WO2021103372A1 - 移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪 - Google Patents

移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021103372A1
WO2021103372A1 PCT/CN2020/083005 CN2020083005W WO2021103372A1 WO 2021103372 A1 WO2021103372 A1 WO 2021103372A1 CN 2020083005 W CN2020083005 W CN 2020083005W WO 2021103372 A1 WO2021103372 A1 WO 2021103372A1
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Prior art keywords
packer
pressure sensor
gas injection
pipeline
pressure
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PCT/CN2020/083005
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李秉芮
井上雅弘
满天雷
杨满征
李书波
王伟
陈凤梅
刘娜
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山东科技大学
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Publication of WO2021103372A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021103372A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
    • G01N7/10—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by allowing diffusion of components through a porous wall and measuring a pressure or volume difference
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of coal and rock permeability measurement, in particular to a mobile fast coal and rock permeability measuring instrument.
  • Coal seam permeability coefficient is a numerical indicator that reflects the difficulty of gas flow in the coal seam. It is an important parameter for gas drainage design, gas flow simulation analysis, and measurement of the risk of coal and gas outbursts. It is also the most direct technology for evaluating the effect of anti-reflection index. There are laboratory and in-situ (on-site) measurement methods for coal seam permeability.
  • the air permeability coefficient of the coal sample obtained in the laboratory Due to the influence of the distribution of fissures, stress, moisture, temperature and sampling, processing and analysis processes in the coal body, the air permeability coefficient of the coal sample obtained in the laboratory has a poor correlation with the air permeability coefficient of the original coal seam, so the result of the laboratory measurement is usually It is used as a substitute for on-site measurement for model verification, etc., and the result of in-situ measurement is used as the actual coal seam permeability coefficient.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a mobile fast coal and rock permeability measuring instrument, which realizes the dense, rapid and accurate measurement of the coal permeability coefficient of the coal and rock.
  • the invention provides a mobile fast coal and rock permeability measuring instrument, which includes a support sleeve, a left main packer, a right main packer, a left secondary packer, a right secondary packer, a first high-pressure gas cylinder, The second high-pressure gas cylinder and data logger;
  • the left main packer and the right main packer are arranged on the supporting casing. Both the left main packer and the right main packer are arranged around the supporting casing. There is a space between the left main packer and the right main packer. spacing;
  • a left secondary packer is set on the support casing outside the left main packer, and a right secondary packer is set on the support casing outside the right main packer. Both the left secondary packer and the right secondary packer are Arrange around the supporting casing, leaving a space between the left secondary packer and the left main packer, and leave a space between the right secondary packer and the right main packer;
  • the first high-pressure gas cylinder is connected to the left secondary packer, the left main packer, the right main packer and the right secondary packer respectively through the gas injection pipeline.
  • the gas injection pipeline is provided with a first valve, and the gas injection pipeline is on the first valve.
  • a first pressure gauge is arranged on the outside of a valve, an exhaust pipe is connected to the gas injection pipeline and inside the first valve, and an exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust pipeline;
  • the second high-pressure gas cylinder is connected to one end of the measuring pipeline, the other end of the measuring pipeline is located between the left main packer and the right main packer, and a second pressure gauge and a second valve are arranged on the measuring pipeline;
  • a first pressure sensor is arranged on the gas injection pipeline and inside the first valve, a second pressure sensor is arranged between the left secondary packer and the left main packer, and between the right secondary packer and the right main packer A third pressure sensor is provided, a fourth pressure sensor is provided between the left main packer and the right main packer, and the data recorder is signally connected to the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor, and the fourth pressure sensor.
  • Pressure Sensor is arranged on the gas injection pipeline and inside the first valve, a second pressure sensor is arranged between the left secondary packer and the left main packer, and between the right secondary packer and the right main packer.
  • each packer is configured as an airbag
  • the airbag includes an inner airbag and an outer airbag stacked from the inside to the outside, the inner airbag is arranged around the support sleeve, and the outer airbag is arranged around the inner airbag.
  • the inner airbag is made of material A
  • the outer airbag is made of material B.
  • the hardness of material A is greater than that of material B.
  • gas injection pipeline and the measurement pipeline are both located inside the support sleeve.
  • the gas injection pipelines are respectively connected with a first gas injection branch pipeline, a second gas injection branch pipeline, a third gas injection branch pipeline, and a fourth gas injection branch pipeline, and each gas injection branch pipeline is located inside the support sleeve ,
  • the supporting sleeve is provided with gas injection holes at the positions surrounded by each packer, and the end of the gas injection branch pipeline is connected with the gas injection holes; the supporting sleeve is opened at the position between the left main packer and the right main packer There is a measuring hole, and the other end of the measuring pipeline is connected to the measuring hole.
  • the data recorder is respectively connected to the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor and the fourth pressure sensor via signal cables, and the signal cables connecting the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor and the fourth pressure sensor are located at The inside of the support sleeve.
  • the position of the support casing between the left secondary packer and the left primary packer, the position between the right secondary packer and the right primary packer, and the left primary packer and the right primary packer Sensor detection holes are opened in the positions between them, the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor and the fourth pressure sensor are assembled in the sensor detection holes, and the detection parts of the second pressure sensor, the third pressure sensor and the fourth pressure sensor are located in the The outside of the support sleeve.
  • the mobile rapid coal and rock permeability measuring instrument further includes a guide rod connected to the support sleeve.
  • the data recorder is a computer.
  • the high-pressure gas filled in the first high-pressure gas cylinder and the second high-pressure gas cylinder is nitrogen.
  • the mobile fast coal and rock permeability measuring instrument of the present invention can be used repeatedly and has a long service life; the measurement operation is simple, and multi-point and rapid measurement can be implemented in one borehole.
  • the measurement time is generally 10 to 30 minutes. The time is short, only need to deflate each packer through the exhaust valve to realize the measurement point switching, the measurement point switching speed is fast, and the air tightness between the packer and the inner wall of the borehole is detected in real time during the measurement process to ensure the measurement
  • the data is accurate, and the intensive, fast and accurate measurement of the permeability coefficient of the coal seam is realized.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a mobile fast coal and rock permeability measuring instrument
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of C-C in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the packer in the mobile fast coal and rock permeability measuring instrument of the embodiment
  • Fig. 4 is a graph showing the pressure-time curve in a closed space.
  • this embodiment provides a mobile fast coal and rock permeability measuring instrument, which includes a support casing 1, a left main packer 21, a right main packer 22, and a left secondary packer 23.
  • the right secondary packer 24 the first high-pressure gas cylinder 31, the second high-pressure gas cylinder 32, the data recorder 4, the guide rod and other components.
  • the guide rod is connected to the support sleeve 1, and the support sleeve 1 and the packers on it are sent to the set position in the borehole through the guide rod.
  • the left main packer 21 and the right main packer 22 are arranged in the middle position on the support casing 1, the left main packer 21 and the right main packer 22 are both arranged around the support casing 1, and the left main packer 21 There is a gap between it and the right main packer 22.
  • the high-pressure gas filled in the first high-pressure gas cylinder 31 and the second high-pressure gas cylinder 32 is non-toxic and harmless nitrogen.
  • the high-pressure gas in the first high-pressure gas cylinder 31 inflates the left main packer 21 and the right main packer 22 through the gas injection pipeline 41, and the expanded left main packer 21 and right main packer 22 are tightly connected to the drilled hole. fit.
  • the left main packer 21, the right main packer 22, the outer wall of the support casing 1 and the inner wall of the borehole jointly enclose a measurement enclosed space.
  • a left secondary packer 23 is arranged on the support casing 1 outside the left main packer 21, a right secondary packer 24 and a left secondary packer 23 are arranged on the support casing 1 outside the right main packer 22 Both the right secondary packer 24 and the right secondary packer 24 are arranged around the support casing 1.
  • a space is left between the left secondary packer 23 and the left main packer 21, and a space is left between the right secondary packer 24 and the right main packer 22.
  • the high-pressure gas in the first high-pressure gas cylinder 31 inflates the left secondary packer 23 through the gas injection pipe 41, and the expanded left secondary packer 23 and the left main packer 21 are closely attached to the borehole.
  • the left secondary packer 23, the left main packer 21, the outer wall of the support casing 1 and the inner wall of the borehole jointly enclose a left detection enclosed space.
  • the high-pressure gas in the first high-pressure gas cylinder 31 inflates and expands the right secondary packer 24 through the gas injection pipe 41, and the expanded right secondary packer 24 and the right main packer 22 are closely attached to the borehole.
  • the right secondary packer 24, the right main packer 22, the outer wall of the support casing 1 and the inner wall of the borehole jointly enclose a right detection enclosed space.
  • the first high-pressure gas cylinder 31 is respectively connected to the left secondary packer 23, the left main packer 21, the right main packer 22 and the right secondary packer 24 via the gas injection pipeline 41.
  • the gas injection pipeline 41 is provided with a first valve 51, and the gas injection pipeline 41 is provided with a first pressure gauge 61 outside the first valve 51. According to the pressure reading of the first pressure gauge 61, the operator controls the gas injection rate into the packer through the first valve 51.
  • An exhaust pipe 43 is connected to the gas injection pipe 41 and inside the first valve 51, and an exhaust valve 53 is provided on the exhaust pipe 43.
  • the high-pressure gas in each packer can be vented through the exhaust pipe 43 through the exhaust valve 53 to realize the switching of measurement points.
  • the second high-pressure gas cylinder 32 is connected to one end of the measuring pipeline 42, and the other end of the measuring pipeline 42 is located between the left main packer 21 and the right main packer 22, and a second pressure gauge 62 is provided on the measuring pipeline 42 And second valve 52.
  • the high-pressure gas in the second high-pressure gas cylinder 32 is injected into the measurement enclosed space through the measurement pipeline 42. According to the pressure reading of the second pressure gauge 62, the operator controls the gas injection rate into the measuring enclosed space through the second valve 52.
  • the above-mentioned packers are all set as airbags, and the airbags include inner airbags A1 stacked from the inside to the outside As with the outer airbag A2, the inner airbag A1 is arranged around the support sleeve 1, and the outer airbag A2 is arranged around the inner airbag A1.
  • the inner airbag A1 is made of material A
  • the outer airbag A2 is made of material B.
  • the hardness of material A is greater than that of material B.
  • the packer adopts an air bag, which expands and contracts faster than a water bag, which improves the efficiency of measurement.
  • the injected gas is nitrogen, which is a non-toxic and harmless gas, which ensures the safety of measurement construction.
  • the packer adopts a double-layer structure.
  • the inner airbag A1 has a large hardness to withstand high-pressure gas and maintain the set shape of the airbag.
  • the outer airbag A2 has a lower hardness. When coal and rock particles are present on the uneven inner wall of the borehole, the outer airbag A2 The deformation occurs to wrap the coal particles, so that the outer airbag A2 closely fits with the inner wall of the borehole, and the air tightness between the airbag and the inner wall of the borehole is improved.
  • the gas injection pipeline 41 and the measurement pipeline 42 are both located inside the support casing 1 to avoid damage to the gas injection pipeline 41 and the measurement pipeline 42 during the measurement construction process.
  • the gas injection pipeline 41 is respectively connected with a first gas injection branch pipeline 411, a second gas injection branch pipeline 412, a third gas injection branch pipeline 413, and a fourth gas injection branch pipeline 414.
  • Each gas injection branch pipeline (the first gas injection branch pipeline 411, the second gas injection branch pipeline 412, the third gas injection branch pipeline 413, and the fourth gas injection branch pipeline 414) are located inside the support sleeve 1 to avoid each injection The air branch pipeline was damaged during the measurement construction.
  • the supporting casing 1 is provided with gas injection holes at the positions around each packer (left main packer 21, right main packer 22, left secondary packer 23 and right secondary packer 24), and gas injection branch pipes
  • the end of the road is connected to the gas injection hole.
  • the end of the first gas injection branch pipeline 411 is connected to the gas injection hole at the position of the left main packer 21, the end of the second gas injection branch pipeline 412 is connected to the right main packer 22, and the third gas injection branch pipeline 413
  • the end of the left secondary packer 23 is connected, and the end of the fourth air injection branch pipeline 414 is connected to the right secondary packer 24.
  • the supporting casing 1 is provided with a measuring hole at a position between the left main packer 21 and the right main packer 22, and the other end of the measuring pipe 42 is connected to the measuring hole.
  • a first pressure sensor 71 is provided on the gas injection pipeline 41 and inside the first valve 51, a second pressure sensor 72 is provided between the left secondary packer 23 and the left main packer 21, and the right secondary packer 24 A third pressure sensor 73 is provided between the left main packer and the right main packer 22, and a fourth pressure sensor 74 is provided between the left main packer 21 and the right main packer 22.
  • the positions between the packers 22 are provided with sensor detection holes.
  • the second pressure sensor 72, the third pressure sensor 73 and the fourth pressure sensor 74 are assembled in the sensor detection hole, and the detection parts of the second pressure sensor 72, the third pressure sensor 73 and the fourth pressure sensor 74 are located outside the support sleeve 1 .
  • the first function of the first pressure sensor 71 is to determine when inflating each packer (the left main packer 21, the right main packer 22, the left secondary packer 23 and the right secondary packer 24) Whether the pressure in each packer reaches the set pressure value, so that each packer fits closely with the borehole to ensure tightness, and prevents each packer from bursting due to excessive inflation pressure; the second The function is to detect the pressure stability (drop) in the packer during the measurement construction after the completion of the inflation of each packer, and determine whether the contact surface between the packer and the borehole is leaking, so as to analyze the packing Whether the tightness of the device and the drill hole meets the requirements. In addition, if a certain separator ruptures, the pressure reading of the first pressure sensor 71 will drop rapidly, and the measurement becomes invalid.
  • the second pressure sensor 72 detects the pressure change in the left detection enclosed space
  • the third pressure sensor 73 detects the pressure change in the right detection enclosed space.
  • the second pressure sensor 72 and the third pressure sensor 73 detect and measure the tightness of the enclosed space.
  • the pressure in the left detection enclosed space will increase; when the right main packer 22 and the borehole Air leakage occurs on the contact surface between the two, and when the gas is continuously injected into the measurement enclosed space, the pressure in the right detection enclosed space will increase.
  • the left secondary packer 23 and the right secondary packer 24 achieve secondary sealing, reducing the gas leakage in the enclosed space of the measurement.
  • the second high-pressure gas cylinder 32 is used to inject high-pressure gas into the measurement enclosed space through the measuring pipeline 42, and the fourth pressure sensor 74 detects and measures the pressure change in the measurement enclosed space.
  • the data recorder 8 signally connects the first pressure sensor 71, the second pressure sensor 72, the third pressure sensor 73 and the fourth pressure sensor 74 respectively.
  • the data recorder 8 is a computer, and the data recorder 8 is respectively connected to the first pressure sensor 71, the second pressure sensor 72, the third pressure sensor 73 and the fourth pressure sensor 74 via a signal cable.
  • the signal cable connecting the second pressure sensor 72, the third pressure sensor 73 and the fourth pressure sensor 74 is located inside the support sleeve 1 to avoid damage to the signal cable during the measurement construction process.
  • the data logger 8 reads and records the pressure data of each pressure sensor in real time.
  • This embodiment also provides an in-situ measurement method for coal seam permeability.
  • the airless paint spraying method includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Use bedding drilling, drill holes along the coal seam and clean the cuttings in the drilling;
  • Step 2 Send the support casing 1 and the packers on it to a set position in the borehole through the guide rod;
  • Step 3 Open the first valve 51, inflate each packer through the gas injection line 41 through the first high-pressure gas cylinder 31, and then close the first pressure gauge 61 and the data recorder 8 to observe the pressure to the set value.
  • Step 4 Open the second valve 52, pass the second high-pressure gas cylinder 32 through the measuring pipe 42 to the left main packer 21, the right main packer 22, the outer wall of the support casing 1 and the inner wall of the borehole to form a measurement seal. Inject air into the space, and close the second valve 52 after the pressure detected by the fourth pressure sensor 74 by the data logger 8 reaches the set value and remain stable, and the data logger 8 continues to detect the pressure drop by the fourth pressure sensor 74 until it is stable and stop measurement;
  • step 3 and step 4 the data logger 8 detects air leaks in the enclosed space through the first pressure sensor 71, the second pressure sensor 72 and the third pressure sensor 73. If there is a leak, the measurement is invalid and needs to be restarted. measuring;
  • Step 5 After stopping the measurement, open the exhaust valve 53, and deflate the high-pressure gas in each packer through the exhaust pipe 43. After the deflation is completed, close the exhaust valve 53, repeat steps 2 to 4, and measure the drill. Data required for calculation of coal seam permeability coefficient at other set positions in the hole;
  • a is a constant, which is determined by the drilling length and the drilling radius; b is the slope of the linear function after coordinate transformation; L is the borehole length, m; r b is the borehole radius, m; V t pressure measurement interval volume, m3; P t is the borehole gas pressure at time t, MPa; P 0 is the original gas pressure of the coal seam, MPa; P s is the gas pressure in the standard state, taking 0.1, Mpa.
  • the method for in-situ measurement of coal seam permeability of this embodiment applies the mobile fast coal and rock permeability measuring instrument of this embodiment, and adopts the method of "beam drilling + mobile fast air permeability measuring instrument + gas injection" to realize coal seam
  • the intensive, fast and accurate measurement of the air permeability coefficient has been verified and compared with other more complex measurement methods, the measurement results are basically the same.

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Abstract

一种移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，属于煤岩透气性测量技术领域，包括支撑套管（1）、左主封隔器（21）、右主封隔器（22）、左次封隔器（23）、右次封隔器（24）、第一高压气瓶（31）、第二高压气瓶（32）和数据记录仪（4）。该移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪可反复多次使用，使用寿命长；测量操作简单，可以在一个钻孔内实施多点、快速测量，测量时间一般为10至30分钟，测量时间短，只需要将各封隔器（21、22、23、24）放气即可实现测量点的切换，测量点切换速度快，测量过程对封隔器（21、22、23、24）与钻孔内壁间的气密性实时检测，确保测量数据准确，实现对煤层透气性系数的密集、快速、准确测量。

Description

移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪 技术领域
本发明涉及煤岩透气性测量技术领域，特别是涉及一种移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪。
 背景技术
煤层透气性系数是反映瓦斯在煤层中流动难易程度的数值指标，是进行瓦斯抽放设计、瓦斯流动模拟分析、衡量煤与瓦斯突出危险性的重要参数，也是评价增透效果最直接的技术指标。煤层透气性有实验室测定法和原位（现场）测定法。由于受煤体内裂隙分布、应力、水分、温度以及取样、加工和分析过程的影响，实验室得到的煤样透气性系数与原始煤层的透气性系数相关性较差，所以实验室测定的结果通常作为现场测量的替代品用于模型验证等，而原位测定的结果作为实际运用的煤层透气性系数。
 技术问题
随着煤层透气性在瓦斯灾害预测防治及煤层气开发领域等应用的多样化，对快速、准确测定煤层透气性系数的需求越来越多，过去用一个点的透气性系数代表一个区域或一个煤层的透气性，现在抽放、消突、驱替等效果的精准评价则需要测定透气性分布，显然传统的测定方法已不能满足这样的要求，主要表现在：（1）测定效率低，一个钻孔只能测定一个点；（2）测定时间长，一般需要三周以上；（3）缺少快速测定的方法及其理论支持。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于提供一种移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，实现对煤岩的煤层透气性系数的密集、快速、准确测量。
本发明提供一种移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，包括支撑套管、左主封隔器、右主封隔器、左次封隔器、右次封隔器、第一高压气瓶、第二高压气瓶和数据记录仪；
支撑套管上设置左主封隔器和右主封隔器，左主封隔器和右主封隔器均环绕支撑套管布置，左主封隔器和右主封隔器之间留有间距；
支撑套管上于左主封隔器的外侧设置左次封隔器，支撑套管上于右主封隔器的外侧设置右次封隔器，左次封隔器和右次封隔器均环绕支撑套管布置，左次封隔器和左主封隔器之间留有间距，右次封隔器和右主封隔器之间留有间距；
第一高压气瓶经注气管路分别连接左次封隔器、左主封隔器、右主封隔器和右次封隔器，注气管路上设置有第一阀门，注气管路上且于第一阀门的外侧设置有第一压力表，注气管路上且于第一阀门的内侧连接有排气管路，排气管路上设置有排气阀；
第二高压气瓶连接测量管路的一端，测量管路的另一端位于左主封隔器和右主封隔器之间，测量管路上设置有第二压力表和第二阀门；
注气管路上且于第一阀门的内侧设置有第一压力传感器，左次封隔器和左主封隔器之间设置有第二压力传感器，右次封隔器和右主封隔器之间设置有第三压力传感器，左主封隔器和右主封隔器之间设置有第四压力传感器，数据记录仪分别信号连接第一压力传感器、第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器和第四压力传感器。
进一步地，各封隔器均设置为气囊，气囊包括由内向外层叠设置的内气囊和外气囊，所述内气囊环绕支撑套管布置，所述外气囊环绕内气囊布置。
进一步地，所述内气囊由材料A制成，所述外气囊由材料B制成，材料A的硬度大于材料B的硬度。
进一步地，注气管路和测量管路均位于所述支撑套管的内部。
进一步地，注气管路分别连接有第一注气支管路、第二注气支管路、第三注气支管路和第四注气支管路，各注气支管路位于所述支撑套管的内部，支撑套管于各封隔器环绕的位置均开设有注气孔，注气支管路的末端连接所述注气孔；支撑套管于左主封隔器和右主封隔器之间的位置开设有测量孔，测量管路的另一端连接所述测量孔。
进一步地，数据记录仪分别经信号电缆连接第一压力传感器、第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器和第四压力传感器，连接第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器和第四压力传感器的信号电缆位于所述支撑套管的内部。
进一步地，支撑套管于左次封隔器和左主封隔器之间的位置、右次封隔器和右主封隔器之间的位置以及左主封隔器和右主封隔器之间的位置均开设有传感器探测孔，第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器和第四压力传感器装配于传感器探测孔，第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器和第四压力传感器的探测部位于所述支撑套管的外部。
进一步地，移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪还包括导杆，所述导杆连接所述支撑套管。
进一步地，所述数据记录仪为计算机。
进一步地，第一高压气瓶和第二高压气瓶内填充的高压气体为氮气。
 有益效果
本发明的移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，可反复多次使用，使用寿命长；测量操作简单，可以在一个钻孔内实施多点、快速测量，测量时间一般为10至30分钟，测量时间短，只需要通过排气阀将各封隔器放气即可实现测量点的切换，测量点切换速度快，测量过程对封隔器与钻孔内壁间的气密性实时检测，确保测量数据准确，实现对煤层透气性系数的密集、快速、准确测量。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪的结构示意图；
图2为图1中C-C剖面图；
图3为实施例移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪中封隔器的结构示意图；
图4为测量封闭空间内压力-时间曲线图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文的本发明的移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，将以较佳实施例，配合所附相关附图，作详细说明。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
如图1至图3所示，本实施例提供一种移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，包括支撑套管1、左主封隔器21、右主封隔器22、左次封隔器23、右次封隔器24、第一高压气瓶31、第二高压气瓶32、数据记录仪4和导杆等部件。
导杆连接支撑套管1，通过导杆将支撑套管1及其上的各封隔器送至钻孔内的设定位置。
支撑套管1上的中间位置设置左主封隔器21和右主封隔器22，左主封隔器21和右主封隔器22均环绕支撑套管1布置，左主封隔器21和右主封隔器22之间留有间距。
第一高压气瓶31和第二高压气瓶32内填充的高压气体为无毒无害的氮气。
第一高压气瓶31内高压气体经注气管路41使左主封隔器21、右主封隔器22充气膨胀，膨胀的左主封隔器21、右主封隔器22与钻孔紧密贴合。左主封隔器21、右主封隔器22、支撑套管1外壁以及钻孔内壁共同围成测量封闭空间。
支撑套管1上于左主封隔器21的外侧设置左次封隔器23，支撑套管1上于右主封隔器22的外侧设置右次封隔器24，左次封隔器23和右次封隔器24均环绕支撑套管1布置。左次封隔器23和左主封隔器21之间留有间距，右次封隔器24和右主封隔器22之间留有间距。
第一高压气瓶31内高压气体经注气管路41使左次封隔器23充气膨胀，膨胀的左次封隔器23、左主封隔器21与钻孔紧密贴合。左次封隔器23、左主封隔器21、支撑套管1外壁以及钻孔内壁共同围成左检测封闭空间。
第一高压气瓶31内高压气体经注气管路41使右次封隔器24充气膨胀，膨胀的右次封隔器24、右主封隔器22与钻孔紧密贴合。右次封隔器24、右主封隔器22、支撑套管1外壁以及钻孔内壁共同围成右检测封闭空间。
第一高压气瓶31经注气管路41分别连接左次封隔器23、左主封隔器21、右主封隔器22和右次封隔器24。注气管路41上设置有第一阀门51，注气管路41上且于第一阀门51的外侧设置有第一压力表61。根据第一压力表61的压力读数，操作人员通过第一阀门51控制向封隔器注气速率。
注气管路41上且于第一阀门51的内侧连接有排气管路43，排气管路43上设置有排气阀53。通过排气阀53可以将各封隔器内高压气体通过排气管路43放气，以实现测量点的切换。
第二高压气瓶32连接测量管路42的一端，测量管路42的另一端位于左主封隔器21和右主封隔器22之间，测量管路42上设置有第二压力表62和第二阀门52。第二高压气瓶32内的高压气体经测量管路42注入测量封闭空间内。根据第二压力表62的压力读数，操作人员通过第二阀门52控制向测量封闭空间的注气速率。
上述各封隔器（左主封隔器21、右主封隔器22、左次封隔器23和右次封隔器24）均设置为气囊，气囊包括由内向外层叠设置的内气囊A1和外气囊A2，内气囊A1环绕支撑套管1布置，外气囊A2环绕内气囊A1布置。其中，内气囊A1由材料A制成，外气囊A2由材料B制成，材料A的硬度大于材料B的硬度。
封隔器采用气囊，与水囊相比，气囊的膨胀和收缩速度快，提高了测量的效率。注入的气体为氮气，为无毒无害气体，保证了测量施工的安全。封隔器采用双层结构，内气囊A1的硬度较大，以承受高压气体且保持气囊设定的形状，外气囊A2的硬度较小，钻孔内壁不平整存在煤岩颗粒时，外气囊A2发生变形以包裹煤岩颗粒，使外气囊A2与钻孔内壁紧密贴合，提高了气囊与钻孔内壁之间的气密性。
本实施例中，注气管路41和测量管路42均位于支撑套管1的内部，以避免注气管路41和测量管路42在测量施工过程中受损。注气管路41分别连接有第一注气支管路411、第二注气支管路412、第三注气支管路413和第四注气支管路414。各注气支管路（第一注气支管路411、第二注气支管路412、第三注气支管路413和第四注气支管路414）位于支撑套管1的内部，以避免各注气支管路在测量施工过程中受损。支撑套管1于各封隔器（左主封隔器21、右主封隔器22、左次封隔器23和右次封隔器24）环绕的位置均开设有注气孔，注气支管路的末端连接注气孔。具体的，第一注气支管路411的末端连接左主封隔器21位置处的注气孔，第二注气支管路412的末端连接右主封隔器22，第三注气支管路413的末端连接左次封隔器23，第四注气支管路414的末端连接右次封隔器24。支撑套管1于左主封隔器21和右主封隔器22之间的位置开设有测量孔，测量管路42的另一端连接测量孔。
注气管路41上且于第一阀门51的内侧设置有第一压力传感器71，左次封隔器23和左主封隔器21之间设置有第二压力传感器72，右次封隔器24和右主封隔器22之间设置有第三压力传感器73，左主封隔器21和右主封隔器22之间设置有第四压力传感器74。
支撑套管1于左次封隔器23和左主封隔器21之间的位置、右次封隔器24和右主封隔器22之间的位置以及左主封隔器21和右主封隔器22之间的位置均开设有传感器探测孔。第二压力传感器72、第三压力传感器73和第四压力传感器74装配于传感器探测孔，第二压力传感器72、第三压力传感器73和第四压力传感器74的探测部位于支撑套管1的外部。
第一压力传感器71其第一个作用是在向各封隔器（左主封隔器21、右主封隔器22、左次封隔器23和右次封隔器24）充气时，确定各封隔器内的压力是否达到设定压力值，以使各封隔器与钻孔紧密贴合确保密封性，又不致于各封隔器因充气压力过大使封隔器爆裂；第二个作用是，在对各封隔器充气完成后，检测在测量施工过程中封隔器内的压力稳定（下降）情况，确定封隔器与钻孔之间接触面是否漏气，以分析封隔器与钻孔的密封性是否符合要求。此外，若某一封隔器发生破裂，第一压力传感器71的压力读数会快速下降，则测量失效。
即使封隔器内充入高压气体达到足够压力，但由于钻孔内壁局部位置不平整，不能确保左主封隔器21、右主封隔器22与钻孔之间的接触面不发生漏气。第二压力传感器72检测左检测封闭空间内的压力变化，第三压力传感器73检测右检测封闭空间内的压力变化。通过第二压力传感器72、第三压力传感器73来检测测量封闭空间的密封性。比如，当左主封隔器21与钻孔之间的接触面发生漏气，继续向测量封闭空间注气时，左检测封闭空间的压力会升高；当右主封隔器22与钻孔之间的接触面发生漏气，继续向测量封闭空间注气时，右检测封闭空间的压力会升高。此外，在初始向测量封闭空间内注气时，若左主封隔器21、右主封隔器22与钻孔之间的接触面存在少许泄漏（不影响测量）。此时，左次封隔器23和右次封隔器24实现了二次密封，减少测量封闭空间的气体泄漏。
通过第二高压气瓶32经测量管路42向测量封闭空间内注入高压气体，第四压力传感器74检测测量封闭空间内的压力变化。
数据记录仪8分别信号连接第一压力传感器71、第二压力传感器72、第三压力传感器73和第四压力传感器74。本实施例中数据记录仪8为计算机，数据记录仪8分别经信号电缆连接第一压力传感器71、第二压力传感器72、第三压力传感器73和第四压力传感器74。连接第二压力传感器72、第三压力传感器73和第四压力传感器74的信号电缆位于支撑套管1的内部，避免信号电缆在测量施工过程中受损。
数据记录仪8实时读取、记录各压力传感器的压力数据。
本实施例还提供一种煤层透气性原位测量方法，应用本实施例上述的移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，涂料无气喷涂方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一、采用顺层钻孔，沿煤层打钻孔并清洗钻孔内岩屑；
步骤二、通过导杆将支撑套管1及其上的各封隔器送至钻孔内的一个设定位置；
步骤三、打开第一阀门51，通过第一高压气瓶31经注气管路41对各封隔器充气使膨胀，通过第一压力表61、数据记录仪8观察压力至设定数值后关闭第一阀门51；
步骤四、打开第二阀门52，通过第二高压气瓶32经测量管路42向左主封隔器21、右主封隔器22、支撑套管1外壁以及钻孔内壁共同围成测量封闭空间注气，待数据记录仪8经第四压力传感器74检测压力达到设定数值保持稳定后关闭第二阀门52，数据记录仪8持续经第四压力传感器74检测压力下降到稳定停止测量；
在步骤三和步骤四过程中，数据记录仪8经第一压力传感器71、第二压力传感器72和第三压力传感器73检测测量封闭空间的是否漏气，若存在漏气则测量失效，需重新测量；
步骤五、停止测量后，打开排气阀53，将各封隔器内高压气体通过排气管路43放气，待放气完毕后关闭排气阀53，重复步骤二至步骤四，测量钻孔内的其他设定位置处煤层透气性系数计算所需数据；
步骤六、由数据记录仪8记录测量封闭空间内压力-时间曲线，如图4所示，对压力-时间曲线以
Figure dest_path_image001
为纵坐标、测量时间 t为横纵坐标进行坐标变换，求坐标变换后一次函数的斜率 b，则煤层透气性系数 k计算如下， k=ab V t / P 0 ；
其中， a为常数，由钻孔长度和钻孔半径决定；
Figure 43499dest_path_image002
b为坐标变换后一次函数的斜率； L为钻孔长度，m； r b 为钻孔半径，m； V t 测压区间体积，m³； P t 为时间 t时的钻孔瓦斯压力，MPa； P 0 为煤层原始瓦斯压力，MPa； P s 为标准状态的瓦斯压力，取0.1，Mpa。
本实施例的煤层透气性原位测量方法应用本实施例的移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，采用“顺层钻孔+移动式快速透气性测量仪+注气”的方式，实现对煤层透气性系数的密集、快速、准确测量，通过验证，与其他较复杂测量方法相比，测量结果基本一致。
当然，上述说明并非是对本发明的限制，本发明也并不仅限于上述举例，本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换，也应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，其特征在于：包括支撑套管、左主封隔器、右主封隔器、左次封隔器、右次封隔器、第一高压气瓶、第二高压气瓶和数据记录仪；
    支撑套管上设置左主封隔器和右主封隔器，左主封隔器和右主封隔器均环绕支撑套管布置，左主封隔器和右主封隔器之间留有间距；
    支撑套管上于左主封隔器的外侧设置左次封隔器，支撑套管上于右主封隔器的外侧设置右次封隔器，左次封隔器和右次封隔器均环绕支撑套管布置，左次封隔器和左主封隔器之间留有间距，右次封隔器和右主封隔器之间留有间距；
    第一高压气瓶经注气管路分别连接左次封隔器、左主封隔器、右主封隔器和右次封隔器，注气管路上设置有第一阀门，注气管路上且于第一阀门的外侧设置有第一压力表，注气管路上且于第一阀门的内侧连接有排气管路，排气管路上设置有排气阀；
    第二高压气瓶连接测量管路的一端，测量管路的另一端位于左主封隔器和右主封隔器之间，测量管路上设置有第二压力表和第二阀门；
    注气管路上且于第一阀门的内侧设置有第一压力传感器，左次封隔器和左主封隔器之间设置有第二压力传感器，右次封隔器和右主封隔器之间设置有第三压力传感器，左主封隔器和右主封隔器之间设置有第四压力传感器，数据记录仪分别信号连接第一压力传感器、第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器和第四压力传感器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，其特征在于：各封隔器均设置为气囊，气囊包括由内向外层叠设置的内气囊和外气囊，所述内气囊环绕支撑套管布置，所述外气囊环绕内气囊布置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，其特征在于：所述内气囊由材料A制成，所述外气囊由材料B制成，材料A的硬度大于材料B的硬度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，其特征在于：注气管路和测量管路均位于所述支撑套管的内部。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，其特征在于：注气管路分别连接有第一注气支管路、第二注气支管路、第三注气支管路和第四注气支管路，各注气支管路位于所述支撑套管的内部，支撑套管于各封隔器环绕的位置均开设有注气孔，注气支管路的末端连接所述注气孔；支撑套管于左主封隔器和右主封隔器之间的位置开设有测量孔，测量管路的另一端连接所述测量孔。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，其特征在于：数据记录仪分别经信号电缆连接第一压力传感器、第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器和第四压力传感器，连接第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器和第四压力传感器的信号电缆位于所述支撑套管的内部。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，其特征在于：支撑套管于左次封隔器和左主封隔器之间的位置、右次封隔器和右主封隔器之间的位置以及左主封隔器和右主封隔器之间的位置均开设有传感器探测孔，第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器和第四压力传感器装配于传感器探测孔，第二压力传感器、第三压力传感器和第四压力传感器的探测部位于所述支撑套管的外部。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，其特征在于：移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪还包括导杆，所述导杆连接所述支撑套管。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，其特征在于：所述数据记录仪为计算机。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的移动式快速煤岩透气性测量仪，其特征在于：第一高压气瓶和第二高压气瓶内填充的高压气体为氮气。
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