WO2021121450A1 - Appareil de froid à adsorption et procédé pour produire du froid d'adsorption à partir de chaleur - Google Patents

Appareil de froid à adsorption et procédé pour produire du froid d'adsorption à partir de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021121450A1
WO2021121450A1 PCT/DE2020/000303 DE2020000303W WO2021121450A1 WO 2021121450 A1 WO2021121450 A1 WO 2021121450A1 DE 2020000303 W DE2020000303 W DE 2020000303W WO 2021121450 A1 WO2021121450 A1 WO 2021121450A1
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flow
adsorption
adsorbent
refrigerant
refrigeration device
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PCT/DE2020/000303
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German (de)
English (en)
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Andreas Hartbrich
Alexander Jekow
Ruprecht Marxer
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Silica Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh
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Publication of WO2021121450A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021121450A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0438—Cooling or heating systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0446—Means for feeding or distributing gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0462—Temperature swing adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
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    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
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    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
    • F28D9/0075—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements the plates having openings therein for circulation of the heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
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    • B01D2253/104—Alumina
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/704—Solvents not covered by groups B01D2257/702 - B01D2257/7027
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J2219/32475—Composition or microstructure of the elements comprising catalytically active material involving heat exchange

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an adsorption refrigeration device for generating cold from heat with at least one adsorber module (l) operated under vacuum in adsorption and / or regeneration mode, comprising a) a housing which contains at least one heat exchanger functioning as an adsorber / desorber, the is composed of at least one adsorption register, which has vertical flow channels for the passage of a vaporous refrigerant, the flow channels being flowed around by a cross-flow cooling or heating medium for indirect cooling or heating, b) an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant , c) a condenser for condensing the vaporous refrigerant, d) an adsorbent filled into the flow channels for adsorbing or desorbing the refrigerant, e) a cooling circuit with a cooler for cooling the adsorbent during adsorption and a heating circuit for heating the refrigerant emitters saturated adsorbent during the regeneration, f) a
  • the invention also relates to a method for generating adsorption cold from heat, in which an adsorbent in at least one adsorber module placed under vacuum from one in a vacuum evaporator
  • Confirmation copy evaporated refrigerant is flowed through until the adsorbent is saturated with refrigerant, whereby the adsorbent heats up and at the same time is cooled by a cooling medium (K) led in a cross-flow to the evaporated refrigerant, then the adsorbent saturated with refrigerant is regenerated in the adsorber module by the saturated adsorbent is heated by a heating medium until the refrigerant is desorbed, the refrigerant desorbate is fed to a condenser, liquefied and the condensate is returned to the vacuum evaporator, and a control unit switches the adsorber module from adsorption to regeneration or vice versa, depending on the adsorbent load Before switching over, the adsorbent heated during the regeneration is cooled until it can be reloaded with refrigerant.
  • K cooling medium
  • a large number of adsorption refrigeration systems are known which use solid adsorbents, for example activated carbon (DE 28 01 895 A1, DE 38 08 653 C2), zeolite (DE 30 49 889 A1, DE 36 38 706 A1, DE 10 2006 011 409 B4, WO 2015 / 007274A1) or silica gel (DE 38 08 653 C2) work.
  • solid adsorbents for example activated carbon (DE 28 01 895 A1, DE 38 08 653 C2), zeolite (DE 30 49 889 A1, DE 36 38 706 A1, DE 10 2006 011 409 B4, WO 2015 / 007274A1) or silica gel (DE 38 08 653 C2) work.
  • a device for the continuous generation of heat and cold which describes an evaporator for receiving a volatile liquid in a heat-exchanging relationship with a cold heat source in such a way that the liquid through the heat-exchanging relationship with the cold heat source evaporates in the evaporator at a pressure PI and a temperature TI.
  • the vapor is adsorbed by a body made of an adsorbent material at the pressure PI and at a temperature T2 exceeding the temperature TI and is released at a pressure P2 exceeding the pressure PI and a temperature T3 exceeding the temperature T2.
  • Two bodies made of adsorbent material are used, one of which adsorbs the steam and the other body desorbs the steam.
  • the known according to DE 30 49 889 Al cooling method works with two Containers, each containing a heat exchanger made of exchanger fins, the spaces between which are filled with an adsorbent made of zeolite in the form of spheres or rods for adsorption.
  • a heating fluid flows through the heat exchanger and the exchanger fins, so that the adsorbent is heated by convection.
  • water vapor flows into the container as coolant liquid, so that the adsorbent adsorbs the water vapor.
  • this container is automatically switched to the desorption state and the other container is automatically switched to the adsorption state.
  • Solid adsorbent / cold fluid pairs of substances are operated and include two reactors containing the same solid adsorbent with a condenser and an evaporator, the reactors of the first group being alternately connected to the external heat source and the heat taken from the first group for alternating heating of the reactors second group serves.
  • Adsorption refrigeration system which comprises at least two adsorption columns, each of which receives a solid adsorbent and heat transfer tubes and a refrigerant, also has a condenser, an evaporator and pipelines equipped with valves that connect the adsorption columns to the condenser and the evaporator, so that the refrigerant flows between the adsorption columns, the adsorption columns are alternately switched into the adsorption stage and the desorption stage in such a way that at least one of the adsorption columns is in the adsorption stage and at the same time the other adsorption columns are in the desorption stage, including a heat transfer medium from a heat source for heating the Adsorbent or a coolant for cooling it through the heat transfer tubes of the adsorption columns located in the desorption stage or through the heat transfer tubes of the adsorption columns located in the adsorption stage, during the switchover process from the desorption stage to the adsorption stage and vice versa, the entire residual heat
  • DE 10 2006 011 409 B4 is a
  • Adsorption refrigeration machine which comprises at least one first and second adsorber unit, which are each connected to a flow and a return, in order to supply heat from a heat transfer medium passed through the flow into the adsorber unit or from the adsorber unit
  • Each adsorber unit works alternately in a desorption phase as a desorber, with heat being removed from the desorber from the heat transfer medium, and an adsorption phase as an adsorber, with heat being transferred from the adsorber to the heat transfer medium.
  • a control unit is provided which individually switches the feeds and the returns alternately into the heating circuit and the cooling circuit, so that the return with the highest temperature always feeds its heat transfer medium into the heating circuit.
  • Adsorbents of the alumino-silicate type of Y-zeolite are applied to the heat exchanger in the form of a granular bed, extrudates, spheres, chips and / or as a layer, ie the heat exchanger is encased or embedded in the adsorbent.
  • the distances between the individual grains in the adsorbent bed and the heat exchanger surfaces thus vary significantly, which makes the heat transfer more difficult.
  • an adsorbent layer applied to the heat exchanger surfaces is theirs Loading capacity is limited by the layer thickness alone.
  • Another known hybrid heat exchanger device for adsorptive cooling (WO 2015 / 104719A2) provides a tubular or microchannel structure on the outside of the heat exchanger surfaces, in the recesses of which are arranged that receive a granular adsorbent as a coating.
  • This known solution is also limited in its loading capacity by the layer thickness of the adsorbent in the recesses, and the exchange of used adsorbent is extremely time-consuming and complicated.
  • Plate heat exchangers for use in adsorption chillers, heat pumps and the like have also been known for a long time (DD 55046 A1, DE 1 601 215, DE 196 44 938 A1, DE 199 44 426 C2, 10 2015 214 374 A1).
  • the DD 55 046 Al describes a packet-shaped
  • Heat transfer inserts for the transfer of heat between liquid and gaseous media of different pressure consisting of parallel, angular plates, which form the flow channels, which are laterally closed by walls, as well as nozzles for connecting the lines used to supply and discharge the media involved in heat transfer .
  • the prior art (DE 37 10 823 C2) also includes a cross-flow
  • the plate element has a wall thickness of 0.5 to 1.1 mm, the embossing depth of the profiles being in the range from 3.2 to 7.0 mm and the embossing length being 10 to 20 mm.
  • the embossed shaped sheet has, as profiling, beads that are aligned in a grid-like manner in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • the heat exchanger plates are each stacked on top of one another in pairs with respect to the beads and are welded to one another at their transverse edges. The beads of the adjacent heat exchanger plates thus delimit the gap-like channels. If two such pairs of plates are stacked on top of one another and connected in the manner of a seal, the beads oriented in the other direction form tube-like channels.
  • the adjacent, pipe-like closed channels arise in one direction and the adjacent gap-like channels in the direction transverse to them.
  • the heat-exchanging media can thus flow in a cross-flow to one another.
  • an adsorption refrigerator which has at least one refrigerant evaporator for evaporating a refrigerant, at least two chambers in which an adsorbent evaporated refrigerant is adsorbed and desorbed when heated, and at least one condenser on which desorbed vaporous refrigerant precipitates.
  • the two chambers are connected to compensate for the vapor pressure of the refrigerant in them.
  • Plate heat exchangers are used in the chambers, in which the adsorbent is applied to the heat exchanger as a flat layer.
  • DE 199 44 426 C2 discloses a plate heat exchanger with cross-flow flow channels which are wave-shaped for one medium and tubular for the other medium, the tubular flow channels on the one hand between each to a pair of plates connected, provided with several parallel rows of channel-shaped embossed sections and on the other hand the wave-shaped flow sections are formed between the plate pairs joined together to form a stack of plates.
  • the embossed sections of adjacent rows are arranged offset in the longitudinal direction of the tubular flow channels.
  • an adsorption heat pump with plate heat exchanger which has at least one flow channel charged with liquid and at least one flow channel charged with refrigerant with sorbent arranged therein, and with at least one evaporator condenser for alternating evaporation and condensation of the refrigerant, wherein the evaporator-condenser has at least one flow channel charged with refrigerant and at least one flow channel charged with liquid.
  • the sorber heat exchanger and the evaporator-condenser are each designed as plate heat exchangers.
  • the plate heat exchangers are arranged vertically so that the flow through the flow channels is perpendicular.
  • the invention is based on the object of massively reducing the pressure loss resulting from the flow through the adsorbent located in the flow channels To increase the loading time and to reduce the regeneration time and to significantly increase the flow rate while at the same time improving the economy, even in the case of high-capacity adsorption refrigeration devices.
  • the heat exchanger is designed as a modified cross-flow plate heat exchanger, which comprises at least one pair of profiled sheets, which is formed from profile sheets connected by webs or troughs in mirror-image superimposed profiles, which run vertically with each other, with Include adsorbent-filled flow channels, which are connected to one another in the horizontal flow direction by flow transitions arranged in the webs / wave troughs, and that the adsorption register has a vapor distribution space assigned to the evaporator on the inflow side and a vapor deflection and distribution space assigned to the condenser on the downstream side, into which the flow channels and flow transitions open and are open at their ends, the steam distribution space being directly flow-connected to the steam deflection and distribution space via the flow channels and flow transitions, see above that evaporated refrigerant flows through the adsorbent located in the flow channels during loading both vertically upwards, horizontally sideways and vertically downwards, and that all flow channels of the adsorption
  • the profile has a semicircular, oval, triangular, trapezoidal or box-shaped shape that is open towards the top, so that the flow channels formed when the profile sheets are arranged one above the other have a tubular, wave-like, diamond-shaped, rectangular or polygonal cross-section.
  • the webs or wave troughs of the profiles of the two profile sheets are arranged by a spacer structure or spacers at a defined vertical distance from each other, the distance is smaller than the smallest grain size of the adsorbent and the distance 0.1 to 3.0 mm is so that the grains of the adsorbent can still not get into the flow transition.
  • the spacer structure / spacers offset from one another in the longitudinal direction of the profile sheets are formed, molded or arranged in the webs / corrugation troughs, the profile sheets only having to be placed in opposite directions on top of one another in pairs to create the flow channels and to form flow transitions.
  • the flow channels are provided on the inflow and outflow side with a sieve through which the vaporous refrigerant can flow, the mesh size of which is smaller than the smallest grain size of the adsorbent.
  • the embodiment of the device according to the invention further provides that the adsorbent has a grain size that is adapted to the dimensions, cross-section and shape of the flow channels so that the grains of the adsorbent are a small distance from the cooling / heating surface of the flow channel have short diffusion paths and high heat conduction, whereby short diffusion paths between the grains and a high heat conduction between the cooling / heating surfaces and the grains can be ensured.
  • Device are several pairs of profiled sheets with their flow channels and flow transitions in superimposed, spaced-apart layers 1 o, the flow channels of the lower layer being assigned to the webs or the wave troughs of the upper layer and the layers lying one on top of the other forming the flow spaces for the cooling or heating medium between them.
  • the superimposed profile plate pairs can also be separated and spaced apart by a wave-shaped flow guide and spacer plate with wave crests, the wave crests of the flow guide and spacer plate each being assigned to the web / wave trough of the profile plate pair arranged above or below.
  • the flow guide and spacer plate is a thin corrugated sheet with spacer profiles formed in the corrugation crests and exceeding the height of the corrugation crests, which are arranged offset to one another from wave crest to wave crest, with the spacer profiles in the profile sheet pairs located above and below one another intervene in a supporting manner and the respective spacer profile is firmly fixed at the end on the associated pair of profiled sheets, which results in a particularly compact design of the adsorption register with a low weight.
  • the device provides that the modified cross-flow plate heat exchanger forms a rectangular structural unit which is arranged in the interior of a rectangular or cylindrical housing, the inflow-side steam distribution space being designed as a foot part and the outflow-side steam deflection and distribution space as a head part and the distribution space for the cooling or heating medium encloses all flow spaces with open flow.
  • the structural unit has an inflow-side floor and an outflow-side floor, the respective floor either consisting of a single molded part or of several molded parts adapted to the contour of the flow channels, which are firmly connected to each other and to the profile sheet pairs.
  • adsorption registers of an adsorption module are arranged vertically one above the other and each adsorption register has the steam distribution space on the inflow side and the steam deflection and distribution space on the outflow side, the Steam deflection and distribution space of the adsorption register arranged below the upper adsorption register are in flow communication with the steam distribution space of the adsorption register arranged above the lower adsorption register.
  • the vaporous refrigerant can pass unhindered through the flow transitions into each adsorption register and can be evenly distributed over the adsorbent located in the flow channels.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention provides for continuous operation that at least two interconnected adsorber modules are provided, of which the first adsorber module is switched in adsorption mode and the second adsorber module in regeneration mode or vice versa, the adsorber module having a steam Distribution area, a steam deflection and distribution area and an outer distribution area and the adsorber module has a steam distribution area, a steam deflection and distribution area and an outer distribution area, the outer distribution areas for the heating and cooling medium being connected to one another in flow connection .
  • the adsorber module can be designed to be self-sufficient and separate, and several of these self-sufficient and separate adsorber modules can be interconnected.
  • the vacuum evaporator is provided with a droplet separator, heat exchanger and a vacuum pump, the vacuum evaporator with the foot-side steam distribution chamber via connecting lines and a shut-off valve with the flow channels and flow transitions of the Adsorption register of the adsorber modules is in flow connection.
  • the steam distribution spaces are the adsorption modules Flanged on the inflow side via nozzles on a container wall of the evaporator and the vapor deflection and distribution spaces on the outflow side via nozzles on the wall of the condenser, the respective shut-off valves being arranged in the nozzle for opening and shutting off the vacuum evaporator or condenser (17).
  • the condenser is flow-connected via a supply line and a connecting line connecting the steam deflection and distribution spaces, which has a shut-off valve assigned to the steam deflection and distribution space, the condenser being connected by a with a pressure-controlled valve provided condensate line for discharging the condensate is connected to the vacuum evaporator.
  • Apparatus branches a supply line for the cooling and heating circuit, which integrates the distribution rooms on the inflow side, into two supply lines arranged in parallel, whereby a supply line for the cooled cooling medium connected to the cooler is integrated into one supply line and a supply line for the heated heating medium is integrated into the other supply line the flow lines are provided with shut-off valves in the flow direction after the branching, which are arranged in the flow direction before the supply line for the cooled cooling medium is integrated in the flow line and before the supply line for the heated heating medium is integrated in the other flow line.
  • a return line exiting the distribution chambers for the cooling and heating circuit branches into two parallel return lines, the return line being flow-connected to the cooler by a discharge line via a buffer tank for the heated cooling medium and a pump and the return line being connected to the cooler a discharge line for the cooled heating medium is connected to a heating source, and that the return lines in the flow direction after the branch with Shut-off valves are provided, which are each arranged in the flow direction before the connection of the discharge line for the heated cooling medium in the return line and before the connection of the discharge line for the cooled heating medium in the other return line.
  • waste heat is used as the heating source, which is preferably produced in compressors, solar thermal systems, compressors, electrolyses, CHP units or other processes.
  • the device is the adsorbent a silica gel ⁇ , aluminum oxide gel ⁇ , molecular sieve or activated carbon bulk or consists of a mixture thereof.
  • the bed can be introduced into the vertical flow channels simply by loosening the flow screens arranged at the top and, after exhaustion of the adsorbent, removed from the flow channels again by removing the flow screens closing the flow channels at the bottom.
  • the refrigerant preferably consists of water or a water-alcohol mixture.
  • the latter is used when lower refrigerant temperatures are required.
  • the cooling and heating medium used is water or water mixed with stabilizers, preferably glycol, corrosion inhibitors or biocides.
  • the device suggests that, in order to determine the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant vapor, the vapor distribution spaces and vapor deflection and distribution spaces of the adsorber modules are provided with pressure / temperature sensors that are connected to the control unit via control lines, which are outputted by a Command causes the shut-off valves to be opened or closed according to the operating status.
  • the vapor pressure in the vacuum evaporator is monitored by a pressure-regulated valve arranged in the condensate line and the pressure of the refrigerant vapor leaving the vacuum evaporator is monitored by a pressure sensor arranged in the connecting line to the steam distribution chambers.
  • the temperatures of the cooling and heating medium are recorded by temperature sensors in the Supply line to the condenser, the supply line for the cooled coolant and the discharge line for the heated coolant are arranged.
  • the performance of the device is freely selectable in length, width and height as a result of its significantly lower pressure loss compared to the known prior art due to the number of adsorption modules and the adsorption register, so that the The cooling capacity of the device can be optimally adapted to the technical requirements and tasks.
  • the adsorber modules are made of metallic materials with good thermal conductivity, preferably made of stainless steel, copper or the like.
  • the adsorption registers can therefore be made particularly thin-walled, so that the adsorber modules are lightweight, compact, can be connected in a materially bonded manner, and are easy to assemble and maintenance-free.
  • the object is achieved with the method according to the invention in that the vapor flow of the refrigerant is fanned out into partial flows AS1, AS2, AS3 through flow channels and flow transitions of a modified cross-flow plate heat exchanger opening into a vapor distribution space of the adsorption register during adsorption that the partial flow ASl flows vertically through the adsorbent located in the flow channels, the partial flow AS2 branches through flow transitions connected to the flow channels in its vertical upward flow into partial flows AS3 and AS4, the partial flow AS3 flowing sideways in and out of the adsorbent and the partial flow AS4, after deflection in a steam deflection and distribution space, acts on the adsorbent in the flow channels in a vertical downward direction, so that the vapor of the refrigerant is evenly distributed on the adsorbent, and that during the rain eration, the desorbing refrigerant from the adsorbent is fanned out into vaporous substreams RS1, RS2, RS3 so that
  • the further embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the flow transitions are set to a distance between the ridges / wave troughs that is smaller than the grain size of the adsorbent, the distance being 0.1 to 3.0 mm. This ensures that the grains of the adsorbent cannot get into and through the flow transitions.
  • the flow channels of the adsorption register are filled with silica gel, aluminum oxide gel, molecular sieves, activated carbon or mixtures thereof.
  • the refrigerant used is water or a water-alcohol mixture and the cooling and heating medium used is water or water mixed with stabilizers, preferably glycol, corrosion inhibitors or biocides.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a pair of profiled sheets, which is formed from laterally reversed superimposed profiled sheets,
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the flow channels and the
  • 3b is a perspective view of two superimposed
  • Fig. 3c is a top view of Fig. 2,
  • FIG. 3d shows a perspective illustration of the flow guide and spacer plates inserted in the flow spaces between the profile plate pairs
  • FIG. 4b shows the structure of the floor according to FIG. 4a
  • Evaporator and condenser with an upstream vapor distribution space for the vaporous refrigerant, a downstream vapor deflection and distribution space for the refrigerant and a peripheral distribution space for the cooling and heating medium,
  • FIG. 6 shows a side view of an adsorber module made up of, for example, two adsorption registers arranged one above the other,
  • FIG. 7a and 7b schematic representations of the structure of the device according to the invention with vacuum evaporator, condenser, cooler, cooling and heating circuit during adsorbing / desorbing and cooling,
  • Evaporator flanged adsorber modules without peripherals and 9a and 9b show a section along the line BB of FIG. 5 with a schematic representation of the application of the adsorbent with the vaporous refrigerant during adsorption and desorption.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a profile sheet pair 26 of an adsorption register 6 or 7, consisting of thin rectangular profile sheets 25 made of stainless steel, in a perspective view.
  • the two profile sheets preferably have a thickness of 0.3 mm, for example.
  • semicircular or wave-shaped profiles 27 are formed which are connected to one another by webs or wave troughs 28 and are spaced apart from one another.
  • the webs or corrugated valleys 28 are provided with an integrally formed lump-like or corrugated spacer structure 29 which has a defined height and which are arranged offset to one another along the webs or wave troughs 28.
  • the two profiled sheets 25 are mirror-inverted, that is, placed one on top of the other, and form in the longitudinal direction LR parallel adjacent, spaced apart flow channels 30 into which an adsorbent AM, for example a bed of silica gel, aluminum oxide gel, molecular sieves or activated carbon or mixtures from it, is brought in.
  • an adsorbent AM for example a bed of silica gel, aluminum oxide gel, molecular sieves or activated carbon or mixtures from it, is brought in.
  • the profile 27 can also have a wavy, semi-oval, triangular, trapezoidal, polygonal or box-shaped shape, so that when the two profile sheets 25 are arranged one above the other, flow channels 30 with a tubular, oval, diamond-shaped, polygonal or rectangular cross-section arise.
  • the flow channels 30 filled with adsorbent AM there is hardly any convection, but practically only heat conduction / heat radiation.
  • the particles of the adsorbent AM are at a small distance from the cooling or heating surface F (inner wall) of the respective flow channel 30 or touch it directly, so that a good heat flow from the cooling or heating surface into or from the grains with short diffusion paths is ensured can be.
  • the adsorbent AM has a grain size which is adapted to the dimensions, the cross section and the shape of the flow channels 30 so that the grains of the adsorbent AM are at a distance of significantly less than 5 mm from the cooling / heating surface F of the respective Have flow channel 30.
  • Profile sheets 25 have a defined distance A from one another due to the height of the spacer structure or spacers and act as flow transitions 31 which run in the longitudinal direction LR of the profile sheets 25 over their entire length L and the adjacent vertical flow channels 30 one below the other in the lateral direction (see Fig. 2) flow connect.
  • the distance between the webs or wave troughs 28 is dimensioned such that it is smaller than the smallest grain size of the adsorbent used.
  • the distance A can be 0.1 to 3.0 mm.
  • the evaporated refrigerant KM can thus reach the adsorbent AM both vertically upwards, vertically downwards and sideways without any significant pressure loss. This has the advantage of fast and high loading with low pressure loss.
  • the flow channels 30 and the flow transitions 31 for the vaporous refrigerant KM are preferably arranged vertically in the adsorption register 6 and 7, respectively.
  • the adsorbent AM can simply be poured into the flow channels 30, which results in a high degree of flexibility in the selection of the adsorbents.
  • the profiled sheet metal pairs 26 are located one above the other
  • Layers 26a and 26b are arranged, the flow channels 30 of the lower layer 26b being assigned to the webs or the corrugated valleys 28 of the upper layer 26a and the mutually facing layers 26a and 26b forming the flow channels 34 between them, so that the cooling or heating medium K or H can be guided in a cross flow to the refrigerant KM flowing in the flow channels 30.
  • the webs or wave troughs 28 of the layers 26a and 26b lying one above the other or below one another are offset V from one another.
  • Flow guide and spacer plates 33 can be used, which make it possible to guide the cooling or heating medium K or H to the refrigerant KM in multiple ways, even in cross-countercurrent.
  • spacer profiles 33a are formed at regular intervals from one another, each of which engages alternately in a supporting manner in the area formed by the offset V of the profile sheet pairs arranged one above the other, the spacer profile 33a on the respective profile sheet pair 26 initially and at the end with a material fit is attached, so that a displacement of the flow guide spacer plate 33 is excluded (see Fig. 3c).
  • the spacer profiles 33a in the adjacent wave crests WB of the flow guide and spacer plate 33 are offset from one another at a gap 68, so that flow paths SF arise which force the cross-flow cooling or heating medium K, H to deflect and thereby create turbulence for an effective heat exchange.
  • An example of a flow path SF is indicated by arrows in FIG. 3d.
  • Pairs of profiled sheets composed of structural unit 4a or 5a of a cross-flow plate heat exchanger 4 and 5, respectively.
  • the pairs of profiled sheets 26 penetrate with their flow channels 30 and flow transitions 31 an inflow-side floor 69 and an outflow-side floor 70.
  • the bases 69 and 70 are composed of molded parts 69.1 to 69. n and 70.1 to 70. n, the contour of which is adapted to the shape and dimensions of the profiled sheet metal pairs 26, expediently by laser cutting.
  • the molded parts are joined together with the inserted profile sheet metal pairs 26 along the contour and materially connected by laser welding or brazing, so that an essentially rectangular apparatus is created that can be inserted into a rectangular or cylindrical housing 3 as required.
  • the joining direction is indicated by an arrow in FIG. 2b.
  • modified cross-flow plate heat exchanger 4 or arranged in the form of the structural unit 4a or 5a.
  • the modified cross-flow plate heat exchanger 4 differs from the known plate heat exchangers in that the flow channels 30 filled with adsorbent AM are connected to one another in the horizontal direction over the entire length of the flow channels 30 by flow transitions 31, so that the adsorbent AM is adsorbed vertically upwards , horizontally sideways and vertically downwards with refrigerant KM and pressure losses when flowing through are largely avoided.
  • the inflow-side floor 69 of the structural unit 4a is together with a head part 71 of the adsorber module 1 or 2 belonging to the housing 2 at the end of the wall 72 of the
  • the outflow-side floor 70 of the structural unit 4a and a foot part 73 flanged on the end face of the wall 72 of the housing shell 3a forms a vapor deflection and distribution space 9 into which the outflowing refrigerant KM arrives after leaving the flow channels 30.
  • the structural unit 4a or 5a arranged in the interior of the housing 3 is surrounded by a distribution space 10 for the supply and discharge of a cooling or heating medium K or H, for example water, which is located between the wall 72 of the housing shell 3a and the structural unit 4a or 5a is formed.
  • a cooling or heating medium K or H for example water
  • Profiled sheet metal pairs 26 lying one above the other form flow spaces 34 with one another, which flow openly into the distribution space 10, so that the cooling medium or the heating medium K or H can be guided through the flow spaces 34.
  • the flow guide and spacer plates 33 are arranged in the flow spaces 34, turbulence occurs in the cooling or heating medium K or H, which significantly improves the effectiveness of the heat exchange.
  • FIG. 6 for example, two structurally identical modified cross-flow plate heat exchangers 4 and 5, which are arranged vertically one above the other and are designed as adsorption registers 6 and 7, are shown.
  • the vapor distribution space 8 of the upper adsorption register 7 is flow-connected to the vapor deflection and distribution space 9 of the adsorption register 6 below, so that the refrigerant KM can flow through the superimposed adsorption registers 6 and 7 without any significant pressure loss.
  • the profile sheet pairs 26 consist of metallic material with a high thermal conductivity, preferably stainless steel, have a thickness of 0.1 to 1.0 mm, can be welded and brazed, corrosion-resistant and permanently tight.
  • FIG. 7a shows the adsorber module 1 during adsorption and the adsorber module 2 in the desorption mode.
  • the steam distribution chamber 8a or 8b on the inflow side is connected to the vacuum evaporator 13 via a connecting line 12 provided with a shut-off valve 11a or 11b, via which the vapor of the refrigerant KM is fed to the respective steam distribution chamber 8a or 8b.
  • the steam distribution spaces 8a and 8b of the adsorber modules 1 and 2 are connected by the connecting line 12, each of which is connected by the shut-off valve 11a, which is integrated in the connecting line 12 and assigned to the steam distribution space 8a, and a shut-off valve 11a which is integrated in the connecting line 12 and is the steam Shut-off valve 11b assigned to distribution space 8b can be shut off or opened.
  • the shut-off valve 11a assigned to the adsorber module 1 is open and the shut-off valve 1 lb assigned to the adsorber module 2 is closed.
  • the connecting line 12 leads into the vapor distribution space 8a or 8b, to which a pressure and temperature sensor 40a is assigned, which detects the pressure and temperature of the vapor of the refrigerant KM in the vapor distribution space 8a or 8b and transfers it to the control unit 39 the control line 38 is connected.
  • the downstream steam deflection and distribution spaces 9a and 9b are connected to one another by a connecting line 14 in which shut-off valves 15a and 15b are integrated, of which the shut-off valve 15a, the steam deflection and distribution space 9a and the shut-off valve 15b is assigned to the steam deflection and distribution space 9b.
  • a supply line 16 for the desorbate vapor leaving the vapor deflection and distribution spaces 9a and 9b binds between the two shut-off valves 15a and 15b in the connecting line 14 and leads to the condenser 17, which is connected to the vacuum evaporator 13 via a condensate line 18 communicates.
  • shut-off valve 15a assigned to the steam deflection distribution space 9a is closed and the shut-off valve 15b assigned to the steam deflection distribution space 9b is opened.
  • the vapor pressure of the desorbate vapor is determined by the vapor
  • Pressure and temperature sensor 40b associated with deflection and distribution spaces 9a and 9b, respectively, which is connected to control unit 39 via control line 38.
  • the supply line 16 leads to the condenser 17.
  • the supply line 16 is on the inlet side before the condenser 17 with a temperature sensor 41a and the condensate line 18 on the outlet side after the condenser 17 with a temperature sensor 41c and a pressure sensor 42 which detect the temperature of the desorbate vapor upstream of the condenser 17 and the temperature and pressure of the condensate leaving the condenser.
  • the temperature sensors 41a and 41c and the pressure sensor 42 are electrically connected to the control unit 39 via the control line 38.
  • a pressure-regulated valve 43 is integrated into the condensate line 18, which monitors the negative pressure in the vacuum evaporator 13 and opens the condensate line 18 when the negative pressure in the vacuum evaporator 13 increases, whereby condensate from the condenser 17 enters the vacuum evaporator 13 and an almost constant evaporator pressure, for example 10 mbar, is guaranteed is.
  • the valve 43 can be designed as an independently regulating unit or it can be controlled electrically by the control unit 39.
  • a cooling circuit 19 and a heating circuit 20 are incorporated into the distribution spaces 10a and 10b of the adsorber modules 1 and 2.
  • the distribution space 10a of the respective adsorption register 6 or 7 leading into the flow spaces 34 is connected to a flow line 22 that can be opened and shut off.
  • the distribution space 10a is connected on the outflow side via a return line 24 that can be opened and shut off.
  • the cooling circuit 19 consists of the inflow side in the distribution rooms
  • 10a and 10b integrating flow line 22, the return line 24 leading on the outflow side from the distribution spaces 10a and 10b, a discharge line 44 connected to the return line 24a for the heated cooling medium, a buffer tank 48, a pump 61 and a cooler 47, which on the outflow side over a feed line 50 is connected to the flow line 22b.
  • the temperature of the heated cooling medium is determined by a temperature sensor 41b which is assigned to the discharge line 44 and which is connected to the control unit 39 via the control line 38.
  • the cooler 47 cools the cooling medium, preferably water, which has absorbed the adsorption heat generated during adsorption, for example from 35.degree. C. to 30.degree.
  • the feed line 50 feeds the cooling medium cooled by the cooler 47 into the feed line 22b.
  • the temperature of the cooling medium cooled by the cooler 47 is detected by a temperature sensor 41e integrated in the supply line 50 and transmitted to the via the control line 38 Control unit 39 transmitted.
  • shut-off valves 46a or 46b and 46c or 46d assigned to the adsorption register 6 or 7, respectively
  • the return lines 24a and 24b, respectively have shut-off valves 49a or 49b and 49c or 49d, which are assigned to the downstream side.
  • the shut-off valves 46a to 46d and 49a to 49d are electrically connected via the control line 38 to the control unit 39 for outputting a command to the actuators of the shut-off valves, not shown, to open or close them.
  • the heating circuit 20 consists of a heating source 56, the waste heat from industrial processes or the like, for example from electrolysis, compressors, CHP, solar or the like. uses.
  • the heating source 56 feeds the heating medium H, preferably water at a temperature of 90 ° C., for example, via a feed line 45 into the flow line 22a on the inflow side into the distribution chamber 10b of the adsorber module 2, the shut-off valve 46c assigned to the adsorber module 2 being opened and the shut-off valve 46a assigned to the adsorber module 1 is closed.
  • a discharge line 55 leads to the heating source 56, in which the heating medium H, which has been cooled to 85 ° C., for example, is reheated.
  • the heating medium H flows through the horizontal flow channels 34 and heats the adsorbent which is located in the flow channels 30 and is saturated with refrigerant KM to such an extent that the refrigerant KM desorbs.
  • the desorbed refrigerant KM reaches the connecting line 14 via the steam deflection and distribution space 9b and into the condenser 17 via the supply line 16.
  • the corresponding shut-off valve 15b in the connection line 14 is open, which connects the steam deflection and distribution space 9a associated shut-off valve 15a, however, closed.
  • the refrigerant KM for example water with a temperature of
  • Buffer container 51 is fed into the vacuum evaporator 13 via a pump 52 and a delivery line 53, the amount of refrigerant KM (water) supplied to the vacuum evaporator 13 being adjusted so that the evaporated amount of refrigerant KM corresponds approximately to the amount supplied so that the vacuum Evaporator 103 can operate at an approximately constant negative pressure.
  • a temperature sensor 41d is arranged in the refrigerant supply 57 in front of the buffer container 51, which is electrically connected to the control unit 39 via the control line 38.
  • the pressure of the refrigerant KM is determined with a pressure sensor 54 integrated in the delivery line 53, which is connected to the control unit 39 via the control line 38.
  • the vacuum evaporator 13 consists of a container 58 in which a
  • Heat exchanger 59 and a droplet separator 60 is arranged.
  • the container 58 is with liquid refrigerant
  • the container 58 is connected to a vacuum pump, not shown, which lowers the pressure in the container 58 to the evaporation pressure of the refrigerant KM, whereby the liquid refrigerant KM evaporates depending on the negative pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant as a result of the evaporation KM drops to 12 ° C, for example.
  • the refrigerant (water) cooled in this way is discharged via the cold water discharge 21 to a consumer for further use, for example for cooling rooms by an air conditioning system or for cooling industrial processes.
  • the temperature of the cold water discharged from the vacuum evaporator 13 is detected by a temperature sensor 41f located in or on the cold water discharge line 21, which is connected to the control unit 39 via the control line 38.
  • Adsorber module 2 in the desorption state (see Fig. 7a).
  • the shut-off valve 15a arranged in the connecting line 14 of the steam diverting and distributing space 9a is closed and the shut-off valve 15b associated with the steam diverting and distributing space 9b in the connecting line 14 is open.
  • the shut-off valve 46b assigned to the adsorber module 1 at the foot of the cooling circuit 19 in the flow line 22 is open and the shut-off valve 46a in the flow line 22a is closed, while the one belonging to the adsorber module 2 in the
  • the shut-off valve 46d located in the feed line 22b is closed and the shut-off valve 46c arranged in the feed line 22a is open.
  • the shut-off valve 49c located in the return line 24a is in the closed position and the shut-off valve 49d arranged in the return line 24b is in the open position.
  • the cooling medium cooled in the cooler 47 reaches the flow spaces 34 via the supply line 50, the open shut-off valve 46b and the flow line 22b, where it absorbs the heat of adsorption by conduction.
  • the cooling medium heated in this way leaves the adsorber module 1 on the outflow side and is discharged via the open shut-off valve 49a and the return line 24 into the discharge line 44 to the cooler 47.
  • the cooling of the adsorbent AM is maintained over the entire duration of the adsorption.
  • a feed line 45 connected to an external heat source 56, for a heating medium H, preferably water at a temperature of about 90 ° C, is connected to the flow line 22a and enters the horizontal flow channels 34 of the adsorber module 2 via the open shut-off valve 46c and the distribution chamber 10b and the adsorbent AM located in the vertical flow channels 30 heats up to such an extent that the adsorbed refrigerant KM desorbs from the adsorbent AM and as a vaporous desorbate via the vapor deflection and distribution space 9b with the shut-off valve 15b open via the connecting line 14 and supply line 16 into the condenser 17 where the desorbate vapor condenses, which is discharged as condensate via the condensate line 18 into the vacuum evaporator 13 in accordance with the required amount.
  • a heating medium H preferably water at a temperature of about 90 ° C
  • the heating medium H cooled after flowing through the flow spaces 34 flows back through the open shut-off valve 49d via the return line 24b and the discharge line 55 to the heating source 56, which heats the heating medium H again. This takes place until no more refrigerant KM is desorbed and the desorption process is thus completed.
  • Fig. 7b shows the circuit of the adsorber modules 1 and 2 during adsorption and cooling.
  • the adsorber module 1 and 2 in the adsorption state and in the regeneration state must be cooled in order to dissipate the adsorption heat generated in the adsorbent during the adsorption and to cool down the heated adsorbent in the adsorption module 2 again after the desorption, so that the adsorbent AM in the adsorption module 2 after the Switching from the regeneration to the adsorption state can again take up refrigerant KM.
  • the shut-off valve 15b in the connecting line 14 is closed.
  • the cooling of the adsorbent AM in the adsorber module 1 is maintained and the heating of the adsorbent AM in the adsorber module 2 is ended.
  • the shut-off valves 46c and 49d belonging to the heating circuit 20 in the flow line 22a and 24b are closed and the shut-off valves 46d and 49c belonging to the cooling are brought from the closed position into the open position, so that in addition to cooling the adsorbent AM in the adsorber module 1, the Adsorbent AM heated to desorption temperature is cooled in adsorber module 2.
  • the cooling is continued until the adsorbent AM in the adsorber module 2 has cooled down to such an extent that the adsorbent AM reaches its full loading capacity, for example at a temperature below 30.degree.
  • the cooler 47 is designed as an air cooler in terms of performance so that the cooling of the adsorbent AM in the adsorber module 1 can be carried out during the adsorption and, in addition, the cooling of the adsorbent AM in the adsorber module 2 after the desorption.
  • Desorption state and can be switched to the cooling state.
  • shut-off valves 11a, 11b, 15a, 15b, 46a to 46d and 49a to 49d are controlled by the control unit 39 in accordance with the operating values determined by the pressure and temperature sensors 40a and 40b.
  • FIG. 8 shows the arrangement of two adsorber modules 1 and 2 flanged to the horizontal container wall 63 of the vacuum evaporator 13 by means of nozzles 62.
  • Each of the adsorber modules 1 and 2 consists of two adsorption registers 6 and 7, respectively, arranged one above the other 62 shut-off valves 64 or 65 and 66 or 67 are arranged so that the cost of the interconnection can be reduced.
  • the sequence of the method according to the invention is now shown.
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b in conjunction with FIGS. 9a and 9b, which show a section along the line B B in FIG.
  • the connecting line 14, which leads to the condenser 17 via the feed line 16, is closed by the shut-off valve 15a, whereas the shut-off valve 15b is open, so that the connecting line 14 and the feed line 16 to the condenser 17 are open.
  • the shut-off valve 11a is open and the part of the connection line 12 leading to the vapor distribution space 8b is closed by the shut-off valve 11b, so that the vapor of the refrigerant KM in the vacuum evaporator 13 reaches the vapor distribution space 8a via the connection line 12. This is where the method according to the invention comes into play.
  • the vapor flow DS of the refrigerant KM in the inflow-side vapor distribution space 8a is divided into partial flows AS1 and AS2 through the flow channels 30 opening into the vapor distribution space 8a and the flow transitions 31 laterally connected to the flow channels 30 the partial flow AS1 flows vertically through the adsorbent AM located in the flow channel 30 and the partial flow AS2 can flow vertically upwards through the flow transitions 31 without any significant pressure loss.
  • the partial flow AS2 divides into a part AS3 flowing sideways into the adsorbent AM and a vertically upward flowing part AS4 which reaches the steam deflection and distribution space 9a and is deflected there as a result of the closed shut-off valve 15a, whereby the Adsorbent AM located in the flow channels 30 is acted upon in a vertical downward flow. Due to the lateral flow of adsorbent AM in the flow channels 30, the pressure loss when flowing through can be significantly reduced and the loading time can be significantly reduced.
  • the adsorbent AM located in the flow channels 30 of the adsorption register 6 is cooled by a cooling medium K which is fed to the flow spaces 34.
  • the cooling medium K passes through the inflow-side supply line 22b and line 22, which are opened by the shut-off valve 46b, into the vertical distribution space 10a and from there into the flow spaces 34 Heat via the return line 24a opened by the shut-off valve 49a, the discharge line 44, the buffer container 48 and the pump 61 into the cooler 47.
  • the temperature of the heated cooling medium K is recorded by a temperature sensor 41b before it enters the buffer container 48 and transmitted from this via the control line 38 to the control unit 39, which controls the pump 61 in order to set the flow rate of cooling medium K into the cooler.
  • the adsorbent AM in the adsorber module 2 has adsorbed the refrigerant KM and is saturated with the refrigerant KM.
  • the part of the connecting line 12 leading to the steam distribution chamber 8b of the adsorber module 2 on the inflow side is closed by the shut-off valve 11b and the part of the connecting line 14 leading to the condenser 17 is opened by the shut-off valve 15b.
  • the adsorbent AM located in the flow channels 30 is heated until the refrigerant KM is completely desorbed from the adsorbent AM.
  • the heating medium H for example water
  • heated by an external heating source 56 is fed via the supply line 45 and the part of the flow line 22a opened by the shut-off valve 46c into the vertical distribution space 10b, which is in flow connection with the flow spaces 34.
  • the heating medium H transfers its heat in a cross flow to the vertical flow channels 30 and the flow transitions 31 via the heating surface F to the adsorbent AM until there is no longer any refrigerant KM in the adsorbent AM. Via the part of the outflow-side return line 24b that is opened by the shut-off valve 49d, the heating medium H reaches the discharge line 55 to the heating source 56, in which it is heated up again. When the adsorbent AM is heated, the refrigerant KM is expelled from the adsorbent AM as desorbate vapor.
  • the adsorbed refrigerant KM is divided into vaporous substreams RS1, RS2 and RS3 when it is expelled.
  • the partial flow RSl flows out of the adsorbent located in the flow channel 30 AM directed vertically upwards.
  • a laterally directed partial flow RS 2 branches off from the partial flow RS1, which flows sideways out of the adsorbent AM and forms a vertically upward partial flow RS3 in the flow transition 31, which reaches the steam deflection and distribution space 9b and from there together with the inflowing Part of the partial flow RSl is discharged into the condenser 17 as desorbate vapor DD via the connecting line 14 opened by the shut-off valve 15b and the feed line 16.
  • the desorbate vapor is liquefied in the condenser 17, as a result of which heat of condensation is released, which is released to the outside as heat.
  • the condensate is fed via the condensate line 18 to the evaporator 13, where it is evaporated and thereby heat is extracted from the refrigerant KM located in the evaporator 13, whereby the temperature of the refrigerant KM drops to temperatures that can be used for cooling purposes.
  • An optimal heat transfer from the cooling / heating medium to the adsorbent located in the flow channels is achieved through the small distances between the cooling / heating surfaces and the grain of the adsorbent.
  • the evaporated refrigerant reaches the adsorbent in the flow channels without any significant loss of pressure, which ensures rapid and high loading.
  • the modified cross-flow plate heat exchangers have a significantly reduced proportion of material to be heated or cooled compared to the known heat exchangers, and are therefore more compact and can be of modular construction.
  • the adsorbent can simply be introduced into the flow channels as a bed or removed from them again.
  • the assemblies of the adsorption refrigeration device consist of metallic materials, preferably stainless steel, which are permanently joined, leak-proof and corrosion-resistant and, thanks to their external accessibility, are easy to assemble and maintenance-free. 7.
  • the mass of the adsorption registers allow free scalability in length, width and height as well as the performance parameters from small to large output sizes, for example between 30 kW to over 1000 kW.
  • Adsorption register 6 7, inflow-side steam distribution space 8, 8a, 8b, downstream-side steam deflection and distribution space 9, 9a, 9b

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de froid à adsorption et un procédé pour produire du froid d'adsorption à partir de chaleur, l'échangeur de chaleur se présentant, dans l'adsorbeur/le désorbeur comme un échangeur de chaleur à plaques à courant croisé (4,5 ) modifié qui comprend au moins une paire de tôles profilées (26), laquelle se compose de tôles profilées (25) présentant des profilés (27), superposés de manière symétrique spéculaire et reliés par des éléments de liaison ou des creux d'ondulations (28), les tôles profilées délimitant des canaux d'écoulement (30) remplis d'agent d'adsorption (AM), lesquels sont reliés entre eux dans le sens d'écoulement horizontal par des passages d'écoulement (31) ménagés dans les éléments de liaison/creux d'ondulations (28), et le registre d'adsorption (6) présente côté afflux une chambre de répartition de vapeur (8) associée à l'évaporateur (13) et côté évacuation, une chambre d'inversion et de répartition de vapeur (9) associée au condenseur (17), dans lesquelles débouchent les canaux d'écoulement (30) et les passages d'écoulement (31) et sont conçues ouvertes à leurs extrémités, la chambre de répartition de vapeur (8) étant reliée directement en écoulement avec la chambre d'inversion et de répartition de vapeur (9) par l'intermédiaire des canaux d'écoulement (30) et des passages d'écoulement (31), de sorte que l'agent de refroidissement (KM) évaporé parcourt lors du chargement l'agent d'adsorption (AM) situé dans les canaux d'écoulement (30) aussi bien verticalement vers le haut, horizontalement latéralement que verticalement vers le bas, et tous les canaux d'écoulement (30) du registre d'adsorption (6) sont entourés par une chambre de répartition (10) pour l'afflux et l'évacuation du milieu de refroidissement ou de chauffage (K; H) guidé en courant croisé dans des espaces d'écoulement (34).
PCT/DE2020/000303 2019-12-17 2020-12-04 Appareil de froid à adsorption et procédé pour produire du froid d'adsorption à partir de chaleur WO2021121450A1 (fr)

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DE102020007211.9A DE102020007211A1 (de) 2019-12-17 2020-11-25 Adsorptionskältevorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Adsorptionskälte aus Wärme
DE102020007211.9 2020-11-25

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PCT/DE2020/000303 WO2021121450A1 (fr) 2019-12-17 2020-12-04 Appareil de froid à adsorption et procédé pour produire du froid d'adsorption à partir de chaleur
PCT/DE2020/000304 WO2021121451A1 (fr) 2019-12-17 2020-12-04 Procédé et réacteur pour réactions catalytiques exothermes en phase gazeuse
PCT/DE2020/000305 WO2021121452A1 (fr) 2019-12-17 2020-12-04 Procédé et adsorbeur à profilé creux destiné au traitement d'un gaz chargé de composants nocifs et/ utiles

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DE102022000430A1 (de) 2022-01-26 2023-07-27 Apodis Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem für ein Brennstoffzellenfahrzeug
DE102022000431A1 (de) 2022-01-26 2023-07-27 Apodis Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem für ein Brennstoffzellenfahrzeug
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WO2021121451A1 (fr) 2021-06-24
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DE102020007214A1 (de) 2021-07-01
WO2021121452A1 (fr) 2021-06-24
DE102020007211A1 (de) 2021-06-17

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