WO2021134355A1 - 压力卸放阀及麻醉机 - Google Patents

压力卸放阀及麻醉机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021134355A1
WO2021134355A1 PCT/CN2019/130189 CN2019130189W WO2021134355A1 WO 2021134355 A1 WO2021134355 A1 WO 2021134355A1 CN 2019130189 W CN2019130189 W CN 2019130189W WO 2021134355 A1 WO2021134355 A1 WO 2021134355A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
port
pressure relief
valve body
force
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/130189
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邬学涛
陈培涛
Original Assignee
深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 filed Critical 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司
Priority to CN201980101447.9A priority Critical patent/CN114599904A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2019/130189 priority patent/WO2021134355A1/zh
Publication of WO2021134355A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021134355A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00—Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a pressure relief valve and an anesthesia machine.
  • the anesthesia machine has the function of delivering anesthetics and maintaining the patient's ventilation during the operation of the patient. It plays a vital role in whether the operation can be carried out normally and the safety of the patient. Therefore, the anesthesia machine needs to be self-checked in many aspects before working. .
  • the gas leakage of the anesthesia machine is not only related to the safety of the patient, but also may have an adverse effect on the doctor. Therefore, the leakage self-check is a very important part of the self-check before the anesthesia machine works.
  • the leakage self-check usually includes the leak self-check in the machine-controlled state and the leak self-check in the manual state.
  • the anesthesia machine can already realize the automatic self-check in the machine-controlled state.
  • the manual circuit of the anesthesia machine contains an adjustable pressure relief valve (referred to as APL valve, Adjustable Pressure Limiting valve).
  • APL valve Adjustable Pressure Limiting valve
  • the doctor needs to manually adjust the APL valve to greater than 30cmH 2 before the manual state self-check.
  • the pressure limit value of O can then complete the leakage self-check process in the manual state, and after the self-check is completed, the doctor usually needs to manually adjust the APL valve to the SP position for the patient's pre-operation induction and other processes.
  • the embodiments of the present application expect to provide a pressure relief valve and an anesthesia machine that can realize automatic control and manual control.
  • the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a pressure relief valve, which includes an operating portion, a valve body, a valve seat, an electric control portion, and a valve core assembly; at least part of the structure of the operating portion is provided in the The valve body is outside; the valve seat has a valve port; the valve core assembly includes a valve plate and a first elastic member, the first elastic member can be driven by the operating part to apply the direction of the valve plate The force of the valve port; the electric control portion selectively inputs a driving force to the valve core assembly, the valve seat or the operating portion to change the interaction force between the valve plate and the valve port.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an anesthesia machine, including a breathing circuit, a manual branch, and a controller, the manual branch is connected to the breathing circuit; the manual branch includes the above-mentioned pressure relief valve, The pressure relief valve adjusts the air pressure in the manual branch; the controller is electrically connected with the electric control part to control the electric control part to input the driving force.
  • the APL valve of the embodiment of the present application includes an automatic state and a manual control state.
  • the electric control unit inputs the above-mentioned driving force, and the valve plate closes the valve port under the action of the driving force to form a predetermined valve sealing force.
  • the electric control unit has no power input, and the valve sealing force of the valve plate is determined by the above-mentioned first elastic member.
  • the anesthesia machine can control the electric control unit to input the driving force through the system program, and the APL valve is switched from the manual state to the automatic state.
  • manual intervention of the APL valve is not required, and the anesthesia machine can realize automatic leakage self-inspection.
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified structural diagram of the APL valve according to the first embodiment of the application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure shown in Fig. 1 in another state
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified structural diagram of the APL valve according to the second embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a simplified structural diagram of the APL valve according to the third embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 5 is a simplified structural diagram of an APL valve according to a fourth embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure shown in Fig. 5 in another state
  • Fig. 7 is a simplified structural diagram of an APL valve according to a fifth embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a simplified structural diagram of an APL valve according to a sixth embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 9 is a simplified structural diagram of an APL valve according to a seventh embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a simplified structural diagram of an APL valve according to an eighth embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 11 is a simplified structural diagram of an APL valve according to a ninth embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 12 is a simplified structural diagram of an APL valve according to a tenth embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure shown in FIG. 12 in another state
  • FIG. 15 is a simplified structural diagram of an APL valve according to a twelfth embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 16 is a simplified schematic diagram of the air circuit of an anesthesia machine according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a pressure relief valve (hereinafter referred to as an APL valve for short).
  • APL valve includes an operating portion 3, a valve body 11, a valve seat 12, an electric control portion, and a valve core assembly. At least part of the structure of the operating portion 3 is arranged outside the valve body 11 to facilitate manual operation by the user; the valve seat 12 has a valve port 12a; the valve core assembly includes a valve disc 21 and a first elastic member 22, the first elastic member 22 can be operated Driven by the portion 3, a force is applied to the valve plate 21 toward the valve port 12a. It should be noted that the first elastic member 22 can directly act on the valve disc 21, or can act on the valve disc 21 indirectly through other structures, which is not limited here.
  • the electric control part selectively inputs a driving force to the valve core assembly, the valve seat 12 or the operating part 3 to change the interaction force between the valve plate 21 and the valve port 12a.
  • the force of the valve disc 21 acting on the valve port 12a is also called the valve sealing force.
  • the APL valve is connected to the gas path, and the force of the air pressure entering the valve port 12a on the valve plate 21 is opposite to the direction of the valve sealing force.
  • the valve plate 21 When the force of the air pressure entering the valve port 12a on the valve plate 21 is less than or equal to the valve sealing force, the valve plate 21 will not be pushed open, that is, the valve port 12a is in a closed state; when the air pressure entering the valve port 12a acts on the valve
  • the force formed by the sheet 21 is greater than the valve sealing force, the valve sheet 21 is pushed open, and the excess gas is discharged through the valve port 12a.
  • the APL valve plays a role of pressure relief.
  • the electric control section refers to automatically inputting the above-mentioned driving force after receiving an electric signal, and manual operation is not required.
  • the APL valve includes an automatic state and a manual control state.
  • the electric control unit inputs the above-mentioned driving force, and the valve plate 21 closes the valve port 12a under the action of the driving force to form a predetermined valve sealing force.
  • the electric control part has no power input, and the valve closing force of the valve plate 21 is determined by the above-mentioned first elastic member 22.
  • the user manually operates the operating part 3, and the operating part 3 forces the first elastic member 22
  • the expansion and contraction changes the pre-tightening force exerted by the first elastic member 22 on the valve disc 21, which also changes the valve sealing force between the valve disc 21 and the valve port 12a. It should be noted that when the pretensioning force of the first elastic member 22 on the valve disc 21 is 0, the valve disc 21 can abut against the valve port 12a under the action of its own gravity.
  • the application field of the APL valve in the embodiment of the present application is not limited, and the embodiment of the present application is described by taking the application of the APL valve in an anesthesia machine as an example.
  • the anesthesia machine includes a breathing circuit 3000, a manual branch 1000, a controller 6000, and the APL valve 100 of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the manual branch 1000 is connected with the breathing circuit 3000
  • the APL valve 100 is set on the manual branch 1000 to adjust the air pressure on the manual branch 1000
  • the controller 6000 is electrically connected with the electric control unit to control the electric control unit to input drive force. That is, the controller 6000 controls the APL valve 100 to switch between the automatic state and the manual state.
  • the anesthesia machine can control the electric control unit to input the driving force through the system program, and the APL valve is switched from the manual state to the automatic state.
  • the size of the driving force can be set by the system program, or it can be preset by other structures.
  • the system program only controls the state switching of the APL valve.
  • the valve sealing force needs to ensure that the air pressure in the manual branch 1000 cannot push the valve plate 21 off.
  • the electric control unit stops the power input, the above-mentioned driving force disappears, and the APL valve switches from the automatic state to the manual state.
  • the APL valve is only effective during manual breathing and can be used to adjust the upper limit of the inspiratory pressure.
  • a storage airbag 200 is provided on the manual branch 1000. When the user's manual pinching of the storage airbag 200 is too strong, the APL valve can discharge excess gas to prevent airway pressure injury.
  • the anesthesia machine can support both a machine control mode and a manual control mode.
  • the anesthesia machine further includes a machine-controlled branch 2000 and a manual machine-controlled switching valve 5000.
  • the manual machine-controlled switching valve 5000 can selectively connect the breathing circuit 3000 to the machine-controlled branch 2000 or the manual branch 1000.
  • the machine control mode the machine control branch 2000 is connected to the breathing circuit 3000; in the manual mode, the manual branch 1000 is connected to the breathing circuit 3000.
  • the anesthesia machine can automatically switch the APL valve to the automatic state through the system program setting, so that the anesthesia machine automatically completes the leak self-check in the manual mode. It can be seen that, During the leakage self-checking process of the anesthesia machine, no manual intervention of the APL valve is required, and automatic leakage self-checking can be realized.
  • connection method of the valve body 11 and the valve seat 12 is not limited, and may be a fixed connection, such as a threaded connection, or the like, or a movable connection.
  • valve plate 21 is disposed between the valve body 11 and the valve port 12a, and there is relative movement between the valve plate 21 and the valve port 12a, so as to be able to selectively open or close the valve port 12a.
  • valve sealing force needs to be kept in a proper range. If the valve sealing force is small, when there is a little pressure fluctuation in the manual branch, the valve plate 21 is very likely to be opened. If the valve sealing force is too large, the valve opening 12a may be deformed, excessive wear, etc. For example, 28 cmH 2 O to 35 cmH 2 O.
  • the valve body 11 and the valve seat 12 are fixedly connected, that is, there is no relative movement between the valve body 11 and the valve seat 12, the valve body 11 has a flexible structure 110, and the valve disc 21 and the flexible structure 110 connections.
  • the flexible structure 110 may be a diaphragm or the like, and the flexible structure 110 can be elastically deformed under the action of an external force to drive the valve disc 21 to move.
  • the above-mentioned first elastic member 22 may act on the flexible structure 110 to apply a force to the valve disc 21 through the flexible structure 110.
  • other structural members may also be provided in the valve body 11. It is sufficient that an elastic member 22 abuts the structural member on the flexible structure 110.
  • valve body 11 and the valve seat 12 are separated, and the valve body 11 and the valve seat 12 can move relative to each other.
  • the valve core assembly also includes a drive rod body 25.
  • the valve body 11 is provided with a mounting hole 11f.
  • the drive rod body 25 is slidably inserted in the mounting hole 11f.
  • the first elastic member 22 applies a direction toward the valve port 12a to the valve plate 21 through the drive rod body 25. Force.
  • the valve body 11 and the valve seat 12 can be slidably connected by a mounting bracket (not shown).
  • the valve plate 21 may be movably arranged on the mounting bracket, and act on the valve plate 21 through the drive rod body 25.
  • valve port 12a is circular, and the end surface of the valve plate 21 for sealing the valve port 12a is generally circular.
  • the operating part 3 is a knob cover.
  • the end of the valve body 11 away from the valve seat 12 is opened.
  • the knob cover is arranged on the outside of the valve body 11 and covers the open side of the valve body 11.
  • the knob cover and the valve The body 11 is rotatably connected to adjust the pretension force of the first elastic member 22 on the valve disc 21.
  • the first elastic member 22 is directly or indirectly driven to expand and contract, thereby changing the pretension force of the first elastic member 22 on the valve plate 21.
  • the APL valve is in the SP position, that is, the pre-tightening force of the first elastic member 22 on the valve plate 21 is almost zero, and the valve plate 21 rests on the valve port 12a by its own weight.
  • This state can be used for the patient's pre-operation induction and other processes, that is, the user does not need to manually adjust the APL valve after the leakage self-check is over.
  • valve body 11 is fixedly connected to the valve seat 12
  • the side of the valve body 11 facing the valve seat 12 has a flexible structure 110
  • the valve disc 21 is connected to the flexible structure 110
  • the valve disc 21 It is arranged between the valve body 11 and the valve port 12a.
  • the valve body 11 has a containing cavity 11a, which is a relatively closed space.
  • the valve body 11 has a first port 11b communicating with the above-mentioned accommodating cavity 11a.
  • the position of the first port 11b is not limited.
  • the first port 11b is disposed on the side of the valve body 11 facing the valve seat 12.
  • the electric control unit includes a first solenoid valve 41.
  • the first solenoid valve 41 includes a first air inlet 41a communicating with an air source and a first working port 41b communicating with the first port 11b.
  • the first solenoid valve 41 can selectively The first working port 41b and the first air inlet 41a are connected to introduce driving gas into the accommodating cavity 11a, so that the driving gas exerts a driving force on the valve plate 21.
  • first solenoid valve 41 can selectively conduct the first working port 41b and the first air inlet 41a, which means that the first solenoid valve 41 can conduct the first working port 41b and the first working port 41b.
  • An air inlet 41a may not be connected to the first working port 41b and the first air inlet 41a.
  • the gas source can be any gas source with a certain pressure, and the type of gas source is not limited. For example, it can be any one or more of oxygen, air, and laughing gas, or other types of gas sources. No restrictions.
  • the first working port 41b may be connected to the first port 11b through the first pipeline 401, or the first solenoid valve 41 may be directly installed at the first port 11b, which is not limited here.
  • the APL valve When the anesthesia machine needs to perform the leakage self-check under the manual control state, the APL valve is in the automatic state. Please refer to Figure 1.
  • the controller 6000 controls the first solenoid valve 41 to be energized, and the first solenoid valve 41 conducts the first air inlet. 41a and the first working port 41b, the gas from the gas source enters the containing chamber 11a through the first solenoid valve 41.
  • the driving gas establishes a certain pressure in the accommodating chamber 11a, which acts on the flexible structure 110 to force the flexible structure 110 to bulge toward the valve port 12a, thereby pressing the valve plate 21 against the valve port 12a, and the valve plate 21 and
  • the valve sealing force between the valve ports 12a depends on the air pressure in the accommodating cavity 11a. Therefore, the valve sealing force can be controlled by controlling the air pressure in the accommodating cavity 11a.
  • the air pressure in the accommodating chamber 11a needs to ensure that the valve plate 21 will not be pushed open by the working gas leaked during the self-checking process.
  • the APL valve includes a pressure release port 43 that communicates with the accommodating cavity 11a to maintain the air pressure in the accommodating cavity 11a at the target air pressure.
  • the pressure release port 43 may be provided at any suitable position.
  • the pressure release port 43 is provided on the first pipeline 401 between the first solenoid and the first port 11b.
  • the gas in the accommodating cavity 11 a can be discharged through the pressure release port 43.
  • the aperture of the pressure release port 43 is matched with the pressure of the air source. Specifically, referring to FIG. 1, when the first solenoid valve 41 is connected to the first air inlet 41a and the first working port 41b, the gas from the gas source enters the containing chamber 11a, and part of the gas in the containing chamber 11a is released by pressure.
  • the port 43 is discharged, that is, the gas flow into the containing chamber 11a and the gas flow discharged through the pressure release port 43 need to establish a dynamic balance to maintain the gas pressure in the containing chamber 11a within the target gas pressure range.
  • the driving gas in the above-mentioned accommodating cavity 11a needs to be discharged from the accommodating cavity 11a, so that the air pressure in the accommodating cavity 11a is maintained at atmospheric pressure.
  • the above-mentioned first solenoid valve 41 does not conduct the first air inlet 41a and the first working port 41b, that is, when the air is no longer filled into the containing chamber 11a, the existing gas in the containing chamber 11a will slowly The ground is discharged from the pressure release port 43 until the pressure in the accommodating chamber 11a is atmospheric pressure.
  • the gas discharged from the pressure release port 43 may be directly discharged to the atmosphere, or may be connected to the exhaust gas system of the anesthesia machine through a pipeline to avoid polluting the indoor environment.
  • the driving gas in the accommodating cavity 11a can be quickly discharged through the first solenoid valve 41.
  • the first solenoid valve 41 further includes a first exhaust port 41c, and the first solenoid valve 41 selectively connects the first air inlet 41a with the first working port 41b, or connects the first working port 41b with The first exhaust port 41c is conducted to release the pressure of the accommodating cavity 11a.
  • the first solenoid valve 41 is energized, and the first air inlet 41a is in communication with the first working port 41b. At this time, the first air outlet 41c is in the cut-off state, and the air source The gas enters the accommodating cavity 11a through the first solenoid valve 41.
  • the first solenoid valve 41 is de-energized, and the first exhaust port 41c is connected with the first working port 41b to lead out the driving gas in the containing chamber 11a.
  • the air inlet 41a is in a blocked state.
  • the air pressure in the accommodating chamber 11a can be quickly released through the first exhaust port 41c, and the APL valve can be switched to a manual state in a short time.
  • the structure of this embodiment is mostly the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the pressure release port 43 is provided on the second pipeline 402 communicating with the containing cavity 11a.
  • valve body 11 the valve seat 12 and the valve core assembly is generally the same as the first embodiment, the difference is: in this embodiment, another solenoid valve Achieve rapid exhaust.
  • the APL valve includes a second solenoid valve 42, which includes a second intake port 42a and a second exhaust port 42b.
  • the second intake port 42a is in communication with the first port 11b, and the second exhaust port 42b can be directly connected. Exhaust to the surrounding environment can also be connected to the exhaust system of the anesthesia machine through a pipeline.
  • the second solenoid valve 42 selectively blocks the passage between the second intake port 42a and the second exhaust port 42b, or connects the second intake port 42a and the second exhaust port 42b to the receiving chamber. 11a Pressure relief.
  • the first solenoid valve 41 When the APL valve is in the automatic state, please refer to Figure 5, the first solenoid valve 41 is energized, the first solenoid valve 41 conducts the first air inlet 41a and the first working port 41b, and the second solenoid valve 42 is de-energized. The passage between the second air inlet 42a and the second air outlet 42b of the two solenoid valves 42 is blocked. At this time, the first solenoid valve 41 is inflated into the accommodating cavity 11a.
  • the first solenoid valve 41 When the APL valve is in the manual state, please refer to Figure 6, the first solenoid valve 41 is de-energized, the passage between the first air inlet 41a and the first working port 41b is cut off, the second solenoid valve 42 is energized, and the second solenoid valve The valve 42 conducts the second air inlet 42a and the second air outlet 42b to lead out the driving gas in the containing cavity 11a, so as to realize rapid pressure relief of the containing cavity 11a. That is, in this embodiment, the first solenoid valve 41 plays the role of an on-off valve, and the second solenoid valve 42 also plays the role of an on-off valve.
  • the main structure of the valve body 11, the valve seat 12 and the valve core assembly is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the difference is: in this embodiment, the type of the first solenoid valve 41 and the accommodation
  • the air pressure control method in the cavity 11a is different.
  • the APL valve includes a pressure sensor 47 that detects the air pressure in the accommodating cavity 11a.
  • the position of the pressure sensor 47 is not limited, and it can be in the accommodating cavity 11a or between the first working port 41b and the first port 11b.
  • the first pipeline 401 may also be provided on other pipelines communicating with the accommodating cavity 11a, which is not limited here.
  • the first solenoid valve 41 can adjust its spool opening according to the detection result of the pressure sensor 47.
  • the first solenoid valve 41 is an electro-proportional valve, which can control its own valve core opening according to an electrical signal to control the flow of gas passing through the first solenoid valve 41.
  • the pressure sensor 47 detects the pressure in the accommodating cavity 11a, and the controller receives the detection result of the pressure sensor 47, and controls the spool opening of the first solenoid valve 41 according to the detection result. Specifically, when the air pressure in the accommodating chamber 11a gradually increases, the spool opening of the first solenoid valve 41 can be adaptively reduced. When the air pressure in the accommodating chamber 11a is within the target air pressure range, the first solenoid valve 41 The valve core is closed, and the gas in the containing chamber 11a is in a squeezed state. At this time, the containing chamber 11a is neither inflated nor exhausted.
  • the pressure release port 43 can be used. Slowly release the pressure.
  • the exhaust can also be exhausted through the second solenoid valve 42 in the fourth embodiment, or the exhaust can be exhausted through the first solenoid valve 41 itself.
  • the first solenoid valve 41 is a three-position three-way solenoid valve.
  • the first solenoid valve 41 is in the first working position, and the first working port 41b is connected to the first working port 41b.
  • An exhaust port 41c is connected, and the air pressure in the accommodating cavity 11a is atmospheric pressure.
  • the first solenoid valve 41 is energized, the first solenoid valve 41 is in the second working position, the first air inlet 41a is in communication with the first working port 41b, and the housing cavity 11a is inflated through the first solenoid valve 41, and in the second working position
  • the spool opening of the first solenoid valve 41 can be adjusted.
  • the first solenoid valve 41 is in the third working position, and the first working port 41b, the first air inlet 41a, and the first air outlet 41c are all blocked.
  • the valve body 11 has a second port 11d communicating with the accommodating cavity 11a.
  • the APL valve includes a sealing plate 44 and a second elastic member (not shown).
  • the sealing plate 44 is disposed on the valve body 11 At the outer second port 11d, a second elastic member is connected between the sealing plate 44 and the valve body 11 to drive the sealing plate 44 to move.
  • the sealing plate 44 includes a closed position for closing the second port 11d and a avoiding position for avoiding the second port 11d; when the air pressure in the containing cavity 11a is greater than or equal to the first preset value, the sealing plate 44 is switched from the closed position to the avoiding position; When the air pressure in the accommodating cavity 11a is less than the first preset value, the second elastic member drives the sealing plate 44 to switch from the avoiding position to the closed position.
  • the air pressure in the accommodating cavity 11a mainly depends on the elastic force of the second elastic member and the area of the second port 11d. Specifically, the air pressure in the accommodating cavity 11a exerts a downward force F1 on the sealing plate 44 in FIG. 8.
  • the magnitude of the force F1 is the area of the second port 11d multiplied by the air pressure in the accommodating cavity 11a, and the second elastic member A force F2 is applied to the sealing plate 44 upward in FIG. 8.
  • F2 is greater than F1
  • the sealing plate 44 is in the closed position.
  • the above-mentioned first preset value is within the above-mentioned target air pressure range.
  • the exhaust can be exhausted through the first solenoid valve 41 or exhausted through the second solenoid valve 42 in the first embodiment, which is not limited here.
  • the second elastic element is not limited, as long as it can drive the sealing plate 44 to move.
  • the second elastic element is a torsion spring
  • the second elastic element is a compression spring.
  • the spring is arranged on the outside of the valve body 11, one end of the compression spring abuts and connects with the valve body 11 assembly, and the other end of the compression spring abuts on the side of the sealing plate 44 away from the accommodating cavity 11a.
  • the second elastic member is a tension spring
  • the tension spring is arranged in the accommodating cavity 11a, one end of the tension spring is connected to the valve body 11, and the other end of the tension spring is connected to the side of the sealing plate 44 facing the accommodating cavity 11a , The tension spring exerts a tension on the sealing plate 44.
  • the specific shape of the sealing plate 44 is not limited, and may be a flat plate shape, an umbrella shape, or the like.
  • valve body 11 is fixedly connected to the valve seat 12, the valve body 11 is a flexible structure 110, the valve disc 21 is connected to the flexible structure 110, and the valve disc 21 is disposed between the valve body 11 and the valve port 12a.
  • electromagnetic force is used as the above-mentioned driving force.
  • the electric control part includes a first magnetic attraction member 451 and a first magnetic matching member 452 arranged in the valve body 11, the valve core assembly includes a limiting member 23, an end of the first elastic member 22 away from the valve plate 21 and the limiting member 23 Abut, one of the first magnetic matching member 452 and the first magnetic attraction member 451 is connected to the limiting member 23, and the other of the first magnetic matching member 452 and the first magnetic attraction member 451 is connected to the valve body 11 or Part 3 is connected; the first magnetic attraction member 451 can form a driving force with the first magnetic matching member 452 in the energized state, and the driving force drives the limiting member 23 to move toward the valve plate 21 to increase the pair of the first elastic member 22 The pre-tightening force of the valve disc 21.
  • the first magnetic attraction member 451 and the first magnetic matching member 452 may attract each other or repel each other.
  • the first magnetic matching member 452 is made of a ferromagnetic member or a magnetic attraction member.
  • the specific material of the ferromagnetic part is not limited, as long as it is a ferromagnetic material that can be attracted by a magnet, such as iron-based materials, cobalt-based materials, nickel-based materials, and the like.
  • the first magnetic matching member 452 and the first magnetic attraction member 451 repel each other, the first magnetic matching member 452 is a permanent magnet or a magnetic attraction member.
  • the first magnetic attraction member 451 can be made of soft iron or silicon steel material that demagnetizes quickly. In this way, the first magnetic attraction member 451 can be quickly magnetized when power is turned on, and demagnetized quickly after power is off.
  • the first magnetic attraction member 451 is provided on the valve body 11 and the first magnetic matching member 452 is provided on the limiting member 23 as an example for description.
  • the first magnetic attraction member 451 is arranged on the side of the first magnetic matching member 452 close to the valve seat 12, so that when both When the attraction force is generated, the first magnetic attraction member 451 can attract the limiting member 23 to drive the first elastic member 22 to move toward the valve seat 12, thereby pressing the valve plate 21 against the valve port 12a.
  • the first magnetic attraction member 451 When a repulsive force is generated between the first magnetic attraction member 451 and the first magnetic matching member 452, the first magnetic attraction member 451 is arranged on the side of the first magnetic matching member 452 away from the valve seat 12, so that when both When a repulsive force is generated, the first magnetic attraction member 451 can push the limiting member 23 to drive the first elastic member 22 to move toward the valve seat 12, thereby pressing the valve plate 21 against the valve port 12a.
  • the first magnetic attraction member 451 and the first magnetic matching member 452 can be implemented by using electromagnets, permanent magnets, magnetic coils, etc. that can attract each other.
  • the permanent magnet and the limiting member 23 may be an integrally formed structure, that is, the limiting member 23 is also magnetic.
  • the structure of this embodiment is mostly the same as that of the seventh embodiment, except that the installation positions of the magnetic attraction member and the magnetic matching member are different.
  • the electric control unit includes a second magnetic attraction member 461 and a second magnetic matching member 462.
  • One of the second magnetic attraction member 461 and the second magnetic matching member 462 is disposed on the valve seat 12;
  • the other of the attraction member 461 and the second magnetic matching member 462 is connected to the valve core assembly or connected to the valve body 11;
  • the second magnetic attraction member 461 can form an attractive force with the second magnetic matching member 462 in the energized state,
  • the attractive force can increase the interaction force between the valve plate 21 and the valve port 12a.
  • the second magnetic attraction member 461 is provided on the valve seat 12 and the second magnetic matching member 462 is provided on the valve core assembly as an example for description.
  • the second magnetic attraction member 461 and the second magnetic matching member 462 may be implemented by using electromagnets, permanent magnets, magnetic coils, etc., which can attract each other.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the eighth embodiment is that the installation positions of the magnetic attraction member and the magnetic matching member are different, and the connection relationship between the valve body 11 and the valve seat 12 is different.
  • the magnetic attraction member and the magnetic matching member can be realized by using electromagnets, permanent magnets, magnetic coils, etc. that can attract each other.
  • the valve core assembly also includes a drive rod body 25.
  • the valve body 11 is provided with a mounting hole 11f.
  • the drive rod body 25 is slidably inserted in the mounting hole 11f.
  • the first elastic member 22 exerts a function on the valve plate 21 toward the valve port 12a through the drive rod body 25. force.
  • valve body 11 is fixed and the valve seat 12 moves; or it can be that the valve seat 12 is fixed and the valve body 11 moves.
  • valve body 11 is fixed and the valve seat 12 can move as an example for description.
  • the second magnetic attraction member 461 is disposed on the valve seat 12, and the second magnetic matching member 462 is disposed on the valve body 11.
  • an attraction force is formed between the second magnetic attraction member 461 and the second magnetic matching member 462, and the attraction force drives the valve seat 12 to move toward the valve body 11, so that the end of the driving rod body 25 abuts Connected to the valve disc 21, thereby generating valve sealing force.
  • valve body 11 is fixedly connected to the valve seat 12
  • the side of the valve body 11 facing the valve seat 12 has a flexible structure 110
  • the valve disc 21 is connected to the flexible structure 110
  • the valve disc 21 is disposed on the valve body 11. Between and valve port 12a.
  • the electric control part includes a linear motor 48
  • the valve core assembly includes a limiting member 23 arranged in the valve body 11, an end of the first elastic member 22 away from the valve plate 21 abuts against the limiting member 23, and the linear motor 48 is arranged on the operating part 3 and the limiting member 23, the linear motor 48 has a mover 481 capable of linear expansion and contraction; the mover 481 can push the limiting member 23 to move in the direction of the valve plate 21 to increase the impact of the first elastic member 22 on the valve plate 21 Preload.
  • the mover 481 of the linear motor 48 when the APL valve is in the automatic state, please refer to FIG. 13, the mover 481 of the linear motor 48 is in an extended state, and the mover 481 pushes the limiting member 23 to move downward in FIG. 13 to compress the first elastic member 22, The pre-tensioning force of the first elastic member 22 on the valve plate 21 increases, thereby increasing the valve sealing force between the valve plate 21 and the valve port 12a.
  • the extension length of the mover 481 of the linear motor 48 By controlling the extension length of the mover 481 of the linear motor 48, the valve sealing force between the valve plate 21 and the valve port 12a can be controlled.
  • the relative positional relationship among the valve body 11, the valve seat 12, and the valve core assembly in this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the tenth embodiment.
  • the difference is that the structure of the electronic control unit is different.
  • the specific structure of the operating portion 3 is the above-mentioned knob cover.
  • the electric control unit includes a first rotating electric machine 49', the first rotating electric machine 49' has a first rotating shaft 491, the circumferential surface of the first rotating shaft 491 is formed with a first transmission tooth structure 491a, and the circumference of the knob cover 3 A second transmission tooth structure 3b is formed on the facing surface.
  • the first transmission tooth structure 491a engages with the second transmission tooth structure 3b for transmission.
  • the first rotating shaft 491 drives the knob cover 3 to rotate to increase the pre-tension of the first elastic member 22 on the valve plate 21. Tight force.
  • the preload of the first elastic member 22 needs to be adjusted by turning the knob cover 3, that is, in the manual state, the first transmission tooth structure 491a and the second transmission tooth structure 3b Do not interfere with the rotation of the knob cover 3.
  • the first rotating shaft 491 when the motor is powered off, the first rotating shaft 491 can passively rotate forward and backward.
  • the first transmission tooth structure 491a and the second transmission tooth structure 3b are always in meshing state.
  • the shaft rotates forward
  • the first transmission gear structure 491a drives the knob cover 3 to rotate forward
  • the knob cover 3 linearly shifts along the bottom in FIG. 14 during the forward rotation
  • the knob cover 3 forces the first elastic member 22 compression.
  • the first rotating shaft 491 When the leakage self-check is over, the first rotating shaft 491 is reversed, and the first transmission gear structure 491a drives the knob cover 3 to reverse to the initial position. After that, the motor is powered off.
  • the second transmission tooth structure 3b drives the first transmission tooth structure 491a to rotate, and the first shaft 491 passively rotates forward or reverse.
  • the first transmission tooth structure 491a and the second transmission tooth structure 3b include an engaged state and a disengaged state, and the first rotating shaft 491 can reciprocate linearly so that the first transmission tooth structure 491a and the second transmission tooth structure 3b are in contact with each other.
  • Switch between the engaged state and the disengaged state that is, the first rotating shaft 491 can not only rotate, but can also move a short distance in the axial direction, so that the first transmission tooth structure 491a and the second transmission tooth structure 3b can be disengaged.
  • the first transmission tooth structure 491a and the second transmission tooth structure 3b are in an engaged state
  • in the manual state the first transmission tooth structure 491a and the second transmission tooth structure 3b are in a disengaged state.
  • the electric control unit includes a second rotating motor 49" and a conveyor belt 49'
  • the second rotating motor 49" has a second rotating shaft 492
  • the conveyor belt 49'" connects the second rotating shaft 492 and the knob cover 3
  • the second rotating shaft 492 drives the knob cover 3 to rotate through the conveyor belt 49'" to increase the pre-tensioning force of the first elastic member 22 on the valve plate 21.
  • the second rotating shaft 492 in the manual state, can also passively rotate forward or reverse to avoid interference with the knob cover 3 in the manual state.

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Abstract

一种压力卸放阀及麻醉机，压力卸放阀包括操作部（3）、阀体（11）、阀座（12）、电动控制部以及阀芯组件；操作部（3）的至少部分结构设置于阀体（11）外部；阀座（12）具有阀口（12a）；阀芯组件包括阀片（21）以及第一弹性件（22），第一弹性件（22）能够在操作部（3）的驱动下对阀片（21）施加朝向阀口（12a）的作用力；电动控制部选择性地向阀芯组件、阀座（12）或操作部（3）输入驱动力，以改变阀片（21）与阀口（12a）之间的相互作用力。APL阀，自动状态下，电动控制部输入驱动力，阀片（21）在驱动力的作用下封闭阀口（12a）；手动状态下，电动控制部无动力输入。当麻醉机泄露自检时，通过系统程序控制电动控制部输入驱动力，APL阀由手动状态切换至自动状态，无需人工干预APL阀，实现麻醉机全自动泄露自检。

Description

压力卸放阀及麻醉机 技术领域
本申请涉及医疗器械技术领域，尤其涉及一种压力卸放阀及麻醉机。
背景技术
麻醉机在病人手术过程中起到输送麻药及维持病人通气的功能，对手术是否能正常进行以及病人的安危起到至关重要的作用，因此，麻醉机在工作前需要进行多方面的自检。麻醉机气体泄露不仅关系到病人的安危，同时也可能对医生造成不利的影响，因此泄露自检是麻醉机工作前自检过程中非常重要的一个环节。
根据麻醉机的工作状态，泄露自检通常包含机控状态下的泄露自检及手动状态下的泄露自检，麻醉机已经可以实现机控状态下的全自动自检。麻醉机的手动回路中包含了可调压力卸放阀(简称为APL阀，Adjustable Pressure Limiting valve)，相关临床应用中，在手动状态自检前，医生需要提前手动将APL阀调整到大于30cmH 2O的压力限制值，才能接着完成手动状态下的泄露自检过程，而且在自检完毕之后，医生通常还需要手动将APL阀调整恢复到SP位，用于病人手术前的诱导等过程。也就是说，麻醉机的全自动化自检难以实现，手动状态的自检前后医生需要频繁操作APL阀，麻醉机自检过程的操作步骤较为复杂，如此不仅增加了医生的负担，也可能由于误操作对病人造成安全风险。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请实施例期望提供一种能够实现自动控制和手动控制的压力卸放阀及麻醉机。
为达到上述目的，本申请实施例的第一方面提供一种压力卸放阀，包括操作部、阀体、阀座、电动控制部以及阀芯组件；所述操作部的至少部分结构设置于所述阀体外部；所述阀座具有阀口；所述阀芯组件包括阀片以及第一弹性件，所述第一弹性件能够在所述操作部的驱动下对所述阀片施加朝向所述阀口的作用力；所述电动控制部选择性地向所述阀芯组件、阀座或操作部输入驱动力，以改变所述阀片与所述阀口之间的相互作用力。
本申请实施例的第二方面提供一种麻醉机，包括呼吸回路、手动支路以及控制器，所述手动支路与所述呼吸回路连接；所述手动支路包括上述的压力卸放阀，所述压力卸放阀对所述手动支路中的气压进行调节；所述控制器与所述电动控制部电连接以控制所述电动控制部输入所述驱动力。
本申请实施例的APL阀包括自动状态和手控状态，当APL阀处于自动状态，电动控制部输入上述的驱动力，阀片在驱动力的作用下封闭阀口以形成预定的封阀力。当APL阀处于手动状态，电动控制部无动力输入，阀片的封阀力由上述的第一弹性件决定。具体地，当麻醉机需要对包括手动支路在内的气路进行泄露自检时，麻醉机可以通过系统程序控制电动控制部输入驱动力，APL阀由手动状态切换至自动状态，在麻醉机的泄露自检过程中，无需人工干预APL阀，能够实现麻醉机全自动泄露自检。
附图说明
图1为本申请第一实施例的APL阀的简化结构示意图；
图2为图1所示结构另一状态下的示意图；
图3为本申请第二实施例的APL阀的简化结构示意图；
图4为本申请第三实施例的APL阀的简化结构示意图；
图5为本申请第四实施例的APL阀的简化结构示意图；
图6为图5所示结构另一状态下的示意图；
图7为本申请第五实施例的APL阀的简化结构示意图；
图8为本申请第六实施例的APL阀的简化结构示意图；
图9为本申请第七实施例的APL阀的简化结构示意图；
图10为本申请第八实施例的APL阀的简化结构示意图；
图11为本申请第九实施例的APL阀的简化结构示意图；
图12为本申请第十实施例的APL阀的简化结构示意图；
图13为图12所示结构另一状态下的示意图；
图14为本申请第十一实施例的APL阀的简化结构示意图；
图15为本申请第十二实施例的APL阀的简化结构示意图；
图16为本申请一实施例的麻醉机的气路的简化示意图。
附图标记说明
阀体11；阀座12；阀口12a；容纳腔11a；第一口11b；第二口11d；安装孔11f；柔性结构110；阀片21；第一弹性件22；限位件23；驱动杆体25；操作部3；第二传动齿结构3b；第一电磁阀41；第一进气口41a；第一工作口41b；第一排气口41c；第二电磁阀42；第二进气口42a；第二排气口42b；压力释放口43；封板44；第一磁引力件451；第一磁配合件452；第二磁引力件461；第二磁配合件462；压力传感器47；直线电机48；动子481；第一旋转电机49’；第一转轴491；第一传动齿结构491a；第二旋转电机49”；第二转轴492；传送带49’”；第一管路401；第二管路402；手动支路1000；机控支路2000；呼吸回路3000；手动机控切换阀5000；控制器6000；压力卸放阀100；储气囊200
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的技术特征可以相互组合，具体实施方式中的详细描述应理解为本申请宗旨的解释说明，不应视为对本申请的不当限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，“上”、“下”、方位或位置关系为基于附图1 所示的方位或位置关系，需要理解的是，这些方位术语仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
本申请实施例提供一种压力卸放阀(以下简称为APL阀)，请参阅图1，APL阀包括操作部3、阀体11、阀座12、电动控制部以及阀芯组件。操作部3的至少部分结构设置于阀体11外部，以便于用户手动操作；阀座12具有阀口12a；阀芯组件包括阀片21以及第一弹性件22，第一弹性件22能够在操作部3的驱动下对阀片21施加朝向阀口12a的作用力。需要说明的是，第一弹性件22可以直接作用力阀片21上，也可以通过其他结构间接地作用在阀片21上，在此不做限制。
电动控制部选择性地向阀芯组件、阀座12或操作部3输入驱动力，以改变阀片21与阀口12a之间的相互作用力。阀片21作用在阀口12a上的作用力也称为封阀力。
将APL阀连接在气路上，进入阀口12a的气压对阀片21形成的作用力与封阀力的方向相反。当进入阀口12a的气压对阀片21形成的作用力小于或等于该封阀力时，阀片21不会被顶开，即阀口12a处于关闭状态；当进入阀口12a的气压对阀片21形成的作用力大于该封阀力时，阀片21被顶开，多余的气体通过阀口12a排出，此时，APL阀起到泄压作用。
需要说明的是，所述的电动控制部指的是在接收电信号后自动地输入上述的驱动力，不需要人工操作。
具体地，APL阀包括自动状态和手控状态，当APL阀处于自动状态，电动控制部输入上述的驱动力，阀片21在驱动力的作用下封闭阀口12a以形成预定的封阀力。当APL阀处于手动状态，电动控制部无动力输入，阀片21的封阀力由上述的第一弹性件22决定，具体地，用户手动操作操作部3，操作部3迫使第一弹性件22伸缩，进而改变第一弹性件22对阀片 21施加的预紧力，也就改变了阀片21和阀口12a之间的封阀力。需要说明的是，当第一弹性件22对阀片21的预紧力为0时，阀片21可以在自身重力作用下抵靠在阀口12a上。
本申请实施例的APL阀的应用领域不限，本申请实施例以APL阀应用于麻醉机为例进行描述。
一实施例中，请参阅图16，麻醉机包括呼吸回路3000、手动支路1000、控制器6000以及本申请实施例的APL阀100。其中，手动支路1000与呼吸回路3000连接，APL阀100设置于手动支路1000上以对手动支路1000上的气压进行调节，控制器6000与电动控制部电连接以控制电动控制部输入驱动力。也就是说，控制器6000控制APL阀100在自动状态和手控状态之间切换。
具体地，当麻醉机需要对包括手动支路1000在内的气路进行泄露自检时，麻醉机可以通过系统程序控制电动控制部输入驱动力，APL阀由手动状态切换至自动状态，需要说明的是，驱动力的大小可以由系统程序设定，也可以由其他结构预先设定，系统程序只控制APL阀的状态切换。
在自动状态下，在泄露自检过程中，封阀力需要保证手动支路1000中的气压不能顶开阀片21。待泄露自检结束后，电动控制部停止动力输入，上述驱动力消失，APL阀由自动状态切换至手动状态。
需要说明的是，APL阀只在手动呼吸时有效，可用于调节吸气压力上限。具体地，手动支路1000上设置有储气囊200，当用户人工捏储气囊200的力度过大时，APL阀能够排泄多余气体，预防气道压伤。
需要说明的是，上述的麻醉机可以是既支持机控模式，也支持手控模式。一实施例中，麻醉机还包括机控支路2000以及手动机控切换阀5000，手动机控切换阀5000能够选择性地将呼吸回路3000连通机控支路2000或手动支路1000。机控模式下，机控支路2000与呼吸回路3000连通；手动 模式下，手动支路1000与呼吸回路3000连通。在麻醉机完成了机控模式下的自检后，麻醉机能够通过系统程序设定自动将APL阀切换至自动状态，以使得麻醉机自动完成手控模式下的泄露自检，由此可见，在麻醉机的泄露自检过程中，无需人工干预APL阀，能够实现全自动泄露自检。
上述的阀体11与阀座12的连接方式不限，可以是固定连接，例如通过螺纹连接等，也可以是活动连接。
阀片21设置于阀体11和阀口12a之间，阀片21与阀口12a之间具有相对运动，以能够选择性地打开或关闭阀口12a。
上述的封阀力需要保持在合适的范围，如果封阀力较小，则当手动支路中存在一点压力波动时，阀片21极有可能被顶开，如果封阀力太大，阀口12a可能出现变形、过度磨损等情况。例如，28cmH 2O～35cmH 2O。
例如，一些实施例中，请参阅图1，阀体11和阀座12固定连接，即阀体11和阀座12之间没有相对运动，阀体11具有柔性结构110，阀片21与柔性结构110连接。柔性结构110可以是膜片等，柔性结构110能够在外力作用下发生弹性形变以带动阀片21运动。需要说明的是，上述的第一弹性件22可以,作用于该柔性结构110上，通过柔性结构110对阀片21施加作用力，当然，也可以在阀体11内设置其他的结构件，第一弹性件22将结构件抵靠在柔性结构110上即可。
另一实施例中，请参阅图11，阀体11和阀座12分离，阀体11和阀座12能够相对运动。阀芯组件还包括驱动杆体25，阀体11开设有安装孔11f，驱动杆体25滑动地穿设于安装孔11f中，第一弹性件22通过驱动杆体25向阀片21施加朝向阀口12a的作用力。该实施例中，可以通过安装支架(图未示)将阀体11和阀座12进行滑动连接。阀片21可以是活动地设置于安装支架上，通过驱动杆体25作用在阀片21上。
示例性地，阀口12a呈圆形，阀片21用于密封阀口12a的端面大致呈 圆形。
示例性地，请参阅图1，操作部3为旋钮盖，阀体11背离阀座12的一端敞开，旋钮盖罩设于阀体11的外侧且遮盖阀体11的敞开侧，旋钮盖与阀体11转动连接以调整第一弹性件22对阀片21的预紧力。也就是说，旋钮盖转动过程中，会直接或间接地驱动第一弹性件22伸缩，进而改变第一弹性件22对阀片21的预紧力。
示例性地，当麻醉机泄露自检结束后，APL阀处于SP位，即第一弹性件22对阀片21的预紧力几乎为0，阀片21依靠自身重力抵靠在阀口12a上，该状态可用于病人手术前的诱导等过程，也就是说，泄露自检结束后无需用户再去手动调整APL阀。
形成上述驱动力形式不限，以下结合附图对本申请多种实施方式进行介绍。
第一实施例
请参阅图1和图2，该实施例中，阀体11与阀座12固定连接，阀体11朝向阀座12的一侧具有柔性结构110，阀片21与柔性结构110连接，阀片21设置于阀体11和阀口12a之间。
阀体11具有容纳腔11a，该容纳腔11a为相对封闭的空间。阀体11具有与上述的容纳腔11a连通的第一口11b。第一口11b的位置不限，例如，本实施例中，第一口11b设置于阀体11朝向阀座12的一侧。
电动控制部包括第一电磁阀41，第一电磁阀41包括与气源连通的第一进气口41a以及与第一口11b连通的第一工作口41b，第一电磁阀41能够选择性地导通第一工作口41b和第一进气口41a以向容纳腔11a中导入驱动气体，以使得驱动气体对阀片21施加驱动力。
需要说明的是，所述的第一电磁阀41能够选择性地导通第一工作口41b和第一进气口41a，指的是第一电磁阀41可以导通第一工作口41b和第一 进气口41a，也可以不导通第一工作口41b和第一进气口41a。
气源可以是任何带有一定压力的气源，气源的类型不限，例如，可以是氧气、空气、笑气中的任意一种或多种，还可以是其他类型的气源，在此不做限制。
第一工作口41b可以通过第一管路401与第一口11b连接，也可以将第一电磁阀41直接安装在第一口11b处，在此不做限制。
当麻醉机需要进行手控状态下的泄露自检时，APL阀处于自动状态，请参阅图1，控制器6000控制第一电磁阀41得电，第一电磁阀41导通第一进气口41a和第一工作口41b，气源的气体经第一电磁阀41进入容纳腔11a中。
驱动气体在容纳腔11a中建立一定的气压，该气压作用在柔性结构110上，迫使柔性结构110朝向阀口12a方向鼓出，进而将阀片21压靠在阀口12a上，阀片21和阀口12a之间的封阀力的大小取决于容纳腔11a中的气压大小，因此，控制容纳腔11a中的气压大小就可以控制封阀力。
需要说明的是，容纳腔11a中的气压需要保证泄露自检过程中阀片21不会被泄露自检的工作气体顶开。
麻醉机在泄露自检过程中，容纳腔11a中的气压需要相对稳定，不能产生较大的波动。为了将容纳腔11a中的气压保持在目标气压范围内，本实施例中，APL阀包括压力释放口43，压力释放口43与容纳腔11a连通，以将容纳腔11a内的气压维持在目标气压范围内。
压力释放口43可以设置在任何适当的位置，例如，请参阅图1和图2，压力释放口43设置于第一电磁和第一口11b之间的第一管路401上。
容纳腔11a中的气体可以通过压力释放口43排出。压力释放口43的孔径与气源的压力匹配设置。具体地，请参阅图1，当第一电磁阀41导通第一进气口41a和第一工作口41b后，气源的气体进入容纳腔11a，通过容 纳腔11a中的部分气体通过压力释放口43排出，也就是说，进入容纳腔11a中的气体流量和通过压力释放口43排出的气体流量需要建立起动态平衡，以将容纳腔11a中的气压维持在目标气压范围内。
为了防止上述的驱动气体对手动状态下的阀片21的运动造成干扰，在手动状态下，需要将上述的容纳腔11a中的驱动气体排出容纳腔11a，使得容纳腔11a内的气压保持为大气压。当上述的第一电磁阀41不导通第一进气口41a和第一工作口41b时，也就是说，不再向容纳腔11a中充气时，容纳腔11a中已有的气体会慢慢地从压力释放口43排出，直至容纳腔11a中的压力为大气压力。
需要说明的是，从压力释放口43排出的气体可以直接向大气排放，也可以通过管路接到麻醉机的废气系统，以避免污染室内环境。
一实施例中，可通过第一电磁阀41快速排出容纳腔11a中的驱动气体。具体地，第一电磁阀41还包括第一排气口41c，第一电磁阀41选择性地将第一进气口41a与第一工作口41b导通，或者，将第一工作口41b与第一排气口41c导通以对容纳腔11a泄压。在APL阀处于自动状态下，请参阅图1，第一电磁阀41得电，第一进气口41a与第一工作口41b连通，此时第一排气口41c处于截止状态，气源的气体通过第一电磁阀41进入容纳腔11a内。在APL阀处于手动状态下，请参阅图2，第一电磁阀41失电，第一排气口41c和第一工作口41b连通以将容纳腔11a中的驱动气体导出，此时，第一进气口41a处于截止状态。通过第一排气口41c能够快速释放容纳腔11a中的气压，APL阀能够在短时间内切换到手动状态。
第二实施例
请参阅图3，本实施例的结构大部分与第一实施例相同，与第一实施例不同的是：压力释放口43设置于与容纳腔11a连通的第二管路402上。
第三实施例
请参阅图4，本实施例的结构大部分与第一实施例相同，与第一实施例不同的是：压力释放口43设置于阀体11上。
第四实施例
请参阅图5和图6，本实施例中，阀体11、阀座12以及阀芯组件的主要结构大体与第一实施例相同，不同的是：本实施例中，通过另一电磁阀来实现快速排气。
APL阀包括第二电磁阀42，第二电磁阀42包括第二进气口42a和第二排气口42b，第二进气口42a与第一口11b连通，第二排气口42b可以直接向周围环境排气，也可以通过管路连接至麻醉机的废气系统。第二电磁阀42选择性地将第二进气口42a和第二排气口42b之间的通路截止，或者，将第二进气口42a和第二排气口42b导通以对容纳腔11a泄压。
当APL阀处于自动状态下，请参阅图5，第一电磁阀41得电，第一电磁阀41导通第一进气口41a和第一工作口41b，第二电磁阀42失电，第二电磁阀42的第二进气口42a和第二排气口42b之间的通路截止，此时，通过第一电磁阀41向容纳腔11a充气。
当APL阀处于手动状态下，请参阅图6，第一电磁阀41失电，第一进气口41a和第一工作口41b之间的通路截止，第二电磁阀42得电，第二电磁阀42导通第二进气口42a和第二排气口42b以将容纳腔11a中的驱动气体导出，实现对容纳腔11a的快速泄压。也就是说，该实施例中，第一电磁阀41充当开关阀的角色，第二电磁阀42也充当开关阀的角色。
第五实施例
请参阅图7，本实施方式中，阀体11、阀座12以及阀芯组件的主要结构大体与第一实施例相同，不同的是：本实施例中，第一电磁阀41的类型以及容纳腔11a中的气压控制方式不同。
具体地，APL阀包括检测容纳腔11a内的气压的压力传感器47，压力 传感器47的设置位置不限，可以在容纳腔11a内，也可以设置在第一工作口41b和第一口11b之间的第一管路401上，还可以设置在于容纳腔11a连通的其他管路上，在此不做限制。
第一电磁阀41能够根据压力传感器47的检测结果调节自身的阀芯开度。示例性地，第一电磁阀41为电比例阀，能够根据电信号控制自身的阀芯开度进而控制通过第一电磁阀41的气体流量。
压力传感器47检测容纳腔11a中的压力，控制器接收压力传感器47的检测结果，并根据该检测结果控制第一电磁阀41的阀芯开度。具体地，当容纳腔11a中的气压逐渐增大时，第一电磁阀41的阀芯开度可以适应性减小，当容纳腔11a中的气压位于目标气压范围内时，第一电磁阀41关闭阀芯，容纳腔11a中的气体处于憋压状态，此时容纳腔11a既不充气也不排气。
当APL阀要从自动状态切换至手动状态时，对容纳腔11a中的气体进行泄压的方式参见第一实施例，即在配置有压力释放口43的实施例中，可以通过压力释放口43慢慢释放压力。也可以是通过第四实施例中的第二电磁阀42排气，还可以通过第一电磁阀41本身来排气。
示例性地，第一电磁阀41为三位三通电磁阀，当第一电磁阀41失电时，请参阅图7，第一电磁阀41处于第一工作位，第一工作口41b与第一排气口41c连通，容纳腔11a中的气压为大气压。当第一电磁阀41得电，第一电磁阀41处于第二工作位，第一进气口41a和第一工作口41b连通，通过第一电磁阀41向容纳腔11a充气，在第二工作位时，第一电磁阀41的阀芯开度可以调节。当容纳腔11a中的气压位于目标气压范围时，第一电磁阀41处于第三工作位，第一工作口41b、第一进气口41a、第一排气口41c均截止。
第六实施例
本实施例的结构大部分与第一实施例相同，不同的是：本实施例中，容纳腔11a中的气压控制方式不同。
请参阅图8，本实施例中，阀体11具有与容纳腔11a连通的第二口11d，APL阀包括封板44以及第二弹性件(图未示)，封板44设置于阀体11外侧的第二口11d处，第二弹性件连接在封板44和阀体11之间以驱动封板44运动。
封板44包括封闭第二口11d的封闭位置以及避开第二口11d的避让位置；当容纳腔11a中的气压大于或等于第一预设值，封板44从封闭位置切换至避让位置；当容纳腔11a中的气压小于第一预设值，第二弹性件驱动封板44从避让位置切换至封闭位置。
也就是说，在该实施例例中，容纳腔11a中的气压主要取决于第二弹性件的弹力以及第二口11d的面积。具体地，容纳腔11a中的气压对封板44施加沿图8中向下的作用力F1，作用力F1的大小为第二口11d的面积乘以容纳腔11a中的气压，第二弹性件对封板44沿图8中向上的作用力F2。当容纳腔11a中的气压小于第一预设值时，F2大于F1，封板44处于封闭位置。当容纳腔11a中的气压等于第一预设值时，F2等于F1，封板44仍然处于封闭位置。当容纳腔11a中的大于第一预设值时，F2大于F1，封板44从封闭位置切换至避让位置，容纳腔11a中多余气体经第二口11d排出。
可以理解的是，上述的第一预设值位于上述的目标气压范围内。
当APL阀需要从自动状态切换至手段状态时，可以通过第一电磁阀41排气，或者通过第一实施方式中第二电磁阀42排气，在此不做限制。
第二弹性件的具体类型不限，只要能够驱动封板44运动即可，例如，一实施例中，第二弹性件为扭簧，另一实施例中，第二弹性件为压簧，压簧设置在阀体11的外侧，压簧的一端抵接与阀体11组件连接，压簧的另一端抵接在封板44背离容纳腔11a的一侧。再一实施例中，第二弹性件为 拉簧，拉簧设置在容纳腔11a内，拉簧的一端与阀体11连接，拉簧的另一端与封板44朝向容纳腔11a的一侧连接，拉簧对封板44施加拉力。
封板44的具体形状不限，可以是平板状，也可以是伞状等。
第七实施例
请参阅图9，该实施方式中，阀体11与阀座12固定连接，阀体11柔性结构110，阀片21与柔性结构110连接，阀片21设置于阀体11和阀口12a之间。本实施例中，将电磁力作为上述的驱动力。
电动控制部包括设置于阀体11内的第一磁引力件451和第一磁配合件452，阀芯组件包括限位件23，第一弹性件22远离阀片21的一端与限位件23抵接，第一磁配合件452和第一磁引力件451的其中之一与限位件23连接，第一磁配合件452和第一磁引力件451的其中另一与阀体11或操作部3连接；第一磁引力件451在通电状态下能够和第一磁配合件452之间形成驱动力，驱动力驱动限位件23朝向阀片21方向运动以增大第一弹性件22对阀片21的预紧力。
第一磁引力件451和第一磁配合件452之间可以是相互吸引，也可以是相互排斥。具体地，当第一磁引力件451和第一磁配合件452之间相互吸引的情况下，第一磁配合件452由铁磁件或者为磁引力件。铁磁件的具体材质不限，只要是能够被磁铁吸引的铁磁性物质即可，例如铁类物质、钴类物质、镍类物质等。当第一磁配合件452和第一磁引力件451之间相互排斥时，第一磁配合件452为永磁铁或者为磁引力件。
需要说明的是，第一磁引力件451可以采用消磁较快的软铁或硅钢材料制成，如此，第一磁引力件451在通电时能够快速磁化，断电后能够快速消磁。
本实施例中，以第一磁引力件451设置在阀体11上，第一磁配合件452设置在限位件23上为例进行描述。
在第一磁引力件451和第一磁配合件452之间产生吸引力的情况下，第一磁引力件451设置在第一磁配合件452靠近阀座12的一侧，如此，当两者产生吸引力时，第一磁引力件451能够吸引限位件23带动第一弹性件22朝向阀座12方向运动，进而将阀片21压靠在阀口12a上。
在第一磁引力件451和第一磁配合件452之间产生排斥力的情况下，第一磁引力件451设置在第一磁配合件452远离阀座12的一侧，如此，当两者产生排斥力时，第一磁引力件451能够推动限位件23带动第一弹性件22朝向阀座12方向运动，进而将阀片21压靠在阀口12a上。
具体实现时，第一磁引力件451和第一磁配合件452可以采用能相互吸引的电磁铁、永磁铁、磁性电圈等实现。
一实施例中，永磁铁和限位件23可以是一体成型结构，也就是说，限位件23也具有磁性。
第八实施例
本实施例的结构大部分与第七实施例相同，不同的是：磁引力件和磁配合件的安装位置不同。
请参阅图10，电动控制部包括第二磁引力件461和第二磁配合件462，第二磁引力件461和第二磁配合件462的其中之一设置于阀座12上；第二磁引力件461和第二磁配合件462的其中另一与阀芯组件连接或者与阀体11连接；第二磁引力件461在通电状态下能够和第二磁配合件462之间形成吸引力，吸引力能够增大阀片21和阀口12a之间的相互作用力。
具体地，本实施例中，以第二磁引力件461设置于阀座12上，第二磁配合件462设置于阀芯组件上为例进行描述。
当第二磁引力件461通电时，第二磁引力件461和第二磁配合件462之间形成吸引力，吸引力驱动阀片21朝向阀座12运动，以使得阀片21和阀座12之间产生封阀力。
同时，具体实现时，第二磁引力件461和第二磁配合件462可以采用能相互吸引的电磁铁、永磁铁、磁性电圈等实现。
第九实施例
本实施例与第八实施例不同的是：磁引力件和磁配合件的安装位置不同、阀体11和阀座12的连接关系不同。同上，磁引力件和磁配合件可以采用能相互吸引的电磁铁、永磁铁、磁性电圈等实现。
请参阅图11，阀体11和阀座12分离，阀体11和阀座12能够相对运动。阀芯组件还包括驱动杆体25，阀体11开设有安装孔11f驱动杆体25滑动地穿设于安装孔11f中，第一弹性件22通过驱动杆体25向阀片21施加朝向阀口12a的作用力。
可以是阀体11固定，阀座12运动；也可以是阀座12固定，阀体11运动。本实施例中，以阀体11固定，阀座12能够运动为例进行描述。
本实施例中，第二磁引力件461设置于阀座12上，第二磁配合件462设置于阀体11上。当第二磁引力件461通电时，第二磁引力件461和第二磁配合件462之间形成吸引力，吸引力驱动阀座12朝向阀体11运动，以使得驱动杆体25的端部抵接在阀片21上，进而产生封阀力。
第十实施例
请参阅图12和图13，阀体11与阀座12固定连接，阀体11朝向阀座12的一侧具有柔性结构110，阀片21与柔性结构110连接，阀片21设置于阀体11和阀口12a之间。
电动控制部包括直线电机48，阀芯组件包括设置于阀体11内的限位件23，第一弹性件22远离阀片21的一端与限位件23抵接，直线电机48设置于操作部3和限位件23之间，直线电机48具有能够直线伸缩的动子481；动子481能够推动限位件23朝向阀片21的方向运动以增大第一弹性件22对阀片21的预紧力。
具体地，当APL阀处于自动状态时，请参阅图13，直线电机48的动子481处于伸出状态，动子481推动限位件23朝向图13的下方运动，压缩第一弹性件22，第一弹性件22对阀片21的预紧力增大，进而增大阀片21与阀口12a之间的封阀力。通过控制直线电机48的动子481的伸出长度，可以控制阀片21与阀口12a之间的封阀力的大小。
需要说明的是，当APL需要切换至手动状态时，动子481沿图12的上方运动至图11所示的初始位置，以撤销动子481对限位件23的驱动力。
第十一实施例
本实施例中的阀体11、阀座12以及阀芯组件之间的相对位置关系大致与第十实施例相同。不同的是：电控控制部的结构不同。
本实施例中，操作部3的具体结构为上述的旋钮盖。
请参阅图14，电动控制部包括第一旋转电机49’，第一旋转电机49’具有第一转轴491，第一转轴491的周向表面形成有第一传动齿结构491a，旋钮盖3的周向表面形成有第二传动齿结构3b，第一传动齿结构491a与第二传动齿结构3b啮合传动，第一转轴491驱动旋钮盖3转动以增大第一弹性件22对阀片21的预紧力。
需要说明的是，在手动状态下，需要通过转动旋钮盖3来调整第一弹性件22的预紧力，也就是说，在手动状态下，第一传动齿结构491a与第二传动齿结构3b不能干涉旋钮盖3的转动。
为了避免第一转轴491和第一传动齿结构491a对手动状态下的旋钮盖3造成干涉，一实施例中，电机在断电状态下，第一转轴491能够被动地正转和反转，在自动状态和手动状态下，第一传动齿结构491a和第二传动齿结构3b始终处于啮合状态。例如，自动状态下，转轴正转，第一传动齿结构491a驱动从旋钮盖3正转，旋钮盖3在正转过程中沿图14中的下方直线位移，旋钮盖3迫使第一弹性件22压缩。当泄露自检结束后，第一转轴 491反转，第一传动齿结构491a驱动旋钮盖3反转至初始位置，此后，电机断电。手动状态下，在用户转动旋钮盖3的过程中，旋钮盖3无论正转还是反转，第二传动齿结构3b驱动第一传动齿结构491a转动，第一转轴491被动正转或反转。
另一实施例中，第一传动齿结构491a和第二传动齿结构3b包括啮合状态和脱离状态，第一转轴491能够直线往复运动以使得第一传动齿结构491a和第二传动齿结构3b在啮合状态和脱离状态之间切换，也就是说，第一转轴491不仅能够转动，还能够沿轴向直线运动一小段距离，使得第一传动齿结构491a和第二传动齿结构3b脱离啮合即可。具体地，在自动状态下，第一传动齿结构491a和第二传动齿结构3b处于啮合状态；在手动状态下，第一传动齿结构491a和第二传动齿结构3b处于脱离状态。
第十二实施例
该实施例中，大部分结构与第十一实施例相同。
请参阅图15，电动控制部包括第二旋转电机49”和传送带49’”，第二旋转电机49”具有第二转轴492，传送带49’”连接第二转轴492和旋钮盖3，第二转轴492通过传送带49’”驱动旋钮盖3转动以增大第一弹性件22对阀片21的预紧力。
该实施例中，在手动状态下，第二转轴492也能够被动地正转或反转，以避免对手动状态下的旋钮盖3造成干涉。
本申请提供的各个实施例/实施方式在不产生矛盾的情况下可以相互组合。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种压力卸放阀，包括操作部、阀体、阀座、电动控制部以及阀芯组件；所述操作部的至少部分结构设置于所述阀体外部；所述阀座具有阀口；所述阀芯组件包括阀片以及第一弹性件，所述第一弹性件能够在所述操作部的驱动下对所述阀片施加朝向所述阀口的作用力；所述电动控制部选择性地向所述阀芯组件、阀座或操作部输入驱动力，以改变所述阀片与所述阀口之间的相互作用力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的压力卸放阀，所述阀体具有容纳腔；所述阀片设置于所述阀体和所述阀口之间，所述阀体具有柔性结构，所述阀片与所述柔性结构连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的压力卸放阀，所述阀体上开设有与所述容纳腔连通的第一口，所述电动控制部包括第一电磁阀；
    所述第一电磁阀包括与气源连通的第一进气口以及与所述第一口连通的第一工作口，所述第一电磁阀选择性地导通所述第一工作口和所述第一进气口以向所述容纳腔中导入驱动气体，以使得所述驱动气体对所述阀片施加所述驱动力。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的压力卸放阀，所述第一电磁阀还包括第一排气口；
    所述第一电磁阀选择性地将所述第一进气口与所述第一工作口导通，或者，将所述第一工作口与所述第一排气口导通以对所述容纳腔泄压。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的压力卸放阀，所述电动控制部包括第二电磁阀，所述第二电磁阀包括第二进气口和第二排气口，所述第二进气口与所述第一口连通；所述第二电磁阀选择性地将所述第二进气口和所述第二排气口之间的通路截止，或者，将所述第二进气口和所述第二排气口导通以 对所述容纳腔泄压。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的压力卸放阀，所述压力卸放阀包括压力释放口，所述压力释放口与所述容纳腔连通，以将所述容纳腔内的气压维持在目标气压范围内。
  7. 根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的压力卸放阀，所述阀体具有与所述容纳腔连通的第二口，所述压力卸放阀包括封板以及第二弹性件，所述封板设置于所述阀体外侧的所述第二口处，所述第二弹性件连接在所述封板和所述阀体之间以驱动所述封板运动，所述封板包括封闭所述第二口的封闭位置以及避开所述第二口的避让位置；当所述容纳腔中的气压大于第一预设值，所述封板从所述封闭位置切换至避让位置；当所述容纳腔中的气压小于或等于第一预设值，所述第二弹性件驱动所述封板从所述避让位置切换至所述封闭位置。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的压力卸放阀，所述压力卸放阀包括检测所述容纳腔内的气压的压力传感器，所述第一电磁阀能够根据所述压力传感器的检测结果调节自身的阀芯开度。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的压力卸放阀，所述电动控制部包括设置于所述阀体内的第一磁引力件和第一磁配合件，所述阀芯组件包括限位件，所述第一弹性件远离所述阀片的一端与所述限位件抵接，所述第一磁配合件和所述第一磁引力件的其中之一与所述限位件连接，第一磁配合件和所述第一磁引力件的其中另一与所述阀体或所述操作部连接；所述第一磁引力件在通电状态下能够和所述第一磁配合件之间形成所述驱动力，所述驱动力驱动所述限位件朝向所述阀片方向运动以增大所述第一弹性件对所述阀片的预紧力。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的压力卸放阀，所述电动控制部包括第二磁引力件和第二磁配合件，所述第二磁引力件和所述第二磁配合件的其中之一 设置于所述阀座上；所述第二磁引力件和所述第二磁配合件的其中另一与所述阀芯组件连接或者与所述阀体连接；所述第二磁引力件在通电状态下能够和所述第二磁配合件之间形成吸引力，所述吸引力能够增大所述阀片和所述阀口之间的相互作用力。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的压力卸放阀，所述操作部为旋钮盖，所述阀体背离所述阀座的一端敞开，所述旋钮盖罩设于所述阀体的外侧且遮盖所述阀体的敞开侧，所述旋钮盖与所述阀体转动连接以调整所述第一弹性件对所述阀片的预紧力。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的压力卸放阀，所述电动控制部包括直线电机，所述阀芯组件包括设置于所述阀体内的限位件，所述第一弹性件远离所述阀片的一端与所述限位件抵接，所述直线电机设置于所述旋钮盖和所述限位件之间，所述直线电机具有能够直线运动的动子；所述动子能够推动所述限位件朝向所述阀片的方向运动以增大所述第一弹性件对所述阀片的预紧力。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的压力卸放阀，所述电动控制部包括第一旋转电机，所述第一旋转电机具有第一转轴，所述第一转轴的周向表面形成有第一传动齿结构，所述旋钮盖的周向表面形成有第二传动齿结构，所述第一传动齿结构与第二传动齿结构啮合传动，所述第一转轴驱动所述旋钮盖转动以增大所述第一弹性件对所述阀片的预紧力。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的压力卸放阀，所述第一转轴能够正转和反转，所述第一传动齿结构和所述第二传动齿结构始终处于啮合状态。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的压力卸放阀，所述第一传动齿结构和所述第二传动齿结构包括啮合状态和脱离状态，所述第一转轴能够直线往复运动以使得所述第一传动齿结构和所述第二传动齿结构在啮合状态和脱离状态之间切换。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的压力卸放阀，所述电动控制部包括第二旋转电机和传动带，所述第二旋转电机具有第二转轴，所述传送带连接所述第二转轴和所述旋钮盖，所述第二转轴通过所述传送带驱动所述旋钮盖转动以增大所述第一弹性件对所述阀片的预紧力。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的压力卸放阀，所述阀体与所述阀座固定连接，所述阀体具有柔性结构，所述阀片与所述柔性结构连接；或者，所述阀体和所述阀座分离，所述阀体和所述阀座能够相对运动，所述阀芯组件还包括驱动杆体，所述阀体开设有安装孔所述驱动杆体滑动地穿设于所述安装孔中，所述第一弹性件通过所述驱动杆体向所述阀片施加朝向所述阀口的作用力。
  18. 麻醉机，包括：
    呼吸回路；
    手动支路，所述手动支路与所述呼吸回路连接；所述手动支路包括权利要求1-17任一项所述的压力卸放阀，所述压力卸放阀对所述手动支路中的气压进行调节；
    控制器，所述控制器与所述电动控制部电连接以控制所述电动控制部输入所述驱动力。
PCT/CN2019/130189 2019-12-30 2019-12-30 压力卸放阀及麻醉机 WO2021134355A1 (zh)

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