WO2021103867A1 - 电池包和电动车 - Google Patents

电池包和电动车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021103867A1
WO2021103867A1 PCT/CN2020/122882 CN2020122882W WO2021103867A1 WO 2021103867 A1 WO2021103867 A1 WO 2021103867A1 CN 2020122882 W CN2020122882 W CN 2020122882W WO 2021103867 A1 WO2021103867 A1 WO 2021103867A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
side frame
battery pack
pack according
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/122882
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何龙
孙华军
鲁志佩
万龙
朱燕
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to US17/780,892 priority Critical patent/US20230023909A1/en
Priority to JP2022531447A priority patent/JP2023503506A/ja
Priority to EP20893130.3A priority patent/EP4056408A4/en
Priority to KR1020227017471A priority patent/KR20220087529A/ko
Publication of WO2021103867A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021103867A1/zh
Priority to JP2024061252A priority patent/JP2024095749A/ja

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/236—Hardness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438—Arrangement under the floor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H01M50/26—Assemblies sealed to each other in a non-detachable manner
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a battery pack and an electric vehicle.
  • the battery pack includes a tray and a sealing cover.
  • the battery module is located in a receiving cavity defined by the tray and the sealing cover.
  • the tray includes a tray bottom plate and edge beams connected around the bottom plate.
  • the tray is equipped with There are reinforced beams and/or longitudinal beams, and the battery modules are fixed on the beams and/or longitudinal beams by screws or other structural parts. Since the batteries and structural parts inside the battery pack are scattered, and then assembled together by fasteners or bonding technology, this kind of battery pack comes from the system level, and its integrity is not high.
  • a battery pack in the first aspect of the present application, includes a battery array, the battery array includes a plurality of single cells, and the single cells
  • the battery includes a length L, a thickness D, and a height H between the length L and the thickness D; the plurality of single cells are arranged along the thickness direction and the single cells are bonded by structural glue; Two first reinforcing plates, the two first reinforcing plates are arranged oppositely and are adhered to the two surfaces of the battery array along the arrangement direction of the single cells, so as to restrict the relative relationship between the single cells position.
  • the two first reinforcing plates are respectively adhered to two opposite surfaces of the single battery in the height direction.
  • At least one of the single cells satisfies: 600mm ⁇ L ⁇ 2500mm, and 10 ⁇ L/D ⁇ 208.
  • the battery pack includes a multi-layer battery array arranged along the height direction of the single battery, a separator is provided between two adjacent battery arrays, and the separator is connected to the The battery arrays on both sides of the partition are fixed and pasted.
  • a second reinforcement plate is provided between at least two adjacent single cells, and the second reinforcement plate is fixed to the single cells located on both sides of the second reinforcement plate. Paste.
  • the battery pack further includes an upper cover and a tray.
  • the tray includes a bottom plate and side frames surrounding the bottom plate.
  • the upper cover and the tray are connected to define a battery.
  • a containing cavity, and the battery array is located in the battery containing cavity.
  • the two first reinforcing plates respectively constitute the upper cover and the bottom plate.
  • the battery pack further includes a protective plate, and the protective plate is located on the outer surface of the bottom plate.
  • the protective plate includes two layers of aluminum plates and a steel plate or foamed aluminum plate sandwiched between the two layers of aluminum plates;
  • the protective plate includes two fiber composite layers and a foamed polymer layer sandwiched between the two fiber composite layers, and the fiber composite layer includes a glass fiber layer or a carbon fiber layer.
  • the outer surfaces of the two first reinforcing plates are respectively adhered to the inner surface of the upper cover and the inner surface of the bottom plate.
  • At least one of the bottom plate and the upper cover includes two layers of aluminum plates and a steel plate or foamed aluminum plate sandwiched between the two layers of aluminum plates;
  • At least one of the bottom plate and the upper cover includes two fiber composite layers and a foamed polymer layer sandwiched between the two fiber composite layers; the fiber composite layer includes a glass fiber layer Or carbon fiber layer.
  • the corresponding position of the upper cover and the side frame is provided with a sealing groove, and the sealing groove is provided with a sealant layer; the upper cover and the tray pass through the sealant Layer sealing connection.
  • the gap between the battery array and the side frame is filled with structural glue.
  • the single battery includes a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other along the length direction
  • the side frame includes a first side frame and a first side frame disposed opposite to each other along the length direction of the single battery.
  • the second side frame, the first end of the single battery is supported on the first side frame, and the second end of the single battery is supported on the second side frame.
  • the first side frame is provided with a first supporting step
  • the second side frame is provided with a second supporting step; the first end of the single battery is supported on the first On the supporting step, the second end of the single battery is supported on the second supporting step.
  • the battery pack further includes a support structure, between the first end of the single battery and the first side frame and/or the second end of the single battery and the support structure.
  • the second side frames are cooperatively supported by the supporting structure.
  • the support structure includes a first support block, and the lower surface of the first end of the single cell is supported on the first side frame through the first support block, and/ Or, the lower surface of the second end of the single battery is supported on the second side frame through the first support block 106.
  • the support structure includes a second support block; the first end of the single cell faces the side surface of the first side frame through the second support block and the first support block.
  • the side frame is matched; and the second end includes a lower surface facing the lower panel and; and/or, the second end of the single battery faces the side surface of the second side frame through the second support block and The second side frame is matched.
  • the single battery includes electrode terminals, and the electrode terminals are respectively provided at the first end and the second end of the single battery; the supporting structure is provided with a plurality of openings. The electrode terminals of the single battery pass through the opening and are electrically connected by the battery connecting piece.
  • the battery pack further includes an insulating separator located between the support structure and the inner surface of the side frame.
  • the battery pack further includes a third side frame and a fourth side frame that are arranged opposite to each other along the arrangement direction of the single cells, and the third side frame and the fourth side frame are respectively adjacent to the adjacent ones.
  • the single battery is pasted and fixed.
  • a reinforcing beam is provided on the third side frame and/the fourth side frame, and the reinforcing beam is used to limit the expansion of the battery array.
  • the thickness of the first reinforcing plate is 1 to 3 mm.
  • an electric vehicle including the battery pack described in any one of the above.
  • the present application has the beneficial effects that: the present application provides two first reinforcement plates on two opposite surfaces of the battery array along the arrangement direction of the single cells, and the two first reinforcement plates are used to constrain the single cells.
  • the relative position between the single cells eliminates the weak points that exist in the gap between the two adjacent single cells when the single cells are bonded to each other, and the two first reinforcing plates and the battery array form a similar honeycomb structure, thereby
  • the battery pack is designed as a whole structure with great rigidity.
  • This type of honeycomb structure has strong resistance to instability, high bending rigidity, and obvious weight reduction effect.
  • the rigidity and strength of the battery pack are greatly improved, and the mechanical safety and reliability are improved. .
  • the structural strength of the integral battery pack is taken as part of the structural strength of the entire vehicle.
  • the battery pack can be used to enhance the structural strength of the entire vehicle without the need for the entire vehicle to protect the battery pack.
  • This design can simplify or even cancel the frame of the entire vehicle.
  • the design structure of the structural strength protection of the battery pack realizes the design requirements of the lightweight of the whole vehicle, reduces the design and manufacturing cost of the whole vehicle, and improves the production efficiency of the whole vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of bonding a first reinforcing plate to a battery array provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery pack provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery array provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery array provided in the present application located inside the tray;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the battery array adhered to the tray and the upper cover provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery array provided by the present application in cooperation with the side frame of the tray;
  • Figure 7 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the first supporting structure provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a second supporting structure provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is an exploded view of the second supporting structure, battery connecting piece and insulating end cover provided by the present application;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first reinforcing plate provided by the present application adhered to the bottom plate of the tray;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a protective plate provided on the outer surface of the bottom plate provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a second reinforcing plate provided in the battery array provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single battery provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the battery pack provided by the present application.
  • the first support block 106 The first support block 106;
  • the present application provides a battery pack 100, including a battery array 101, the battery array 101 includes a plurality of single cells 102, the single cells 102 include a length L, a thickness D, and the length L and The height H between the thickness D; a plurality of single cells 102 are arranged in the thickness direction and the single cells 102 are bonded by structural glue 1011; two first reinforcing plates 104 and two first reinforcing plates 104 are arranged oppositely and along the single The arrangement direction of the battery cells 102 is adhered to the two surfaces of the battery array 101 to constrain the relative positions of the single cells 102.
  • a plurality of single cells 102 are first assembled into a battery module, and the plurality of battery modules are assembled into a battery pack 100 through fasteners or structural glue.
  • the batteries and structures in the battery pack 100 are relatively scattered and tight.
  • weak points are first destroyed due to external forces, and the fastening effect of the fasteners and glue is lost, and the entire battery pack 100 will also be quickly destroyed.
  • the strength of the battery pack 100 casing is increased to make it resistant to external impact.
  • either higher-strength steel or a thicker tray 103 bottom plate is used. 1035 or the tray 103 is arranged in a multi-layer structure with a cavity, and ribs are arranged in the cavity structure, but no matter which implementation method is adopted, the weight of the entire battery pack 100 will increase or the battery pack 100 will have a limited space for use. Decrease, the energy density of the battery pack 100 decreases.
  • the single cells 102 are bonded to form a battery array 101, and the first reinforcing plate 104 and the two first reinforcing plates 104 are bonded on two opposite surfaces of the battery array 101 along the arrangement direction of the single batteries 102. It is used to constrain the relative positions of the multiple single batteries 102, and can connect the multiple single batteries 102 into a whole structure, which can eliminate the weak points due to the gaps between the single batteries 102, so that the battery
  • the bag 100 is designed as a structural member with great rigidity.
  • the two first reinforcing plates 104 and the battery array 101 located between the two first reinforcing plates 104 constitute a honeycomb-like structure.
  • the honeycomb structure can obtain the maximum force with the least amount of material.
  • the first reinforcing plate 104 and the battery array 101 deform in coordination.
  • the rigidity and strength of the battery pack 100 are greatly improved, and the mechanical safety and reliability are improved.
  • the single battery 102 is a rectangular battery with a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and includes two first surfaces opposite in the thickness direction, and two second surfaces opposite in the height direction and opposite in the length direction. Of the two third surfaces, the area of the first surface is greater than the area of the second surface and the area of the first surface is greater than the area of the third surface.
  • the single cells 102 are arranged in the thickness direction, and the single cells 102 are fixed and bonded by structural glue, that is, the first surfaces of the single cells 102 are bonded to each other; in other words, the single cells 102 are The large surfaces are arranged and bonded in a large surface manner, thereby increasing the bonding area of the single cells 102 and increasing the bonding force between the single cells 102.
  • the single battery 102 and the single battery 102 are prone to misalignment and movement.
  • the two first reinforcement plates 104 are adhered to the two battery arrays 101 along the arrangement direction of the single battery 102. On the opposite surface, it is convenient to restrict the relative position between the single cells 102.
  • the two first reinforcing plates 104 can be adhered to the two second surfaces of the single battery 102 or can be adhered to the two third surfaces of the single battery 102.
  • the two first reinforcing plates 104 are adhered to the second surface of the single battery 102.
  • both surfaces of all the single cells 102 along the arrangement direction may be bonded to the first reinforcing plate 104, or only part of the two surfaces of the single battery 102 along the arrangement direction are bonded to the first reinforcement plate 104.
  • the reinforcing plate 104 is directly bonded.
  • the two second surfaces or two third surfaces of a part of the battery may be bonded to the first reinforcing plate 104, and the two second surfaces or two third surfaces of the other part of the single battery 102 may be bonded.
  • the surface is bonded to the first reinforcing plate 104 but not to the first reinforcing plate 104.
  • the number of single cells 102 directly bonded to the two first reinforcing plates 104 is not less than half of the number of cells contained in the battery array 101.
  • the two second surfaces or the two third surfaces of the single cell 102 can be bonded to the two first reinforcing plates 104; or, the single One of the two second surfaces or the two third surfaces of the bulk battery 102 is bonded to the first reinforcing plate 104; the other is not bonded to the first reinforcing plate 104.
  • the entire area of the two second surfaces or the two third surfaces of the single cell 102 is all bonded to the first reinforcing plate 104, or part of the second surface or part of the third surface of the single cell 102 The surface is bonded to the first reinforcing plate 104.
  • the two second surfaces or the two third surfaces of all the single cells 102 in the battery array 101 are bonded to the first reinforcing plate 104, which can maximize the improvement.
  • the strength and rigidity of the battery pack 100 is preferable that the two second surfaces or the two third surfaces of all the single cells 102 in the battery array 101 are bonded to the first reinforcing plate 104, which can maximize the improvement.
  • the shape and area of the two first reinforcement plates 104 are not particularly limited, as long as the two first reinforcement plates 104 meet their own certain strength, the battery array 101 can be connected as a whole, and the battery array 101 can be increased. The requirements of structural strength and not easy to deform are sufficient.
  • the shape of the first reinforcement plate 104 is the same as the shape of the surface of the battery array 101 to which the first reinforcement plate 104 is bonded and is arranged correspondingly, thereby facilitating the first reinforcement plate 104 to be more easily attached to the battery array. 101 surface.
  • the area of the first reinforcing plate 104 and the area of the surface of the battery array 101 on which the first reinforcing plate 104 is bonded may be different.
  • the area of the first reinforcing plate 104 may be smaller than the area of the surface of the battery array 101 to which the first reinforcing plate 104 is bonded.
  • the at least one first reinforcing plate 104 is Type plate body, The "one” part of the shaped plate body is arranged in close contact with the second surface of the single battery 102 in the battery array 101, The “ ⁇ ” part of the battery array 101 is attached to the third surface of the single cell 102, or, The "one” part of the shaped plate body is arranged in close contact with the third surface of the single battery 102 in the battery array 101, The " ⁇ ” part of the battery array 101 is attached to the second surface of the unit cell 102 of the battery array 101.
  • the at least one first reinforcing plate 104 is a " ⁇ " type plate body, and the "one" part of the “ ⁇ ” type plate body is arranged in close contact with the second surface of the middle single cell 102 in the battery array 101 ,
  • the two “ ⁇ ” parts of the " ⁇ ” plate body are arranged in close contact with the third surface of the battery array 101 single cell 102, or the "one” part of the " ⁇ ” plate body and the single cell in the battery array 101
  • the third surface of the battery 102 is arranged in close contact with each other, and the two " ⁇ " parts of the " ⁇ ” plate body are arranged in close contact with the second surface of the single battery 102 in the battery array 101.
  • the strength and structural stability of the entire battery array 101 can be improved.
  • the first reinforcing plate 104 and the single cells 102 in the battery array 101 form a honeycomb-like structure.
  • the first reinforcing plate 104 and the single cells 102 in the battery array 101 deform in coordination.
  • the first reinforcing plate 104 is bent It will drive the single cell 102 to deform at the same time, which is equivalent to adding an additional bending moment on the first surface of the single cell 102, which leads to a decrease in the strength of the honeycomb structure.
  • the honeycomb structure As the thickness of the first reinforcing plate 104 increases, the honeycomb structure The strength has been improved, but there is a maximum value. This is because the increase in the thickness of the first reinforcement plate 104 improves the bending rigidity of the first reinforcement plate 104.
  • the thickness of the first reinforcement plate 104 increases to a certain extent .
  • the strength of the honeycomb structure will depend on the strength of the battery array 101.
  • the ultimate bearing capacity will be reached due to the instability and collapse of the first reinforcement plate 104, resulting in the loss of the bearing capacity of the entire honeycomb structure.
  • the first reinforcement plate 104 The thickness of the battery pack is too large, and it does not meet the light-weight requirements of the battery pack 100.
  • the inventors of the present application have found through many experiments that when the thickness of the first reinforcement plate 104 is 0.5-5 mm, preferably 1-3 mm, the first reinforcement plate 104 within the thickness range can achieve the optimal reinforcement effect of the honeycomb structure. In turn, the strength requirements of the battery pack 100 are met.
  • the first reinforcing plate 104 is made of metal material.
  • the first reinforcing plate 104 of metal material is used to protect the internal single cells 102 on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can achieve the effect of heat dissipation.
  • the first reinforcing plate 104 can be made of a metal material with high thermal conductivity, including But not limited to aluminum, copper and their alloys.
  • the first reinforcing plate 104 may be made of aluminum alloy material, which has good thermal conductivity and low density.
  • the length direction of the single cell 102 is defined as the Y direction extension
  • the height direction is defined as the Z direction
  • the thickness direction is defined as the X direction.
  • the single battery 102 is generally a rectangular parallelepiped structure. It can be understood that the single battery 102 can be a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a cube shape, or a partial shape, but it is roughly a rectangular parallelepiped shape or a cube shape; or, there are some gaps, protrusions, chamfers, It is curved and curved, but the overall shape is similar to a rectangular parallelepiped or a cube.
  • the single battery 102 satisfies: 600mm ⁇ L ⁇ 2500mm, and 10 ⁇ L/D ⁇ 208.
  • the single battery 102 has a longer length and a thinner thickness.
  • the single battery 102 can be regarded as a strong rigid part, which can better assume the role of a strengthening beam in the shell and reduce the reinforcement of the shell. In use, this not only helps reduce the weight of the entire battery pack 100, but also greatly simplifies the structure of the casing, thereby helping to improve the space utilization rate of the battery pack 100 and the energy density of the battery pack 100.
  • a multilayer battery array 101 is provided, and a separator is provided between two adjacent battery arrays 101.
  • the battery arrays 101 on both sides of the partition are fixed and pasted.
  • arranging separators between the two layers of battery arrays 101 can make the battery array 101 of each layer and the separators or panels on the upper and lower surfaces of the battery array 101 form multiple I-beam structures to form Similar to the honeycomb structure, the rigidity and strength of the battery pack 100 are greatly improved, and the mechanical safety and reliability are improved.
  • a second reinforcing plate 108 is provided between at least two adjacent single cells 102.
  • the arrangement of the second reinforcing plate 108 can better absorb the impact force received by the battery array 101 in the three-dimensional direction, and improve the mechanical strength of the entire battery array 101.
  • the second reinforcing plate 108 can be an aluminum plate or a steel plate.
  • the number of the second reinforcing plate 108 is not limited and can be one or more. When the number of the second reinforcing plate 108 is more than one, it can be A second reinforcement plate 108 is provided between every two adjacent single cells 102, or a second reinforcement plate 108 is provided between only part of the adjacent single cells 102.
  • the shape of the second reinforcing plate 108 can be substantially similar to the shape of the single cells 102, that is, it can be made into a "dummy cell”.
  • the "fake battery” can be understood as, from the appearance, it is exactly the same as the single battery 102, but there is no electrode assembly composed of positive electrode, negative electrode and diaphragm inside the "fake battery”. The "fake battery” is here. Only play a strengthening role.
  • the second reinforcing plate 108 is fixedly attached to the single cells 102 on both sides, thereby improving the overall structure of the entire battery pack 100.
  • the battery pack 100 further includes an upper cover 105 and a tray 103.
  • the tray 103 includes a bottom plate 1035 and side frames surrounding the bottom plate 1035.
  • the upper cover 105 and the tray 103 are connected to define The battery accommodating cavity, and the battery array 101 is located in the battery accommodating cavity.
  • the two first reinforcing plates 104 constitute the upper cover 105 and the bottom plate 1035 respectively.
  • the two surfaces of the battery array 101 are adhered to the upper cover 105 and the bottom plate 1035, respectively.
  • the surface of the battery array 101 facing the upper cover 105 is bonded to the upper cover 105, and the surface of the battery array 101 facing the bottom plate 1035 is bonded to the bottom plate 1035, so that the two opposite surfaces of the battery array 101 are bonded.
  • the gap between the component and the fastener further reduces the weak points in the battery pack 100 and improves the strength and rigidity of the entire battery pack 100.
  • one of the first reinforcing plate 104 is bonded to the inner surface of the upper cover 105 (not shown in the figure), and the other first reinforcing plate 104 is bonded to the inner surface of the bottom plate 1035 (as shown in the figure). 11).
  • the battery array 101 is indirectly bonded to the outer casing of the battery pack 100, which facilitates assembly and processing.
  • the upper cover 105 and/or the tray 103 may have a multi-layer composite structure, so that the battery pack 100 can better withstand the impact of the entire vehicle and improve the structural strength.
  • the bottom plate 1035 of the battery pack 100 can be designed with a sandwich composite material structure, which can withstand the structural strength of the entire battery module.
  • the bottom plate 1035 is designed with a composite plate structure, which integrates the support strength of the bottom of the battery and the bottom anti-rock and bump function.
  • the support strength function and liquid cooling function at the bottom of the battery can also be integrated.
  • the multilayer composite structure includes two layers of aluminum plates and a steel plate or foamed aluminum plate sandwiched between the two layers of aluminum plates; that is, the multilayer composite structure is aluminum plate/foamed aluminum plate/aluminum plate or The multilayer composite structure is aluminum plate/steel plate/aluminum plate.
  • the multilayer composite structure includes two fiber composite layers and a foamed material layer sandwiched between the two fiber composite layers.
  • the foamed material layer includes foamed polymer materials, such as polyurethane foam or phenolic foam.
  • the foamed material layer has low thermal conductivity and can play a good thermal insulation effect.
  • the density of the foamed material is low, and the sealing cover is made of steel plate or Compared with aluminum alloy, the battery pack 100 is lighter.
  • the fiber composite layer includes a glass fiber layer and/or a carbon fiber layer. That is, the multi-layer composite layer can be glass fiber layer/foamed material layer/glass fiber layer, carbon fiber layer/foamed material layer/carbon fiber layer, or glass fiber layer/foamed material layer/carbon fiber layer.
  • the cover 105 and/or the tray 103 are designed as a foam material layer and a fiber composite layer distributed on the inside and outside of the foam material layer.
  • the fiber layer has high tensile strength and elastic modulus, and can not only withstand the internal pressure of the battery pack 100 It is still not deformed when increased within a certain range, and can effectively isolate fire and heat, and improve the safety performance of the battery pack 100 under extreme conditions.
  • the structural strength of the integral battery pack 100 can be used as part of the structural strength of the entire vehicle.
  • the battery pack 100 can be used to enhance the structural strength of the entire vehicle, simplify the design structure of the entire vehicle frame to protect the structural strength of the battery pack 100, and realize the lightweight of the entire vehicle. Design requirements, reduce vehicle design and manufacturing costs, and improve vehicle production efficiency.
  • the bottom plate 1035 of the tray 103 is directly designed as a multi-layer composite structure, if the bottom plate 1035 of the tray 103 is damaged by external force, since the bottom plate 1035 and the single battery 102 are bonded together, the bottom plate 1035 can be replaced. Difficult and inconvenient to repair.
  • the bottom plate 1035 of the tray 103 is a single-layer aluminum plate, and the bottom plate 1035 of the tray 103
  • a protective plate 111 is provided on the outer surface, and the protective plate 111 is a multi-layer composite structure.
  • the protective bottom plate 1035 can effectively protect the power battery pack 100 from being directly damaged by stone hits and bumps at the bottom of the power battery pack 100.
  • the lightweight design structure meets the requirements of the bottom ball hitting collision and has good safety and reliability.
  • the bottom protective plate 111 composite material also has environmental reliability such as corrosion resistance and aging resistance; the bottom plate 1035 is structurally designed as a detachable, strong protective, and compact structure, which facilitates future after-sales maintenance and greatly reduces after-sales maintenance costs.
  • the protective plate 111 is a multi-layer composite structure consistent with the above description, and will not be repeated here.
  • the protective plate 111 and the battery pack 100 tray 103 frame can be designed with a variety of connection and fixing methods, such as riveting, automatic riveting, and bolted connection, etc., which can be freely disassembled, which is convenient for repair, maintenance and inspection.
  • the upper cover 105 has a sealing groove at the corresponding position of the side frame, and a sealant layer is provided in the sealing groove; the upper cover 105 and the tray 103 are connected in a sealed manner by the sealant layer.
  • the sealing groove may be provided only on the upper cover 105, or only on the side frame, or both the upper cover 105 and the side frame may be provided with sealing grooves.
  • the fixing of the upper cover 105 and the side frames can also be sealed and fixed in combination with rivets or bolts, so as to improve the sealing performance requirements and structural strength requirements of the entire battery pack 100.
  • the battery side frame beam and the upper cover 105 are sealed with a sealing groove for sealing.
  • the sealant sealing groove can be designed on the battery side frame or on the upper cover 105 to ensure the sealing and fixing between the side frame and the upper cover 105 .
  • Structural glue is filled between the battery array 101 and the inner surface of the side frame.
  • the gap between the battery array 101 and the side frame often becomes a weak point of stress, and the single cell 102 battery and the frame are bonded together by potting the structural glue to improve the strength.
  • the single battery 102 is substantially a rectangular parallelepiped, including a first end and a second end disposed oppositely along the length direction, and the side frame includes a side frame disposed oppositely along the length direction of the single battery 102
  • the first side frame 1031 and the second side frame 1032 of the single battery 102 are arranged between the first side frame 1031 and the second side frame 1032, and the first end of the single battery 102 is supported on the first side frame 1031, The second end of the single battery 102 is supported on the second side frame 1032.
  • the single battery 102 extends between the first side frame 1031 and the second side frame 1032.
  • the single battery 102 extends between the first side frame 1031 and the second side frame 1032. Both ends of the single battery 102 are supported on the first side frame 1031 and the second side frame 1032 respectively.
  • the single battery 102 itself Used as a beam or longitudinal beam to enhance the strength of the shell structure, that is, there is no need to provide a strengthening structure for strengthening its structural strength in the shell, and the single battery 102 itself can directly replace the strengthening structure to ensure the shell
  • the structural strength ensures that the shell is not easily deformed under the action of external force.
  • the first side frame 1031 is provided with a first supporting step 1034
  • the second side frame 1032 is provided with a second supporting step; the first end of the single battery 102 is supported on the first supporting step 1034 , The second end of the single battery 102 is supported on the second supporting step.
  • the first end of the single battery 102 may be directly or indirectly supported on the first side frame 1031, and the second end of the single battery 102 may be directly or indirectly supported on the second side frame 1032 .
  • the direct meaning means that the first end of the single battery 102 and the first side frame 1031 directly contact and cooperate with each other, and the second end of the single battery 102 and the second side frame 1032 directly contact and cooperate with each other.
  • the battery pack 100 also includes a support structure.
  • the first end of the single battery 102 is supported by the support structure and the first side frame 1031.
  • the other end of the single battery 102 is supported by the support structure and the first side frame 1031.
  • the two side frames 1032 cooperate and support each other.
  • the matching here means that the distance between the two side frame frames can be matched to install a single battery 102.
  • This kind of matching can be a clearance fit, an interference fit, a fastening fit, a fixed fit and other various matching methods, so as to realize the present invention.
  • the purpose of the application can be a clearance fit, an interference fit, a fastening fit, a fixed fit and other various matching methods, so as to realize the present invention. The purpose of the application.
  • the strength of the battery array 101 and the strength of the battery frame can be strengthened.
  • the side frame will undergo plastic deformation under the action of external force. If the gap between the longitudinal ends of the single battery 102 and the side frame is large, the side frame and the single battery cannot transmit force, and the side frame cannot The battery array 101 is used for reinforcement. Once the support structure is set, if the side frame is subjected to external force, the single battery 102 itself is a strong rigid part. The support structure can be used to transmit the force to the side frame to prevent the side frame. Plastic deformation of the frame.
  • the support structure includes a first support block 106, and the lower surface of the first end of the single cell 102 is supported on the first support block 106 through the first support block 106.
  • the support structure On the side frame 1031 and/or the lower surface of the second end of the single battery 102 is supported on the second side frame 1032 by the first support block 106.
  • the first support block 106 is installed and fixed on the lower surface of the two ends of the single battery 102 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the single battery 102 when it is arranged in the battery array 101, it can position the single battery 102.
  • it can It has the function of insulating and isolating the single battery 102 and the bottom plate 1035 of the tray 103; on the other hand, the side frame can be connected by the structural strength of the first support block 106 and the lower end surface of the single battery 102 to improve the whole The strength and rigidity of the battery pack 100.
  • the lower surface of the first end of the single battery 102 is supported by the first support block 106 and can be supported on the first side frame 1031, or can be supported on the supporting step on the first side frame 1031; the second of the single battery 102
  • the lower surface of the end can be supported on the second side frame 1032 by the first support block 106 or can be supported on the supporting step on the second side frame 1032.
  • the supporting structure includes a second supporting block 107; the side surface of the first end of the single battery 102 facing the first side frame 1031 is matched with the first side frame 1031 through the second supporting block 107; and The second end includes a lower surface facing the lower panel and/or the side surface of the second end of the single battery 102 facing the second side frame 1032 is engaged with the second side frame 1032 through the second support block 107.
  • the single battery 102 includes electrode terminals, which are respectively provided at the first end and the second end of the single battery 102; the supporting structure is provided with an opening 1071 through which the electrode terminals of the single battery 102 pass The opening 1071 is electrically connected by the battery connecting piece 110.
  • the battery pack 100 further includes an insulating partition 109, which is located between the support structure and the inner surface of the side frame.
  • the insulating separator is used to isolate the connection between the battery connecting piece 110 and the electrode terminal and the side frame, which may cause short circuit and safety problems.
  • the second supporting structure is installed on the side of the electrode terminal, and can be used to fix the battery connection sheet 100 of the single battery 102 and the flexible circuit board FPC.
  • the electrode terminals of the single battery 102 are also weak points of force.
  • the second support block 107 can protect the electrode terminals. Without the second support block 107, the side frame will directly act after being impacted or squeezed by an external force. The electrode terminal is likely to cause the failure of the battery pack 100.
  • the specific structure of the support structure is not limited, as long as the support structure has a certain strength and can resist external force deformation.
  • the material of the support structure includes polyether plastic (PPS), glass fiber, and polyether plastic (PPS).
  • PPS polyether plastic
  • One or more of carbonates are examples of carbonates.
  • the side frame includes a third side frame 1033 and a fourth side frame oppositely arranged along the arrangement direction of the single cells 102, and a plurality of single cells 102 are arranged side by side on the third side frame 1033 and the first side frame.
  • the third side frame 1033 and the fourth side frame are glued and fixed to the adjacent single battery 102 respectively.
  • the third side frame 1033 and the fourth side frame adopt a structure to form the battery array 101 and the side frame as a whole, and the battery side frame clamps the battery array 101 along the arrangement direction of the single cells 102.
  • the third side frame 1033 applies a force towards the fourth side frame to the single cells 102 arranged adjacent to the third side frame 1033, and the fourth side frame applies a force towards the single cells 102 arranged adjacent to the fourth side frame.
  • the force of the third side frame 1033 enables the multiple single cells 102 to be closely arranged between the third side frame 1033 and the fourth side frame, and the multiple single cells 102 can be attached to each other.
  • the third side frame 1033 and the fourth side frame can limit the multiple single cells 102, especially when the single cells 102 swell a little, they can buffer the single cells 102 and provide inward pressure. The effect of preventing excessive swelling and deformation of the single battery 102.
  • the third side frame 1033 and/the fourth side frame are provided with reinforcing beams.
  • the reinforcing beams can be closely attached to the outer surface of the adjacent cell or reserve a certain gap. To the limiting effect of the battery array 101 during expansion.
  • the side frame of the tray 103 and the bottom plate 1035 are pasted by structural glue, or they can be directly welded or bolted together.
  • the side frame may be an integral frame or a split type.
  • the side frame is preferably split, that is, the first side frame 1031, the second side frame 1032, the third side frame 1033, and the fourth side frame are separated, and the two side frames can be connected by fastening The pieces are further strengthened.
  • the single battery 102 is a rectangular parallelepiped battery, and the electrode terminals of the single battery 102 are arranged at both ends of the single battery 102 along the length direction; the first side frame 1031, the second side frame 1032, the third side frame 1033, and the second side frame 1033.
  • the two first reinforcing plates 104 respectively constitute the upper cover 105 and the bottom plate 1035 of the battery pack as an example to illustrate the assembly method of the battery pack 100:
  • Step 1 A plurality of single cells 102 are arranged in a battery array along the thickness direction, the height direction of the single cells 102 is aligned, and the length direction of the single cells 102 is aligned; the single cells 102 are bonded with the structural adhesive 1011.
  • the arrangement direction of the bulk cells 102 is set to the X direction; the length direction of the single cells 102 is set to the Y direction
  • Step 2 Along the X direction, the two opposite first surfaces with the largest area of the two outermost single cells 102 of the battery array 101 are respectively bonded to the third side frame 1033 and the fourth side frame; (This direction is not an electrode terminal Lead out)
  • Step 3 Along the Y direction, a first side frame 1031 and a second side frame 1032 are provided on the two end surfaces of the battery array 101;
  • Step 4 The connecting parts of the first side frame 1031 and the second side frame 1032 and the third side frame 1033 and the fourth side frame are connected by welding or fastener (bolt, etc.) connection;
  • Step 4 Adhere two first reinforcing plates 104 on two opposite surfaces of the battery array 101 along the arrangement direction of the single cells 102;
  • Step 5 The connection between the first reinforcing plate 104 and the first side frame 1031 and the second side frame 1032 and the third side frame 1033 and the fourth side frame is connected by structural glue or fasteners, one of the first reinforcing plates 104 is the upper cover 105 of the battery pack 100; the other first reinforcing plate 104 is the bottom plate 1035 of the battery pack 100;
  • Step 6 Add a protective plate 111 on the outer surface of the bottom plate 1035;
  • Step 7 Fill the gap between the battery array 101 and the side frame with structural glue or set up a supporting structure.
  • the integral structure of the battery pack 100 is designed to greatly improve the rigidity and strength, and the mechanical safety and reliability are greatly improved.
  • the structural strength of the integral battery pack 100 can be used as part of the structural strength of the entire vehicle.
  • the battery pack 100 can be used to enhance the structural strength of the entire vehicle, simplify the design structure of the entire vehicle frame to protect the structural strength of the battery pack 100, and realize the lightweight of the entire vehicle. Design requirements, reduce vehicle design and manufacturing costs, and improve vehicle production efficiency.
  • the battery pack 100 also includes a battery management system.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides an electric vehicle, including the battery pack 100 described above.
  • the electric vehicle has strong endurance and low cost.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • Connected or integrally connected it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • Connected or integrally connected it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood under specific circumstances.
  • the description with reference to the terms “embodiment”, “specific embodiment”, “example”, etc. means that the specific feature, structure, material or feature described in combination with the embodiment or example is included in at least In one embodiment or example.
  • the schematic representations of the above-mentioned terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

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Abstract

一种电池包和电动车，包括电池阵列（101），电池阵列（101）包括多个单体电池（102），单体电池（102）包括长度L、厚度D以及介于长度L和厚度D之间的高度H；多个单体电池（102）沿厚度方向排列且单体电池（102）之间通过结构胶粘接；两个第一加强板（104），两个第一加强板（104）相对设置并沿单体电池（102）的排列方向粘接在电池阵列（101）的两表面上，以用于约束单体电池（102）之间的相对位置。

Description

电池包和电动车
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求比亚迪股份有限公司于2019年11月29日提交的、发明名称为“电池包和电动车”的中国专利申请号“201911198132.9”的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，尤其涉及一种电池包和电动车。
背景技术
相关技术中，电池包包括托盘和密封盖，电池模组位于托盘和密封盖限定的容纳腔中，托盘包括托盘底板和连接在底板四周的边梁，为了增加托盘的刚度和强度，托盘内设有加强的横梁和/或纵梁，电池模组通过螺钉或其他结构件固定在横梁和/或纵梁上。由于电池包内部的电池、结构件都是分散其中，再通过紧固件或粘结技术组合在一起，该种电池包从系统层级上来，其整体性并不高。这就导致电池包安装到整车上后，电池包本身结构无法单独满足整车层级的机械安全性能，还需要整车的车架来支撑和保护电池包结构。这就是的当前电池包和整车没有办法真正实现紧凑化和轻量化，导致整个成本较高，整车和电池包结构设计复杂。
申请内容
为解决上述提到的至少一种技术问题，在本申请的第一方面，提供了一种电池包，所述电池包包括电池阵列，所述电池阵列包括多个单体电池，所述单体电池包括长度L、厚度D以及介于所述长度L和厚度D之间的高度H；所述多个单体电池沿所述厚度方向排列且所述单体电池之间通过结构胶粘接；两第一加强板，所述两第一加强板相对设置并沿所述单体电池的排列方向粘接在所述电池阵列的两表面上，以用于约束所述单体电池之间的相对位置。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述两第一加强板分别粘接在所述单体电池沿高度方向上相对的两个表面。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，至少一个所述单体电池满足：600mm≤L≤ 2500mm，且10≤L/D≤208。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述电池包包括沿所述单体电池的高度方向设置的多层电池阵列，相邻两层电池阵列之间设有隔板，所述隔板与位于所述隔板两侧的电池阵列固定粘贴。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，至少两个相邻的所述单体电池之间设有第二加强板，所述第二加强板与位于所述第二加强板两侧的单体电池固定粘贴。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述电池包还包括上盖和托盘，所述托盘包括底板以及围设在所述底板四周的侧边框，所述上盖和所述托盘连接以限定出电池容纳腔，所述电池阵列位于所述电池容纳腔中。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述两第一加强板分别构成所述上盖和所述底板。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述电池包还包括防护板，所述防护板位于所述底板的外表面。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述防护板包括两层铝板和夹设在所述两层铝板之间的钢板或发泡铝板；
或，所述防护板包括两层纤维复合层和夹设在所述两层纤维复合层之间的发泡聚合物层，所述纤维复合层包括玻璃纤维层或碳纤维层。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述两第一加强板的外表面分别粘接于所述上盖的内表面和所述底板的内表面。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述底板和所述上盖中的至少一者包括两层铝板和夹设在所述两层铝板之间的钢板或发泡铝板；
或，所述底板和所述上盖中的至少一者包括两层纤维复合层和夹设在所述两层纤维复合层之间的发泡聚合物层；所述纤维复合层包括玻璃纤维层或碳纤维层。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述上盖与所述侧边框的对应位置设有密封槽，所述密封槽中设有密封胶层；所述上盖和所述托盘通过所述密封胶层密封连接。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述电池阵列和所述侧边框的之间的间隙填充有结构胶。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述单体电池包括沿长度方向相对设置的第一端和第二端，所述侧边框包括沿所述单体电池长度方向相对设置的第一侧边框和 第二侧边框，所述单体电池的第一端支撑在所述第一侧边框上，所述单体电池的第二端支撑在所述第二侧边框上。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述第一侧边框设置有第一支撑台阶，所述第二侧边框设置有第二支撑台阶；所述单体电池的第一端支撑在所述第一支撑台阶上，所述单体电池的第二端支撑在所述第二支撑台阶上。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述电池包还包括支撑结构，所述单体电池的第一端与所述第一侧边框之间和/或所述单体电池的第二端与所述第二侧边框之间通过所述支撑结构配合支撑。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述支撑结构包括第一支撑块，所述单体电池的第一端的下表面通过所述第一支撑块支撑在所述第一侧边框上，和/或，所述单体电池的第二端的下表面通过所述第一支撑块106支撑在所述第二侧边框上。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述支撑结构包括第二支撑块；所述单体电池的第一端面向所述第一侧边框的侧表面通过所述第二支撑块与所述第一侧边框配合；和第二端包括面向所述下面板的下表面和；和/或，所述单体电池的第二端面向所述第二侧边框的侧表面通过所述第二支撑块与所述第二侧边框配合。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述单体电池包括电极端子，所述电极端子分别设在单体电池的第一端和第二端；所述支撑结构上设有开孔多个所述单体电池的电极端子穿过所述开孔通过电池连接片电连接。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述电池包还包括绝缘隔板，所述绝缘隔板位于所述支撑结构和所述侧边框的内表面之间。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述电池包还包括沿单体电池排列方向相对设置的第三侧边框和第四侧边框，所述第三侧边框和所述第四侧边框分别与邻近的单体电池粘贴固定。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述第三侧边框和/所述第四侧边框上设置有加强梁，所述加强梁用于限制电池阵列的膨胀。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，所述第一加强板的厚度为1～3mm。
本申请的第二个方面，提供了一种电动车，包括上述任一项所述的电池包。
与现有技术相比，本申请具有的有益效果为：本申请在电池阵列沿单体单池排列方向的两个相对表面设置两第一加强板，两第一加强板用于约束单体电池之间的相对位置，消除单体电池之间相互粘接时在相邻两个单体电池的缝隙中存在的薄弱点，且两第一加强板和电池阵列构成类似的蜂窝结构，由此将电池包设计 成为一个整体的具有极大刚性的一个结构件，该类蜂窝结构抵抗失稳能力较强，弯曲刚度大，减重效果明显，电池包的刚度和强度大幅提高，机械安全可靠性提升。使用时将该整体式电池包结构强度作为整车结构强度一部分，电池包可以用来增强整车的结构强度，而无须整车来保护电池包，通过该设计可以简化甚至取消整车车架对电池包结构强度保护的设计结构，实现整车轻量化的设计要求，降低整车设计和制造成本，提升整车生产效率。
附图说明
图1是本申请提供的在电池阵列粘接第一加强板的结构示意图；
图2是本申请提供的电池包的结构示意图；
图3是本申请提供的电池阵列的结构示意图；
图4是本申请提供的电池阵列位于托盘内部的结构示意图；
图5是本申请提供的电池阵列粘接在托盘和上盖的结构示意图；
图6是本申请提供的电池阵列与托盘侧边框配合的结构示意图；
图7是图6局部放大图；
图8是本申请提供的第一支撑结构的结构示意图；
图9是本申请提供的第二支撑结构的结构示意图；
图10本申请提供的第二支撑结构、电池连接片和绝缘端盖的爆炸图；
图11是本申请提供的第一加强板粘接在托盘底板的结构示意图；
图12是本申请提供的在底板外表面设置防护板的结构示意图；
图13是本申请提供的在电池阵列中设置第二加强板的结构示意图；
图14是本申请提供的单体电池的结构示意图；
图15是本申请提供的电池包的剖面图。
附图标记
100、电池包；
101、电池阵列；1011、结构胶；
102、单体电池；
103、托盘；1031、第一侧边框；1032、第二侧边框；1033、第三侧边框；1034、第一支撑台阶；1035、底板；
104、第一加强板；
105、上盖；
106、第一支撑块106；
107、第二支撑块107；1071、开孔
108、第二加强板；
109、绝缘隔板；
110、电池连接片；
111、防护板；
X、单体电池的厚度方向；
Y、单体电池的长度方向；
Z、单体电池的高度方向。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本申请提供了一种电池包100，包括电池阵列101，电池阵列101包括多个单体电池102，单体电池102包括长度L、厚度D以及介于所述长度L和厚度D之间的高度H；多个单体电池102沿厚度方向排列且单体电池102之间通过结构胶1011粘接；两第一加强板104，两第一加强板104相对设置并沿单体电池102的排列方向粘接在电池阵列101的两表面上，以用于约束单体电池102之间的相对位置。
现有技术中，多个单体电池102首先组装成电池模组，多个电池模组通过紧固件或结构胶粘接组装成电池包100，电池包100内的电池和结构比较分散，紧固件和电池之间的缝隙，电池和电池之间的缝隙，紧固件和紧固件之间的缝隙，都存在很多受力薄弱点，一旦整个电池包100受到外部的挤压或撞击作用，这些受力薄弱点由于外力作用首先遭到破坏，失去了紧固件和粘胶的紧固作用，整个电池包100也会迅速遭到破坏。
为了抵抗外力的破坏，在相关技术中，通过提高电池包100壳体的强度，使其能够抵抗外力冲击，为了提高电池包100的强度，要么使用更高强度的钢或者更厚的托盘103底板1035或者是把托盘103设置成具有空腔的多层结构，空腔结构里面设置加强筋，但无论是哪一种实现方式，会使得整个电池包100的重量增加或者电池包100的有限利用空间减少，电池包100的能量密度降低。
在本申请中，单体电池102之间粘接形成电池阵列101，在电池阵列101的沿单体电池102排列方向的两个相对表面上粘接第一加强板104，两第一加强板 104用于约束多个单体电池102之间的相对位置，且可将多个单体电池102连接成一个整体结构，该整体结构可以消除单体电池102之间由于缝隙存在的薄弱点，使得电池包100设计成为一个具有极大刚性的一个结构件。另一方面，两第一加强板104和位于两第一加强板104之间的电池阵列101构成类蜂窝状的结构，从力学角度分析，该蜂窝结构能以最少的材料获得最大的受力，当电池阵列101承受垂直于第一加强板104的载荷时，第一加强板104和电池阵列101协调变形。电池包100的刚度和强度大幅提高，机械安全可靠性提升。
在本申请中，如图14所示，单体电池102为长方体结构的方形电池，包括在厚度方向相对的两个第一表面，以及在高度方向相对的两个第二表面和在长度方向相对的两个第三表面，第一表面的面积大于第二表面的面积且第一表面的面积大于第三表面的面积。
单体电池102沿厚度方向排列，且单体电池102之间采用结构胶固定粘接，即，单体电池102的第一表面之间相互粘接；换句话说，单体电池102之间采用大面对大面的方式排列且粘接，由此可以提高单体电池102的粘接面积，增大单体电池102之间的粘接力，
在单体电池102的排列方向上，单体电池102与单体电池102之间容易发生错位移动，两个第一加强板104沿单体电池102的排列方向粘接在电池阵列101的两个相对表面上，便于约束单体电池102之间的相对位置。
在本申请中，两第一加强板104可以粘接在单体电池102的两个第二表面上，也可以粘接在单体电池102的两个第三表面上。
在本申请中，由于单体电池102的长度大于高度，且高度大于厚度，由长度和厚度组成的第二表面的面积要大于由高度和厚度构成的第三表面的面积，为了增加粘接力，优选的，两第一加强板104粘接在单体电池102的第二表面上。
在本申请中，可以所有的单体电池102的沿排列方向的两个表面均与第一加强板104粘接，也可只有部分单体电池102的沿排列方向的两个表面均与第一加强板104直接粘接。
也就是说，在本申请中，可以一部分电池的两个第二表面或两个第三表面与第一加强板104粘接，另一部分单体电池102的两个第二表面或两个第三表面与第一加强板104粘接未与第一加强板104粘接。
为了提高粘接强度，与两个第一加强板104直接粘接的单体电池102的数量不小于电池阵列101中所含有的单体数量的二分之一。
对于电池阵列101中的至少一个单体电池102来讲，可以该单体电池102的两个第二表面或者两个第三表面均与两个第一加强板104粘接；也可以，该单体电池102的两个第二表面或两个第三表面中的一个表面与第一加强板104粘接；另一个未与第一加强板104粘接。
在本申请中，单体电池102的两个第二表面或两个第三表面的整个区域全部与第一加强板104粘接，也可一部分单体电池102的部分第二表面或部分第三表面与第一加强板104粘接。
为了提高整个电池包100的强度，本申请优选电池阵列101中所有单体电池102的两个第二表面或两个第三表面均与第一加强板104粘接，由此可以最大程度的提高电池包100的强度和刚度。
在本申请中，两第一加强板104的形状和面积不做特殊限定，只要两第一加强板104满足本身具有一定的强度，能将电池阵列101连接成一个整体，能够增加电池阵列101的结构强度，且不易变形的要求即可。
在一些实施例中，第一加强板104的形状与电池阵列101粘接有该第一加强板104的表面的形状相同且对应设置，由此便于第一加强板104更加容易的贴紧电池阵列101的表面。
在一些实施例中，第一加强板104的面积与电池阵列101粘接有该第一加强板104的表面的面积可以不同，当电池包100强度满足要求，且第一加强板104能将电池阵列101连接成一个整体的情况下，第一加强板104的面积可以小于电池阵列101粘接有该第一加强板104的表面的面积。
在一些实施方式中，至少一个第一加强板104为
Figure PCTCN2020122882-appb-000001
型板体，
Figure PCTCN2020122882-appb-000002
型板体的“一”部分与电池阵列101中单体电池102的第二表面贴合设置，
Figure PCTCN2020122882-appb-000003
的“丨”部分与电池阵列101单体电池102的第三表面贴合设置，或，
Figure PCTCN2020122882-appb-000004
型板体的“一”部分与电池阵列101中单体电池102的第三表面贴合设置，
Figure PCTCN2020122882-appb-000005
的“丨”部分与电池阵列101单体电池102的第二表面贴合设置。
在一些实施方式中，至少一个第一加强板104为“凵”型板体，“凵”型板体的“一”部分与电池阵列101中的中单体电池102的第二表面贴合设置，“凵”型板体的两个“丨”部分与电池阵列101单体电池102的第三表面贴合设置，或，“凵”型板体的“一”部分与电池阵列101中单体电池102的第三表面贴合设置，“凵”型板体的两个“丨”部分与电池阵列101中单体电池102的第二表面贴合 设置。
通过在第一加强板104的边缘设置向电池阵列101侧边面弯折的弯折部，可以提高整个电池阵列101的强度和结构稳定性。
在本申请中，第一加强板104和电池阵列101中的单体电池102构成类蜂窝结构，第一加强板104和电池阵列101中的单体电池102协调变形，当第一加强板104弯曲时会带动单体电池102同时变形，相当于在单体电池102的第一表面增加了附加的弯矩，所以导致蜂窝结构的强度降低，随着第一加强板104的厚度的增加，蜂窝结构强度有所提高，但是存在一个极大值，这是因为第一加强板104的厚度的增加，提高了第一加强板104的抗弯刚度，当第一加强板104的厚度增加到一定程度时，蜂窝结构的强度就会取决于电池阵列101的强度，最终会因为第一加强板104的失稳、塌陷而达到极限承载力，从而导致整个蜂窝结构丧失承载能力，同时，第一加强板104的厚度过大，也不满足电池包100轻量化要求。本申请的发明人经过多次实验发现，当第一加强板104的厚度为0.5～5mm，优选1～3mm，该厚度范围内的第一加强板104能够使得蜂窝结构达到最优的加强效果，进而满足电池包100的强度要求。
在本申请中，第一加强板104均由金属材料制成。
金属材料的第一加强板104，一方面用于对内部的单体电池102形成防护，另一方面，可以起到散热的效果，第一加强板104可以采用热导率高的金属材质，包括但不限于铝、铜及其合金。
在实际的执行中，第一加强板104可以为铝合金材料制成，铝合金材料的导热性能好，且密度小。
如图1、6和14所示，单体电池102的长度方向定义为Y方向延伸，高度方向定义为Z方向，厚度方向定义为X方向。
单体电池102大体为长方体结构，可以理解为单体电池102可为长方体形、正方体形，或局部存在异形，但大致为长方体形、正方体形；或者，部分存在缺口、凸起、倒角、弧度、弯曲，但整体呈近似长方体形、正方体形。
在一些实施方式中，单体电池102满足：600mm≤L≤2500mm，且10≤L/D≤208。
单体电池102的长度较长，厚度较薄，可将单体电池102看成一个强度较大的刚性件，可以更好地在壳体内承担加强梁的作用，减小壳体中加强筋的使用，这样不仅有利于减轻整个电池包100的重量，还可以极大地简化壳体的结构，从 而有利于提高电池包100的空间利用率以及电池包100的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，在单体电池102的高度方向(即在Z方向上)，设有多层电池阵列101，相邻两层电池阵列101之间设有隔板，所述隔板与位于所述隔板两侧的电池阵列101固定粘贴。
在该实施方式中，在两层电池阵列101之间设置隔板可以使得，每一层的电池阵列101和位于电池阵列101上、下表面的隔板或面板形成多个工字梁结构，形成类似的蜂窝结构，电池包100的刚度和强度大幅提高，机械安全可靠性提升。
在一些实施方式中，如图13所示，为了进一步提高电池包100的整体强度，至少两个相邻的单体电池102之间设有第二加强板108。第二加强板108的设置可以更好的吸收电池阵列101在三维方向上受到的冲击力，提升整个电池阵列101的机械强度。
在本申请中，第二加强板108可以为铝板或钢板，第二加强板108的个数不作限制，可以为1个或多个，当第二加强板108的个数为多个时，可以为每两个相邻的单体电池102之间均设置有第二加强板108，也可以为只有部分相邻的单体电池102之间设置第二加强板108。
为了便于单体电池102在整个电池包100中的密堆，在一些实施方式中，第二加强板108的形状可以与单体电池102的外形大体相似，即可以做成“假电芯”。“假电芯”可以理解为，从外观上看，与单体电池102一模一样，但在“假电芯”内部并无有由正极、负极和隔膜组成的电极组件，“假电芯”在此仅仅起到加强的作用。
第二加强板108与位于两侧的单体电池102固定粘贴，从而提高整个电池包100的整体结构。
在一些实施方式中，如图5所示，电池包100还包括上盖105和托盘103，托盘103包括底板1035以及围设在底板1035四周的侧边框，上盖105和托盘103连接以限定出电池容纳腔，电池阵列101位于所述电池容纳腔中。
在一些实施方式中，两第一加强板104分别构成上盖105和底板1035。
换句话说明，电池阵列101的两个表面分别粘接在上盖105和底板1035上。
在该实施方式中，电池阵列101的面向上盖105的表面粘接于上盖105，电池阵列101面向底板1035的表面粘接于底板1035，这样电池阵列101的两个相对的表面均被粘接于电池包100外壳上，且单体电池102之间粘接，由此电池包100的整体性增加，减少了紧固件和电池之间的缝隙，电池和电池之间的缝隙， 紧固件和紧固件之间的缝隙，进而减少了电池包100内的受力薄弱点，提高了整个电池包100的强度和刚度。
在一些实施方式中，其中一个第一加强板104粘接在上盖105的内表面上(图中未画出)，另一个第一加强板104粘接在底板1035的内表面上(如图11所示)。该种方式电池阵列101与电池包100外壳间接粘接，方便组装和加工。
在一些实施方式中，上盖105和/或托盘103可以为多层复合结构，可以使电池包100更好的承受整车的冲击，提高结构强度。
在该实施方式中，电池包100底板1035设计可以采用三明治复合材料结构，能承受整个电池模组的结构强度。底板1035设计复合板结构，集成电池底部的支撑强度和底部防石击和磕碰功能。也可集成电池底部的支撑强度功能和液冷功能。
例如，在一些具体的实施方式中，多层复合结构包括两层铝板和夹设在所述两层铝板之间的钢板或发泡铝板；即多层复合结构为铝板/发泡铝板/铝板或多层复合结构为铝板/钢板/铝板。
在另一些具体的实施方式中，多层复合结构包括两层纤维复合层和夹设在所述两层纤维复合层之间的发泡材料层。
发泡材料层包括发泡聚合材料，例如聚氨酯泡沫或酚醛泡沫材料，采用发泡材料层，导热系数低，能起到很好的保温效果，另外发泡材料密度低，与密封盖采用钢板或者铝合金相比，电池包100更加轻量化。
其中，所述纤维复合层包括玻璃纤维层和/或碳纤维层。即多层复合层可以为玻璃纤维层/发泡材料层/玻璃纤维层、碳纤维层/发泡材料层/碳纤维层，或玻璃纤维层/发泡材料层/碳纤维层，将电池包100的上盖105和/或托盘103设计成发泡材料层和分布在发泡材料层内侧和外侧的纤维复合层，纤维层具有很高的抗拉强度和弹性模量，不仅能够承受电池包100内部压力在一定范围内增大时仍然不变形，还能有效的隔火隔热，提高了电池包100在极端情况下的安全性能。
整体式电池包100结构强度可以作为整车结构强度一部分，电池包100可以用来增强整车的结构强度，简化整车车架对电池包100结构强度保护的设计结构，实现整车轻量化的设计要求，降低整车设计和制造成本，提升整车生产效率。
在一些实施方式中，如果直接将托盘103的底板1035设计成多层复合结构，如果一旦托盘103底板1035外力作用损坏时，由于底板1035与单体电池102粘接在一起，底板1035更换起来比较困难，不方便维修。
在本申请一些实施方式中，如图12所示，如在两个第一加强板104分别构成上盖105和底板1035的实施方式中，托盘103底板1035为单层铝板，在托盘103底板1035外表面设置防护板111，防护板111为多层复合结构。防护底板1035可以有效防护动力电池包100的底部石击和磕碰直接对动力电池包100的损伤，以轻量化的设计结构满足底部球击碰撞要求，具有良好的安全可靠性。同时底部防护板111复合材料还具有耐腐蚀、耐老化等环境可靠性；底板1035结构上设计为可拆卸、防护能力强、结构紧凑的结构，为将来方便售后维修，大大降低售后维护成本。
防护板111为多层复合结构同上面描述一致，此处不再赘述。
防护板111和电池包100托盘103边框可设计多种连接固定方式，铆接，自动冲铆，螺栓固定连接等，可自由拆卸，便于维修，保养及检查。
如图6和图7所示，上盖105与侧边框的对应位置有密封槽，密封槽中设有密封胶层；上盖105和托盘103通过密封胶层密封连接。
在该实施方式中，密封槽可以仅设置在上盖105上，也可以仅设置在侧边框上，还可以在上盖105和侧边框上均设置密封槽。
在该实施方式中，上盖105和侧边框的固定还可结合铆钉或螺栓紧固的方式进行密封固定，从而提高整个电池包100的密封性能要求和结构强度要求。
电池侧边框梁与上盖105密封配合处，设计密封槽进行密封，密封胶密封槽可以设计在电池侧边框上面或上盖105上，进而来保证侧边框与上盖105之间的密封和固定。
电池阵列101和所述侧边框的内表面之间填充有结构胶。电池阵列101和侧边框之间的间隙往往成为受力的薄弱点，通过灌封结构胶，将单体电池102电池和边框粘接在一起，提高强度。
如图6、图7所示，在一些实施例中，单体电池102大体为长方体，包括沿长度方向相对设置的第一端和第二端，侧边框包括沿单体电池102长度方向相对设置的第一侧边框1031和第二侧边框1032，单体电池102设置在第一侧边框1031和第二侧边框1032之间，单体电池102的第一端支撑在第一侧边框1031上，单体电池102的第二端支撑在第二侧边框1032上。换言之，单体电池102在第一侧边框1031和第二侧边框1032之间延伸。
单体电池102在第一侧边框1031和第二侧边框1032之间延伸，单体电池102的两端分别支撑在第一侧边框1031和第二侧边框1032上，单体电池102本 身便可用作加强壳体构强度的横梁或纵梁，也就是说，壳体中无需再设置用于加强其结构强度的加强结构，直接通过单体电池102本身便可代替加强结构来保证壳体的结构强度，确保壳体在外力作用下不易发生形变。
在本申请的一些实施例中，第一侧边框1031设置有第一支撑台阶1034，第二侧边框1032设置有第二支撑台阶；单体电池102的第一端支撑在第一支撑台阶1034上，单体电池102的第二端支撑在第二支撑台阶上。
在本申请的一些实施例中，单体电池102的第一端可以直接或间接支撑在第一侧边框1031上，单体电池102的第二端可以直接或间接支撑在第二侧边框1032上。直接的含义是指单体电池102的第一端和第一侧边框1031直接接触配合支撑，和单体电池102的第二端和第二侧边框1032直接接触配合。
如图6和图7所示，电池包100还包括支撑结构，单体电池102的第一端通过支撑结构与第一侧边框1031配合支撑上，单体电池102的另一端通过支撑结构与第二侧边框1032之间配合支撑。
此处的相配合指两个侧框边框之间的间距能够配合安装一个单体电池102，这种配合可是间隙配合、过盈配合、紧固配合、固定配合等各种配合方式，从而实现本申请的目的。
通过在单体电池102长度方向的两端与侧边框之间设置支撑结构，可以使得电池阵列101的强度与电池边框的强度起到加强的作用。
侧边框在收到外力的作用，会发生塑性形变，如果单体电池102长度方向的两端与侧边框之间间隙较大，侧边框和单体电池之间无法传递力的作用，侧边框无法利用电池阵列101起到加强的作用，而一旦设置支撑结构后，如果侧边框受外力，单体电池102本身是一个强度很大的刚性件，可借用支撑结构将力传递给侧边框，防止侧边框的塑性形变。
具体的，在一些实施方式中，如图6、7和15所示，支撑结构包括第一支撑块106，单体电池102的第一端的下表面通过第一支撑块106支撑在所述第一侧边框1031上，和/或，单体电池102的第二端的下表面通过第一支撑块106支撑在第二侧边框1032上。
第一支撑块106安装固定在单体电池102长度方向的两端的下表面，一方面在单体电池102排列成电池阵列101时，可以对单体电池102起到定位作用，另一方面还可以对起到对单体电池102与托盘103底板1035起到绝缘隔离的作用；再一方面，侧边框可以通过第一支撑块106和单体电池102的下端面的结构强度 连接在一起，提高整个电池包100的强度和刚度。
单体电池102的第一端的下表面通过第一支撑块106支撑可以支撑在第一侧边框1031上，也可以支撑在第一侧边框1031上的支撑台阶上；单体电池102的第二端的下表面通过第一支撑块106支撑可以支撑在第二侧边框1032上，也可以支撑在第二侧边框1032上的支撑台阶上。
在本申请的一些实施方式中，支撑结构包括第二支撑块107；单体电池102的第一端面向第一侧边框1031的侧表面通过第二支撑块107与第一侧边框1031配合；和第二端包括面向所述下面板的下表面和/或，单体电池102的第二端面向第二侧边框1032的侧表面通过第二支撑块107与第二侧边框1032配合。
单体电池102包括电极端子，电极端子分别设在单体电池102的第一端和第二端；所述支撑结构上设有开孔1071，多个所述单体电池102的电极端子穿过所述开孔1071通过电池连接片110电连接。
在本申请的第一实施方式中，如图10和14所示，电池包100还包括绝缘隔板109，绝缘隔板109位于支撑结构和所述侧边框的内表面之间。绝缘隔板用于隔绝电池连接片110和电极端子与侧边框导通，发生短路和安全问题。
如图7和图15所示，第二支撑结构安装在电极端子侧面，可以用来固定单体电池102的电池连接片100和柔性电路板FPC。
单体电池102的电极端子也是受力薄弱点，第二支撑块107可以对电极端子起到保护，在无第二支撑块107的情况下，侧边框受到外力撞击或挤压后后会直接作用电极端子，容易造成电池包100的失效。
在本申请中，对支撑结构的具体结构不作限定，只要支撑结构具有一定的强度，能抵抗外力变形，在一些实施方式中，支撑结构的材料包括聚醚类塑料(PPS)、玻璃纤维、聚碳酸酯类中的一种或多种。
在本申请的一些实施例中，侧边框包括沿单体电池102排列方向相对设置有第三侧边框1033和第四侧边框，多个单体电池102并列排布在第三侧边框1033和第四侧边框之间，第三侧边框1033和第四侧边框分别与邻近的单体电池102粘贴固定。
第三侧边框1033和第四侧边框采用结构将电池阵列101和侧边框形成一个整体，电池侧边框对电池阵列101沿单体电池102的排列方向夹紧。
也就是说，第三侧边框1033向邻近第三侧边框1033设置的单体电池102施加朝向第四侧边框的作用力，第四侧边框向邻近第四侧边框设置的单体电池102 施加朝向第三侧边框1033的作用力，以使多个单体电池102能够紧密地排布在第三侧边框1033和第四侧边框之间，多个单体电池102之间能够相互贴合。此外，第三侧边框1033和第四侧边框可以对多个单体电池102进行限位，特别是当单体电池102发生少量膨胀时，可以对单体电池102起到缓冲和提供向内压力的作用，防止单体电池102膨胀量和变形量过大。
为进一步解决电池阵列101的膨胀问题，第三侧边框1033和/所述第四侧边框上设置有加强梁，加强梁可与临近的单体的外表面贴紧或预留一定的间隙，起到电池阵列101在膨胀时的限位作用。
托盘103的侧边框和底板1035之间采用结构胶粘贴，也可以直接焊接，或者螺栓连接，侧边框可以是整体式框架，也可以为分体式。在本申请中，优选侧边框分体式，即，第一侧边框1031、第二侧边框1032、第三侧边框1033、第四侧边框分体的，在两个侧边框连接部位可通过紧固件进一步加强。
下面，以单体电池102为长方体电池，单体电池102的电极端子设在单体电池102沿长度方向的两端；第一侧边框1031、第二侧边框1032、第三侧边框1033、第四侧边框分体式为例，两第一加强板104分别构成电池包的上盖105和底板1035为例，说明电池包100的组装方式：
步骤1：多个单体电池102沿厚度方向排布成电池阵列，单体电池102的高度方向对齐，单体电池102的长度方向对齐；单体电池102之间采用结构胶1011粘接，单体电池102的排列方向设为X方向；单体电池102长度方向设为Y方向
步骤2：沿X方向，电池阵列101的最外侧两个单体电池102的面积最大的两个相对的第一表面分别粘接第三侧边框1033和第四侧边框；(此方向非电极端子引出方向)
步骤3：沿Y方向，在电池阵列101的两个端面设置第一侧边框1031和第二侧边框1032；
步骤4：第一侧边框1031和第二侧边框1032与第三侧边框1033和第四侧边框的连接部采用焊接或者紧固件(螺栓等)连接的方式连接起来；
步骤4：在电池阵列101沿单体电池102排列方向的两个相对表面粘接两第一加强板104；
步骤5：第一加强板104与第一侧边框1031和第二侧边框1032与第三侧边框1033和第四侧边框的连接处采用结构胶或者紧固件连接起来，其中一个第一加强板104为电池包100的上盖105；另一个第一加强板104为电池包100的底 板1035；
步骤6：在底板1035外表面增设防护板111；
步骤7：在电池阵列101与侧边框的间隙处填充结构胶或设置支撑结构。
从以上组装方式，可以看出，单体电池102的六个面都有很强的结构强度，将电池包100设计整体式结构，刚度和强度大幅提高，机械安全可靠性极大提升。整体式电池包100结构强度可以作为整车结构强度一部分，电池包100可以用来增强整车的结构强度，简化整车车架对电池包100结构强度保护的设计结构，实现整车轻量化的设计要求，降低整车设计和制造成本，提升整车生产效率。
在本申请中，电池包100还包括电池管理系统。
本申请的第二个方面提供了一种电动车，包括上述电池包100。该电动车续航能力强，成本低。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“实施例”、“具体实施例”、“示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种电池包，其特征在于，包括：
    电池阵列，所述电池阵列包括多个单体电池，所述单体电池包括长度L、厚度D以及介于所述长度L和厚度D之间的高度H；
    所述多个单体电池沿所述厚度方向排列且所述单体电池之间通过结构胶粘接；
    两第一加强板，所述两第一加强板相对设置并沿所述单体电池的排列方向粘接在所述电池阵列的两表面上，以用于约束所述单体电池之间的相对位置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述两第一加强板分别粘接在所述单体电池沿高度方向上相对的两个表面。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的电池包，其特征在于，至少一个所述单体电池满足：600mm≤L≤2500mm，且10≤L/D≤208。
  4. 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包包括沿所述单体电池的高度方向设置的多层电池阵列，相邻两层电池阵列之间设有隔板，所述隔板与位于所述隔板两侧的电池阵列固定粘贴。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，至少两个相邻的所述单体电池之间设有第二加强板，所述第二加强板与位于所述第二加强板两侧的单体电池固定粘贴。
  6. 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包还包括上盖和托盘，所述托盘包括底板以及围设在所述底板四周的侧边框，所述上盖和所述托盘连接以限定出电池容纳腔，所述电池阵列位于所述电池容纳腔中。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述两第一加强板分别构成所述上盖和所述底板。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包还包括防护板，所述防护板位于所述底板的外表面。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述防护板包括两层铝板和夹设在所述两层铝板之间的钢板或发泡铝板；
    或，所述防护板包括两层纤维复合层和夹设在所述两层纤维复合层之间的发泡聚合物层，所述纤维复合层包括玻璃纤维层或碳纤维层。
  10. 如权利要求6-9任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述两第一加强板 的外表面分别粘接于所述上盖的内表面和所述底板的内表面。
  11. 如权利要求6-10任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述底板和所述上盖中的至少一者包括两层铝板和夹设在所述两层铝板之间的钢板或发泡铝板；
    或，所述底板和所述上盖中的至少一者包括两层纤维复合层和夹设在所述两层纤维复合层之间的发泡聚合物层；所述纤维复合层包括玻璃纤维层或碳纤维层。
  12. 如权利要求6-11任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述上盖与所述侧边框的对应位置设有密封槽，所述密封槽中设有密封胶层；所述上盖和所述托盘通过所述密封胶层密封连接。
  13. 如权利要求6-12任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池阵列和所述侧边框的之间的间隙填充有结构胶。
  14. 如权利要求6-13任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括沿长度方向相对设置的第一端和第二端，所述侧边框包括沿所述单体电池长度方向相对设置的第一侧边框和第二侧边框，所述单体电池的第一端支撑在所述第一侧边框上，所述单体电池的第二端支撑在所述第二侧边框上。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述第一侧边框设置有第一支撑台阶，所述第二侧边框设置有第二支撑台阶；所述单体电池的第一端支撑在所述第一支撑台阶上，所述单体电池的第二端支撑在所述第二支撑台阶上。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包还包括支撑结构，所述单体电池的第一端与所述第一侧边框之间和/或所述单体电池的第二端与所述第二侧边框之间通过所述支撑结构配合支撑。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述支撑结构包括第一支撑块，所述单体电池的第一端的下表面通过所述第一支撑块支撑在所述第一侧边框上，和/或，所述单体电池的第二端的下表面通过所述第一支撑块支撑在所述第二侧边框上。
  18. 如权利要求16或17所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述支撑结构包括第二支撑块；所述单体电池的第一端面向所述第一侧边框的侧表面通过所述第二支撑块与所述第一侧边框配合；和/或，所述单体电池的第二端面向所述第二侧边框的侧表面通过所述第二支撑块与所述第二侧边框配合。
  19. 如权利要求16-18任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述单体电池包括电极端子，所述电极端子分别设在单体电池的第一端和第二端；所述支撑结构 上设有开孔，多个所述单体电池的电极端子穿过所述开孔通过电池连接片电连接。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包还包括绝缘隔板，所述绝缘隔板位于所述支撑结构和所述侧边框的内表面之间。
  21. 如权利要求6-20任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包还包括沿单体电池排列方向相对设置的第三侧边框和第四侧边框，所述第三侧边框和所述第四侧边框分别与邻近的单体电池粘贴固定。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述第三侧边框和/所述第四侧边框上设置有加强梁，所述加强梁用于限制电池阵列的膨胀。
  23. 如权利要求1-22任一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述第一加强板的厚度为1～3mm。
  24. 一种电动车，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-23任一项所述的电池包。
PCT/CN2020/122882 2019-11-29 2020-10-22 电池包和电动车 WO2021103867A1 (zh)

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