WO2021128951A1 - Nouvelle structure de four à coke et procédé de combustion par chauffage sectionnelle associé - Google Patents

Nouvelle structure de four à coke et procédé de combustion par chauffage sectionnelle associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021128951A1
WO2021128951A1 PCT/CN2020/114457 CN2020114457W WO2021128951A1 WO 2021128951 A1 WO2021128951 A1 WO 2021128951A1 CN 2020114457 W CN2020114457 W CN 2020114457W WO 2021128951 A1 WO2021128951 A1 WO 2021128951A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
coke oven
air
hole
regenerator
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PCT/CN2020/114457
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李超
李国志
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中冶焦耐(大连)工程技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2021128951A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021128951A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of coke ovens, in particular to a novel coke oven structure capable of realizing the generation of low nitrogen oxides and a segmented heating and combustion method thereof.
  • the height of the coking chamber of the coke oven has been developed from less than 2.8 meters to 7.65 meters, and the 8.43 meter test furnace of Uhde, Germany has also been put into operation for many years.
  • the development of new coke ovens has approached the limit in the research direction of increasing the height and volume of the coking chamber.
  • the design of the coke oven combustion system is still at the stage of simple segmented combustion and imitating foreign advanced technology.
  • the main problem is how to set the structure of the vertical fire channel, the position of each air outlet section and the flow rate to reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides. It uses the existing mature low-nitrogen combustion technology and non-selective catalytic reduction technology to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • the bottom surface of the combustion chamber and the bottom surface of the coking chamber corresponding to the chute mouth in the traditional coke oven are both located at The same level, so there is a risk of coke formation in the lower part of the coking chamber of the coke oven.
  • the invention provides a new type of coke oven structure and its segmented heating and combustion method.
  • the combustion process under a variety of low-nitrogen combustion mechanisms is realized, and the bottom surface of the coking chamber is higher than the combustion chamber.
  • the new design of the bottom surface eliminates the risk of coke formation due to insufficient heat supply at the bottom of the coking chamber due to segmented combustion.
  • a new type of coke oven structure including furnace roof, combustion chamber, carbonization chamber, chute area, regenerator and small flue; the combustion chamber and the carbonization chamber are arranged alternately, and the combustion chamber is connected to the regenerator through the chute, and the combustion chamber It is composed of multiple double-joint fire passages.
  • the top of the double-joint fire passage is connected through cross holes, and the bottom is connected through exhaust gas circulation holes; the lower part of each regenerator is provided with a small flue to the outside through an exchange switch
  • the flue gas ducts are connected; the furnace roof above each vertical fire channel is equipped with a fire hole; the furnace roof above each carbonization chamber is equipped with coal loading ports/smoke holes and rising pipe holes; the vertical flame channel is provided with multiple sections along the height direction With gas outlet and multi-stage air outlet, the bottom surface of the carbonization chamber is higher than the bottom surface of the combustion chamber corresponding to the ramp mouth.
  • the first-stage gas outlet is higher than the first-stage air outlet, and compared with the two, the first-stage gas outlet is far away from the exhaust gas circulation hole; each middle-stage gas outlet It is arranged staggered with the air outlets of each middle section, and the air outlet of the last section is higher than the gas outlet of the last section.
  • the bottom surface of the carbonization chamber is higher than the upper edge of the exhaust gas circulation hole, but lower than the first-stage gas outlet elevation.
  • the combustion chamber is surrounded by a combustion chamber furnace wall, and the combustion chamber furnace wall extends obliquely toward the carbonization chamber at the lower part of the corresponding carbonization chamber, so that the cross section of the lower part of the carbonization chamber is an isosceles trapezoid.
  • the furnace roof above the vertical fire channel is also provided with compensation holes, which are used to pass supplementary waste gas or mixed low partial pressure reducing gas into the vertical fire channel.
  • the regenerator is provided with a compartment structure, that is, the air regenerator is divided into a plurality of air compartment regenerators along the height direction, and the gas regenerator is divided into a plurality of gas compartment regenerators along the height direction; the first section The gas outlet alone corresponds to one gas compartmentalized regenerator, and the other sections of gas outlets correspond to one or more gas compartmentalized regenerators; the first section of air outlet alone corresponds to an air compartmentalized regenerator, and the remaining sections of air outlets correspond to one to Multiple air compartment regenerators; correspondingly, the small flue is also connected to each air compartment regenerator/gas compartment regenerator along the high-direction compartment as a plurality of small flues or cluster small flues.
  • a plurality of manual adjustment gates are arranged at the connection between the small flue and the exhaust gas switch.
  • the main body of the coke oven is built with refractory bricks, and the positions corresponding to the coal charging port/smoke hole, riser hole, fire hole, compensation hole, and chute adopt castable prefabricated blocks, and the coal charging port/smoke hole , Riser pipe hole, fire hole, compensation hole and chute are respectively set in the corresponding castable prefabricated block.
  • the chute area of the coke oven is provided with a plurality of supplementary heating holes on the front of the coke oven, and the supplementary heating holes are respectively connected with the corresponding gas chute and air chute.
  • a new type of stepped heating and combustion method of coke oven structure The amount of gas flowing out of the first stage gas outlet does not exceed 90% of the total gas supply, and the amount of air flowing out of the first stage air outlet does not exceed the total air supply. 90%, the amount of coal gas at each stage of the gas outlet and the amount of air at each stage of the air outlet are controlled according to the excess air coefficient of the updraft deviating from 1, and the amount of gas in the updraft after the last stage of gas outlet is excessive.
  • a more reasonable application method is provided to realize the low nitrogen oxide combustion of the coke oven combustion chamber vertical flue structure.
  • the heating of the coal cake at the bottom of the coking chamber is completed by the joint action of the two furnace walls and the bottom of the coking chamber.
  • the section heating technology disperses and raises the flame in the vertical flame channel.
  • the present invention raises the bottom of the carbonization chamber, which can enhance the heat transfer of the vertical flame channel to the bottom of the carbonization chamber, indirectly increases the heat transfer in the carbonization chamber, and solves the problem of segmented heating coke ovens. , Especially in coke ovens where a section of the gas outlet is not at the bottom of the vertical fire channel, and the bottom of the carbonization chamber is not heated enough and is easy to appear defects;
  • the lower part of the carbonization chamber is an isosceles trapezoid with a wide upper mouth and a narrow lower mouth, making the carbonization chamber structure With higher strength and more wear resistance, it also facilitates heat transfer and accelerates the maturation speed of the bottom of the coke cake;
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a novel coke oven according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the relative positional relationship between the bottom surface of the carbonization chamber and the bottom surface of the combustion chamber of the present invention.
  • the novel coke oven structure of the present invention includes a furnace roof 1, a combustion chamber 2, a carbonization chamber, a chute area 3, a regenerator 4 and a small flue 5; a combustion chamber 2 and a carbonization chamber 6-phase arrangement, the combustion chamber 2 is connected to the regenerator 4 through the chute of the chute area 3.
  • the combustion chamber 2 is composed of multiple double-joint fire passages, and the top of the double-joint fire passage passes through the cross hole 27
  • the bottom of each regenerator 4 is connected through the exhaust gas circulation hole 23; the lower part of each regenerator 4 is provided with a small flue 5 connected to the external flue gas channel through an exchange switch; the top of each vertical fire channel is provided with a fire hole 12;
  • the furnace roof above the carbonization chamber 6 is equipped with coal loading/smoke holes 13 and rising pipe holes; the vertical fire channel is provided with multi-section gas outlets and multi-section air outlets along the high direction, and the bottom surface 32 of the carbonization chamber is higher than the combustion corresponding to the chute opening.
  • the bottom surface of the chamber 31 (as shown in Figure 2).
  • the first-stage gas outlet 21 is higher than the first-stage air outlet 22, and compared with the two, the first-stage gas outlet 21 is far away from the exhaust gas circulation hole 23; each The gas outlet 24 of the middle section is staggered with the air outlets of each middle section, and the air outlet 26 of the last section is higher than the gas outlet 25 of the last section.
  • the bottom surface 32 of the carbonization chamber is higher than the upper edge of the exhaust gas circulation hole 23, but lower than the level of the first-stage gas outlet 21.
  • the combustion chamber 2 is surrounded by a combustion chamber furnace wall 28, and the combustion chamber furnace wall 28 extends obliquely into the carbonization chamber 6 at the lower part of the corresponding carbonization chamber 6, so that the cross section of the lower part of the carbonization chamber 6 is an isosceles trapezoid.
  • the furnace roof 1 above the vertical fire channel is also provided with a compensation hole 11 for passing supplementary waste gas or mixed low partial pressure reducing gas into the vertical fire channel.
  • the regenerator 4 is provided with a grid structure.
  • the grid structure is not only the regenerator compartment along the horizontal direction of the combustion chamber and corresponds to a pair or several opposite fire channels on it, but also can be along the height of the regenerator 4
  • the regenerator 4 is arranged side by side and divided into cells, and each small cell can be further subdivided according to the needs of multi-stage heating.
  • the first section of gas outlet 21 corresponds to a single gas compartmentalized regenerator 41, so that the gas flowing through the compartment is discharged from one section of gas outlet 21, and the remaining sections of gas outlets correspond to one or more gas compartmentalized regenerators.
  • Each compartment regenerator can be subdivided into two parts to communicate with the other sections of the outlet; the multi-stage air outlet is similar to the compartment regenerator, the first section of the air outlet 22 is connected to a single air compartment regenerator Correspondingly, the other sections of air outlets correspond to one or more air compartmentalized regenerators, and each compartmentalized regenerator can be subdivided into two parts to communicate with other sections of outlets; accordingly, the small flue 5 is also arranged side by side
  • the compartments are connected to each air compartment regenerator/gas compartment regenerator 41 as a plurality of small flues 51 or cluster small flues.
  • connection between the small flue 5 and the exhaust gas switch is provided with multiple manual adjustment gates, which cooperate with the adjustment function of the regenerator grate plate, and can appropriately adjust the gas/air flowing through each compartment of the heat storage according to the type of heating gas Or the flow of exhaust gas, so as to adjust the high-direction heating of the combustion chamber.
  • the main body of the coke oven is built with refractory bricks, and the positions corresponding to the coal loading port/smoke hole 13, rising pipe hole, fire hole 12, compensation hole 11, and chute 33 are made of castable prefabricated blocks, and the coal loading port /The smoke guide hole 13, the rising pipe hole, the fire hole 12, the compensation hole 11, and the chute 33 are respectively arranged in the corresponding castable prefabricated block.
  • the chute zone 1 of the coke oven is provided with a plurality of supplementary heating holes on the front of the coke oven, and the supplementary heating holes are respectively connected with the corresponding gas chute and air chute.
  • a new type of coke oven structure segmented heating and combustion method the amount of gas flowing out of the first stage gas outlet 21 does not exceed 90% of the total gas supply, and the amount of air flowing out of the first stage air outlet 22 does not exceed the total air supply 90% of the gas volume, the gas volume at each stage of the gas outlet and the air volume at each stage of the air outlet are controlled according to the excess air coefficient of the updraft deviating from 1, and the amount of gas in the updraft after the last stage of gas outlet 25 is excessive.
  • the novel coke oven structure of the present invention adopts a new chute zone structure in which the elevation of the bottom 32 of the coking chamber is higher than the elevation of the bottom 31 of the combustion chamber corresponding to the chute opening, and the first section of the gas outlet 21 at the bottom of the combustion chamber 2 is higher than the first Sectional heating structure of section air outlet 22.
  • each vertical fire channel there is also a compensation hole 11 above each vertical fire channel.
  • the compensation hole 11 can supplement the exhaust gas of the combustion chamber 2 through the external pipeline of the coke oven or the low partial pressure after mixing Reduction gas operation. This operation can be used to reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber 2 or to supplement the heating of the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber 2 to achieve the purpose of adjusting the temperature of the head space of the carbonization chamber.
  • the vertical fire channel in the combustion chamber 2 adopts the structure of simultaneous segmented heating of gas and air, wherein the first section of gas outlet 21 is higher than the first section of air outlet 22 and the relative position is far from the exhaust gas circulation hole 23, and the middle section of the gas outlet 24 The position is staggered with the positions of the air outlets of each middle section, and the air outlet 26 of the last section is the highest. This ensures that the air at the bottom of the standing fire channel first passes through the combustion-supporting gas diluted by the exhaust gas circulation, and then burns with the gas. After the air is first diluted, the partial pressure of oxygen in the air can be significantly reduced, thereby reducing the intensity of combustion, and inhibiting the combustion process. The nitrogen oxides are generated.
  • the updraft after one stage of combustion is diluted by the gas or air supplied by multiple stages, thereby realizing deviated combustion. Control the excess amount of gas in the updraft after the gas outlet in the last stage of the combustion process.
  • the reducing atmosphere of the high-temperature exhaust gas can be used to partially reduce the generated NOx to N2, thereby reducing the production of NOx during the combustion process.
  • the chute area 3 corresponding to the front of the coke oven can be provided with supplementary heating holes connected to the gas chute and the air chute for supplementary heating of the burner flame, thereby increasing the temperature of the burner flame.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une nouvelle structure de four à coke et son procédé de combustion par chauffage sectionnelle. La nouvelle structure de four à coke comprend un toit de four, des chambres de combustion, des chambres de carbonisation, une région de goulottes, des chambres de stockage de chaleur, et des petits carneaux. Les chambres de combustion sont reliées aux chambres de stockage de chaleur par l'intermédiaire des goulottes. Chaque chambre de combustion est composée d'une pluralité de paires de carneaux verticaux. Les parties supérieures des carneaux verticaux formant chaque paire sont en communication les unes avec les autres par l'intermédiaire d'un trou traversant, leurs parties inférieures sont en communication les unes avec les autres par l'intermédiaire d'un trou de circulation de gaz d'échappement. La partie inférieure de chaque chambre de stockage de chaleur est pourvue de petits carneaux. Un trou d'observation de flamme est disposé sur le toit de four au-dessus de chaque carneau vertical. Un trou de chargement de charbon et de guidage de flamme et un trou de tuyau ascendant sont disposés sur le toit de four au-dessus de chaque chambre de carbonisation. Une pluralité de sorties de gaz de houille et une pluralité de sorties d'air sont disposées dans chaque carneau vertical le long d'une direction de hauteur. La surface inférieure d'une chambre de carbonisation est plus grande que la surface inférieure d'une chambre de combustion correspondant à une ouverture de goulotte. L'invention améliore la structure des carneaux verticaux des chambres de combustion du four à coke, qui permet d'obtenir des processus de combustion sous de multiples mécanismes de combustion à faible teneur en azote, et adopte une nouvelle conception dans laquelle la surface inférieure d'une chambre de carbonisation est plus grande que la surface inférieure d'une chambre de combustion, ce qui élimine le risque de génération de coke vert en raison d'une alimentation en chaleur insuffisante au fond des chambres de carbonisation résultant de la combustion sectionnelle.
PCT/CN2020/114457 2019-12-27 2020-09-10 Nouvelle structure de four à coke et procédé de combustion par chauffage sectionnelle associé WO2021128951A1 (fr)

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CN201911376204.4A CN110938447A (zh) 2019-12-27 2019-12-27 一种新型焦炉结构及其分段加热燃烧方法
CN201911376204.4 2019-12-27

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CN110938447A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2020-03-31 中冶焦耐(大连)工程技术有限公司 一种新型焦炉结构及其分段加热燃烧方法
CN112066399A (zh) * 2020-09-08 2020-12-11 鞍钢股份有限公司 一种适用于焦炉的降氮装置及降氮工艺
CN113150801A (zh) * 2021-04-13 2021-07-23 新兴铸管股份有限公司 一种快速准确定位焦炉负压系统损漏位置的方法
CN114276822A (zh) * 2022-01-18 2022-04-05 中钢设备有限公司 一种焦炉斜道及燃烧室进气量调节方法
CN114717014B (zh) * 2022-03-16 2023-12-08 程相魁 一种高温低氮燃烧焦炉

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CN102517042A (zh) * 2011-06-21 2012-06-27 中冶焦耐(大连)工程技术有限公司 一种可控制多段燃烧的焦炉加热方法
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