WO2021121911A1 - Ensemble et procédé de microscopie à feuille de lumière - Google Patents

Ensemble et procédé de microscopie à feuille de lumière Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021121911A1
WO2021121911A1 PCT/EP2020/083772 EP2020083772W WO2021121911A1 WO 2021121911 A1 WO2021121911 A1 WO 2021121911A1 EP 2020083772 W EP2020083772 W EP 2020083772W WO 2021121911 A1 WO2021121911 A1 WO 2021121911A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sample
fiber
light sheet
optics
light
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/083772
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Huser
Original Assignee
Universität Bielefeld
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universität Bielefeld filed Critical Universität Bielefeld
Priority to EP20819646.9A priority Critical patent/EP4078261A1/fr
Publication of WO2021121911A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021121911A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00—Microscopes
    • G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
    • G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
    • G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
    • G02B21/0032—Optical details of illumination, e.g. light-sources, pinholes, beam splitters, slits, fibers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00—Microscopes
    • G02B21/0004—Microscopes specially adapted for specific applications
    • G02B21/002—Scanning microscopes
    • G02B21/0024—Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders
    • G02B21/0052—Optical details of the image generation
    • G02B21/0076—Optical details of the image generation arrangements using fluorescence or luminescence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00—Microscopes
    • G02B21/06—Means for illuminating specimens
    • G02B21/08—Condensers
    • G02B21/12—Condensers affording bright-field illumination
    • G02B21/125—Condensers affording bright-field illumination affording both dark- and bright-field illumination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/58—Optics for apodization or superresolution; Optical synthetic aperture systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0905—Dividing and/or superposing multiple light beams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement and a method for light sheet microscopy.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the arrangement for light sheet microscopy to convert or supplement a microscope into a light sheet microscope.
  • optical microscopy is limited in its spatial resolution by diffraction and, depending on the wavelength, limited to approx. 250 nm.
  • the majority of molecular biological and thus also biomedically relevant processes take place on a scale below this limit.
  • the HI virus (HIV-1) with a diameter of approx. 120 nm is a factor of 2 smaller than the resolution limit.
  • ribosomes the protein factories of the cell, are still much smaller than 100 nm. So far, these structure sizes have only been accessible to us through X-ray structure analysis or electron microscopy.
  • Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to the physicists Stefan Hell, W.E. Moerner, and Eric Betzig in recognition of their discovery of methods that are suitable for circumventing the optical diffraction limit. So far, however, the majority of these methods could only be used at great expense and not in living cells.
  • a currently highly attractive method for high-resolution imaging of living cells and organisms is light sheet microscopy (SPIM - Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy).
  • SPIM light sheet microscopy
  • a light sheet approx. 1-2 ⁇ m thin is generated and radiated into a sample from the side.
  • the area illuminated in this way within the sample is then imaged perpendicular to this light sheet (i.e. at 90 ° to the excitation area).
  • this method has very high contrast and is extremely gentle on the sample. This principle was first used by Zsigmondy in 1912 to study colloidal solutions and was then long forgotten.
  • SIM microscopy the sample to be examined is excited to fluorescence with a lighting pattern that is generated by interference from several laser beams.
  • these laser rays are generated by diffraction on an optical grating and typically the rays that are diffracted into the +1. and -1. Diffraction order arise in a microscope lens at high angles (of up to approx.
  • FIG. 1 the principle of high-resolution microscopy based on structured lighting is shown.
  • Fig. 1 a it is shown that by irradiating mutually coherent laser beams into the rear aperture 3 of a microscope lens 1 with a high numerical aperture, two of the beams 4 that are focused on the edge of the rear aperture are refracted at high angles and brought to interference in the sample, creating a lateral interference pattern.
  • the additional introduction of a centrally focused laser beam 5 creates a three-dimensional interference pattern.
  • Fig. 1 b) the simulation of a 3D interference pattern is shown as it arises in a 3D SIM microscope in the sample plane. Here a wavelength of 500 nm was used and the rays were brought to interference as in the scheme shown in FIG. 1 c).
  • the interference structure is anisotropic, ie the periodicity in the axial direction is significantly greater than in the lateral direction .
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a solution which makes it possible to further increase the isotropic resolution in light sheet microscopy and to implement the solution even more easily than in the prior art.
  • the present invention is based on the object of increasing the resolution of an optical microscope isotropically in all spatial directions and at the same time increasing the recording speed.
  • the invention also has the object of providing an arrangement which enables a microscope to be retrofitted or supplemented with an arrangement for light sheet microscopy.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in that the arrangement comprises at least six lighting optics for illuminating a sample, the sample being located within a sample chamber in a medium.
  • the sample chamber is aligned parallel to a plane reference surface, while the lighting optics each include a lighting beam path and are set up to generate a light sheet from an excitation beam and to apply the light sheet to the sample at an angle other than zero with respect to a normal to the reference surface to steer.
  • the lighting optics each comprise at least one fiber-optic component, the fiber-optic component being set up in such a way that the excitation beam generated in a laser source is coupled into the lighting beam path of the lighting optics.
  • the at least six Illumination optics are arranged essentially hexagonally around the sample chamber and the arrangement comprises at least one fiber-optic switch, the fiber-optic switch being set up in such a way that, by switching the fiber-optic component, two opposing light sheets are directed onto the sample.
  • the fiber optic switch is further set up in such a way that the opposing light sheets are rotated several times by an angle of essentially 60 ° in a plane of the reference surface, so that the sample is illuminated from at least six different angles.
  • the arrangement comprises at least one detection optics with a detection beam path with an optical axis, the detection optics being arranged below the sample chamber and the optical axis being essentially parallel to the normal of the reference surface, the detection optics being set up in such a way as a fluorescence signal to detect the sample.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is thus to radiate two opposing light sheets of an excitation beam at an angle onto a sample, whereby the excitation beams can be guided compactly into the illumination optics by means of fiber-optic components and are thus only decoupled and brought into interference shortly before the sample.
  • the excitation beams can be radiated quickly onto the sample from different directions.
  • the illumination optics each comprise at least one optical element, the optical element being set up in such a way as to direct the excitation beam in the direction of the sample.
  • the detection optics comprises a fiber optic component and is set up to focus a central excitation beam in the sample, the central excitation beam is set up to interfere with the two light sheets that run in opposite directions to generate a structured light sheet and a three-dimensionally structured one overall Generate light sheet.
  • the detection optics is a microscope objective.
  • the angle between the light sheet of the lighting optics and the normal of the reference surface is between 75 ° and 90 °.
  • the absolute values of the angle between the light sheet and the normal to the reference surface and the angle between an opposing light sheet and the reference surface are the same.
  • the illumination optics each comprise at least one cylinder lens, the cylinder lens being set up in such a way as to generate the light sheet from the excitation beam.
  • the detection optics are set in a stage, the stage being set up in such a way that the distance between the sample and the detection optics can be changed.
  • the stage comprises a piezoelectric element, the piezoelectric element being set up in such a way as to change the distance between the sample and the detection optics.
  • a piezoelectric element for example, the entire sample chamber can be moved with high precision along the z-direction relative to the detection optics, that is, in the axial direction.
  • a method for light sheet microscopy comprising the following steps:
  • the method comprises the additional step:
  • the fiber-optic component for example an optical fiber
  • the fiber-optic component is displaced along the optical axis and thus the phase setting of the optical fiber is changed.
  • the method comprises the following additional steps:
  • the step of changing a distance between the sample and the detection optics takes place by means of a piezoelectric element.
  • the use of the arrangement for light sheet microscopy for converting or supplementing a microscope into a light sheet microscope is also specified.
  • the 3D high-resolution structured lighting can be integrated into a compact microscope head using light sheet microscopy, whereby a fluorescence microscope can be expanded to a light sheet microscope and a high-resolution 3D fluorescence microscope.
  • a modular structure of the components, while retaining existing optomechanical and optoelectronic components, can be provided in order to make the conversion simple and inexpensive.
  • the arrangement for light sheet microscopy is provided separately from a microscope and can subsequently be modularly coupled to the microscope by the user in order to subsequently convert or supplement the microscope into a light sheet microscope and a high-resolution microscope.
  • the arrangement for light sheet microscopy has its own housing that can be coupled to the housing of the microscope, for example a stage made of metal in which the arrangement for light sheet microscopy is housed.
  • FIG. 2 shows simulated three-dimensional interference patterns which arise from the superposition of three laser beams according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a device for three-dimensional light sheet microscopy according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows various top views of a sample chamber with light sheets shown from above according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • 5 shows a top view of a sample chamber with light sheets shown from above according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • 6 shows a simulation of an interference pattern of less than 80 degrees to the normal of a glass surface incident opposite laser beams according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a flow chart of a method for light sheet microscopy according to a
  • FIG. 1 shows the principle of high-resolution microscopy, already described in the introduction to the description, based on the structured illumination according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 shows simulated three-dimensional interference patterns which arise from the superposition of three laser beams according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 a the best possible increase in resolution is obtained by irradiating laser beams at the angles 90 °, -90 ° and 0 °.
  • this is difficult to achieve in practice, which is mainly due to the fact that biological samples have to be prepared on a transparent substrate, usually a thin glass slide (cover slide), in order to be able to depict them as efficiently and realistically as possible.
  • This geometry therefore makes it difficult to radiate laser beams parallel to the glass surface into the sample and cause them to interfere.
  • the smallest possible interference structure with a periodicity of 187.96 nm (at 500 nm wavelength and a refractive index of water of 1.33). If this structure is also penetrated with a laser beam below 0 °, an interference structure is also created in the axial direction (in the simulation with a periodicity of 188.03 nm). The resulting interference pattern is isotropic in all spatial directions. The next best solution is to keep the angle at which the laser beams are brought to interference as close as possible to the ideal solution.
  • FIG. 3 shows an arrangement for three-dimensional light sheet microscopy according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 comprises at least six illumination optics 14 for illuminating a sample 13, the sample 13 being located within a sample chamber 11 in a medium 12.
  • the sample chamber 11 is aligned parallel to a flat, optically transparent reference surface 16.
  • the lighting optics 14 each include an illuminating beam path 17.
  • the lighting optics 14 are set up to generate a light sheet 27 from an excitation beam 18 and to direct the light sheet 27 towards the sample 13 at an angle other than zero with respect to a normal 19 of the reference surface 16 to steer.
  • the excitation beams 18 can be generated by means of a laser source 21, for example.
  • excitation beams 18 for opposing light sheets 27 into the illumination beam paths 17 is implemented via fiber-optic components 10 which couple out the excitation beams 18 as Gaussian beams. These are directed onto the sample 13 at a flat angle of, for example, 5 ° to 10 °, via mirror 15 arranged in opposite directions. Shortly before the rays 18 penetrate the sample chamber 11, they are shaped by cylindrical lenses 25 into narrow sheets of light 27.
  • the illumination optics 14 are arranged hexagonally around the sample 13, as shown in the plan view in FIG. 4.
  • the arrangement further comprises at least one fiber optic switch 20 which is not shown in FIG. 3.
  • the fiber-optic switch 20 is set up in such a way that, by switching the fiber-optic component 10, two light sheets 27 running in opposite directions are directed onto the sample 13.
  • the fiber-optic switch 20 is set up in such a way that the opposing light sheets 27 are rotated several times by an angle of essentially 60 ° in a plane of the reference surface 16, so that the sample 13 is illuminated from at least six different angles.
  • the fiber optic switch 20 is a micro-electromechanical fiber switch.
  • micro-electromechanical fiber switches fiber-MEMS switches
  • fiber-MEMS switches make it possible to switch light from a running optical fiber between several outgoing optical fibers in less than 1 millisecond. With a single 1x3 MEMS switch, a quick change between the fiber optic components 10 can therefore be realized.
  • the advantage of this method is that almost no laser light is lost and very fast switching times can be implemented using this technology.
  • the structure described in FIG. 3 uses a single microscope objective with a high numerical aperture as detection optics 9, which are used to detect the fluorescence signal and at the same time can focus a central excitation beam 24 into the sample.
  • the microscope lens 9 is supported, for example, in a stage 26 made of metal. A mating thread allows the stage 26 to be screwed into a regular inverted microscope.
  • a counterpart 29 manufactured for the stage 26 holds the sample chamber 11 as well as the fiber optic components 10 for coupling the excitation beams 18 into the illumination beam path 17 of the illumination optics 14 for the fluorescence excitation of the sample 13 by means of opposing light sheets 27.
  • the stage 26 can therefore also be used for recording of the sample 13 and for fine adjustment of the distance between the sample 13 and the microscope lens 9 who used the.
  • the stage 26 can, for example, also be screwed into a regular inverted microscope from various manufacturers via a standard RMS thread in order to use its imaging optics and the camera connections and thus represents a flexible extension existing microscopes to high-resolution microscopy and light sheet microscopy.
  • the excitation beams 18 of the opposing light sheets 27 can be switched very quickly offset by 60 ° by means of the fiber optic switch 20 and in this way at six different angles, the sample 13 being switched by the opposing light sheets 27 with each adjustment 60 ° is illuminated at two angles.
  • This is advantageous in order to generate a uniform increase in resolution in the lateral direction in the subsequent computer-based image reconstruction.
  • a shift in the lateral phase of the interference pattern can also be provided, which can be implemented, for example, by shifting the fiber-optic component 10 along the optical axis.
  • a 3D interference pattern is generated by adding a central excitation beam 24.
  • the central excitation beam 24 is focused into the sample 11 by means of the microscope objective 9. If the central excitation beam 24 is also added, an interference pattern arises at the level of the sample 11, as is shown by way of example in FIG. 2 b). As a result, the resolution of the optical system is increased almost isotropically in the xy direction and in the z direction.
  • the entire sample chamber 11 can be moved with high precision along the z-direction, that is, in the axial direction, and thus the images necessary for the 3D reconstruction can be recorded.
  • the solution shown here is advantageous, since omitting the central beam 24 still results in a lateral interference pattern of the opposing light sheets 27, which illuminates the sample 13 with minimal excitation power and stimulates fluorescence.
  • the resulting fluorescence images are in turn with the detection optics 9, for example a high-resolution micro Scope lens recorded and calculated as 2D high-resolution images as part of a computer-aided image reconstruction.
  • the resolution that can be achieved with this arrangement is in the range of approx.
  • FIG. 4 shows various top views of a sample chamber 11 with light sheets 27 shown from above according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the Pro benhunt 11 is indicated as a hexagon and the light sheets 27 seen from above, which are generated by oppositely arranged cylindrical lenses 25 are shown.
  • 4 a) - c) the opposing light sheets 27 are generated with the help of a fiber optic switch 20 offset by 60 ° in order to achieve a uniform reconstruction of the high-resolution image information, as is common in SIM microscopy, for example.
  • FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a sample chamber 11 with light sheets 27 shown from above according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the sample chamber 11 is again indicated as a hexagon and the light sheets 27, seen from above, which are generated by the oppositely arranged cylindrical lenses 25, are shown.
  • a laser source 21 for generating the excitation beams 18 and a fiber optic switch 20 are shown.
  • the fiber-optic switch 20 the excitation beams 18 can be coupled quickly into the lighting beam path 17 of the lighting optics 14 via the fiber-optic components 10.
  • FIG. 6 shows a simulation of an interference pattern of less than 80 degrees to the normal of a glass surface incident opposite laser beams according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Reflection on the glass surface also creates an interference pattern in the axial direction (along z).
  • a more realistic simulation of the illumination of the sample with opposing laser beams was carried out, taking into account the glass carrier with the Zemax optical simulation software carried out. Since the laser beams hit the interface between the liquid in the sample chamber and the glass slide at a very flat angle, most of the laser light is reflected at this interface, which in turn leads to interference with the light emitted from the opposite direction.
  • FIG. 7 shows a flow diagram of a method for light sheet microscopy according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the method begins with step 700 with the provision of a previously described arrangement for light sheet microscopy.
  • a sample 13 is illuminated with at least two opposing light sheets 27, the light sheets 27 being generated from at least two excitation beams 18, where the excitation beams 18 are coupled into at least two fiber-optic components 10 and are coupled out into the illumination beam paths 17.
  • step 720 a fluorescence signal of the sample 13 is detected by means of the detection optics 9.
  • step 730 the opposing light sheets 27 are rotated around the sample 13 by an angle of essentially 60 °. This is done by dividing the excitation beams 18 into two further fiber-optic components 10 by means of the fiber-optic switch 20 in this way be coupled in that the opposing light sheets 27 generated from the excitation beams are rotated by an angle of essentially 60 ° around the sample 13 and irradiate the sample 13 from an angle offset by essentially 60 °.
  • step 740 the method is carried out again until at least the opposing light blades 27 are rotated twice around the sample 13 by an angle of essentially 60 °. If the light sheets 27 were rotated twice by 60 ° in relation to the sample 13, the sample 13 was thus illuminated from six different angles in order to achieve a uniform reconstruction of high-resolution image information.
  • the sample 13 is illuminated by means of a central excitation beam 24 by means of the detection optics 9 in order to generate a 3D interference pattern.
  • Another method step can be changing a distance between the sample 13 and the detection optics 9.
  • the distance between the sample 13 and the detection optics 9 can take place, for example, by means of a piezoelectric element which, for example, moves the sample chamber 11 with high precision in the axial direction along the normal 19 of the reference surface 16.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble de microscopie à feuille de lumière. Au moins six unités optiques d'éclairage (14) pour éclairer un échantillon (13) sont conçues pour générer une feuille de lumière (27) hors d'un faisceau d'excitation (18) et dévier la feuille de lumière (27) sur l'échantillon (13) selon un angle non-zéro par rapport à une normale (19) à la surface de référence (16). Chaque unité optique d'éclairage (14) comprend au moins un composant de fibre optique (10), le composant de fibre optique (10) étant conçu pour coupler le faisceau d'excitation (18) généré dans une source laser (21) dans le trajet de faisceau d'éclairage (17) de l'unité optique d'éclairage (14), et les au moins six unités optiques d'éclairage (14) étant disposées de manière sensiblement hexagonale autour de la chambre d'échantillon (11). L'ensemble comprend au moins un commutateur à fibre optique (20), ledit commutateur à fibre optique (20) étant conçu pour dévier deux feuilles de lumière (27) s'étendant dans des directions opposées sur l'échantillon (13) par commutation du composant de fibre optique (10). Le commutateur à fibre optique (20) est en outre conçu pour faire tourner les feuilles de lumière (27) s'étendant dans des directions opposées d'un angle de sensiblement 60° sur un plan de la surface de référence (16) plusieurs fois. L'invention concerne également un procédé de microscopie à feuille de lumière et l'utilisation de l'ensemble de microscopie à feuille de lumière pour convertir un microscope en un microscope à feuille de lumière ou pour compléter un microscope afin de produire un microscope à feuille de lumière.
PCT/EP2020/083772 2019-12-18 2020-11-27 Ensemble et procédé de microscopie à feuille de lumière WO2021121911A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20819646.9A EP4078261A1 (fr) 2019-12-18 2020-11-27 Ensemble et procédé de microscopie à feuille de lumière

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019134947.8 2019-12-18
DE102019134947.8A DE102019134947A1 (de) 2019-12-18 2019-12-18 Anordnung und verfahren zur lichtblattmikroskopie

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CN114236801A (zh) * 2021-10-25 2022-03-25 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 光片生成装置及具有其的显微镜系统
WO2023075695A3 (fr) * 2021-10-29 2023-07-13 Agency For Science, Technology And Research Illuminateur externe, microscope et procédé de microscopie

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114236801A (zh) * 2021-10-25 2022-03-25 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 光片生成装置及具有其的显微镜系统
CN114236801B (zh) * 2021-10-25 2024-01-05 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 光片生成装置及具有其的显微镜系统
WO2023075695A3 (fr) * 2021-10-29 2023-07-13 Agency For Science, Technology And Research Illuminateur externe, microscope et procédé de microscopie

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