the wire 17 and the insulating sleeve 5 are obtained.
  • the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding machine 2 is automatically controlled so that the wire 17 is uniformly fed into the alloy liquid.
  • stop the wire feeding machine 2 exit the insulating sleeve 5, and at the same time withdraw the wire, so that the wire 17 and the insulating sleeve 5 leave the mold 12, and the wire feeding procedure is ended.
  • the present invention analyzes and processes the obtained weight information, length information, and position information through the control system 10 to obtain the alloy liquid level in the mold 12, the length of the wire, the speed, and the position of the insulating sleeve 5 in the mold 12. According to the processing results, adjust the wire feeding speed of the wire feeding machine 2 and the position of the insulating sleeve 5 in real time, so as to achieve the effect of uniform wire feeding and a constant distance between the insulating sleeve 5 and the alloy liquid surface; at the same time, the insulating sleeve 5 can effectively isolate The crystallizer 12 and the electrode 14 are opened to avoid short circuit and damage the crystallizer 12.

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Abstract

一种喂线装置及具有该装置的电渣炉，喂线装置包括喂线机（2）、升降机（3）、绝缘套管（5）、长度传感器（8）、位置传感器（9）、称重传感器（16）和控制系统（10）；称重传感器（16）用于获取电渣炉的电极的重量信息；长度传感器（8）和位置传感器（9）至少分别用于获取线材的喂线长度信息和绝缘套管（5）在电渣炉的结晶器（12）中的位置信息；控制系统（10）至少用于获取并处理重量信息、长度信息和位置信息，并向喂线机（2）和升降机（3）反馈控制指令。提供的电渣喂线装置操作简单、控制精确且自动化程度高。

Description

一种喂线装置及具有该装置的电渣炉 技术领域
本发明涉及一种冶金装置，尤其涉及一种喂线装置及具有该装置的电渣炉。
背景技术
现在冶金行业生产中，通常会利用电渣炉的去夹杂作用和良好的结晶条件，对金属进行电渣重熔，以提高金属的纯净度，使铸态组织细致均匀，弥散细化夹杂物，提高金属材料的性能。渣液在去除杂质的同时，也会去除部分活泼金属元素，使金属的成分发生变化。由于需电渣重熔的母材与结晶器间的间距小，且母材与结晶器均为导电体、电压高，若用金属线材补加到结晶器内，容易造成金属线材与结晶器短路损坏结晶器，目前控制活泼金属元素成分的方式主要有两种，一种是生产母材时，预先计算好活泼金属元素的损失量，增大母材中的活泼金属的含量，这种方法成本高。另一种是把需补回的活泼金属元素破碎成小颗粒状，在电渣时加入结晶器中，这种方法存在的问题是：活泼金属元素加在渣液表面，烧损大，不容易控制，且易与渣液反应，浪费大，影响渣液的平衡。
鉴于上述问题，有必要提供一种新的喂线装置和电渣炉。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种操作简单、控制精确且自动化程度高的喂线装置及具有该装置的电渣炉。
为实现前述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：
一种喂线装置，包括喂线机、升降机、绝缘套管、长度传感器、位置传 感器、称重传感器和控制系统；
所述称重传感器用于获取电渣炉的电极的重量信息；
所述喂线机设于电渣炉的结晶器的上方，所述喂线机内设有传动装置用于传输线材，所述绝缘套管安装于所述升降机上，并被配置成可插入所述电渣炉的结晶器内；
所述长度传感器和位置传感器，至少分别用于获取所述线材的喂线长度信息和所述绝缘套管在电渣炉的结晶器中的位置信息；
所述称重传感器、长度传感器、位置传感器、喂线机和升降机均与所述控制系统连接，所述控制系统至少用于获取并处理所述重量信息、长度信息和位置信息，并向所述喂线机和升降机反馈控制指令。
进一步地，所述喂线装置还设有至少一套调直机，所述调直机位于所述喂线机和绝缘套管之间。
进一步地，所述调直机包括安装板和若干调直轮，所述安装板上设有若干调节腰形孔，所述调直轮通过所述调节腰形孔安装于安装板上，所述调直轮之间界定形成调直通道。
进一步地，所述喂线装置还设有放线架，所述放线架邻近所述喂线机设置。
进一步地，所述喂线装置还设有出线导管，所述出线导管设于所述喂线机和调直机之间。
进一步地，所述绝缘套管具有在竖直方向上下移动的自由度。这种移动的实现绝缘套管可以设置在升降机上，也可以通过滑轨或者气缸驱动装置或者伺服驱动装置等实现。
进一步地，所述绝缘套管被配置成将所述线材导入电渣炉的结晶器内。优选的，所述绝缘套管被配置成将所述线材竖直的导入电渣炉的结晶器内。
进一步地，所述喂线机包括喂线机架、传动装置和导向管，所述传动装 置安装于所述喂线机架上，所述传动装置包括减速机、喂线主动轮和喂线从动轮；所述喂线主动轮安装于所述减速机上，所述喂线从动轮配合安装于所述喂线主动轮的一侧，所述喂线主动轮和喂线从动轮之间界定形成传动通道，所述导向管配合安装于所述传动通道的两侧；所述线材穿过位于其中一侧的导向管，并进入所述传动通道，在所述喂线从动轮和喂线主动轮的作用下，所述线材可以靠近或远离位于另一侧的导向管，从而起到传输线材的作用。
进一步地，所述的减速机、喂线主动轮和喂线从动轮可以是二套或二套以上。
进一步地，所述的减速机具有与其配合的伺服电机和/或步进电机，有利于提高控制精度和响应速度。
进一步地，所述升降机包括伺服电机、滑动导轨、丝杆、滑动平台；所述伺服电机与所述丝杆连接，所述丝杆安装于所述滑动导轨上，所述滑动平台安装在所述滑动导轨上；所述滑动平台在所述伺服电机与所述丝杆的作用下，沿所述滑动导轨上下移动。
进一步地，所述升降机也可以气动滑动导轨。
一种电渣炉，包括主体和喂线装置，所述主体包括立柱、电极和结晶器，所述喂线装置包括喂线机、升降机、绝缘套管、长度传感器、位置传感器、称重传感器和控制系统；
所述称重传感器用于获取所述电极的重量信息；
所述喂线机设于电渣炉的结晶器的上方，所述喂线机内设有传动装置用于传输线材，所述绝缘套管安装于所述升降机上，并被配置成可插入所述结晶器内；
所述长度传感器和位置传感器，分别用于获取所述线材的喂线长度信息和所述绝缘套管在结晶器中的位置信息；
所述称重传感器、长度传感器、位置传感器、喂线机和升降机均与所述 控制系统连接，所述控制系统用于获取并处理所述重量信息、长度信息和位置信息，并向所述喂线机和升降机反馈控制指令。
进一步地，所述结晶器设于所述立柱的一侧。
进一步地，所述主体还包括电极支架和电机，所述电极支架和电机连接，所述电极支架安装于所述立柱上，所述电极安装于电极支架上；所述电极在电机和电极支架的作用下可以上下移动。
进一步地，所述喂线装置还设有至少一套调直机，所述调直机位于所述喂线机和绝缘套管之间。
进一步地，所述调直机包括安装板和若干调直轮，所述安装板上设有若干调节腰形孔，所述调直轮通过所述调节腰形孔安装于安装板上，所述调直轮之间界定形成调直通道。
进一步地，所述喂线装置还设有放线架，所述放线架邻近所述喂线机设置。
进一步地，所述喂线装置还设有出线导管，所述出线导管设于所述喂线机和调直机之间。
进一步地，所述绝缘套管可以在竖直方向上下移动。
进一步地，所述绝缘套管被配置成将所述线材竖直的导入电渣炉的结晶器内，使得绝缘套管能有效地将线材导入在电渣炉结晶器中形成的合金液中，从而确保将需喂入的元素加入合金液中。
进一步地，所述喂线机包括喂线机架、传动装置和导向管，所述传动装置安装于所述喂线机架上，所述传动装置包括减速机、喂线主动轮和喂线从动轮；所述喂线主动轮安装于所述减速机上，所述喂线从动轮配合安装于所述喂线主动轮的一侧，所述喂线主动轮和喂线从动轮之间界定形成传动通道，所述导向管配合安装于所述传动通道的两侧；所述线材穿过位于其中一侧的导向管，并进入所述传动通道，在所述喂线从动轮和喂线主动轮的作用下， 所述线材可以靠近或远离位于另一侧的导向管，从而起到传输线材的作用。
进一步地，所述的减速机、喂线主动轮和喂线从动轮可以是二套或二套以上。
进一步地，所述的减速机具有与其配合的伺服电机和/或步进电机，有利于提高控制精度和响应速度。
进一步地，所述升降机包括伺服电机、滑动导轨、丝杆、滑动平台，所述伺服电机与所述丝杆连接，所述丝杆安装于所述滑动导轨上，所述滑动平台安装在所述滑动导轨上；所述滑动平台在所述伺服电机与所述丝杆的作用下，沿所述滑动导轨上下移动。
进一步地，所述线材为包芯线和/或金属实芯线，优选金属实芯线的制作材料、包芯线的外层包扎材料与需电渣生产的金属材料成份接近，或包芯线的芯料中包含需加入的金属元素，以便于成分控制。
本发明有益效果：
本发明通过控制系统对获取的重量信息、长度信息和位置信息，进行分析处理得到结晶器中的合金液面高度、喂线长度、速度和绝缘套管在结晶器中的位置，根据处理结果实时调节喂线速度和绝缘套管的位置，从而达到喂线均匀、绝缘套管与合金液面的距离恒定的效果；同时绝缘套管能有效地隔开结晶器与电极，从而避免短路，损坏结晶器；并且采用伺服电机与行星减速机驱动喂线，控制精度高、速度调节响应快；采用伺服电机与丝杆组合的升降机也同样具有控制精确、响应快的优点。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例和附图，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。需要说明的是，当元件被称为“安装于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另 一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。在所示出的实施例中，方向表示即上、下、左、右、前和后等是相对的，用于解释本申请中不同部件的结构和运动是相对的。当部件处于图中所示的位置时，这些表示是恰当的。但是，如果元件位置的说明发生变化，那么认为这些表示也将相应地发生变化。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
如图1所示，一种具有本发明喂线装置的电渣炉，包括主体1和喂线装置，其中，所述喂线装置包括喂线机2、升降机3、调直机4、绝缘套管5(绝缘套管5的制作材料应满足在电渣过程中不被损坏，或者有损坏较小但不对产品质量产生不良影响)、放线架6、出线导管7、长度传感器8、位置传感器9、称重传感器16和控制系统10。所述主体1包括立柱11、结晶器12、电极支架13、电极14、电机15；所述电极支架13安装于立柱11上，所述称重传感器16、电极14安装在所述电极支架13上，所述电机15与所述电极支架13连接，所述称重传感器16用于获取所述电极14的重量信息；所述电极支架13上设有夹持装置，所述夹持装置用于固定所述电极14，夹持装置在电机15作用下可上下移动；所述结晶器12安装于所述立柱11的一侧，并且位于所述电极14的正下方，电极14在电机15的作用下可以伸入结晶器12中。
如图2所示，所述喂线机2包括喂线机架21、传动装置和导向管22，所述传动装置安装于所述喂线机架上21，所述传动装置包括减速机23、喂线主动轮24和喂线从动轮25；所述喂线主动轮24安装于所述减速机23上，所述喂线从动轮25配合安装于所述喂线主动轮24的一侧，所述喂线主动轮24和喂线从动轮25之间界定形成传动通道，所述导向管22配合安装于所述传动 通道的两侧；所述线材17穿过位于其中一侧的导向管22，并进入所述传动通道，在所述喂线从动轮25和喂线主动轮24的作用下，所述线材17可以靠近或远离位于另一侧的导向管22，从而起到传输线材17的作用。
如图3所示，所述的升降机3包括伺服电机31、滑动导轨32、丝杆33、滑动平台34，所述伺服电机31与所述丝杆33连接，所述丝杆33安装于所述滑动导轨32上，所述滑动平台34安装在所述滑动导轨32上；所述滑动平台34在所述伺服电机31与所述丝杆33的作用下，沿所述滑动导轨32上下移动。
如图4所示，所述调直机4包括安装板41和若干调直轮42，所述安装板41上设有若干调节腰形孔43，所述调直轮42通过调节腰形孔43安装于安装板41上并交错排列，并在调直轮42之间形成调直通道，通过调节调直轮42的相对位置，可以实现不同的调直效果。
如图1-4所示，所述喂线机2设于结晶器12的上方，所述放线架6设于喂线机2的上方(也可以设在喂线机12的侧方)，在喂线机2和结晶器12之间还设有调直机4；在喂线机2和调直机4之间设有出线导管7，出线导管7的一端邻近所述喂线机2的导向管22的出线口设置，出线导管7的另一端邻近所述调直机4的进线口设置。
所述升降机3设于所述结晶器12的上侧，所述绝缘套管5的一端安装于所述升降机3的滑动平台34上，绝缘套管5被配置成可以竖直的插入到结晶器12中，且插入后位于所述电极14和结晶器12的内壁之间，绝缘套管5可以在升降机3的作用下，在结晶器12内沿竖直方向上下移动。
所述长度传感器8安装于调直机4的出线口处，用于获取线材17的喂线长度信息；所述位置传感器9安装于升降机3上，用于获取绝缘套管5在结晶器12中的位置信息。
所述称重传感器16、长度传感器8和位置传感器9的采集线均连接到控制系统10上，使得控制系统10能够获取称重传感器16、长度传感器8和位 置传感器9所收集的重量信息、长度信息和位置信息；所述喂线机2和升降机3的控制线均连接到述控制系统10上，使得控制系统10能向所述喂线机2和升降机3反馈控制指令。
使用时，将线材17安装于放线架6上，然后使线材17依次穿过喂线机2、出线导管7和调直机4的调直通道，并竖直的伸入绝缘套管5内，经绝缘套管5导入结晶器2中；所述线材17可以是包芯线或者金属实芯线。启动电机15将电极14伸入所述结晶器12中。启动控制系统10控制升降机3将绝缘套管5插入结晶器12中，喂线机2将线材17喂入调直机4的调直通道中，经调直后送至绝缘套管5的下端；启动电渣炉1开始电渣生产，称重传感器16开始获取电极14的重量信息，并将获取的重量信息实时反馈至控制系统10，控制系统10通过分析处理所述重量信息，得到电极14的熔化速度和重量变化数据，并计算出形成的合金液面在结晶器12中的位置。同时，长度传感器8和位置传感器9将获取的长度信息和位置信息实时反馈至控制系统10，经控制系统10的分析处理，得到线材17的喂线长度和喂线速度数据，以及绝缘套管5的下端在结晶器12中的位置；然后根据合金液面和绝缘套管5的下端在结晶器12中的位置数据，自动调节升降机3，使绝缘套管5与合金液面的距离保持恒定；根据电极14的熔化速度和重量变化数据，以及线材17喂线长度与喂线速度数据，自动控制喂线机2的喂线速度，使线材17均匀地喂入合金液中。电渣结束后，停止喂线机2，退出绝缘套管5，同时退线，使线材17和绝缘套管5离开结晶器12，结束喂线程序。
本发明通过控制系统10对获取的重量信息、长度信息和位置信息，进行分析处理得到结晶器12中的合金液面高度、喂线长度、速度和绝缘套管5在结晶器12中的位置，根据处理结果实时调节喂线机2的喂线速度和绝缘套管5的位置，从而达到喂线均匀、绝缘套管5与合金液面的距离恒定的效果；同时绝缘套管5能有效地隔开结晶器12与电极14，从而避免短路，损坏结晶器 12。
应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施方式中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施方式的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施方式或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种喂线装置，其特征在于，包括：喂线机、升降机、绝缘套管、长度传感器、位置传感器、称重传感器和控制系统；
    所述称重传感器用于获取电渣炉的电极的重量信息；
    所述喂线机设于电渣炉的结晶器的上方，所述绝缘套管安装于所述升降机上，并被配置成可插入所述电渣炉的结晶器内；
    所述长度传感器和位置传感器，至少分别用于获取所述线材的喂线长度信息和所述绝缘套管在电渣炉的结晶器中的位置信息；
    所述称重传感器、长度传感器、位置传感器、喂线机和升降机均与所述控制系统连接，所述控制系统至少用于获取并处理所述重量信息、长度信息和位置信息，并向所述喂线机和升降机反馈控制指令。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的喂线装置，其特征在于，所述喂线装置还设有至少一套调直机，所述调直机位于所述喂线机和绝缘套管之间。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的喂线装置，其特征在于，所述调直机包括安装板和若干调直轮，所述安装板上设有若干调节腰形孔，所述调直轮通过所述调节腰形孔安装于安装板上，所述调直轮之间界定形成调直通道。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的喂线装置，其特征在于，所述喂线装置还设有放线架，所述放线架邻近所述喂线机设置。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的喂线装置，其特征在于，所述喂线装置还设有出线导管，所述出线导管设于所述喂线机和调直机之间。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的喂线装置，其特征在于，所述绝缘套管具有在竖直方向上下移动的自由度。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的喂线装置，其特征在于，所述绝缘套管被配置成将所述线材导入电渣炉的结晶器内。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的喂线喂线装置，其特征在于，所述喂线机包括喂线机架、传动装置和导向管，所述传动装置安装于所述喂线机架上，所述传 动装置包括减速机、喂线主动轮和喂线从动轮；所述喂线主动轮安装于所述减速机上，所述喂线从动轮配合安装于所述喂线主动轮的一侧，所述喂线主动轮和喂线从动轮之间界定形成传动通道，所述导向管配合安装于所述传动通道的两侧。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的喂线装置，其特征在于，所述的减速机、喂线主动轮和喂线从动轮至少设有二套。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的喂线装置，其特征在于，所述升降机包括伺服电机、滑动导轨、丝杆、滑动平台；所述伺服电机与所述丝杆连接，所述丝杆安装于所述滑动导轨上，所述滑动平台安装在所述滑动导轨上。
  11. 一种电渣炉，包括主体和喂线装置，所述主体包括立柱、电极和结晶器，其特征在于，所述喂线装置包括喂线机、升降机、绝缘套管、长度传感器、位置传感器、称重传感器和控制系统；
    所述称重传感器用于获取所述电极的重量信息；
    所述喂线机设于电渣炉的结晶器的上方，所述绝缘套管安装于所述升降机上，并被配置成可插入所述结晶器内；
    所述长度传感器和位置传感器，分别用于获取所述线材的喂线长度信息和所述绝缘套管在结晶器中的位置信息；
    所述称重传感器、长度传感器、位置传感器、喂线机和升降机均与所述控制系统连接，所述控制系统用于获取并处理所述重量信息、长度信息和位置信息，并向所述喂线机和升降机反馈控制指令。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电渣炉，其特征在于，所述主体还包括电极支架和电机，所述电极支架和电机连接，所述电极支架安装于所述立柱上，所述电极安装于电极支架上。
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CN205295384U (zh) * 2015-11-26 2016-06-08 扬州华露机电制造有限公司 一种四流喂丝机
CN110938746A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-03-31 龙南龙钇重稀土科技股份有限公司 一种喂线装置及具有该装置的电渣炉
CN111041157A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-21 龙南龙钇重稀土科技股份有限公司 一种电渣炉喂线方法

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