WO2021131584A1 - 流量制御装置および流量制御方法 - Google Patents
流量制御装置および流量制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021131584A1 WO2021131584A1 PCT/JP2020/045117 JP2020045117W WO2021131584A1 WO 2021131584 A1 WO2021131584 A1 WO 2021131584A1 JP 2020045117 W JP2020045117 W JP 2020045117W WO 2021131584 A1 WO2021131584 A1 WO 2021131584A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45561—Gas plumbing upstream of the reaction chamber
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
- G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
- G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D7/0617—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
- G05D7/0629—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means
- G05D7/0635—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means
- G05D7/0641—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means using a plurality of throttling means
- G05D7/0647—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means by action on throttling means using a plurality of throttling means the plurality of throttling means being arranged in series
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/448—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials
- C23C16/4485—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials by evaporation without using carrier gas in contact with the source material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/52—Controlling or regulating the coating process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/004—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by piezoelectric means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flow rate control device and a flow rate control method, and more particularly to a flow rate control device and a flow rate control method used in a semiconductor manufacturing device, a chemical plant, or the like.
- the pressure type flow rate control device is widely used because it can control the mass flow rate of various fluids with high accuracy by a relatively simple mechanism that combines a control valve and a throttle portion (for example, an orifice plate or a critical nozzle). It's being used.
- Some pressure type flow rate control devices control the flow rate of the fluid flowing to the downstream side of the throttle portion by controlling the fluid pressure on the upstream side of the throttle portion (hereinafter, may be referred to as upstream pressure P1). (For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the upstream pressure P1 is controlled by feedback-controlling the control valve arranged on the upstream side of the throttle portion using a pressure sensor.
- a piezo element drive type valve (hereinafter, may be referred to as a piezo valve) configured to open and close the diaphragm valve body by a piezo actuator is used.
- the details of the piezo valve are disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 3, and it is possible to operate at a relatively high speed.
- the piezo valve is configured by using a piezo element, but it is known that a creep phenomenon occurs when the piezo element is driven (for example, Patent Document 4).
- the creep phenomenon is a phenomenon in which the displacement continues to increase or decrease little by little with time due to the reorientation of the dipoles of the piezo element even when the drive voltage applied to the piezo element is kept constant after the application. ..
- the occurrence of a creep phenomenon may cause problems such as a decrease in flow rate responsiveness due to a delay in shifting to the set valve opening and a leak due to a delay until the valve is completely closed.
- problems such as a decrease in flow rate responsiveness due to a delay in shifting to the set valve opening and a leak due to a delay until the valve is completely closed.
- it is conceivable to take measures such as increasing the urging force of the elastic member to increase the pressing force on the valve seat of the valve body.
- the maximum lift amount of the valve may decrease and the controllable flow rate range may become narrower, or the valve seat or valve body may be heavily loaded by a strong pressing force and may be damaged when opening and closing is repeated for a long period of time. There is.
- the creep phenomenon can be easily corrected by providing a displacement sensor that measures the displacement of the piezo element and feedback-controlling the drive voltage based on the output of the displacement sensor.
- the applicant of the present application discloses in Patent Documents 5 and 6 a flow control device configured to measure the displacement of a piezo actuator by using a strain gauge fixed to the piezo element as a displacement sensor.
- the valve opening can be known more accurately and the valve opening can be made more precise than when the drive voltage is referred to. Can be adjusted to. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the creep phenomenon by continuously adjusting the drive voltage and maintain the valve opening degree at a constant opening degree.
- the piezo valve having a displacement sensor has high responsiveness and can be used as a high-speed servo type control valve as described in Patent Document 5.
- a flow rate control device can be configured by providing another piezo valve for pressure control on the upstream side of the flow control piezo valve having a displacement sensor. In this configuration, the upstream pressure is controlled by using the pressure control valve, and the flow rate control valve is feedback-controlled based on the output of the displacement sensor to perform flow rate control with high responsiveness over a wide flow rate range. it can.
- the piezo valve having a displacement sensor can accurately grasp the open / closed state and has much higher responsiveness than the control valve of the conventional pressure type flow control device in which feedback control is performed based on the output of the pressure sensor. Therefore, in applications where a high-speed (very short period) pulse control signal is given, such as an ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) process or an ALE (Atomic Layer Etching) process, the gas is pulsed at a desired flow rate. It is preferably used to supply.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is a flow rate control device and a flow rate control method capable of appropriately performing high-speed pulsed gas supply at a desired flow rate without providing a displacement sensor for a piezo element. Its main purpose is to provide.
- the flow control device includes a valve body, a flow control valve having a piezoelectric element for moving the valve body, and a control circuit for controlling the operation of the flow control valve.
- a pulsed flow rate setting signal when a pulsed flow rate setting signal is given, a voltage exceeding the target voltage corresponding to the target displacement of the piezoelectric element is once applied, and then the voltage is brought closer to the target voltage.
- the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element is open-loop controlled.
- control circuit is configured to change the control function of the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element according to the target flow rate indicated by the flow rate setting signal.
- the pulse-like flow rate setting signal is a continuous period signal having a frequency of 1 Hz or more and 100 Hz or less.
- the flow control device comprises a pressure control valve provided upstream of the flow control valve, a pressure sensor that measures pressure downstream of the pressure control valve and upstream of the flow control valve.
- a throttle portion having a fixed opening is further provided and continuous flow control is performed, the flow rate is controlled based on the output of the pressure sensor using the throttle portion having a fixed opening, and is pulsed.
- the flow rate control valve is configured to be used as a throttle portion whose opening degree can be changed to control the flow rate.
- the flow control method is performed in a flow control device including a flow control valve having a valve body and a piezoelectric element for moving the valve body, and is performed in a pulsed manner for performing a pulsed fluid supply.
- the internal command signal includes a step of applying a voltage to the piezoelectric element based on the internal command signal, and the internal command signal once applies a voltage exceeding the target voltage corresponding to the target displacement of the piezoelectric element and then the target voltage. It is generated as a signal approaching, and the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element is open-loop controlled.
- a flow rate control device and a flow rate control method capable of appropriately performing pulse flow rate control are provided.
- (A) shows the output of the piezo displacement when the setting signal without correction is used
- (b) shows the output of the piezo displacement when the set signal without correction is used.
- the opening degree cannot be adjusted by feedback control, so it is assumed that the valve opening degree is controlled by open loop control (feedforward control) based on the set signal.
- feedforward control feedforward control
- the inventor of the present application has diligently investigated whether or not a significant creep phenomenon occurs and adversely affects the flow rate control even when the pulse flow rate is controlled by a continuous period signal of, for example, about 10 Hz.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the valve displacement SV when the flow rate setting signal SF is pulsed at 12.5 Hz, which was obtained by the experiment of the present inventor.
- the piezo drive voltage alternately repeats 0V and 140V.
- the actual valve displacement rises once at the time of rising and then continues to increase gradually at the time of falling, and after falling sharply at the time of falling, due to the creep phenomenon. It continues to decrease gradually.
- the opening degree drops only to 2 to 3% immediately after the fall, and then gradually approaches 0%, and a leak occurs.
- the flow rate control may be inappropriate, especially in the pulse flow rate control required in the ALD process. This is because in the ALD process, not only the gas flow rate but also the volume of the supplied gas (integrated flow rate) is important, and in the gas supply with the creep phenomenon left, the error increases in both the gas flow rate and the gas volume. However, there is a risk of problems occurring in the process.
- the inventor of the present application has recognized that it is extremely important to suppress the creep phenomenon of the piezo valve even when the flow rate is controlled based on the high-frequency pulse-like setting signal. Then, if the voltage applied to the piezo element is appropriately controlled without using the feedback control considered to be necessary for the high-precision flow rate control device, the pulse flow rate control is appropriately executed while suppressing the creep phenomenon. Found to get. In addition, it was found that the characteristics of the creep phenomenon itself do not change so much even if the opening and closing operations are performed many times. Therefore, even if the drive is driven by open loop control, the creep phenomenon can be suppressed for a long period of time, and the pulse flow rate control is lengthened. It turns out that it can be done properly over a period of time.
- FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the flow rate control device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the flow control device 100 includes a pressure control valve 6 provided in the flow path 1 on the inflow side of the gas G0, a flow control valve 8 provided on the downstream side of the pressure control valve 6, and a downstream side of the pressure control valve 6. It includes a first (or upstream) pressure sensor 3 that detects the pressure P1 on the upstream side of the flow control valve 8, and a throttle portion 2 arranged on the downstream side of the pressure control valve 6.
- the gas G0 supplied to the flow rate control device 100 may be various gases used in the semiconductor manufacturing process, such as a material gas, an etching gas, or a carrier gas.
- the throttle portion 2 is composed of an orifice plate arranged on the upstream side of the flow rate control valve 8. Since the orifice area is fixed, the orifice plate functions as a throttle portion having a fixed opening. In another aspect, the throttle portion 2 may be arranged on the downstream side of the flow rate control valve 8 as long as it is in the vicinity of the flow rate control valve 8.
- the "throttle portion” is a portion in which the cross-sectional area of the flow path is limited to be smaller than the cross-sectional area of the front and rear flow paths, and is configured by using, for example, an orifice plate, a critical nozzle, a sound velocity nozzle, or the like. However, it can also be configured using something else.
- the throttle portion also includes a valve structure which is regarded as a variable orifice whose opening degree is the distance between the valve seat of the valve and the valve body. Such a valve structure functions as a throttle portion having a variable opening degree.
- the flow control device 100 also has a second (or downstream) pressure sensor 4 that measures the downstream pressure P2 on the downstream side of the flow control valve 8, and an inflow pressure sensor 5 that detects the supply pressure P0 on the upstream side of the pressure control valve 6. And have.
- the supply pressure P0 is used to control the gas supply amount and gas supply pressure from a gas supply device (for example, a raw material vaporizer, a gas supply source, etc.), and the downstream pressure P2 is under non-critical expansion conditions described later. Used for flow rate measurement.
- the flow rate control device may not include the second pressure sensor 4 and the inflow pressure sensor 5.
- the downstream side of the flow rate control valve 8 is connected to the process chamber of the semiconductor manufacturing apparatus via a downstream valve (not shown).
- a vacuum pump is connected to the process chamber, and typically, the gas G1 whose flow rate is controlled by the flow rate control device 100 is supplied to the process chamber in a state where the inside of the process chamber is evacuated.
- the downstream valve for example, a known air-driven valve (Air Operated Valve) whose opening / closing operation is controlled by compressed air, an electromagnetic valve, or the like can be used.
- the flow control valve 8 is a piezo valve including a valve body 8a of a diaphragm arranged so as to abut and separate from the valve seat, and a piezo actuator including a piezoelectric element 8b for moving the valve body 8a. It is composed of.
- a piezo actuator for example, an actuator sold by NTK CERATEC or the like can be used.
- the piezo actuator may be composed of a plurality of piezoelectric elements housed in a cylinder and stacked, or may be composed of a single piezoelectric element housed in a cylinder.
- a piezo valve is preferably used as the pressure control valve 6.
- the flow rate control device 100 includes a first control circuit 7 that controls the opening / closing operation of the pressure control valve 6 based on the output of the first pressure sensor 3.
- the first control circuit 7 is configured to feedback control the pressure control valve 6 so that the difference between the set pressure received from the outside and the upstream pressure P1 which is the output of the first pressure sensor 3 becomes zero. As a result, the upstream pressure P1 on the downstream side of the pressure control valve 6 can be maintained at the set value.
- the flow rate control device 100 has a second control circuit 9 that controls the flow rate control valve 8.
- FIG. 2 shows a mode in which the first control circuit 7 and the second control circuit 9 are provided separately, but it goes without saying that these may be provided integrally.
- the first control circuit 7 and the second control circuit 9 may be built in the flow rate control device 100 or may be provided outside the flow rate control device 100.
- the first control circuit 7 and the second control circuit 9 are typically composed of a CPU, a memory (storage device) M such as a ROM or RAM, an A / D converter, or the like, and execute a flow control operation described later. It may include a computer program configured in.
- the first control circuit 7 and the second control circuit 9 can be realized by a combination of hardware and software.
- the flow rate control device 100 uses the first control circuit 7 and the second control circuit 9 to control the pressure control valve 6 so that the upstream pressure P1 output by the first pressure sensor 3 becomes a set value, and also controls the flow rate. By controlling the drive of the piezoelectric element 8b of the valve 8, the flow rate of the fluid flowing downstream of the flow rate control valve 8 is controlled.
- the throttle portion 2 having a fixed opening degree is used as the main element of the flow rate control, and the upstream pressure P1 is controlled by the pressure control valve 6, so that the pressure is applied as in the conventional pressure type flow rate control device. It is possible to control the flow rate. Further, by controlling the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 8 while keeping the upstream pressure P1 constant by using the pressure control valve 6, it is possible to control the gas flow rate with higher responsiveness.
- the flow rate control using the throttle portion 2 having a fixed opening degree as the main element of the flow rate control is suitable for the continuous flow control in which the flow rate control is maintained at the set value for a relatively long period of time.
- the flow rate is controlled so that the flow rate is determined by the opening degree of the flow rate control valve 8 at a flow rate less than the maximum set flow rate of the throttle portion 2 having a fixed opening degree.
- Flow control such as used as a throttle), is suitable for intermittent flow control.
- the continuous flow control broadly means the control of the fluid when the fluid flow continues.
- the fluid flows at a flow rate of 50% from the state where the fluid flows at a 100% flow rate. It may also include the case where it is changed to the existing state.
- the flow rate control valve 8 is fully opened (maximum opening), or at least the throttle portion having a fixed opening is used. It is preferable to maintain the opening degree larger than the opening degree of 2.
- the intermittent flow control is typically pulse flow control. However, it is not limited to periodic opening / closing control at regular intervals, but also includes pulse-like opening / closing control performed irregularly and opening / closing control in which the pulse amplitude is not constant and fluctuates, and the pulse width fluctuates. Such open / close control is also included.
- the throttle unit When the flow rate control device 100 controls the continuous flow, when the critical expansion condition P1 / P2 ⁇ about 2 (P1: upstream pressure, P2: downstream pressure, about 2 is argon gas) is satisfied, the throttle unit The flow rate can be controlled by utilizing the principle that the flow rate of the gas passing through the flow rate control valve 8 or the flow rate control valve 8 is determined by the upstream pressure P1 regardless of the downstream pressure P2.
- the flow rate Q is considered to be substantially proportional to the upstream pressure P1 and the valve opening degree Av of the flow rate control valve 8. Further, when the second pressure sensor 4 is provided, the difference between the upstream pressure P1 and the downstream pressure P2 is small, and the flow rate can be calculated even when the above critical expansion conditions are not satisfied, and the flow rate can be calculated by each pressure sensor.
- the predetermined formula Q K2 ⁇ Av ⁇ P2 m (P1-P2) n (where K2 is a constant depending on the type of fluid and fluid temperature, m, n Can calculate the flow rate Q from the index) derived based on the actual flow rate.
- the flow path cross-sectional area of the flow control valve 8 is larger than the flow path cross-sectional area of the throttle portion 2, such as when the flow control valve 8 is fully opened, the flow path cross-sectional area of the throttle portion 2 is also taken into consideration.
- the flow rate control device 100 uses the pressure control valve 6 to perform a pulse-like opening / closing operation of the flow rate control valve 8 while keeping the upstream pressure P1 constant.
- the flow rate of the gas supplied in a pulsed manner is determined by the magnitude of the upstream pressure P1 and the set opening degree when the flow rate control valve 8 is opened.
- the opening degree control of the flow rate control valve 8 is not performed by feedback control by the displacement sensor as in the conventional case, but the voltage applied to the piezoelectric element 8b from the input set flow rate signal is defined.
- the internal command signal is generated, and the flow control valve 8 is open-loop controlled based on the internal command signal.
- FIG. 3A and 3B show a piezo displacement (specifically, a strain gauge fixed to a piezo element) measured using a piezo voltage setting signal SS to the flow control valve (piezo valve) 8 and a displacement sensor (specifically, a strain gauge fixed to the piezo element). It is a graph which shows the relationship with (distortion output) SP.
- FIG. 3A shows a case where the set signal is input without correction
- FIG. 3B shows a signal corrected so as to apply an excess voltage during the initial period when the piezo voltage rises and falls. Indicates the case where is entered.
- FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) a relatively long-term signal (on period is about 2 seconds) is shown.
- the setting signal SS is designed to be updated every 100 msec, for example.
- FIG. 3B under this constraint, the set voltage of 149V with 9V added in the period of 100 msec immediately after the start-up of the flow rate is set, the set voltage is set to 140V in the subsequent period, and the set voltage of the flow rate is lowered. Immediately after that, in the period of 100 msec, -9V is added to the set voltage of -9V, and in the subsequent period, the signal is corrected to the set voltage of 0V.
- the piezo displacement is performed by adding a predetermined excess voltage during a predetermined period at the initial start-up and the initial start-up (that is, immediately after the transient). It can be confirmed that the SP is changed and the creep phenomenon is suppressed. Therefore, it can be seen that the creep phenomenon can be suppressed by signal correction and the desired opening degree adjustment can be performed without performing feedback control using the displacement sensor.
- the setting signal when the setting signal is corrected and input to the control circuit of the piezo element as described above, the setting may be restricted. Therefore, it is conceivable to generate an internal command signal corresponding to the input setting signal and drive the piezo valve based on this signal.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of the internal command signal SI generated from the external input signal SE of the piezo voltage based on the set signal.
- signal processing using differential operation is performed, so that the voltage V1 (here, the voltage larger than the target voltage V0) exceeds the target voltage (voltage corresponding to the target displacement of the piezo) V0 at the time of startup.
- the internal command signal SI is generated so that V1) is applied once and then a voltage approaching the target voltage V0 is applied.
- a voltage V1'exceeding the target voltage V0' (here, a voltage V1' smaller than the target voltage V0') is applied once, and then a voltage approaching the target voltage V0'is applied.
- An internal command signal is generated as described above.
- the maximum value and time change of the excess voltage applied immediately after the transition period change depending on the constant of the height component and the constant of the time component, and these constants included in the control function are set appropriately.
- the signal waveform of the internal command signal SI or piezo drive voltage
- the control function is determined by first selecting an appropriate constant to match the creep phenomenon that occurs in the controlled piezo valve, then the creep phenomenon can be appropriately suppressed even in open loop control. it can.
- the differential operation the drive of the piezo valve at a steep acceleration is suppressed, and the valve drive is performed more smoothly. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the risk of failure when the opening / closing operation at a high frequency is repeated many times.
- the period is about 50 msec and the signal frequency is about 20 Hz. Even in such a signal having a relatively high frequency, it is possible to easily generate an internal command signal that is effective in suppressing the creep phenomenon.
- the drive method of the piezo valve in the present embodiment is preferably applied when, for example, a continuous period signal of, for example, 1 to 100 Hz, particularly 5 to 50 Hz is given as a setting signal in order to control the pulse flow rate. According to such a method, pulse gas can be supplied at a desired gas flow rate and gas volume while suppressing the creep phenomenon.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a graph showing the valve displacement when the valve is driven based on the set signal without generating the corrected internal command signal as shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 5 (b) is a graph showing the corrected valve displacement. It is a graph which shows the valve displacement at the time of generating a processed internal command signal, and driving a valve using this.
- the piezo drive voltage VP is once targeted. A voltage exceeding the voltage is applied, and then the drive voltage is controlled so as to approach the target voltage.
- the valve displacement signal SV becomes horizontal, that is, the creep phenomenon is suppressed, and an appropriate opening degree of the piezo valve is maintained in both the on period and the off period. Therefore, it is possible to supply an appropriate pulse gas by open-loop control of the drive voltage without performing feedback control using the displacement sensor.
- a throttle portion 2 having a fixed opening degree may be provided on the downstream side of the flow rate control valve 8.
- a third pressure sensor is further provided between the throttle portion 2 having a fixed opening degree and the flow rate control valve 8, and when controlling the continuous flow, the flow rate control is performed based on the output of the third pressure sensor. You may do it.
- the flow rate control valve is not limited to the normally closed type but may be a normally open type piezo valve.
- the drive voltage applied to the flow rate control valve is determined.
- the flow rate control valve 8 and the orifice plate may be integrally provided in the form of a known orifice built-in valve.
- an orifice plate and a valve seat body are arranged in a hole for mounting the flow rate control valve 8, and a valve body (valve body, actuator, etc.) of the flow rate control valve 8 is fixed above the orifice plate and a valve seat body. ..
- the orifice plate and the valve body of the flow rate control valve 8 can be arranged close to each other to reduce the volume between them, and the responsiveness of the flow rate control can be improved.
- flow rate control valve 8 shown in FIG. 2 can be used alone without being combined with the upstream pressure control valve 6 and the throttle unit 2 to form a high-speed servo type flow rate control device.
- the flow rate control device and the flow rate control method according to the embodiment of the present invention are used in, for example, a semiconductor manufacturing device, a chemical plant, etc., and are suitably used in applications such as an ALD process where pulse flow rate control is required.
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Abstract
Description
2 絞り部
3 第1圧力センサ
4 第2圧力センサ
5 流入圧力センサ
6 圧力制御バルブ
7 第1制御回路
8 流量制御バルブ
8a 弁体
8b 圧電素子(ピエゾアクチュエータ)
9 第2制御回路
100 流量制御装置
Claims (5)
- 弁体および前記弁体を移動させるための圧電素子を有する流量制御バルブと、
前記流量制御バルブの動作を制御する制御回路と
を備え、
前記制御回路は、パルス的な流体供給を行うために、パルス的な流量設定信号が与えられたとき、前記圧電素子の目標変位に対応する目標電圧を超える電圧をいったん印加してから前記目標電圧に近づくようにして前記圧電素子への印加電圧をオープンループ制御するように構成されている、流量制御装置。 - 前記制御回路は、前記流量設定信号が示す目標流量に応じて、前記圧電素子への印加電圧の制御関数を変更するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の流量制御装置。
- 前記パルス的な流量設定信号が1Hz以上100Hz以下の周波数を有する連続周期信号である、請求項1または2に記載の流量制御装置。
- 前記流量制御バルブの上流側に設けられた圧力制御バルブと、
前記圧力制御バルブの下流側かつ前記流量制御バルブの上流側の圧力を測定する圧力センサと、
開度が固定された絞り部と
をさらに備え、
連続的な流れの制御を行うときには、前記開度が固定された絞り部を用いて前記圧力センサの出力に基づいて流量制御を行い、パルス的な流れの制御を行うときには、前記流量制御バルブを開度変更可能な絞り部として用いて流量制御を行うように構成されている、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の流量制御装置。 - 弁体と前記弁体を移動させるための圧電素子とを有する流量制御バルブを備える流量制御装置において行われる流量制御方法であって、
パルス的な流体供給を行うためのパルス的な流量設定信号を受け取るステップと、
前記パルス的な流量設定信号を受け取ったときに、前記圧電素子に印加する電圧を決定する内部指令信号を前記流量設定信号に基づいて生成するステップと、
前記生成された内部指令信号に基づいて前記圧電素子に電圧を印加するステップと
を含み、
前記内部指令信号は、前記圧電素子の目標変位に対応する目標電圧を超える電圧をいったん印加してから前記目標電圧に近づくような信号として生成され、前記圧電素子への印加電圧はオープンループ制御される、流量制御方法。
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