WO2021115134A1 - 一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置和方法 - Google Patents

一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021115134A1
WO2021115134A1 PCT/CN2020/132045 CN2020132045W WO2021115134A1 WO 2021115134 A1 WO2021115134 A1 WO 2021115134A1 CN 2020132045 W CN2020132045 W CN 2020132045W WO 2021115134 A1 WO2021115134 A1 WO 2021115134A1
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Prior art keywords
crushing
fermentation tank
fixedly connected
organic fertilizer
based organic
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PCT/CN2020/132045
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张要军
杨中领
刘彦春
赵灿灿
苏磊
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河南大学
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Publication of WO2021115134A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021115134A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and specifically relates to a device and method for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer by using straw.
  • Biochar-based organic fertilizers need to go through processes such as mixing, fermentation, crushing, drying, and screening. During the preparation process, the operator has a high labor intensity, low work efficiency, and takes up space.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer by using straw to solve the problems raised in the background art.
  • a device for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer using straws including a fermentation tank, a hoist, and a crushing dryer
  • the top of the fermentation tank is provided with a fermentation tank feed inlet
  • the inside of the fermentation tank is provided with a solenoid valve port
  • the bottom end of the fermentation tank is provided with a fermentation tank discharge port obliquely
  • the fermentation tank discharge port is located above the feed port of the hoist
  • the crushing drying The upper end of the machine is provided with a crushing dryer feed inlet
  • the lower end of the crushing dryer is provided with a crushing dryer outlet at an inclination
  • a collection box is provided below the crushing dryer outlet, so The feed inlet of the crushing dryer is located below the outlet of the hoist.
  • an agitator motor is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation tank, a rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the lower end of the agitator motor, and a stirrer is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft, and the agitator is located inside the fermentation tank.
  • a water pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the fermenter, and the lower end of the water pipe extends to the inside of the fermenter.
  • two sets of crushing rollers are rotatably connected in the feed inlet of the crushing and drying machine, and the outside of the crushing roller is provided with a reinforcing plate, and the reinforcing plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall surface of the feeding port of the crushing and drying machine.
  • the crushing roller is connected with a crushing roller motor.
  • the top of the crushing and drying machine is connected with an air duct, one end of the air duct is connected with a heater, and the heater is connected with a fan.
  • a sieve plate is fixedly connected to the inside of the crushing and drying machine, and the surface of the sieve plate is evenly provided with sieve holes.
  • the outer wall of the crushing and drying machine is fixedly connected with a fixing plate
  • the surface of the fixing plate is fixedly connected with two sets of sliding sleeves
  • the two sets of sliding sleeves are slidably connected with a push rod
  • one end of the push rod It extends to the inside of the crushing dryer and is fixedly connected with a push block
  • the push rod is also slidably connected with a sliding groove
  • a sliding block is slidingly connected to the sliding groove
  • the surface of the sliding block is rotatably connected with a connecting rod, so
  • the connecting rod is connected with the output shaft of the screening motor.
  • a method for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer using straws includes the following specific implementation steps:
  • Step one crush the straw to 1 ⁇ 2cm, pour the crushed straw and livestock manure, grass charcoal soil, humic acid, wood vinegar liquid and fermentation bacteria into the fermentation tank, and drive the agitator to drive the agitator to the fermentation tank through the agitator motor
  • the materials are mixed;
  • Step two stop the agitator motor, the material is composted in the fermentation tank, the material is heated and high temperature stage, during the period, add appropriate amount of water through the water pipe, the fermentation time is 2 to 3 days;
  • Step three the material is aged, the compost is cooled down, the feed port of the fermenter is opened, and the air hole is inserted in the pile;
  • Step 4 After the aging is completed, the solenoid valve port of the fermentation tank is opened, and the material falls into the elevator through the outlet of the fermentation tank, and the elevator brings the material into the inlet of the crushing dryer, and the crushing roller crushes the material. After the material falls on the sieve plate;
  • Step 5 The air blower brings the air heated by the heater into the crushing dryer through the air duct to dry the materials on the screen plate;
  • Step 6 After the material is dried, the screen material motor drives the slider through the connecting rod, and the slider drives the push rod through the chute, so that the push block pushes the material on the sieve plate, so that the material with qualified particle size will fall through the sieve hole.
  • the screen material motor drives the slider through the connecting rod, and the slider drives the push rod through the chute, so that the push block pushes the material on the sieve plate, so that the material with qualified particle size will fall through the sieve hole.
  • Step 7 Recover the materials on the sieve plate for recycling.
  • step 1 parts by weight: 15-25 parts of straw, 30-40 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 10-20 parts of turf soil, 3-4 parts of wood vinegar liquid, and 0.5-1.5 parts of fermentation inoculum.
  • the device for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer using straws has perfect functions, and realizes the automatic operation of biochar-based organic fertilizer mixing, fermentation, crushing, drying and screening processes, without manual operations, reducing the staff
  • the work intensity is improved, the work efficiency is improved, and the device structure is compact, the space occupation is small, and the cost is low.
  • the method for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer using straws, using agricultural wastes such as straws to process and produce biochar-based organic fertilizers, can not only reduce the waste of resources, but also avoid secondary pollution caused by agricultural wastes.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fermentation tank of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crushing and drying machine of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a technical solution: a device for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer using straws, including a fermentation tank 1, a hoist 2 and a crushing dryer 3, the top of the fermentation tank 1 is provided Fermenter feed port 4, the inside of fermenter 1 is provided with a solenoid valve port, the bottom end of fermenter 1 is provided with a fermenter outlet 5 obliquely, and the fermenter outlet 5 is located above the feed inlet of the elevator 2.
  • the upper end of the crushing and drying machine 3 is provided with a crushing and drying machine inlet 6; the lower end of the crushing and drying machine 3 is provided with a crushing and drying machine outlet opening 7 obliquely;
  • the feed box 8 and the feed port 6 of the crushing dryer are located below the feed port of the elevator 2.
  • a stirrer motor 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the fermentation tank 1
  • a rotating shaft 10 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the stirrer motor 9, and a stirrer 11 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft 10, and the stirrer 11 is located inside the fermentation tank 1.
  • a water pipe 12 is fixedly connected to the top of the fermenter 1, and the lower end of the water pipe 12 extends to the inside of the fermenter 1.
  • two groups of crushing rollers 13 are rotatably connected in the feed port 7 of the crushing and drying machine.
  • the outside of the crushing roller 13 is provided with a reinforcing plate 14 which is fixedly connected to the inner wall surface of the feed port 7 of the crushing and drying machine.
  • the roller 13 is connected with a crushing roller motor.
  • the top of the crushing and drying machine 3 is connected with an air guide tube 15, one end of the air guide tube 15 is connected with a heater 16, and the heater 16 is connected with a fan 17.
  • the inside of the crushing and drying machine 3 is fixedly connected with a sieve plate 18, and the surface of the sieve plate 18 is evenly provided with sieve holes.
  • the outer wall of the crushing and drying machine is fixedly connected with a fixed plate 19, and the surface of the fixed plate 19 is fixedly connected with two sets of sliding sleeves 20.
  • the two sets of sliding sleeves 20 are slidably connected with a push rod 21, and one end of the push rod 21 extends to the crushing
  • a push block 22 is fixedly connected to the inside of the dryer 3
  • a sliding groove 23 is slidably connected to the push rod 21
  • a sliding block 24 is slidingly connected to the sliding groove 23
  • a connecting rod 25 is rotatably connected to the surface of the sliding block 24. 25 is connected to the output shaft of the screening motor.
  • the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer using straws, including the following specific implementation steps:
  • Step one crush the straw to 1cm, and pour the crushed straw, livestock manure, peat soil, humic acid, wood vinegar liquid and fermentation inoculum into the fermenter 1, and the agitator 11 is driven by the agitator motor 9 to the fermenter Mix the materials in 1;
  • Step two stop the agitator motor 9, the material is composted in the fermenter 1, and the material is heated and high temperature stage, during which an appropriate amount of water is added through the water pipe 12, and the fermentation time is 3 days;
  • Step three the material is aged, the compost is cooled down, the feed port 4 of the fermenter is opened, and the vent hole is inserted in the pile body;
  • Step 4 After the aging is completed, the solenoid valve port of the fermenter 1 is opened, and the material falls into the elevator 2 through the outlet 5 of the fermenter, and the elevator 2 brings the material into the feed inlet 6 of the crushing dryer, and the crushing roller 13 Crush the materials, and the crushed materials fall on the sieve plate 18;
  • Step 5 the air blower 17 brings the air heated by the heater 16 into the crushing dryer 3 through the air guide tube 15 to dry the material on the sieve plate 18;
  • Step 6 After the material is dried, the screen material motor drives the slider 24 through the connecting rod 25, and the slider 24 drives the push rod 21 through the chute 23, so that the push block 22 pushes the material on the sieve plate 18 to make the particle size qualified The material falls into the collection box 8 through the sieve;
  • Step 7 recover the materials on the sieve plate 18 for recycling.
  • step 1 parts by weight: 15 parts of straw, 40 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15 parts of grass charcoal soil, 3 parts of wood vinegar liquid, and 0.5 parts of fermentation inoculum.
  • the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for preparing biochar-based organic fertilizer using straws, including the following specific implementation steps:
  • Step one crush the straw to 2cm, and pour the crushed straw and livestock manure, peat soil, humic acid, wood vinegar liquid and fermentation inoculum into the fermenter 1, and the agitator motor 9 drives the agitator 11 to the fermenter Mix the materials in 1;
  • Step two stop the agitator motor 9, the materials are composted in the fermenter 1, and the materials are heated and high temperature stage, during which a suitable amount of water is added through the water pipe 12, and the fermentation time is 2 days;
  • Step three the material is aged, the compost is cooled down, the feed port 4 of the fermenter is opened, and the vent hole is inserted in the pile body;
  • Step 4 After the aging is completed, the solenoid valve port of the fermenter 1 is opened, and the material falls into the elevator 2 through the outlet 5 of the fermenter, and the elevator 2 brings the material into the feed inlet 6 of the crushing dryer, and the crushing roller 13 Crush the materials, and the crushed materials fall on the sieve plate 18;
  • Step 5 the air blower 17 brings the air heated by the heater 16 into the crushing and drying machine 3 through the air guide tube 15 to dry the material on the sieve plate 18;
  • Step 6 After the material is dried, the screen material motor drives the slider 24 through the connecting rod 25, and the slider 24 drives the push rod 21 through the chute 23, so that the push block 22 pushes the material on the sieve plate 18 to make the particle size qualified The material falls into the collection box 8 through the sieve;
  • Step 7 recover the materials on the sieve plate 18 for recycling.
  • step 1 parts by weight: 25 parts of straw, 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 10 parts of grass charcoal soil, 3 parts of wood vinegar liquid, and 1.5 parts of fermentation inoculum.
  • the description with reference to the terms “one embodiment”, “example”, “specific example”, etc. means that the specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in combination with the embodiment or example is included in at least the present invention. In one embodiment or example. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above-mentioned terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

Abstract

本发明涉有机肥制备技术领域，具体为一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置和方法，包括发酵罐、提升机和破碎烘干机，所述发酵罐的顶端设有发酵罐进料口，所述发酵罐的内部设有电磁阀口，所述发酵罐的底端倾斜设置有发酵罐出料口，所述发酵罐出料口位于提升机的进料口上方，所述破碎烘干机的上端设有破碎烘干机进料口，所述破碎烘干机的下端倾斜设置有破碎烘干机出料口，所述破碎烘干机出料口的下方设有集料箱，所述破碎烘干机进料口位于提升机的出料口下方。

Description

一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置和方法 技术领域
本发明涉有机肥制备技术领域，具体为一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置和方法。
背景技术
当前中国秸秆产生量巨大，但由于秸秆资源价值未被充分认识，收储运体系不畅，现有技术不成熟或与现代生产生活方式不适应，秸秆已成为三大农业面源污染之一。传统生物培肥历时长，转化效率低，转化过程伴随不愉快气味释放，无害化程度低，仍含有大量环境污染物。需要先进、绿色、高效循环的处理处置技术。
生物炭基有机肥需要经过混合、发酵、粉碎、烘干和筛分等工序，制备过程中操作人员的劳动强度较大，作业效率较低且占用场地。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置和方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置，包括发酵罐、提升机和破碎烘干机，所述发酵罐的顶端设有发酵罐进料口，所述发酵罐的内部设有电磁阀口，所述发酵罐的底端倾斜设置有发酵罐出料口，所述发酵罐出料口位于提升机的进料口上方，所述破碎烘干机的上端设有破碎烘干机进料口，所述破碎烘干机的下端倾斜设置有破碎烘干机出料口，所述破碎烘干机出料口的下方设有集料箱，所述破碎烘干机进料口位于提升机的出料口下方。
优选的，所述发酵罐的顶端固定连接有搅拌器电机，所述搅拌器电机的下端固定连接有转轴，所述转轴的下端固定连接有搅拌器，所述搅拌器位于发酵罐的内部。
优选的，所述发酵罐的顶端固定连接有导水管，所述导水管的下端延伸至发酵罐的内部。
优选的，所述破碎烘干机进料口内转动连接有两组破碎辊，所述破碎辊的外部设有加强板，所述加强板固定连接在破碎烘干机进料口的内壁表面，所述破碎辊连接有破碎辊电机。
优选的，所述破碎烘干机的顶端连通有导风管，所述导风管的一端连接有加热器，所述加热器连接有风机。
优选的，所述破碎烘干机的内部固定连接有筛板，所述筛板的表面均匀开设有筛孔。
优选的，所述破碎烘干机的外壁固定连接有固定板，所述固定板的表面固定连接有两组滑套，两组所述滑套内滑动连接有推杆，所述推杆的一端延伸至破碎烘干机内部并固定连接有推块，所述推杆上还滑动连接有滑槽，所述滑槽内滑动连接有滑块，所述滑块的表面转动连接有连杆，所述连杆连接有筛料电机的输出轴。
一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的方法，包括以下具体实施步骤：
步骤一，将秸秆粉碎至1～2cm，粉碎后的秸秆和畜禽粪便、草炭土、腐殖酸、木醋液和发酵菌剂倒入发酵罐，通过搅拌器电机带动搅拌器对发酵罐内的物料进行混合；
步骤二，停转搅拌器电机，物料在发酵罐堆肥，物料进行升温和高温阶段，期间通过导水管加适量水，发酵时间为2～3天；
步骤三，物料陈化，堆肥降温，打开发酵罐进料口，在堆体上插通气孔；
步骤四，陈化完成后，发酵罐的电磁阀口打开，物料通过发酵罐出料口落入提升机，提升机将物料带入破碎烘干机进料口，破碎辊对物料进行粉碎，粉碎后的物料落入筛板上；
步骤五，风机将加热器加热后的空气通过导风管带入破碎烘干机内对筛板上的物料进行烘干；
步骤六，物料烘干后，筛料电机通过连杆带动滑块，滑块通过滑槽带动推杆，使推块对筛板上的物料进行推动，使粒径合格的物料通过筛孔落入集料箱内；
步骤七，回收筛板上的物料，进行循环利用。
优选的，在步骤一中，按重量份数：秸秆15～25份、畜禽粪便30～40份、草炭土10～20份、木醋液3～4份、发酵菌剂0.5～1.5份。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1)该利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置，功能完善，实现了生物炭基有机肥混合、发酵、粉碎、烘干和筛分等工序的自动作业，无需人工作业，降低了工作人员的工作强度，提高了工作效率，且装置结构紧凑，空间占用量小，造价成本低。
2)该利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的方法，利用秸秆等农业废弃物加工生产生物炭基有机肥，既可减少资源的浪费，又可避免农业废弃物带来的二次污染染。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的发酵罐的结构示意图；
图3为本发明的破碎烘干机的结构示意图；
附图中，各标号所代表的部件列表如下：
1发酵罐、2提升机、3破碎烘干机、4发酵罐进料口、5发酵罐出料口、6破碎烘干机进料口、7破碎烘干机出料口、8集料箱、9搅拌器电机、10转轴、11搅拌器、12导水管、13破碎辊、14加强板、15导风管、16加热器、17风机、18筛板、19固定板、20滑套、21推杆、22推块、23滑槽、24滑块、25连杆。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
请参阅图1～3，本发明提供一种技术方案：一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置，包括发酵罐1、提升机2和破碎烘干机3，发酵罐1的顶端设有发酵罐进料口4，发酵罐1的内部设有电磁阀口，发酵罐1的底端倾斜设置有发酵罐出料口5，发酵罐出料口5位于提升机2的进料口上方，破碎烘干机3的上端设有破碎烘干机进料口6，破碎烘干机3的下端倾斜设置有破碎烘干机出料口7，破碎烘干机出料口7的下方设有集料箱8，破碎烘干机进料口6位于提升机2的出料口下方。
其中，发酵罐1的顶端固定连接有搅拌器电机9，搅拌器电机9的下端固定连接有转轴10，转轴10的下端固定连接有搅拌器11，搅拌器11位于发酵罐1的内部。
其中，发酵罐1的顶端固定连接有导水管12，导水管12的下端延伸至发酵罐1的内部。
其中，破碎烘干机进料口7内转动连接有两组破碎辊13，破碎辊13的外部设有加强板14，加强板14固定连接在破碎烘干机进料口7的内壁表面，破碎辊13连接有破碎辊电机。
其中，破碎烘干机3的顶端连通有导风管15，导风管15的一端连接有加热器16，加热器16连接有风机17。
其中，破碎烘干机3的内部固定连接有筛板18，筛板18的表面均匀开设有筛孔。
其中，破碎烘干机的外壁固定连接有固定板19，固定板19的表面固定连接有两组滑套20，两组滑套20内滑动连接有推杆21，推杆21的一端延伸至破碎烘干机3内部并固定连接有推块22，推杆21上还滑动连接有滑槽23，滑槽23内滑动连接有滑块24，滑块24的表面转动连接有连杆25，连杆25连接有筛料电机的输出轴。
实施例二
请参阅图1～3，本发明提供一种技术方案：一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的方法，包括以下具体实施步骤：
步骤一，将秸秆粉碎至1cm，粉碎后的秸秆和畜禽粪便、草炭土、腐殖酸、木醋液和发酵菌剂倒入发酵罐1，通过搅拌器电机9带动搅拌器11 对发酵罐1内的物料进行混合；
步骤二，停转搅拌器电机9，物料在发酵罐1堆肥，物料进行升温和高温阶段，期间通过导水管12加适量水，发酵时间为3天；
步骤三，物料陈化，堆肥降温，打开发酵罐进料口4，在堆体上插通气孔；
步骤四，陈化完成后，发酵罐1的电磁阀口打开，物料通过发酵罐出料口5落入提升机2，提升机2将物料带入破碎烘干机进料口6，破碎辊13对物料进行粉碎，粉碎后的物料落入筛板18上；
步骤五，风机17将加热器16加热后的空气通过导风管15带入破碎烘干机3内对筛板18上的物料进行烘干；
步骤六，物料烘干后，筛料电机通过连杆25带动滑块24，滑块24通过滑槽23带动推杆21，使推块22对筛板18上的物料进行推动，使粒径合格的物料通过筛孔落入集料箱8内；
步骤七，回收筛板18上的物料，进行循环利用。
其中，在步骤一中，按重量份数：秸秆15份、畜禽粪便40份、草炭土15份、木醋液3份、发酵菌剂0.5份。
实施例三
请参阅图1～3，本发明提供一种技术方案：一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的方法，包括以下具体实施步骤：
步骤一，将秸秆粉碎至2cm，粉碎后的秸秆和畜禽粪便、草炭土、腐殖酸、木醋液和发酵菌剂倒入发酵罐1，通过搅拌器电机9带动搅拌器11对发酵罐1内的物料进行混合；
步骤二，停转搅拌器电机9，物料在发酵罐1堆肥，物料进行升温和高温阶段，期间通过导水管12加适量水，发酵时间为2天；
步骤三，物料陈化，堆肥降温，打开发酵罐进料口4，在堆体上插通气孔；
步骤四，陈化完成后，发酵罐1的电磁阀口打开，物料通过发酵罐出料口5落入提升机2，提升机2将物料带入破碎烘干机进料口6，破碎辊13对物料进行粉碎，粉碎后的物料落入筛板18上；
步骤五，风机17将加热器16加热后的空气通过导风管15带入破碎 烘干机3内对筛板18上的物料进行烘干；
步骤六，物料烘干后，筛料电机通过连杆25带动滑块24，滑块24通过滑槽23带动推杆21，使推块22对筛板18上的物料进行推动，使粒径合格的物料通过筛孔落入集料箱8内；
步骤七，回收筛板18上的物料，进行循环利用。
其中，在步骤一中，按重量份数：秸秆25份、畜禽粪便30份、草炭土10份、木醋液3份、发酵菌剂1.5份。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上公开的本发明优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本发明。优选实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节，也不限制该发明仅为所述的具体实施方式。显然，根据本说明书的内容，可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例，是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用，从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地理解和利用本发明。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置，其特征在于，包括发酵罐(1)、提升机(2)和破碎烘干机(3)，所述发酵罐(1)的顶端设有发酵罐进料口(4)，所述发酵罐(1)的内部设有电磁阀口，所述发酵罐(1)的底端倾斜设置有发酵罐出料口(5)，所述发酵罐出料口(5)位于提升机(2)的进料口上方，所述破碎烘干机(3)的上端设有破碎烘干机进料口(6)，所述破碎烘干机(3)的下端倾斜设置有破碎烘干机出料口(7)，所述破碎烘干机出料口(7)的下方设有集料箱(8)，所述破碎烘干机进料口(6)位于提升机(2)的出料口下方。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置，其特征在于，所述发酵罐(1)的顶端固定连接有搅拌器电机(9)，所述搅拌器电机(9)的下端固定连接有转轴(10)，所述转轴(10)的下端固定连接有搅拌器(11)，所述搅拌器(11)位于发酵罐(1)的内部。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置，其特征在于，所述发酵罐(1)的顶端固定连接有导水管(12)，所述导水管(12)的下端延伸至发酵罐(1)的内部。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置，其特征在于，所述破碎烘干机进料口(7)内转动连接有两组破碎辊(13)，所述破碎辊(13)的外部设有加强板(14)，所述加强板(14)固定连接在破碎烘干机进料口(7)的内壁表面，所述破碎辊(13)连接有破碎辊电机。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置，其特征在于，所述破碎烘干机(3)的顶端连通有导风管(15)，所述导风管(15)的一端连接有加热器(16)，所述加热器(16)连接有风机(17)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置，其特征在于，所述破碎烘干机(3)的内部固定连接有筛板(18)，所述筛板(18)的表面均匀开设有筛孔。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的装置，其特征在于，所述破碎烘干机的外壁固定连接有固定板(19)，所述固定板(19)的表面固定连接有两组滑套(20)，两组所述滑套(20)内滑动 连接有推杆(21)，所述推杆(21)的一端延伸至破碎烘干机(3)内部并固定连接有推块(22)，所述推杆(21)上还滑动连接有滑槽(23)，所述滑槽(23)内滑动连接有滑块(24)，所述滑块(24)的表面转动连接有连杆(25)，所述连杆(25)连接有筛料电机的输出轴。
  8. 根据权利要求1～7任一项所述的一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的方法，其特征在于，包括以下具体实施步骤：
    步骤一，将秸秆粉碎至1～2cm，粉碎后的秸秆和畜禽粪便、草炭土、腐殖酸、木醋液和发酵菌剂倒入发酵罐(1)，通过搅拌器电机(9)带动搅拌器(11)对发酵罐(1)内的物料进行混合；
    步骤二，停转搅拌器电机(9)，物料在发酵罐(1)堆肥，物料进行升温和高温阶段，期间通过导水管(12)加适量水，发酵时间为2～3天；
    步骤三，物料陈化，堆肥降温，打开发酵罐进料口(4)，在堆体上插通气孔；
    步骤四，陈化完成后，发酵罐(1)的电磁阀口打开，物料通过发酵罐出料口(5)落入提升机(2)，提升机(2)将物料带入破碎烘干机进料口(6)，破碎辊(13)对物料进行粉碎，粉碎后的物料落入筛板(18)上；
    步骤五，风机(17)将加热器(16)加热后的空气通过导风管(15)带入破碎烘干机(3)内对筛板(18)上的物料进行烘干；
    步骤六，物料烘干后，筛料电机通过连杆(25)带动滑块(24)，滑块(24)通过滑槽(23)带动推杆(21)，使推块(22)对筛板(18)上的物料进行推动，使粒径合格的物料通过筛孔落入集料箱(8)内；
    步骤七，回收筛板(18)上的物料，进行循环利用。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种利用秸秆制备生物炭基有机肥的方法，其特征在于，在步骤一中，按重量份数：秸秆15～25份、畜禽粪便30～40份、草炭土10～20份、木醋液3～4份、发酵菌剂0.5～1.5份。
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