WO2021103222A1 - 可再溶散的砂浆固结体及其制备方法以及砂浆产品和应用 - Google Patents

可再溶散的砂浆固结体及其制备方法以及砂浆产品和应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021103222A1
WO2021103222A1 PCT/CN2019/126962 CN2019126962W WO2021103222A1 WO 2021103222 A1 WO2021103222 A1 WO 2021103222A1 CN 2019126962 W CN2019126962 W CN 2019126962W WO 2021103222 A1 WO2021103222 A1 WO 2021103222A1
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Prior art keywords
mortar
dissolvable
soluble
weight
content
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PCT/CN2019/126962
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
迟碧川
罗文斌
王新平
陈伯如
郑阳
商宇飞
Original Assignee
中国建筑标准设计研究院有限公司
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Priority to EP19954403.2A priority Critical patent/EP4029844B1/en
Publication of WO2021103222A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021103222A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
    • C04B18/028—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates temporarily agglomerated, e.g. agglomerates which fall apart during mixing with the other mortar or concrete ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
    • C04B28/065—Calcium aluminosulfate cements, e.g. cements hydrating into ettringite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
    • C04B40/0608—Dry ready-made mixtures, e.g. mortars at which only water or a water solution has to be added before use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
    • C04B40/0608—Dry ready-made mixtures, e.g. mortars at which only water or a water solution has to be added before use
    • C04B40/0616—Dry ready-made mixtures, e.g. mortars at which only water or a water solution has to be added before use preformed, e.g. bandages
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of construction mortar, in particular to a re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body, a preparation method thereof, and various mortar products and applications.
  • Dry-mix mortar is one of the materials most used in construction projects.
  • the dry powder product form causes two main problems in the application of dry mixed mortar: one is serious dust pollution when adding water and mixing at the construction site, and the other is the discrete product form and large raw material density difference.
  • the components are easy to segregate, the distribution is uneven, and the product quality is unstable.
  • An existing solution to the above-mentioned problems is to make mortar by hot-melt molding.
  • the dry-mixed mortar material is mixed with hot-melt binder powder, the hot-melt binder is melted by heating, and then cooled to make the binder Curing, so that the components of the dry powder containing the binder are consolidated into one body by means of the binder.
  • the sheet-shaped mortar is formed by pressing. After being transported to the construction site, it can be watered to melt into a wet slurry state, and the same construction work as the traditional mortar can be carried out.
  • the solution effectively solves the problems of dust pollution and unstable quality by changing the shape of the mortar product (from powder to sheet).
  • the hardened mortar has poor physical and mechanical properties.
  • the high content of lightweight aggregates results in lower mechanical strength of the mortar mixture formed by water-melting after hardening again.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the existing hot-melt mortar, and to provide a re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body, a preparation method thereof, and a mortar product and application.
  • the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body has the characteristics of small dissolution time limit, good construction fluidity and high strength.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body, including: hydraulic inorganic cementitious materials, aggregates, soluble binders, and optionally at least one option Self-admixtures, additives and additional components of fibers, the soluble binder binds the hydraulic inorganic cementing material, aggregates and additional components into a whole; wherein, the mortar consolidation Based on the total weight, in the mortar consolidation body, the content of the soluble binder is greater than 0wt% and not greater than 1.5wt%; the soluble binder is soluble in water and soluble in ketones, An organic solvent of at least one of alcohols, amines, amides, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, nitriles, ethers, aldehydes, sulfones, phenols, and ester solvents.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body, including:
  • the dry powder material comprises hydraulic inorganic cementitious material, aggregate, soluble binder, and optionally at least one additional component selected from admixtures, additives and fibers, and the soluble binder dissolves In the organic solvent and bonding the hydraulic inorganic cementing material, aggregate and additional components into a whole;
  • the content of the soluble binder in the dry powder is greater than 0 wt% and not greater than 1.5 wt%; the soluble binder is soluble in water; the organic solvent is selected from At least one of ketones, alcohols, amines, amides, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, nitriles, ethers, aldehydes, sulfones, phenols and esters organic solvents.
  • the third aspect of the present invention provides a re-dissolvable mortar consolidated body prepared by the method of the present invention.
  • the fourth aspect of the present invention provides a mortar sheet, comprising a support body and the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body provided by the present invention wrapping the support body, the support body is glass fiber mesh, plastic mesh and metal mesh At least one of them.
  • the fifth aspect of the present invention provides an application method of the mortar sheet of the present invention, including: spraying and moistening the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body on one side of the mortar sheet and pasting it on the working surface;
  • the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body on one side is sprayed with water and all melted; other materials are laid on the surface of the melted mortar consolidation body and hardened and bonded; wherein, the other materials are mortar, blocks, bricks , At least one of ceramic tiles, stone, board, wallpaper, paint, heat preservation material or waterproof material.
  • the sixth aspect of the present invention provides a mortar building material, including a substrate, and the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation provided by the present invention combined with the substrate, and the substrate is a block, a brick, a ceramic Brick, stone, board, wallpaper, coating film, insulation material or waterproof material.
  • the seventh aspect of the present invention provides an application method of the mortar building material provided by the present invention, which includes: spraying water to the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body included in the mortar building material to melt, and then directly stick it on the working surface and harden it.
  • the eighth aspect of the present invention provides a mortar particle obtained by granulating the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation provided by the present invention, and the shape of the mortar particle is spherical, ellipsoidal, cubic, or cylindrical. Or cone, the maximum geometric diameter of the particles is 1mm-100mm.
  • the ninth aspect of the present invention provides an application method of the mortar particles provided by the present invention, comprising: dissolving the mortar particles in water to form a slurry, applying the slurry to a working surface, and directly hardening or bonding other materials. hardening.
  • the present invention provides a re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body.
  • the consolidated body can be dissolved into a viscous wet mortar with adhesive function when water is added during construction, and the hardening and bonding of the mortar can be achieved by subsequent conventional construction methods.
  • the present invention provides a re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body prepared by a solvent molding method. Due to better wettability and less soluble binder content, the product manufacturing cost is greatly reduced; at the same time, due to the "wrapped mortar material" "The film” is thinner, the mortar consolidation body deconstructs more quickly when it meets with water, has a faster dissolution rate and a shorter dissolution time limit, which can greatly improve the construction efficiency.
  • the mortar consolidation body provided by the present invention does not contain light aggregates, and the slurry formed after the mortar consolidation body is dissolved in water has better fluidity and cohesiveness, and has better workability. It has a more reliable bonding effect; at the same time, the hardened mortar has better mechanical strength.
  • the mortar consolidation body provided by the present invention can be pre-made into a variety of mortar products, such as flake, strip, block, granular or other irregular shape products, according to the needs of application scenarios, and can also be combined with blocks, tiles, and plates. , Insulation materials, waterproof materials, etc. are pre-composited into an integrated product. After the mortar product is transported to the construction site, the mortar consolidation contained therein is sprayed with water. The mortar consolidation dissolves into wet mortar. Workers can directly perform bonding, masonry, and laying operations, eliminating the need for traditional Stirring and screeding process during mortar construction.
  • the mortar consolidation provided by the present invention does not have the dry powder adding water and stirring link during application, which completely eliminates the occurrence of dust pollution; at the same time, the product form of the consolidation prevents the material components from segregating, and the components are uniform. And the product quality stability is greatly improved; and, the standardized size of prefabrication can effectively avoid the common quality problems such as less coating, missing coating, and uneven thickness of the mortar that are easy to exist in the traditional manual mortar application construction method, which can significantly improve the quality of the project.
  • the mortar consolidated body provided by the present invention can also be flexibly cut on site according to use needs, has almost no construction waste residue, and is extremely clean and environmentally friendly.
  • solvent molding means that the soluble binder is dissolved by adding an organic solvent, the components in the sand slurry are bonded by the soluble binder, and then the organic solvent is removed to make each component Consolidation into one molding method.
  • Soluble binder refers to a binder that can be dissolved in liquid water, especially water at 5°C to 40°C, and can be dissolved in a selected organic solvent.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body, comprising: hydraulic inorganic cementitious materials, aggregates, soluble binders, and optionally at least one selected from admixtures and additives And additional components of fibers, the soluble binder bonds the hydraulic inorganic cementing material, aggregate and additional components into one body;
  • the content of the soluble binder is greater than 0 wt% and not greater than 1.5 wt%; the soluble binder is soluble Water and soluble in at least selected from ketones, alcohols, amines, amides, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, nitriles, ethers, aldehydes, sulfones, phenols and ester solvents An organic solvent.
  • the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body provided by the present invention can utilize the solubility of a soluble binder and an organic solvent to bond the components of the mortar consolidation body into a whole; then the consolidation body meets water again When the soluble binder is dissolved in the water again, and the hydraulic inorganic cementitious material contained in the consolidated body reacts with water, the consolidated body transforms into a wet mortar, which can be used for conventional mortar construction.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention provide, preferably, based on the total weight of the mortar consolidation body, in the mortar consolidation body, the content of the hydraulic inorganic cementitious material is 10-70wt%, and the The aggregate content is 15-88wt%, the soluble binder content is 0.2-1.5wt%, the admixture content is 0-40wt%, the additive content is 0-10wt%, and the The content of the fiber is 0-6wt%.
  • the content of the hydraulic inorganic cementing material is 15-45 wt%
  • the content of the aggregate is 45-75 wt%
  • the content of the soluble binder is 0.4-1.2 wt%
  • the admixture The content of is 5-30wt%
  • the content of the additive is 0.2-6wt%
  • the content of the fiber is 0-3wt%.
  • the mortar consolidation body can dissolve again to form a wet slurry with the same adhesive function as traditional mortar.
  • the soluble binder is selected from at least one of xanthan gum, acetate starch, starch ether, and synthetic water-soluble polymer; preferably, it is a synthetic water-soluble polymer.
  • the starch ether is selected from at least one of hydroxymethyl starch, hydroxyethyl starch, and hydroxypropyl starch;
  • the synthetic water-soluble polymer is selected from polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and polyacrylamide , Polyvinyl formamide, polymaleic anhydride, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid (salt), polymethacrylic acid (salt), polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride, polyethylene Alcohol-based copolymers, polyethylene glycol-based copolymers, acrylamide-based copolymers, vinylformamide-based copolymers, maleic anhydride-based copolymers, N-vinylpyrrolidone-based copolymers, acrylic acid (salt)-based copolymers, One or more of methacrylic acid (salt)-based copolymers and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride-based copolymers.
  • the average molecular weight of the synthetic water-soluble polymer is 4000-400000, preferably polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl formamide, polymaleic anhydride, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene Pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid (salt), polymethacrylic acid (salt), polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride.
  • the soluble binder can be dissolved in the organic solvent, and the formed organic solution wets the other components in the mortar consolidation body. The organic solvent can be removed by drying, and the soluble binder strengthens the other components. The bonding as one.
  • the network structure formed by the water-soluble binder disintegrates, dissolving the mortar consolidation body to form a wet slurry.
  • the content of the soluble binder is too low, which will cause the mortar consolidation body to be unable to form or have low hardness and easy to break; if the content is too high, the formed mortar consolidation body will melt slowly when exposed to water , Reduce construction efficiency.
  • polyacrylic acid (salt) means polyacrylic acid or polyacrylate, and others are the same.
  • the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of acetone, butanone, pentanone, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, 3-methyl-2-butanone, 2-pyrrolidone, N- Methylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, pentanol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol , Glycerol, butanediol, diethylene glycol, diacetone alcohol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, polyethylene glycol 400, 2,2'-thiodiethanol, 2-Amino-2-methylpropanol, acetaldehyde dimethylacetal, but
  • the organic solvent can dissolve the soluble binder under normal temperature or heating conditions, so that the soluble binder can be adsorbed on the other components of the mortar consolidation body in the state of small molecular chains. Between the surface and the particles, a bonding network structure is formed.
  • the hydraulic inorganic cementing material is cement, which can be conventionally selected in the field, preferably general-purpose Portland cement, limestone Portland cement, steel slag Portland cement, Magnesium slag Portland cement, phosphorous slag Portland cement, white Portland cement, colored Portland cement, calcium sulfoaluminate modified Portland cement, sulfoaluminate cement, aluminate cement, iron aluminum At least one of salt cement, fluoroaluminate cement, phosphate cement, magnesium oxychloride cement, alumite cement, and alkali-activated cement; more preferably general-purpose Portland cement, sulfoaluminate cement, aluminate At least one of cement and ferro-aluminate cement.
  • cement which can be conventionally selected in the field, preferably general-purpose Portland cement, limestone Portland cement, steel slag Portland cement, Magnesium slag Portland cement, phosphorous slag Portland cement, white Portland cement, colored Portland cement, calcium sulfoaluminat
  • the aggregate (also called “aggregate”) is at least one of natural sand, machine-made sand and recycled aggregate.
  • the natural sand includes river sand, mountain sand, lake sand and desalinated sea sand;
  • the machine-made sand refers to artificial sand processed by sand making equipment using rocks, tailings, and industrial solid waste as raw materials; recycled aggregates It refers to particles that meet the requirements of fine mortar aggregates obtained from waste concrete and construction waste through processes such as crushing, cleaning, and sorting.
  • the density of the aggregate is greater than 2000 kg/m 3 .
  • the admixture can be a conventional choice in the field, preferably fly ash, slag powder, silica fume, zeolite powder, desulfurized gypsum, limestone powder, steel slag powder, phosphorous slag powder At least one of; more preferably, at least one of fly ash, slag powder, desulfurized gypsum, and limestone powder.
  • fly ash, slag powder, silica fume, zeolite powder, desulfurized gypsum, limestone powder, steel slag powder, phosphorous slag powder At least one of; more preferably, at least one of fly ash, slag powder, desulfurized gypsum, and limestone powder.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention provide, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of water-retaining agent, redispersible latex powder, water reducing agent, retarder, quick-setting agent, waterproofing agent, coupling agent, early strength agent, air-entraining agent , At least one of thixotropic lubricants, defoamers and dissolution-promoting powders.
  • the additive is selected from the group consisting of water-retaining agent, redispersible latex powder, water reducing agent, retarder, quick-setting agent, waterproofing agent, coupling agent, early strength agent, air-entraining agent , At least one of thixotropic lubricants, defoamers and dissolution-promoting powders.
  • the water retaining agent is selected from methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethyl sulfonate At least one of cellulose, carboxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and cyanoethyl cellulose. Preferably, it is methyl cellulose and/or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
  • the addition of the water-retaining agent can make the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation provided by the present invention have a higher water retention rate after being dissolved in water, and can avoid quality problems such as reduced workability and cracking after hardening caused by excessive moisture loss.
  • the content of the water retaining agent is 0-3 ⁇ , preferably 0.5-3 ⁇ .
  • redispersible latex powder can be a conventional choice in the field, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl chloride-vinyl laurate terpolymer, acetic acid Vinyl ester-ethylene-higher fatty acid vinyl ester terpolymer, vinyl acetate-higher fatty acid vinyl ester copolymer, acrylate-styrene copolymer, vinyl acetate-acrylate-higher fatty acid vinyl ester terpolymer, acetic acid At least one of vinyl ester homopolymer and styrene-butadiene copolymer, more preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl chloride-vinyl laurate terpolymer, vinyl acetate- At least one of ethylene-higher fatty acid vinyl ester terpolymer and vinyl acetate-acrylate-higher fatty acid vinyl ester terpolymer, acetic acid
  • the water reducing agent is selected from at least one of lignin water reducing agent, naphthalene water reducing agent, melamine water reducing agent and polycarboxylate water reducing agent, preferably
  • the polycarboxylate water reducing agent is more preferably an acrylic acid-isobutenyl polyoxyethylene ether water reducing agent.
  • the retarder can be a conventional choice in the art, preferably lignosulfonate, sugar calcium, gluconate, citric acid, citrate, tartaric acid, tartrate, At least one of hydroxycarboxylate, zinc salt, borate, and phosphate, more preferably at least one of lignosulfonate, sugar calcium, gluconate, citric acid, and tartaric acid.
  • the addition of the retarder can enable the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation provided by the present invention to prolong the setting and hardening time according to construction needs, maintain the plastic state for a longer time, and increase the construction time.
  • the accelerator can be a conventional choice in the field, preferably lithium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, sodium silicate, A mixture of one or more of potassium silicate, sodium aluminate, potassium aluminate, calcium aluminate and aluminum sulfate.
  • the addition of the quick-setting agent enables the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation provided by the present invention to shorten the setting and hardening time according to the construction needs and speed up the construction.
  • the water-repellent agent can be a conventional choice in the field, preferably at least one of potassium stearate, sodium stearate, calcium chloride, ferric chloride and silicone, More preferably, it is silicone.
  • the addition of the waterproofing agent can make the re-dissolvable mortar consolidated body provided by the present invention have good waterproof performance, and can meet relevant requirements when it is applied to mortar projects requiring waterproof, anti-seepage, and moisture-proof treatment.
  • the coupling agent is at least one of a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent, an aluminate coupling agent, a phosphate coupling agent, and a borate coupling agent
  • a silane coupling agent more preferably at least one of vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltris( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy)silane.
  • the addition of the coupling agent can make the combination of the inorganic matrix and the organic matrix in the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation raw material provided by the present invention stronger, and increase the strength and hardness of the mortar consolidation.
  • the early strength agent can be a conventional choice in the field, preferably sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium nitrite, calcium formate, bromine At least one of calcium chloride, calcium chloride, and triethanolamine, and more preferably at least one of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, calcium chloride, and triethanolamine.
  • the addition of the early strength agent can enable the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation provided by the present invention to have a faster hydration rate after encountering water, and have a higher early strength when hardened, which can meet the requirements of special projects for the early strength of mortar. Specific requirements.
  • the air-entraining agent can be a conventional choice in the field, preferably sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene At least one of oxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol sodium polyoxyethylene sulfonate, fatty alcohol sodium sulfate and alkylphenol ethylene oxide condensate, more preferably sodium dodecyl sulfonate, dodecyl benzene sulfonate Sodium.
  • the addition of the air-entraining agent can introduce a large number of tiny bubbles into the melted slurry of the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation provided by the present invention, improve the workability of the slurry, and improve the impermeability and frost resistance of the hardened mortar Sex.
  • the thixotropic lubricant can be a conventional choice in the field, and is preferably magnesium aluminum silicate.
  • the addition of the thixotropic lubricant can significantly improve the sag resistance of the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body provided by the present invention after melting, and can be used for facade construction such as wall plastering and wall tile pasting. Make the mortar stable and firmly attached to the working surface.
  • the defoaming agent can be a conventional choice in the art, preferably a silicone defoaming agent and/or a polyether defoaming agent.
  • a silicone defoaming agent preferably a silicone defoaming agent and/or a polyether defoaming agent.
  • Commercially available such as polydimethylsiloxane defoamer, GPE defoamer, GPES defoamer.
  • the introduction of the defoaming agent can reduce the excessive harmful bubbles in the slurry after the re-dissolvable mortar solidified body provided by the present invention is melted, and promote the hardened mortar to achieve the required compactness and mechanical strength.
  • dissolution-promoting powder is sodium carboxymethyl starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone and cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
  • dissolution-promoting powder can make the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation provided by the present invention have a faster dissolution and melting speed through the water expansion effect, and improve the construction efficiency.
  • the fiber can be a conventional choice in the field, preferably polypropylene fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyamide fiber, high-density polyethylene fiber, polyester fiber , At least one of aramid fiber, spandex fiber, glass fiber, cellulose fiber, carbon fiber and steel fiber, more preferably at least one of polyamide fiber, polyester fiber and glass fiber.
  • the addition of the fibers can form a three-dimensional network structure in the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body provided by the present invention, and provide the mortar consolidation body with good flexural strength and toughness.
  • the length of the fiber can be selected according to the specifications and dimensions of the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation provided by the present invention, preferably 1mm-12mm, more preferably 1.5mm-6mm .
  • the mortar consolidation body has the above composition to provide a faster dissolution rate when exposed to water, preferably, the dissolution time limit of the mortar consolidation body is 20s or less, preferably 5-20s. It can facilitate rapid construction at the construction site and improve construction efficiency.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention provide that when the mortar consolidation body has the above composition, the overall strength is improved, which helps to ensure the integrity of the mortar consolidation body during production, transportation and construction, and does not break .
  • the strength of the mortar consolidation body is 0.3 MPa or more, preferably 0.35-2 MPa.
  • the mortar consolidation body has the above composition, and the slurry formed after being dissolved in water can have better fluidity and cohesiveness.
  • the fluidity of the slurry formed by the mortar consolidation body being dissolved in water is 170-260 mm, preferably 180-240 mm.
  • the mortar consolidation body has the above composition, and forms a wet slurry after being dissolved in water, and the mortar hardened body obtained by hydration and hardening after construction has better mechanical strength .
  • the 28d compressive strength of the mortar hardened body obtained when the mortar solidified body meets water and hardens is 5MPa or more, preferably 7.5MPa or more; the 14d tensile bonding strength (with ordinary concrete base surface) is 0.4MPa Above, 0.6 MPa or more is preferable, and 0.7 MPa or more is more preferable.
  • the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body preferably includes: hydraulic inorganic cementing material 13-35wt based on the total weight of the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body %, aggregate 60-75wt%, soluble binder 0.4-1.2wt%, admixture 5-20wt%, additive 0.4-3wt% and the fiber 0-1.5wt%.
  • the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation includes: 15-35 wt% of general-purpose Portland cement, 65-75 wt% of natural sand or machine-made sand, and synthetic water-soluble polymer 0.4-1.2wt%, fly ash or desulfurized gypsum 5-20wt%, redispersible latex powder 0.2-3.5wt%, water retention agent 0.05-0.4wt%, polyamide fiber or polyester fiber or glass fiber 0-1.5wt %.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body, including:
  • the dry powder material comprises hydraulic inorganic cementitious material, aggregate, soluble binder, and optionally at least one additional component selected from admixtures, additives and fibers, and the soluble binder dissolves In the organic solvent and bonding the hydraulic inorganic cementing material, aggregate and additional components into a whole;
  • the content of the soluble binder in the dry powder is greater than 0 wt% and not greater than 1.5 wt%; the soluble binder is soluble in water; the organic solvent is selected from At least one of ketones, alcohols, amines, amides, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, nitriles, ethers, aldehydes, sulfones, phenols and esters organic solvents.
  • the present invention can provide the above-mentioned solvent molding method to prepare the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation provided by the present invention.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention provide that, preferably, based on the total weight of the dry powder, the dry powder comprises 10-70wt% of hydraulic inorganic cementitious materials, 15-88wt% of aggregates, and 0.2-10wt% of soluble binders.
  • % 0-40wt% of admixtures, 0-10wt% of additives and 0-6wt% of fibers; preferably containing 15-45wt% of hydraulic cementing materials, 45-75wt% of aggregates, 0.4-1.2wt% of soluble binders , Admixture 5-30wt%, additives 0.2-6wt% and fiber 0-3wt%.
  • the mass ratio of the dry powder to the organic solvent is 100: (6-25), preferably 100: (8-20).
  • the soluble binder is fully dissolved in the organic solvent to ensure effective dispersion among other components in the dry powder.
  • step (2) realizes that the mixture is simultaneously removed from the organic solvent and is shaped, and the soluble binder realizes the bonding of other components in the dry powder material into one body.
  • the mixture can be placed in a mold, and the organic solvent can be removed while applying pressure, or the pressure can be relieved after applying pressure for a period of time, and then the organic solvent can be removed.
  • the organic solvent removal method adopts normal pressure drying, negative pressure drying, vacuum drying, microwave drying, infrared drying and electromagnetic drying, and the temperature is 30-100°C.
  • the soluble binder is selected from at least one of xanthan gum, acetate starch, starch ether, and synthetic water-soluble polymers.
  • the third aspect of the present invention provides a re-dissolvable mortar consolidated body prepared by the method of the present invention.
  • the composition and performance parameters of the mortar consolidation body are as described above, and will not be repeated.
  • the fourth aspect of the present invention provides a mortar sheet, comprising: a support body and the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body provided by the present invention wrapping the support body, the support body is glass fiber mesh, plastic mesh and metal At least one of the nets.
  • the fifth aspect of the present invention provides an application method of the mortar sheet of the present invention, including: spraying and moistening the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body on one side of the mortar sheet and pasting it on the working surface;
  • the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body on one side is sprayed with water and all melted; other materials are laid on the surface of the melted mortar consolidation body and hardened and bonded; wherein, the other materials are mortar, blocks, bricks , At least one of ceramic tiles, stone, board, wallpaper, paint, heat preservation material or waterproof material.
  • the sixth aspect of the present invention provides a mortar building material, including a substrate, and the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation provided by the present invention combined with the substrate, and the substrate is a block, a brick, a ceramic Brick, stone, board, wallpaper, coating film, insulation material or waterproof material.
  • the seventh aspect of the present invention provides an application method of the mortar building material provided by the present invention, which includes spraying water to the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation body included in the mortar building material to melt, and then directly sticking it on the working surface and hardening.
  • the eighth aspect of the present invention provides a mortar particle obtained by granulating the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation provided by the present invention, and the shape of the mortar particle is spherical, ellipsoidal, cubic, or cylindrical. Or cone, the maximum geometric diameter of the particles is 1mm-100mm.
  • the ninth aspect of the present invention provides an application method of the mortar particles provided by the present invention, comprising: dissolving the mortar particles in water to form a slurry, applying the slurry to a working surface, and directly hardening or bonding other materials. hardening.
  • the destructive strength of the mortar consolidated body prepared in each example is determined with reference to the sample size and test method of the compressive strength in the JGJ/T70-2009 "Test Methods for Basic Performance of Building Mortar" standard:
  • the mortar consolidated body raw material is combined with The organic solvents were mixed and stirred according to the ratio, and then molded into the mold, dried at 60°C for 24 hours, and then demolded to test the strength.
  • the method for determining the dissolution time limit is as follows:
  • the fluidity of the slurry obtained by the mortar consolidation body in contact with water is measured in accordance with the GB/T 2419-2005 "Method for Measuring the Fluidity of Cement Mortar Sand".
  • the weight ratio of the mortar consolidation body to the mixing water is 1:0.26
  • the compressive and tensile bonding strength of the hardened slurry obtained by the mortar consolidation body in contact with water is measured as follows:
  • the 28d compressive strength after hardening is measured according to the standard of JGJ/T70-2009 "Basic Performance Test Method of Building Mortar”; the 14d tensile bond strength after hardening is measured according to the standard of JGJ/T70-2009 “Basic Performance Testing Method of Building Mortar”: determination of hardening
  • the mortar consolidation body is mixed with water in advance to melt into a slurry with a consistency of 85mm-90mm.
  • the above mixture is poured into a mold, dried to a constant weight under normal pressure at 60° C., and demolded to obtain a mortar consolidation body.
  • the difference is that the polyethylene glycol is 5 parts by weight, and the other components total 95 parts by weight, which are adjusted according to the original ratio relationship, that is, 26.7 parts by weight of Portland cement, 62 parts by weight of mountain Sand, 4.8 parts by weight of fly ash, 0.4 parts by weight of methyl cellulose, 1.1 parts by weight of acrylate-styrene copolymer).
  • a mortar consolidated body is obtained.
  • Comparative Example 2 The same as Comparative Example 3, except that the mountain sand was replaced with an equal volume of expanded perlite lightweight aggregate, and the mortar consolidated body was obtained according to the preparation method of Comparative Example 2.
  • the re-dissolvable mortar consolidation provided by the present invention is compared with that prepared by the “hot melt method” of the prior art.
  • the product has a better comprehensive performance in terms of breaking strength, dissolution time limit, slurry fluidity, 28d compressive strength after hardening, and 14d tensile bonding strength. It can be pre-formed into slices, blocks, strips, granules and other shapes in the factory, and can be quickly dissolved after spraying water on the construction site, and then play the adhesive function of traditional mortar.
  • the remeltable mortar consolidation body provided by the present invention can not only greatly improve engineering construction efficiency and save labor costs when applied, but also has almost no dust and waste generated during construction, and has significant ecological and environmental protection benefits.

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Abstract

一种可再溶散的砂浆固结体及其制备方法以及应用。该砂浆固结体包括：水硬性无机胶凝材料、集料、可溶性粘结剂，以及任选的至少一种选自掺合料、添加剂和纤维的附加组分，该可溶性粘结剂将水硬性无机胶凝材料、集料和附加组分粘结成一体；其中，砂浆固结体中，可溶性粘结剂的含量大于0wt％且不大于1.5wt％；粘结剂可溶于水且可溶于选自酮类、醇类、胺类、酰胺类、脂肪烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、腈类、醚类、醛类、砜类、酚类和酯类溶剂中至少一种的有机溶剂。

Description

可再溶散的砂浆固结体及其制备方法以及砂浆产品和应用 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑砂浆领域，具体地，涉及一种可再溶散的砂浆固结体及其制备方法以及多种砂浆产品和应用。
背景技术
干混砂浆是建筑工程用量最大的材料之一。然而，干粉状的产品形态导致干混砂浆在应用时存在两个主要问题：一是在施工现场加水拌合时产生严重的扬尘污染，二是离散状的产品形态和较大的原料密度差导致组分易离析，分布不均匀，产品质量不稳定。
一种现有解决上述问题的方案是热熔成型制砂浆，在干混砂浆原料中混入具有热熔性粘结剂粉末，通过加热使热熔性粘结剂熔化，然后冷却使该粘结剂固化，从而借助所述粘结剂使包含该粘结剂的干粉料的各组分固结成一体。通过压制形成片状砂浆，在运输到施工现场后，可浇水使其溶化成湿浆状态，进行与传统砂浆相同的施工作业。该方案通过改变砂浆产品形态(从粉料到片材)，有效解决了扬尘污染和质量不稳定的问题。
然而，上述技术方案存在几方面重要缺点：
①制备成本高。采用热熔成型时，需引入高掺量(体积分数通常大于10％)的水溶性粘结剂，否则熔融态的水溶性粘结剂不能充分浸润砂浆原料，无法提供足够的粘结强度，导致成型后的砂浆体易破碎。高掺量的水溶性粘结剂将导致砂浆成本成倍增加，在经济性上失去应用价值。
②溶化速度慢。采用热熔成型时，高掺量、粘稠的水溶性粘结剂在砂浆原料颗粒间形成了较厚的“胶膜”，遇水后溶解时间较长，导 致施工作业时的效率较低。
③砂浆工作性差。采用热熔成型时，常需引入高掺量的多孔轻集料作为水溶性粘结剂和其余砂浆原料之间的嵌锁连接体，否则成型后的砂浆体硬度差，易碎、易剥落。然而，高掺量的轻集料造成溶化后砂浆浆料的流动性和粘聚性显著降低，导致工作性较差，不仅影响施工效率，而且导致砂浆与作业面之间粘结效果较差，粘结强度较低。
④硬化砂浆物理力学性能差。高掺量的轻集料导致加水溶化形成的砂浆拌合物再次硬化后的力学强度较低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有热熔法砂浆存在的上述缺陷，提供了一种可再溶散的砂浆固结体及其制备方法以及砂浆产品和应用。该可再溶散的砂浆固结体具有溶散时限小、施工流动性好、强度高的特点。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明第一方面提供了一种可再溶散的砂浆固结体，包括：水硬性无机胶凝材料、集料、可溶性粘结剂，以及任选的至少一种选自掺合料、添加剂和纤维的附加组分，所述可溶性粘结剂将所述水硬性无机胶凝材料、集料和附加组分粘结成一体；其中，以所述砂浆固结体的总重为基准，所述砂浆固结体中，所述可溶性粘结剂的含量大于0wt％且不大于1.5wt％；所述可溶性粘结剂可溶于水且可溶于选自酮类、醇类、胺类、酰胺类、脂肪烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、腈类、醚类、醛类、砜类、酚类和酯类溶剂中的至少一种的有机溶剂。
本发明第二方面提供一种可再溶散的砂浆固结体的制备方法，包括：
(1)将干粉料与有机溶剂混合得到混合物；以及
(2)将所述混合物进行有机溶剂脱除并成型，得到所述砂浆固结体；
其中，所述干粉料包含水硬性无机胶凝材料、集料、可溶性粘结剂，以及任选的至少一种选自掺合料、添加剂和纤维的附加组分，所述可溶性粘结剂溶解于所述有机溶剂并将所述水硬性无机胶凝材料、集料和附加组分粘结成一体；
基于所述干粉料的总重，所述干粉料中，所述可溶性粘结剂的含量大于0wt％且不大于1.5wt％；所述可溶性粘结剂可溶于水；所述有机溶剂选自酮类、醇类、胺类、酰胺类、脂肪烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、腈类、醚类、醛类、砜类、酚类和酯类有机溶剂中的至少一种。
本发明第三方面提供一种本发明的方法制得的可再溶散的砂浆固结体。
本发明第四方面提供一种砂浆片材，包括支撑体和包裹所述支撑体的本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体，所述支撑体为玻璃纤维网、塑料网和金属网中的至少一种。
本发明第五方面提供一种本发明的砂浆片材的应用方法，包括：将砂浆片材一侧的可再溶散的砂浆固结体洒水润湿后粘贴于作业面；将砂浆片材另一侧的可再溶散的砂浆固结体进行洒水并全部溶化；将其他材料铺贴在溶化的砂浆固结体表面，并硬化粘结；其中，所述其他材料为砂浆、砌块、砖、陶瓷砖、石材、板材、壁纸、涂料、保温材料或防水材料中的至少一种。
本发明第六方面提供一种砂浆建材，包括基材，以及与所述基材结合在一起的本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体，所述基材为砌块、砖、陶瓷砖、石材、板材、壁纸、涂膜、保温材料或防水材料。
本发明第七方面提供一种本发明提供的砂浆建材的应用方法，包括：向所述砂浆建材所包括的可再溶散的砂浆固结体喷水溶化，然后直接粘贴于作业面并硬化。
本发明第八方面提供一种砂浆颗粒，所述砂浆颗粒由本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体造粒而得，所述砂浆颗粒的形状为球形、椭 球形、立方形、柱形或锥形，所述颗粒的最大几何直径为1mm-100mm。
本发明第九方面提供一种本发明提供的砂浆颗粒的应用方法，包括：将所述砂浆颗粒溶于水形成料浆，将所述料浆涂抹于作业面，直接硬化或者粘结其他材料后硬化。
通过上述技术方案，本发明提供了一种可再溶散的砂浆固结体。该固结体能够在施工时，加水即可溶散为粘稠状且具有胶粘功能的湿态砂浆，后续采用常规施工方法即能够实现砂浆的硬化粘结。
本发明提供采用溶剂成型法制备可再溶散的砂浆固结体，由于具有更好的浸润性，可溶性粘结剂掺量较少，使得产品制造成本大幅降低；同时，由于包裹砂浆原料的“胶膜”较薄，砂浆固结体遇水后解构更为迅速，具有更快的溶散速度，更短的溶散时限，能够大幅提高施工效率。另外，本发明提供的砂浆固结体中不含轻集料，砂浆固结体加水溶散后形成的料浆具有更好的流动性和粘聚性，工作性更为优良，与作业面之间具有更可靠的粘结效果；同时，硬化后的砂浆具有更好的力学强度。
本发明提供的砂浆固结体能够根据应用场景需要，预制成多种砂浆产品，如片状、条状、块状、颗粒状或其他不规则形态产品，也可与砌块、瓷砖、板材、保温材料、防水材料等预先复合成一体化产品。砂浆产品在运输至施工现场后，对其中包含的砂浆固结体进行喷水，砂浆固结体溶散为湿态砂浆，工人可直接进行粘结、砌筑、铺设等操作，省去了传统砂浆施工时的搅拌和抹浆工序。因此，本发明提供的砂浆固结体在应用时不存在干粉加水搅拌环节，完全杜绝了扬尘污染的发生；同时，固结体的产品形态使原料组分不会产生离析现象，组分均匀性和产品质量稳定性大幅提高；并且，预制标准化的规格尺寸可有效避免传统砂浆人工涂抹施工方式易存在的少涂、漏涂、抹浆厚度不均匀等质量通病，能够显著改善工程品质。本发明提供的砂浆固结体还可根据使用需要，灵活进行现场裁剪，几乎无施工垃圾残留， 极为清洁环保。
具体实施方式
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值，这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说，各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间，以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围，这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
本发明中，“溶剂成型”是指通过添加有机溶剂使可溶性粘结剂溶解，借助所述可溶性粘结剂将砂浆料中的各组分粘结，然后再除去所述有机溶剂而各组分固结成一体的成型方法。
“可溶性粘结剂”指能够溶解于液态水、特别是5℃至40℃的水中，且能溶解于选定的有机溶剂中的粘结剂。
本发明第一方面提供了一种可再溶散的砂浆固结体，包括：水硬性无机胶凝材料、集料、可溶性粘结剂，以及任选的至少一种选自掺合料、添加剂和纤维的附加组分，所述可溶性粘结剂将所述水硬性无机胶凝材料、集料和附加组分粘结成一体；
其中，以所述砂浆固结体的总重为基准，所述砂浆固结体中，所述可溶性粘结剂的含量大于0wt％且不大于1.5wt％；所述可溶性粘结剂可溶于水且可溶于选自酮类、醇类、胺类、酰胺类、脂肪烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、腈类、醚类、醛类、砜类、酚类和酯类溶剂中的至少一种的有机溶剂。
本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体，能够利用可溶性粘结剂与有机溶剂的溶解性而将砂浆固结体的各组分粘结成一体；然后该固结体再遇到水时，可溶性粘结剂又溶解于水中，并且固结体包含的水硬性无机胶凝材料遇水反应，固结体转变形成湿态砂浆，可以进行常规的砂浆的施工。
本发明的一些实施例提供，优选地，以所述砂浆固结体的总重为基准，所述砂浆固结体中，所述水硬性无机胶凝材料的含量为10-70wt％、所述集料的含量为15-88wt％、所述可溶性粘结剂的含量为0.2-1.5wt％、所述掺合料的含量为0-40wt％、所述添加剂的含量为0-10wt％以及所述纤维的含量为0-6wt％。优选，所述水硬性无机胶凝材料的含量为15-45wt％、所述集料的含量为45-75wt％、所述可溶性粘结剂的含量为0.4-1.2wt％、所述掺合料的含量为5-30wt％、所述添加剂的含量为0.2-6wt％以及所述纤维的含量为0-3wt％。在本发明中，借助所述可溶性粘结剂溶解于有机溶剂时形成的交联网络，粘结其他组分形成所述砂浆固结体。遇水之后，砂浆固结体能够再次溶散，形成具有与传统砂浆相同胶粘功能的湿态浆料。
本发明的一些实施例提供，优选地，所述可溶性粘结剂选自黄原胶、乙酸酯淀粉、淀粉醚、合成水溶性聚合物中的至少一种；优选为合成水溶性聚合物。具体地，所述淀粉醚选自羟甲基淀粉、羟乙基淀粉和羟丙基淀粉中的至少一种；所述合成水溶性聚合物选自聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯甲酰胺、聚马来酸酐、聚氧化乙烯、聚乙烯比咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸(盐)、聚甲基丙烯酸(盐)、聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、聚乙烯醇基共聚物、聚乙二醇基共聚物、丙烯酰胺基共聚物、乙烯甲酰胺基共聚物、马来酸酐基共聚物、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮基共聚物、丙烯酸(盐)基共聚物、甲基丙烯酸(盐)基共聚物和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵基共聚物中的一种或多种。优选地，所述合成性水溶性聚合物的平均分子量为4000-400000，优选为聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯甲酰胺、聚马来酸酐、聚氧化乙烯、聚乙烯比咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸(盐)、聚甲基丙烯酸(盐)、聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵。所述可溶性粘结剂能够溶解于所述有机溶剂，形成的有机溶液对所述砂浆固结体中的其他组分进行润湿，可以通过干燥去除有机溶剂，可溶性粘结剂将其他组分牢固的粘结为一体。遇水后， 水溶性粘结剂形成的网络结构解体，使得砂浆固结体溶散形成湿态浆料。在本发明中，所述可溶性粘结剂的含量过低，会造成无法形成砂浆固结体形态或硬度低、易破碎；含量过高，会造成形成的砂浆固结体遇水后溶化较慢，降低施工效率。其中，例如，聚丙烯酸(盐)表示聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸盐，其他同理。
本发明的一些实施例提供，优选地，所述有机溶剂选自丙酮、丁酮、戊酮、环己酮、甲基环己酮、3-甲基2-丁酮、2-吡咯烷酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、戊醇、环己醇、甲基环己醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、丁二醇、二乙二醇、二丙酮醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、1,6-己二醇、聚乙二醇400、2,2’-硫代二乙醇、2-氨基-2-甲基丙醇、乙醛缩二甲醇、丁胺、异丁胺、仲丁胺、叔丁胺、环己胺、苯胺、乙二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、氨乙基乙醇胺、吡啶、甲酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、二甲基亚砜、戊烷、己烷、硝基甲烷、硝基乙烷、甲基肼、乙腈、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、二氯乙烷、三氯乙烷、氯丙烷、氯丁烷、1-氯-2-甲基丙烷、2-氯-2-甲基丙烷、2-氯-2-甲基丁烷、溴丙烷、三氯乙烯、苯酚、二噁烷、三噁烷、乙醚、丙醚、异丙醚、甲基正丁基醚、苯甲醚、乙二醇醚、二氯乙醚、石油醚、甲基呋喃、四氢呋喃、吗啉、丁醛、异丁醛、甲苯、二甲苯、1,3-二氧五环、二氧六环、甲酸乙酯、甲酸丙酯、甲酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸乙烯酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酸甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、γ-丁内酯和乳酸乙酯中的至少一种；优选为丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙基甲酰胺、三氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、苯甲醚、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、乙腈、四氢呋喃、二甲基亚砜、乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯中的至少一种。在本发明中，所述有机溶剂能够在常温或加热条件下溶解所述可溶性粘结剂， 使得可溶性粘结剂能以小分子链状态吸附于所述砂浆固结体所包含的其他组分的表面和颗粒之间，构成粘结网络结构。
本发明的一些实施例提供，优选地，所述水硬性无机胶凝材料为水泥，可以为本领域的常规选择，优选为通用硅酸盐水泥、石灰石硅酸盐水泥、钢渣硅酸盐水泥、镁渣硅酸盐水泥、磷渣硅酸盐水泥、白色硅酸盐水泥、彩色硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸钙改性硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥、铁铝酸盐水泥、氟铝酸盐水泥、磷酸盐水泥、氯氧镁水泥、明矾石水泥和碱激发水泥中的至少一种；更优选为通用硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥和铁铝酸盐水泥中的至少一种。
本发明中，所述集料(又称“骨料”)为天然砂、机制砂和再生集料中的至少一种。所述天然砂包含河砂、山砂、湖砂和淡化海砂；所述机制砂是指以岩石、尾矿、工业固废为原料，通过制砂设备加工而成的人工砂；再生集料是指通过破碎、清洗、分选等工艺从废弃混凝土、建筑垃圾中获得的满足砂浆细集料要求的颗粒。所述集料的密度大于2000kg/m 3。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述掺合料可为本领域的常规选择，优选为粉煤灰、矿渣粉、硅灰、沸石粉、脱硫石膏、石灰石粉、钢渣粉、磷渣粉中的至少一种；更为优选为粉煤灰、矿渣粉、脱硫石膏和石灰石粉中的至少一种。掺合料的使用能够降低产品成本，并在一定配方体系下，能够与其他组分产生协同增效作用，改善砂浆施工性能和硬化后物理力学性能。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述添加剂选自保水剂、可再分散乳胶粉、减水剂、缓凝剂、速凝剂、防水剂、偶联剂、早强剂、引气剂、触变润滑剂、消泡剂和促溶散剂中的至少一种。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述保水剂选自甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羧甲基羟乙基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、 磺酸乙基纤维素、羧乙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素和氰乙基纤维素中的至少一种。优选为甲基纤维素和/或羟丙基甲基纤维素。保水剂的加入能够使得本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体，遇水溶散后具有较高的保水率，能够避免水分过快流失导致的工作性降低和硬化后开裂等质量问题。其中，所述保水剂的含量为0-3‰，优选为0.5-3‰。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述可再分散乳胶粉可为本领域的常规选择，优选为乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-氯乙烯-月桂酸乙烯酯三元共聚物、醋酸乙烯酯-乙烯-高级脂肪酸乙烯酯三元共聚物、醋酸乙烯酯-高级脂肪酸乙烯酯共聚物、丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物、醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯-高级脂肪酸乙烯酯三元共聚物、醋酸乙烯酯均聚物和苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物中的至少一种，更为优选为乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-氯乙烯-月桂酸乙烯酯三元共聚物、醋酸乙烯酯-乙烯-高级脂肪酸乙烯酯三元共聚物和醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯-高级脂肪酸乙烯酯三元共聚物中的至少一种。可再分散乳胶粉能够提高本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体使用时的粘结强度，降低吸水性，同时提高抗裂性和柔韧性。可再分散乳胶粉能够商购获得。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述减水剂选自木质素减水剂、萘系减水剂、三聚氰胺系减水剂和聚羧酸盐减水剂中的至少一种，优选为聚羧酸盐减水剂，更优选为丙烯酸-异丁烯基聚氧乙烯醚减水剂。所述减水剂在本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体现场遇水使用时，能够大幅度降低水的需求量，并且能够提高砂浆硬化后的抗压和粘结强度，降低开裂性。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述缓凝剂可为本领域的常规选择，优选为木质素磺酸盐、糖钙、葡萄糖酸盐、柠檬酸、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸、酒石酸盐、羟基羧酸盐、锌盐、硼酸盐和磷酸盐中的至少一种，更为优选为木质素磺酸盐、糖钙、葡萄糖酸盐、柠檬酸和酒石酸 中的至少一种。所述缓凝剂的加入能使本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体在应用时，根据施工需要延长凝结硬化时间，较长时间保持塑性状态，增加可施工时间。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述速凝剂可为本领域的常规选择，优选为碳酸锂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化铝、硅酸钠、硅酸钾、铝酸钠、铝酸钾、铝酸钙和硫酸铝中的一种或多种的混合物。所述速凝剂的加入能使本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体在应用时，根据施工需要缩短凝结硬化时间，加快施工速度。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述防水剂可为本领域的常规选择，优选为硬脂酸钾、硬脂酸钠、氯化钙、氯化铁和有机硅中的至少一种，更为优选为有机硅。所述防水剂的加入能使本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体具有良好的防水性能，应用于需进行防水、防渗、防潮处理的砂浆工程时，能够满足相关要求。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、磷酸酯偶联剂和硼酸酯偶联剂中的至少一种，优选为硅烷偶联剂，更优选为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三(β-甲氧乙氧基)硅烷中的至少一种。所述偶联剂的加入能使本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体原料中的无机基体和有机基体结合作用更强，增加砂浆固结体的自身强度和硬度。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述早强剂可为本领域的常规选择，优选为硫酸钠、硫酸钾、氯化钠、氯化钾、硝酸钙、亚硝酸钙、甲酸钙、溴化钙、氯化钙和三乙醇胺中的至少一种，更为优选为硫酸钠、硫酸钾、氯化钙和三乙醇胺中的至少一种。所述早强剂的加入能使本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体遇水后具有较快的水化速度，硬化时具有较高的早期强度，满足特殊工程对砂浆早期强度的特定要求。
本发明的一些实施例中提供，其中，所述引气剂可为本领域的常 规选择，优选为烷基磺酸钠、烷基苯磺酸钠、烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯磺酸钠、脂肪醇硫酸钠和烷基酚环氧乙烷缩合物中的至少一种，更优选为十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠。所述引气剂的加入能够在本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体溶化后的浆料中引入大量微小气泡，改善浆体和易性，提高硬化砂浆的抗渗性与抗冻性。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述触变润滑剂可为本领域的常规选择，优选为硅酸镁铝。所述触变润滑剂的加入能够显著改善本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体溶化后浆料的抗流挂性，进行墙面抹灰、墙砖粘贴等立面施工时，能够使砂浆稳定、牢固附着于作业面。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述消泡剂可为本领域的常规选择，优选为有机硅消泡剂和/或聚醚消泡剂。可以商购，例如聚二甲基硅氧烷消泡剂、GPE消泡剂、GPES消泡剂。所述消泡剂的引入能够降低本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体溶化后浆料中的过量有害气泡，促进硬化砂浆达到所需的密实度和力学强度。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述促溶散剂为羧甲基淀粉钠、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和交联羧甲基纤维素钠中的一种或多种混合物。所述促溶散剂的加入，能够通过遇水膨胀效应使本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体具有较快的溶散、溶化速度，提高施工效率。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述纤维可为本领域的常规选择，优选为聚丙烯纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维、聚酰胺纤维、高密度聚乙烯纤维、聚酯纤维、芳纶纤维、氨纶纤维、玻璃纤维、纤维素纤维、碳纤维和钢纤维中的至少一种，更为优选为聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维和玻璃纤维中的至少一种。所述纤维的加入能够在本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体内形成三维网络结构，提供所述砂浆固结体具有良好的抗折强度和韧性。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述纤维的长度可根据本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体的规格尺寸进行选择，优选为1mm-12mm，更为优选为1.5mm-6mm。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述砂浆固结体具有上述组成能够提供遇水时更快的溶散速度，优选地，所述砂浆固结体的溶散时限为20s以下，优选为5-20s。能够有利于施工现场的快速施工，提高施工效率。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述砂浆固结体具有上述组成时，整体的强度有改进，有助于保证所述砂浆固结体在生产、运输和施工时的完整性，不破碎。优选地，所述砂浆固结体的强度为0.3MPa以上，优选为0.35-2MPa。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述砂浆固结体具有上述组成，遇水溶散后形成的浆料能够具有更好的流动性和粘聚性。优选地，所述砂浆固结体遇水溶散形成的浆料的流动度为170-260mm，优选为180-240mm。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述砂浆固结体具有上述组成，遇水溶散后形成湿态浆料，施工后经水化作用和硬化而获得的砂浆硬化体具有更好的力学强度。优选地，所述砂浆固结体遇水并硬化而得的砂浆硬化体的28d抗压强度为5MPa以上，优选为7.5MPa以上；14d拉伸粘结强度(与普通混凝土基面)为0.4MPa以上，优选为0.6MPa以上，更优选为0.7MPa以上。
本发明的一些实施例提供，其中，所述可再溶散的砂浆固结体优选以所述可再溶散的砂浆固结体的总重为基准包括：水硬性无机胶凝材料13-35wt％、集料60-75wt％、可溶性粘结剂0.4-1.2wt％、掺合料5-20wt％、添加剂0.4-3wt％以及所述纤维0-1.5wt％。
本发明的一些实施例提供，最优选地，所述可再溶散的砂浆固结体包括：通用硅酸盐水泥15-35wt％、天然砂或机制砂65-75wt％、合 成水溶性聚合物0.4-1.2wt％、粉煤灰或脱硫石膏5-20wt％、可再分散乳胶粉0.2-3.5wt％、保水剂0.05-0.4wt％、聚酰胺纤维或聚酯纤维或玻璃纤维0-1.5wt％。
本发明第二方面提供一种可再溶散的砂浆固结体的制备方法，包括：
(1)将干粉料与有机溶剂混合得到混合物；以及
(2)将所述混合物进行有机溶剂脱除并成型，得到所述砂浆固结体；
其中，所述干粉料包含水硬性无机胶凝材料、集料、可溶性粘结剂，以及任选的至少一种选自掺合料、添加剂和纤维的附加组分，所述可溶性粘结剂溶解于所述有机溶剂并将所述水硬性无机胶凝材料、集料和附加组分粘结成一体；
基于所述干粉料的总重，所述干粉料中，所述可溶性粘结剂的含量大于0wt％且不大于1.5wt％；所述可溶性粘结剂可溶于水；所述有机溶剂选自酮类、醇类、胺类、酰胺类、脂肪烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、腈类、醚类、醛类、砜类、酚类和酯类有机溶剂中的至少一种。
本发明可以提供上述溶剂成型的方法制备本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体。本发明的一些实施例提供，优选地，基于所述干粉料的总重，所述干粉料包含水硬性无机胶凝材料10-70wt％、集料15-88wt％、可溶性粘结剂0.2-10wt％、掺合料0-40wt％、添加剂0-10wt％以及纤维0-6wt％；优选包含水硬性胶凝材料15-45wt％、集料45-75wt％、可溶性粘结剂0.4-1.2wt％、掺合料5-30wt％、添加剂0.2-6wt％以及纤维0-3wt％。
本发明的一些实施例提供，所述干粉料与所述有机溶剂的质量比为100：(6-25)，优选为100：(8-20)。使所述可溶性粘结剂充分溶解与所述有机溶剂中，保证有效地分散在所述干粉料中的其他组分之间。
本发明的一些实施例中提供，步骤(2)实现所述混合物同时去除所述有机溶剂并进行成型，所述可溶性粘结剂实现粘结所述干粉料中的其他组分成型为一体。可以将所述混合物放置于模具中，施压的同时进行有机溶剂的去除，或者在施压一段时间后卸压，再进行有机溶剂的去除。优选地，有机溶剂脱除的方式采用常压干燥、负压干燥、真空干燥、微波干燥、红外干燥以及电磁干燥，温度为30-100℃。
本发明的一些实施例提供，优选地，所述可溶性粘结剂选自黄原胶、乙酸酯淀粉、淀粉醚和合成水溶性聚合物中的至少一种。
本发明提供的上述方法中，使用的各种组分如前述所述，不再赘述。
本发明第三方面提供一种本发明的方法制得的可再溶散的砂浆固结体。砂浆固结体的组成和性能参数如上所述，不再赘述。
本发明第四方面提供一种砂浆片材，包括：支撑体和包裹所述支撑体的本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体，所述支撑体为玻璃纤维网、塑料网和金属网中的至少一种。
本发明第五方面提供一种本发明的砂浆片材的应用方法，包括：将砂浆片材一侧的可再溶散的砂浆固结体洒水润湿后粘贴于作业面；将砂浆片材另一侧的可再溶散的砂浆固结体进行洒水并全部溶化；将其他材料铺贴在溶化的砂浆固结体表面，并硬化粘结；其中，所述其他材料为砂浆、砌块、砖、陶瓷砖、石材、板材、壁纸、涂料、保温材料或防水材料中的至少一种。
本发明第六方面提供一种砂浆建材，包括基材，以及与所述基材结合在一起的本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体，所述基材为砌块、砖、陶瓷砖、石材、板材、壁纸、涂膜、保温材料或防水材料。
本发明第七方面提供一种本发明提供的砂浆建材的应用方法，包括向所述砂浆建材所包括的可再溶散的砂浆固结体喷水溶化，然后直接粘贴于作业面并硬化。
本发明第八方面提供一种砂浆颗粒，所述砂浆颗粒由本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体造粒而得，所述砂浆颗粒的形状为球形、椭球形、立方形、柱形或锥形，所述颗粒的最大几何直径为1mm-100mm。
本发明第九方面提供一种本发明提供的砂浆颗粒的应用方法，包括：将所述砂浆颗粒溶于水形成料浆，将所述料浆涂抹于作业面，直接硬化或者粘结其他材料后硬化。
以下通过具体实施例详细说明本发明的实施过程和所产生的有益效果，旨在帮助阅读者更清楚地了解本发明的精神实质所在，但不能对本发明的实施范围构成任何限定。
以下实施例中，各原料均是通过商购得到，制得的砂浆固结体的组成按照各组分投料用量的重量百分比计；
各实施例制得的砂浆固结体的破坏强度参照JGJ/T70-2009《建筑砂浆基本性能试验方法》标准中抗压强度的样品尺寸和测试方法测定：成型时，将砂浆固结体原料与有机溶剂按照配比混合搅拌，入模成型，在60℃下干燥24小时后脱模，测试强度。
溶散时限测定方法如下：
在1000ml烧杯中盛装750ml水，水温20±5℃，置入磁力搅拌子，在烧杯内500ml刻度处水平安装5.5mm孔径方孔筛网，筛网与烧杯内壁卡紧。烧杯放置于磁力搅拌器上，转速设置为500转/分钟。测试样品规格为边长30mm×30mm×5mm的立方体，测试前在60℃下干燥24小时。样品轻轻放入烧杯中，同时开始秒表计时，待溶化料浆完全透过筛网(纤维、大颗粒集料可以不通过)，停止计时，此时所记录的时间为测试样品的溶散时限，单位秒(s)。
砂浆固结体遇水而得的料浆的流动度参照GB/T 2419-2005《水泥胶砂流动度测定方法》标准测定，砂浆固结体与拌合水的重量比为1：0.26
砂浆固结体遇水而得的料浆硬化后的抗压、拉伸粘结强度如下测 定：
硬化后28d抗压强度按照JGJ/T70-2009《建筑砂浆基本性能试验方法》标准测定；硬化后14d拉伸粘结强度按照JGJ/T70-2009《建筑砂浆基本性能试验方法》标准测定：测定硬化后28d抗压强度、14d拉伸粘结强度时，提前将砂浆固结体与水拌合，溶化成稠度85mm-90mm的料浆。
实施例1
将15重量份的硅酸盐水泥、75重量份的河砂、1.2重量份的黄原胶、6.5重量份的粉煤灰、1.5重量份的聚丙烯纤维(长度6mm)、0.05重量份的羟丙基甲基纤维素以及0.75重量份的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物混合拌制成干粉料，与15重量份丙酮混合得到混合物；
将上述混合物注入模具，在40℃下常压干燥至恒重，脱模，得到砂浆固结体；
测定上述方法制得的砂浆固结体的破坏强度、溶散时限、料浆流动度、硬化后28d抗压强度和14d拉伸粘结强度，测试结果如表1所示。
实施例2
将28重量份的硅酸盐水泥、65重量份的山砂、0.4重量份的聚乙二醇、5重量份的粉煤灰、0.4重量份的甲基纤维素以及1.2重量份的丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物混合拌制成干粉料，与16重量份乙醇混合得到混合物；
将上述混合物注入模具，在60℃下常压干燥至恒重，脱模，得到砂浆固结体；
测定上述方法制得的砂浆固结体的破坏强度、溶散时限、料浆流动度，料浆硬化后28d抗压强度和14d拉伸粘结强度，测试结果如表 1所示。
实施例3
将20重量份的硫铝酸盐水泥、70重量份的铁尾矿机制砂、0.8重量份的聚马来酸酐、8重量份的脱硫石膏、0.3重量份的羧甲基羟乙基纤维素以及0.9重量份苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物混合拌制成干粉料，与15重量份甲醇混合得到混合物；
将上述混合物注入模具，在45℃下常压干燥至恒重，脱模，得到砂浆固结体；
测定上述方法制得的砂浆固结体的破坏强度、溶散时限、料浆流动度、硬化后28d抗压强度和14d拉伸粘结强度，测试结果如表1所示。
实施例4
将55重量份的硅酸盐水泥、38重量份的湖砂、0.5重量份的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、4重量份的硅灰、0.9重量份的玻璃纤维(长度3mm)、0.04重量份的甲基纤维素、0.8重量份的丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物、0.2重量份的柠檬酸、0.3重量份的氯化钾、以及0.26重量份的脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，混合拌制成干粉料，与18重量份二甲基亚砜混合得到混合物。
将上述混合物注入模具，在100℃下真空干燥至恒重，脱模，得到砂浆固结体；
测定上述方法制得的砂浆固结体的破坏强度、溶散时限、料浆流动度、硬化后28d抗压强度和14d拉伸粘结强度，测试结果如表1所示。
对比例1
将77重量份的硅酸盐水泥、14重量份的山砂、6重量份的聚乙 二醇、2重量份的氨纶纤维(长度1.5mm)、0.1重量份的甲基纤维素、0.6重量份的丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物，以及0.3重量份的硅酸镁铝混合拌制成干粉料，与16重量份乙醇混合得到混合物。
将上述混合物注入模具，在60℃下常压干燥至恒重，脱模，得到砂浆固结体。
测定上述方法制得的砂浆固结体的破坏强度、溶散时限、料浆流动度，料浆硬化后28d抗压强度和14d拉伸粘结强度，测试结果如表1所示。
对比例2
按照实施例2中的组分组成，不同的是，采用热熔法制备工艺：
将干粉料置于模具内，加热至120℃，使其中的聚乙二醇熔化，保温30分钟后冷却，至硬化成型；发现冷却后物料酥松，无法形成具有一定力学强度的砂浆硬化体。
对比例3
按照对比例2的方法，不同的是，聚乙二醇为5重量份，其他组分合计95重量份，按照原比例关系相应调整，即26.7重量份的硅酸盐水泥、62重量份的山砂、4.8重量份的粉煤灰、0.4重量份的甲基纤维素、1.1重量份的丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物)。得到砂浆固结体。
测定上述方法制得的砂浆固结体的破坏强度、溶散时限、料浆流动度，料浆硬化后28d抗压强度和14d拉伸粘结强度，测试结果如表1所示。
对比例4
同对比例3，不同的是，将山砂替换为等体积的膨胀珍珠岩轻集料，按对比例2的制备方法得到砂浆固结体。
测定上述方法制得的砂浆固结体的破坏强度、溶散时限、料浆流 动度，料浆硬化后28d抗压强度和14d拉伸粘结强度，测试结果如表1所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2019126962-appb-000001
由实施例1、2、3、4和对比例1、2、3、4对比可知，本发明提供的可再溶散的砂浆固结体相比于利用现有技术“热熔法”制备的产品，在破坏强度、溶散时限、料浆流动度、硬化后28d抗压强度、14d拉伸粘结强度等方面具有更好的综合表现。能够在工厂内预制成片、块、条、粒等形状，在施工现场喷水后能够快速溶解，进而发挥传统砂浆的胶粘功能。本发明提供的可再溶化的砂浆固结体，应用时不仅能够大幅提高工程施工效率，节约用工成本，而且施工时几乎无扬尘和废料产生，具有显著的生态环保效益。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合，这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容，均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种可再溶散的砂浆固结体，包括：水硬性无机胶凝材料、集料、可溶性粘结剂，以及任选的至少一种选自掺合料、添加剂和纤维的附加组分，所述可溶性粘结剂将所述水硬性无机胶凝材料、集料和附加组分粘结成一体；
    其中，以所述砂浆固结体的总重为基准，所述砂浆固结体中，所述可溶性粘结剂的含量大于0wt％且不大于1.5wt％；所述可溶性粘结剂可溶于水且可溶于选自酮类、醇类、胺类、酰胺类、脂肪烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、腈类、醚类、醛类、砜类、酚类和酯类溶剂中的至少一种的有机溶剂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的砂浆固结体，其中，以所述砂浆固结体的总重为基准，所述砂浆固结体中，所述水硬性无机胶凝材料的含量为10-70wt％、所述集料的含量为15-88wt％、所述可溶性粘结剂的含量为0.2-1.5wt％、所述掺合料的含量为0-40wt％、所述添加剂的含量为0-10wt％以及所述纤维的含量为0-6wt％；
    优选，所述水硬性无机胶凝材料的含量为15-45wt％、所述集料的含量为45-75wt％、所述可溶性粘结剂的含量为0.4-1.2wt％、所述掺合料的含量为5-30wt％、所述添加剂的含量为0.2-6wt％以及所述纤维的含量为0-3wt％。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的砂浆固结体，其中，所述可溶性粘结剂选自黄原胶、乙酸酯淀粉、淀粉醚和合成水溶性聚合物中的至少一种；
    优选地，所述淀粉醚选自羟甲基淀粉、羟乙基淀粉和羟丙基淀粉中的至少一种；
    优选地，所述合成水溶性聚合物选自聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙 烯酰胺、聚乙烯甲酰胺、聚马来酸酐、聚氧化乙烯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酸(盐)、聚甲基丙烯酸(盐)、聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、聚乙烯醇基共聚物、聚乙二醇基共聚物、丙烯酰胺基共聚物、乙烯甲酰胺基共聚物、马来酸酐基共聚物、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮基共聚物、丙烯酸(盐)基共聚物、甲基丙烯酸(盐)基共聚物和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵基共聚物中的至少一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的砂浆固结体，其中，所述有机溶剂选自丙酮、丁酮、戊酮、环己酮、甲基环己酮、3-甲基2-丁酮、2-吡咯烷酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、戊醇、环己醇、甲基环己醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、丁二醇、二乙二醇、二丙酮醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、1,6-己二醇、聚乙二醇400、2,2’-硫代二乙醇、2-氨基-2-甲基丙醇、乙醛缩二甲醇、丁胺、异丁胺、仲丁胺、叔丁胺、环己胺、苯胺、乙二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、氨乙基乙醇胺、吡啶、甲酰胺、N-甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、二甲基亚砜、戊烷、己烷、硝基甲烷、硝基乙烷、甲基肼、乙腈、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、二氯乙烷、三氯乙烷、氯丙烷、氯丁烷、1-氯-2-甲基丙烷、2-氯-2-甲基丙烷、2-氯-2-甲基丁烷、溴丙烷、三氯乙烯、苯酚、二噁烷、三噁烷、乙醚、丙醚、异丙醚、甲基正丁基醚、苯甲醚、乙二醇醚、二氯乙醚、石油醚、甲基呋喃、四氢呋喃、吗啉、丁醛、异丁醛、甲苯、二甲苯、1,3-二氧五环、二氧六环、甲酸乙酯、甲酸丙酯、甲酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸乙烯酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酸甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、γ-丁内酯和乳酸乙酯中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的砂浆固结体，其中，所 述砂浆固结体的溶散时限为20s以下，优选为5-20s；
    优选地，所述砂浆固结体的破坏强度为0.3MPa以上，优选为0.3-2MPa；
    优选地，所述砂浆固结体遇水溶散形成的浆料的流动度为170-260mm；优选为180-240mm；
    优选地，所述砂浆固结体遇水并硬化而得的砂浆硬化体的28天抗压强度为5MPa以上，优选为7.5MPa以上；14天拉伸粘结强度为0.4MPa以上，优选为0.6MPa以上。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的砂浆固结体，其中，所述砂浆固结体通过溶剂成型方法制得。
  7. 一种可再溶散的砂浆固结体的制备方法，包括：
    (1)将干粉料与有机溶剂混合得到混合物；以及
    (2)将所述混合物进行有机溶剂脱除并成型，得到所述砂浆固结体；
    其中，所述干粉料包含水硬性无机胶凝材料、集料、可溶性粘结剂，以及任选的至少一种选自掺合料、添加剂和纤维的附加组分，所述可溶性粘结剂溶解于所述有机溶剂并将所述水硬性无机胶凝材料、集料和附加组分粘结成一体；
    基于所述干粉料的总重，所述干粉料中，所述可溶性粘结剂的含量大于0wt％且不大于1.5wt％；所述可溶性粘结剂可溶于水；所述有机溶剂选自酮类、醇类、胺类、酰胺类、脂肪烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、腈类、醚类、醛类、砜类、酚类和酯类有机溶剂中的至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，基于所述干粉料的总重，所述干粉料包含水硬性无机胶凝材料10-70wt％、集料15-88wt％、可溶性粘结剂0.2-1.5wt％、掺合料0-40wt％、添加剂0-10wt％以及纤维 0-6wt％；
    优选包含水硬性无机胶凝材料15-45wt％、集料45-75wt％、可溶性粘结剂0.4-1.2wt％、掺合料5-30wt％、添加剂0.2-6wt％以及纤维0-3wt％。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其中，所述干粉料与所述有机溶剂的质量比为100：(6-25)，优选为100：(8-20)。
  10. 根据权利要求7-9中任意一项所述的方法，其中，所述可溶性粘结剂选自黄原胶、乙酸酯淀粉、淀粉醚和合成水溶性聚合物中的至少一种。
  11. 一种权利要求7-10中任意一项所述的方法制得的可再溶散的砂浆固结体。
  12. 一种砂浆片材，包括支撑体和包裹所述支撑体的权利要求1-6和11中任意一项所述的可再溶散的砂浆固结体，所述支撑体为玻璃纤维网、塑料网和金属网中的至少一种；优选地，所述砂浆片材的厚度为1-10mm。
  13. 一种权利要求12所述的砂浆片材的应用方法，包括：将砂浆片材一侧的可再溶散的砂浆固结体洒水润湿后粘贴于作业面；将砂浆片材另一侧的可再溶散的砂浆固结体进行洒水并全部溶化；将其他材料铺贴在溶化的砂浆固结体表面，并硬化粘结；
    其中，所述其他材料为砂浆、砌块、砖、陶瓷砖、石材、板材、壁纸、涂料、保温材料或防水材料中的至少一种。
  14. 一种砂浆建材，包括基材，以及与所述基材结合在一起的权 利要求1-6和11中任意一项所述的可再溶散的砂浆固结体，所述基材为砌块、砖、陶瓷砖、石材、板材、壁纸、涂膜、保温材料或防水材料。
  15. 一种权利要求14所述的砂浆建材的应用方法，包括：向所述砂浆建材所包括的可再溶散的砂浆固结体喷水溶化，然后直接粘贴于作业面并硬化。
  16. 一种砂浆颗粒，所述砂浆颗粒由权利要求1-6和11中任意一项所述的可再溶散的砂浆固结体造粒而得，所述砂浆颗粒的形状为球形、椭球形、立方形、柱形或锥形，所述颗粒的最大几何直径为1mm-100mm。
  17. 一种权利要求16所述的砂浆颗粒的应用方法，包括：将所述砂浆颗粒溶于水形成料浆，将所述料浆涂抹于作业面，直接硬化或者粘结其他材料后硬化。
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