WO2021120448A1 - 外科器械 - Google Patents

外科器械 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021120448A1
WO2021120448A1 PCT/CN2020/083050 CN2020083050W WO2021120448A1 WO 2021120448 A1 WO2021120448 A1 WO 2021120448A1 CN 2020083050 W CN2020083050 W CN 2020083050W WO 2021120448 A1 WO2021120448 A1 WO 2021120448A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
surgical instrument
clutch
state
retracting
transmission member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/083050
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙宝峰
张志星
Original Assignee
江苏风和医疗器材股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江苏风和医疗器材股份有限公司 filed Critical 江苏风和医疗器材股份有限公司
Publication of WO2021120448A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021120448A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3209—Incision instruments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214—Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07285—Stapler heads characterised by its cutter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surgical instrument, in particular to a medical stapler.
  • the stapler suitable for surgical operation is a surgical instrument that can remove excess tissue while suturing the wound of the patient. It is widely used in the removal and anastomosis of tissue in minimally invasive surgery such as abdominal surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, and thoracic surgery. Surgical instruments enter the human body through the cannula of a trocar that is accurately positioned at the surgical site, and then make a longitudinal incision in the tissue and apply sutures on the opposite side of the incision, thereby separating and stapling the tissue, similar to a stapler.
  • the surgical instrument includes an end effector, the end effector includes a staple cartridge seat and a staple abutment seat, the staple cartridge seat is used to receive the staple cartridge; the surgical instrument also includes a cutting member, the cutting member is operable relative to the staple cartridge seat
  • the cutting member includes a supporting portion and a cutting knife connected to the supporting portion, and when the end effector is closed, the supporting portion enters the nail abutment seat groove of the nail abutment seat.
  • the motor can provide power for surgical instruments, saving time and effort in operation.
  • the motor rotates forward to move the cutting member from the initial position to the end position in the end effector of the surgical instrument, and the cutting member synchronously pushes the staple block of the staple cartridge assembly to move from the initial position to the end position.
  • the motor can also be reversed to reset the cutting member to the initial position, so that the support part exits the nail seat groove of the nail seat, thereby opening the end effector, loosening the tissue, and then closing the end effector, Remove the surgical instrument from the puncture cannula.
  • the instrument when the motor fails to rotate or the battery or other power supply for the motor fails, or cannot provide sufficient power to the surgical instrument, the instrument must be taken out immediately and replaced with a new one.
  • the end effector of the surgical instrument may be in a locked state, the cutting member is located in the end effector, the end effector cannot be opened, the clamped tissue cannot be separated from the end effector, and the surgical instrument cannot be punctured Remove the sleeve of the device. At this time, it is necessary to expand the puncture hole or switch to open surgery, and even cause medical accidents.
  • the present invention aims to provide a surgical instrument that can manually retract the cutting member when the circuit including the motor and the power supply fails.
  • a surgical instrument including a cutting member, a transmission member connected with the cutting member, a driving mechanism and a knife retracting mechanism for driving the transmission member, the driving mechanism and the knife retracting mechanism Alternatively coupled with the transmission member, the driving mechanism is coupled with the transmission member to drive the cutting member to advance or retract, and the knife retreat mechanism is coupled with the transmission member to drive the cutting member to retract A knife, the surgical instrument further includes a clutch and a switch, the clutch is used to urge the driving mechanism to decouple from the transmission member; the surgical instrument has two states, in the first state, The switching member is mated with the knife retracting mechanism to stop the knife retracting mechanism, and the driving mechanism is coupled with the transmission member; in the second state, the driving mechanism is decoupled from the transmission member, so The switching member is matched with the clutch member to stop the clutch member, and the knife retracting mechanism is coupled with the transmission member.
  • the switching member in the first state, is in snap-fit with the retracting mechanism; in the second state, the switching member is in snap-fit with the clutch.
  • the switching member includes a main body, the main body has a first end and a second end, the retracting mechanism is provided with a first clamping groove, and the clutch member is provided with a second clamping groove; In the first state, the first end is locked into the first engaging groove; in the second state, the second end is locked into the second engaging groove.
  • the clutch member is provided with an abutting portion, and in the first state, the abutting portion abuts the second end to keep the first end in the first clamping groove.
  • the abutting portion and the second clamping groove are spaced apart in the movement direction of the clutch member, and the distance between the abutting portion and the second clamping groove is the same as the movement of the clutch member The strokes are roughly equal.
  • the abutting portion and the groove bottom of the second clamping groove are spaced apart in the movement direction of the switching member, and the abutting portion is close to the groove bottom of the second clamping groove relative to the groove bottom of the second clamping groove.
  • the first card slot is spaced apart in the movement direction of the switching member, and the abutting portion is close to the groove bottom of the second clamping groove relative to the groove bottom of the second clamping groove.
  • the abutting portion is a part of the clutch member close to the outer surface of the knife retreating mechanism, and the second clamping groove is formed inwardly from other parts of the outer surface.
  • the surgical instrument further includes an elastic member, and the direction in which the elastic member applies force to the switching member is parallel to the movement direction of the switching member.
  • the surgical instrument further includes a frame for accommodating and supporting the switching member, the switching member includes a main body and a rod connected to the main body, and the elastic member is sheathed On the main body, one end of the elastic member abuts against the frame, and the other end of the elastic member abuts against the rod.
  • the surgical instrument further includes a housing, and a frame arranged in the housing.
  • the frame is used for accommodating and supporting the switching element.
  • the switching element includes a main body and a frame connected to the main body. Connected rods, the ends of the rods are located in the housing.
  • the tool retracting mechanism includes a handle, and a tool retracting drive member driven by the handle, the tool retracting drive member is used to couple with the transmission member; in the first state, the switching member is connected to the transmission member.
  • the handle is mated.
  • the driving mechanism includes a gear
  • the transmission member is a rack
  • the rack is provided with a first series of teeth and a second series of teeth arranged at intervals
  • the retracting mechanism includes a retracting drive; In the first state, the gear is meshed with the first series of teeth; in the second state, the gear is disengaged from the first series of teeth, and the retracting drive member is engaged with the second series of teeth Meshing.
  • the coupling is meshing.
  • the drive mechanism is continuously meshed with the transmission member; in the second state, the knife retracting mechanism is intermittently meshed with the transmission member.
  • the movement direction of the clutch member is perpendicular to the movement direction of the cutting member.
  • the movement direction of the switching element is parallel to the movement direction of the cutting member.
  • the movement direction of the clutch member is perpendicular to the movement direction of the switching member.
  • the present invention has the beneficial effect that the surgical instrument can be conveniently switched from the first state to the second state through the change of the state of the clutch and the switching element, and the surgical instrument can be used for normal use of the target tissue.
  • the cutting member can be returned to the initial position in an emergency, avoiding unnecessary accidents, meeting different functional needs of surgical instruments, and having a reasonable structure design and convenient use.
  • Figure 1 is a partial perspective view of a surgical instrument provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a part of the internal structure of the surgical instrument shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a part of the structure of the surgical instrument shown in FIG. 2, at this time, the surgical instrument is in a first state;
  • Figure 4 is a front view of the surgical instrument shown in Figure 3, at this time, the surgical instrument is in a second state;
  • Figure 5 is a front view of the back of the surgical instrument shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the surgical instrument shown in Figure 4.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective exploded view of some components of the partial structure of the surgical instrument shown in FIG. 2; FIG.
  • Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the switching member of the surgical instrument shown in Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 9 is another perspective exploded view of some components of the partial structure of the surgical instrument shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective exploded view of some components of the retracting mechanism of the surgical instrument shown in FIG. 3;
  • Figure 11 is a partial perspective view of the frame of the surgical instrument shown in Figure 2;
  • Fig. 12 is a perspective exploded view of some parts of the surgical instrument shown in Fig. 1.
  • the terms “near”, “rear”, “distal” and “front” used in the present invention are relative to the clinician who manipulates the handle assembly of the surgical instrument.
  • the terms “near” and “rear” refer to the part close to the clinician, and the terms “far” and “front” refer to the part far away from the clinician.
  • the handle assembly is on the proximal and rear sides, and the end effector is on the distal and front sides; for another example, the proximal end of a component means the end that is relatively close to the handle assembly, and the distal end means that it is relatively close to the end.
  • One end of the actuator is one end of the actuator.
  • upper and lower refer to the relative positions of the staple seat and the staple cartridge seat of the end effector. Specifically, the staple seat is “upper” and the staple cartridge seat is “lower”. However, surgical instruments can be used in many directions and positions, so these terms expressing relative position relationships are not limited and absolute.
  • lengthwise extension of a component mentioned in this article means that the length of the component is greater than its width, and the overall shape is elongated, but it should be understood that “longitudinal extension” does not constitute the specific shape of the component limited.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, a movable connection, or a whole; It is directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, which can be the internal communication between two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. "Connected” does not include integration. Otherwise, “connected” has the same meaning as “connected”. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.
  • this embodiment provides a surgical instrument 200, particularly a medical stapler, which is used to clamp a target tissue, and cut and suture the target tissue.
  • the shaft assembly 12 of the surgical instrument 200, the housing 10 provided at one end of the shaft assembly 12, the end effector 14 provided at the other end of the shaft assembly 12, and the end effector 14 is provided inside There is a cutting member (not shown).
  • the shaft assembly 12 includes a sleeve 18 and a mandrel 19 received in the sleeve 18.
  • the housing 10 is provided with a motor and a transmission mechanism, and the motor drives the end effector 14 and the cutting member through the transmission mechanism.
  • the end effector 14 includes a staple cartridge seat 20 and a staple abutment seat 22 pivotally connected to the staple cartridge seat 20.
  • the staple cartridge seat 20 is used to operably support a staple cartridge assembly (not shown) located therein.
  • the bin assembly is used for suturing the tissue, and the staple seat 22 can be selectively moved between the open position and the closed position to loosen the tissue or clamp the tissue.
  • the cutting member is used to cut the tissue.
  • the cutting member includes a supporting part and a cutting blade connected to the supporting part.
  • the advancement of the cutting member is referred to as feed in, and the retreat of the cutting member is referred to as retreat.
  • the end effector 14 When the end effector 14 is closed, the supporting portion enters the nail receiving groove of the nail receiving seat 22. The interaction between the support part and the stud seat groove prevents the end effector from being opened at this time.
  • the transmission mechanism includes an end effector driving device, which drives the nail seat 22 of the end effector 14 to pivot relative to the staple cartridge seat 20 to selectively move between a closed position and an open position.
  • the driving device of the end effector 14 includes a gear, a cam, and a sleeve 16.
  • the gear drives the sleeve 16 to move linearly through the conversion of the cam, and the sleeve 16 drives the pin holder 22 to pivot through the conversion mechanism.
  • the specific structure of the driving device of the end effector 14 is the same as or similar to the prior art, and will not be repeated here.
  • the transmission mechanism also includes a cutting member driving device.
  • the cutting member driving device includes a gear, a transmission member 24 (usually a rack), and a mandrel 19.
  • the gear rotates to drive the rack, mandrel 19, and the cutting member to move linearly.
  • the cutting member can cut tissue.
  • the specific structure of the cutting member driving device is the same as or similar to the prior art, and will not be repeated.
  • the surgical instrument 200 further includes a frame 16 for accommodating and supporting the transmission mechanism.
  • the containment here can be partial containment or full containment. Support is the same, it can be partial support or full support.
  • the accommodation and support mentioned in other parts of the present invention can also be partial or complete unless otherwise specified, and will not be repeated here.
  • the end effector driving device drives the sleeve 16 and drives the nail seat 22 to pivot and cooperate with the staple cartridge seat 20 to clamp the target tissue; then, the motor is activated and rotates forward, and the cutting member drives the device
  • the cutting member is driven into the knife by the mandrel 19, the cutting member moves from the initial position to the end position in the end effector 14 of the surgical instrument to cut the tissue, and the cutting member synchronously pushes the staple block in the staple cartridge from the initial position to the end position Move to realize the effect of suturing the cut tissue while cutting the tissue; then, the motor is reversed to retract the cutting member, and the cutting member driving device drives the cutting member to retract to the initial position through the mandrel 19; and then, The end effector driving device drives the sleeve 18 to drive the abutment base 22 to open and loosen the tissue; finally, the end effector driving device drives the sleeve 18 to drive the abutment base 22 to close.
  • the end effector driving device drives the slee
  • the cutting member driving device includes a driving mechanism 30 that drives the transmission member, and the driving mechanism 30 drives the transmission member 24 to drive the cutting member to advance or retract the knife.
  • the transmission member 24 is a rack 26, and the transmission member 24 is provided with a first series of teeth 28.
  • the driving mechanism 30 includes a gear 32.
  • the gear 32 When the gear 32 is coupled with the first series of teeth 28, specifically, when the gear 32 is meshed with the first series of teeth 28, the gear 32 rotates to drive the rack 26 to move, and the rack 26 moves to drive the mandrel 19 and the cutting member to move to achieve advancement. Knife or retreat, the direction in which the gear 32 rotates determines whether to advance or retreat.
  • the movement direction of the cutting member is the same as the movement direction and extension direction of the transmission member 24.
  • the driving mechanism 30 also includes a power device for driving the gear 32.
  • the power device is a motor 34.
  • other power devices such as other forms of motors, or manual drive devices, can also be used, and any solutions that are the same or similar to those of the present embodiment are covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the cutting member driving device further includes a knife retracting mechanism that drives the transmission member 24, and the knife retracting mechanism drives the transmission member 24 to drive the cutting member to retract the knife.
  • the transmission member 24 is also provided with a second series of teeth 36.
  • the second series of teeth 36 and the first series of teeth 28 are spaced apart on the transmission member 24.
  • the second series of teeth 36 and the first series of teeth 28 are on the transmission member 24. They are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, instead of being arranged at intervals in the extending direction of the transmission member 24. More specifically, the second series of teeth 36 and the first series of teeth 28 are located on different sides of the transmission member 24, thereby avoiding the first series of teeth 28 and the first series of teeth 28.
  • the two series of teeth 36 influence each other.
  • the tool retract mechanism includes a tool retract drive 38, which is used for coupling with the transmission member 24.
  • a tool retract drive 38 is used for coupling with the transmission member 24.
  • the retracting drive member 38 drives the transmission member 24 to drive the cutting member to retract the knife.
  • the retracting driving member 38 includes a main body 40 and a driving body 42 provided at one end of the main body 40.
  • the main body 40 extends longitudinally, and the extending direction of the driving body 42 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the main body 40 or arranged at an acute angle.
  • the driving body 42 can be locked into the second series of teeth 36 and pull the transmission member 24 to move, driving the cutting member to retract.
  • the driving body 42 includes a first surface 44 and a second surface 46 arranged at an angle.
  • the first surface 44 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the main body 40 or arranged at an acute angle
  • the second surface 46 is arranged at an acute angle with the first surface 44.
  • each tooth of the second series of teeth 36 includes a first tooth surface 48 and a second tooth surface 50.
  • the first tooth surface 48 is inclined upward from the main body of the transmission member 24 at an acute angle to the direction from the proximal end to the distal end. Extending, the second tooth surface 50 and the first tooth surface 48 are arranged at an acute angle.
  • the first surface 44 is opposite to the first tooth surface 48 of one of the second series of teeth 36, and the second surface 46 is adjacent to the aforementioned "one of the teeth".
  • the second tooth surface 50 of the tooth is opposite, and the first surface 44 pulls the first tooth surface 48, so that the retracting drive member 38 pulls the transmission member 24 to move from the distal end to the proximal end to retract the knife.
  • the retracting mechanism further includes a handle 52 for driving the retracting driving member 38.
  • the handle 52 and the frame 16 are pivotally connected through a first rotating shaft 54, and the retracting drive member 38 and the handle 52 are pivotally connected through a second rotating shaft 56.
  • the body 40 of the retracting drive member 38 is pivotally connected to one end away from the drive body 42.
  • the handle 52 is pivotally connected by the second rotating shaft 56.
  • the pivot axis of the handle 52 is parallel to the pivot axis of the retracting drive member 38 and spaced at a certain distance, so that when the handle 52 pivots about the first rotating shaft 54, the retracting drive member 38 is driven to pivot along the transmission member 24 at the same time.
  • the extension direction of the tool is translated, so that the retracting drive member 38 drives the transmission member 24 to move to achieve the tool retracting.
  • the small pivoting mentioned herein means that the pivoting angle range of the retracting driving member 38 is smaller than the pivoting angle range of the handle 52, and does not limit the specific pivoting angle range of the retracting driving member 38.
  • the surgical instrument 200 also includes a clutch member 58 and a switching member 60.
  • the clutch member 58 is used to actuate the driving mechanism 30 to The transmission member 24 is decoupled.
  • the surgical instrument 200 has two states. In the first state shown in FIG. 3, the switching member 60 is coupled with the retracting mechanism to stop the retracting mechanism, and the driving mechanism 30 is coupled with the transmission member 24; as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 In the second state shown, the driving mechanism 30 is decoupled from the transmission member 24, the switching member 60 is mated with the clutch member 58 to stop the clutch member 58, and the retracting mechanism is coupled with the transmission member 24.
  • the switching member 60 is locked into the retracting mechanism, and the retracting mechanism does not work.
  • the gear 32 meshes with the transmission member 24, and the motor can pass through the driving mechanism 30 and transmission.
  • the piece 24 normally drives the cutting member to advance or retract. This is the normal working state of the surgical instrument 200.
  • the clutch member 58 urges the gear 32 to disengage it from the transmission member 24 to avoid the meshing of the gear 32 and the transmission member 24 affecting the knife withdrawal, the switching member 60
  • the clutch member 58 is locked to keep the drive mechanism 30 in a disengaged state from the transmission member 24, and the knife can be manually retracted through the knife retract mechanism without any obstacle.
  • the surgical instrument 200 can be conveniently switched from the first state to the second state, which meets the different functional requirements of the surgical instrument 200, and has a reasonable structure design and is convenient to use.
  • the clutch 58 extends longitudinally as a whole, and the extension direction of the clutch 58 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the transmission member 24.
  • the clutch member 58 moves along its extending direction, that is, in a direction perpendicular to the transmission member 24 to disengage the gear 32 from the transmission member 24.
  • the clutch 58 includes an operating part 62 and a driving part 64 connected to each other.
  • the operating part 62 has an operating surface 66 for the operator to operate.
  • the driving part 64 is close to the driving mechanism 30 relative to the operating part 62.
  • In the first state of the surgical instrument 200 there is a gap between the driving part 64 and the driving mechanism 30, so that the driving part 64 is close to the driving mechanism 30, but does not abut the driving mechanism 30, preventing the clutch 58 from affecting the normal operation of the driving mechanism 30 .
  • the operator presses down the operating surface 66, the driving portion 64 abuts against the driving mechanism 30 and pushes the driving mechanism 30 to move until the gear 32 disengages from the transmission member 24 .
  • the surgical instrument 200 also includes a first elastic member 70.
  • the direction of the force applied by the first elastic member 70 to the drive mechanism 30 is opposite to the direction of the force applied by the clutch member 58, that is, the force of the first elastic member 70 on the drive mechanism 30
  • the direction in which the force is applied is opposite to the direction in which the operator applies force to the clutch 58.
  • the first elastic member 70 forces the driving mechanism 30 to keep the driving mechanism 30 engaged with the transmission member 24.
  • the operator presses down the clutch 58 to make the driving mechanism 30 It overcomes the force of the first elastic member 70 to move and finally disengages from the transmission member 24.
  • the driving mechanism includes a gear 32 and a power device for driving the gear 32.
  • the first elastic member 70 forces the gear 32 of the drive mechanism 30 to keep the gear 32 engaged with the transmission member 24, and switches from the first state to the second state, and the operator presses down the clutch member 58. Make the gear 32 move against the force of the first elastic member 70 and finally disengage from the transmission member 24.
  • the gear 32 of the driving mechanism 30 will move.
  • the power unit of the driving mechanism 30 does not move during the switching process from the first state to the second state.
  • the frame 16 In the first state, in order to keep the gear 30 in a position to mesh with the transmission member 24, the frame 16 is provided with a first stop surface 72 and a second stop surface 74 opposed to each other, the first stop surface 72 and the second stop surface
  • the blocking surface 74 is arranged at a certain distance in the movement direction of the clutch 58, and the gear 32 and the first elastic member 70 are disposed between the first blocking surface 72 and the second blocking surface 74. Specifically, the end of the gear 32 away from the first elastic member 70 abuts against the first stop surface 72, and the end of the first elastic member 70 away from the gear 32 abuts against the second stop surface 74.
  • the gear 32 is maintained at a position where it abuts against the first stop surface 72, so as to be maintained at a position where it meshes with the transmission member 24.
  • the clutch member 58 can overcome the force of the first elastic member 70 on the gear 32, and the driving portion 64 of the clutch member 58 abuts against the gear 32 and pushes the gear 32 to disengage from the transmission member 24, so that the surgical instrument 200 can be moved from the first state.
  • the operation is simple and the design is very reasonable.
  • the gear 32 In the first state, the gear 32 abuts the first stop surface 72, which can also prevent the gear 32 from pushing the clutch 58 in the first state, thereby avoiding the position of the clutch 58 from deviating, and ultimately preventing the surgical instrument 200 from being unable to switch normally.
  • the first elastic member 70 is a coil spring, the first end of the first elastic member 70 abuts against the second stop surface 74, and the second end abuts against the gear 32.
  • the gear 32 is provided with an axial blind hole (not shown), the first elastic member 70 partially extends into the axial blind hole, and the second end of the first elastic member 70 abuts the closed end of the axial blind hole , Make full use of the space of the gear 32, making the surgical instrument 200 compact.
  • the gear 32 has a central hole extending in the axial direction and passing through the end faces on both sides. The central hole is sleeved on the rod to support the rotation of the gear 32. The gear 32 is pushed by the clutch 58 and the first elastic member 70.
  • the axial blind hole extends inward from one end surface of the gear 32 close to the first elastic member 70 but does not penetrate the other end surface.
  • the diameter of the central hole is smaller than the diameter of the axial blind hole, and the central hole is located in the range of the axial blind hole.
  • the switching member 60 in the first state, the switching member 60 is engaged with the tool retracting mechanism. Specifically, in the first state, the switching member 60 is locked into the retracting mechanism. In the second state, the switching member 60 and the clutch member 58 are snap-fitted. Specifically, in the second state, the switching member 60 is locked into the clutch member 58.
  • the retracting mechanism is provided with a first locking groove 78.
  • the switching member 60 is locked into the first locking groove 78;
  • the clutch member 58 is provided with a second locking groove 80,
  • the switching member 60 is locked into the second locking slot 80.
  • the switching member 60 can be switched between the two states by snapping into different snap-fit slots, and the structure is simple.
  • the switching member 60 is loosely fitted to the first clamping groove 78 and the second clamping groove 80, and can be easily inserted and taken out, so that the surgical instrument 200 can be conveniently switched from the first state to the second state.
  • the switching member 60 includes a main body portion 82.
  • the main body portion 82 has a first end 84 and a second end 86.
  • the first end 84 is inserted into the first clamping groove 78.
  • the second state the second end 86 is locked into the second clamping slot 80.
  • the main body 82 extends longitudinally, and the first end 84 and the second end 86 are respectively one end of the main body 82.
  • the openings of the first clamping groove 78 and the second clamping groove 80 are Toward each other, the main body 82 can move along its extension direction to switch positions, which is very convenient.
  • the frame 16 is provided with a switch receiving slot 88
  • the switch receiving slot 88 receives and supports the switch 60
  • the surgical instrument 200 also includes a cover 90 that matches with the opening of the switch receiving slot 88
  • the cover The lower side of 90 cooperates with the switching element receiving groove 88 to form a guide groove which is closed up and down, and the guide groove can define the moving direction of the main body 82 of the switching element 60.
  • the guide groove defines the main body portion 82 to move in a direction parallel to the extending direction of the transmission member 24, so that the surgical instrument 200 is switched between the first state and the second state.
  • the knife retracting mechanism includes a handle 52 and a knife retracting driving member 38 pivotally connected to the handle 52.
  • the first locking groove 78 is provided on the handle 52.
  • the handle 52 extends longitudinally, and when the switching member 60 is locked into the first clamping groove 78 provided on the handle 52, the extending direction of the handle 52 is substantially parallel to the extending direction of the transmission member 24. This can prevent the handle 52 from tilting and increase the volume of the surgical instrument 200 when the surgical instrument 200 is in the first state, that is, in normal operation.
  • the abutment portion 94 and the groove bottom of the second clamping groove 80 are spaced apart in the movement direction of the switching member 60, and the abutment portion 94 is close to the groove bottom of the second clamping groove 80 to the first clamping joint. ⁇ 78.
  • the abutting portion 94 abuts against the second end 86 of the main body portion 82 of the switching member 60 to keep the first end 84 in the first engaging groove 78. This can ensure that when the surgical instrument 200 is in the first state, the switching member 60 is engaged with the retracting mechanism, thereby ensuring that the retracting mechanism does not work, and preventing the retracting mechanism from affecting the normal transmission of the gear 32 and the transmission member 24.
  • the abutting portion 94 is a part of the outer surface of the clutch 58 close to the retracting mechanism. Specifically, the abutting portion 94 is a portion of the operating portion 62 of the clutch 58 that abuts against the switching member 60 on the outer surface of the operating portion 62 close to the retracting mechanism.
  • the second engaging groove 80 is formed recessed inwardly from the other part of the operating portion 62 of the clutch 58 close to the outer surface of the retracting mechanism (which does not overlap with the abutting portion 94).
  • the design of the abutting portion 94 and the second engaging groove 80 in this way can make the structure of the clutch 58 regular and simple.
  • the outer surface where the abutting portion 94 is located is substantially perpendicular to the operating surface 66 of the operating portion 62 of the clutch 58, the different surfaces of the clutch 58 are reasonably used, and the structure design is reasonable.
  • the surgical instrument 200 further includes a second elastic member 96.
  • the direction in which the second elastic member 96 applies force to the switching member 60 is parallel to the direction of movement of the switching member 60, specifically, and the switching member The movement of 60 is parallel to the direction in which the clutch 58 is mated, that is, it is roughly the same as the movement direction of the switching member 60 into the clutch 58, so that the second elastic member 96 forces the switching member 60 so that the switching member 60 has a locking clutch. 58 sports trends.
  • the abutting portion 94 and the second clamping groove 80 are spaced apart in the movement direction of the clutch 58. In the movement direction of the clutch 58, the distance between the abutting portion 94 and the second clamping groove 80 is the same as the distance between the abutting portion 94 and the second clamping groove 80. The movement strokes are roughly equal.
  • the abutting portion 94 and the second clamping groove 80 both extend a certain length in the movement direction of the clutch 58, the abutting portion 94 and the second clamping groove 80 are not the same point, we can define, In the movement direction of the clutch 58, the distance between the center point of the abutment portion 94 and the center point of the second clamping groove 80 is the distance between the abutment portion 94 and the second clamping groove 80, but this definition It is not absolute, it only needs to satisfy that the distance between the abutting portion 94 and the second clamping groove 80 is approximately equal to the movement stroke of the clutch 58 so that the surgical instrument can be smoothly switched from the first state to the second state. Any solution that is the same as or similar to this embodiment is covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the clutch 58 when the clutch 58 is pressed against the action of the first elastic member 70, the clutch 58 starts to urge the gear 32 to disengage from the transmission member 24.
  • the gear 32 and the transmission member 24 are disengaged.
  • the switching member 60 In the engaged position, the switching member 60 is switched from the position in contact with the abutting portion 94 to the position opposite to the second engaging groove 80, and under the action of the second elastic member 96, the switching member 60 automatically switches from the first engaging slot.
  • the position where the connecting groove 78 is engaged is moved to the position where the second engaging groove 80 is engaged, so that the surgical instrument 200 is automatically switched to the second state.
  • the structural design is very reasonable, and it can be switched from the first state to the second state without additional operations. , To facilitate the further operation of the surgical instrument 200.
  • the switching member 60 also includes a rod 98 connected to the main body 82.
  • the extending direction of the rod 98 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the main body 82.
  • the second elastic member 96 is a coil spring, and the coil spring is sleeved on the main body of the switching member 60. At 82, one end abuts against the inner wall of the switching element accommodating groove 88 provided in the frame 16, and the other end abuts against the rod portion 98 of the switching element 60, and the structure design is reasonable.
  • An opening is formed between the frame 16 and the cover 90, the rod 98 passes through the opening, and the end of the rod 98 is located in the housing 16.
  • the end of the rod 98 is located between the frame 16 and the housing 10, that is, the rod
  • the end of the portion 98 protrudes out of the frame 16 but does not protrude out of the housing 10 but is located in the housing 10. Therefore, during the production process, before the housing 10 is installed, the position of the switching member 60 can be adjusted by touching the rod 98, so as to adjust the state of the surgical instrument 200 and verify the function of the surgical instrument 200.
  • the surgical instrument 200 can be switched from the first state to the second state by pressing the clutch 58; the lever 98 is toggled to disengage the switching member 60 from the second clamping groove 80, The instrument 200 can be switched from the second state to the first state.
  • the installation of the surgical instrument 200 is completed, the end of the rod 98 is located in the housing, and the rod 98 is no longer easily touched.
  • the surgical instrument 200 can only be switched from the first state to the second state, but not from The second state is switched to the first state to prevent the surgical instrument 200 from being used again without being sterilized.
  • the tool retracting mechanism includes a tool retracting drive member 38 and a handle 52.
  • a second series of teeth 36 is provided between the handle 52 and the retracting drive 38.
  • the third elastic member 102 exerts a force on the retracting drive member 38 toward the transmission member 24, so that when the switching member 60 is switched to the retracting state, the retracting drive member 38 can be automatically locked into the second set of the transmission member 24.
  • Series teeth 36
  • the handle 52 can be pivoted downward to drive the retracting drive member 38 to rotate slightly along the extension direction of the transmission member 24, thereby driving the retracting, in order to make the handle 52 automatically return to the initial state when the handle 52 is pivoted downward to the position.
  • the third elastic member 102 exerts a force away from the transmission member 24 on the handle 52.
  • the third elastic member 102 is a torsion spring.
  • the center ring 104 of the torsion spring is sleeved on the second rotating shaft 56 of the retracting drive member 38.
  • the first free end 106 of the torsion spring abuts against the retracting drive member 38,
  • the second free end 108 abuts the handle 52, so that the torsion spring exerts a force toward the transmission member 24 on the retracting drive member 38 and a force away from the transmission member 24 on the handle 52.
  • the handle 52 is provided with a retracting drive member receiving groove 110 and a third elastic member receiving groove 112.
  • the retracting driving member 38 is partially received in the retracting driving member accommodating groove 110.
  • the center ring 104 and the second free end 108 of the torsion spring are received in the third elastic member receiving groove 112.
  • a protrusion 114 is provided at an end of the main body 40 of the retracting drive member 38 away from the driving body 42, and the first free end 106 of the torsion spring abuts on the protrusion 114.
  • the frame 16 is provided with a stop 116, and the retracting drive 38 abuts against the stop 116.
  • the driving body 42 of the tool retracting drive member 38 abuts against the stop portion 116 to prevent the tool retracting drive member 38 from being caught in the second series of teeth 36.
  • the stop portion 116 prevents the ejection driving member 38 from being locked into the second series of teeth 36 in the first state, and does not affect the ejection driving member 38 from being locked into the second series of teeth 36 in the second state.
  • the reason is that: due to the ejection drive
  • the pivot axis of the member 38 is parallel to the pivot axis of the handle 52 and spaced at a certain distance. When the handle 52 is pivoted upward, the handle 52 drives the retracting drive member 38 to pivot upwards in a small amplitude, and at the same time, it can drive the retracting drive member 38 to move upward.
  • the transmission member 24 moves a certain distance in the extending direction, thereby, the driving body 42 of the retracting drive member 38 is disengaged from the stop 116, thereby allowing the retracting drive member 38 to engage the second series of teeth 36 in the second state. , And realize the function of manual tool retraction.
  • the clutch 58 and the handle 52 are all received and supported by the frame 16.
  • the frame 16 is provided with a clutch accommodating groove 68, and the clutch accommodating groove 68 receives and supports the clutch 58 and guides the movement of the clutch 58.
  • the frame 16 is provided with a handle accommodating groove 92, which is used to accommodate and support the handle 52.
  • the handle 52 is basically accommodated in the handle accommodating groove 92, and the top surface of the handle 52 is closed to accommodate the handle.
  • the opening of the slot 92 Preferably, the top surface of the handle 52 is a flat surface.
  • the top surface of the handle 52 is parallel to the extending direction of the transmission member, so that the structure of the surgical instrument 200 is regular and the volume of the surgical instrument 200 is reduced.
  • the housing 10 is provided with a protective cover 118 covering the clutch 58 and the handle 52. It can prevent misoperation of the clutch 58 and the handle 52 when the surgical instrument 200 is working normally.
  • the first elastic member 70 applies a force to the gear 32 so that the upper end of the gear 32 abuts against the first stop surface 72 on the frame 16, and the gear 32 is in contact with the transmission member 24.
  • the first series of teeth 28 mesh.
  • the abutment portion 94 provided on the clutch 58 abuts against the second end 86 of the switching element 60, the switching element 60 overcomes the force of the second elastic element 96, and the first end 84 of the switching element 60 is clamped into the first end 86 of the handle 52.
  • the clamping slot 78 the handle 52 cannot move, the tool retracting drive 38 cannot move, and the tool retracting mechanism does not work.
  • the stop portion 116 of the frame 16 abuts against the driving body 42 of the retracting driving member 38 to prevent the retracting driving member 38 from jamming into the second series of teeth 36.
  • the motor 34 drives the gear 32 to rotate, and the gear 32 rotates to drive the transmission member 24 to move, thereby driving the cutting member to advance or retract the knife. It should be noted that, in the first state, the gear 32 continuously meshes with the transmission member 24 to drive the cutting member to continuously move within a certain stroke.
  • the protective cover 118 is opened to expose the clutch 58 and the handle 52. Press the clutch member 58 down, and when the second clamping groove 80 provided on the clutch member 58 is opposed to the second end 86 of the main body 82 of the switching member 60, the second elastic member 96 deforms and recovers, and the second elastic member 96 pairs the switching member 60 pushes the switching element 60 with force, the first end 84 of the switching element 60 is separated from the first clamping groove 78, and the second end 86 is clamped into the second clamping groove 80.
  • the third elastic member 102 installed between the handle 52 and the retracting drive member 38 is deformed and restored, and the handle 52 pivots upward for the operator to operate and retract. While pivoting downward, the knife driving member 38 translates for a certain distance along the extension direction of the transmission member 24, the retracting driving member 38 is staggered from the stop 116, and the retracting driving member 38 is locked into the transmission under the action of the third elastic member 102.
  • the handle 52 is pressed down, and with reference to FIG. 5, the handle 52 rotates counterclockwise. Since the pivot axis of the retracting drive member 38 is parallel to and spaced apart from the pivot axis of the handle 52, the handle 52 overcomes the third elastic member 102 Driven by the force of the ejection drive 38 to move a certain distance along the extension direction of the transmission member 24, in this process, the first surface 44 of the drive body 42 of the ejection drive 38 pulls one of the second series of teeth 36 The first tooth surface 48 of a tooth pulls the transmission member 24 to move and retract the tool.
  • the handle 52 When the handle 52 is pressed down to the end, the handle 52 pivots upward under the action of the third elastic member 102, and the handle 52 drives the knife ejection driving member 38 to escape the above-mentioned tooth gap.
  • the knife ejection drive The member 38 is clamped into the other tooth gap of the second series of teeth 36, and moves a certain distance in the extending direction of the transmission member 24, and the first surface 44 of the driving body 42 of the retracting driving member 38 pulls the first tooth of the next tooth. Face 48, thereby continuing to pull the transmission member 24 to move and retract the knife.
  • the intermittent retracting operation can be realized until the retracting is completed. That is to say, in the second state, the tool retracting mechanism intermittently engages with the transmission member to realize the intermittent tool retracting operation.
  • the driving mechanism 30 and the retracting mechanism are alternatively coupled with the transmission member 24, the driving mechanism 30 is coupled with the transmission member 24 to drive the cutting member to advance or retract, and the retract mechanism is coupled with the transmission 24
  • the surgical instrument 200 also includes a clutch 58 and a switch 60.
  • the clutch 58 is used to actuate the drive mechanism 30 to decouple it from the transmission 24; the surgical instrument 200 has two states.
  • the switching member 60 is matched with the retracting mechanism to stop the retracting mechanism, the driving mechanism 30 is coupled with the transmission member 24, and the surgical instrument 200 can drive the cutting member through the driving mechanism 30 to normally advance or retract the knife;
  • the driving mechanism 30 is disconnected from the transmission member 24, the switching member 60 is matched with the clutch member 58 to stop the clutch member 58, the knife retreat mechanism is coupled with the transmission member 24, and the knife retreat mechanism drives the transmission member 24 to realize that the surgical instrument 200 is in emergency Retraction in the state. Therefore, through the state change of the clutch 58 and the switching member 60, the surgical instrument 200 can be conveniently switched from the first state to the second state, which meets the different functional requirements of the surgical instrument 200, and has a reasonable structure design and is convenient to use.

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Abstract

一种外科器械（200），包括切割构件、与切割构件相连的传动件（24）、驱动传动件（24）的驱动机构（30）及退刀机构，该外科器械（200）还包括离合件（58）和切换件（60），离合件（58）用于促动驱动机构（30）使其与传动件（24）脱离耦合；外科器械（200）具有两个状态，在第一状态，切换件（60）与退刀机构配接以止动退刀机构，驱动机构（30）与传动件（24）耦合；在第二状态，驱动机构（30）与传动件（24）脱离耦合，切换件（60）与离合件（58）配接以止动离合件（58），退刀机构与传动件（24）脱离耦合，切换件（60）与离合件（58）配接以止动离合件（58），退刀机构与传动件（24）耦合。可在紧急状态下，将切割构件紧急退回初始位置，避免不必要的事故，满足外科器械的不同功能需要，且结构设计合理，使用方便。

Description

外科器械 技术领域
本发明涉及一种外科器械，特别是一种医用吻合器。
背景技术
适用于外科手术的吻合器是一种能在将患者伤口缝合的同时将多余组织切除的外科器械，被广泛应用于腹部外科、妇科、儿科及胸外科等微创手术中组织的切除和吻合。外科器械通过在手术部位精确定位的穿刺器的套管进入人体内，继而在组织中制造纵向切口和在切口的相对侧施加缝合钉，从而对组织进行离断和吻合，类似于订书机。外科器械包括端部执行器，所述端部执行器包括钉仓座和抵钉座，所述钉仓座用于接收钉仓；外科器械还包括切割构件，切割构件相对钉仓座被可操作地支撑，所述切割构件包括支承部和与支承部相连的切割刀，当该端部执行器闭合时，所述支承部进入抵钉座的抵钉座槽内。医生一旦确定端部执行器适当地抓取组织且处于闭合位置时，就能够击发外科器械进行切割并缝合组织。
电机可以为外科器械提供动力，使操作省时省力。当医生击发外科器械时，电机正转使切割构件在外科器械的端部执行器内由初始位置向终止位置移动，切割构件同步推动钉仓组件的推钉块向由初始位置向终止位置移动，以实现在切割多余组织的同时对切割后的组织的进行缝合。电机还能够反转使切割构件复位至初始位置，以使所述支承部退出抵钉座的抵钉座槽内，从而打开所述端部执行器，松开组织，再闭合端部执行器，将外科器械从穿刺套管中取出。
然而，当电机发生故障无法转动或者为电机供电的电池或其他电源发生故障、不能向外科器械提供足够的电力等问题时，就必须立即取出器械，更换新的器械。而此时，外科器械的端部执行器可能处于锁定状态，切割构件位于端部执行器内，端部执行器无法打开，夹持的组织无法从端部执行器脱离，导致外科器械无法从穿刺器的套管取出。此时，需要扩大穿刺孔或转为开腹手术，甚至引发医疗事故。
因此，需要一种能紧急将切割构件退回至初始位置的装置，以使所述支承部自抵钉座的抵钉座槽中退出，从而解除所述端部执行器被打开的限制。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明旨在提供一种外科器械，在包括电机和电源在内的电路发生故障时，能手动将切割构件退回。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：一种外科器械，包括切割构件、与所述切割构件相连的传动件、驱动所述传动件的驱动机构及退刀机构，所述驱动机构及所述退刀机构择一地与所述传动件耦合，所述驱动机构与所述传动件耦合以驱动所述切割构件进刀或退刀，所述退刀机构与所述传动件耦合以驱动所述切割构件退刀，所述外科器械还包括离合件和切换件，所述离合件用于促动所述驱动机构使其与所述传动件脱离耦合；所述外科器械具有两种状态，在第一状态，所述切换件与所述退刀机构配接以止动所述退刀机构，所述驱动机构与所述传动件耦合；在第二状态，所述驱动机构与所述传动件脱离耦合，所述切换件与所述离合件配接以止动所述离合件，所述退刀机构与所述传动件耦合。
进一步的，在所述第一状态，所述切换件与所述退刀机构卡接配合；在所述第二状态，所述切换件与所述离合件卡接配合。
进一步的，所述切换件包括主体部，所述主体部具有第一端和第二端，所述退刀机构设有第一卡接槽，所述离合件设有第二卡接槽；在所述第一状态，所述第一端卡入所述第一卡接槽；在所述第二状态，所述第二端卡入所述第二卡接槽。
进一步的，所述离合件设有抵接部，在所述第一状态，所述抵接部与所述第二端抵接使所述第一端保持在所述第一卡接槽中。
进一步的，所述抵接部与所述第二卡接槽在离合件的运动方向上间隔设置，所述抵接部与所述第二卡接槽之间的距离与所述离合件的运动行程大致相等。
进一步的，所述抵接部和所述第二卡接槽的槽底在所述切换件的运动方向上间隔设置，所述抵接部相对所述第二卡接槽的槽底靠近所述第一卡接槽。
进一步的，所述抵接部为离合件的靠近所述退刀机构的外表面的一部分，所述第二卡接槽从所述外表面的其它部分向内凹陷形成。
进一步的，所述外科器械还包括弹性件，所述弹性件对所述切换件施力的方向与所述切换件的运动方向平行。
进一步的，所述外科器械还包括机架，所述机架用于收容及支撑所述切换件，所述切换件包括主体部及与所述主体部相连的杆部，所述弹性件套设在所述主体部上，所述弹性件的一端与机架抵接，所述弹性件的另一端与杆部抵接。
进一步的，所述外科器械还包括壳体、和设于所述壳体内的机架，所述机架用于收容及支撑所述切换件，所述切换件包括主体部和与所述主体部相连的杆部，所述杆部的末端位于所述壳体内。
进一步的，所述退刀机构包括把手、由所述把手驱动的退刀驱动件，所述退刀驱动件用于与所述传动件耦合；在所述第一状态，所述切换件与所述把手配接。
进一步的，所述驱动机构包括齿轮，所述传动件为齿条，所述齿条设有间隔设置的第一系列齿和第二系列齿；所述退刀机构包括退刀驱动件；在所述第一状态，所述齿轮与所述第一系列齿啮合；在所述第二状态，所述齿轮与所述第一系列齿脱离啮合，所述退刀驱动件与所述第二系列齿啮合。
进一步的，所述耦合为啮合，在所述第一状态，所述驱动机构与所述传动件持续啮合；在所述第二状态，所述退刀机构与所述传动件间歇啮合。
进一步的，所述离合件的运动方向垂直于所述切割构件的运动方向。
进一步的，所述切换件的运动方向与所述切割构件的运动方向平行。
进一步的，所述离合件的运动方向与所述切换件的运动方向垂直。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：通过离合件和切换件的状态变化，外科器械可以方便的从第一状态切换至第二状态，既可以使外科器械正常使用而对目标组织进行切割和缝合，又可在紧急状态下，将切割构件紧急退回初始位置，避免不必要的事故，满足外科器械的不同功能需要，且结构设计合理，使用方便。
附图说明
图1是本发明具体实施方式提供的外科器械的部分立体图；
图2是图1所示的外科器械的部分内部结构的立体图；
图3是图2所示的外科器械的部分结构的立体图，此时，外科器械位于第一状态；
图4是图3所示的外科器械的主视图，此时，外科器械位于第二状态；
图5是图4所示的外科器械背面的正视图；
图6是图4所示的外科器械的立体图；
图7是图2所示的外科器械的部分结构的部分部件的立体分解图；
图8是图3所示的外科器械的切换件的立体图；
图9是图2所示的外科器械的部分结构的部分部件的另一立体分解图；
图10是图3所示的外科器械的退刀机构的部分部件的立体分解图；
图11是图2所示的外科器械的机架的部分立体图；
图12是图1所示的外科器械的部分部件的立体分解图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要理解的是，本发明所用术语“近”、“后”和“远”、“前”是相对于操纵外科器械的手柄组件的临床医生而言的。术语“近”、“后”是指靠近临床医生的部分，术语“远”、“前”则是指远离临床医生的部分。例如，手柄组件在近侧及后侧，端部执行器在远侧及前侧；再例如，某个零部件的近侧端表示相对靠近手柄组件的一端，远侧端则表示相对靠近端部执行器的一端。术语“上”、“下”以端部执行器的抵钉座和钉仓座的相对位置为参考，具体的，抵钉座在“上”，钉仓座在“下”。然而，外科器械可以在许多方向和位置使用，因此这些表达相对位置关系的术语并不是受限和绝对的。
需要说明的是，本文中所述的一个部件纵长延伸是指这个部件的长度大于其宽度，整体呈长条状，但需要理解的是，“纵长延伸”并不对该部件的具体形状构成限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，“相连”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，还可以是可运动连接，或成一体；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。“连接”不包括成一体，除此以外，“连接”的含义与“相连”相同。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
请参阅图1和图2，本实施方式提供一种外科器械200，特别是一种医用吻合器，用于夹持目标组织，并对目标组织进行切割和缝合。
请结合图2和图3，外科器械200杆身组件12、设置于杆身组件12一端的壳体10、设置于杆身组件12另一端的端部执行器14，端部执行器14内设有切割构件(未示出)。
杆身组件12包括套管18及收容于套管18内的芯轴19。壳体10内设有电机及传动机构，电机通过传动机构驱动端部执行器14及切割构件。端部执行器14包括钉仓座20和可枢转地连接于钉仓座20的抵钉座22，钉仓座20用于可操作地支撑位于其中的钉仓组件(未图示)，钉仓组件用于对组织进行缝合，抵钉座22可在打开位置和闭合位置之间选择性地运动，从而松开组织或夹持组织。切割构件用于对组织进行切割，切割构件包括支承部和与支承部相连的切割刀，将切割构件的前进称为进刀，将切割构件的后退 称为退刀。当端部执行器14闭合时，支承部进入抵钉座22的抵钉座槽内。支承部与抵钉座槽的相互作用使得此时端部执行器不能被打开。
传动机构包括端部执行器驱动装置，端部执行器驱动装置驱动端部执行器14的抵钉座22相对钉仓座20枢转而在闭合位置和打开位置之间选择性地运动。通常来说，端部执行器14驱动装置包括齿轮、凸轮、套管16，齿轮通过凸轮的转换驱动套管16线性运动，套管16线性运动通过转换机构驱动抵钉座22枢转。端部执行器14驱动装置的具体结构与现有技术相同或类似，不再赘述。
传动机构还包括切割构件驱动装置，通常来说，切割构件驱动装置包括齿轮、传动件24(通常为齿条)、芯轴19，齿轮旋转驱动齿条、芯轴19、切割构件直线运动，从而切割构件可以切割组织。切割构件驱动装置的具体结构与现有技术相同或类似，不再赘述。
为收容及支撑传动机构，外科器械200还包括机架16，机架16用于收容并支撑传动机构。这里的收容，可以是部分收容，也可以是全部收容。支撑同理，可以是部分支撑，也可以是全部支撑。本发明其它部分提及的收容及支撑，除特别指明的外，同样可以是部分的，也可以是全部的，不再赘述。
外科器械200使用时，首先，端部执行器驱动装置驱动套管16而驱动抵钉座22枢转与钉仓座20配合以夹持目标组织；然后，电机启动并正转，切割构件驱动装置通过芯轴19驱动切割构件进刀，切割构件在外科器械的端部执行器14内由初始位置向终止位置移动而切割组织，切割构件同步推动钉仓中的推钉块由初始位置向终止位置移动，实现在切割组织的同时对切割后的组织的进行缝合的效果；随后，电机反转使切割构件退刀，切割构件驱动装置通过芯轴19驱动切割构件退刀至初始位置；再随后，端部执行器驱动装置驱动套管18而驱动抵钉座22打开而松开组织；最后，端部执行器驱动装置驱动套管18而驱动抵钉座22闭合。当然，外科器械200使用前及使用完成后，均需要使抵钉座22相对钉仓座20闭合，从而使得端部执行器14经由穿刺器套管伸入患者体内或从患者体内取出，不再赘述。
切割构件驱动装置包括驱动所述传动件的驱动机构30，驱动机构30驱动传动件24进而驱动所述切割构件进刀或退刀。传动件24为齿条26，传动件24设有第一系列齿28。
驱动机构30包括齿轮32。齿轮32与第一系列齿28耦合时，具体的，齿轮32与第一系列齿28啮合时，齿轮32转动而驱动齿条26移动，齿条26移动带动芯轴19及切割构件移动，实现进刀或退刀，齿轮32转动的方向决定进刀还是退刀。本实施方式中，切割构件的运动方向与传动件24的运动方向及延伸方向相同。
驱动机构30还包括驱动齿轮32的动力装置，本实施方式中，动力装置为电机34。本领域技术人员可以想到，其它动力装置如其它形式的马达，或手动驱动装置亦可，凡采用与本实施方式相同或类似的方案均涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
请参见图4至图6，切割构件驱动装置还包括驱动传动件24的退刀机构，退刀机构驱动传动件24进而驱动切割构件退刀。
传动件24还设有第二系列齿36，第二系列齿36与第一系列齿28在传动件24上间隔设置，具体的，第二系列齿36与第一系列齿28在传动件24的周向上间隔设置，而不是在传动件24的延伸方向上间隔设置，更具体的，第二系列齿36与第一系列齿28位于传动件24的不同侧面，从而避免第一系列齿28和第二系列齿36相互影响。
退刀机构包括退刀驱动件38，退刀驱动件38用于与传动件24耦合，退刀驱动件38与第二系列齿36耦合时，具体的，退刀驱动件38与第二系列齿36啮合时，退刀驱动件38驱动传动件24进而驱动切割构件退刀。
退刀驱动件38包括本体40、设置在本体40一端的驱动体42。本体40纵长延伸，驱动体42的延伸方向与本体40的延伸方向垂直或呈锐角设置。驱动体42可卡入第二系列齿36并拉动传动件24移动，驱动切割构件退刀。
具体的，驱动体42包括成角度设置的第一表面44和第二表面46，第一表面44与本体40的延伸方向垂直或呈锐角设置，第二表面46与第一表面44成锐角设置，这使得退刀驱动件38的整体形状类似钩子。相应的，第二系列齿36的每个齿包括第一齿面48和第二齿面50，第一齿面48沿与近端朝向远端的方向成锐角地从传动件24的主体倾斜向上延伸，第二齿面50与第一齿面48成锐角设置。当驱动体42卡入第二系列齿36中时，第一表面44与第二系列齿36的其中一个齿的第一齿面48相对，第二表面46与上述“其中一个齿”的相邻齿的第二齿面50相对，第一表面44拉动第一齿面48，从而退刀驱动件38拉动传动件24从远端朝向近端运动而退刀。
请参见图6和图7，退刀机构还包括驱动退刀驱动件38的把手52。把手52与机架16通过第一转轴54枢转连接，退刀驱动件38与把手52通过第二转轴56枢转连接，具体的，退刀驱动件38的本体40远离驱动体42的一端与把手52通过第二转轴56枢转连接。把手52的枢转轴线与退刀驱动件38的枢转轴线平行且间隔一定距离，使得把手52绕第一转轴54枢转时，带动退刀驱动件38小幅度枢转的同时沿传动件24的延伸方向平移，从而退刀驱动件38驱动传动件24移动而实现退刀。
本文中提及的小幅度枢转是指退刀驱动件38的枢转角度范围小于把手52的枢转角度范围，并不对退刀驱动件38的具体枢转角度范围构成限定。
请返回图3至图6，驱动机构30及退刀机构择一地与传动件24耦合，外科器械200还包括离合件58和切换件60，离合件58用于促动驱动机构30使其与传动件24脱离耦合。外科器械200具有两种状态，在图3所示的第一状态，切换件60与退刀机构配接以止动退刀机构，驱动机构30与传动件24耦合；在图4至图6所示的第二状态，驱动机构30与传动件24脱离耦合，切换件60与离合件58配接以止动离合件58，退刀机构与传动件24耦合。
由此，外科器械200在图3所示的第一状态时，切换件60卡入退刀机构，退刀机构不工作，同时，齿轮32与传动件24啮合，电机可通过驱动机构30、传动件24正常驱动切割构件进刀或退刀。这是外科器械200正常工作的状态。
当外科器械200的端部执行器14处于锁定状态、需要退刀取出外科器械200，而出现电机34发生故障或电源发生故障而不能向外科器械200提供足够的电能等问题时，可以进行手动退刀。
此时，外科器械200位于图4至图6所示的第二状态，离合件58促动齿轮32使之与传动件24脱离啮合，避免齿轮32与传动件24啮合影响退刀，切换件60卡入离合件58，使驱动机构30保持与传动件24脱离啮合的状态，可以无障碍的通过退刀机构进行手动退刀。
由此，通过离合件58和切换件60的状态变化，外科器械200可以方便的从第一状态切换至第二状态，满足外科器械200的不同功能需要，且结构设计合理，使用方便。
离合件58整体纵长延伸，离合件58的延伸方向垂直于传动件24的延伸方向。离合件58沿其延伸方向，即沿垂直于传动件24的方向移动使得齿轮32与传动件24脱离啮合。
离合件58包括相连的操作部62和驱动部64，操作部62具有供操作者操作的操作表面66，驱动部64相对操作部62靠近驱动机构30。外科器械200在第一状态，驱动部64与驱动机构30之间具有一段间隙，使得驱动部64靠近驱动机构30、但不与驱动机构30抵接，防止离合件58影响驱动机构30的正常工作。欲将外科器械200从第一状态切换至第二状态时，操作者向下按压操作表面66，驱动部64与驱动机构30抵接并推动驱动机构30移动，直至齿轮32与传动件24脱离啮合。
请返回图2，外科器械200还包括第一弹性件70，第一弹性件70对驱动机构30的施力方向与离合件58的作用力方向相反，即第一弹性件70对驱动机构30的施力方向与操作者对离合件58的施力方向相反。在第一状态，第一弹性件70对驱动机构30施力使驱动机构30保持与传动件24啮合，从第一状态切换至第二状态时，操作者下压离合件 58，使驱动机构30克服第一弹性件70的作用力而移动并最终与传动件24脱离啮合。
如前所述，驱动机构包括齿轮32及驱动齿轮32的动力装置。本实施方式中，在第一状态，第一弹性件70对驱动机构30的齿轮32施力使齿轮32保持与传动件24啮合，从第一状态切换至第二状态，操作者下压离合件58，使齿轮32克服第一弹性件70的作用力而移动并最终与传动件24脱离啮合。也就是说，第一状态和第二状态的切换过程中，驱动机构30的齿轮32会移动。还需要说明的是，本实施方式优选的，第一状态至第二状态的切换过程中，驱动机构30的动力装置不会移动。
在第一状态，为了使齿轮30保持在与传动件24啮合的位置，机架16设有相对的第一止挡面72和第二止挡面74，第一止挡面72和第二止挡面74在离合件58的运动方向上间隔一定距离设置，齿轮32和第一弹性件70设置在第一止挡面72和第二止挡面74之间。具体的，齿轮32远离第一弹性件70的端部与第一止挡面72抵接，第一弹性件70远离齿轮32的端部与第二止挡面74抵接。
由此，外科器械200在第一状态时，在第一弹性件70的作用下，齿轮32保持在与第一止挡面72抵接的位置，从而保持在与传动件24啮合的位置。而离合件58可以克服第一弹性件70对齿轮32的作用力，通过离合件58的驱动部64与齿轮32抵接并推动齿轮32与传动件24脱离啮合，实现外科器械200从第一状态至第二状态的切换，操作简单，设计十分合理。
在第一状态，齿轮32与第一止挡面72抵接，还可避免齿轮32在第一状态推动离合件58，从而避免离合件58位置偏离，最终避免外科器械200无法正常切换状态。
第一弹性件70为螺旋弹簧，第一弹性件70的第一端与第二止挡面74抵接，第二端与齿轮32抵接。具体的，齿轮32设有轴向盲孔(未示出)，第一弹性件70部分伸入轴向盲孔中，第一弹性件70的第二端与轴向盲孔的封闭端抵接，充分利用齿轮32的空间，使得外科器械200结构紧凑。需要说明的是，齿轮32具有沿轴向延伸且贯通两侧端面的中心孔，中心孔套设于杆件而支撑齿轮32的转动，齿轮32在离合件58和第一弹性件70的推动下沿杆件滑动。轴向盲孔从齿轮32靠近第一弹性件70的一侧端面向内延伸但并不会贯穿另一侧端面。中心孔的直径小于轴向盲孔的直径，且中心孔位于轴向盲孔的范围内。
请参见图3和图4，如前所述，在第一状态，切换件60与退刀机构卡接配合。具体的，在第一状态，切换件60卡入退刀机构。在第二状态，切换件60与离合件58卡接配合。具体的，在第二状态，切换件60卡入离合件58。
更具体的，退刀机构设有第一卡接槽78，在图3所示的第一状态，切换件60卡入 第一卡接槽78；离合件58设有第二卡接槽80，在图4所示的第二状态，切换件60卡入第二卡接槽80。
由此，切换件60卡入不同的卡接槽即可实现两个状态之间的切换，结构简单。
切换件60与第一卡接槽78和第二卡接槽80均松配，可以方便的卡入及取出，从而使外科器械200方便的从第一状态切换至第二状态。
请参见图3、图4和图8，切换件60包括主体部82，主体部82具有第一端84和第二端86，在第一状态，第一端84卡入第一卡接槽78；在第二状态，第二端86卡入第二卡接槽80。主体部82纵长延伸，第一端84和第二端86分别为主体部82的一个末端，在图3所示的第一状态，第一卡接槽78和第二卡接槽80的开口朝向彼此的方向，主体部82沿其延伸方向移动即可切换位置，切换十分方便。
请参见图8和图9，机架16设有切换件收容槽88，切换件收容槽88收容并支撑切换件60，外科器械200还包括与切换件收容槽88的开口配合的盖子90，盖子90的下侧与切换件收容槽88配合形成上下方向封闭的引导槽，引导槽可以限定切换件60的主体部82的移动方向。具体的，引导槽限定主体部82沿与传动件24的延伸方向平行的方向移动，从而使外科器械200在第一状态和第二状态之间切换。
请返回图3，如前所述，退刀机构包括把手52、与把手52枢转连接的退刀驱动件38。本实施方式中，第一卡接槽78设置在把手52上。当切换件60卡入把手52设置的第一卡接槽78时，切换件60限制了把手52的运动，从而限制了退刀驱动件38的运动，使外科器械200位于第一状态。
把手52纵长延伸，切换件60卡入把手52设置的第一卡接槽78时，把手52的延伸方向大致平行于传动件24的延伸方向。这可在外科器械200位于第一状态即正常工作时，避免把手52倾斜而增大外科器械200的体积。
请继续参见图3，抵接部94和第二卡接槽80的槽底在切换件60的运动方向上间隔设置，抵接部94相对第二卡接槽80的槽底靠近第一卡接槽78。在第一状态，抵接部94与切换件60的主体部82的第二端86抵接，使第一端84保持在第一卡接槽78中。这可以使外科器械200在第一状态时，保证切换件60与退刀机构接合，从而保证退刀机构不工作，防止退刀机构影响齿轮32与传动件24的正常传动。
抵接部94为离合件58的靠近退刀机构的外表面的一部分。具体的，抵接部94为离合件58的操作部62的靠近退刀机构的外表面与切换件60抵接的部分。第二卡接槽80从离合件58的操作部62的靠近退刀机构的外表面的其它部分(与抵接部94不重合)向内凹陷形成。抵接部94和第二卡接槽80如此设计，可以使离合件58的结构规整且简单。 优选的，抵接部94所在的外表面与离合件58的操作部62的操作表面66大致垂直，合理利用离合件58的不同表面，结构设计合理。
请结合图3、图4和图9，外科器械200还包括第二弹性件96，第二弹性件96对切换件60施力的方向与切换件60的运动方向平行，具体的，与切换件60运动以与离合件58配接的方向平行，即与切换件60卡入离合件58的运动方向大致相同，使得第二弹性件96对切换件60施力使切换件60具有卡入离合件58的运动趋势。
抵接部94与第二卡接槽80在离合件58的运动方向上间隔设置，在离合件58的运动方向上，抵接部94与第二卡接槽80之间的距离与离合件58的运动行程大致相等。需要说明的是，由于抵接部94及第二卡接槽80在离合件58的运动方向上均延伸一定长度，抵接部94与第二卡接槽80均不是一个点，我们可以定义，在离合件58的运动方向上，抵接部94的中心点与第二卡接槽80的中心点之间的距离为抵接部94与第二卡接槽80之间的距离，但这个定义并不绝对，只需要满足抵接部94与第二卡接槽80之间的距离与离合件58的运动行程大致相等，可以使外科器械顺利从第一状态切换至第二状态即可。凡采用与本实施方式相同或类似的方案均涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
由此，克服第一弹性件70的作用下压离合件58时，离合件58开始促动齿轮32与传动件24脱离啮合，当离合件58完成其行程运动至使齿轮32与传动件24脱离啮合的位置，切换件60从与抵接部94抵接的位置切换至与第二卡接槽80相对的位置，并在第二弹性件96的作用下，切换件60自动从与第一卡接槽78接合的位置移动至与第二卡接槽80接合的位置，使外科器械200自动切换至第二状态，结构设计十分合理，无需额外的操作即可从第一状态切换至第二状态，方便外科器械200进一步的操作。
切换件60还包括与主体部82相连的杆部98，杆部98的延伸方向与主体部82的延伸方向垂直，第二弹性件96为螺旋弹簧，螺旋弹簧套设在切换件60的主体部82上，一端与机架16设置的切换件收容槽88的内壁抵接，另一端与切换件60的杆部98抵接，结构设计合理。
机架16与盖子90之间形成开口，杆部98穿过开口，杆部98的末端位于壳体16内，具体的，杆部98的末端位于机架16与壳体10之间，即杆部98的末端伸出机架16外、但未伸出壳体10外，而是位于壳体10内。由此，生产过程中，在未安装壳体10前，可通过触及杆部98而调整切换件60的位置，从而调整外科器械200的状态并验证外科器械200的功能。也就是说，在未安装壳体10之前，按压离合件58，外科器械200可从第一状态切换至第二状态；拨动杆部98，使切换件60脱离第二卡接槽80，外科器械200可从第二状态切换至第一状态。而在安装壳体10后，外科器械200安装完成，杆部98 的末端位于壳体内，杆部98不再容易被触及，外科器械200只能从第一状态切换至第二状态，而不能从第二状态切换至第一状态，防止外科器械200未经消毒而再次使用。
请参见图6、图7和图10，如前所述，退刀机构包括退刀驱动件38和把手52。为了在切换件60脱离第一卡接槽78而进入第二卡接槽80后，使退刀驱动件38自动卡入第二系列齿36，把手52与退刀驱动件38之间设有第三弹性件102。
第三弹性件102对退刀驱动件38施以朝向传动件24的作用力，这样可以在切换件60切换至退刀状态时，使退刀驱动件38自动卡入传动件24设置的第二系列齿36。
把手52向下枢转可驱动退刀驱动件38小幅度转动的同时沿传动件24的延伸方向平移，从而驱动退刀，为了使把手52向下枢转到位时，自动回复至初始状态而再一次驱动退刀驱动件38平移，第三弹性件102对把手52施以远离传动件24的作用力。
第三弹性件102为扭簧，扭簧的中心圈104套设在退刀驱动件38的第二转轴56上，扭簧的第一自由端106与退刀驱动件38抵接、扭簧的第二自由端108与把手52抵接，从而扭簧对退刀驱动件38施以朝向传动件24的作用力、对把手52施以远离传动件24的作用力。
把手52设置退刀驱动件收容槽110和第三弹性件收容槽112。外科器械200在第一状态时，退刀驱动件38部分收容于退刀驱动件收容槽110中。扭簧的中心圈104及第二自由端108收容在第三弹性件收容槽112中。退刀驱动件38的本体40远离驱动体42的一端设置有凸起114，扭簧的第一自由端106抵接在凸起114上。如此设置，结构合理的使退刀驱动件38和把手52安装在一起。
由于第三弹性件102对退刀驱动件38施以朝向传动件24的作用力，这个力使退刀驱动件38具有卡入第二系列齿36的趋势。为了避免外科器械200位于第一状态时退刀驱动件38卡入第二系列齿36，机架16设有止挡部116，退刀驱动件38与止挡部116抵接。具体的，退刀驱动件38的驱动体42与止挡部116抵接，可防止退刀驱动件38卡入第二系列齿36。
止挡部116在第一状态防止退刀驱动件38卡入第二系列齿36，并不会影响退刀驱动件38在第二状态卡入第二系列齿36，原因在于：由于退刀驱动件38的枢转轴线与把手52的枢转轴线平行且间隔一定距离，当把手52向上枢转时，把手52带动退刀驱动件38小幅度向上枢转的同时可带动退刀驱动件38在传动件24的延伸方向上移动一定距离，由此，退刀驱动件38的驱动体42与止挡部116脱开，从而允许退刀驱动件38在第二状态时卡入第二系列齿36，而实现手动退刀的功能。
请结合图11和图12，离合件58、把手52均由机架16收容及支撑。具体的，机架 16设有离合件收容槽68，离合件收容槽68收容及支撑离合件58，并对离合件58的运动进行导向。机架16设有把手收容槽92，把手收容槽92用于收容及支撑把手52，外科器械200在第一状态时，把手52基本收容于把手收容槽92中，把手52的顶面封闭把手收容槽92的开口。优选的，把手52的顶面为平面，外科器械在第一状态时，把手52的顶面与传动件的延伸方向平行，使外科器械200的结构规整，从而减小外科器械200的体积。壳体10设有遮盖离合件58和把手52的保护盖118。可防止外科器械200正常工作时，误操作离合件58及把手52。
下面描述外科器械200的使用过程。
外科器械200正常工作而位于第一状态时，第一弹性件70对齿轮32施力，使齿轮32的上端与机架16上的第一止挡面72抵接，齿轮32与传动件24的第一系列齿28啮合。离合件58设置的抵接部94与切换件60的第二端86抵接，切换件60克服第二弹性件96的作用力，切换件60的第一端84卡入把手52上的第一卡接槽78，把手52无法运动，退刀驱动件38也无法运动，退刀机构不工作。同时，机架16的止挡部116与退刀驱动件38的驱动体42抵接，防止退刀驱动件38卡入第二系列齿36。在需要时，电机34驱动齿轮32转动，齿轮32转动驱动传动件24移动，从而驱动切割构件进刀或退刀。需要说明的是，在第一状态，齿轮32与传动件24持续啮合而驱动切割构件在一定行程内持续移动。
当外科器械200出现故障，需要手动退刀时，打开保护盖118，露出离合件58及把手52。下压离合件58，当离合件58设置的第二卡接槽80与切换件60的主体部82的第二端86相对时，第二弹性件96形变恢复，第二弹性件96对切换件60施力推动切换件60，切换件60的第一端84脱离第一卡接槽78、第二端86卡入第二卡接槽80。一旦切换件60的第一端84脱离第一卡接槽78，安装在把手52和退刀驱动件38之间的第三弹性件102形变恢复，把手52向上枢转可供操作者操作、退刀驱动件38向下枢转的同时沿传动件24的延伸方向平移一段距离，退刀驱动件38与止挡部116错开，退刀驱动件38在第三弹性件102的作用下卡入传动件24的第二系列齿36的其中一个齿缝。
随后，下压把手52，以图5为参考，把手52逆时针转动，由于退刀驱动件38的枢转轴线与把手52的枢转轴线平行且间隔一定距离，把手52克服第三弹性件102的作用力下压，带动退刀驱动件38沿传动件24的延伸方向平移一定距离，在这个过程中，退刀驱动件38的驱动体42的第一表面44拉动第二系列齿36的其中一个齿的第一齿面48，从而拉动传动件24运动而退刀。当把手52下压到底后，把手52在第三弹性件102的作用下向上枢转，把手52带动退刀驱动件38脱离上述齿缝，当把手52再次向下枢转过程 中，退刀驱动件38卡入第二系列齿36的另一个齿缝，并在传动件24的延伸方向上平移一定距离，退刀驱动件38的驱动体42的第一表面44拉动下一个齿的第一齿面48，从而继续拉动传动件24移动而退刀。由此，不断枢转把手52，即可实现间断的退刀操作，直至退刀完成。也就是说，在第二状态，退刀机构与传动件间歇啮合而实现间断的退刀操作。
综上，本实施方式中，驱动机构30及退刀机构择一地与传动件24耦合，驱动机构30与传动件24耦合以驱动切割构件进刀或退刀，退刀机构与传动件24耦合以驱动切割构件退刀，外科器械200还包括离合件58和切换件60，离合件58用于促动驱动机构30使其与传动件24脱离耦合；外科器械200具有两种状态，在第一状态，切换件60与退刀机构配接以止动退刀机构，驱动机构30与传动件24耦合，外科器械200可以通过驱动机构30驱动切割构件正常的进刀或退刀；在第二状态，驱动机构30与传动件24脱离耦合，切换件60与离合件58配接以止动离合件58，退刀机构与传动件24耦合，退刀机构驱动传动件24，实现外科器械200在紧急状态下的退刀。由此，通过离合件58和切换件60的状态变化，外科器械200可以方便的从第一状态切换至第二状态，满足外科器械200的不同功能需要，且结构设计合理，使用方便。
应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施方式中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施方式的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施方式或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种外科器械，包括切割构件、与所述切割构件相连的传动件、驱动所述传动件的驱动机构及退刀机构，所述驱动机构及所述退刀机构择一地与所述传动件耦合，所述驱动机构与所述传动件耦合以驱动所述切割构件进刀或退刀，所述退刀机构与所述传动件耦合以驱动所述切割构件退刀，其特征在于：所述外科器械还包括离合件和切换件，所述离合件用于促动所述驱动机构使其与所述传动件脱离耦合；所述外科器械具有两种状态，在第一状态，所述切换件与所述退刀机构配接以止动所述退刀机构，所述驱动机构与所述传动件耦合；在第二状态，所述驱动机构与所述传动件脱离耦合，所述切换件与所述离合件配接以止动所述离合件，所述退刀机构与所述传动件耦合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其特征在于：在所述第一状态，所述切换件与所述退刀机构卡接配合；在所述第二状态，所述切换件与所述离合件卡接配合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的外科器械，其特征在于：所述切换件包括主体部，所述主体部具有第一端和第二端，所述退刀机构设有第一卡接槽，所述离合件设有第二卡接槽；在所述第一状态，所述第一端卡入所述第一卡接槽；在所述第二状态，所述第二端卡入所述第二卡接槽。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的外科器械，其特征在于：所述离合件设有抵接部，在所述第一状态，所述抵接部与所述第二端抵接使所述第一端保持在所述第一卡接槽中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的外科器械，其特征在于：所述抵接部与所述第二卡接槽在离合件的运动方向上间隔设置，所述抵接部与所述第二卡接槽之间的距离与所述离合件的运动行程大致相等。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的外科器械，其特征在于：所述抵接部和所述第二卡接槽的槽底在所述切换件的运动方向上间隔设置，所述抵接部相对所述第二卡接槽的槽底靠近所述第一卡接槽。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的外科器械，其特征在于：所述抵接部为离合件的靠近所述退刀机构的外表面的一部分，所述第二卡接槽从所述外表面的其它部分向内凹陷形成。
  8. 根据权利要求1或4所述的外科器械，其特征在于：所述外科器械还包括弹性件，所述弹性件对所述切换件施力的方向与所述切换件的运动方向平行。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的外科器械，其特征在于：所述外科器械还包括机架，所述机架用于收容及支撑所述切换件，所述切换件包括主体部及与所述主体部相连的杆部，所述弹性件套设在所述主体部上，所述弹性件的一端与机架抵接，所述弹性件的另一端 与杆部抵接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其特征在于：所述外科器械还包括壳体、和设于所述壳体内的机架，所述机架用于收容及支撑所述切换件，所述切换件包括主体部和与所述主体部相连的杆部，所述杆部的末端位于所述壳体内。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其特征在于：所述退刀机构包括把手、由所述把手驱动的退刀驱动件，所述退刀驱动件用于与所述传动件耦合；在所述第一状态，所述切换件与所述把手配接。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其特征在于：所述驱动机构包括齿轮，所述传动件为齿条，所述齿条设有间隔设置的第一系列齿和第二系列齿；所述退刀机构包括退刀驱动件；在所述第一状态，所述齿轮与所述第一系列齿啮合；在所述第二状态，所述齿轮与所述第一系列齿脱离啮合，所述退刀驱动件与所述第二系列齿啮合。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其特征在于：所述耦合为啮合，在所述第一状态，所述驱动机构与所述传动件持续啮合；在所述第二状态，所述退刀机构与所述传动件间歇啮合。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其特征在于：所述离合件的运动方向垂直于所述切割构件的运动方向。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其特征在于：所述切换件的运动方向与所述切割构件的运动方向平行。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的外科器械，其特征在于：所述离合件的运动方向与所述切换件的运动方向垂直。
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CN114098867B (zh) * 2020-08-28 2024-01-16 江苏风和医疗器材股份有限公司 一种外科器械
CN114098868B (zh) * 2020-08-28 2024-01-16 江苏风和医疗器材股份有限公司 一种外科器械
CN114098869A (zh) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-01 江苏风和医疗器材股份有限公司 一种外科器械
CN114098865B (zh) * 2020-08-28 2024-02-09 江苏风和医疗器材股份有限公司 外科器械
CN112842477B (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-11-02 邓娅莉 一种乳腺增生检测切除装置
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