WO2021114323A1 - 卷绕式豆式电池 - Google Patents

卷绕式豆式电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021114323A1
WO2021114323A1 PCT/CN2019/125995 CN2019125995W WO2021114323A1 WO 2021114323 A1 WO2021114323 A1 WO 2021114323A1 CN 2019125995 W CN2019125995 W CN 2019125995W WO 2021114323 A1 WO2021114323 A1 WO 2021114323A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
surrounding wall
arc
wound
shaped
wall
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PCT/CN2019/125995
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐诚
冯彪
葛辉明
袁中直
刘金成
Original Assignee
惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201911284708.3A external-priority patent/CN110828716A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201922248843.4U external-priority patent/CN211017128U/zh
Application filed by 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 filed Critical 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司
Publication of WO2021114323A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021114323A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of battery technology, for example, to a wound bean battery.
  • Button battery also called button battery, refers to a battery whose shape and size are like a small button.
  • the button battery generally includes a bottom shell, a cap, and a battery cell arranged in a containing cavity formed by the two. Because the size of the button battery is very small, it is very difficult to seal.
  • the assembly process of the button battery is as follows: the sealing ring is sleeved on the bottom case, after operations such as placing the battery, the cap is placed on the bottom case for sealing treatment.
  • the existing button battery contains a sealing ring, its sealing effect is still general, which easily causes battery leakage and affects the service life of the button battery.
  • the sealing ring is also prone to breakage during sealing, resulting in sealing failure.
  • pole pieces of the current conventional wound cell are located at the outermost periphery of the entire wound cell.
  • the wound cell will continue to shrink and expand, causing the pole piece to be continuously pulled.
  • the pole piece is most vulnerable to the force of the pole ear spot weld is very prone to fracture.
  • a wound bean battery comprising a bottom case and a cap, a space for accommodating a wound cell is formed between the bottom case and the cap, and a tab of the wound cell is connected to the battery.
  • the cap is connected, and the other tab is connected with the bottom shell.
  • the bottom shell includes a bottom plate and a first surrounding wall ringed on one side of the bottom plate.
  • the cover cap includes a top plate and a ring ring mounted on the top plate.
  • the second surrounding wall on the side, the second surrounding wall is sleeved outside the first surrounding wall, and a plurality of continuous first arc-shaped portions are provided on the first surrounding wall along the axial direction of the first surrounding wall.
  • a plurality of second arc-shaped parts cooperating with the first arc-shaped part are provided on the second surrounding wall along its axial direction, and a sealing element is sandwiched between the first surrounding wall and the second surrounding wall;
  • the pole piece of the wound cell is located at or adjacent to the center of the wound cell and is provided with the tab, and the tab extends to the outside of the wound cell.
  • the first arc-shaped portion is annularly arranged on the first surrounding wall, and a plurality of the first arc-shaped portions are parallel along the axial direction of the first surrounding wall; or,
  • a plurality of the first arc-shaped portions are spirally wound on the first surrounding wall along the axial direction of the first surrounding wall; or,
  • the first arc-shaped portion includes a plurality of sub-arc-shaped portions arranged at annular intervals along the circumferential direction of the first surrounding wall.
  • the first arc-shaped part is formed by stamping or rolling of the first surrounding wall
  • the second arc-shaped part is formed by stamping or rolling of the second surrounding wall
  • all the first arc-shaped portions are protruding toward the center of the first surrounding wall, and all the second arc-shaped portions are protruding toward the center of the second surrounding wall. ;or,
  • All the first arc-shaped parts are protruding toward the center away from the first surrounding wall, and all the second arc-shaped parts are protruding toward the center away from the second surrounding wall; or,
  • the protruding directions of the two adjacent first arc-shaped portions on the first surrounding wall are opposite, and a plurality of the first arc-shaped portions form a first wave-shaped structure on the first surrounding wall, so The plurality of second arc-shaped portions on the second surrounding wall form a second wave-shaped structure that matches with the first wave-shaped structure.
  • the hardness of the first surrounding wall is greater than the hardness of the second surrounding wall.
  • a necked part is formed at an end of the second surrounding wall away from the top plate, and the end of the necked part abuts against the outer wall of the first surrounding wall or the outer wall of the bottom plate; or ,
  • a crimping structure is provided at one end of the second surrounding wall away from the top plate, and the crimping structure abuts against the outer wall of the first surrounding wall.
  • the sealing element includes a sealing body sandwiched between the first surrounding wall and the second surrounding wall, and one end of the sealing body close to the top plate extends toward the center of the sealing body There is a first extension, and an end of the first extension away from the sealing body extends toward the bottom plate with a second extension, and the second extension is tightly attached to the inner wall of the first surrounding wall.
  • both the bottom shell and the cap are made of metal materials.
  • the pole piece includes a current collector and an active material coated on the current collector, and the current collector has a radial direction extending from the wound cell to the outside of the active material.
  • An extension part, the extension part is partially overlapped after being bent, the extension part and the pole piece are arranged at an angle, and the extension part is bent to form the tab; or,
  • the current collector is located at or adjacent to the center of the wound battery core and is provided with an empty foil area not coated with the active material, one end of the tab is welded to the empty foil area, and the other end extends to the The outside of the wound cell.
  • the wound cell includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and the separator has a direction along the axis of the wound cell Separating portions extending to both ends of the negative electrode sheet, and the isolating portions are used to separate the tabs of the wound cell and the end surface of the wound cell.
  • the wound bean-type battery provided by the embodiment of the application is provided with corresponding arc-shaped parts on the first and second surrounding walls, and the arc-shaped parts can be arranged to compress the sealing element on the first and second surrounding walls.
  • the sealing performance between the bottom shell and the cap is significantly improved, and the arc-shaped part can also protect the seal, prevent the seal from being damaged during the edge sealing of the cap, and extend the service life of the seal
  • the deformation of the electric core exerts the pulling force on the pole piece, which makes the pole piece difficult to break and prolongs the life of the pole piece.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a wound bean-type battery provided by an embodiment.
  • Fig. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another wound bean battery provided by an embodiment.
  • Fig. 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of Fig. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another wound bean battery provided by an embodiment.
  • Fig. 6 is an exploded schematic diagram of Fig. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of still another wound bean battery provided by an embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another wound bean battery provided by an embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of pole pieces and tabs of a wound bean battery according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pole pieces and tabs of another wound bean battery provided by an embodiment.
  • the wound bean-type battery of the present disclosure includes a bottom shell 1 and a cap 2.
  • a space for accommodating the wound cell 3 is formed between the bottom shell 1 and the cap 2.
  • the wound cell One lug 31 of 3 is connected to the cap 2, and the other lug 31 is connected to the bottom shell 1.
  • the bottom shell 1 includes a bottom plate 11 and a first surrounding wall 12 ringed on one side of the bottom plate 11, and the cap 2 includes a top plate 21 and A second surrounding wall 22 ringed on one side of the top plate 21, the second surrounding wall 22 is sleeved outside the first surrounding wall 12, and the first surrounding wall 12 is provided with a plurality of continuous first arcs along its axial direction 13.
  • the second surrounding wall 22 is provided with a plurality of second arc-shaped portions 23 that cooperate with the first arc-shaped portion 13 along its axial direction, and a sealing member is sandwiched between the first surrounding wall 12 and the second surrounding wall 22 4; the pole piece 34 of the wound cell 3 is located at or adjacent to the center of the wound cell 3 with a tab 31, and the tab 31 extends to the outside of the wound cell 3.
  • the arrangement of the arc-shaped parts can press the sealing element 4 between the first surrounding wall 12 and the second surrounding wall 22, and
  • the convex arc part can be used to form a longer sealing reinforced area, which effectively raises the bottom.
  • the tightness between the shell 1 and the cap 2, and the contact position between the arc-shaped part and the sealing element 4 is a circular arc surface, which can effectively prevent the sealing element 4 from contacting sharp parts, thereby preventing the sealing element 4 from sealing in the cap 2.
  • the wound cell 3 can be cylindrical, square cylindrical, elliptical, or the like.
  • the first arc-shaped portion 13 is annularly arranged on the first surrounding wall 12, and correspondingly, the second arc-shaped portion 23 is also annularly arranged on the second surrounding wall 22,
  • the circular arc-shaped part can not only ensure better sealing effect, effectively prevent liquid leakage, but also reduce manufacturing difficulty and improve production efficiency.
  • the arc-shaped part of this structure is along the first wall 12 or the second wall There is no interval for 22 weeks to further enhance the sealing effect.
  • the arc-shaped portion is not limited to being an integral ring structure, and each arc-shaped portion can also be set as an annularly spaced structure.
  • the first arc-shaped portion 13 includes a circumferential ring shape along the first surrounding wall 12. There are a plurality of sub-arc portions arranged at intervals, and the positions of the sub-arc portions of the two adjacent first arc-shaped portions 13 are in one-to-one correspondence.
  • the second arc-shaped portion 23 also includes a circumferential ring shape along the second surrounding wall 22
  • the positions of the sub-arc-shaped parts of two adjacent second arc-shaped parts 23 are in one-to-one correspondence, so that the positions of the first arc-shaped part 13 and the second arc-shaped part 23 can be realized correspondingly fit.
  • each first arc-shaped part 13 is symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the wound cell 3, and the positions of the sub-arc parts of two adjacent first arc-shaped parts 13 are in one-to-one correspondence.
  • One-to-one correspondence means that when viewed from above, the sub-arc portion in the uppermost first arc-shaped portion 13 completely shields the remaining sub-arc portions of the first arc-shaped portion 13.
  • a plurality of first arc-shaped portions 13 may be spirally wound on the first surrounding wall 12 along the axial direction of the first surrounding wall 12.
  • the plurality of second arc-shaped portions 23 along the second surrounding wall 22 The axis direction is spirally wound on the second surrounding wall 22.
  • the spirally wound structure allows the cap 2 to be screwed on the bottom shell 1, which not only makes the sealing stronger, but also can be installed in a spiral manner to reduce the wear on the sealing element 4, and effectively extend the service life of the sealing element 4.
  • the first arc-shaped portion 13 is formed by stamping or rolling of the first surrounding wall 12
  • the second arc-shaped portion 23 is formed by stamping or rolling of the second surrounding wall 22.
  • Stamping or roll forming the arc-shaped part can not only reduce the manufacturing difficulty, but also form a corresponding groove on the protruding back side of the arc-shaped part, and use this groove to accommodate the arc-shaped part that is attached to it to achieve a tight fit.
  • all the first arc-shaped portions 13 are protruding toward the center of the first surrounding wall 12, and all the second arc-shaped portions 23 are facing toward the center of the second surrounding wall 22.
  • the center protrudes.
  • all the first arc-shaped parts 13 are arranged to protrude away from the center of the first surrounding wall 12, and all the second arc-shaped parts 23 are facing away from the second surrounding wall.
  • the center of 22 protrudes.
  • the projection directions of the two adjacent first arc-shaped portions 13 on the first surrounding wall 12 are opposite, and a plurality of first arc-shaped portions 13 are formed on the first surrounding wall 12
  • a first wave-shaped structure is formed on the upper side, and a plurality of second arc-shaped portions 23 on the second surrounding wall 22 form a second wave-shaped structure that matches the first wave-shaped structure.
  • the wave-shaped structure can make the first surrounding wall 12 and the second surrounding wall 22 fit more closely, and the sealing performance is better.
  • the hardness of the first surrounding wall 12 is set to be greater than the hardness of the second surrounding wall 22, and the first surrounding wall 12 has a higher hardness and can be used as a support.
  • the base body whether in the steps of assembling the seal 4, the cap 2 or sealing the cap 2, will not deform the first surrounding wall 12 (ie the bottom shell 1) or the deformation of the first surrounding wall 12 is much smaller than that of the first surrounding wall 12
  • the deformation of the two surrounding walls 22 ensures that the appearance and sealing of the wound bean battery will not fail.
  • a necking portion is formed at an end of the second surrounding wall 22 away from the top plate 21, and the end of the necking portion abuts against the outer wall of the first surrounding wall 12.
  • the arrangement of the necking part can effectively prevent the cover 2 from being separated from the bottom shell 1 and can further improve the sealing performance between the bottom shell 1 and the cover 2.
  • the end of the necking part is not limited to abut on the outer wall of the first surrounding wall 12, and the second surrounding wall 22 of the cap 2 can also be set to be long enough so that the cap 2 can extend to the bottom plate after being assembled on the bottom shell 1.
  • 11 is away from a side surface of the first surrounding wall 12, and then the necking part of the second surrounding wall 22 is necked, and the necking part abuts against the outer wall of the bottom plate 11 at this time.
  • the end of the second surrounding wall 22 may be directly pressed against the outer wall of the first surrounding wall 12 without forming a necking part, or as shown in FIG. 7, the end of the second surrounding wall 22 away from the top plate 21
  • the crimping process is performed to form a crimping structure 24, and the crimping structure 24 can also improve the tightness between the bottom shell 1 and the cap 2.
  • the sealing member 4 includes a sealing body 41 sandwiched between the first surrounding wall 12 and the second surrounding wall 22, and one end of the sealing body 41 close to the top plate 21 faces the sealing body 41
  • a first extension portion 42 extends from the center of the first extension portion 42.
  • a second extension portion 43 extends toward the bottom plate 11 at one end of the first extension portion 42 away from the sealing body 41.
  • the second extension portion 43 is attached to the inner wall of the first surrounding wall 12.
  • the sealing body 41 is sandwiched between the first surrounding wall 12 and the second surrounding wall 22. Since the two surrounding walls are provided with corresponding first arc-shaped parts 13 and second arc-shaped parts 23, the sealing body 41 is extruded to form a plurality of concave-convex structures. Due to the concave-convex structure on the sealing body 41, the sealing area can be increased, thereby improving the sealing effect. At the same time, the sealing body 41 of this structure has high air tightness and can effectively prevent leakage. The occurrence of liquid phenomenon.
  • the sealing member 4 can also be provided with a third arc part matching the first arc part 13 and the second arc part 23 in advance.
  • the sealing member 4 can be connected to the first arc part.
  • the surrounding wall 12 and the second surrounding wall 22 are more closely attached, and the sealing performance is better.
  • the third arc-shaped portion is provided on the sealing body 41.
  • first extension 42 and the second extension 43 can cooperate with the sealing body 41 to form a positioning structure for the sealing element 4.
  • the upper end of the first surrounding wall 12 is clamped on the second extension 43 and the sealing body. 41, and the first extension 42 abuts against the end surface of the upper end of the first surrounding wall 12 to realize the position positioning of the sealing member 4.
  • the length of the second extension part 43 in the vertical direction is smaller than the width of the single first arc-shaped part 13 or the second arc-shaped part 23 in the vertical direction, so that the size of the second extension part 43 in the first surrounding wall 12 is relatively small. Short, this can reduce material consumption, thereby reducing manufacturing costs, while also ensuring the basic positioning effect.
  • both the bottom shell 1 and the cap 2 are made of metal materials.
  • the bottom shell 1 and cap 2 made of metal materials have high hardness, which makes the whole shell of the wound bean battery a hard shell.
  • the hard shell structure can ensure that the appearance of the whole wound bean battery remains unchanged and is effective. Prevent deformation of the casing caused by gas in the battery.
  • the metal material here can be a single metal material or an alloy material.
  • the metal material is stainless steel.
  • the pole piece 34 of the wound cell 3 is divided into a positive electrode piece 341 and a negative electrode piece 342.
  • the shape of the positive electrode piece 341 and the negative electrode piece 342 are similar, and each The pole pieces 34 each include a current collector and an active material coated on the current collector.
  • the center position of the wound cell 3 is the position at the start end of the winding during the winding process, and the winding of the wound cell 3 takes this as the winding center, that is, the positive electrode sheet 341 is close to the wound cell 3
  • the position or central position of the winding center is provided with a positive lug 311, the negative sheet 342 is provided with a negative lug 312, a positive sheet 341, a negative sheet 342, and a separator near the winding center of the wound cell 3
  • the wound cell 3 is formed by winding from the end where the positive lug 311 and the negative lug 312 are provided.
  • the positive lug 311 and the negative lug 312 are respectively drawn from the two ends of the winding cell 3 in the axial direction. Specifically, the positive lug 311 is drawn from the upper end of the winding cell 3 and connected to the cap 2, and the negative lug 312 is drawn by the winding cell 3.
  • the lower end of the electric core 3 is led out and connected to the bottom case 1.
  • the positive lug 311 and the negative lug 312 are not limited to being drawn from the two ends of the winding cell 3 in the axial direction, and the positive lug 311 and the negative lug 312 can also be drawn from the same end in the axial direction of the winding cell 3. .
  • the current collector has an extension 32 that extends to the outside of the active material in the radial direction of the wound cell 3, the extension 32 is folded and partially overlapped, and the extension 32 and the pole piece 34 form an angle It is provided that the extension portion 32 forms a tab 31.
  • the tab 31 is directly formed after bending, eliminating the need for welding the tab 31, improving production efficiency, and reducing the winding cell 3
  • the integrally formed tab 31 and tab 34 have higher strength and are not easy to separate.
  • the overlapping position 321 of the extension portion 32 may be provided with a reinforcement 33.
  • the reinforcing member 33 can strengthen the strength of the folded overlapping position 321, effectively preventing the extension portion 32 from being broken after bending, and protecting the integrity of the tab 31, At the same time, the overall strength of the tab 31 is strengthened.
  • the bending angle of the extension portion 32 can be flexibly adjusted according to the requirements of the winding cell 3 during packaging. Specifically, the extension portion 32 is bent with the position connected to the end of the pole piece 34 as the fulcrum, and the first clip is bent. Angle ⁇ , where the first included angle ⁇ is 90°, this angle can facilitate the extension 32 to be drawn from the two ends of the wound cell 3, shorten the length of the tab 31, and reduce the manufacturing cost.
  • the bending angle of the extension portion 32 is not limited to 90°, and the first included angle ⁇ can also be set to 30°, 45°, 100°, 120°, etc. as required.
  • the reinforcing member 33 is wrapped with an adhesive tape outside the overlapping position 321 of the extension portion 32.
  • Setting the reinforcing member 33 as an adhesive tape can buffer the overlapping position 321 of the extension portion 32 after bending, which can reduce the stress of the extension portion 32 at the bending position to a certain extent, and effectively reduce the overlapping of the extension portion 32.
  • the break of the joint position 321 causes the tab 31 and the tab 34 to separate.
  • the structure of the overlapping position 321 of the extension part 32 is protected and shaped by tape to prevent the tab 31 from passing a long time. After the use of, the extension portion 32 deforms at the folded position 321 after bending, which affects the normal use of the wound cell 3.
  • multiple layers of adhesive tape may be wound at the overlapping position 321.
  • the reinforcing member 33 is a double-sided adhesive tape
  • the extension portion 32 is provided with a first overlapping surface and a second overlapping surface that are attached to each other at the overlapping position 321.
  • the double-sided adhesive tape It is arranged between the first overlapping surface and the second overlapping surface. The arrangement of the double-sided tape can effectively prevent the separation of the first overlapping surface and the second overlapping surface, so as to prevent the tab 31 from occupying the space between the bottom shell 1 and the cap 2.
  • extension portion 32 can be bent at the same position multiple times to increase the thickness of the overlapping position 321, thereby increasing the strength of the pole piece 34.
  • the current collectors of the tab 31 and the pole piece 34 can also be arranged in a separate structure, for example, the current collector is located at or adjacent to An empty foil area not coated with active material is provided at the center of the wound cell 3.
  • One end of the tab 31 is welded to the empty foil area, and the other end extends to the outside of the wound cell 3.
  • a separator 35 is provided between the positive electrode sheet 341 and the negative electrode sheet 342 of the wound cell 3, and the separator 35 has a shape extending along the axis of the wound cell 3 to the negative electrode sheet 342.
  • the isolation portions 351 at the two ends of the, the isolation portions 351 are used to isolate the tab 31 of the wound cell 3 and the end surface of the wound cell 3.
  • the arrangement of the isolation portion 351 can effectively prevent the tab 31 from making electrical contact with the two ends of the wound cell 3 in the vertical direction, and there is no need to additionally provide insulating spacers on the end surface of the wound cell 3, which reduces the winding
  • the difficulty and cost of the preparation of the bean-type battery improves the production efficiency, and at the same time, there is no need to change the preparation process and equipment of the existing battery, which is conducive to the large-scale production of the wound bean-type battery and has good insulation.
  • the length of the isolation portion 351 extending beyond the end surface of the wound cell 3 is not less than 0.75 mm. This design can ensure that the end surface of the wound cell 3 formed after the positive electrode sheet 341, the negative electrode sheet 342 and the separator 35 are wound has a sufficient length of the isolation portion 351 to isolate the tab 31 and ensure the insulation effect.
  • the current collector of the positive electrode tab 341 is aluminum foil and the current collector of the negative electrode tab 342 is copper foil
  • the material of the positive electrode tab 311 is aluminum foil
  • the material of the negative electrode tab 312 is copper foil.
  • both of them are softer than the conventional aluminum sheet (band) or nickel sheet (band) which is the material of the existing tabs, so that the spacer 351 is not easily damaged when it is attached to the end surface of the wound battery core 3. Ear 31 pierced.
  • a separator with high temperature resistance (130-150° C.) and/or high mechanical strength, such as an aramid separator, can be used.
  • the diameter-to-height ratio of the wound bean battery is ⁇ 1; preferably >1.
  • the aforementioned wound bean battery is a rechargeable bean battery.

Abstract

本文公开一种卷绕式豆式电池，包括底壳和盖帽，底壳与盖帽之间形成容纳卷绕式电芯的空间，卷绕式电芯的一极耳与盖帽连接，另一极耳与底壳连接，底壳包括底板和环设在底板的一侧面的第一围壁，盖帽包括顶板和环设在顶板一侧面的第二围壁，第二围壁套设在第一围壁外，第一围壁上沿其轴线方向设置有多个连续的第一弧形部，第二围壁上沿其轴线方向设置有多个与第一弧形部配合的第二弧形部，第一围壁与第二围壁之间夹设有密封件；卷绕式电芯的极片位于或邻近于卷绕式电芯的中心位置设置有极耳，极耳延伸至卷绕式电芯的外部。

Description

卷绕式豆式电池
本申请要求以下两项中国专利申请的优先权，分别是：第一项：申请日为：2019年12月13日，申请号为：201911284708.3；第二项：申请日为：2019年12月13日，申请号为：201922248843.4，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及电池技术领域，例如涉及一种卷绕式豆式电池。
背景技术
纽扣电池也称扣式电池，是指外形尺寸像一颗小纽扣的电池。纽扣电池一般包括底壳、盖帽和设置在二者构成的容纳腔内的电芯，由于纽扣电池的尺寸非常小，造成其密封难度非常大。纽扣电池的装配过程如下：将密封圈套设在底壳上，放置电芯等操作后，将盖帽盖设在底壳上进行密封处理。现有的纽扣电池虽然含有密封圈，但是其密封效果仍然一般，易导致电池漏液，影响纽扣电池的使用寿命，且在密封时，密封圈也容易发生破损，导致密封失效。
另外，目前常规的卷绕式电芯的极片都是位于整个卷绕式电芯的最外周，在纽扣电池使用时，卷绕式电芯会不断地收缩、膨胀，致使极片不断被拉扯，特别是极片受力最为脆弱的极耳点焊处的空箔材附近区域非常容易发生断裂现象。
发明内容
提供了一种卷绕式豆式电池，包括底壳和盖帽，所述底壳与所述盖帽之间形成容纳卷绕式电芯的空间，所述卷绕式电芯的一极耳与所述盖帽连接，另一 极耳与所述底壳连接，所述底壳包括底板和环设在所述底板的一侧面的第一围壁，所述盖帽包括顶板和环设在所述顶板一侧面的第二围壁，所述第二围壁套设在所述第一围壁外，所述第一围壁上沿其轴线方向设置有多个连续的第一弧形部，所述第二围壁上沿其轴线方向设置有多个与所述第一弧形部配合的第二弧形部，所述第一围壁与所述第二围壁之间夹设有密封件；
所述卷绕式电芯的极片位于或邻近于所述卷绕式电芯的中心位置设置有所述极耳，所述极耳延伸至所述卷绕式电芯的外部。
一实施例中，所述第一弧形部环形设置在所述第一围壁上，多个所述第一弧形部沿所述第一围壁的轴线方向平行；或，
多个所述第一弧形部沿所述第一围壁的轴线方向螺旋盘绕在所述第一围壁上；或，
所述第一弧形部包括沿所述第一围壁的周向环形间隔设置的多个子弧形部。
一实施例中，所述第一弧形部由所述第一围壁冲压或辊压形成，所述第二弧形部由所述第二围壁冲压或者辊压形成。
一实施例中，所有的所述第一弧形部均朝向所述第一围壁的中心凸出设置，所有的所述第二弧形部均朝向所述第二围壁的中心凸出设置；或，
所有的所述第一弧形部均朝向背离所述第一围壁的中心凸出设置，所有的所述第二弧形部均朝向背离所述第二围壁的中心凸出设置；或，
所述第一围壁上的相邻两个所述第一弧形部的凸设方向相反，多个所述第一弧形部在所述第一围壁上形成第一波浪形结构，所述第二围壁上的多个所述第二弧形部形成与所述第一波浪形结构相配合的第二波浪形结构。
一实施例中，所述第一围壁的硬度大于所述第二围壁的硬度。
一实施例中，所述第二围壁远离所述顶板的一端形成有缩口部，所述缩口部的端部抵紧在所述第一围壁的外壁或所述底板的外壁；或，
所述第二围壁远离所述顶板的一端与所述第一围壁的外壁抵紧；或，
所述第二围壁远离所述顶板的一端设置有卷边结构，所述卷边结构与所述第一围壁的外壁抵紧。
一实施例中，所述密封件包括夹设在所述第一围壁与所述第二围壁之间的密封本体，所述密封本体靠近所述顶板的一端朝向所述密封本体的中心延伸有第一延伸部，所述第一延伸部远离所述密封本体的一端朝向所述底板延伸有第二延伸部，所述第二延伸部贴紧在所述第一围壁的内壁。
一实施例中，所述底壳和所述盖帽均采用金属材料制成。
一实施例中，所述极片包括集流体和涂覆在所述集流体上的活性物质，所述集流体具有沿所述卷绕式电芯的径向方向延伸至所述活性物质外的延伸部，所述延伸部弯折后部分叠合，所述延伸部与所述极片呈夹角设置，所述延伸部弯折形成所述极耳；或，
所述集流体位于或邻近于所述卷绕式电芯的中心位置设置有未涂覆所述活性物质的空箔区，所述极耳一端与所述空箔区焊接，另一端延伸至所述卷绕式电芯的外部。
一实施例中，所述卷绕式电芯包括正极片、负极片以及设置在所述正极片与所述负极片之间的隔膜，所述隔膜具有沿所述卷绕式电芯的轴线方向延伸至所述负极片的两端的隔离部，所述隔离部用于隔离所述卷绕式电芯的极耳与所述卷绕式电芯的端面。
本申请实施例提供的卷绕式豆式电池通过在第一围壁和第二围壁上设置有对应的弧形部，弧形部的设置可以将密封件压紧在第一围壁和第二围壁之间， 显著提升了底壳和盖帽之间的密封性，且弧形部的设置还可以对密封件进行保护，防止密封件在盖帽封边时发生破损，延长密封件的使用寿命，同时也保证底壳和盖帽之间的密封不失效；通过将极耳由卷绕式电芯的中心位置或邻近于中心位置引出至卷绕式电芯的外部，可有效地减小卷绕式电芯的变形对极片的拉扯作用力，使极片不易断裂，延长极片的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为一实施例提供的一种卷绕式豆式电池的剖面示意图。
图2为图1的分解示意图。
图3为一实施例提供的另一种卷绕式豆式电池的剖面示意图。
图4为图3的分解示意图。
图5为一实施例提供的又一种卷绕式豆式电池的剖面示意图。
图6为图5的分解示意图。
图7为一实施例提供的再一种卷绕式豆式电池的剖面示意图。
图8为一实施例提供的另一种卷绕式豆式电池的剖面示意图。
图9为一实施例提供的一种卷绕式豆式电池的极片与极耳的结构示意图。
图10为一实施例提供的另一种卷绕式豆式电池的极片与极耳的结构示意图。
图中：
1、底壳；11、底板；12、第一围壁；13、第一弧形部；
2、盖帽；21、顶板；22、第二围壁；23、第二弧形部；24、卷边结构；
3、卷绕式电芯；31、极耳；311、正极耳；312、负极耳；32、延伸部；321、叠合位置；33、加强件；34、极片；341、正极片；342、负极片；35、隔膜； 351、隔离部；
4、密封件；41、密封本体；42、第一延伸部；43、第二延伸部。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本文的技术方案作进一步的详细描述。
参照图1至图6所示，本公开的卷绕式豆式电池包括底壳1和盖帽2，底壳1与盖帽2之间形成容纳卷绕式电芯3的空间，卷绕式电芯3的一极耳31与盖帽2连接，另一极耳31与底壳1连接，底壳1包括底板11和环设在底板11的一侧面的第一围壁12，盖帽2包括顶板21和环设在顶板21一侧面的第二围壁22，第二围壁22套设在第一围壁12外，第一围壁12上沿其轴线方向设置有多个连续的第一弧形部13，第二围壁22上沿其轴线方向设置有多个与第一弧形部13配合的第二弧形部23，第一围壁12与第二围壁22之间夹设有密封件4；卷绕式电芯3的极片34位于或邻近于卷绕式电芯3的中心位置设置有极耳31，极耳31延伸至卷绕式电芯3的外部。通过在第一围壁12和第二围壁22上设置有对应的弧形部，弧形部的设置可以将密封件4压紧在第一围壁12和第二围壁22之间，且可以在有限的空间内(豆式电池的尺寸较小，例如：直径为10mm-13mm，高为3mm-6mm)利用凸出设置的弧形部形成较长的密封加强区域，有效地提升了底壳1和盖帽2之间的密封性，且弧形部与密封件4的接触位置为圆弧面，可以有效地防止密封件4与尖锐的部位进行接触，进而防止密封件4在盖帽2封边时发生破损，延长密封件4的使用寿命，同时也保证底壳1和盖帽2之间的密封不失效；通过将极耳31由卷绕式电芯3的中心位置或邻近于中心位置引出至卷绕式电芯3的外部，可有效地减小卷绕式电芯3的变形对极片31的拉扯作用力，使极片31不易断裂，延长极片31的使用寿命。
卷绕式电芯3可以为圆柱形、方柱形、椭圆柱形等形状。
一实施例中，如图1和图2所示，第一弧形部13环形设置在第一围壁12上，对应地，第二弧形部23也是环形设置在第二围壁22上，环形设置的弧形部不仅可以保证较好的密封效果，有效防止漏液，同时还可以降低制造难度，提升生产效率，另外，此结构的弧形部沿第一围壁12或第二围壁22一周无间隔，进一步增强密封效果。
一实施例中，不限于将弧形部设置为整体的环形结构，还可以将每个弧形部设置为环形间隔的结构，第一弧形部13包括沿第一围壁12的周向环形间隔设置的多个子弧形部，相邻两个第一弧形部13的子弧形部位置一一对应，对应地，第二弧形部23也包括沿第二围壁22的周向环形间隔设置的多个子弧形部，相邻两个第二弧形部23的子弧形部的位置一一对应，以使第一弧形部13和第二弧形部23的位置能够对应实现贴合。
每个第一弧形部13的子弧形部的沿卷绕式电芯3的中心轴线对称设置，相邻两个第一弧形部13的子弧形部位置一一对应。
一一对应设置的意思是：俯视角度下，最上面的第一弧形部13中的子弧形部将其余的第一弧形部13的子弧形部全部遮挡。另外，还可以将多个第一弧形部13沿第一围壁12的轴线方向螺旋盘绕在第一围壁12上，对应地，多个第二弧形部23沿第二围壁22的轴线方向螺旋盘绕在第二围壁22上。螺旋盘绕的结构可以使盖帽2旋接在底壳1上，不仅使密封性更强，还可以利用螺旋方式安装降低对密封件4的磨损，有效地延长密封件4的使用寿命。
一实施例中，第一弧形部13由第一围壁12冲压或辊压形成，第二弧形部23由第二围壁22冲压或者辊压形成。冲压或者辊压成型弧形部，不仅可以降低制造难度，在弧形部凸设的背侧形成对应的凹槽，利用此凹槽容纳与其贴合的 弧形部，实现紧密配合。
一实施例中，如图1和2所示，所有的第一弧形部13均朝向第一围壁12的中心凸出设置，所有的第二弧形部23均朝向第二围壁22的中心凸出设置。
一实施例中，如图3和4所示，所有的第一弧形部13均朝向背离第一围壁12的中心凸出设置，所有的第二弧形部23均朝向背离第二围壁22的中心凸出设置。
一实施例中，如图5和6所示，第一围壁12上的相邻两个第一弧形部13的凸设方向相反，多个第一弧形部13在第一围壁12上形成第一波浪形结构，第二围壁22上的多个第二弧形部23形成与第一波浪形结构相配合的第二波浪形结构。波浪形结构可以使第一围壁12和第二围壁22的贴合更加紧密，密封性更好。
为了保证卷绕式豆式电池在组装和封边时不发生变形，将第一围壁12的硬度设置为大于第二围壁22的硬度，第一围壁12的硬度较大，可以作为支撑基体，不论是在装配密封件4、盖帽2还是对盖帽2进行密封等步骤，都不会使第一围壁12(即底壳1)发生变形或第一围壁12的形变量远小于第二围壁22的形变量，保证卷绕式豆式电池的外观形态和密封不失效。
一实施例中，第二围壁22远离顶板21的一端形成有缩口部，缩口部的端部抵紧在第一围壁12的外壁。缩口部的设置可以有效防止盖帽2脱离底壳1，并可以进一步提升底壳1和盖帽2之间的密封性。
当然，缩口部的端部不限于抵接在第一围壁12的外壁，还可以将盖帽2的第二围壁22设置得足够长，使得盖帽2装配到底壳1上后可以延伸到底板11背离第一围壁12的一侧面，然后对第二围壁22的缩口部进行缩口，此时缩口部抵紧在底板11的外壁。
另外，还可以不形成缩口部，直接将第二围壁22的端部抵紧在第一围壁12的外壁，或者如图7所示，对第二围壁22远离顶板21的端部进行卷边处理，形成卷边结构24，卷边结构24也能提升底壳1和盖帽2之间的密封性。
一实施例中，如图1至6所示，密封件4包括夹设在第一围壁12与第二围壁22之间的密封本体41，密封本体41靠近顶板21的一端朝向密封本体41的中心延伸有第一延伸部42，第一延伸部42远离密封本体41的一端朝向底板11延伸有第二延伸部43，第二延伸部43贴紧在第一围壁12的内壁。密封本体41被夹设在第一围壁12和第二围壁22之间，由于这两个围壁上设置有相对应的第一弧形部13和第二弧形部23，使得密封本体41被挤压形成多个凹凸结构，由于密封本体41上存在有凹凸结构，可以使密封的面积增大，进而提升密封效果，同时此结构的密封本体41的气密性高，可有效防止漏液现象的发生。
当然还可以在密封件4上预先设置有与第一弧形部13和第二弧形部23相配合的第三弧形部，通过设置第三弧形部，可以使密封件4与第一围壁12和第二围壁22贴合更加紧密，密封性较好。
在本实施例中，第三弧形部设置在密封本体41上。
另外，第一延伸部42和第二延伸部43可以配合密封本体41形成一个对密封件4的定位结构，在安装时，第一围壁12的上端卡设在第二延伸部43和密封本体41之间，而第一延伸部42则抵紧在第一围壁12的上端的端面，实现对密封件4的位置定位。
第二延伸部43的沿竖直方向的长度小于单个第一弧形部13或第二弧形部23沿竖直方向的宽度，使得第二延伸部43位于第一围壁12内的尺寸较短，这样可以降低材料的消耗，进而降低制造成本，同时也能保证基本的定位效果。
一实施例中，底壳1和盖帽2均采用金属材料制成。金属材料制成的底壳1 和盖帽2的硬度高，使得卷绕式豆式电池的整个外壳为硬壳，硬壳结构可以保证整个卷绕式豆式电池的外观形态不变，还能有效防止因电池内胀气而引起的外壳变形的情况。
此处的金属材料可以为单一的金属材料，也可以为合金材料。
在本实施例中，金属材料为不锈钢。
一实施例中，如图1、图9和图10所示，卷绕式电芯3的极片34分为正极片341和负极片342，正极片341和负极片342的形状类似，每个极片34均包括集流体和涂覆在集流体上的活性物质。卷绕式电芯3的中心位置为卷绕过程中位于卷绕起始端的位置，卷绕式电芯3的卷绕以此为卷绕中心，即正极片341上靠近卷绕式电芯3的卷绕中心的位置或中心位置设置有正极耳311，负极片342上靠近卷绕式电芯3的卷绕中心的位置或中心位置设置有负极耳312，正极片341、负极片342和隔膜35叠设后，从设置有正极耳311和负极耳312的一端开始卷绕形成此卷绕式电芯3。正极耳311和负极耳312分别由卷绕式电芯3的轴线方向的两端引出，具体地，正极耳311由卷绕式电芯3的上端引出与盖帽2连接，负极耳312由卷绕式电芯3的下端引出与底壳1连接。
当然，正极耳311和负极耳312不限于从卷绕式电芯3的轴线方向的两端引出，也可以将正极耳311和负极耳312从卷绕式电芯3的轴线方向的同一端引出。
在本实施例中，集流体具有沿卷绕式电芯3的径向方向延伸至活性物质外的延伸部32，延伸部32弯折后部分叠合，延伸部32与极片34呈夹角设置，延伸部32形成极耳31。通过将极片34的集流体的延伸部32延伸至活性物质的外部弯折后直接形成极耳31，省去了极耳31焊接的工序，提升了生产效率，降低了卷绕式电芯3的内阻，同时一体成型的极耳31和极片34强度更高，不易脱 离。
延伸部32的叠合位置321可以设置有加强件33。通过在延伸部32的叠合位置321设置额外的加强件33，加强件33可以加强折弯叠合位置321的强度，有效防止延伸部32折弯后被折断，保护极耳31的完整性，同时也加强了极耳31的整体强度。
延伸部32折弯的角度大小根据卷绕式电芯3在封装时的要求灵活调整，具体地，延伸部32以与极片34的端部连接的位置为支点弯折，弯折第一夹角α，其中第一夹角α为90°，此角度可以使延伸部32便于从卷绕式电芯3的两端引出，缩短极耳31的长度，降低了制造成本。当然，延伸部32的折弯角度不限于为90°，还可以根据需要将第一夹角α设置为30°、45°、100°或者120°等等。
一实施例中，如图9所示，加强件33包裹在延伸部32的叠合位置321的外部的胶带。将加强件33设置为胶带，一方面可以对延伸部32在弯折后的叠合位置321进行缓冲，可在一定程度上减缓延伸部32在弯折处的应力，有效减少延伸部32在叠合位置321的断裂而导致极耳31与极片34分离的现象，另一方面，利用胶带对延伸部32的叠合位置321的结构起到保护及定型的作用，防止极耳31经过长时间的使用后，延伸部32在弯折后的叠合位置321发生变形而影响卷绕式电芯3的正常使用。为了进一步增强胶带对延伸部32的保护作用，可以在叠合位置321缠绕多层胶带。
一实施例中，如图10所示，加强件33为双面胶，延伸部32上并位于叠合位置321设置有相贴合的第一叠合面和第二叠合面，双面胶设置在第一叠合面和第二叠合面之间。双面胶的设置可以有效防止第一叠合面和第二叠合面分离，以避免极耳31占用底壳1和盖帽2之间的空间。
另外，延伸部32可以在同一位置弯折多次，增加叠合位置321的厚度，进而提升极片34的强度。
一实施例中，不限于采用极耳31与极片34的集流体为一体的结构，还可以将极耳31与极片34的集流体设置为分体的结构，比如，集流体位于或邻近于卷绕式电芯3的中心位置设置有未涂覆活性物质的空箔区，极耳31一端与空箔区焊接，另一端延伸至卷绕式电芯3的外部。
一实施例中，如图8所示，卷绕式电芯3的正极片341和负极片342之间设置有隔膜35，隔膜35具有沿卷绕式电芯3的轴线方向延伸至负极片342的两端的隔离部351，隔离部351用于隔离卷绕式电芯3的极耳31与卷绕式电芯3的端面。隔离部351的设置可以有效防止极耳31与卷绕式电芯3的竖直方向的两端发生电接触，无需额外在卷绕式电芯3的端面上设置绝缘垫片，降低了卷绕式豆式电池的制备难度和成本，提升了生产效率，同时无需改变现有电池的制备工艺和设备，有利于卷绕式豆式电池的大规模生产，且绝缘性良好。
在本实施例中，隔离部351延伸出卷绕式电芯3的端面的长度不小于0.75mm。此设计可以保证正极片341、负极片342和隔膜35卷绕后形成的卷绕式电芯3的端面有足够长度的隔离部351，以对极耳31进行绝缘隔离，保证绝缘效果。
另外，一般地，由于正极片341的集流体为铝箔，而负极片342的集流体为铜箔，因此正极耳311的材质为铝箔，负极耳312的材质为铜箔。对于铝箔和铜箔，二者均比现有的极耳的材质铝片(带)或镍片(带)软，使得隔离部351在贴合到卷绕式电芯3的端面时不易被极耳31刺破。
为了进一步提高卷绕式豆式电池的安全性，可以使用具有耐高温(130-150℃)特性和/或具有高机械强度的隔膜，例如：芳纶隔膜。
上述卷绕式豆式电池的直径高度比≥1；优选＞1。
上述卷绕式豆式电池为可充电豆式电池。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种卷绕式豆式电池，包括底壳和盖帽，所述底壳与所述盖帽之间形成容纳卷绕式电芯的空间，所述卷绕式电芯的一极耳与所述盖帽连接，另一极耳与所述底壳连接，其特征在于，所述底壳包括底板和环设在所述底板的一侧面的第一围壁，所述盖帽包括顶板和环设在所述顶板一侧面的第二围壁，所述第二围壁套设在所述第一围壁外，所述第一围壁上沿其轴线方向设置有多个连续的第一弧形部，所述第二围壁上沿其轴线方向设置有多个与所述第一弧形部配合的第二弧形部，所述第一围壁与所述第二围壁之间夹设有密封件；
    所述卷绕式电芯的极片位于或邻近于所述卷绕式电芯的中心位置设置有所述极耳，所述极耳延伸至所述卷绕式电芯的外部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的卷绕式豆式电池，其特征在于，所述第一弧形部环形设置在所述第一围壁上，多个所述第一弧形部沿所述第一围壁的轴线方向平行；或，
    多个所述第一弧形部沿所述第一围壁的轴线方向螺旋盘绕在所述第一围壁上；或，
    所述第一弧形部包括沿所述第一围壁的周向环形间隔设置的多个子弧形部。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的卷绕式豆式电池，其特征在于，所述第一弧形部由所述第一围壁冲压或辊压形成，所述第二弧形部由所述第二围壁冲压或者辊压形成。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的卷绕式豆式电池，其特征在于，所有的所述第一弧形部均朝向所述第一围壁的中心凸出设置，所有的所述第二弧形部均朝向所述第二围壁的中心凸出设置；或，
    所有的所述第一弧形部均朝向背离所述第一围壁的中心凸出设置，所有的 所述第二弧形部均朝向背离所述第二围壁的中心凸出设置；或，
    所述第一围壁上的相邻两个所述第一弧形部的凸设方向相反，多个所述第一弧形部在所述第一围壁上形成第一波浪形结构，所述第二围壁上的多个所述第二弧形部形成与所述第一波浪形结构相配合的第二波浪形结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的卷绕式豆式电池，其特征在于，所述第一围壁的硬度大于所述第二围壁的硬度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的卷绕式豆式电池，其特征在于，所述第二围壁远离所述顶板的一端形成有缩口部，所述缩口部的端部抵紧在所述第一围壁的外壁或所述底板的外壁；或，
    所述第二围壁远离所述顶板的一端与所述第一围壁的外壁抵紧；或，
    所述第二围壁远离所述顶板的一端设置有卷边结构，所述卷边结构与所述第一围壁的外壁抵紧。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的卷绕式豆式电池，其特征在于，所述密封件包括夹设在所述第一围壁与所述第二围壁之间的密封本体，所述密封本体靠近所述顶板的一端朝向所述密封本体的中心延伸有第一延伸部，所述第一延伸部远离所述密封本体的一端朝向所述底板延伸有第二延伸部，所述第二延伸部贴紧在所述第一围壁的内壁。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的卷绕式豆式电池，其特征在于，所述底壳和所述盖帽均采用金属材料制成。
  9. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的卷绕式豆式电池，其特征在于，所述极片包括集流体和涂覆在所述集流体上的活性物质，所述集流体具有沿所述卷绕式电芯的径向方向延伸至所述活性物质外的延伸部，所述延伸部弯折后部分叠合，所述延伸部与所述极片呈夹角设置，所述延伸部弯折形成所述极耳；或，
    所述集流体位于或邻近于所述卷绕式电芯的中心位置设置有未涂覆所述活性物质的空箔区，所述极耳一端与所述空箔区焊接，另一端延伸至所述卷绕式电芯的外部。
  10. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的卷绕式豆式电池，其特征在于，所述卷绕式电芯包括正极片、负极片以及设置在所述正极片与所述负极片之间的隔膜，所述隔膜具有沿所述卷绕式电芯的轴线方向延伸至所述负极片的两端的隔离部，所述隔离部用于隔离所述卷绕式电芯的极耳与所述卷绕式电芯的端面。
PCT/CN2019/125995 2019-12-13 2019-12-17 卷绕式豆式电池 WO2021114323A1 (zh)

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